FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Ruggiero, AG AF Ruggiero, AG BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Adjusted field profile for the chromaticity cancellation in FFAG accelerators SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ DE FFAG accelerators; magnet field; beam dynamics; proton beams; chromaticity AB In an earlier report [1] we have reviewed four major rules to design the lattice of Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) accelerators. One of these rules deals with the search of the Adjusted Field Profile, that is the field non-linear distribution along the length and the width of the accelerator magnets, to compensate for the chromatic behavior, and thus to reduce considerably the variation of betatron tunes during acceleration over a large momentum range. The present report defines the method for the search of the Adjusted Field Profile. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruggiero, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400070 ER PT S AU Derbenev, Y AF Derbenev, Y BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI A method to overcome space charge at injection SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ AB The transverse space charge forces in a high current, low energy beam can be reduced by mean of a large increase of the beam's transverse sizes while maintaining the beam area in the 4D phase space. This can be achieved by transforming the beam area in phase space of each of two normal 2D transverse (either plane or circular) modes from a spot shape into a narrow ring of a large amplitude, but homogeneous in phase. Such a transformation results from the beam evolution in the island of a dipole resonance when the amplitude width of the island shrinks adiabatically. After stacking (by using stripping foils or cooling) the beam in such a state and accelerating to energies sufficiently high that the space charge becomes insignificant, the beam then can be returned back to a normal spot shape by applying the reverse transformation. An arrangement that can provide such beam gymnastics along a transport line after a linac and before a booster and/or in a ring with circulating beam will be described and numerical estimates will be presented. Other potential applications of the method will be briefly discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Derbenev, Y (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400071 ER PT S AU Lebedev, V Burov, A AF Lebedev, V Burov, A BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Collective instabilities in the Tevatron complex SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ AB Although the luminosity growth for Tevatron Run II was slower than expected, steady growth of luminosity has been demonstrated during the last three years with the peak luminosity of 1.02x10(32) cm(-2) s(-1) achieved in July 2004. Suppression of instabilities has been a valuable contributor to the luminosity growth. This report discusses the transverse instabilities in the Tevatron and Recycler. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lebedev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 350 EP 354 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400074 ER PT S AU Ng, KY AF Ng, KY BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Resistive-wall instability at the Fermilab Recycler Ring SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ DE resistive wall; transverse instability AB Sporadic transverse instabilities have been observed at the Fermilab Recycler Ring leading to increase in transverse emittances and beam loss. The driving source of these instabilities has been attributed to the resistive-wall impedance with space-charge playing an important role in suppressing Landau damping. Growth rates of the instabilities have been computed. Remaining problems are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ng, KY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 365 EP 367 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400077 ER PT S AU MacLachlan, JA AF MacLachlan, JA BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Charge dependent increase in coherence of synchrotron oscillation at injection SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ AB Because of coupled bunch instability and/or because of some unidentified mechanism, bunches from the 8 GeV Booster accelerator at Fermilab arrive in the Main Injector synchrotron with a complicated centroid distribution in phase and energy. The currently installed broad band kicker provides a maximum of 2 W, insufficient to remove injection errors before the oscillations would de-cohere, ignoring the influence of bunch charge. Perhaps surprisingly, for sufficient but generally modest charge, the effect of potential well distortion is to maintain bunch integrity. This talk illustrates the phenomenon for injection into the Fermilab Main Injector and offers an explanation sufficiently general to apply elsewhere. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP MacLachlan, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 375 EP 377 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400080 ER PT S AU Wei, J Fedotov, A Fischer, W Malitsky, N Parzen, G Qiang, J AF Wei, J Fedotov, A Fischer, W Malitsky, N Parzen, G Qiang, J BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Intra-beam scattering theory and RHIC experiments SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ AB Intra-beam scattering is the leading mechanism limiting the luminosity in heavy-ion storage rings like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The multiple Coulomb scattering among the charged particles causes transverse emittance growth and longitudinal beam de-bunching and beam loss, compromising machine performance during collision. Theoretically, the original theories developed by Piwinski [1], Bjorken, and Mtingwa [2] only describe the rms; beam size growth of an unbounded Gaussian distribution. Equations based on the Fokker-Planck approach are developed to further describe the beam density profile evolution and beam loss [3, 4, 5]. During the 2004 RHIC heavy-ion operation, dedicated IBS experiments were performed to bench-mark the rms beam size growth, beam loss, and profile evolution both for a Gaussian-like and a longitudinal hollow beam. This paper summarizes the IBS theory and discusses the experimental bench-marking results. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wei, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400084 ER PT S AU Burov, A AF Burov, A BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Integrals for IBS and beam cooling SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ DE electron cooling; stochastic cooling; intra-beam scattering AB Simulation of beam cooling usually requi'res performing certain integral transformations every time step or so, which is a significant burden on the CPU. Examples are the dispersion integrals (Hilbert transforms) in the stochastic cooling, wake fields and IBS integrals, An original method is suggested for fast and sufficiently accurate computation of the integrals. This method is applied for the dispersion integral. Some methodical aspects of the IBS analysis are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Burov, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 404 EP 408 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400087 ER PT S AU Fedotov, AV Ben-Zvi, I Bruhwiler, D Eidelman, Y Litvinenko, VN Malitsky, N Meshkov, I Sidorin, A Smirnov, A Trubnikov, G AF Fedotov, AV Ben-Zvi, I Bruhwiler, D Eidelman, Y Litvinenko, VN Malitsky, N Meshkov, I Sidorin, A Smirnov, A Trubnikov, G BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Electron cooling dynamics for RHIC SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ AB Research towards high-energy electron cooling of RHIC is presently underway at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In this new regime, electron cooling has many unique features and challenges. At high energy, due to the difficulty of providing operational reserves, the expected cooling times must be estimated with a high degree of accuracy compared to extant low-energy coolers. To address these high-energy cooling issues, a detailed study of cooling dynamics based on computer codes and experimental benchmarking was launched at BNL. In this paper, we present an update of the high-energy cooling dynamics studies. We also include a discussion of some features of electron cooling relevant to colliders, such as the effects of rapid cooling of the beam core and an accurate treatment of the intra-beam scattering for such cooled ion distributions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fedotov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Smirnov, Alexander/E-3709-2014 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400089 ER PT S AU Luccio, AU D'Imperio, NL Lehrach, A AF Luccio, AU D'Imperio, NL Lehrach, A BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Perturbation of HESR lattice due to an e-cool insertion SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ AB The antiproton beam in the 1.5-15 GeV storage ring HESR, in part designed at Julich for the FAIR complex at GSI, will contain a section with electron cooling. The electron beam in this section generates a radial electric field that produces a marked defocusing of the antiprotons in both transverse planes. This note presents a model of the cooling beam and describes the corresponding perturbation of the optics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Luccio, AU (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 434 EP 436 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400093 ER PT S AU Lebedev, V AF Lebedev, V BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Single and multiple intrabeam scattering in hadron colliders SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ AB Single and multiple intra-beam scattering are usually considered separately. Such separation works well for electron-positron colliders but usually yields only coarse description in the case of hadron colliders. Boltzmann type integro-differential equation is used to describe evolution of longitudinal distribution due to IBS. The finite size of the longitudinal potential well, its non-linearity and x-y coupling are taken into account. The model predictions for longitudinal and transverse distributions are compared to the experimental measurements. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lebedev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 440 EP 442 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400095 ER PT S AU Zhang, SY Kramer, A AF Zhang, SY Kramer, A BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Summary of session E: Electron cloud and ion desorption SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ AB Electron cloud and ion desorption are currently intensity limit of several hadron machines in operation, and possibly of concern for several accelerators in construction and planning. In this summary, the background, the progress, and the working session discussion of this aspect are reported. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, SY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 457 EP 458 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400100 ER PT S AU Lee, YY Shaposhnikova, E AF Lee, YY Shaposhnikova, E BE Hofmann, I Hasse, RW Lagniel, JM TI Summary of session I: Injection, instabilities and feedback SO High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Bensheim, GERMANY SP GSI, CEA, FZJ C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, YY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0258-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 773 BP 463 EP 465 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCO89 UT WOS:000230453400103 ER PT S AU Bozdag, D Catalyurek, U Gebremedhin, AH Manne, F Boman, EG Ozguner, F AF Bozdag, D Catalyurek, U Gebremedhin, AH Manne, F Boman, EG Ozguner, F BE Yang, LT Rana, OF DiMartino, B Dongarra, J TI parallel distance-2 graph coloring algorithm for distributed memory computers SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC 2005) CY SEP 21-23, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP Second Univ Naples, Lecture Notes Comp Sci ID APPROXIMATION; MODELS AB The distance-2 graph coloring problem aims at partitioning vertex set of a graph into the fewest sets consisting of vertices pairwise at distance greater than two from each other. Application examples include numerical optimization and channel assignment. We present the first distributed-memory heuristic algorithm for this NP-hard problem, Parallel speedup is achieved through graph partitioning, speculative (iterative) coloring, and a BSP-like organization of computation. Experimental results show that the algorithm is scalable, and compares favorably with an alternative approach-solving the problem on a graph G by first constructing the square graph G(2) and then applying a parallel distance-1 coloring algorithm on G(2). C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bozdag, D (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bozdagd@ece.osu.edu; umit@bmi.osu.edu; assefaw@cs.odu.edu; Fredrik.Manne@ii.uib.no; egboman@sandia.gov; ozguner@ece.osu.edu RI Catalyurek, Umit/A-2454-2008 OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29031-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3726 BP 796 EP 806 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BDH97 UT WOS:000233593200087 ER PT S AU Vuduc, RW Moon, HJ AF Vuduc, RW Moon, HJ BE Yang, LT Rana, OF DiMartino, B Dongarra, J TI Fast sparse matrix-vector multiplication by exploiting variable block structure SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC 2005) CY SEP 21-23, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP Second Univ Naples, Lecture Notes Comp Sci AB We improve the performance of sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) on modern cache-based superscalar machines when the matrix structure consists of multiple, irregularly aligned rectangular blocks. Matrices from finite element modeling applications often have this structure. We split the matrix, A, into a sum, A(1) + A(2) + ... + A(s), where each term is stored in a new data structure we refer to a's unaligned block compressed sparse row (UBCSR) format. A classical approach which stores A in a block compressed sparse row (BCSR) format can also reduce execution time, but the improvements may be limited because BCSR imposes an alignment of the matrix non-zeros that leads to extra work from filled-in zeros. Combining splitting with UBCSR reduces this extra work while retaining the generally lower memory bandwidth requirements and register-level tiling opportunities of BCSR. We show speedups can be as high as 2.1 x over no blocking, and as high as 1.8 x over BCSR as used in prior work on a set of application matrices. Even when performance does not improve significantly, split UBCSR usually reduces matrix storage. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Vuduc, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM richie@llnl.gov; hjmoon@cs.ucla.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; OI Vuduc, Richard/0000-0003-2178-138X NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29031-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3726 BP 807 EP 816 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BDH97 UT WOS:000233593200088 ER PT S AU Drummond, LA Hernandez, V Marques, O Roman, JE Vidal, V AF Drummond, LA Hernandez, V Marques, O Roman, JE Vidal, V BE Dayde, M Dongarra, JJ Hernandez, V Palma, JML TI A survey of high-quality computational libraries and their impact in science and engineering applications SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2004 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science (VECPAR 2005) CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Univ Porto, Univ Politecn Valencia, FEUP, GVA AB Recently, a number of important scientific and engineering problems have been successfully studied and solved by means of computational modeling and simulation. Many of these computational models and simulations benefited from the use of available software tools and libraries to achieve high performance and portability. In this article, we present a reference matrix of the performance of robust, reliable and widely used tools mapped to scientific and engineering applications that use them. We aim at regularly maintaining and disseminating this matrix to the computational science community. This matrix will contain information on state-of-the-art computational tools, their applications and their use. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Politecn Valencia, DSIC, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. RP Drummond, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ladrummond@lbl.gov; vhernand@dsic.upv.es; oamarques@lbl.gov; jroman@dsic.upv.es; vvidal@dsic.upv.es; vhernand@dsic.upv.es RI Vidal, Vicente/L-6264-2014; OI Vidal, Vicente/0000-0002-2384-7015; Roman, Jose E./0000-0003-1144-6772 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25424-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3402 BP 37 EP 50 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO60 UT WOS:000230426000004 ER PT S AU Oliker, L Biswas, R Borrill, J Canning, A Carter, J Djomehri, MJ Shan, HZ Skinner, D AF Oliker, L Biswas, R Borrill, J Canning, A Carter, J Djomehri, MJ Shan, HZ Skinner, D BE Dayde, M Dongarra, JJ Hernandez, V Palma, JML TI A performance evaluation of the Cray X1 for scientific applications SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2004 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science (VECPAR 2005) CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Univ Porto, Univ Politecn Valencia, FEUP, GVA AB The last decade has witnessed a rapid proliferation of superscalar cache-based microprocessors to build high-end capability and capacity computers primarily because of their generality, scalability, and cost effectiveness. However, the recent development of massively parallel vector systems is having a significant effect on the supercomputing landscape. In this paper, we compare the performance of the recently-released Cray X1 vector system with that of the cacheless NEC SX-6 vector machine, and the superscalar cache-based IBM Power3 and Power4 architectures for scientific applications. Overall results demonstrate that the XI is quite promising, but performance improvements are expected as the hardware, systems software, and numerical libraries mature. Code reengineering to effectively utilize the complex architecture may also lead to significant efficiency enhancements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NAS Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Oliker, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM loliker@lbl.gov; rbiswas@nas.nasa.gov; jdborril@lbl.gov; acanning@lbl.gov; jtcarter@lbl.gov; djomehri@nas.nasa.gov; hshan@lbl.gov; deskinner@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25424-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3402 BP 51 EP 65 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO60 UT WOS:000230426000005 ER PT S AU Iancu, C Husbands, P Chen, W AF Iancu, C Husbands, P Chen, W BE Dayde, M Dongarra, JJ Hernandez, V Palma, JML TI Message strip-mining heuristics for high speed networks SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2004 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science (VECPAR 2005) CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Univ Porto, Univ Politecn Valencia, FEUP, GVA AB In this work we investigate how the compiler technique of message strip-mining performs in practice on contemporary high performance networks. Message strip-mining attempts to reduce the overall cost of communication in parallel programs by breaking up large message transfers into smaller ones that can be overlapped with computation. In practice, however, network resource constraints may negate the expected performance gains. By deriving a performance model and synthetic benchmarks we determine how network and application characteristics influence the applicability of this optimization. We use these findings to determine heuristics to follow when performing this optimization on parallel programs. We propose strip-mining with variable block size as an alternative strategy that performs almost as well as a highly tuned fixed block strategy and has the advantage of being performance portable across systems and application input sets. We evaluate both techniques using synthetic benchmarks and an application from the NAS Parallel Benchmark suite. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Iancu, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cciancu@lbl.gov; pjrhusbands@lbl.gov; wychen@cs.berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25424-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3402 BP 424 EP 437 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO60 UT WOS:000230426000033 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, S Nieplocha, J Sadayappan, P AF Krishnamoorthy, S Nieplocha, J Sadayappan, P BE Bader, DA Parashar, M Sridhar, V Prasanna, VK TI Data and computation abstractions for dynamic and irregular computations SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING - HIPC 2005, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC 2005) CY DEC 18-21, 2005 CL Goa, INDIA AB Effective data distribution and parallelization of computations involving irregular data structures is a challenging task. We address the twin-problems in the context of computations involving block-sparse matrices. The programming model provides a global view of a distributed block-sparse matrix. Abstractions are provided for the user to express the parallel tasks in the computation. The tasks are mapped onto processors to ensure load balance and locality. The abstractions are based on the Aggregate Remote Memory Copy Interface, and are interoperable with the Global Arrays programming suite and MPI. Results are presented that demonstrate the utility of the approach. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM krishnsr@cse.ohio-state.edu; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-30936-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3769 BP 258 EP 269 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDW21 UT WOS:000235801700029 ER PT B AU Chhabildas, LC Knudson, MD AF Chhabildas, LC Knudson, MD BE Chhabildas, LC Davison, L Horie, Y TI Techniques to launch projectile plates to very high velocities SO HIGH- PRESSURE SHOCK COMPRESSION OF SOLIDS VIII: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH-VELOCITY IMPACT SE HIGH-PRESSURE SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Meeting of the Aeroballistic-Range-Association CT Meeting of the GVC/DECHEMA Special Committee on Process and Equipment Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CY NOV 02-04, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM CL Weimar, GERMANY SP Aeroballist Range Assoc SP GVC, DECHEMA ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; SANDIA Z-ACCELERATOR; ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; IMPACT VELOCITIES; SOLID DEUTERIUM; FLIER PLATES; FLYER PLATES; ALUMINUM; HUGONIOT C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Solid Dynam & Energet Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chhabildas, LC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solid Dynam & Energet Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lcchhab@sandia.gov; mdknuds@sandia.gov; lcchhab@sandia.gov NR 113 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-22866-7 J9 HIGH PR SH PY 2005 BP 143 EP 199 DI 10.1007/3-540-27168-6_4 PG 57 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BBR74 UT WOS:000227471400004 ER PT B AU Katoh, Y Nozawa, T Lowden, RA Hinoki, T Kohyama, A Yang, W AF Katoh, Y Nozawa, T Lowden, RA Hinoki, T Kohyama, A Yang, W BE Singh, M Kerans, RJ LaraCurzio, E Naslain, R TI Fast fracture properties of thin interphase silicon carbide composites SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Models - Third Dimension of Science CY SEP 16, 2003 CL Munich, GERMANY ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; FIBERS AB The applicability of very thin pyrolytic carbon (PyC) interphase between fibers and matrices in silicon carbide (SiC) fiber-reinforced, chemically vapor-infiltrated SiC matrix composites was studied based on previous investigations on the effect of interphase thickness on fast fracture properties. It appears that the mechanical properties of near-stoichiometric high-crystallinity SiC fiber composites are not subject to strong interphase thickness effect, which has been reported for non-stoichiometric SiC fiber composites. This difference was discussed from the viewpoints of thermal residual stress, process-induced damages, fiber surface features, and interfacial bonding and friction. A preliminary conclusion is drawn that a thin PyC interphase, as low as similar to 25nm, will be generally beneficial for both fast fracture and lifetime limiting properties in stoichiometric SiC-based composites. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 1-57498-219-2 PY 2005 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBR96 UT WOS:000227494006027 ER PT S AU Maiorov, B Wang, H Arendt, PN Foltyn, SR Civale, L AF Maiorov, B Wang, H Arendt, PN Foltyn, SR Civale, L BE Paranthaman, MP Barnes, PN Holzpfel, B Yamada, Y Matsumoto, K Yau, JKF TI Improving flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors by changing the buffer layer deposition conditions SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; Y1BA2CU3O7-DELTA; TRANSPORT AB We present a comparative study of the flux pinning properties of YBa2CU3O7 films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on polycrystalline metal substrates with a biaxially oriented MgO template produced by ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD), varying the deposition temperature (T-STO) for the SrTiO3 buffer layer. We find that when T-STO = T*(STO) = 820degreesC, the critical current density at self-field (J(c)(sf)) is maximized and the surface roughness minimized. On the contrary, in-field critical current density (J(c)) measurements show that at high fields, samples with T-STO < T*(STO) present higher J(c). Angular-dependent J(c) measurements show that this improvement is due to the presence of additional extended parallel defects (in particular, thread dislocations), which produce a peak in J(c) centered in the c-axis direction. We use the field dependence of the height and the width of this peak to compare the density of the correlated defects in samples prepared with different T-STO. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maiorov, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-181-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 160 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP67 UT WOS:000226903500001 ER PT S AU Shankar, PS Majumdar, SH Majumdar, S Singh, JP AF Shankar, PS Majumdar, SH Majumdar, S Singh, JP BE Paranthaman, MP Barnes, PN Holzpfel, B Yamada, Y Matsumoto, K Yau, JKF TI Finite element modeling of residual stresses in multilayered coated conductors SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; ANISOTROPY; TAPES AB Finite element analysis (FEA) of a multilayered YBa2Cu3O7-x, (YBCO)-coated conductor has been performed to assess the applicability of Stoney's equation (which can be used to estimate the stress in a single layer of thin film on a substrate) for residual stress evaluation in multilayered systems. The analysis considered thermal and elastic interactions between the individual layers of the conductor to compute the residual stresses in the layers of the coated conductor. In addition, the changes in substrate curvature that are a result-of the deposition of individual layers were also computed, and subsequently these computed curvature changes were used in Stoney's equation to calculate the residual stresses in the various layers of the conductor. The residual stresses thus estimated by Stoney's equation were observed to be in good agreement with those directly computed by FEA, suggesting that Stoney's equation can be used to estimate residual stresses in the various layers of multilayered systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-181-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 160 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP67 UT WOS:000226903500003 ER PT S AU Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Beach, D Heatherly, L Goyal, A Payzant, EA Salama, K AF Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Beach, D Heatherly, L Goyal, A Payzant, EA Salama, K BE Paranthaman, MP Barnes, PN Holzpfel, B Yamada, Y Matsumoto, K Yau, JKF TI Epitaxial growth of Eu3NbO7, buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; COATED CONDUCTORS; FABRICATION AB Epitaxial film of Eu3NbO7 was deposited on biaxially textured nickel-3 at.% tungsten (Ni-W) substrates by using sol-gel processing. Precursor solution of 0.50 M concentration of total cation was spin coated on short samples of Ni-W substrates and films were crystallized at 1050degreesT in a gas mixture of Ar4%H-2 for 15 minutes. High temperature in situ x-ray diffraction (HTXRD) studies show that-the nucleation of Eu3NbO7 films starts at 800 degreesC. theta/2theta x-ray diffractograms revealed only (004) reflections, indicating a high degree of out-of-plane texture. Detailed X-Ray studies indicate that Eu3NbO7 films has good out-of-plane and in-plane textures with full.-widthhalf-maximum values of 6.8degrees and 8.21degrees, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the films were smooth, continuous, and free of pin holes. Efforts are under way to grow YBCO films on sol-gel derived Eu3NbO7 buffer layers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bhuiyan, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-181-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 160 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP67 UT WOS:000226903500005 ER PT S AU Bhattacharya, R Spagnol, P AF Bhattacharya, R Spagnol, P BE Paranthaman, MP Barnes, PN Holzpfel, B Yamada, Y Matsumoto, K Yau, JKF TI Electrodeposited biaxially textured NI-W layer SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CONDUCTORS AB Nonvacuum electrodeposition was used to prepare biaxially textured Ni-W coatings on Cu substrates. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (including theta/2theta, pole figures, omega scans, and phi scans) and atomic force microscopy. Pole-figure scans show that electrodeposited Ni-W on textured Cu substrate is cube textured. Full-width at half-maximum values of the to scan and phi scan of the electrodeposited Ni-W layers were comparable to the Cu base substrates, indicating good biaxial texturing. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-181-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 160 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP67 UT WOS:000226903500007 ER PT S AU West, MJ Cote, P Ferguson, HC Gregg, MD Jordan, A Marzke, RO Tanvir, NR von Hippel, T AF West, Michael J. Cote, Patrick Ferguson, Henry C. Gregg, Michael D. Jordan, Andres Marzke, Ronald O. Tanvir, Nial R. von Hippel, Ted BE Engvold, O TI Intergalactic globular clusters SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB We confirm and extend our previous detection of a population of intergalactic globular clusters in Abell 1185, and report the first discovery of an intergalactic globular cluster in the nearby Virgo cluster of galaxies. The numbers, colors and luminosities of these objects can place constraints on their origin, which in turn may yield new insights to the evolution of galaxies in dense environments. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP West, MJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 175 EP 176 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700058 ER PT S AU Cook, KH AF Cook, Kem H. BE Engvold, O TI Binary star research using the MACHO database SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cook, KH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 450 EP 450 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700124 ER PT S AU Liedahl, DA AF Liedahl, Duane A. BE Engvold, O TI Iron Ka spectra from an atomic modeling perspective SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID XVIII-FE-XXV; RAY; TRANSITIONS; REFLECTION; PLASMAS AB In order to upgrade the diagnostic capability associated with Fe K alpha spectra, we have calculated detailed atomic models that include the effects of inner-shell photoionization, autoionization, collisional excitation at relatively high particle number densities, and photoexcitation in plasmas with high X-ray and/or UV energy densities. I discuss some of the potential uses of these models in the context of compact X-ray sources. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Liedahl, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, POB 808,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 630 EP 632 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700176 ER PT S AU Beiersdorfer, P Chen, H Boyce, KR Brown, GV Kelley, RL Porter, FS Stahle, CK Lepson, JK Jernigan, JG Wargelin, BJ Kahn, SM AF Beiersdorfer, P. Chen, H. Boyce, K. R. Brown, G. V. Kelley, R. L. Porter, F. S. Stahle, C. K. Lepson, J. K. Jernigan, J. G. Wargelin, B. J. Kahn, S. M. BE Engvold, O TI New results in laboratory X-ray astrophysics SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS; BEAM ION-TRAP; FE-XXV; HELIUM-LIKE; CROSS-SECTIONS; LINE EMISSION; ELECTRON-BEAM; RELATIVE INTENSITY; TRANSITIONS; SPECTRUM AB A multi-faceted, multi-institutional laboratory astrophysics program is carried out at the Livermore electron beam ion trap facility, which is a mature spectroscopic source with unsurpassed controls and capabilities, and an unparalleled assortment of spectroscopic equipment, including a full complement of grating and crystal spectrometers and a 6x6 micro-calorimeter array. Recent results range from the calibration of x-ray diagnostics, including the Fe XVII and Fe XXV emission lines, extensive lists of L-shell ions, the first laboratory simulation and fit of a cometary x-ray emission spectrum, and the discovery of new spectral diagnostics for measuring magnetic field strengths. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 633 EP 639 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700177 ER PT S AU Smith, RK Brickhouse, NS Liedahl, DA AF Smith, Randall K. Brickhouse, Nancy S. Liedahl, Duane A. BE Engvold, O TI The astrophysical plasma emission database: Progress and plans SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID SPECTRA; IONS AB The Astrophysical Plasma Emission Database (APED) contains atomic data for the 14 most abundant astrophysical elements, collected from the literature. Although APED was originally designed for use in calculating a collisional-equilibrium X-ray spectrum suitable for analysis of high-resolution data, it is in a general format which can be efficiently used to calculate absorption spectra, photoionization models, and non-equilibrium collisional models. We emphasize original sources; each transition, rate, and energy level in APED contains a bibliographic reference. The APED can be downloaded from http://cxc.harvard.edu/atomdb/ ,or our website WebGUIDE (http://obsvis.harvard.edu/WebGUIDE/) can be used to search for individual lines or transitions. We are continually working to expand APED (current version 1.3.1) and regularly issue updated collections. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 666 EP 667 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700185 ER PT B AU Shyamala, G AF Shyamala, G BE Li, JJ Li, SA LlombartBosch, A TI Role of progesterone receptors in mammary development and carcinogenesis SO HORMONAL CARCINOGENESIS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Hormonal Carcinogenesis CY 2003 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Fund Inst Valenciano Oncol, Off Sci & Culture Valenc Comm, GlaxoSmithKline, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Natl Inst Envirnm Hlth Sci, Off Res Woman Hlth, Wyeth-Ayerst ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; BREAST-CANCER; GENE-EXPRESSION; A-FORM; GLANDS; LOCALIZATION; REGIMENS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shyamala, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23783-6 PY 2005 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1007/0-387-23761-5_6 PG 8 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BBN63 UT WOS:000226284100006 ER PT B AU Brightwell, R Pedretti, K Underwood, KD AF Brightwell, R Pedretti, K Underwood, KD GP IEEE Computer Society TI Initial performance evaluation of the cray SeaStar interconnect SO HOT INTERCONNECTS 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on High Performance Interconnects CY AUG 17-19, 2005 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Xilinx, Intel, GlobalVelocity HO Stanford Univ AB The Cray SeaStar is a new network interface and router for the Cray Red Storm and XT3 supercomputer The SeaStar was designed specifically to meet the performance and reliability needs of a large-scale, distributed-memory scientific computing platform. In this paper we present an initial performance evaluation of the SeaStar We first provide a detailed overview of the hardware and software features of the SeaStar followed by the results of several low level micro-benchmarks. These initial results indicate that SeaStar is on a path to achieving its performance targets. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2449-4 PY 2005 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCX71 UT WOS:000231786700006 ER PT B AU Feng, W Balaji, P Baron, C Bhuyan, LN Panda, DK AF Feng, W Balaji, P Baron, C Bhuyan, LN Panda, DK GP IEEE Computer Society TI Performance characterization of a 10-gigabit Ethernet TOE SO HOT INTERCONNECTS 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on High Performance Interconnects CY AUG 17-19, 2005 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Xilinx, Intel, GlobalVelocity HO Stanford Univ AB Though traditional Ethernet based network architectures such as Gigabit Ethernet have suffered from a huge performance difference as compared to other high performance networks (e.g, InfiniBand, Quadrics, Myrinet), Ethernet has continued to be the most widely used network architecture today. This trend is mainly attributed to the low cost of the network components and their backward compatibility with the existing Ethernet infrastructure. With the advent of 10-Gigabit Ethernet and TCP Offload Engines (TOEs), whether this performance gap be bridged is an open question. In this paper, we present a detailed performance evaluation of the Chelsio T110 10-Gigabit Ethernet adapter with TOE. We have done performance evaluations in three broad categories: (i) detailed micro-benchmark performance evaluation at the sockets layer, (ii) performance evaluation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) stack atop the sockets interface, and (iii) application-level evaluations using the Apache web server. Our experimental results demonstrate latency as low as 8.9 mu s and throughput of nearly 7.6 Gbps for these adapters. Further, we see an order-of-magnitude improvement in the performance of the Apache web server while utilizing the TOE as compared to the basic 10-Gigabit Ethernet adapter without TOE. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Feng, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2449-4 PY 2005 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCX71 UT WOS:000231786700007 ER PT B AU Vallee, G Berthou, JY Prisker, H Leprince, D AF Vallee, G Berthou, JY Prisker, H Leprince, D GP IEEE Computer Society TI OSCAR on Debian: the EDF experience SO HPCS 2005: 19th International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications CY MAY 15-18, 2005 CL Univ Guelp, Guelph, CANADA SP C3 ca Assoc, SUN Microsyst Canada, IBM Canada, SGI Canada, HP Canada, NORTEL, ORION, Cray Inc, FORCE 10 Networks, Platform Comp, Audcomp Comp Syst, HECMS, ACEnet, SHARCNET HO Univ Guelp AB Linux clusters are now an interesting solution to execute numerical simulations. But cluster use implies problems of deployment, because of their distributed architecture. In the past, each company developed his own solution based on various tools. Today, software suites like OSCAR are available and can be freely used. But such solutions may not be adapted to the current computing architecture of companies. For example, the current solution deployed inside a company may be based on a Linux distribution not supported by a software suite like OSCAR. Nevertheless, the use of a software suite like OSCAR is very interesting for companies that are not specialized in cluster management. This paper presents the OSCAR port to the Debian distribution in the context of the numerical simulation platform deployed at Electricite de France (Electricity of France). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, EDF, INRIA, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vallee, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, EDF, INRIA, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2343-9 PY 2005 BP 312 EP 318 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCL09 UT WOS:000229821700044 ER PT B AU Vallee, G Scott, SL Morin, C Berthou, JY Prisker, H AF Vallee, G Scott, SL Morin, C Berthou, JY Prisker, H GP IEEE Computer Society TI SSI-OSCAR: a cluster distribution for high performance computing using a single system image SO HPCS 2005: 19th International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications CY MAY 15-18, 2005 CL Univ Guelp, Guelph, CANADA SP C3 ca Assoc, SUN Microsyst Canada, IBM Canada, SGI Canada, HP Canada, NORTEL, ORION, Cray Inc, FORCE 10 Networks, Platform Comp, Audcomp Comp Syst, HECMS, ACEnet, SHARCNET HO Univ Guelp AB The ease use and management of clusters needs tools to install, update and transparently manage distributed clusters resources. The management of clusters (node installations and updates) is a well-known problem and some high performance computing specific distributions are available today. These distributions, like OSCAR, allow users to install and manage clusters without specialized knowledge, allowing quick cluster deployment. The ease use of cluster is possible globally and transparently managing cluster resources. Single System Image (SSI) has this approach and some projects provide a SSI for Linux clusters. But today, there is no solution combining these two advantages: integration of a SSI and a distribution for high performance computing on Linux clusters. This paper presents SSI-OSCAR which aims at providing such a solution, combining OSCAR and the Kerrighed SSI. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, INRIA, EDF, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vallee, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, INRIA, EDF, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2343-9 PY 2005 BP 319 EP 325 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCL09 UT WOS:000229821700045 ER PT B AU Mugler, J Naughton, T Scott, SL AF Mugler, J Naughton, T Scott, SL GP IEEE Computer Society TI OSCAR meta-package system SO HPCS 2005: 19th International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications CY MAY 15-18, 2005 CL Univ Guelp, Guelph, CANADA SP C3 ca Assoc, SUN Microsyst Canada, IBM Canada, SGI Canada, HP Canada, NORTEL, ORION, Cray Inc, FORCE 10 Networks, Platform Comp, Audcomp Comp Syst, HECMS, ACEnet, SHARCNET HO Univ Guelp AB The deployment and management of software is an ongoing challenge for cluster systems administrators. The Open Source Cluster Application Resources (OSCAR) toolkit is designed to assist both novice and experienced administrators with cluster administration. The toolkit includes a meta-packaging system to help with cluster software distribution and installation. These meta-packages are called OSCAR Packages. An OSCAR Package may include binary software packages (e.g., RPMS) as well as a stock configuration, tests and documentation. This encapsulation enables OSCAR to better manage cluster software and allows users to select which pieces they would like to use. The modularity of the OSCAR Packages has enabled the project to start new "spin off" projects that leverage the base toolkit and extend the functionality by adding new packages. As OSCAR has matured, new Linux distributions and cluster applications have been introduced. The extensibility of OSCAR via this modular meta-packaging system has been a major asset-However, certain limitations do exist. Since, a large part of the project's success is dependent upon contributions by others, the quality of this packaging system is of paramount importance to OSCAR. This paper will provide a brief survey of the current v4.0 OSCAR meta-packaging system and then outline some of the proposed enhancements that are currently on the project's road-map. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mugler, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2343-9 PY 2005 BP 353 EP 360 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCL09 UT WOS:000229821700050 ER PT B AU Boeheim, C Gowdy, SJ Hanushevsky, A Leith, D Melen, R Mount, R Pulliam, T Weeks, B AF Boeheim, Chuck Gowdy, Stephen J. Hanushevsky, Andy Leith, David Melen, Randy Mount, Richard Pulliam, Teela Weeks, Bill GP IEEE TI PetaCache: A memory-based data-server system SO HPDC-15: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE France Sect, INRIA, MICROSOFT, Core Grid, Google, EADS, IBM, SUN Microsyst, intel, ACI GRID, iledeFRANCE AB Scientific advances depend increasingly on agility in the analysis of data, along with access to massive computation. The PetaCache project addresses the data-access issue by recognizing that the future for intense, non-sequential, data access must be based on low latency solid-state storage. The PetaCache architecture aims at a minimum unit cost, highly scalable hardware and software approach that can take advantage of existing and emerging solid-state storage technologies providing data-access latencies in the range 10 - 100 microseconds. A prototype system has been constructed as a cluster of 64 nodes hosting a total of one terabyte of memory. Client processors retrieve data from the dataserver nodes over a switched Ethernet infrastructure using SLACs xrootd data-server software. The system is in use for performance testing, optimization and trial deployments for scientific data analysis. It also provides an excellent platform for testing new data access paradigms. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Boeheim, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM boeheim@slac.stanford.edu; gowdy@slac.stanford.edu; abh@slac.stanford.edu; leith@slac.stanford.edu; randym@slac.stanford.edu; rmount@slac.stanford.edu; teela@slac.stanford.edu; wcw@slac.stanford.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0307-3 PY 2005 BP 349 EP 350 DI 10.1007/3-540-26589-9_32 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BER55 UT WOS:000239086500040 ER PT B AU Aichlmayr, HT Kulacki, FA AF Aichlmayr, H. T. Kulacki, F. A. GP ASME TI On the effective thermal conductivity of saturated porous media SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME ID MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS; HEAT-CONDUCTION; METAL POWDERS AB Carefully quantified effective thermal conductivity measurements of saturated porous systems are reported. Solid-fluid Systems considered include glass-water, glass-air, steel-water, and steel-air. These systems yield solid-fluid conductivity ratios of 1.08, 25.7, 102, and 2400, respectively. The solid phases consist of 3.96 mm glass spheres and 14 mm steel ball hearings, which give mean porosities of 0.365 and 0.403. The experimental method is based on the transient heating of a semi-infinite cylinder by a constant heat flux at the boundary. The data reduction technique is unique because it avoids determining the effective thermal diffusivity and quantifying the boundary heat flux. In addition, particular attention is paid to assessing experimental uncertainty. Consequently, this study provides data with a degree of precision not typically found the literature. A complete accounting of energy storage and transport in the transient system is conducted to complement the uncertainty analysis. A thorough literature review is also presented to facilitate a critique of the experimental results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aichlmayr, HT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4731-4 PY 2005 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72144 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN92 UT WOS:000243378100036 ER PT B AU Brown, AL AF Brown, Alexander L. GP ASME TI Parametric sensitivity of predicted fuel fire in a building SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME AB The ability of current modeling and simulation tools to accurately predict a building fire of practical size and duration is at issue. Modeling is challenged by computational cost, fidelity of assumed physics, and correct knowledge of initial and boundary conditions. A series of simulations has been conducted to compare with experiments for a fuel fire in a facility. The purpose of the study was to understand the importance of simulation parameters. The test geometry is sufficiently large and the fire of long enough duration to present a challenge to model in detail. Several computational parameters have been varied at magnitudes consistent with the uncertainty in the parameter to determine the parametric sensitivities. The predicted heat flux inside the facility was sensitive to varying degrees to the parameters selected for the study, with those related to the fuel source being the most important physical parameters. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4731-4 PY 2005 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72812 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN92 UT WOS:000243378100087 ER PT B AU Tieszen, SR AF Tieszen, Sheldon R. GP ASME TI Comparison of simulation and experiment for soot concentration in a 2M diameter JP-8 fire SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME DE soot; pool fires; validation AB A comparison is made between numerical simulations and experimental data for soot and water vapor concentration in a JP-8 fire. Soot concentration depends on soot generated/destroyed per unit flame area (subgrid soot model) and the overall flame area per unit volume (turbulence treatment). Two different turbulence treatments, a steady RANS variant and an unsteady LES variant, are used to determine the effect of overall flame area per unit volume. The results indicate that the difference in the two turbulence treatments is greater than the difference between the data and either approach. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Fire Sci & Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tieszen, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fire Sci & Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4731-4 PY 2005 BP 747 EP 750 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72809 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN92 UT WOS:000243378100095 ER PT B AU Carrington, DB Mousseau, VA AF Carrington, David B. Mousseau, Vincent A. GP ASME TI Preconditioning and solver optimization ideas for radiative transfer SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME DE radiation transport; radiative transfer; radiation diffusion; parallel solver; preconditioning; multigrid; fuzzy controller AB In this paper, radiative transfer and time-dependent transport of radiation energy in participating media are modeled using a first-order spherical harmonics method (P-1) and radiation diffusion. Partial differential equations for P-1 and radiation diffusion are discretized by a variational form of the equations using support operators. Choices made in the discretization result in a symmetric positive definite (SPD) system of linear equations. Modeling multidimensional domains with complex geometries requires a very large system of linear equations with 10s of millions of elements. The computational domain is decomposed into a large number of subdomains that are solved on separate processors resulting in a massively parallel application. The linear system of equations is solved with a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Various preconditioning techniques are compared in this study. Simple preconditioning techniques include: diagonal scaling, Symmetric Successive Over Relaxation (SSOR), and block Jacobi with SSOR as the block solver. Also, a two-grid multigrid-V-cycle method with aggressive coarsening is explored for use in the problems presented. Results show that depending on the test problem, simple preconditioners are effective, but the more complicated preconditioners such as an algebraic multigrid or the geometric multigrid are most efficient, particularly for larger problems and longer simulations. Optimal preconditioning varies depending on the problem and on how the physical processes evolve in time. For the in situ preconditioning techniques-SSOR and block Jacobi-a fuzzy controller can determine the optimal reconditioning process. Discussions of the current knowledge-based controller, an optimization search algorithm, are presented. Discussions of how this search algorithm can be incorporated into the development of data-driven controller incorporating clustering and subsequent construction of the fuzzy model from partitions are also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carrington, DB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4731-4 PY 2005 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72040 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN92 UT WOS:000243378100101 ER PT B AU Siahpush, AS O'Brien, JE Williams, B AF Siahpush, A. S. O'Brien, J. E. Williams, B. GP ASME TI Heat transfer performance of a porous metal foam/phase change material system, part 1: Freezing SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME DE freezing; porous material; thermal storage; and thermal conductivity ID PHASE-CHANGE; MEDIA AB A detailed experimental study has been performed to evaluate the heat transfer performance of a solid/liquid phase-change thermal energy storage system that includes porous metal foam. The phase-change material (PCM) and metal foam were contained in a vertically oriented test cylinder that is cooled at its outside boundary, resulting in radially inward freezing. As the PCM freezes, the solid/liquid interface moves inward from the surface of the test cylinder, and a thermal resistance layer is built up, resulting in a reduced heat transfer rate between the system to be cooled and the PCM. The porous material used in this research was intended to minimize the insulating effect of this thermal resistance layer. In the freezing case study, a one-dimensional mathematical model was developed, which considered heat conduction as the only mode of heat transfer. The effective thermal conductivity of the porous media saturated with solid eicosane was predicted utilizing several models and compared with the measured effective thermal conductivity. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of the metal foam as a heat transfer enhancement device. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Siahpush, AS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4732-2 PY 2005 BP 357 EP 369 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72029 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN94 UT WOS:000243379100042 ER PT B AU McIlroy, HM Budwig, RS McEligot, DM AF McIlroy, Hugh M., Jr. Budwig, Ralph S. McEligot, Donald M. GP ASME TI The effect of a small patch of realistic surface roughness on the boundary layer of an accelerating flow over a flat plate model with elevated freestream turbulence SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; THERMAL STRUCTURES; HEAT-TRANSFER; INTERMITTENT FLOW; TRANSITION; QUANTITIES; INDEX AB Results are presented of extensive boundary layer measurements taken over a flat, smooth plate model representing the features of the front one-third of a turbine blade and over the model with a small embedded strip of realistic rough surface. The model included elevated freestream turbulence and an accelerating freestream in order to simulate conditions on the suction side of a rotor blade in the first stage of a high-pressure turbine; however, the study was limited by the relatively small size of the patch of realistic surface roughness. The realistic rough surface was developed by scaling actual turbine blade surface data provided by U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The results indicate that bypass transition occurred very early in the flow over the model and that the boundary layer remained unstable (transitional) throughout the entire length of the test plate. Results from the rough patch study indicate the boundary layer thickness and momentum thickness Reynolds numbers increased over the rough patch and the shape factor increased over the rough patch but then decreased downstream of the patch. It was also found that flow downstream of the patch experienced a gradual re-transition to laminar-like behavior but in less time and distance than in the smooth plate case. Additionally, the rough patch caused a significant increase in streamwise turbulence intensity and normal turbulence intensity over the rough patch and downstream of the patch. The skin friction coefficient over the rough patch increased by nearly 2.5 times the smooth plate value. Finally, the rough patch caused the Reynolds shear stresses to increase in the region close the plate surface. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McIlroy, HM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4733-0 PY 2005 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72436 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mathematics GA BFN96 UT WOS:000243379500008 ER PT B AU Backhaus, S Swift, GW AF Backhaus, S. Swift, G. W. GP ASME TI Heat transfer with thermoacoustic self-circulating heat exchangers SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME ID ENGINE AB An asymmetrical constriction in a pipe functions as an imperfect gas diode for acoustic oscillations of gas in the pipe. One or more gas diodes in a loop of pipe create substantial steady flow, which can carry substantial heat between a remote heat exchanger and a thermoacoustic or Stirling engine or refrigerator; the loop's flow is driven directly by the oscillations in the engine or refrigerator itself. This invention gives Stirling and thermoacoustic devices unprecedented flexibility, and may lead to Stirling engines of unprecedented power. We have built two of these self-circulating heat exchangers, one for fundamental tests and the other as a demonstration of practical levels of heat transfer. Measurements of flow and heat transfer are in factor-of-two agreement with either of two simple calculation methods. One calculation method treats the oscillating and steady flows as independent and simply superimposed, except in the gas diodes. The other method accounts for the interaction between the oscillating and steady flow with the quasi-steady approximation. The mutual influence of superimposed turbulent oscillating and steady flows is a theoretical challenge. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Backhaus, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4733-0 PY 2005 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72563 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mathematics GA BFN96 UT WOS:000243379500098 ER PT B AU Hawkes, G O'Brien, J Stoots, C Herring, S Shahnam, M AF Hawkes, Grant O'Brien, Jim Stoots, Carl Herring, Steve Shahnam, Mehrdad GP ASME TI Thermal and electrochemical three dimensional cfd model of a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME AB A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been created to model high-temperature steam electrolysis in a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). The model represents a single cell, as it would exist in an electrolysis stack. Details of the model geometry are specific to a stack that was fabricated by Ceramatec(1), Inc. and tested at the Idaho National Laboratory. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT 2. A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the SOEC mode. Model results provide detailed profiles of temperature, Nernst potential, operating potential, anode-side gas composition, cathode-side gas composition, current density and hydrogen production over a range of stack operating conditions. Mean model results are shown to compare favorably with experimental results obtained from an actual ten-cell stack tested at INL. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Hawkes, G (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. OI Hawkes, Grant/0000-0003-3496-8100 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4734-9 PY 2005 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72565 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN98 UT WOS:000243380100004 ER PT B AU Larsen, ME AF Larsen, Marvin E. GP ASME TI Use of contact resistance algorithm to implement jump boundary conditions for the radiation diffusion approximation SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME AB Thermal conduction codes can be used as solvers for the diffusion approximation for radiation heat transfer. Energy fluxes and temperature distributions that result from thermal radiation in an optically-thick participating medium can be estimated. Allowing dependence on temperatures from either side of the interface, a contact resistance algorithm can be used to implement "jump" (or slip) boundary conditions appropriate for the diffusion approximation in solving the radiation transfer equation. For steady, pure radiation (no conduction) systems analytical expressions exist to specify the temperature in the radiating medium at the wall as a function of the wall temperature, wall emissivity, and extinction coefficient. Radiation and conduction solutions for gray, absorbing/emitting and conducting media bound by diffuse surfaces for the simple case of the steady planar layer are considered. Reference solutions are developed by detailed zone-methods solving the coupled differential forms of both the radiation and conduction heat transfer equations. From the reference solutions, empirical relations are developed for surface resistance as functions of the local wall and adjacent media temperatures, the wall emissivity, the absorptivity, and the thermal conductivity of the medium. Performance of the approximate solution is compared to the reference solutions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Larsen, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4734-9 PY 2005 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72561 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN98 UT WOS:000243380100028 ER PT B AU Bernardin, JD AF Bernardin, John D. GP ASME TI The performance of methanol and water heat pipes for electronics cooling applications in spacecraft instrumentation SO HT2005: Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference 2005, Vol 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME AB Increases in the power density of electronics and the corresponding decreases in packaging space have driven the development and enhancement of numerous electronics cooling strategies. The design of cooling systems for electronics are particularly challenging in spacecraft environments where there exists the additional requirements of minimal mass and volume, high reliability, reduced complexity and number of moving parts, and ability to operate in a reduced or gravity-free environment. One cooling technique that has proven to satisfy these demanding and integrated requirements for spacecraft electronics cooling applications, involves the use of heat pipes. The heat pipe is a passive heat transport device that requires no moving parts, is highly compact and reliable, and is an efficient mover of thermal energy in reduced gravity environments. Despite all of these positive features, heat pipes do have limitations and functional characteristics that designers must be keenly aware of when incorporating them into the development of electronic cooling systems. These include, in part, limits on the heat transport capacity and operational temperature, as well as performance variations between seemingly identical heat pipes due to contamination or manufacturing flaws. This paper discusses thermal analyses and performance testing of commercial copper heat pipes that utilize a sintered copper wick with either methanol or water as the working fluid. First, the electronic cooling application, thermal operating requirements, and commercial heat pipe designs are introduced. Next, the models and analyses used to predict the heat transport limits for the heat pipes are discussed. Following this, the experimental apparatus and procedures used to characterize the thermal performance of the heat pipes are presented. Finally, with the aid of empirical data, assessments of the thermal performance of each heat pipe, the range of performance variation between heat pipes, as well as the applicability and accuracy of the analytical performance models are provided. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Appl Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bernardin, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Appl Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4734-9 PY 2005 BP 669 EP 679 DI 10.1115/HT2005-72057 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BFN98 UT WOS:000243380100080 ER PT J AU Jun, SC Pearlmutter, BA AF Jun, SC Pearlmutter, BA TI Fast robust subject-independent magnetoencephalographic source localization using an artificial neural network SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE magnetoencephalography; source localization; multilayer perceptron; dipole analysis ID BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION; EEG SOURCE LOCALIZATION; HUMAN SKULL PHANTOM; COMPONENT ANALYSIS; DIPOLE LOCALIZATION; HEAD MODELS; HUMAN BRAIN; MEG; ARTIFACTS; IDENTIFICATION AB We describe a system that localizes a single dipole to reasonable accuracy from noisy magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements in real time. At its core is a multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained to map sensor signals and head position to dipole location. Including head position overcomes the previous need to retrain the MLP for each subject and session. The training dataset was generated by mapping randomly chosen dipoles and head positions through an analytic model and adding noise from real MEG recordings. After training, a localization took 0.7 ms with an average error of 0.90 cm. A few iterations of a Levenberg-Marquardt routine using the MLP output as its initial guess took 15 ms and improved accuracy to 0.53 cm, which approaches the natural limit on accuracy imposed by noise. We applied these methods to localize single dipole sources from MEG components isolated by blind source separation and compared the estimated locations to those generated by standard manually assisted commercial software. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NUI Maynooth, Hamilton Inst, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. RP Jun, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jschan@lanl.gov RI Pearlmutter, Barak/M-8791-2014; OI Pearlmutter, Barak/0000-0003-0521-4553; JUN, SUNG CHAN/0000-0001-5357-4436 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [2 R01 EB00310-05] NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1002/hbm.20068 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 884ZG UT WOS:000226124600003 PM 15593270 ER PT J AU Katipamula, S Brambley, MR AF Katipamula, S Brambley, MR TI Methods for fault detection, diagnostics, and prognostics for building systems - A review, part I SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID AIR-HANDLING UNITS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; CONDITIONING SYSTEMS; FAILURE-DETECTION; DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; HVAC SYSTEMS; MODEL; ARX; PERFORMANCE; VENTILATION AB Poorly maintained, degraded, and improperly controlled equipment wastes an estimated 15% to 30% of energy used in commercial buildings. Much of this waste could be prevented with widespread adoption of automated condition-based maintenance. :Automated fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) along with prognostics provide a cornerstone for condition-based maintenance of engineered systems. Although FDD has been an active area of research in other fields for more than a decade, applications for heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) and other building systems have lagged those in other industries. Nonetheless, over the last decade there has been considerable research and development targeted toward developing FDD methods for HVAC&R equipment. Despite this research, there are still only a handful of FDD tools that are deployed in the field. This paper is the first of a two-part review of methods for automated FDD and prognostics whose intent is to increase awareness of the HVAC&R research and development community to the body of FDD and prognostics developments in other fields as well as advancements in the field of HVAC&R. This first part of the review focuses on generic FDD and prognostics, providing a framework for categorizing methods, describing them, and identifying their primary strengths and weaknesses. The second paper in this review, to be published in the April 2005 International Journal of HVAC&R Research, will address research and applications specific to the fields of HVACR. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Katipamula, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 91 TC 150 Z9 153 U1 8 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 EI 1938-5587 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3 EP 25 DI 10.1080/10789669.2005.10391123 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 888AB UT WOS:000226345500002 ER PT J AU Shenoy, G Smirnov, G Arthur, J AF Shenoy, Gopal Smirnov, Gennadii Arthur, John TI Stanley Ruby 1924-2004 - Obituary SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Shenoy, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gks@aps.anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2005 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s10751-006-9348-8 PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 126YM UT WOS:000243551500002 ER PT J AU Backe, H Dretzke, A Fritzsche, S Haire, RG Kunz, P Lauth, W Sewtz, M Trautmann, N AF Backe, H. Dretzke, A. Fritzsche, St. Haire, R. G. Kunz, P. Lauth, W. Sewtz, M. Trautmann, N. TI Laser spectroscopic investigation of the element fermium (Z=100) SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Application of Lasers in Atomic Nuclei Research CY MAY 24-27, 2004 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Phys, Flerov Lab Nucl React DE atomic level scheme; heavy element fermium; hyperfine structure; resonance ionization ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; GROUND-STATE; RUTHERFORDIUM; RESONANCE AB The level scheme and hyperfine structure of the element fermium (Z = 100) has been investigated with the method of resonance ionization spectroscopy in a buffer gas cell. The experiments were carried out on a 46 pg sample of the isotope Fm-255 with a half-life time of 20.1 h, produced in the high flux nuclear reactor of the ORNL, Oak Ridge, USA. A wave number scan from 27,100 to 28,400 cm(-1) was carried through to search for three levels with large Einstein-coefficients, as predicted by ab initio Multi-Configuration-Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations, and five new levels were found. In addition, the two known levels at wave numbers (25,099.8 +/- 0.2) and (25,111.8 +/- 0.2) cm(-1) were studied with a laser band width of 1.5 GHz and hyperfine broadenings were observed. C1 Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Kassel, Fachbereich Phys, D-34109 Kassel, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Backe, H (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. EM backe@kph.uni-mainz.de NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2005 VL 162 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9209-x PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 050HH UT WOS:000238077600002 ER PT J AU Roth, M Blazevic, A Brambrink, E Geissel, M Cowan, TE Fuchs, J Kemp, A Ruhl, H Audebert, P Cobble, J Fernandez, J Hegelich, M Letzring, S Ledingham, K McKenna, P Clarke, R Neely, D Karsch, S Habs, D Schreiber, J AF Roth, M. Blazevic, A. Brambrink, E. Geissel, M. Cowan, T. E. Fuchs, J. Kemp, A. Ruhl, H. Audebert, P. Cobble, J. Fernandez, J. Hegelich, M. Letzring, S. Ledingham, K. McKenna, P. Clarke, R. Neely, D. Karsch, S. Habs, D. Schreiber, J. TI Laser accelerated, high quality ion beams SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Application of Lasers in Atomic Nuclei Research CY MAY 24-27, 2004 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Phys, Flerov Lab Nucl React DE fast ignition; high power lasers; laser generated ions ID PLASMA INTERACTION; FAST IGNITION; PROTON-BEAMS; GENERATION AB Intense beams of protons and heavy ions have been observed in ultra-intense laser-solid interaction experiments. Thereby, a considerable fraction of the laser energy is transferred to collimated beams of energetic ions (e.g. up to 50 MeV protons; 100 MeV fluorine), which makes these beams highly interesting for various applications. Experimental results indicate very short pulse duration and an excellent beam quality, leading to beam intensities in the TW range. To characterize the beam quality and its dependence on laser parameters and target conditions we performed experiments at several high-power laser systems, We found a strong dependence on the target rear surface conditions allowing to tailor the ion beam by an appropriate target design. We also succeeded in the generation of heavy ion beams by suppressing the proton amount at the target surface. We will present recent experimental results demonstrating a transverse beam emittance far superior to accelerator-based ion beams. Finally, we will discuss the prospect of laser-accelerated ion beams as new diagnostics in laser-solid interaction experiments. Special fields of interest are proton radiography, electric field imaging, and relativistic electron transport inside the target. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Lab Utilisat Lasers Intense, Palaiseau, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Roth, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM marktis.roth@physik.tu-darmstadt.de RI McKenna, Paul/B-9764-2009; Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI McKenna, Paul/0000-0001-8061-7091; Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2005 VL 162 IS 1-4 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9202-4 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 050HH UT WOS:000238077600006 ER PT J AU Kuehl, T Bock, R Borneis, S Brambrink, E Brand, H Caird, J Campbell, EM Cassou, K Gaul, E Goette, S Haefner, C Hahn, T Heuck, HM Hoffmann, DHH Javarkova, D Klisnick, A Kluge, HJ Kunzer, S Merz, T Neumayer, P Nickles, P Perry, MD Reemts, D Ros, D Roth, M Samek, S Sandner, W Schaumann, G Schrader, F Seelig, W Tauschwitz, A Thiel, R Ursescu, D Wiewior, P Wittrock, U Zielbauer, B AF Kuehl, T Bock, R Borneis, S Brambrink, E Brand, H Caird, J Campbell, EM Cassou, K Gaul, E Goette, S Haefner, C Hahn, T Heuck, HM Hoffmann, DHH Javarkova, D Klisnick, A Kluge, HJ Kunzer, S Merz, T Neumayer, P Nickles, P Perry, MD Reemts, D Ros, D Roth, M Samek, S Sandner, W Schaumann, G Schrader, F Seelig, W Tauschwitz, A Thiel, R Ursescu, D Wiewior, P Wittrock, U Zielbauer, B TI PHELIX - Status and first experiments SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Application of Lasers in Atomic Nuclei Research CY MAY 24-27, 2004 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Phys, Flerov Lab Nucl React AB The high-energy high-power laser system PHELIX (Petawatt High Energy Laser for heavy ton eXperiments) [1] is currently under construction at the Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI) Darmstadt. With PHELIX GSI will offer the unique combination of a high-current, high-energy (GeV/u) heavy-ion beam with an intense laser beam. This will open the door to a variety of fundamental science issues in the field of atomic physics, plasma physics and nuclear physics. The project will gain further interest in the near future by the dramatic increase of the accelerator performance with the starting FAIR project at GSI [2]. This paper reports the current status of the project as well as the laser architecture. The proposed physics program and a first experiment carried out with PHELIX, the realization of a transient collisionally excited x-ray laser [3], will also be reviewed briefly. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Paris 11, LIXAM, Orsay, France. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FH Muenster, Steinfurt, Germany. Max Born Inst, Berlin, Germany. FH Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Kuehl, T (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Klisnick, Annie/C-5532-2008; Ursescu, Daniel/F-2216-2010; Klisnick, Annie/F-1152-2011; Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008; Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012 OI Ursescu, Daniel/0000-0002-0612-670X; Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2005 VL 162 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9203-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 050HH UT WOS:000238077600007 ER PT J AU Nortershauser, W Dax, A Ewald, G Gotte, S Kirchner, R Kluge, HJ Kuhl, T Sanchez, R Wojtaszek, A Bushaw, BA Drake, GWF Yan, ZC Zimmermann, C AF Noertershaeuser, Wilfried Dax, Andreas Ewald, Guido Goette, Stefan Kirchner, Reinard Kluge, H. -Juergen Kuehl, Thomas Sanchez, Rodolfo Wojtaszek, Agnieszka Bushaw, Bruce A. Drake, Gordon W. F. Yan, Zong-Chao Zimmermann, Claus TI First measurement of the nuclear charge radii of short-lived lithium isotopes SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Application of Lasers in Atomic Nuclei Research CY MAY 24-27, 2004 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Phys, Flerov Lab Nucl React DE halo nucleus; isotope shift; laser spectroscopy; nuclear charge radius ID INTERACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; LIGHT; DEPENDENCE; PROTON; SHIFT AB A novel method for the determination of nuclear charge radii of lithium isotopes is presented. Precise laser spectroscopic measurements of the isotope shift in the lithium 2s -> 3s transition are combined with highly accurate atomic physics calculation of the mass dependent isotope shift to extract the charge-distribution-sensitive information. This approach has been used to determine the charge radii of Li-8,Li-9 for the first time. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Univ Tubingen, Inst Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Nortershauser, W (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM W.Noertershaeuser@gsi.de RI Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012; Zimmermann, Claus/E-9598-2014; Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014; Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579; Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2005 VL 162 IS 1-4 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9211-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 050HH UT WOS:000238077600012 ER PT J AU Wendt, KDA Blaum, K Geppert, C Muller, P Nortershauser, W Schmitt, A Schumann, P Trautmann, N Bushaw, BA AF Wendt, KDA Blaum, K Geppert, C Muller, P Nortershauser, W Schmitt, A Schumann, P Trautmann, N Bushaw, BA TI Laser based techniques for ultra trace isotope production, spectroscopy and detection SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Application of Lasers in Atomic Nuclei Research CY MAY 24-27, 2004 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Phys, Flerov Lab Nucl React DE laser spectroscopy; laser development; nuclear structure; radioisotopes; resonance ionization; ultra trace detection ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESONANCE IONIZATION; ION-SOURCE; NUCLEAR-PHYSICS; PHOTOIONIZATION; PLUTONIUM; SAMPLES; ATOMS; BEAM AB A variety of research activities in the field of fundamental and applied nuclear physics has evolved in the last years using resonantly tuned radiation from powerful lasers. The technique of resonance ionization spectroscopy has delivered outstanding results and found broad acceptance in the last years as a particularly efficient and highly selective method for rare and exotic radioisotope studies. It is used for production, spectroscopy and detection of these species and provides complete isobaric, high isotopic and even some isomeric selection, which altogether is needed for on-line investigation of short lived species far off stability as well as for ultra trace determination. Good overall efficiency pushes the experimental limits of detection in elemental trace analysis down to below 10(6) atoms per sample, and additionally isotopic selectivity as high as 3 x 10(12) has been demonstrated. The widespread potential of resonance ionization techniques is discussed, focusing on the experimental arrangements for applications in selective on-line isotope production, spectroscopy of rare radioisotopes and ultra trace determination of radiotoxic isotopes like Pu-238 to Pu-244, Cs-135,Cs-137, Sr-89,Sr-90 or Ca-41 in environmental, technical and biomedical samples. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wendt, KDA (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. EM klaus.wendt@phys.uni-mainz.de RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2005 VL 162 IS 1-4 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9219-8 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 050HH UT WOS:000238077600019 ER PT S AU Pinar, A Tao, T Ferhatosmanoglu, H AF Pinar, A Tao, T Ferhatosmanoglu, H GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Compressing bitmap indices by data reorganization SO ICDE 2005: 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2005) CY APR 05-08, 2005 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, Database Soc Japan, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Inst Elect Informat & Commun Engineers, DBSJ, IPS, EIC, ORACLE, Microsoft, hp Invent, Google, Hitachi Inspire the Next, IBM, MItsubishi Elect, Fujitsu, KDDI, NEC, ntt, Ricoh, sgi, Sun, Toshiba ID SPACES AB Many scientific applications generate massive volumes of data through observations or computer simulations, bringing up the need for effective indexing methods for efficient storage and retrieval of scientific data. Unlike conventional databases, scientific data is mostly read-only and its volume can reach to the order of petabytes, making a compact index structure vital. Bitmap indexing has been successfully applied to scientific databases by exploiting the fact that scientific data are enumerated or numerical. Bitmap indices can be compressed with variants of run length encoding for a compact index structure. However even this may not be enough for the enormous data generated in some applications such as high energy physics. In this paper, we study how to reorganize bitmap, tables for improved compression rates. Our algorithms are used just as a preprocessing step, thus there is no need to revise the current indexing techniques and the query processing algorithms. We introduce the tuple reordering problem, which aims to reorganize database tuples for optimal compression rates. We propose Gray code ordering algorithm for this NP-Complete problem, which is an in-place algorithm, and runs in linear time in the order of the size of the database. We also discuss how the tuple reordering problem can be reduced to the traveling salesperson problem. Our experimental results on real data sets show that the compression ratio can be improved by a factor of 2 to 10. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM apinar@lbl.gov; taotao@cs.uiuc.edu; hakan@cse.ohio-state.edu NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1084-4627 BN 0-7695-2285-8 J9 PROC INT CONF DATA PY 2005 BP 310 EP 321 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCI52 UT WOS:000229594000035 ER PT B AU Weber, TB Candia, A Howell, G Racine, M Weisend, JG AF Weber, T. B. Candia, A. Howell, G. Racine, M. Weisend, J. G., II BE Zhang, L Lin, L Chen, GB TI Unique method for liquid nitrogen precooling of a plate fin heat exchanger in a helium refrigeration cycle SO ICEC 20: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTIETH INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Cryogen Engn Comm, Int Inst Refrigerat, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, CAS, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, CAS, Inst Elect Engn, China Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Ind Assoc AB Precooling of helium by means of liquid nitrogen is one the oldest and most common process features used in helium refrigerators. The principal tasks are to permit a rapid cool down to 80 K of the plant, to increase the cooling power of,the plant in low temperature operation and to increase the rate of pure liquid production. The advent of aluminum plate fin heat exchangers in the design of helium refrigerators has made this task more complicated because of the potential damage to these heat exchangers. C1 [Weber, T. B.; Candia, A.; Howell, G.; Racine, M.; Weisend, J. G., II] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP Weber, TB (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-080-44559-5 PY 2005 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BGV90 UT WOS:000250835200013 ER PT B AU Jia, LX Wang, L Yang, GD Liu, XK Zhang, XB Tang, HM Du, HP Xing, ZH Liu, CS Han, G Xu, FY Wang, TH Yang, CZ Xiao, H Liu, D Shi, LH Huang, MX Gai, XY Xu, FY Ji, ZM Jiang, W Yao, ZL Chen, AB AF Jia, L. X. Wang, L. Yang, G. D. Liu, X. K. Zhang, X. B. Tang, H. M. Du, H. P. Xing, Z. H. Liu, C. S. Han, G. Xu, F. Y. Wang, T. H. Yang, C. Z. Xiao, H. Liu, D. Shi, L. H. Huang, M. X. Gai, X. Y. Xu, F. Y. Ji, Z. M. Jiang, W. Yao, Z. L. Chen, A. B. BE Zhang, L Lin, L Chen, GB TI Cryogenic facility design in BEPCII superconducting upgrade SO ICEC 20: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTIETH INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Cryogen Engn Comm, Int Inst Refrigerat, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, CAS, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, CAS, Inst Elect Engn, China Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Ind Assoc AB Three kinds of superconducting device are to be constructed at interaction regions in the upgrade of Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPCII). Two sets of refrigerators with each capacity of 500W at 4.5K are adopted to provide the refrigeration for them. The cryogenic systems to support the operation of the superconducting facilities are under design by Harbin Institute of Technology in China. This paper presents the current design of main cryogenic facilities. C1 [Jia, L. X.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jia, LX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-080-44559-5 PY 2005 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BGV90 UT WOS:000250835200015 ER PT B AU Jia, LX Wang, L AF Jia, L. X. Wang, L. BE Zhang, L Lin, L Chen, GB TI Cryogenic system for BEPCII SRF cavity IR quadrupole and detector solenoid magnets SO ICEC 20: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTIETH INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Cryogen Engn Comm, Int Inst Refrigerat, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, CAS, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, CAS, Inst Elect Engn, China Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Ind Assoc AB Beijing Electron-Positron Collider Upgrade (BEPCII) requires three types of superconducting facilities, including one pair of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, one pair of interaction region quadrupole magnets, and one detector solenoid magnet. The cryo-plant for BEPCII has a total cooling capacity of I kW at 4.5K, which is composed of two separate helium refrigerators of 500 W each. The two refrigerators comprise the same gas storage and recovery system. The engineering design for the cryogenic systems, power leads, control dewars, subcooler, cryogenic valve boxes, cryogenic transfer-lines and cryogenic. controls, is completed. The production of their subsystems is under way. This paper summarizes the progress in cryogenics of the BEPCII project. C1 [Jia, L. X.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jia, LX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-080-44559-5 PY 2005 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BGV90 UT WOS:000250835200023 ER PT B AU Jia, LX Zhang, XB Wang, L Wang, TH Yao, ZL AF Jia, L. X. Zhang, X. B. Wang, L. Wang, T. H. Yao, Z. L. BE Zhang, L Lin, L Chen, GB TI Multi-tube power leads tower for BEPCII IR magnets SO ICEC 20: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTIETH INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Cryogen Engn Comm, Int Inst Refrigerat, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, CAS, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, CAS, Inst Elect Engn, China Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Ind Assoc AB A power lead tower containing the multi-tube power leads is designed and under fabrication for the superconducting IR quadrupole magnets in the Beijing Electron Position Collider Upgrade (BEPCII). The lead tower consists of six pairs of gas-cooled leads for seven superconducting coils at various operating currents. The power lead is designed in a modular fashion, which can be easily applied to suit different operating current. The end copper block of the tube lead has a large cold mass that provide a large time constant in case of cooling flow interruption. A novel cryogenic electrical isolator is used for the leads. C1 [Jia, L. X.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jia, LX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-080-44559-5 PY 2005 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BGV90 UT WOS:000250835200134 ER PT B AU Ligeti, Z AF Ligeti, Z BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI The CKM matrix and CP violation SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc ID B-MESON DECAYS; QCD FACTORIZATION; ANGLE-GAMMA; UNITARITY TRIANGLE; ISOSPIN ANALYSIS; STRONG PHASES; WEAK PHASE; PI DECAYS; ASYMMETRIES; PHYSICS AB The status of CP violation and the CKM matrix is reviewed. Direct CP violation in B decay has been established and the measurement of sin2 beta in psi K modes reached 5% accuracy. I discuss the implications of these, and of the possible deviations of the CP asymmetries in b -> s modes from that in psi K. The first meaningful measurements of alpha and gamma are explained, together with their significance for constraining both the SM and new physics in B - B mixing. I also discuss implications of recent developments in the theory of nonleptonic decays for B -> pi K rates and CP asymmetries, and for the polarization in charmless B decays to two vector mesons. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zligeti@lbl.gov NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700005 ER PT B AU Dunlop, JC AF Dunlop, JC BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Matter at high density and temperature at RHIC SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; ELLIPTIC FLOW; SIGNATURE; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; ANISOTROPY AB The status of current investigation of hot and dense matter at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is reviewed. Indications for the creation of a dense, strongly interacting system have been seen. Further experimental and theoretical work is needed to convert these indications into quantitative measurements of the properties of the system created. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dunlop@bnl.gov NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 168 EP 177 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700016 ER PT B AU Alton, A AF Alton, A CA CDF D0 Collaborat BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Diboson physics at the Tevatron SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc AB Preliminary studies of diboson final states at the Tevatron are presented. The higher center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV, and about twice the luminosity of Run I have allowed us greater access to diboson states. The cross-sections for most final states are presented and limits for the few that haven't been measured are given. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS352,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dalton@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 507 EP 510 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700081 ER PT B AU Chlebana, F AF Chlebana, F CA CDF Collaborations DO Collaborations BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Tevatron jet physics SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc AB Preliminary jet measurements are presented from the CDF and D circle divide experiments at the Tevatron p (p) over bar collider operating at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The increased center of mass energy together with about twice the integrated luminosity allows the inclusive jet cross section measurement to be extended by about 150 GeV. Preliminary measurements of the dijet azimuthal correlation for jets in the central rapidity region and the dijet mass distribution measured by the D circle divide collaboration are presented. Within the errors, the results are consistent with the predictions of NLO QCD. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 318,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM chlebana@fnal.qov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 673 EP 677 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700121 ER PT B AU Scarlett, C AF Scarlett, C BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI KOPIO experiment at BNL SO ICHEP 2005: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference High Energy Physics Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc ID DECAY; MODEL AB This note contains a sketch of the goals and design for the KOPIO experiment, which will run at BNL. Designed to measure the branching ratio for the rare decay mode K-L -> pi(0)nu nu as predicted by the Standard Model, KOPIO will provide a measure of the height of the Unitarity Triangle. The height of the triangle, taken in conjunction with data on the decay mode K+ -> pi(+)nu nu, completely characterizes CP Violation in the SM. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Scarlett, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 829 EP 832 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700157 ER PT B AU Luth, VG AF Luth, VG CA BABAR Collaborat BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Determination of the CKM matrix element vertical bar V-CB vertical bar from semileptonic B decays SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc ID FORM-FACTORS; MESON DECAYS; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; MOMENTS; EXPANSION; BEAUTY AB We report studies of semileptonic decays, B -> Xclv, based on a sample of 88 million B (B) over bar events recorded with the BABAR detector. We have measured four moments of the electron energy distribution and four moments of the hadronic mass distribution, each as a function of the minimum electron energy. From these moments we determine the inclusive branching fraction, the CKM matrix element vertical bar V(cb)vertical bar, and other heavy quark parameters, using Heavy Quark Expansions (HQE) to order 1/m(b)(3) in the kinetic mass scheme. In addition, we have studied a large sample of exclusive B0 - D*-e+v decays. This sample is used to extract the vector and axial form factors, the normalization and slope of the HQET form factor to determine vertical bar V(cb)vertical bar. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM luth@slac.stanford.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 883 EP 887 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700170 ER PT B AU Cristinziani, M AF Cristinziani, M CA BABAR Collaboration BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Charmless 2- and 3-body B decays and the angle alpha (phi(2)) SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc AB We present preliminary measurements of branching fractions and CP-asymmetry parameters in two-and three-body charmless hadronic B decays. The available data sample consists of 227 million gamma(4S) -> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC. We establish the observation of the decays B-0 -> pi(0)pi(0) and B-0 -> K-0(K) over bar (0) and constrain the CKM angle a with a full SU(2) isospin analysis in the B -> pi pi system and with a B-0 -> pi+pi-pi(0) time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM markus@slac.stanford.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 897 EP 900 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700173 ER PT B AU Kravchenko, I AF Kravchenko, I CA CDF Collaboration BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Pentaquarks and the X(3872) results from CDF SO ICHEP 2005: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference High Energy Physics Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc AB We report results of the searches for pentaquark states in decays to pK(S)(0), Xi-pi(+/-) and D((*))p performed CDF using 250 pb(-1) sample of p (p) over bar interactions at root s of 1.96 TeV. No evidence for narrow resonances was found in either mode. In addition, we present measurements of properties of the recently discovered X(3872) particle. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kravchenko, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 318,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 1025 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700203 ER PT B AU Halyo, V AF Halyo, V CA BABAR Collaboration BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Pentaquark searches and properties of D-8J resonances at BABAR SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc ID PHOTOPRODUCTION; DETECTOR AB Prelimary results from inclusive searches for strange pentaquark production in e(+)e(-) interactions at root s = 10.58 GeV using 123 fb(-1) of data collected with the BABAR detector are presented. In addition new mass estimates for the D*(sJ) (2317)(+) and D-sJ (2460)(+) mesons are given. The mesons are studied in e(+)e(-) -> cc data using 125 fb(-1) for the decay to the D-s(+) meson along with one or more pi(0), pi(+), or particles. A search is also performed for neutral and doubly-charged partners. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP SLAC, SLAC M-S 61,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM valerieh@slac.stanford.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 1029 EP 1032 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700204 ER PT B AU Gritsan, A AF Gritsan, A BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Polarization puzzle in B -> phi K* and other B -> VV at BABAR SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc ID CP-ASYMMETRIES; DECAYS; PHYSICS AB With a sample of about 227 million BB pairs recorded with the BABAR detector we perform a full angular analysis of the decay B-0 -> phi K-*0(892). Ten measurements include polarization, phases, and five CP asymmetries. We also observe the decay B-0 -> phi K-*0(1430). Polarization measurements are performed with the B -> pK*(892), B -> rho rho, and B -> p omega decay modes, and limits are set on the B -> omega K*(892) decay rates. These measurements help to understand the puzzle of large fraction of transverse polarization observed in B -> phi K* decays and allow for new ways to study CP violation and potential new amplitude contributions. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-2160, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM AVGritsan@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 1117 EP 1120 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700225 ER PT B AU Cerri, A AF Cerri, A CA CDF II Collaboration BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Recent charm physics results at CDF SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc AB We present new measurements of branching ratios and CP violation of neutral and charged charmed mesons with the CDF II detector at Fermilab. Exploiting the high mass resolution of the CDF tracking system, the Cabibbo-suppressed decays D degrees -> K+K-, D degrees -> pi(+)pi(-) and D-+/- -> pi(double dagger)pi(+/-)pi(+/-) are well separated from the much larger Cabibbo-favored decays, even without explicit particle identification, and their branching ratios have been measured with high precision. Accurate understanding of the tracking asymmetries allow us to search for direct CP violation in these decays by looking for an asymmetry in the decay rate of C = 1 and C = -1 mesons. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM acerri@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 1174 EP 1178 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700239 ER PT B AU Herndon, M AF Herndon, M CA CDF Collaborat D0 Collaborat BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Searches for fcnc decays B-s(D) -> mu(+)mu(-) SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc ID TOP-QUARK MASS; LARGE TAN-BETA; QCD CORRECTIONS; RUN II; SUPERSYMMETRY AB We report on a search for B-s(0) -> mu(+)mu(-) and B-d(0) -> mu(+)mu(-) decays in pp collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV using 171 pb(-1) and 240 pb(-1) of data collected respectively by the CDF and DO experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The decay rates of these rare processes are sensitive to contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. The results from the two experiments are a combined branching fraction limit of B(B-s(0) -> mu(+)mu(-)) < 2.7 x 10(-7) and a limit from the CDF experiment of B(B-d(0) -> mu(+)mu(-)) < 1.5 X 10(-7) at 90% confidence level. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Grp CDF, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Grp CDF, MS 318,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM herndon@fnal.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 1213 EP 1216 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700248 ER PT B AU Yao, WM AF Yao, WM CA CDF Collaborat D0 Collaborat BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Neutral Higgs Boson search at Tevatron SO ICHEP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc ID STANDARD MODEL; TOP-QUARK; TOPCOLOR AB We review searches for neutral Higgs Boson performed by the CDF and DO collaborations using approximately 200 pb(-1) of the dataset accumulated from pp collisions at the center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. No signals are found and limits on the Standard Model (SM) Higgs or SM-like Higgs production cross section times branching ratio and couplings of the Higgs boson in MSSM are presented, including the future prospects of discovery Higgs at the end of Run II. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wmyao@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 1228 EP 1231 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700251 ER PT B AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG BE Chen, H Du, D Li, W Lu, C TI Little or no Higgs SO ICHEP 2005: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference High Energy Physics Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Phys Soc AB Both Little Higgs and Higgsless Models provide new windows into the mysteries of electroweak symmetry breaking and lead to testable predictions at present and future colliders. Here we give a quick overview of three papers submitted to the ICHEP2004 meeting on these subjects. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-110-2 PY 2005 BP 1248 EP 1251 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCP34 UT WOS:000230511700256 ER PT B AU Beresh, SJ Henfling, JF Erven, RJ Spillers, RW AF Beresh, SJ Henfling, JF Erven, RJ Spillers, RW GP IEEE TI Comparison of data from three PIV configurations for a supersonic jet in transonic crossflow SO ICIASF '05 Record: 21st International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2005 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, JAXA, STCB, IEEE, USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, AIAA, Japan Soc Aeronaut & Space Sci ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY AB Particle image velocimetry (PIV) data have been acquired using three different experimental configurations in the far-field of the interaction created by a transverse supersonic jet exhausting from a flat plate into a transonic crossflow. The configurations included two-dimensional PIV in the centerline streamwise plane at two overlapping downstream stations, as well as stereoscopic PIV in both the same streamwise plane and the crossplane. The streamwise data show the downstream evolution of the interaction whereas the crossplane data directly reveal its vortex structure. The measurement planes intersect at a common line, allowing a comparison of their results with respect to their estimated uncertainties for those mean velocity components and turbulent stresses common to all configurations. Data from both two-dimensional measurement stations and the stereoscopic streamwise configuration agreed to within the uncertainty, but data from the crossplane exhibited reduced velocity and turbulent stress magnitudes by a small but significant degree. Additionally, the vertical positions of the peak velocities were slightly nearer the wall for the crossplane configuration. The cause was not definitively established, but this comparison suggests that routine methods of uncertainty quantification may not fully capture the error sources of an experiment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Beresh, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mailstop 0834, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9096-2 PY 2005 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.2005.1569938 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BDY49 UT WOS:000236172500042 ER PT B AU Ness, KD Mariella, RP Long, GW Goodson, KE Belgrade, P AF Ness, Kevin D. Mariella, Raymond P., Jr. Long, Gary W. Goodson, Kenneth E. Belgrade, Phillip GP ASME TI DNA purification of biothreat agents using a micropillar chip SO ICMM 2005, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels, Pt A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Univ Toronto, Toronto, CANADA SP ASME HO Univ Toronto DE microfluidic systems; DNA purification; sample preparation; PCR; environmental monitoring ID NUCLEIC-ACIDS; PCR DETECTION; SAMPLES; POLYMERASE; EXTRACTION; SOIL AB Processing large volume liquid samples for PCR-based infectious agent testing is ubiquitous among a wide variety of environmental samples. A number of different extraction protocols and devices are available to purify the nucleic acids from these complex samples. However, most of these approaches are optimized for specific kinds of samples and typically involve benchtop equipment and highly skilled personnel. Among the most common purification techniques are those that utilize a combination of chaotropic agents and random surfaces of glass (packed beds of micro-beads, fibers, particles, etc.) in a simple disposable plastic device. As an alternative surface, we have exploited the glass-surface properties of oxidized single crystal silicon in high-surface-area microstructures for silicon oxide-mediated nucleic acid extraction, purification, and concentration from large volume samples. One particular microstructure, a silicon pillar chip, provides highly-ordered and controlled surface interactions. The high aspect ratio (similar to 40) of the pillars provides an immense surface area within a relatively small volume, thus allowing for the capability to concentrate nucleic acids by several orders of magnitude. Here, we report on the effectiveness of this microfluidic chip in processing Francisella DNA in wastewater. The flow-through properties of the microfluidic chip enabled the entire procedure to be automated by embedding the chip in a reusable microfluidic cassette. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ness, KD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Goodson, Kenneth/C-3545-2011 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4185-5 PY 2005 BP 769 EP 778 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFM11 UT WOS:000243025300094 ER PT S AU Vogel, SC Hartig, C Von Dreele, RB Wenk, HR Williams, DJ AF Vogel, SC Hartig, C Von Dreele, RB Wenk, HR Williams, DJ BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Quantitative texture measurements using neutron time-of-flight diffraction SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE neutron diffraction; time-of-flight diffraction; texture analysis; Rietveld ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; POLE FIGURES AB The neutron time-of-flight diffractometer HIPPO (High Pressure Preferred Orientation) was conceived and constructed as a joint effort between the University of California and Los Alamos National Laboratory. The unique detector coverage of HIPPO, with a total of 1360 He-3 detectors arranged in 50 panels, allows measurement of the sample orientation distribution function with rotation around only one axis. This capability allows design of sample environments, such as furnaces or loads cells, to measure texture in situ at non-ambient conditions. The high flux of the LANSCE spallation neutron source shortens count-times in some cases to less than 10 minutes to collect enough data for the determination of the ODF, opening the possibility of time-resolved texture studies. The capabilities for texture measurements of HIPPO are outlined and some examples of experiments conducted with HIPPO, such as phase transformation textures, are given. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tech Univ Hamburg, D-21071 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vogel, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sven@lanl.gov RI Hartig, Christian/F-4673-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 107 EP 112 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400013 ER PT S AU Pehl, J Matthies, S Wenk, HR Lutterotti, L Vogel, SC AF Pehl, J Matthies, S Wenk, HR Lutterotti, L Vogel, SC BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Quantitative texture analysis with the HIPPO TOF diffractometer SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE neutron diffraction; Rietveld method; ODF analysis; aluminum ID DIFFRACTION SPECTRA AB One of the design goals of the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) diffractometer HIPPO (HIgh Pressure - Preferred Orientation) at LANSCE (Los Alamos Neutron Science Center) was efficient quantitative texture analysis. In this paper, the effects of the HIPPO detector geometry and layout on texture analysis, particularly the shape and dimensions of the detector panels, are investigated. An aluminum sample with a strong and asymmetric texture was used to determine the methodological limitations of various methods of quantitative texture analysis. Several algorithms for extracting the orientation distribution function (ODF) from the TOF-spectra are compared: discrete orientations at arbitrary positions, harmonic method in Rietveld codes (MAUD and GSAS) and discrete methods in MAUD. All methods provide a similar representation of the main texture component, but discrete methods have a fundamental advantage over harmonic methods in characterizing regions of the ODF with low orientation densities. For HIPPO data of the present sample, harmonic expansions beyond 1(max) = 12 introduce subsidiary maxima and minima, which are consistently identified as artifacts. The results of our analysis establishes HIPPO as an efficient instrument to quantitatively determine preferred orientations in relatively short measuring times, if the texture features are not exceedingly sharp (full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) in the ODF > 20-30). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Ingn Mat & Prod Ind, Trento, Italy. Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pehl, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wenk@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Lutterotti, Luca/E-2426-2014; OI Lutterotti, Luca/0000-0002-0949-8322; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 113 EP 118 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400014 ER PT S AU Volz, HM Vogel, SC Roberts, JA Lawson, AC Williams, DJ Daemen, LL AF Volz, HM Vogel, SC Roberts, JA Lawson, AC Williams, DJ Daemen, LL BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Effect of strong neutron absorption on texture and diffraction data analysis SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE absorption; neutron; dysprosium; erbium; Rietveld; thermal motion parameter ID SPECTRA AB The impact of strong neutron absorption on data analysis and the comparison of two different absorption corrections for neutron diffraction data implemented in the GSAS Rietveld code are the foci of this work. We investigated the effect of absorption on the texture and the thermal motion parameter for rolled elemental foils. The orientation distribution functions (ODF) of rolled foils of dysprosium and erbium metals were determined from neutron time-of-flight data patterns collected on HIPPO at LANSCE. Both Dy and Er are strong absorbers for thermal neutrons with absorption cross-sections of 994 barns for Dy and 159 barns for Er at lambda = 1.8 angstrom. Various stacks of foils of each material, along with combinations of absorbing and less-absorbing foils, were measured. The patterns were analyzed using the GSAS options for Debye-Schemer and linear absorption models, as well as without an absorption correction. Discrepancies between refined and expected "true" values of crystallographic parameters if absorption is not taken into consideration are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Volz, HM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hvolz@lanl.gov; sven@lanl.gov; joycer@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 119 EP 124 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400015 ER PT S AU Henrie, BL Mason, TA Bingert, JF AF Henrie, BL Mason, TA Bingert, JF BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Automated twin identification technique for use with electron backscatter diffraction SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE zirconium; 316L stainless steel; deformation twinning; automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) ID MICROSCOPY AB Historically, twinning classification has been obtained by optical microscopy, bulk x-ray and neutron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Recent research has shown that automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) can be used to quantify twin content and thereby greatly improve the reliability of twinning statistics. An automated twin identification technique for use with EBSD has facilitated a greater understanding of deformation twinning in materials. The key features of this automated framework are the use of the crystallographic definition of twin relationships, and the correct identification of the parent orientation in a parent/twin pair. The complex nature of the parent/twin interactions required the use of a voting scheme to correctly identify parent orientations. In those few cases where the voting scheme was unable to determine parent orientation (< 2%) the algorithm allows for manual selection. Twin area fractions are categorized by operative twin systems along with secondary and tertiary twinning. These statistics are reported for deformation and annealing twin populations in deformed alpha-zirconium and as-annealed 316L stainless steel, respectively. These improved twin statistics can help provide insight into the effect of deformation processes on microstructural evolution, as well as provide validation of plasticity models for materials that exhibit deformation twinning. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henrie, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM henrie@lanl.gov; tmason@lanl.gov; bingert@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 191 EP 196 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400026 ER PT S AU Vogel, SC Bhattacharyya, D Viswanathan, GB Williams, DJ Fraser, HL AF Vogel, SC Bhattacharyya, D Viswanathan, GB Williams, DJ Fraser, HL BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Phase transformation textures in Ti-6Al-4V alloy SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE neutron diffraction; titanium alloy; phase transformations ID DIFFRACTOMETER; SHEET; HIPPO AB Titanium alloys are widely used in various industrial, domestic, and medical applications such as turbine blades, bicycle frames, knee implants, etc. The two-phase titanium alloy Ti-6A1-4V (wt. percent) is considered to be a workhorse alloy for many applications in these diverse fields. Despite the large body of work on this alloy, the question of the transformation mechanism from the hcp a to the bee beta phase, occurring on heating to temperatures above the alpha/beta transus at similar to 980 degrees C, is still unresolved. Due to experimental difficulties, it has not yet been clearly determined whether the increase in beta volume fraction occurs by fresh nucleation of beta crystals within a phase grains or the growth of preexisting beta Mains. Since the Burgers orientation relationship holds only if the beta grains are nucleated within the a grains, the outcome of this question greatly affects texture-modeling efforts for this system. The Burgers orientation relationship predicts that the {0001} crystal direction in a grain of the a phase becomes a {110} crystal direction in a grain of the beta phase after the transformation. In this work we present experimental results from in-situ texture measurements performed on the HIPPO neutron diffractometer at LANSCE. Using the combination of time-of-flight neutrons and full-pattern Rietveld analysis allowed us to determine the orientation distribution functions of both phases at room temperature, 800 degrees C, 1020 degrees C and again at room temperature. We found strong indications that the beta phase indeed grows from grains preexisting at room temperature. Upon re-transformation from beta to a we found that the Burgers relationship is followed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Vogel, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sven@lanl.gov; bhattacharyya.4@osu.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 681 EP 686 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400104 ER PT S AU Alexandrov, IV Zhilina, MV Scherbakov, AV Korshunov, AI Nizovtsev, PN Smolyakov, AA Solovyev, VP Beyerlein, IJ AF Alexandrov, IV Zhilina, MV Scherbakov, AV Korshunov, AI Nizovtsev, PN Smolyakov, AA Solovyev, VP Beyerlein, IJ BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Texture formation during severe plastic deformation SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Louvain, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE equal channel angular pressing; polycrystalline models; texture homogeneity ID EVOLUTION; COPPER; NICKEL; METALS; STRAIN AB The paper represents results of computer modeling of texture formation in pure copper subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) realized by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Several polycrystalline models, namely the Taylor model, Sachs model, and self-consistent viscous plastic (VPSC) model, were applied and their predictions of texture evolution for different routes and number of ECAP passes were compared. For these calculations, simple shear deformation was used for the deformation realized by ECAP. Using the VPSC model, a single ECAP pass was revisited, but employing a 3D model of material flow, conducted by the variation-difference method, for the ECAP deformation. The influence of the inner and outer radii at the channel intersection and the friction coefficient on the homogeneity of the texture development in the cross section of the bulk ingot was investigated. C1 Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Ufa 450000, Russia. Fed State Unitary Org, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr All Russian SRI Expt Phys, Sarov, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Alexandrov, IV (reprint author), Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, 12 K Marx St, Ufa 450000, Russia. EM iva@mail.rb.ru; Smolakov@rol.ru; Irene@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 785 EP 790 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400120 ER PT S AU Isaenkova, M Perlovich, Y Fesenko, V Grekhov, M Alexandrov, I Beyerlein, IJ AF Isaenkova, M Perlovich, Y Fesenko, V Grekhov, M Alexandrov, I Beyerlein, IJ BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Formation of inhomogeneous texture and structure in metal materials under equal-channel angular pressing SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE equal-channel angular pressing; alpha-Ti; texture; substructure; inhomogeneity; residual elastic microstrain; dislocation density AB Texture analysis and the new X-ray method of Generalized Pole Figures (GPF) were used by the study of texture and substructure inhomogeneity of Ti rods, submitted to Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) at 400 degrees C. Local texture features testify about gradual rotation of loading axes by similar to 15 degrees when crossing the rod's section. As a result of second pass (route C), the specific ECAP texture weakens and the textureless component intensifies. Observed substructure changes are connected with development of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. C1 Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Ufa 450000, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Isaenkova, M (reprint author), Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Kashirskoe Shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russia. EM perlovich@hotmail.com; iva@mail.rb.ru; irene@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 827 EP 832 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400127 ER PT S AU Necker, CT Alexander, DJ Beyerlein, IJ AF Necker, CT Alexander, DJ Beyerlein, IJ BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Equal channel extrusion heterogeneities in recrystallized copper SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE ECAE; copper; recrystallization; heterogeneity; texture; microstructure ID ANGULAR EXTRUSION; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; ECAE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Various processing routes have been studied to develop the most efficient route toward microstructure refinement and texture homogenization. Most studies have focused on the central shear zone in round or square cross-section rods. However, the utility or application of these materials is subject to conditions across the entire rod. This study begins to investigate the development of recrystallization textures and microstructures across copper ECAE processed via route Bc through 16 passes. Although the recrystallized condition appears to be reasonably homogeneous after 4 or 8 passes, additional passes lead to stronger, heterogeneous recrystallization textures and coarsened microstructures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Necker, CT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ctn@lanl.gov; djaxelander@lanl.gov; irene@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 857 EP 862 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400132 ER PT S AU Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN Castaneda, PP AF Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN Castaneda, PP BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Improving the self-consistent predictions of texture development of polycrystals incorporating intragranular field fluctuations SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE self-consistent; second-order moments; field fluctuations; fcc; ice ID NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; DEFORMATION AB In this contribution we present how to implement the calculation of average field fluctuations inside the gains of a thermoelastic aggregate in terms of the derivatives of the stress potential given by the: standard linear self-consistent (SC) model, and how this statistical information can be used to generate second-order estimates for the mechanical behavior of non-linear viscoplastic polycrystals, by means of a rigorous non-linear homogenization procedure. To illustrate the differences between this second-order (SO) self-consistent approach and the classical first-order SC approximations, we compare them in terms of their predictions of the effective behavior of random fcc polycrystals as a function of their rate-sensitivity, and of the texture evolution in hcp ice polycrystals under uniaxial compression. In the latter case, the SO approximation is the only one able to predict a substantial accommodation of deformation by basal slip, even when the basal poles become strongly aligned with the compression direction and the basal slip systems became unfavorably oriented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ecole Polytech, Dept Mecan, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lebenso@lanl.gov; tome@lanl.gov; ponte@lms.polytechnique.fr RI Ponte Castaneda, Pedro/B-1834-2008; Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013 OI Ponte Castaneda, Pedro/0000-0003-2565-8899; Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 955 EP 963 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400146 ER PT S AU Tome, CN Kaschner, GC AF Tome, CN Kaschner, GC BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Modeling texture, twinning and hardening evolution during deformation of hexagonal materials SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE twinning; polycrystal model; hardening; hexagonal materials ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; SIMULATION; SLIP; METALS AB Hexagonal materials deform plastically by activating diverse slip and twinning modes. The activation of such modes depends on their relative critical stresses, function of temperature and strain rate, and the orientation of the crystals with respect to the loading direction. For a constitutive description of these materials to be reliable, it has to account for texture evolution associated with twin reorientation, and for the effect of the twin barriers on dislocation propagation and on the stress-strain response. In this work we introduce a model for twinning which accounts explicitly for the composite character of the grain, formed by a matrix with embedded twin lamellae which evolve with deformation. Texture evolution takes place through reorientation due to slip and twinning. The role of the twins as barriers to dislocations is explicitly incorporated into the hardening description via a directional Hall-Petch mechanism. We apply this model to the interpretation of compression experiments both, monotonic and changing the loading direction, done in rolled Zr at 76K. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tome, CN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MST-8,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tome@lanl.gov; kaschner@lanl.gov RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 1001 EP 1006 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400153 ER PT S AU Brown, DW Agnew, SR Abeln, SP Blumenthal, WR Bourke, MAM Mataya, MC Tome, CN Vogel, SC AF Brown, DW Agnew, SR Abeln, SP Blumenthal, WR Bourke, MAM Mataya, MC Tome, CN Vogel, SC BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI The role of texture, temperature, and strain rate in the activity of deformation twinning SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE deformation twin; neutron diffraction; anisotropy; beryllium; magnesium; texture; temperature; strain rate ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB Plastic deformation in cubic metals is relatively simple due to the high crystallographic symmetry of the underlying structure. Typically, one unique slip mode can provide arbitrary deformation. This is not true in lower symmetry hexagonal metals, where prismatic and basal slip (the usual favored modes) are insufficient to provide arbitrary deformation. Often, either pyramidal slip and/or deformation twinning must be activated to accommodate imposed plastic deformation. The varied difficulty of activating each of these deformation mechanisms results in a highly anisotropic yield surface and subsequent mechanical properties. Further, the relative activity of each deformation mode may be manipulated through control of the initial crystallographic texture, opening new opportunities for the optimization of mechanical properties for a given application. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dbrown@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Zhang, Jing/B-1421-2012; Barsoum, Michel/I-2842-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; OI Barsoum, Michel/0000-0001-7800-3517; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 1037 EP 1042 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400159 ER PT B AU Wang, H Porter, WD Sharp, J AF Wang, H Porter, WD Sharp, J GP IEEE TI Thermal conductivity measurements of bulk thermoelectric materials SO ICT: 2005 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Clemson, SC AB Thermal conductivity is an important material property of the bulk thermoelectrics. To improve ZT a reduced thermal conductivity is always desired. However, there is no standard material for thermoelectrics and the test results, even on the same material, often show significant scatter. The scatter in thermal conductivity made reported ZT values uncertain and sometime unrepeatable. One of the reasons for the uncertainty is due to the microstructure differences resulting from sintering, heat treatment and other processing parameters. We selected commonly used bulk thermoelectric materials and conducted thermal conductivity measurements using the laser flash diffusivity and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) systems. Thermal conductivity was measured as a function of temperature from room temperature to 500 K and back to room temperature. The effect of thermal cycling on the bulk thermoelectric was studied. Combined with measurements on electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient, we show the use of a ZT map in selecting tbermoelectrics. The commercial bulk material showed very good consistency and reliability compared to other bulk materials. Our goal is to develop a thermal transport properties database for the bulk thermoelectrics and make the information available to the research community and industry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9551-4 PY 2005 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1109/ICT.2005.1519895 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDP09 UT WOS:000234650600023 ER PT B AU Hendricks, TJ AF Hendricks, TJ GP IEEE TI Comparison of skutterudites and advanced thin-film B4C/B9C and Si/SiGe materials in advanced thermoelectric energy recovery systems SO ICT: 2005 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Clemson, SC AB Various advanced thermoelectric (TE) materials have properties that are inherently advantageous for particular TE energy recovery applications. Skutterudites, 0- and 1-dimensional quantum-well materials, and thin-film superlattice materials are providing enhanced opportunities for advanced TE energy recovery. This work demonstrates that early skutterudites materials in dual-material, segmented couple designs may be best suited for higher temperature applications associated with spacecraft power systems and very high temperature exhaust waste heat recovery in heavy vehicles. Early thin-film BxC/Si-SiGe materials appear to be well suited for mid-temperature ranges in exhaust waste heat recovery in heavy-duty and passenger vehicles. Potential power generation at specific exhaust temperature levels and for various heat exchanger performance levels are presented showing the current design sensitivities using each of these TE material sets. Mathematical relationships inherently linking optimum TE design variables and the thermal systems design (i.e., heat exchangers) are also investigated. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Computat Mech Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hendricks, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Computat Mech Div, 902 Batelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9551-4 PY 2005 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1109/ICT.2005.1519963 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDP09 UT WOS:000234650600091 ER PT B AU Kettimuthu, R Muthukrishnan, S AF Kettimuthu, R Muthukrishnan, S BE Yang, LT Arabnia, HR Wang, LC TI Is Bluetooth suitable for large-scale sensor networks? SO ICWN '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Wireless Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wireless Networks (ICWN'05) CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB Bluetooth is presently the object of much hype by the consortium of large corporate organizations. Bluetooth is developed for local small area networking. It is a technology for replacing the mess of wires that interconnect the electronic gadgets that are widely used. More than a cable replacement technology, it is expected to make a huge impact in ad hoc networking domain. A number of questions remain unanswered regarding the practical utility of Bluetooth in large-scale ad hoc networks. In this paper, we discuss some of the issues involved in using the Bluetooth technology in large-scale distributed sensor networks. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kettimuthu, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-55-6 PY 2005 BP 448 EP 454 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BEA14 UT WOS:000236399500067 ER PT B AU Bolte, J Collar, JI Crisler, M Holmgren, D Nakazawa, D Odom, B O'Sullivan, K Plunkett, R Ramberg, E Raskin, A Sonnenschein, A Vieira, J AF Bolte, J Collar, JI Crisler, M Holmgren, D Nakazawa, D Odom, B O'Sullivan, K Plunkett, R Ramberg, E Raskin, A Sonnenschein, A Vieira, J BE Spooner, NJC Kudryavtsev, V TI COUPP, a heavy-liquid bubble chamber for WIMP detection SO Identification of Dark Matter LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter CY SEP 06-10, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND AB The capabilities and reach of the first phase of COUPP (the Chicago Observatory for Underground Particle Physics) are described. During this first phase of the experiment a 2 kg CF3 I bubble chamber sensitive to WIMPs will be operated at the similar to 300 m.w.e. of the Minos-near gallery at FNAL. Prospects for larger devices are briefly discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bolte, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-344-X PY 2005 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1142/9789812701848_0052 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCT69 UT WOS:000231146400052 ER PT B AU Kinion, D AF Kinion, D BE Spooner, NJC Kudryavtsev, V TI Status of the Axion Dark-Matter Experiment (ADMX) SO IDENTIFICATION OF DARK MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter CY SEP 06-10, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND ID CP INVARIANCE AB The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been searching for dark-matter axions using the Sikivie microwave cavity technique. Axions are light pseudoscalar particles which arise from the Peccei-Quinn solution to the Strong-CP problem. The ADMX collaboration includes LLNL, the University of Florida, the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, and the University of California at Berkeley. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kinion, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kinion1@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-344-X PY 2005 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1142/9789812701848_0064 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCT69 UT WOS:000231146400064 ER PT J AU Basilio, LI Williams, JT Jackson, DR Khayat, MA AF Basilio, LI Williams, JT Jackson, DR Khayat, MA TI A comparative study of a new GPS reduced-surface-wave antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE choke ring antennas; global positioning system (GPS); microstrip antennas; multipath interference AB A new global positioning system (GPS) antenna design based on the reduced-surface-wave (RSW) microstrip antenna concept is introduced. In addition to retaining the advantages common to microstrip antennas, these new GPS antennas will be shown to provide comparable performance to the most commonly used GPS antennas, including choke-ring designs. The reduced horizon and backside levels, and good circular polarization characteristics indicate that this new antenna design is ideal for high-precision GPS applications. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Basilio, LI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2005 VL 4 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2005.851105 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 023KD UT WOS:000236124700061 ER PT J AU Gao, JB Kao, NSV AF Gao, JB Kao, NSV TI TCP AIMD dynamics over Internet connections SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TCP AIMD; transport dynamics; chaotic dynamics; Internet traces ID TIME-SERIES; NOISE; CHAOS AB The precise nature of TCP dynamics over Internet connections has not been well understood, since the existing results are solely analytical or based on simulations. We employ the time-dependent exponent curves and logarithmic displacement curves to study TCP AIMD congestion window-size traces over Internet connections. We show that these dynamics have two dominant parts, a stochastic component in response to network traffic and a deterministic chaotic component due to the nonlinearity of protocol. These dynamics can be largely characterized as anomalous diffusions with a very large exponent. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gao, JB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gao@ece.ufl.edu; raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2005.01018 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 885TU UT WOS:000226180700002 ER PT J AU Hu, J Branz, HM Stradins, P Ward, S Duda, A Wang, Q Perlov, C Jackson, WB Taussig, C AF Hu, J Branz, HM Stradins, P Ward, S Duda, A Wang, Q Perlov, C Jackson, WB Taussig, C TI Write-once diode/antifuse memory element with a sol-gel silica antifuse cured at low temperature SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antifuse; electronic memory switching; sol-gel made silica; thin-film diode ID FILMS AB A write-once programmable memory element is based on a spin-coated sol-gel silica antifuse layer cured at 100 degreesC. This antifuse is integrated with a thin-film silicon diode deposited at 160 degreesC by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. When a 3 to 5 V electrical pulse is applied across a diode/antifuse element, the silica breaks down suddenly and the current passing through the element increases irreversibly by more than about 10(4). The on-state exhibits a diode-like current-voltage characteristic with a forward-reverse asymmetry of nearly 100 at 1 V and is stable if there was hexamethyldisilazane treatment of the wet-gel film before curing. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. MVSystems Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jhu@mvsystemsinc.com; qi_wang@nrel.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 19 DI 10.1109/LED.2004.839218 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 884DS UT WOS:000226065400007 ER PT S AU Wu, QS Rao, NSV AF Wu, QS Rao, NSV BE Makki, K Knightly, E TI A class of reliable UDP-based transport protocols based on stochastic approximation SO IEEE INFOCOM 2005: THE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc DE link utilization; congestion control; AIMD; stochastic approximation; flow control AB The capacities of Internet backbone links have been continuously improving over the last decade, but such improvements have not been fully realized at the application level, particularly in high-performance applications. The complicated and monolithic TCP-AIMD dynamics are responsible to a large degree for low throughputs as a result of the difficulty in optimally configuring its parameters such as buffer sizes, AIMD coefficients, and slow-start transition points. In this paper, we propose a new class of UDP-based transport protocols that utilize a rate control scheme founded on the stochastic approximation method to achieve high throughputs at the application level. These protocols operate around a local maximum of the throughput regression curve by dynamically adjusting the source rate in response to acknowledgements and losses based on the statistical behavior of the network connection. We analytically show that this protocol generates a TCP-friendly flow, and also stochastically converges to the maximum throughput under a monotone loss rate condition. Our implementation achieved very robust performance over diverse Internet connections with different characteristics: it tracked the peak throughput in presence of time-varying cross traffic and consistently achieved 25 times the throughput of default TCP without significantly affecting the concurrent regular traffic. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wuqn@ornl.gov; raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-166X BN 0-7803-8968-9 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2005 BP 1013 EP 1024 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCV64 UT WOS:000231441001022 ER PT S AU Ayyorgun, S Vanichpun, S Feng, WC AF Ayyorgun, S Vanichpun, S Feng, WC BE Makki, K Knightly, E TI Q-Composer and CpR: A probabilistic synthesizer and regulator of traffic - (A probabilistic control of buffer occupancy) SO IEEE Infocom 2005: The Conference on Computer Communications, Vols 1-4, Proceedings SE IEEE INFOCOM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc ID NETWORKS; DELAY AB We present and. show the correctness of two algorithms called Q-Composer and CpR. Q-Composer is a probabilistic traffic-synthesizer and CpR is a probabilistic traffic-regulator. Given a cumulative distribution function F, Q-Composer synthesizes a flow that when, fed into a single-input single-output network element, the distribution of the queue-size probability at the element closely follows F. CpR regulates an arbitrary traffic so that when the regulated traffic (i.e. the output of CpR) is fed into a single-input single-output network element, the distribution of the queue-size probability at the element closely follows a pre-specified cdf F. CpR can be viewed as a probabilistic generalization of deterministic Leaky-bucket regulators. Q-Composer and CpR are straightforward algorithms to implement and have applications in providing end-to-end probabilistic quality-of-service guarantees, multimedia encoding/decoding, resource allocation, and in simulation studies, beside other areas. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ayyorgun, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-166X BN 0-7803-8968-9 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2005 BP 1303 EP 1315 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCV64 UT WOS:000231441001048 ER PT J AU Ji, C Broeke, RG Du, Y Cao, J Chubun, N Bjeletich, P Olsson, F Lourdudoss, S Welty, R Reinhardt, C Stephan, PL Yoo, SJB AF Ji, C Broeke, RG Du, Y Cao, J Chubun, N Bjeletich, P Olsson, F Lourdudoss, S Welty, R Reinhardt, C Stephan, PL Yoo, SJB TI Monolithically integrated InP-based photonic chip development for O-CDMA systems SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE arrayed waveguide gratingg; colliding pulse mode (CPM) locked laser; InP; Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI); monolithic integration; nonlinear threshold detector; optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA); photonic integration ID MODE-LOCKED LASER; 1.5 MU-M; LOCKING; PULSES; PHASE AB This paper discusses photonic integration efforts toward developing an InP-based inonolithically integrated photonic chip for optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) system applications. The chip design includes the colliding pulsed mode (CPM) locked laser, the. Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based threshold detector (MZI), and the monolithic O-CDMA encoder/decoder chip based on array-waveguide-gratings and phase modulator arrays. The compact 4 x I cm monolithic chip can replace a complex and large O-CDMA setup based on bulk optics. The integration technique involves active-passive integration using dry etching, metal organic chemical vapor deposition growth, and lateral hydride vapor phase epitaxy regrowth technologies. The fabricated CPM showed stable 1.54 ps modelocked laser output, the MZI showed excellent O-CDMA threshold detection, and the O-CDMA encoder showed Walsh-code O-CDMA, encoding. Further, the fabricated devices showed excellent planarity, which accelerate our progress toward monolithic integration of O-CDMA systems. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Royal Inst Technol, KTH Electrum 229, Dept Microelect & Informat Technol, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ji, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yoo@ece.ucdavis.edu RI Nikolic, Rebecca/C-3618-2009 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.841710 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 897OQ UT WOS:000227014900008 ER PT B AU Nielson, GN Barbastathis, G AF Nielson, GN Barbastathis, G GP IEEE TI A physically based model for dielectric charging in an integrated optical MEMS wavelength selective switch SO IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMs 2005: International Conference on Optical MEMs and Their Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMs and Their Applications CY AUG 01-04, 2005 CL Oulu, FINLAND SP IEEE, LEOS ID RELIABILITY AB A physical parameter based model for dielectric charge accumulation is proposed and used to predict the displacement versus applied voltage and pull-in response of an electrostatic MEMS wavelength selective integrated optical switch. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nielson, GN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9278-7 PY 2005 BP 69 EP 70 DI 10.1109/OMEMS.2005.1540081 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDB41 UT WOS:000232362400033 ER PT J AU Dunigan, TH Vetter, JS White, JB Worley, PH AF Dunigan, TH Vetter, JS White, JB Worley, PH TI Performance evaluation of the Cray X1 distributed shared memory architecture SO IEEE MICRO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnects CY AUG 25-27, 2004 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP IEEE HO Stanford Univ AB THE CRAY X1 SUPERCOMPUTER'S DISTRIBUTED SHARED MEMORY PRESENTS A 64-BIT GLOBAL ADDRESS SPACE THAT IS DIRECTLY ADDRESSABLE FROM EVERY MSP WITH AN INTERCONNECT BANDWIDTH PER COMPUTATION RATE OF 1 BYTE/FLOP. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT THIS HIGH BANDWIDTH AND LOW LATENCY FOR REMOTE MEMORY ACCESSES TRANSLATE INTO IMPROVED APPLICATION PERFORMANCE ON IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vetter, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS-6173, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vetter@computer.org NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1732 J9 IEEE MICRO JI IEEE Micro PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1109/MM.2005.20 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 905ZO UT WOS:000227610500006 ER PT J AU Steinwart, I AF Steinwart, I TI Consistency of support vector machines and other regularized kernel classifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE computational learning theory; kernel methods; pattern recognition; regularization; support vector machines (SVMs); universal consistency ID GENERALIZATION PERFORMANCE; ENTROPY NUMBERS; CONVEX HULLS; CLASSIFICATION; NETWORKS; OPERATORS; CONVERGENCE; STABILITY AB It is shown that various classifiers that are based on minimization of a regularized risk are universally consistent, i.e., they can asymptotically learn in every classification task. The role of the loss functions used in these algorithms is considered in detail. As an application of our general framework, several types of support vector machines (SVMs) as well as regularization networks are treated. Our methods combine techniques from stochastics, approximation theory, and functional analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ingo@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 46 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD JAN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 1 BP 128 EP 142 DI 10.1109/TIT.2004.839514 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 885TH UT WOS:000226179300009 ER PT J AU Kaye, RJ AF Kaye, RJ TI Operational requirements and issues for coilgun electromagnetic launchers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE circuit analysis; coilguns; electromagnetic induction; electromagnetic launching; software verification and validation; statistics; switched capacitor circuits; timing jitter ID RECONNECTION LAUNCHER; TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN AB Coilgun electromagnetic launchers have capability for low- and high-speed applications. Through the development of four guns having projectiles ranging from 10 g to 5 kg and speeds up to 1 km/s, Sandia National Laboratories' has succeeded in coilgun design and operations, validating the computational codes and basis for gun system control. Coilguns developed at Sandia consist of many,coils stacked end-to-end forming a barrel, with each coil energized in sequence to create a traveling magnetic wave that accelerates a projectile. Active tracking of the projectile location during launch provides precise feedback to control when the coils are triggered to create this wave. However, optimum performance depends also on selection of coil parameters. This paper discusses issues related to coilgun design and control such as tradeoffs in geometry and circuit parameters to achieve the necessary current risetime to establish the energy in the coils. The impact of switch jitter on gun performance is also assessed for high-speed applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kaye, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjkaye@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 41 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838982 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400009 ER PT J AU Ioakeimidi, K Leheny, RF Gradinaru, S Bolton, PR Aldana, R Ma, K Clendenin, JE Harris, JS Pease, RFW AF Ioakeimidi, K Leheny, RF Gradinaru, S Bolton, PR Aldana, R Ma, K Clendenin, JE Harris, JS Pease, RFW TI Photoelectronic analog-to-digital conversion: Sampling and quantizing at 100 Gs/s SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE analog-to-digital conversion; cathode ray tubes; flash converters; high-speed optoelectronics; mode-locked lasers; optical sampling; temporal jitter ID CONVERTER AB In high-speed analog-to-digital conversion of microwave bandwidth signals, jitter on the sampling pulse train limits speed and resolution. The use of a mode-locked laser pulse train to minimize jitter has been previously reported; in such previous study, the laser pulses are converted to electrical pulses through photoconduction. Here, we report initial results on a technique in which the conversion is performed by photoelectron emission. The electron pulse train serves as the sampling comb and is emitted from a photocathode illuminated by 266-nm 1.3-ps laser pulses. Each pulse is deflected by the analog voltage applied at a pair of miniature deflector plates to land on a code plate made up of an array of electron detectors. We report results of sampling and quantizing at 100 Gs/s using a metal photocathode. Our measurements indicate that our analog-to-digital converter achieves a 3-bit resolution. Experiments are now underway that employ 200-fs 730-mn pulses and an AlGaAs/GaAs photocathode and should show at least 4-bit resolution at 100 Gs/s. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Integrated Syst Extens, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ioakeimidi, K (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM katerina@Stanford.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.839923 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 887ZI UT WOS:000226343600038 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Modeling and Simulations of a single-spin measurement using MRFM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nanotechnology Council Quantum Device Technology Workshop CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY SP IEEE NTC HO Clarkson Univ DE adiabatic reversals; magnetic noise; magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM); master equation; micromechanical cantilever; quantum decoherence; quantum entanglement; quantum jumps; thermal diffusion; wave function collapse ID RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB We review the quantum theory of a single-spin magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM). We concentrate on the novel technique called oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals (OSCARs), which has been used for a single-spin detection. First we describe the quantum dynamics of the cantilever-spin system using simple estimates in the spirit of the mean field approximation. Then we present the results of our computer simulations of the Schrodinger equation for the wave function of the cantilever-spin system and of the master equation for the density matrix of the system. We demonstrate that the cantilever behaves like a quasi-classical measurement device which detects the spin projection along the effective magnetic field. We show that the OSCAR technique provides continuous monitoring of the single spin, which could be used to detect the mysterious quantum collapses of the wave function of the cantilever-spin system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Cattolica, Brescia, Italy. Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gpb@lanl.gov; borgonov@dmf.bs.unicatt.it; gorshkov@cnls.lanl.gov; vtsifrin@duke.poly.edu RI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/J-3329-2015; OI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649; borgonovi, fausto/0000-0002-9730-1189 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2004.840143 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 886VM UT WOS:000226260900004 ER PT J AU Mozyrsky, D Martin, I AF Mozyrsky, D Martin, I TI Effects of strong correlations in single electron traps in field-effect transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nanotechnology Council Quantum Device Technology Workshop CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY SP IEEE NTC HO Clarkson Univ DE impurities; magnetoelectric effects; MOS devices; tunneling ID KONDO PROBLEM; NOISE; INTERFACE AB We study effects of strong electron-electron and electron-phonon correlations in single electron traps in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (FETs). In order to explain the strong suppression of single electron tunneling in the trap, we introduce a model in which the excess charge of the trap couples to a local lattice deformation. By using nonperturbative techniques, we derive an effective low-energy action for the system. The behavior of the system is characterized by simultaneous polaron tunneling (corresponding to the charging and discharging of the trap) and Kondo screening of the trap spin in the singly occupied state. Hence, the obtained state of the system is a hybrid between the Kondo regime, typically associated with single electron occupancy, and the mixed valence regime, associated with large charge fluctuations. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, we demonstrate that the system is equivalent to a two-level system coupled to an Ohmic bath, with a bias controlled by the applied magnetic field. Due to the Kondo screening, the effect of the magnetic field is significantly suppressed in the singly occupied state. We claim that this suppression can be responsible for the experimentally observed anomalous magnetic field dependence of the average trap occupancy in Si-SiO2 FETs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mozyrsky, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2004.840162 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 886VM UT WOS:000226260900017 ER PT J AU Rey-De-Castro, R Wang, DZ Verevkin, A Mycielski, A Sobolewski, R AF Rey-De-Castro, R Wang, DZ Verevkin, A Mycielski, A Sobolewski, R TI Cd1-xMnxTe semimagnetic semiconductors for ultrafast spintronics and magnetooptics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nanotechnology Council Quantum Device Technology Workshop CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY SP IEEE NTC HO Clarkson Univ DE femtosecond optical spectroscopy; magnetooptics; semimagnetic semiconductors; spintronics ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; QUANTUM-WELLS; DYNAMICS; POLARONS; PROBE AB We present ultrafast optical characterization of Cd1-xMnxTe single crystals with high (x > 0.5 - Mn) concentration, studied by magnetooptical sampling and time-resolved magnetization modulation spectroscopy. We have demonstrated that the dynamics of both Mn spins and carrier spins in Cd1-xMnxTe is extremely fast (in the subpicosecond range), making the nanostructures based on this material very promising for applications in spintronics and magnetooptics. C1 Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Energet, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Rey-De-Castro, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Sobolewski, Roman/A-1979-2013 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2004.840164 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 886VM UT WOS:000226260900020 ER PT J AU Rao, NSV Reister, DB Barhen, J AF Rao, NSV Reister, DB Barhen, J TI Information fusion methods based on physical laws SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE information fusion; distribution free bounds; covering numbers; sensor fusion; Vapnik-Chervonenkis theory; physical laws; methane hydrates exploration ID SENSOR AB We consider systems whose parameters satisfy certain easily computable physical laws. Each parameter is directly measured by a number of sensors, or estimated using measurements, or both. The measurement process may introduce both systematic and random errors which may then propagate into the estimates. Furthermore, the actual parameter values are not known since every parameter is measured or estimated, which makes the existing sample-based fusion methods inapplicable. We propose a fusion method for combining the measurements and estimators based on the least violation of physical laws that relate the parameters. Under fairly general smoothness and nonsmoothness conditions on the physical laws, we show the asymptotic convergence of our method and also derive distribution-free performance bounds based on finite samples. For suitable choices of the fuser classes, we show that for each parameter the fused estimate is probabilistically at least as good as its best measurement as well as best estimate. We illustrate the effectiveness of this method for a practical problem of fusing well-log data in methane hydrate exploration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Mailstop 6061,Bldg 5600, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov; reisterdb@ornl.gov; barhenj@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.12 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 870BE UT WOS:000225028200007 PM 15628269 ER PT J AU Freitas, W Huang, ZY Xu, WS AF Freitas, W Huang, ZY Xu, WS TI A practical method for assessing the effectiveness of vector surge relays for distributed generation applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE distributed generation; islanding detection; synchronous generators; vector shift relays; vector surge relays AB This paper presents a simple and reliable method for predicting the islanding detection performance. of vector surge relays. The relay performance is characterized by A tripping-time versus power-imbalance curve. With the curve, one can determine the time taken by a vector surge relay to detect islanding for any generation-load mismatch level. The main contribution of this paper is the development of analytical formulas for-directly determining the behavior of vector surge relays. As a result, efforts needed to asses the relay performance for a given distributed generation scheme can be simplified significantly. The accuracy of the formulas has been verified by extensive simulation study results. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Freitas, W (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM walmir@ieee.org; zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; wxu@ee.ualberta.ca RI Freitas, Walmir/A-2516-2008 OI Freitas, Walmir/0000-0002-2042-6741 NR 5 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2004.838637 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 884EG UT WOS:000226066800008 ER PT B AU Wilson, A Brannon, R AF Wilson, A Brannon, R BE Silva, CT Croller, E Rushmeier, H TI Exploring 2D tensor fields using stress nets SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2005, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2005 Conference CY OCT 23-28, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM SIGGRAPH DE tensor field; stress tensor; streamlines; controlled density streamlines; crack propagation AB In this article we describe stress nets, a technique for exploring 2D tensor fields. Our method allows a user to examine simultaneously the tensors' eigenvectors (both major and minor) as well as scalar-valued tensor invariants. By avoiding noise-advection techniques, we are able to display both principal directions of the tensor field as well as the derived scalars without cluttering the display. We present a GPU-only implementation of stress nets as well as a hybrid CPU/GPU approach and discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each. Stress nets have been used as part of an investigation into crack propagation. They were used to display the directions of maximum shear in a slab of material under tension as well as the magnitude of the shear forces acting on each point. Our methods allowed users to find new features in the data that were not visible on standard plots of tensor invariants. These features disagree with commonly accepted analytical crack propagation solutions and have sparked renewed investigation. Though developed for a materials mechanics problem, our method applies equally well to any 2D tensor field having unique characteristic directions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0822, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM atwilso@sandia.gov; rmbrann@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9462-3 PY 2005 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP12 UT WOS:000234666200002 ER PT B AU Stockinger, K Shalf, J Wu, KS Bethel, EW AF Stockinger, K Shalf, J Wu, KS Bethel, EW BE Silva, CT Croller, E Rushmeier, H TI Query-driven visualization of large data sets SO IEEE Visualization 2005, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2005 Conference CY OCT 23-28, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM SIGGRAPH DE query-driven visualization; visual analytics; bitmap index; multivariate visualization; large data visualization; data analysis; scientific data management AB We present a practical and general-purpose approach to large and complex visual data analysis where visualization processing, rendering and subsequent human interpretation is constrained to the subset of data deemed interesting by the user. In many scientific data analysis applications, "interesting" data can be defined by compound Boolean range queries of the form (temperature > 1000) AND (70 < pressure < 90). As data sizes grow larger, a central challenge is to answer such queries as efficiently as possible. Prior work in the visualization community has focused on answering range queries for scalar fields within the context of accelerating the search phase of isosurface algorithms. In contrast, our work describes an approach that leverages state-of-the-art indexing technology from the scientific data management community called "bitmap indexing." Our implementation, which we call "DEX" (short for dextrous data explorer), uses bitmap indexing to efficiently answer multivariate, multidimensional data queries to provide input to a visualization pipeline. We present an analysis overview and benchmark results that show bitmap indexing offers significant storage and performance improvements when compared to previous approaches for accelerating the search phase of isosurface algorithms. More importantly, since bitmap indexing supports complex multidimensional, multivariate range queries, it is more generally applicable to scientific data visualization and analysis problems. In addition to benchmark performance and analysis, we apply DEX to a typical scientific visualization problem encountered in combustion simulation data analysis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stockinger, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9462-3 PY 2005 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP12 UT WOS:000234666200022 ER PT B AU Gao, JZ Huang, JA Johnson, CR Atchley, S Kohl, JA AF Gao, JZ Huang, JA Johnson, CR Atchley, S Kohl, JA BE Silva, CT Croller, E Rushmeier, H TI Distributed data management for large volume visualization SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2005, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2005 Conference CY OCT 23-28, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM SIGGRAPH DE large data visualization; distributed storage; logistical networking; visibility culling; volume rendering; multiresolution rendering AB We propose a distributed data management scheme for large data visualization that emphasizes efficient data sharing and access. To minimize data access time and support users with a variety of local computing capabilities, we introduce an adaptive data selection method based on an "Enhanced Time-Space Partitioning" (ETSP) tree that assists with effective visibility culling, as well as multiresolution data selection. By traversing the tree, our data management algorithm can quickly identify the visible regions of data, and, for each region, adaptively choose the lowest resolution satisfying user-specified error tolerances. Only necessary data elements are accessed and sent to the visualization pipeline. To further address the issue of sharing large-scale data among geographically distributed collaborative teams, we have designed an infrastructure for integrating our data management technique with a distributed data storage system provided by Logistical Networking (LoN). Data sets at different resolutions are generated and uploaded to LoN for wide-area access. We describe a parallel volume rendering system that verifies the effectiveness of our data storage, selection and access scheme. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gaoj@ornl.gov; huangj@cs.utk.edu; cjohnson@cs.utk.edu; atchley@cs.utk.edu; kohlja@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9462-3 PY 2005 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP12 UT WOS:000234666200024 ER PT B AU Laney, D Callahan, SP Max, N Silva, CT Langer, S Frank, R AF Laney, D Callahan, SP Max, N Silva, CT Langer, S Frank, R BE Silva, CT Croller, E Rushmeier, H TI Hardware-accelerated simulated radiography SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2005, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2005 Conference CY OCT 23-28, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM SIGGRAPH DE volume rendering; hardware acceleration ID PROJECTION AB We present the application of hardware accelerated volume rendering algorithms to the simulation of radiographs as an aid to scientists designing experiments, validating simulation codes, and understanding experimental data. The techniques presented take advantage of 32-bit floating point texture capabilities to obtain solutions to the radiative transport equation for X-rays. The hardware accelerated solutions are accurate enough to enable scientists to explore the experimental design space with greater efficiency than the methods currently in use. An unsorted hexahedron projection algorithm is presented for curvilinear hexahedral meshes that produces simulated radiographs in the absorption-only regime. A sorted tetrahedral projection algorithm is presented that simulates radiographs of emissive materials. We apply the tetrahedral projection algorithm to the simulation of experimental diagnostics for inertial confinement fusion experiments on a laser at the University of Rochester. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dlaney@llnl.gov; stevec@sci.utah.edu; max2@llnl.gov; csilva@cs.utah.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9462-3 PY 2005 BP 343 EP 350 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP12 UT WOS:000234666200044 ER PT B AU Skinner, D Kramer, W AF Skinner, D Kramer, W TI Understanding the causes of performance variability in HPC workloads SO IISWC - 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WORKLOAD CHARACTERIZATION SE International Symposium on Workload Characterization Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization CY OCT 06-08, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc & Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE AB While most workload characterization focuses on application and architecture performance, the variability in performance also has wide ranging impacts on the users and managers of large scale computing resources. Performance variability, though secondary to absolute performance itself, can significantly detract from both the overall performance realized by parallel workloads and the suitability of a given architecture for a workload. In making choices about how to best match an HPC workload to an HPC architecture most examinations focus primarily on application performance, often in terms nominal or, optimal performance. A practical concern which brackets the degree to which one can expect to see this performance in a multi-user production computing environment is the degree to which performance varies. Without an understanding of the performance variability exhibited by a computer for a given workload, in a practical sense, the effective performance that can be realized is still undetermined. In this work we examine both architectural and application causes of variability, quantify their impacts, and demonstrate performance gains realized by reducing variability. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Skinner, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9461-5 J9 I S WORKL CHAR PROC PY 2005 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1109/IISWC.2005.1526010 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BDJ71 UT WOS:000233858500016 ER PT B AU Munson, TS Hovland, PD AF Munson, TS Hovland, PD TI The FeasNewt benchmark SO IISWC - 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WORKLOAD CHARACTERIZATION SE International Symposium on Workload Characterization Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization CY OCT 06-08, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc & Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE AB We describe the FeasNewt mesh-quality optimization benchmark. The performance of the code is dominated by three phases-gradient evaluation, Hessian evaluation and assembly, and sparse matrix-vector products that have very different mixtures of floating-point operations and memory access patterns. The code includes an optional runtime data- and iteration-reordering phase, making it suitable for research on irregular memory access patterns. Mesh-quality optimization (or "mesh smoothing") is an important ingredient in the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) as well as an excellent surrogate for finite-element or finite-volume PDE solvers. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Munson, TS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tmunson@mcs.anl.gov; hovland@mcs.anl.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9461-5 J9 I S WORKL CHAR PROC PY 2005 BP 150 EP 154 DI 10.1109/IISWC.2005.1526011 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BDJ71 UT WOS:000233858500017 ER PT B AU Kamil, S Shalf, J Oliker, L Skinner, D AF Kamil, S Shalf, J Oliker, L Skinner, D TI Understanding ultra-scale application communication requirements SO IISWC - 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WORKLOAD CHARACTERIZATION SE International Symposium on Workload Characterization Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization CY OCT 06-08, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc & Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE ID SYSTEMS AB As thermal constraints reduce the pace of CPU performance improvements, the cost and scalability of future HPC architectures will be increasingly dominated by the interconnect. In this work we perform an in-depth study of the communication requirements across a broad spectrum of important scientific applications, whose computational methods include: finite-difference, lattice-bolzmann, particle in cell, sparse linear algebra, particle mesh ewald, and FFT-based solvers. We use the IPM (integrated Performance Monitoring) profiling framework to collect detailed statistics on communication topology and message volume with minimal impact to code performance. By characterizing the parallelism and communication requirements of such a diverse set of applications, we hope to guide architectural choices for the design and implementation of interconnects for future HPC systems. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kamil, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9461-5 J9 I S WORKL CHAR PROC PY 2005 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1109/IISWC.2005.1526015 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BDJ71 UT WOS:000233858500021 ER PT S AU Kamath, C Gezahegne, A Newsam, S Roberts, GM AF Kamath, C Gezahegne, A Newsam, S Roberts, GM BE Said, A Apostolopoulos, JG TI Salient points for tracking moving objects in video SO IMAGE AND VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS AND PROCESSING 2005, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Video Communications and Processing 2005 CY JAN 18-20, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging & Sci Technol DE salient points; detecting moving objects; video tracking ID SCALE AB Detection and tracking of moving objects is important in the analysis of video data. One approach is to maintain a background model of the scene and subtract it from each frame to detect the moving objects which can then be tracked using Kalman or particle filters. In this paper, we consider simple techniques based on salient points to identify moving objects which are tracked using motion correspondence. We focus on video with a large field of view, such as a traffic intersection with several buildings nearby. Such scenes can contain several salient points, not all of which move between frames. Using public domain video and two types of salient points, we consider how to make these techniques computationally efficient for detection and tracking. Our early results indicate that salient regions obtained using the Lowe keypoints algorithm and the Scale-Saliency algorithm can be used successfully to track vehicles in moderate resolution video. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kamath2@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5658-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5685 BP 442 EP 453 DI 10.1117/12.587323 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCC74 UT WOS:000228661000043 ER PT S AU Newsam, S Kamath, C AF Newsam, S Kamath, C BE Dougherty, ER Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO TI Comparing shape and texture features for pattern recognition in simulation data SO Image Processing: Algorithms and Systems IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems IV CY JAN 17-18, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE texture features; shape features; simulation data; similarity retrieval AB Shape and texture features have been used for some time for pattern recognition in datasets such as remote sensed imagery, medical imagery, photographs, etc. In this paper, we investigate shape and texture features for pattern recognition in simulation data. In particular, we explore which features are suitable for characterizing regions of interest in images resulting from fluid mixing simulations. Three texture features - gray level co-occurrence matrices, wavelets, and Gabor filters - and two shape features - geometric moments and the angular radial transform - are compared. The features are evaluated using a similarity retrieval framework, Our preliminary results indicate that Gabor filters perform the best among the texture features and the angular radial transform performs the best among the shape features. The feature which performs the best overall is dependent on how the groundtruth dataset is created. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Newsam, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5645-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5672 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.587057 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCC98 UT WOS:000228690400009 ER PT S AU Gourley, PL Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Copeland, RG Barrett, KE Gourley, CR AF Gourley, PL Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Copeland, RG Barrett, KE Gourley, CR BE Nicolau, DV Enderlein, J Leif, RC Farkas, DL Raghavachari, R TI Mitochondrial correlation as a biophotonic marker for detecting cancer in a single cell SO Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells: Fundamentals and Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells - Fundamentals and Applications III CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; LASER ACTION; IN-SITU; LOCALIZATION; GENERATION; APOPTOSIS AB Currently, pathologists rely on labor-intensive microscopic examination of tumor cells using century-old staining methods that can give false readings. Emerging BioMicroNanotechnologies(1) have the potential to provide accurate, realtime, high throughput screening of tumor cells without invasive chemical reagents. These techniques are critical to advancing early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Using our award-winning Hyperspectral Inceptor (TM) to rapidly assess the properties of cells flown through a micro/nano semiconductor device,(1) we discovered a method to rapidly assess the health of a single mammalian cell. The key discovery was the elucidation of biophotonic differences in normal and cancer cells by using intracellular mitochondria as biomarkers for disease. This technique holds promise for detecting cancer at a very early stage and could nearly eliminate delays in diagnosis and treatment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1141, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gourley, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1141, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5673-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5699 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1117/12.612072 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Cell Biology; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCF51 UT WOS:000229039000054 ER PT S AU Minogue, EM Havrilla, GJ Taylor, TP Burrell, AK Warner, BP AF Minogue, EM Havrilla, GJ Taylor, TP Burrell, AK Warner, BP BE Nicolau, DV Enderlein, J Leif, RC Farkas, DL Raghavachari, R TI High throughput screening of metal chelating compounds SO Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells: Fundamentals and Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells - Fundamentals and Applications III CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE combinatorial; high throughput screening; peptides; and metals ID COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; CATALYST LIBRARIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLUORESCENCE AB An effective high throughput screening technique is described for the rapid analysis of solid-supported libraries to identify selective chelating agents for metals, focusing on those possibly present in radioactive dispersal devices. Micro X-ray Fluorescence (MXRF) is the method of choice. MXRT is a rapid and sensitive technique which allows the measurement of metal-chelator complexes without significant sample preparation. For this study we have employed commercial peptide libraries and have examined factors such as side-chain charge, oligopeptide length, hydrophobicity, and aromaticity in relation to metal binding. MXRF provides a rapid and quantitative means for screening chelator-ion binding. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Minogue, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5673-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5699 BP 526 EP 530 DI 10.1117/12.601911 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Cell Biology; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCF51 UT WOS:000229039000061 ER PT J AU Raistrick, ID Franceschetti, DR Macdonald, JR AF Raistrick, Ian D. Franceschetti, Donald R. Macdonald, J. Ross BE Barsoukov, E Macdonald, JR TI Theory SO IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND APPLICATIONS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Raistrick, Ian D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Macdonald, J. Ross] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Franceschetti, Donald R.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem & Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Raistrick, ID (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-71624-2 PY 2005 BP 27 EP 128 DI 10.1002/0471716243.ch2 D2 10.1002/0471716243 PG 102 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BYB86 UT WOS:000297852400004 ER PT B AU Mendell, MJ AF Mendell, Mark J. GP Natl Acad Press TI Indoor environments and occupants' health: What do we know? SO IMPLEMENTING HEALTH-PROTECTIVE FEATURES AND PRACTICES IN BUILDINGS, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings CY NOV 17-18, 2003 CL Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC HO Natl Acad Sci C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Div, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-09561-7 PY 2005 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BGR77 UT WOS:000250169900003 ER PT S AU Balasubramanian, K AF Balasubramanian, K. BE Maroulis, G Simos, T TI Relativistic effects in the chemistry of very heavy and super heavy molecules SO In the Frontiers of Computational Science SE LECTURE SERIES ON COMPUTER AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE 2005) CY OCT 21-26, 2005 CL Corinth, GREECE SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE relativistic effects; very heavy clusters; super heavy clusters ID LAWRENCIUM AB Relativistic effects are very significant for molecules and clusters containing very heavy and super heavy elements. We demonstrate this further with our recent results of relativistic computations that included complete active space multi-configuration interaction (CAS-MCSCF) followed by multi-reference configuration interaction (MRSDCI) computations with up to 50 million configurations of transition metal and main group clusters. We shall also be presenting our recent works on substituted fullerenes and actinide complexes of environmental concern. My talk will emphasize these unusual features and trends concerning structure and spectroscopic properties of these very heavy species. We compare the properties of not only the ground electronic states, but also several excited electronic states. We have also carried out extensive computations on very heavy clusters such as gold clusters; ruthenium clusters and assignment of the observed spectra have been suggested. It is shown that the gold clusters exhibit anomalous trends compared to copper or silver clusters. For example, Jahn-Teller distortion is quenched in the case of Au-3 by spin-orbit coupling, and for the first time the spin-orbit component of the Au-3 ground state has been observed experimentally. We have also carried out relativistic computations for the electronic states of the newly discovered super heavy elements and yet to be discovered elements such as 113 (eka-thallium) 114 (eka-lead) and 1 W. Many unusual periodic trends in the energy separations of the electronic states of the elements 114, 113, 114(+) (113)H, 114H, and Lawrencium and Nobelium compounds. We will be presenting our results on uranyl, plutonyl and meputunyl complexes in aqeous solution using a combined quantum chemical and PCM models for solvation. We have employed coupled cluster levels of theory to obtain the frequencies and equilibrium geometries of these complexes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-268, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4196 BN 90-6764-442-0 J9 LECT SER COMPUTER CO PY 2005 VL 3 BP 10 EP 17 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BEN42 UT WOS:000238284200002 ER PT S AU Jellinek, J Acioli, PH AF Jellinek, J. Acioli, P. H. BE Maroulis, G Simos, T TI Computational electron spectroscopy - Application to magnesium clusters SO In the Frontiers of Computational Science SE LECTURE SERIES ON COMPUTER AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE 2005) CY OCT 21-26, 2005 CL Corinth, GREECE SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE clusters; isomers; spectra of electron binding energies; size-dependence of properties; size-induced transition to metallicity ID MERCURY CLUSTERS; BINDING-ENERGIES; SIZE DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION; DENSITY; METAL; APPROXIMATION; IONS; GAS; NA AB A brief overview of the methodology and applications of computational electron spectroscopy based on density functional theory and recently formulated robust and accurate scheme for conversion of the Kohn-Sham eigenenergics into electron binding energies is presented. The applications are given for magnesium clusters. They illustrate the power of the approach in studies of size, structure, and charge state specific properties of finite systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jellinek, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4196 BN 90-6764-442-0 J9 LECT SER COMPUTER CO PY 2005 VL 3 BP 59 EP 74 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BEN42 UT WOS:000238284200007 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Heath, GA AF Mendell, MJ Heath, GA TI Do indoor pollutants and thermal conditions in schools influence student performance? A critical review of the literature SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Review DE indoor environment; indoor air quality; performance; schools; education; children ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; PERCEIVED AIR-QUALITY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SYNDROME SBS SYMPTOMS; MODERATE HEAT-STRESS; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; OFFICE WORKERS; ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB To assess whether school environments can adversely affect academic performance, we review scientific evidence relating indoor pollutants and thermal conditions, in schools or other indoor environments, to human performance or attendance. We critically review evidence for direct associations between these aspects of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and performance or attendance. Secondarily, we summarize, without critique, evidence on indirect connections potentially linking IEQ to performance or attendance. Regarding direct associations, little strongly designed research was available. Persuasive evidence links higher indoor concentrations of NO2 to reduced school attendance, and suggestive evidence links low ventilation rates to reduced performance. Regarding indirect associations, many studies link indoor dampness and microbiologic pollutants (primarily in homes) to asthma exacerbations and respiratory infections, which in turn have been related to reduced performance and attendance. Also, much evidence links poor IEQ (e.g. low ventilation rate, excess moisture, or formaldehyde) with adverse health effects in children and adults and documents dampness problems and inadequate ventilation as common in schools. Overall, evidence suggests that poor IEQ in schools is common and adversely influences the performance and attendance of students, primarily through health effects from indoor pollutants. Evidence is available to justify (i) immediate actions to assess and improve IEQ in schools and (ii) focused research to guide IEQ improvements in schools. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov NR 183 TC 259 Z9 266 U1 13 U2 78 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 27 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00320.x PG 26 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 890ME UT WOS:000226514500004 PM 15660567 ER PT B AU Fisk, WJ AF Fisk, WJ BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Health-related costs of indoor ETS, dampness and mold in the United States and in California SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE cost; dampness; environmental tobacco smoke; health; mold ID HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS; HOME DAMPNESS; ASTHMA; PRODUCTIVITY AB Pollutants in indoor air that cause substantial morbidity or mortality include those from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and dampness and mold. This document provides estimates of preventable health-related costs of these pollutants in the United States (U.S.) and in California. The major inputs for the estimates are: the number of health effects experienced; the costs of health effects, including health care, lost work, and willingness to pay to avoid illness or premature death, and a judgment of the preventable fraction. The resulting estimated preventable annual costs in the U.S. are several hundred billion dollars for ETS and one quarter to one half billion dollars for dampness and mold; however, the estimates have a high level of uncertainty. The majority of the preventable ETS-related costs derive from preventable premature deaths. If the value of premature death is neglected, the preventable health-related costs equal approximately one billion dollars. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fisk, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wjfisk@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 308 EP 313 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831200068 ER PT B AU Fisk, W Faulkner, D Sullivan, D Chao, C Wan, MP Zagreus, L Webster, T AF Fisk, W Faulkner, D Sullivan, D Chao, C Wan, MP Zagreus, L Webster, T BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Results of a field study of underfloor air distribution SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE air distribution; thermal stratification; measurements; underfloor; ventilation efficiency AB Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) is a method of supplying conditioned air via floor mounted air supply diffusers. We measured several aspects of the performance of an UFAD system in an office building. The air change effectiveness was very close to unity, which is comparable to that measured in buildings with typical overhead air distribution. ne pollutant removal efficiency for carbon dioxide was 13% higher than expected with well-mixed air. The increase in air temperatures with height above the floor was only I to 2 degrees C. This amount of thermal stratification could reduce the sensible energy requirements for cooling of outdoor air by approximately 10%. The occupant's satisfaction with thermal conditions was well above average. Thus, the results of this study provide some evidence of moderate energy and IAQ-related benefits of UFAD; however, the benefits need to be confirmed in other studies. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fisk, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wifisk@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 1016 EP 1020 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831201063 ER PT B AU Apte, MG Faulkner, D Fisk, WJ Hodgson, AT Hotchi, T Lai, CM Spears, M Sullivan, DP Wang, D AF Apte, MG Faulkner, D Fisk, WJ Hodgson, AT Hotchi, T Lai, CM Spears, M Sullivan, DP Wang, D BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Improving relocatable classroom HVAC for improved IEQ and energy efficiency SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE acoustics; ventilation; field study; thermal conditioning ID VENTILATION; HEALTH; SYMPTOMS AB Relocatable Classrooms (RCs) in California (CA) alone house about 2 million students in more than 80,000 structures. These buildings are typically under-ventilated, often due to low HVAC utilization because of excessive HVAC acoustic noise, and because when automatically operated they only ventilate during thermal conditioning. It can be predicted that such conditions affect the quality education and student health. These systems are also energy inefficient and peak-load demanding. With a manufacturer of wall-mounted HVAC systems, we are developing a new system addressing these problems. Design goals include a >= 30% increase the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) over the current SEER 10 system, noise reduction <= 45 dB(A), continuous ventilation meeting CA State code requirements (e.g. ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation standard of 7 1 s(-1) per occupant and a pre-occupancy air purge). The prototype was operated in an RC test-bed to characterize its performance from the standpoint of ventilation, and thermal control, acoustical noise, and energy consumption. Ten of the new HVAC systems are also being monitored for one year in matched pairs with the current standard HVAC systems after being installed in identical occupied RCs in four schools in Northern and Southern CA. Continuous measurements include indoor and outdoor carbon dioxide, temperature, relative humidity, and HVAC power consumption. Additionally, acoustical noise levels; thermal comfort; and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and ozone will be measured on a regular schedule throughout the study year. Daily classroom occupancy rates will be collected from the class records. The potential IEQ and energy savings benefits of the system will be presented from preliminary data collected in the field. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Apte, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mgapte@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 1121 EP 1125 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831201083 ER PT B AU Edwards, RD Smith, KR Liu, YP Yin, Z He, GL Sinton, J AF Edwards, RD Smith, KR Liu, YP Yin, Z He, GL Sinton, J BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Household CO and PM levels measured as part of a review of China's National Improved Stove Program SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE indoor air pollution; China; particulate matter; CO; mixed fuels AB In 2001-03, a team of researchers from the US and China performed an independent, multidisciplinary review of China's National Improved Stove Program (NISP) programs carried out since the 1980s. As part of a 3500-household survey, a sub-sample of 396 rural households was monitored for PM(4) in kitchens and living rooms over 24 hours, of which 159 were measured in both summer and winter. Carbon monoxide was measured in a 40% sub-sample. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Teda Int Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Edwards, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM edwardsr@uci.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 1557 EP 1561 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831202032 ER PT B AU Destaillats, H Singer, BC Lee, SK Gundel, LA AF Destaillats, H Singer, BC Lee, SK Gundel, LA BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Acid-base interactions of nicotine and pyridine on surfaces SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE acid-base; nicotine; pyridine; sorption; surface materials ID GAS-PHASE; SORPTION AB Two different experimental approaches were employed to gain insight into the molecular interactions of nicotine and pyridine with simple and well-characterized materials. We investigated nicotine desorption from Teflon and cotton surfaces in a flow chamber experiment and developed an ATR-FTIR spectrophotometric method to study the molecular association of pyridine with materials representative of certain indoor surfaces (cellulose and gypsum). The experimental results suggest the presence of two sorptive states for volatile amines. Spectroscopic evidence for acid-base interactions with surfaces is consistent with the observed desorption behavior. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm & Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Destaillats, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm & Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HDestaillats@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 1700 EP 1704 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831202062 ER PT B AU Sohn, MD Sextro, RG Lorenzetti, DM AF Sohn, MD Sextro, RG Lorenzetti, DM BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Assessing sheltering-in-place responses to outdoor toxic releases SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE airflow modeling; shelter-in-place; COMIS; exposure; emergency response AB An accidental or intentional outdoor release of pollutants can produce a hazardous plume, potentially contaminating large portions of a metropolitan area as it disperses downwind. To minimize health consequences on the populace, government and research organizations often recommend sheltering in place when evacuation is impractical. Some reports also recommend "hardening" an indoor shelter, for example by applying duct tape to prevent leakage into a bathroom. However, few studies have quantified the perceived beneficial effects of sheltering and hardening, or examined the limits of their applicability. In this paper, we examine how sheltering and hardening might reduce exposure levels under different building and meteorological conditions (e.g., wind direction). We predict concentrations and exposure levels for several conditions, and discuss the net benefits from several sheltering and hardening options. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sohn, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdsohn@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 1792 EP 1796 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831202081 ER PT B AU Destaillats, H Singer, BC Coleman, BK Lunden, MM Hodgson, AT Weschler, CJ Nazaroff, WW AF Destaillats, H Singer, BC Coleman, BK Lunden, MM Hodgson, AT Weschler, CJ Nazaroff, WW BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Secondary pollutants from cleaning products and air fresheners in the presence of ozone SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE terpenes; ozone; formaldehyde; reactive chemistry; secondary organic aerosols ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; GROWTH AB This study investigated secondary air pollutants formed from reactions between constituents of terpene-containing household products and ozone. Gas-phase emissions from three different products were introduced along with ozone into a 198-L Teflon-lined reaction chamber. Gas-phase concentrations of reactive terpenes, terpenoids and oxidation products were measured. When the formulation contained more than one reactive VOC, their relative consumption by ozone was proportional to the initial reactant concentrations and to the rate constants of the respective terpene-ozone reactions. Formaldehyde was a predominant oxidation byproduct for the three studied products. Acetaldehyde, acetone, glycolaldehyde, formic acid and acetic acid were also detected when at least two of the products were exposed to ozone. A scanning mobility particle sizer measured particle nucleation events followed by a significant degree of ultrafine particle growth immediately upon mixing of reactants. Elevated concentrations of OH radicals generated by terpene ozonolysis were also measured. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nazaroff, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nazaroff@ce.berkeley.edu RI Weschler, Charles/A-9788-2009 OI Weschler, Charles/0000-0002-9097-5850 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 2081 EP 2085 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831203021 ER PT B AU Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Hotchi, T Ming, KY Sextro, RG Wood, EE Brown, NJ AF Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Hotchi, T Ming, KY Sextro, RG Wood, EE Brown, NJ BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Sorption of organic gases in residential bedrooms and bathrooms SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE adsorption; field study; modeling; residence; volatile organic compounds ID MATERIAL-SURFACES; INDOOR MATERIALS; COMPOUNDS VOCS; MODEL AB Experiments were conducted to characterize organic gas sorption in residential bedrooms (n=4), bathrooms (n=2), and a furnished test chamber. Rooms were studied "as-is" with material surfaces and furnishings unaltered. Surface materials were characterized and areas quantified. Experiments included rapid volatilization of a volatile organic compound (VOC) mixture with the room closed and scaled for a 5-h Adsorb phase, followed by 30-min Flush and 2-h closed-room Desorb phases. The mixture included n-alkanes, aromatics, glycol ethers, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, dichlorobenzene, and organophosphorus compounds. Measured gas-phase concentrations were fit to three variations of a mathematical model that considers sorption occurring at one surface sink and one potential embedded sink. The 2-parameter sink model tracked measurements for most compounds, but improved fits were obtained for some VOCs with a 3-parameter sink-diffusion or a 4-parameter two-sink model. Sorptive partitioning and initial adsorption rates increased with decreasing vapour pressure within each chemical class. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singer, BC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM BCSinger@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 2314 EP 2319 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831203067 ER PT B AU Jayaraman, B Kristoffersen, A Finlayson, E Gadgil, A AF Jayaraman, B Kristoffersen, A Finlayson, E Gadgil, A BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Investigation of room ventilation for improved operation of a downdraft table SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE CFD modeling; downdraft table; ventilation; contamination control ID FLOW AB This paper reports a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study on containment of airborne hazardous materials in a ventilated room containing a downdraft table. Specifically, we investigated the containment of haza dous airborne material under a range of ventilation configurations. The desirable ventilation configuration should ensure excellent containment of the hazardous material released from the workspace above the downdraft table. However, increased airflow raises operation costs, so the airflow should be as low as feasible without compromising containment The airflow was modeled using Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations with a high Reynolds number k-epsilon turbulence model using the commercial CFD code. CFD predictions were examined for several ventilation configurations. Based on this study, we found that substantial improvements in containment were possible with a significant reduction in airflow, compared to the existing ventilation configuration. C1 Indoor Environm Dept, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jayaraman, B (reprint author), Indoor Environm Dept, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bjayaraman@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 2575 EP 2579 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831204006 ER PT B AU Mendell, MJ Brennan, T Hathon, L Odom, JD Offerman, FJ Turk, BH Wallingford, KM Diamond, RC Fisk, WJ AF Mendell, MJ Brennan, T Hathon, L Odom, JD Offerman, FJ Turk, BH Wallingford, KM Diamond, RC Fisk, WJ BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Causes and prevention of symptom complaints in office buildings: Distilling the experience of indoor environmental quality investigators SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE indoor air quality; sick building syndrome; symptoms; ventilation; moisture; office buildings AB The goal of this project was to recommend empirically based strategies to prevent building-related symptoms in office buildings, for owners and managers. Ideas from six experienced building investigators were gathered and prioritized in a multi-day workshop. The top ranked problems identified were, in priority order: excessive building moisture, inadequate outdoor air, excessive dust, pollutant gases and odors, inadequate thermal control, and inadequate attention by management to indoor environments. Available findings in the scientific literature were generally consistent with these recommendations. The highest priority strategies recommended for preventing building-related symptoms were: managing water at building exteriors, operating ventilation systems per design intent, providing at least minimum ventilation rates, and maintaining indoor temperatures at 22 degrees C +/- 1 degrees (72 degrees F +/- 2 degrees). Despite the range of climates in which they worked, IEQ investigators showed considerable agreement, including top-ranking managing of water at building exteriors as a prevention strategy. Efficacy of these empirically based strategies generally has not been confirmed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 3500 EP 3504 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831205120 ER PT B AU Mendell, MJ Lei, Q Apte, M Fisk, WJ AF Mendell, MJ Lei, Q Apte, M Fisk, WJ BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Estimated ventilation rates and work-related symptoms in US office buildings - The base study SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE ventilation; symptoms; office workers; respiratory symptoms; indoor air quality ID CO2 CONCENTRATIONS AB Insufficient information has been available on measured ventilation rates and symptoms in office workers. Using U.S. EPA data from 100 large U.S. office buildings, we assessed relationships in multivariate models between ventilation/person and lower respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms. Three preliminary ventilation estimates were used, based on CO(2) ratio in airstreams, peak indoor CO(2) concentrations, and volumetric estimates of flow rates. Ventilation rates (VRs) from 6-17 cfm/person above the current 20 cfm/person guideline for offices were associated generally with reduced symptom prevalence, but further benefits were not evident from higher VRs. For all ventilation estimates, higher occupant density was independently associated with more symptoms. Findings suggest that VRs somewhat above current guidelines would reduce symptoms in office workers, and that occupant density may play an unrecognized role in ventilation requirements. Different findings for the various ventilation estimates were surprising. Clarification of these relationships, and validation of VR measurement methods are necessary. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 3758 EP 3762 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831206047 ER PT B AU Mendell, MJ Cozen, M Lei, Q Brightman, HS Erdmann, CA Girman, JR Womble, SE AF Mendell, MJ Cozen, M Lei, Q Brightman, HS Erdmann, CA Girman, JR Womble, SE BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Indicators of moisture and ventilation system contamination in US office buildings as risk factors for respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms: Analyses of the EPA base data SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE moisture; symptoms; office workers; ventilation systems; indoor air quality ID HEALTH AB Many studies have associated moisture or mold in residences with respiratory symptoms, but few studies have been conducted in office buildings. We assessed associations between moisture and ventilation system contamination and lower respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms in the U.S. EPA BASE data from 100 U.S. office buildings, using multivariate regression models. One set of models showed lower respiratory symptoms almost tripled with lack of cleaning of drip pans under air-conditioning cooling coils (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.8 (1.2-6.5). Other models associated lack of cleaning of either drip pans or cooling coils, and water damage in mechanical rooms, with increased mucous membrane symptoms. Some moisture-related risks found by other studies were not replicated here. Overall, findings suggest that moisture or contamination in ventilation systems or occupied spaces in office buildings may have adverse health effects. Studies with more rigorous measurement of environmental factors and health outcomes are necessary. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 3763 EP 3767 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831206048 ER PT B AU Houk, RS AF Houk, R. S. BE Nelms, SM TI Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Handbook Foreword SO INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY HANDBOOK LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4443-0546-3 PY 2005 BP IX EP IX PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BYB85 UT WOS:000297851800001 ER PT J AU Batey, JH Prohaska, T Horstwood, MSA Nowell, GM Goenaga-Infante, H Eiden, GC AF Batey, Jonathan H. Prohaska, Thomas Horstwood, M. S. A. Nowell, G. M. Goenaga-Infante, Heidi Eiden, Gregory C. BE Nelms, SM TI Mass Spectrometers SO INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY HANDBOOK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; COUPLED PLASMA SOURCE; ICP-MS; CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ELECTRODYNAMIC BALANCE; REACTION CELLS; EJECTION; RESOLUTION; FIELD; IONIZATION C1 [Batey, Jonathan H.] Thermo Electron, Ion Path, Winsford CW7 3BX, Cheshire, England. [Prohaska, Thomas] Univ Agr Sci BOKU, Inst Chem, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Horstwood, M. S. A.] British Geol Survey, NERC Isotope Geosci Lab, Kingsley Dunham Ctr, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Nowell, G. M.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Goenaga-Infante, Heidi] Lab Govt Chemist, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Eiden, Gregory C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Analyt Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Batey, JH (reprint author), Thermo Electron, Ion Path, Rd 3, Winsford CW7 3BX, Cheshire, England. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4443-0546-3 PY 2005 BP 26 EP 116 PG 91 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BYB85 UT WOS:000297851800004 ER PT J AU Frohlich, A Rice, B AF Frohlich, A Rice, B TI Evaluation of Camelina sativa oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Camelina sativa; biodiesel; esterification ID TRANSESTERIFIED VEGETABLE-OILS; ESTERS AB The oilseed crop Camelina sativa (camelina) has lower production costs than oilseed rape in some climates. For this reason. the production of biodiesel-grade methyl ester from camelina oil was evaluated. The evaluation included quality assessment of esters produced in laboratory and pilot plant, an examination of methods of improving ester low-temperature properties, and vehicle trials. Laboratory esterifications gave ester yields similar to rape-seed oil. Six 350 kg batches of unrefined camelina oil with acid values from 3 to 6 were esterified in a pilot plant. Ester-specific properties were satisfactory with one exception: the iodine number of 155 far exceeded the value of 120 required by the relevant EU standard. Fuel-specific properties of the camelina methyl esters were largely within specification, though low-temperature behaviour could be a problem in some climates. This problem could be overcome by the use of suitable pour-point depressants or by blending with diesel oil. In vehicle tests. the reduction in fuel economy with camelina ester was similar to that with biodiesel from other feedstocks. The high iodine number of camelina methyl ester did not lead to a more rapid deterioration of the lubricafing oil. However, it was concluded that further engine trials would be needed before the use of camelina ester as an undiluted vehicle fuel could be recommended. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Co Carlow, Ireland. RP Rice, B (reprint author), TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Co Carlow, Ireland. NR 15 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.004 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 886LL UT WOS:000226228700004 ER PT J AU Casperson, DE AF Casperson, DE TI A space-based application of diamond sensors SO INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Industrial Diamond Conference CY OCT, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN AB Over the past several years at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) we have been evaluating a variety of intrinsic diamond sensors, for potential use as x-ray detectors on satellite platforms. Radiation damage from the charged-particle space environment is a concern for the performance and lifetime of spaceborne instruments, and so diamond is an attractive candidate for such sensors. We have characterised both CVD and natural type-IIa diamond samples, obtained from multiple sources, and all with interdigitated surface electrodes for charge collection. Two LANL beam lines located at the Brookhaven National Laboratory's synchrotron facility provide a source of low energy (up to 6 keV) x rays with which we measure spectral response of the sensors. Additionally, at LANL we operate a laser- plasma generated, pulsed soft x-ray source for further characterisation of the samples over the energy range to a few hundred eV. In one series of tests on natural type IIa diamond, we subjected a sample to multiple large doses of low-energy (100keV) protons - those particles expected to cause the greatest amount of cumulative surface damage on the diamond in a space-based environment. Using both the laser-plasma and synchrotron x-ray sources, we verified that the damage was limited to - I pm, and that the detector retained the majority of its sensitivity to x rays over the available 6 keV energy range. In the near future we will be evaluating some new single-crystal CVD diamond samples recently provided to us by Element Six in the UK. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ISR1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Casperson, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ISR1, MS-B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND REVIEW PI BERKS PA CHARTERS, SUNNINGHILL, BERKS SL5 9PX, ENGLAND SN 0019-8145 J9 IND DIAMOND REV JI Ind. Diam. Rev. PY 2005 IS 4 BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 999YV UT WOS:000234429000007 ER PT B AU Wong, PC Mackey, P Perrine, K Eagan, J Foote, H Thomas, J AF Wong, PC Mackey, P Perrine, K Eagan, J Foote, H Thomas, J BE Stasko, J Stasko, J Ward, M TI Dynamic visualization of graphs with extended labels SO INFOVIS 05: IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 05) CY OCT 23-25, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Kitware, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chevron, Digital Technol Ctr, IBM Res, MK, 3M, Mitsubishi Elect, Minesota Supercomp Inst, Natl Lib Med, nVIDIA, Unisyst, Sun Microsyst, VITAL, A K Peters Ltd, Palgrave DE graph label placement; dynamic animation; graph visualization; information visualization ID PLACEMENT AB The paper describes a novel technique to visualize graphs with extended node and link labels. The lengths of these labels range from a short phrase to a full sentence to an entire paragraph and beyond. Our solution is different from all the existing approaches that almost always rely on intensive computational effort to optimize the label placement problem. Instead, we share the visualization resources with the graph and present the label information in static, interactive, and dynamic modes without the requirement for tackling the intractability issues. This allows us to reallocate the computational resources for dynamic presentation of real-time information. The paper includes a user study to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the visualization technique. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wong, PC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9464-X PY 2005 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BDP03 UT WOS:000234641900010 ER PT B AU Hetzler, EG Crow, VL Payne, DA Turner, AE AF Hetzler, EG Crow, VL Payne, DA Turner, AE BE Stasko, J Stasko, J Ward, M TI Turning the bucket of text into a pipe SO INFOVIS 05: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 05) CY OCT 23-25, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Kitware, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chevron, Digital Technol Ctr, IBM Res, MK, 3M, Mitsubishi Elect, Minesota Supercomp Inst, Natl Lib Med, nVIDIA, Unisyst, Sun Microsyst, VITAL, A K Peters Ltd, Palgrave DE information visualization; dynamic visualization; user interaction design; real-time updating AB Many visual analysis tools operate on a fixed set of data. However, professional information analysts follow issues over a period of time and need to be able to easily add new documents to an ongoing exploration. Some analysts handle documents in a moving window of time, with new documents constantly added and old ones aging out. This paper describes both the user interaction and the technical implementation approach for a visual analysis system designed to support constantly evolving text collections. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM beth.hetzler@pnl.gov; vern.crow@pnl.gov; debbie.payne@pnl.gov; alan.turner@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7803-9464-X PY 2005 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1109/INFVIS.2005.1532133 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BDP03 UT WOS:000234641900012 ER PT S AU Polenta, G Ade, PAR Balbi, A Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Cabella, P Contaldi, CR Crill, BP de Bernardis, P De Gasperis, G de Oliveira-Costa, A De Troia, G di Stefano, G Ganga, K Hivon, E Hristov, VV Iacoangeli, A Jaffe, AH Kisner, TS Jones, WC Lange, AE MacTavish, C Bettolo, CM Masi, S Mauskopf, PD Melchiorri, A Montroy, T Nati, F Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Prunet, S Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Torbet, E Tegmark, M Vittorio, N AF Polenta, G Ade, PAR Balbi, A Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Cabella, P Contaldi, CR Crill, BP de Bernardis, P De Gasperis, G de Oliveira-Costa, A De Troia, G di Stefano, G Ganga, K Hivon, E Hristov, VV Iacoangeli, A Jaffe, AH Kisner, TS Jones, WC Lange, AE MacTavish, C Bettolo, CM Masi, S Mauskopf, PD Melchiorri, A Montroy, T Nati, F Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Prunet, S Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Torbet, E Tegmark, M Vittorio, N BE Wesselius, PR Encrenaz, T TI BOOMERanG results SO INFRARED/SUBMM ASTRONOMY FROM SPACE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE cosmology; microwave background; telescope; stratospheric balloon ID ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; MULTIPLE PEAKS; MAPS; POLARIZATION; INSTRUMENT; RADIATION; RECEIVER AB The BOOMERanG experiment has mapped the mm/sub-mm sky during two long duration balloon flights from Antarctica, in 1998 and 2003. The first flight observed about 4% of the sky, measuring its brightness at 90, 150, 240 and 4 10 GHz with resolution of 12'. The faint structure of the Cosmic Microwave Background at horizon and sub-horizon scales is evident in these maps, and the wide frequency coverage allows for a careful estimate of the Galactic foreground. In the second flight a polarization-sensitive version of the instrument has been flown, to measure the linear polarization of the microwave sky at 145, 245 and 345 GHz. In this paper we review the main results from the first flight and report preliminary results obtained in the second flight. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Cardiff Wales, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. LBNL, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, IFAC, I-50127 Florence, Italy. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. RP de Bernardis, P (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Ple A Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM debernardis@roma1.infn.it RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Nati, Federico/I-4469-2016; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; OI Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Nati, Federico/0000-0002-8307-5088; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 SI 2005 BP 1064 EP 1069 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.080 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDT08 UT WOS:000235191800006 ER PT S AU Yefremenko, V Gordiyenko, E Shustakova, G Bader, SD Novosad, V AF Yefremenko, V Gordiyenko, E Shustakova, G Bader, SD Novosad, V BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Superconducting microbolometer with controllable coordinate sensitivity; An alternative approach to FPA design SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared imaging; microbolometers; high temperature superconductivity; focal plane arrays ID BOLOMETERS; ARRAYS AB A method of controlling the coordinate sensitivity in a high temperature superconducting microbolometer is described. A laser beam, precisely focused on the patterned superconducting structure, was used to nucleate a resistive area that is sensitive to external thermal effects. The electron beam lithography and wet chemical etching were applied as pattern transfer processes in epitaxial Y-Ba-Cu-O films. Two different sensor designs were tested: (i) 3 millimeters long and 40 micrometers wide stripe and (ii) 1.25 millimeters long, and 50 micron wide meander -like structure. It is shown experimentally that scanning the laser beam along the stripe leads to physical displacement of the sensitive area and, therefore may be used as a basis for imaging over a broad spectral range. Our approach, by which the coordinate sensitivity of a microfabricated superconducting stripe is controlled, is an alternative solution to Focal Plane Array (FPA) design. For example, patterning the superconducting film into a meander structure is equivalent to a two-dimensional detector array. In additional to the simplicity of the detector fabrication sequence (one step mask transfer), a clear advantage of this approach is the simplicity of the read-out process: an image is formed by registering the signal with only two electrical terminals. The proposed approach can be extended for imaging over a wide spectral range; the limiting factor is the wavelength-dependent efficiency of thermal conversion in the film/substrate system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Novosad, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 967 EP 973 DI 10.1117/12.603647 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900102 ER PT J AU Grahame, TJ Schlesinger, RB AF Grahame, TJ Schlesinger, RB TI Evaluating the health risk from secondary sulfates in eastern North American regional ambient air particulate matter SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE EXPOSURE; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; DAILY MORTALITY; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS AB Epidemiological studies of particulate matter ( PM) using central area monitors have associated total PM mass, as well as certain individual components of PM, including sulfate, with adverse human health effects. However, some recent studies that used concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) or analyzed the effects of air pollution from different sources or geographic areas suggest that while some particles may be harmful, other particulate species including secondary sulfates may have negligible health effects. Toxicology studies to date also suggest that secondary sulfates pose little health risk. While studies using central-area monitors implicitly assume that all residents of the area are exposed to the same levels of pollution, newer studies find substantial health effects for those in close proximity to major roads. These latter studies recognize that although population exposure to widespread pollutants, such as total PM mass and sulfates, may be relatively uniform over a wide area, exposure to pollutants from local sources is not. While there is an emerging literature associating several adverse health effects with proximity to local pollution sources, the current database provides limited information that allows identification of specific particulate species that may cause little to no harm. In this article, we suggest that ambient secondary sulfates, and eastern North American regional air masses generally, appear to have little adverse impact on public health. This suggestion is based on evidence gleaned from eight avenues of investigation: ( 1) recent non-central-area monitor studies, including exposure gradient or proximity studies; ( 2) CAPs studies; ( 3) studies that examine effects related to different geographic areas or sources; ( 4) toxicology studies; ( 5) the limited number of studies that analyze existing central-area monitor data to explicitly examine the health impacts of sulfate and acidity versus PM mass; ( 6) "modern" area monitor studies with additional capabilities to distinguish among sources of pollution; ( 7) partial reinterpretation of two pivotal cohort studies; and ( 8) studies separating effects of secondary sulfates from those of primary metal sulfates. However, uncertainties remain regarding the role that secondary sulfates may play in ambient PM chemistry pathways leading to potentially harmful products, such as the possible effects of secondary organic aerosols that may be the product of acid catalysis of sulfur dioxide. Thus, more targeted study is needed, and some research suggestions are made in this regard. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Pace Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10038 USA. RP Grahame, TJ (reprint author), US DOE, FE-26,Room 4G-036,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM Thomas.Grahame@hq.doe.gov NR 64 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1080/08958370590885672 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 877OU UT WOS:000225580700002 PM 15764480 ER PT S AU Fraser, BJ Singer, HJ Adrian, ML Gallagher, DL Thomsen, MF AF Fraser, B. J. Singer, H. J. Adrian, M. L. Gallagher, D. L. Thomsen, M. F. BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI The Relationship Between Plasma Density Structure and EMIC Waves at Geosynchronous Orbit SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA; SOURCE REGION; RING CURRENT; AMPLIFICATION; GENERATION; RESONANCE; CRRES AB Recent IMAGE satellite EUV helium density observations of plasmaspheric plumes extending beyond the plasmapause into the plasma trough region of the magnetosphere have been associated with sub-auroral proton arcs observed by the IMAGE FUV instrument. Also proton precipitation has been associated with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves seen on the ground as Pcl-2 ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves. This evidence suggests a relationship between plasma plumes, proton precipitation and EMIC waves, and supports the EMIC wave-particle interaction with ring current ions as a possible ring current loss mechanism. Using high-resolution (0.5 s) fluxgate magnetometer data from the GOES-8 and GOES-10 geosynchronous satellites we show two case studies on 9-10 and 26-27 June 2001, where EMIC waves in the 0.1-0.8Hz frequency range are observed within plasma plumes extending to geosynchronous orbit. These plumes are also seen in LANL geosynchronous satellite MPA data. The results suggest that EMIC waves may be preferentially generated in enhanced plasma density created by the plasma plume. The EMIC waves are unstructured and have the properties of the well-known intervals of pulsations with diminishing period (IPDP) seen on the ground and in space in the afternoon sector. They are classical EMIC transverse waves showing left-hand circular and elliptical polarization below the helium cyclotron frequency. The observation of a slot in the wave spectrum suggests the presence of He+ ions with relative concentrations in the range 6-16%, in a predominantly H+ plasma. This is consistent with the IMAGE-EUV He+ observations of plasma plumes. C1 [Fraser, B. J.] Univ Newcastle, CRC Satellite Syst, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Adrian, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Interplanetary Phys Branch, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gallagher, D. L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Sci Directorate, NSSTC SDSO, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, NIS 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fraser, BJ (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, CRC Satellite Syst, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM brian.fraser@newcastle.edu.au; howard.singer@noaa.gov; mark.l.adrian@nasa.gov; dennis.l.gallagher@nasa.gov; mthomsen@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.1029/159GM04 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400003 ER PT S AU Spasojevic, M Thomsen, MF Chi, PJ Sandel, BR AF Spasojevic, M. Thomsen, M. F. Chi, P. J. Sandel, B. R. BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI Afternoon Subauroral Proton Precipitation Resulting From Ring Current-Plasmasphere Interaction SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DUSKSIDE BULGE; PLASMAPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERE; STORM; REGION; SHEET; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We investigate the occurrence of arcs of precipitating protons equatorward of and detached from the afternoon proton auroral oval and their relationship with the plasmasphere and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. In a four month study interval including sixteen events, we find that the detached proton arcs are more likely to occur during geomagnetically disturbed periods and specifically at times when enhanced energetic ion densities and temperature anisotropies are observed in the equatorial magnetosphere. The disturbance-time arcs tend to be located at lower magnetic latitudes and are consistently associated with plasmaspheric plumes. Conversely, arcs which occur during quiet times tend to be located at higher latitudes, and their relationship with regions of enhanced cold plasma density remains unclear. Wave data available for two of the detached arc events indicate the presence of strong ion cyclotron waves near the equator in the vicinity of the proton precipitation region. C1 [Spasojevic, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Chi, P. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sandel, B. R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Spasojevic, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM maria@nova.stanford.edu NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1029/159GM06 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400005 ER PT S AU Reeves, GD Friedel, RHW Bourdarie, S Thomsen, MF Zaharia, S Henderson, MG Chen, Y Jordanova, VK Albright, BJ Winske, D AF Reeves, Geoffrey D. Friedel, Reiner H. W. Bourdarie, Sebastien Thomsen, Michelle F. Zaharia, Sorin Henderson, Michael G. Chen, Yue Jordanova, Vania K. Albright, Brian J. Winske, Dan BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI Toward Understanding Radiation Belt Dynamics, Nuclear Explosion-Produced Artificial Belts, and Active Radiation Belt Remediation: Producing a Radiation Belt Data Assimilation Model SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; RING CURRENT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORM; KINETIC-MODEL; PRECIPITATION; ACCELERATION; ENHANCEMENTS; SAMPEX AB The space radiation environment presents serious challenges to spacecraft design and operations: adding costs or compromising capability. Our understanding of radiation belt dynamics has changed dramatically as a result of new observations. Relativistic electron fluxes change rapidly, on time scales less than a day, in response to geomagnetic activity. However, the magnitude, and even the sign, of the change appears uncorrelated with common geomagnetic indices. Additionally, observations of peaks in radial phase space density are not readily explained by diffusion processes. These observations lead to a complex picture of acceleration and loss process all acting on top of adiabatic changes due to the storm-time magnetic field. Of even greater practical concern for national security applications is the threat posed by artificial radiation belts produced by high altitude nuclear explosions (HANE). The HANE-produced environment, like the natural environment, is subject to global transport, acceleration, and losses. Radiation belt remediation programs aim to exploit our knowledge of natural loss processes to artificially enhance the removal of particles from the radiation belts. The need to open up new orbits and new capabilities has raised questions about the space environment that, up to this time, we have been unable to fully answer. Here we describe the development of a next-generation model for specifying natural and HANE-produced radiation belts using data-assimilation based modeling. We exploit the convergence of inexpensive high-performance parallel computing, new physical understanding, and an unprecedented set of satellite measurements to improve national capability to model, predict, and control the space environment. C1 [Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Friedel, Reiner H. W.; Thomsen, Michelle F.; Zaharia, Sorin; Henderson, Michael G.; Chen, Yue; Albright, Brian J.; Winske, Dan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bourdarie, Sebastien] CERT ONERA DERTS, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Jordanova, Vania K.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space Sci Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Reeves, GD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D-644, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; OI Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 221 EP 235 DI 10.1029/159GM17 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400016 ER PT S AU Chen, MW Schulz, M Liu, SX Lu, G Lyons, LR El-Alaoui, M Thomsen, M AF Chen, Margaret W. Schulz, Michael Liu, Shuxiang Lu, Gang Lyons, Larry R. El-Alaoui, Mostafa Thomsen, Michelle BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI Simulated Stormtime Ring-Current Magnetic Field Produced by Ions and Electrons SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; MODEL MAGNETOSPHERE; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; DRIFT AB Using drift-loss simulations, we investigate the stormtime ring-current magnetic field produced by protons and electrons during the 19 October 1998 storm. We compute the guiding-center drift motion of equatorially-mirroring protons and electrons in a model magnetosphere and consider H charge exchange loss and electron precipitation due to pitch-angle scattering. We simulate perpendicular particle pressure distributions and the ring-current magnetic field in the equatorial plane. Our quiet-time proton ring current model reproduces a radial perpendicular pressure profile that is similar to statistical observations. Both the proton and electron ring current form asymmetrically early in the storm main phase and become stronger and more nearly symmetric later in the main phase. We find that the quiet-time electron ring-current magnetic field is negligible compared to the quiet-time proton ring-current magnetic field. However, during storms, electrons contribute similar to 15-20% of protons to the total Dst. Thus, the electrons contribute significantly to the total ring current during storms. There are large asymmetric stormtime ring-current magnetic field depressions at r(0) similar to 3.5-6 R-E. The simulated large magnetic field depressions agree qualitatively with statistical observations. These magnetic field depress:ions are a significant fraction of the geomagnetic field, indicating a need for a magnetically self-consistent treatment of the particle transport. The large ring-current magnetic depressions should be included in global descriptions of the inner magnetosphere. C1 [Chen, Margaret W.] Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Schulz, Michael] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Liu, Shuxiang; Lyons, Larry R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Lu, Gang] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [El-Alaoui, Mostafa] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Thomsen, Michelle] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Chen, MW (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1029/159GM18 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400017 ER PT S AU Mannucci, AJ Tsurutani, BT Iijima, B Komjathy, A Wilson, B Pi, XQ Sparks, L Hajj, G Mandrake, L Gonzalez, WD Kozyra, J Yumoto, K Swisdak, M Huba, JD Skoug, R AF Mannucci, A. J. Tsurutani, Bruce T. Iijima, Byron Komjathy, Attila Wilson, Brian Pi, Xiaoqing Sparks, Lawrence Hajj, George Mandrake, Lukas Gonzalez, Walter D. Kozyra, Janet Yumoto, K. Swisdak, M. Huba, J. D. Skoug, R. BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI Hemispheric Daytime Ionospheric Response To Intense Solar Wind Forcing SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; EQUATORIAL F-REGION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MAGNETIC STORMS; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; MAGNETOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; PENETRATION; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; PERIODS AB We investigate the ionospheric response to events where the z-component of the interplanetary magnetic field, B-Z, becomes large and negative for several hours, associated with the largest geomagnetic storms over the prior solar maximum period (2000-2004). We compute the average vertical total electron content (TEC) in the broad region covering 1200-1600 local time and +/- 40 degrees geomagnetic latitude (dipole), using data from the global network of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In several cases, we find approximately a two-fold increase in total electron content within 2-3 hours of the time when the southward-B-Z solar wind impinged on the magnetopause. We also analyze daytime super-satellite TEC data from the GPS receiver on the CHAMP satellite orbiting at approximately 400 km altitude, and find that for the October 30,2003 storm at mid-latitudes the TEC increase is nearly one order of magnitude relative to the TEC just prior to the B-Z southward onset. The geomagnetic storm-time phenomenon of prompt penetration electric fields into the ionosphere from enhanced magnetospheric convection is the most likely cause of these TEC increases, at least for certain of the events, resulting in eastward directed electric fields at the equator. The resulting dayside vertical Ex B drift of plasma to higher altitudes, while solar photons create more plasma at lower altitudes, results in a "daytime super-fountain" effect that rapidly changes the plasma structure of the entire dayside ionosphere. This phenomenon has major practical space weather implications. C1 [Mannucci, A. J.; Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Iijima, Byron; Komjathy, Attila; Wilson, Brian; Pi, Xiaoqing; Sparks, Lawrence; Hajj, George; Mandrake, Lukas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gonzalez, Walter D.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12245970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kozyra, Janet] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yumoto, K.] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Swisdak, M.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Skoug, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mannucci, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 138-308, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 261 EP 275 DI 10.1029/159GM20 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400019 ER PT J AU Hurst, SK Spangler, L Abbott, EH Larsen, R Peterson, ES AF Hurst, SK Spangler, L Abbott, EH Larsen, R Peterson, ES TI Preparation and properties of partially oxidized N-methylisoquinolinium bis(oxalato)platinate nanowires SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE platinum; isoquinolinium; bis(oxalato)platinate; nanowire; partially oxidized ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTOR; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; INORGANIC NANOWIRES; METALLIC COMPLEXES; CHAIN COMPOUNDS; CO0.83.6H2O; NANOSTRUCTURES; PLATINUM AB Electrochemical oxidation of [C10H10N](2)[Pt(ox)(2)] (.) H2O (1) (C10H10N = N-methylisoquinolinium, ox = oxalate) leads to the synthesis of new partially oxidized platinum nanowires of formula [C10H10N](1.6)[Pt(ox)(2)] (.) 3H(2)O (2). The nanowires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wires with diameters of less than 5 nm and lengths of over 1 mum were observed. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and microanalysis confirmed the degree of partial oxidation of the nanowires. The bulk electrical properties including phase angle and real and imaginary impedance values were measured and a model of the electrical conduction circuit was proposed. The significance of this work is that the large N-methylisoquilolinium cation leads to nanostructures, possibly involving individual molecular wires which has not been previously observed in the bis(oxalato)platinate nanowire system. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Abbott, EH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 115 Gaines Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM eabbott@montana.edu OI Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 358 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2004.08.015 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 882BL UT WOS:000225913400019 ER PT J AU Kozyrev, A Samoilova, T Soldatenkov, O Buslov, O Ivanov, A Zhang, NX Ren, TL Ginley, D Kaydanova, T AF Kozyrev, A Samoilova, T Soldatenkov, O Buslov, O Ivanov, A Zhang, NX Ren, TL Ginley, D Kaydanova, T TI Ferroelectric film phase shifter under elevated microwave power SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric phase shifter; power handling capability ID TRANSMISSION-LINE; DEVICES AB Voltage-controlled phase shifters based on fin-lines incorporating barium-strontium titanate (BSTO) films were studied at high microwave power levels (similar to 37 GHz). The two primary mechanisms responsible for phase variation in the ferroelectric phase shifters under microwave power were experimentally identified and theoretically described: (i) microwave-electric-field induced instantaneous variation of the BSTO film dielectric constant; (ii) a comparatively slow thermal drift of dielectric constant due to microwave power dissipation in the ferroelectric films. It is shown that the power handling capability of these tunable microwave devices is defined by the thermal effects. C1 Electrotech Univ, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Microelect, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80228 USA. RP Soldatenkov, O (reprint author), Electrotech Univ, Prof Popov Str 5, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. EM mcl@eltech.ru NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 77 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1080/10584580500414341 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 999JR UT WOS:000234386100018 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Joshi, PC Hirsch, S Demaree, JD AF Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Joshi, PC Hirsch, S Demaree, JD TI Thin film processing and integration methods to enable affordable mobile communications systems SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE ferroelectric thin films; phase shifters; integration; buffer layer; BST ID DEVICE APPLICATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CIRCUITS AB Utilizing a co-planar device design we have successfully designed, fabricated, characterized, and optimized a high performance Ta2O5 thin film passive buffer layer on Si substrates, which will allow the integration of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) films with large area affordable Si substrates. This passive buffer layer thin film was fabricated via the industry standard metalorganic solution deposition technique. The anneal optimized Ta2O5 based thin film possessed an enhanced dielectric constant (epsilon(r)=45.6), low dielectric loss (tan delta=0.006), high film resistivity (rho=10(12) Omega-cm at E=1 MV/cm), excellent temperature stability (temperature coefficient of capacitance of 52 ppm/degrees C), and excellent bias stability of capacitance (similar to 1.41 % at 1 MV/cm). Additionally, the permittivity and dissipation factor exhibited minimal dielectric dispersion with frequency. The dielectric passive buffer layer film was typified by a uniform dense microstructure with minimal defects, and a smooth, nano-scale fine grain, crack/pinhole free surface morphology. Optimization of the integration design configuration was achieved by evaluating two heterostructure processing protocols; ((1))a single anneal and ((2))a dual anneal process protocol. Our results demonstrated the dual anneal process, to be an excellent method for realizing the successful monolithic integration of BST with affordable Si substrates. This work also demonstrated that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the Ta2O5 buffer and BST active thin films in the coplanar device design serves to enhance the dielectric tunability of the device. The impact of this materials integration technology will promote broad scale implementation of affordable On-The-Move (OTM) phased array antenna systems across a variety of advanced communications platforms. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Sharp Labs Amer Inc, Camas, WA 98607 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1080/10584580590965032 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200005 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Hirsch, S Mohanchandra, KP Demaree, JD Carman, GP AF Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Hirsch, S Mohanchandra, KP Demaree, JD Carman, GP TI Integration of active thin films with silicon compatible materials and process science protocols for MEMS scale vibration damping applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE passive damping; composite thin films; NiTi thin films; integration; active thin films ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; DEVICE APPLICATIONS; ENERGY-ABSORPTION AB Utilizing a BaSrTiO3/NiTi hybrid composite thin film design on a silicon substrate we have successfully fabricated, characterized, and optimized a high performance vibration control pedestal for passive damping of die level MEMS components. The thin film fabrication and integration protocols were accomplished via semiconductor industry standard processing methods and procedures. The ferroelectric tetragonal phase of BaSrTiO3 was deposited by metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique followed by annealing in flowing oxygen. Thin film NiTi was sputter deposited utilizing a TiNi target in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber, followed by in situ vacuum annealing. Comparison of a variety of designs and integration processing protocols demonstrated that the sequential deposition of the BaSrTiO3 and NiTi thin films, followed by their respective optimized crystallization anneals at 750 and 500 degrees C, achieved successful materials compatible monolithic integration of the composite bi-layer stack with the Si support wafer. The impact of this materials integration technology, based on foundry friendly film deposition techniques and integration procedures, serves to promote wide-scale implementation of vibration control passive damping for a variety of device/die level structures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.1080/10584580590964718 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200009 ER PT S AU Guo, JP Shaw, MJ Vawter, GA Hadley, GR Esherick, P Sullivan, CT AF Guo, JP Shaw, MJ Vawter, GA Hadley, GR Esherick, P Sullivan, CT BE Sidorin, Y Wachter, CA TI High-Q microring resonator for biochemical sensors SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials and Technologies IX CY JAN 24-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE microring resonator; high-Q factor; silicon photonics ID WAVE-GUIDES; SILICON; MICROCAVITY; LASER AB The large refractive index difference between silicon nitride and silicon dioxide allows silicon nitride/dioxide waveguides to have a small mode size and low radiation bending loss. Low radiation bending loss enables high quality (Q) factor microring resonators. In this paper, we will present a record high quality factor microring resonator using silicon nitride and silicon dioxide on a silicon wafer. The microring resonator was fabricated using a deep UV photolithography and etching process. The microring resonator was critically coupled to a straight waveguide. An intrinsic quality factor of 240,000 has been measured. We will also present our result of using on-chip high-Q microring resonators for liquid phase chemical sensing application. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5702-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5728 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.589467 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BCE73 UT WOS:000228895400010 ER PT S AU Yamamoto, Y Evans, ND Maziasz, PJ Liu, CT AF Yamamoto, Y Evans, ND Maziasz, PJ Liu, CT BE MIlls, MJ Inui, H Clemens, H Fu, CL TI Effect of B addition on thermal stability of lamellar structure in Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloys SO INTEGRATIVE AND INTERDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF INTERMETALLICS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrative and Interdisciplinary Aspects of Intermetallics held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GAMMA-TIAL ALLOYS; BORON AB Thermal stability of fully lamellar microstructures in Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb (at.%) alloys with and without B additions has been evaluated in the temperature range of 800 to 1200 degrees C. The alloy with 0.15B exhibits an alpha(2)+gamma fully lamellar microstructure containing ribbon-like structures (TiB2+beta) inside the lamellar colonies. During aging at 800 and 1600 degrees C, beta particles surrounded by gamma grains form adjacent to the ribbon-like structures. The formation of these grains is attributed to the precipitation of thin plate-like 0 phase along {1100}(TiB2) within the TiB2 ribbon particles, resulting in the loss of alpha(2) plates around the ribbon-like structure by scavenging Ti. This allows coarsening gamma lamellar plates to form new gamma grains, and then the ribbon-like structure completely dissolves to leave only particles. At 1200 degrees C, discontinuous coarsening (DC) of the lamellae becomes the dominant mode of microstructural change for all the alloys. However, the ribbon-like structures in the alloy with B additions play a role in pinning the DC cells, which leads to higher thermal stability of the lamellar microstructure in that alloy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011; OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-790-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 842 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BCN90 UT WOS:000230340600026 ER PT S AU Kremar, M Fu, CL Morris, JR AF Kremar, M Fu, CL Morris, JR BE MIlls, MJ Inui, H Clemens, H Fu, CL TI First-principles study of structural and defect properties in FeCo intermetallics SO INTEGRATIVE AND INTERDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF INTERMETALLICS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrative and Interdisciplinary Aspects of Intermetallics held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Employing ab-initio calculations and statistical thermodynamic modeling, we investigated the structural stability, defect energies, and ordering of B2 FeCo intermetallics. We find that FeCo in the B2 structure is a marginally stable and weakly ordered system, with a high density of antisite defects on both sublattices and low APB energies for the < I I I > slip on both I I 10 1 and 11121 planes. The structural stability of B2 FeCo is very sensitive to the change in local atomic environment, as the system transforms to a lower-symmetry L1(0) phase under the effects of reduced dimensionality or applied shear stress. We suggest that internal stresses near dislocation cores might be closely connected with the intrinsic brittleness of ordered FeCo, as it is likely to induce a local structural transformation from the B2 structure to the L1(0) structure. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-790-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 842 BP 505 EP 510 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BCN90 UT WOS:000230340600080 ER PT S AU Zeng, D Chen, HC Tseng, CJ Larson, C Chang, W Eidson, M Gotham, I Lynch, C Ascher, M AF Zeng, D Chen, HC Tseng, CJ Larson, C Chang, W Eidson, M Gotham, I Lynch, C Ascher, M BE Kantor, P Muresan, G Roberts, F Zeng, DD Wang, FY Chen, H Merkle, RC TI BioPortal: Sharing and analyzing infectious disease information SO INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2005) CY MAY 19-20, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, Rutgers State Univ, Univ Arizona, Georgia Inst Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, Intelligence Technol Innovat Ctr, US Dept Homeland Secur C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Management Informat Syst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SUNY Albany, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zeng, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Management Informat Syst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM zeng@eller.arizona.edu; hchen@eller.arizona.edu; chunju@eller.arizona.edu; cal@eller.arizona.edu; weich@eller.arizona.edu; mxe04@health.state.ny.us; ijg01@health.state.ny.us; clynch@dhs.ca.gov; ascher1@llnl.gov RI Zeng, Daniel/A-8072-2012; Zeng, Daniel/B-5888-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25999-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3495 BP 612 EP 613 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCN19 UT WOS:000230114100073 ER PT J AU Parkinson, WJ Smith, RE Mortensen, FN Wantuck, PJ AF Parkinson, WJ Smith, RE Mortensen, FN Wantuck, PJ TI Fuzzy SPC filter for a feed-forward control system for a three-phase oil field centrifuge SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE centrifuge; fuzzy logic; feed-forward control; signal filter; statistical process control (SPC) AB In this work we describe a signal filter for a feed-forward controller based on the application of fuzzy logic, combined with statistical process control (SPC). The feed-forward controller is for a three-phase oil field centrifuge. The centrifuge system is used to separate meta-stable three-phase oil and water emulsions that are stabilized by solids. These emulsions are considered to be unusable wastes and must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. The centrifuge is capable of turning these wastes into clean saleable oil, water that can be reused in an operating process or re-injected into oil wells, and solids that can be disposed of in landfills. The feed-forward controller is used for feed disturbance rejection. It works in conjunction with, and is capable of over-riding the actions of, a feedback controller. The measured feed variables for the feed-forward controller each exhibit reasonably large random fluctuations. It is therefore quite important to use a signal filter that truly recognizes the difference between random noise and a "caused" event, in order to prevent over-riding a perfectly good correction from the feedback controller. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Centech Inc, Casper, WY USA. RP Parkinson, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 5 EP 20 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 898JW UT WOS:000227074100002 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Chebeskov, AN Dyer, JS Edmunds, TA Jia, JM Oussanov, VI AF Butler, JC Chebeskov, AN Dyer, JS Edmunds, TA Jia, JM Oussanov, VI TI The United States and Russia evaluate plutonium disposition options with multiattribute utility theory SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE government : agencies; decision analysis : multiple criteria AB At the end of the Cold War, the United States and Russia entered into agreements to reduce the numbers of nuclear weapons in their arsenals. The excess-weapons plutonium recovered from dismantled weapons is extremely toxic in the environment, and the National Academy of Sciences has characterized the possibility that it could fall into the hands of terrorists as a "clear and present danger." A team of operations research analysts supported the Office of Fissile Materials Disposition (OFMD) in the US Department of Energy (DOE) by developing a multiattribute utility (MAU) model to evaluate alternatives for the disposition of the excess-weapons plutonium. Russian scientists modified the model with the aid of the US team and used it to evaluate Russia's disposition alternatives. C1 Ohio State Univ, Fisher Sch Business, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Dept Nucl Power & Plutonium Disposit, Obninsk 249033, Kaluga Region, Russia. Univ Texas, McCombs Sch Business, Dept Management Sci & Informat Syst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Syst & Decis Sci Sect, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Business Adm, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Fisher Sch Business, 2100 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM butler.267@osu.edu; chebes@ippe.obninsk.ru; jim.dyer@mccombs.utexas.edu; edmunds2@llnl.gov; jia@baf.msmail.cuhk.edu.hk; vouss@ippe.obninsk.ru NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 88 EP 101 DI 10.1287/inet.1040.0112 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 912BN UT WOS:000228052200009 ER PT J AU Torres, M Chopp, D Walsh, T AF Torres, M Chopp, D Walsh, T TI Level set methods to compute minimal surfaces in a medium with exclusions (voids) SO INTERFACES AND FREE BOUNDARIES LA English DT Article ID FAST MARCHING METHODS; MEAN-CURVATURE; APPROXIMATION SCHEME; ADVANCING FRONTS; PERIODIC MEDIA; MOTION; FLOW; CONVERGENCE; INTERFACES; STABILITY AB In [59], periodic minimal surfaces in a medium with exclusions ( voids) are constructed and in this paper we present two algorithms for computing these minimal surfaces. The two algorithms use evolution of level sets by mean curvature. The first algorithm solves the governing nonlinear PDE directly and enforces numerically an orthogonality condition that the surfaces satisfy when they meet the boundaries of the exclusions. The second algorithm involves h- adaptive finite element approximations of a linear convection- diffusion equation, which has been shown to linearize the governing nonlinear PDE for weighted mean curvature flow. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Torres, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM torres@math.northwestern.edu; chopp@northwestern.edu; tfwalsh@sandia.gov RI Chopp, David/B-7343-2009 NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI ZURICH PA C/O DR THOMAS HINTERMANN, EMS PUBLISHING HOUSE, E T H-ZENTRUM FLI C4, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1463-9971 J9 INTERFACE FREE BOUND JI Interface Free Bound. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 161 EP 185 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 940DY UT WOS:000230125100003 ER PT J AU Garzon, M Adalsteinsson, D Gray, L Sethian, JA AF Garzon, M Adalsteinsson, D Gray, L Sethian, JA TI A coupled level set-boundary integral method for moving boundary simulations SO INTERFACES AND FREE BOUNDARIES LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WAVES; SOLITARY WAVES; EQUATIONS; FRONTS; INTERFACES; CURVATURE; DYNAMICS; FLOWS AB A numerical method for moving boundary problems based upon level set and boundary integral formulations is presented. The interface velocity is obtained from the boundary integral solution using a Galerkin technique for post-processing function gradients on the interface. We introduce a new level set technique for propagating free boundary values in time, and couple this to a narrow band level set method. Together, they allow us to both update the function values and the location of the interface. The methods are discussed in the context of the well-studied two-dimensional nonlinear potential flow model of breaking waves over a sloping beach. The numerical results show wave breaking and rollup, and the algorithm is verified by means of convergence studies and comparisons with previous techniques. C1 Univ Oviedo, Dept Appl Math, Oviedo 33007, Spain. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garzon, M (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Appl Math, Calvo Sotelo S-N, Oviedo 33007, Spain. EM maria@orion.ciencias.uniovi.es; david@amath.unc.edu; graylj1@ornl.gov; sethian@Math.Berkeley.edu NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI ZURICH PA C/O DR THOMAS HINTERMANN, EMS PUBLISHING HOUSE, E T H-ZENTRUM FLI C4, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1463-9971 J9 INTERFACE FREE BOUND JI Interface Free Bound. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 277 EP 302 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 951LD UT WOS:000230930800004 ER PT S AU Xantheas, SS AF Xantheas, SS BE Wales, DJ TI Interaction potentials for water from accurate cluster calculations SO INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND CLUSTERS II SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS; SET SUPERPOSITION ERROR; ROTATION TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; TERAHERTZ LASER SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-BONDED COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; LIQUID WATER AB Recent advances in the area of ab initio theory combined with the development of efficient electronic structure software suites that take advantage of parallel hardware architectures, have resulted in our ability to obtain accurate energetics for medium-size (up to 30 molecules) clusters of water molecules. These advances offer a new route in the development of empirical interaction potentials for water, especially in the absence of experimental information regarding the cluster energetics. The use of systematically improvable methodological approaches, together with the understanding of the salient issues associated with the transferability of the models across different environments, allow for the development of hierarchical approaches in the description of the intermolecular interactions in water. The use of accurate models, which are transferable across dissimilar environments, in conjunction with quantum dynamical simulation protocols, can provide new insight into the origin of the anomalous behavior of water across the various temperature and pressure ranges that are pertinent to its chemical and biological. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd,Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 NR 130 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-5993 BN 3-540-28191-6 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2005 VL 116 BP 119 EP 148 DI 10.1007/430_009 D2 10.1007/b100423 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BDY01 UT WOS:000236038500004 ER PT S AU Finck, PJ Khalil, HS Salvatores, M Aliberti, G Palmiotti, G Stillman, JA AF Finck, PJ Khalil, HS Salvatores, M Aliberti, G Palmiotti, G Stillman, JA BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Developments in nuclear energy technologies and nuclear data needs SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Nuclear data needs can play an important role for innovative nuclear systems. However, in order to establish priority items, a systematic sensitivity/uncertainty analysis must be performed. Same selected examples will be discussed in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Eng Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finck, PJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Eng Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 3 EP 8 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800001 ER PT S AU Norman, EB AF Norman, EB BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI An eclectic journey through experimental nuclear physics, or how I learned to stop worrying and love nuclear data SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID RAYS FOLLOWING FISSION; HALF-LIFE; SIGNATURES AB In this paper, I illustrate how the ability to rapidly access the broad range of nuclear data has facilitated my research in fields from searches for double beta decay, to measurements of astrophysical reaction rates, to issues in homeland security. In doing this, I hope to persuade even the skeptics that for the benefit of the broad scientific community, it is imperative that the outstanding work of the nuclear data community continue. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Norman, EB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 14 EP 18 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800003 ER PT S AU Bertrand, FE AF Bertrand, FE BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI The research career of subramanian Raman at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID GIANT-HALO INCLUSIONS; SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; VALUES AB Subramanian "Ram" Raman, a distinguished nuclear physicist and senior staff member of the Physics Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), died April 8, 2003. In June 1966, Raman joined the staff at ORNL working in the Nuclear Data Project. This position provided him insights into important open questions in nuclear structure physics, and the power of "horizontal" compilations of properties across a broad range of nuclei. These insights would guide Raman's research interests throughout his 36-year career at ORNL. As shown by his great variety of publications, Raman's research career was marked by an intense interest in all areas of nuclear physics. He published papers on topics ranging from detailed nuclear structure to giant resonances, to the search for superheavy nuclei, to the scattering of heavy ions. His research resulted in over 200 published papers and over 3000 citations of his work. It is however, his nuclear data evaluations, both horizontal and vertical, that we most often remember. His most often cited papers deal with the evaluation and systematics of nuclear data, and he helped establish many of the "rules" and guidelines for assignment of nuclear level properties. An overview of Raman's work at ORNL is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bertrand, FE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 21 EP 26 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800004 ER PT S AU Dunford, CL Schmidt, JJ AF Dunford, CL Schmidt, JJ BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Contributions of Sol Pearlstein to nuclear data SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The late Sol Pearlstein was a pioneer and leading figure in the field of nuclear physics data, a field that is fundamental to progress in both applied nuclear technology and basic nuclear physics research. As the first director of the United States National Nuclear Data Center, he was responsible for organizing the United States nuclear data evaluation work and the production of the Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF). Sol was a strong supporter of collaboration in science, both nationally and internationally. He was the driving force behind the development of international collaborations to compile nuclear reaction data and to evaluate nuclear structure and radioactivity data, activities that continue to this day to be crucial components of the world's nuclear data effort. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dunford, CL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 42 EP 46 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800008 ER PT S AU McNabb, DP Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Dietrich, FS Grimes, SM Hagmann, CA AF McNabb, DP Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Dietrich, FS Grimes, SM Hagmann, CA BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Comparison of Ramsauer and optical model neutron angular distributions SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS AB The nuclear Ramsauer model is a semi-classical, analytic approximation to nucleon-nucleus scattering that reproduces total cross-section data at the 1% level for A > 40, E-n = 5-60 MeV with 7-10 parameters. A quick overview of the model is given, demonstrating the model's utility in nuclear data evaluation. The Ramsauer model predictions for reaction cross section, elastic cross section, and elastic scattering angular distributions are considered. In a recent paper it has been shown that the nuclear Ramsauer model does not do well in predicting details of the angular distribution of neutron elastic scattering for incident energies of less than 60 MeV for Pb-208. However, in this contribution it is demonstrated that the default angular bin dispersion most widely used in Monte Carlo transport codes is such that the observed differences in angular shapes are on too fine a scale to affect transport calculations. Simple studies indicate that 512-2048 bins are necessary to achieve the dispersion required for calculations to be sensitive to the observed discrepancies in angular distributions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNabb, DP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 71 EP 74 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800013 ER PT S AU Hale, GM Hofmann, HM AF Hale, GM Hofmann, HM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Neutron standard cross sections for H-1 and Li-6 from R-matrix analyses and microscopic calculations for the n-n and Li-7 systems SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID CALIBRATION AB We present work on the N-N and Li-7 systems that is relevant to the international effort to re-evaluate the neutron standard cross sections. The R-matrix analysis of the N-N system also determined the n-p capture cross section for use in BBN modeling of light-element abundances in the early universe with an uncertainty of less than 2.5 %. The R-matrix results for the Li-6(n,t)He-4 cross section agree qualitatively with a microscopic RRGM calculation that uses semi-realistic N-N potentials. However, they disagree with some cross-section measurements for the reaction, and with another evaluation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hale, GM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 75 EP 78 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800014 ER PT S AU Sonzogni, AA AF Sonzogni, AA BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI The ENSDF java package SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB A package of computer codes has been developed to process and display nuclear structure and decay data stored in the ENSDF (Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File) library. The codes were written in an object-oriented fashion using the java language. This allows for an easy implementation across multiple platforms as well as deployment on web pages. The structure of the different java classes that make up the package is discussed as well as several different implementations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sonzogni, AA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 121 EP 123 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800025 ER PT S AU Oblozinsky, P Katakura, J Koning, AJ Nichols, AL Nordborg, C AF Oblozinsky, P Katakura, J Koning, AJ Nichols, AL Nordborg, C BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI NEA working party on international nuclear data cooperation - Recent achievements and plans SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The Working Party on International Nuclear Data Cooperation represents a collaborative effort of major nuclear-reaction data-evaluation projects. The technical work is presently performed by 3 standing and 6 short-term subgroups. Among the most recent achievements are the establishment of ModLib (modular nuclear reaction code library), the development of a new version of neutron cross-section standards, and an effort to improve the U-238+n evaluation. The paper reviews achievements of the Working Party and outlines its future plans. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Oblozinsky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 128 EP 131 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800027 ER PT S AU Pritychenko, B Arcilla, R Burrows, TW Dunford, CL Herman, MW McLane, V Oblozinsky, P Sonzogni, AA Tuli, JK Winchell, DF AF Pritychenko, B Arcilla, R Burrows, TW Dunford, CL Herman, MW McLane, V Oblozinsky, P Sonzogni, AA Tuli, JK Winchell, DF BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI NNDC stand: Activities and services of the national nuclear data center SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) collects, evaluates, and disseminates nuclear physics data for basic nuclear research, applied nuclear technologies including energy, shielding, medical and homeland security. In 2004, to answer the needs of nuclear data users conmmunity, NNDC completed a project to modernize data storage and management of its databases and began offering new nuclear data Web services. The principles of database and Web application development as well as related nuclear reaction and structure database services are briefly described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Pritychenko, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Bldg 197D, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 132 EP 135 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800028 ER PT S AU Kawano, T Talou, P Chadwick, MB MacFarlane, RE Young, PG AF Kawano, T Talou, P Chadwick, MB MacFarlane, RE Young, PG BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Nuclear data evaluations for americium isotopes SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID FISSION CROSS-SECTION; AM-241 AB Recent upgrades of Am-241, Am-242m, and Am-240 nuclear data in the keV-30-MeV range are described. The new evaluation takes advantage of recent measurements and advances in calculational modeling methods. The model calculations are especially important for the nuclear data of americium isotopes, because few measurements are available. The nuclear-model code GNASH is extensively used for our evaluations. The new evaluations are given for total, fission, capture, (n, 2n), and (n, 3n) reaction cross sections, and v(p) for Am-241 and Am-242m. A new evaluation for Am-240 is also given by expanding our modeling feasibility. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kawano, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 149 EP 152 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800032 ER PT S AU Oblozinsky, P AF Oblozinsky, P BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Recent advances in the ENDF/B library SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB We describe recent advances in the US evaluated nuclear-reaction data file maintained by CSWEG. Since 2001, CSWEG has been developing a new version of the library, ENDF/B-VII. Altogether 231 new and improved evaluations have been submitted, including 51 neutron, 20 charged-particle, and 160 photonuclear evaluations. Neutron files were developed primarily by LANL in the fast region, in particular for actinides, followed by ORNL evaluations in the neutron-resonance region, and BNL evaluations for fission products. The current focus is on the data validation process. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Oblozinsky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 165 EP 170 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800036 ER PT S AU Firestone, RB Molnar, GL Revay, Z Belgya, T McNabb, DP Sleaford, BW AF Firestone, RB Molnar, GL Revay, Z Belgya, T McNabb, DP Sleaford, BW BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI The Evaluated Gamma-ray Activation File (EGAF) SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID ELEMENTS AB The Evaluated Gamma-ray Activation File (EGAF), a new database of prompt and delayed neutron-capture gamma-ray cross sections, has been prepared as part of an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Coordinated Research Project to develop a "Database of Prompt Gamma-rays from Slow Neutron Capture for Elemental Analysis." Recent elemental gamma-ray cross-section measurements performed with the guided neutron beam at the Budapest Reactor have been combined with data from the literature to produce the EGAF database. EGAF contains thermal cross sections for;:: 35,000 prompt and delayed gamma rays from 262 isotopes. New precise total thermal radiative cross sections have been derived for many isotopes from the primary and secondary gamma-ray cross sections and additional level scheme data. An IAEA TECDOC describing the EGAF evaluation and tabulating the most prominent gamma rays will be published in 2004. The TECDOC will include a CD-ROM containing the EGAF database in both ENSDF and tabular formats with an interactive viewer for searching and displaying the data. The Isotopes Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, continues to maintain and update the EGAF file. These data are available on the Internet from both the IAEA and Isotopes Project websites. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Firestone, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 219 EP 224 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800048 ER PT S AU Kondev, FG AF Kondev, FG BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI K-isomers as a probe of nuclear structure and advanced applications SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; EMISSION; TA-179; REGION; LU-177 AB Nuclear K-isomers play a pivotal role in understanding the structure of deformed, axially symmetric nuclei. Examples are presented of recent studies of exotic multi-quasiparticle isomers in the A similar to 180 rare-earth region at the extreme of angular momentum and neutron number. A specific band-mixing scenario is invoked to explain the unusual decay path of the K-pi=57/2(-) isomer (T-1/2=22 ns) in Hf-175, the highest spin K-isomer known in nature. The discovery of a suite of high-K isomers, above the previously known K-pi=23/2(-) (T-1/2=160 d) state in Lu-177, using deep-inelastic and multi-nucleon transfer reactions is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 225 EP 229 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800049 ER PT S AU Baglin, CM AF Baglin, CM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Nuclear structure data for the present age SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The US Nuclear Data Program maintains and provides easy and free access to several comprehensive databases that assist scientists to sift through and assess the vast quantity of published nuclear structure and decay data. These databases are an invaluable asset for nuclear-science experimentalists and theorists alike, and the recommended values provided for nuclear properties such as decay modes, level energies and lifetimes, and radiation properties can also be of great importance to specialists in other fields such as medicine, geophysics, and reactor design. The Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) contains experimental nuclear structure data for all known nuclides, evaluated by the US nuclear data program evaluators in collaboration with a number of international data groups; the Nuclear Science Reference (NSR) database provides complementary bibliographic information; the Experimental Unevaluated Nuclear Data Listing (XUNDL) exists to enable rapid access to experimental nuclear-structure data compiled from the most recent publications (primarily in high-spin physics). This paper presents an overview of the nuclear structure and decay data available through these databases, with emphasis on recent and forthcoming additions to and presentations of the available material. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baglin, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 230 EP 235 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800050 ER PT S AU Tuli, JK AF Tuli, JK BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Evaluated nuclear structure data file and related products SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) is a leading resource for experimental nuclear data. It is maintained and distributed by the National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. The file is mainly contributed to by an international network of evaluators under the auspice of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The ENSDF is updated, generally by mass number, i.e., evaluating together all isobars for a given mass number. If, however, experimental activity in an isobaric chain is limited to a particular nuclide, then only that nuclide is updated. The evaluations are published in the Journal of Nuclear Data Sheets, Academic Press, a division of Elsevier. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tuli, JK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 265 EP 267 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800056 ER PT S AU Derrien, H Courcelle, A Leal, LC Larson, N Santamarina, A AF Derrien, H Courcelle, A Leal, LC Larson, N Santamarina, A BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Evaluation of U-238 resonance parameters from 0 to 20 keV SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID NEUTRON TRANSMISSION AB The neutron resonance parameters of U-238 were obtained in the energy range 0 to 20 keV from a sequential SAMMY [1] analysis of the most recent high-resolution neutron transmission and neutron capture cross-section measurements. Special care was taken in the analysis of the lowest s-wave resonances leading to resonance parameters slightly different from those of ENDF/B-VI (Moxon-Sowerby resonance parameters [2]). The resolved-resonance range was extended to 20 keV, taking advantage of the high-resolution neutron transmission data of Harvey [3] and neutron capture data of Macklin et al. [4]. Preliminary integral tests were performed with the new resonance parameters; thermal low-enriched benchmark calculations show an improvement of the k(eff) prediction, mainly due to a 1.5% decrease of the capture cross section at 0.0253 eV and about a 0.4% decrease of the effective shielded resonance capture integral. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Derrien, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 276 EP 281 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800059 ER PT S AU Larson, NM AF Larson, NM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Upgrades to the R-matrix code SAMMY SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The analysis code SAMMY is widely used for parameterization and understanding of neutron- and charged-particle-induced cross-section data. This report describes advances made in the development of the code: An overview of the main features of SAMMY is presented, with emphasis on options recently added to the code. Among the new options are an energy-dependent direct-capture component for capture cross sections, a crystal-lattice model for Doppler broadening, improvements in the fitting procedure to incorporate more of the experimental uncertainties and covariances, streamlined input, and enhanced ENDF-related capabilities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larson, NM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 286 EP 289 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800061 ER PT S AU Young, PG Chadwick, MB MacFarlane, RE Madland, DG Moller, P Wilson, WB Talou, P Kawano, T AF Young, PG Chadwick, MB MacFarlane, RE Madland, DG Moller, P Wilson, WB Talou, P Kawano, T BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Systematic analysis of uranium isotopes SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID NEUTRON; U-238; SPECTRA AB We describe recent nuclear model calculations and evaluations of neutron reactions on the uranium isotopes U232-241 in the keV to 30-MeV energy range. This work makes use of extensive sets of measurements for fission, elastic, inelastic, (n,xn) and capture, as well as fission probability data. The U-235(n,f) standard cross section was revised, and the fission cross sections of the uranium isotopes, as wen as Np-237 and Pu-239, were updated using the revised standard. Nuclear reaction model calculations were performed for the whole suite of uranium isotopes to allow us to take advantage of the systematical properties from isotope-to-isotope, which is especially useful for nuclides where few measurements exist. In addition to improving the neutron cross sections and energy-angle distributions, new prompt fission neutron spectra and prompt/delayed neutron multiplicity evaluations are included for several isotopes. These evaluations are among the pre-ENDF/B-VII evaluations that are currently being considered for the new ENDF file. A companion paper in this Conference by MacFarlane describes critical-assembly integral data testing results for U isotopes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Young, PG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, T-16, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 290 EP 295 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800062 ER PT S AU Arbanas, G Dietrich, FS Kerman, AK AF Arbanas, G Dietrich, FS Kerman, AK BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Direct-semidirect neutron capture calculations applied to R-matrix data evaluations in the resolved resonance region SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID RADIATIVE-CAPTURE; NUCLEAR REACTIONS; GAMMA-RAYS; ISOTOPES; STATES AB We present a method for computing direct-semidirect neutron radiative capture and its applications to R-Matrix evaluations of F-19, Al-27, Si-28,Si-29,Si-30, Cl-35,Cl-37, and K-39,K-41 performed by the Nuclear Science and Technology Division's Nuclear Data group at ORNL. The method includes both direct and semidirect capture; the latter is a core-polarization term in which the giant dipole resonance is formed. We compare our method with that employed in the TEDCA code, which has been commonly used in computations related to astrophysics, as well as in nuclear data evaluations. For nuclear data evaluations in the resolved resonance region, where R-Matrix evaluations are commonly performed using the Sammy code, direct capture is significant between resonant capture peaks, as well as at very low neutron incident energy below the lowest resonance (e.g., thermal capture). The experimental data for which the R-Matrix analysis are being performed is subject to background effects that at energies below 10 keV could be sufficiently large to obscure the direct capture cross section. Consequently, an accurate evaluation of TOF data requires a theoretical model of the direct capture cross section, to which end we apply our method. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSTD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Arbanas, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSTD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 296 EP 299 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800063 ER PT S AU Dietrich, FS Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Grimes, SM AF Dietrich, FS Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Grimes, SM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI A new method for estimating neutron reaction cross sections based on Wick's limit SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID OPTICAL-MODEL ANALYSIS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; RANGE AB Wick's limit is an inequality that relates the zero-degree differential elastic scattering cross section to the total cross section. The deviation of Wick's limit from an exact equality is small over a wide range of incident energies and target masses. Under these circumstances we show that Wick's limit can be used to correlate the uncertainties in the two terms of the reaction (nonelastic) cross section expressed as the difference between the total and angle-integrated elastic cross sections. When suitable elastic angular distributions are available, we show that the reaction cross section may be obtained with small errors (typically 1.5-3%). Examples are shown for Pb-208, Fe54-56, Th-232, and U-238. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dietrich, FS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 300 EP 303 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800064 ER PT S AU Hanson, KM Kawano, T Talou, P AF Hanson, KM Kawano, T Talou, P BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Probabilistic interpretation of Peelle's Pertinent Puzzle and its resolution SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Peelle's Pertinent Puzzle (PPP) states a seemingly plausible set of measurements with their covariance matrix, which produce an implausible answer. To answer the PPP question, we describe a reasonable experimental situation that is consistent with the PPP solution. The confusion surrounding the PPP arises in part because of its imprecise statement, which permits to a variety of interpretations and resulting answers, some of which seem implausible. We emphasize the importance of basing the analysis on an unambiguous probabilistic model that reflects the experimental situation. We present several different models of how the measurements quoted in the PPP problem could be obtained, and interpret their solution in terms of a detailed probabilistic analysis. We suggest a probabilistic approach to handling uncertainties about which model to use. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hanson, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 304 EP 307 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800065 ER PT S AU Smith, DL AF Smith, DL BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Nuclear data uncertainties in 2004: A perspective SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Interest in nuclear data uncertainties is growing robustly after having languished for several years. Renewed attention to this topic is being motivated by the practical need for assuring that nuclear systems will be safe, reliable, and cost effective, according to the individual requirements of each specific nuclear technology. Furthermore, applications are emerging in certain areas of basic nuclear science, e.g., in astrophysics, where, until recently, attention has focused mainly on understanding basic concepts and physics principles rather than on dealing with detailed quantitative information. The availability of fast computers and the concurrent development of sophisticated software enable nuclear data uncertainty information to be used more effectively than ever before. For example, data uncertainties and associated methodologies play useful roles in advanced data measurement, analysis, and evaluation procedures. Unfortunately, the current inventory of requisite uncertainty information is rather limited when measured against these evolving demands. Consequently, there is a real need to generate more comprehensive and reasonable nuclear data uncertainty information, and to make this available relatively soon in suitable form for use in the computer codes employed for nuclear analyses and the development of advanced nuclear energy systems. This conference contribution discusses several conceptual and technical issues that need to be addressed in meeting this demand during the next few years. The role of data uncertainties in several areas of nuclear science will also be mentioned briefly. Finally, the opportunities that ultimately will be afforded by the availability of more extensive and reasonable uncertainty information, and some technical challenges to master, will also be explored in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 320 EP 325 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800068 ER PT S AU Leal, LC Derrien, H Guber, KH Sayer, R Larson, NM AF Leal, LC Derrien, H Guber, KH Sayer, R Larson, NM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Recent cross-section evaluations in the resonance region at the oak ridge national laboratory SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID ENERGY-RANGE; FISSION; U-233 AB The intent of this work is to present the results and to describe the procedures utilized to evaluate U-233 and F-19 for criticality safety applications. The evaluation was done in the resolved resonance region using the reduced Reich-Moore R-matrix formalism. The resonance analysis was performed with the multilevel R-matrix code SAMMY, which utilizes the generalized least-squares technique based on Bayes theory. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leal, LC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 332 EP 337 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800070 ER PT S AU Leal, LC Larson, NM Derrien, H Kawano, T Chadwick, MB AF Leal, LC Larson, NM Derrien, H Kawano, T Chadwick, MB BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI New approach for nuclear data covariance and sensitivity generation SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Covariance data are required to correctly assess uncertainties in design parameters in nuclear applications. The error estimation of calculated quantities relies on the nuclear data uncertainty information available in the basic nuclear data libraries, such as the U.S. Evaluated Nuclear Data File, ENDF/B. The uncertainty files in the ENDF/B library are obtained from the analysis of experimental data and are stored as variance and covariance data. The computer code SAMMY is used in the analysis of the experimental data in the resolved and unresolved resonance energy regions. The data fitting of cross sections is based on generalized least-squares formalism (Bayes' theory) together with the resonance formalism described by R-matrix theory. Two approaches are used in SAMMY for the generation of resonance-parameter covariance data. In the evaluation process SAMMY generates a set of resonance parameters that fit the data, and, in addition, it also provides the resonance-parameter covariances. For existing resonance-parameter evaluations where no resonance-parameter covariance data are available, the alternative is to use an approach called the "retroactive" resonance-parameter covariance generation. In the high-energy region the methodology for generating covariance data consists of least-squares fitting and model parameter adjustment. The least-squares fitting method calculates covariances directly from experimental data. The parameter adjustment method employs a nuclear model calculation such as the optical model and the Hauser-Feshbach model, and estimates a covariance for the nuclear model parameters. In this paper we describe the application of the retroactive method and the parameter adjustment method to generate covariance data for the gadolinium isotopes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leal, LC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 338 EP 341 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800071 ER PT S AU MacMahon, D Baglin, C AF MacMahon, D Baglin, C BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI The evaluation of gamma ray emission probabilities in the decay of Co-56 SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID ENERGY-LEVELS; RELATIVE INTENSITIES; CALIBRATION; DETECTORS; 56CO; EFFICIENCY; GA-66; CO56; STANDARDS; FE-56 AB Co-56 is a radioactive source that is particularly suitable for the calibration of gamma-ray detector efficiencies, as it provides a number of gamma rays of usable intensity with energies up to 3.5 MeV. Data published in 31 papers between 1965 and 2002 for 45 gamma rays with energies between 263 keV and 3612 keV have been reviewed and evaluated. Methods for the evaluation of discrepant data are discussed. Problems with detector efficiency calibrations above 3 MeV have been identified and are addressed. C1 Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MacMahon, D (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 370 EP 373 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800079 ER PT S AU Larson, NM AF Larson, NM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Treatment of data uncertainties SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The generation and use of data covariance matrices are discussed within the context of the analysis of neutron-induced cross-section data via the R-matrix code SAMMY. Two complementary approaches are described, the first involving mathematical manipulation of Bayes' equations and the second utilizing computer simulations. A new procedure for propagating uncertainties on unvaried parameters will allow the effect of all relevant experimental uncertainties to be reflected in the analysis results, without placing excessive additional burden on the analyst. Implementation of this procedure within SANMY is described and illustrated through the simulations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larson, NM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 374 EP 377 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800080 ER PT S AU Sayer, RO Guber, KH Leal, LC Larson, NA AF Sayer, RO Guber, KH Leal, LC Larson, NA BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI New resonance parameter evaluation of Cl neutron cross sections SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID CAPTURE; DEPENDENCE; CHLORINE; CL-35 AB Better measurements and evaluations are needed for many elements where the existing evaluations or the underlying nuclear cross-section data are not sufficiently accurate for reliable calculation of criticality safety margins. Deficiencies in the existing ENDF/B-VI data evaluation for Cl led to our resonance parameter evaluation of Cl neutron cross sections in the resolved resonance region with the multilevel Reich-Moore R-matrix formalism. Our evaluation takes advantage of recent high-resolution capture and transmission measurements at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) as well as older total cross-section measurements at Karlsruhe (KFK) to extend the resolved resonance energy range to 1.2 MeV with much more accurate representation of the data than previous evaluations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sayer, RO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 386 EP 389 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800083 ER PT S AU Page, PR Hale, GM AF Page, PR Hale, GM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Be-8 nuclear data evaluation SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB An R-matrix analysis of experimental nuclear data on the reactions He-4(alpha, alpha), 4He(alpha,p), He-4(alpha,d), Li-7(p,alpha), Li-7(p, p), Li-7(p,n), Be-7(n,p), Li-6(d,alpha), Li-6(d,p), Li-6(d,n), and Li-6(d,d), leading to the Be-8 intermediate state, has been completed in the last two years. About 4700 data points from 69 experimental references are included. The excitation energy above the Be-8 ground state is 25 - 26 MeV for all reactions except He-4(alpha,alpha) and Be-7(n,p). The data for the reactions He-4(alpha,alpha) and Li-6(d,d) do not fit well, but the other reactions fit with a chi(2)/(point) of less than the overall value of 7.9. Most of the 19 resonances found in the R-matrix analysis correspond to resonances formerly known from experiment. Evaluated integrated He-4(alpha,p), He-4(alpha,d), Li-7(p,alpha), Li-7(p,n), Be-7(n,p), Li-6(d,alpha), Li-6(d,p) and Li-6(d,n) reaction cross sections are presented. Evaluated cross-section and angular dependence files in ENDF format were prepared for the twelve reactions (PLi)-Li-7, n(7)Be, d(6)Li -> alpha He-4, p(7)Li, n(7)Be, d(6)Li. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 390 EP 393 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800084 ER PT S AU Holden, NE AF Holden, NE BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Review of non-neutron and neutron nuclear data, 2004 SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID TECHNICAL REPORT AB Review articles are in preparation for the 2004 edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics dealing with the evaluation of both non-neutron and neutron nuclear data. Data on the discovery of element 110, Darmstadtium, and element 111 have been officially accepted, while data on element 118 have been withdrawn. Data to be presented include revised values for very short-lived nuclides, long-lived nuclides, and beta-beta decay measurements. There has been a reassessment of the spontaneous fission (sf) half-lives, which distinguishes between sf decay half-lives and cluster decay half-lives, and with cluster-fission decay. New measurements of isotopic abundance values for many elements will be discussed with an emphasis on the minor isotopes of interest for use in neutron activation analysis measurements. Neutron resonance integrals will be discussed emphasizing the differences between the calculated values obtained from the analytical integration over neutron resonances and the measured values in a neutron reactor-spectrum, which does not quite conform to the assumed I/E neutron energy spectrum. The method used to determine the neutron resonance integral from measurement, using neutron activation analysis, will be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 426 EP 429 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800093 ER PT S AU Brown, DA Loyola, B McNabb, D AF Brown, DA Loyola, B McNabb, D BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Actinide cross-section evaluations SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The Livermore Computational Nuclear Physics group is charged with producing updated neutron incident cross-section evaluations for all the actinides in the coming year, concentrating on neutron-induced fission, neutron capture, and (n,2n) cross sections. We attack this daunting task either by adopting other recent evaluations or by performing our own. Owing to the large number of nuclei involved, we seek to automate this process as much as possible. For this purpose, we have developed a series of computer codes: x4i, an interface to the EXFOR database, fete, a code that translates ENDF/B formatted evaluations into a computationally convenient form, and da_fit, a fitting code that takes all relevant EXFOR data for a reaction or set of reactions and performs a generalized least-squares fit to them, subject to various constraints and other prior information. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 430 EP 433 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800094 ER PT S AU Iwamoto, O Herman, M Mughabghab, SF Oblozinsky, P Trkov, A AF Iwamoto, O Herman, M Mughabghab, SF Oblozinsky, P Trkov, A BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Neutron cross-section evaluations for 70,72,73,74,76Ge SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Entirely new evaluations have been performed for neutrons on all isotopes of Ge, from a thermal energy up to 20 MeV, with a focus on photon production. The resonance the EMPIRE-2.19 code. The results were validated against photon data on Fe and Nb. Isotopic evaluations for Ge were summed up and compared with available measurements on natural Ge. Various quantities related to photon production, showing strong dependence on neutron incident energy, are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Naltl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Iwamoto, O (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Naltl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 434 EP 437 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800095 ER PT S AU Oblozinsky, P Herman, M Mughabghab, S Sirakov, I Chang, J Nakagawa, T Shibata, K Kawai, M Ignatyuk, AV Pronyaev, VG Zerkin, V Shen, QB Zhuang, YX AF Oblozinsky, P Herman, M Mughabghab, S Sirakov, I Chang, J Nakagawa, T Shibata, K Kawai, M Ignatyuk, AV Pronyaev, VG Zerkin, V Shen, QB Zhuang, YX BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Review of neutron cross-section evaluations for fission products SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Review of neutron cross-section evaluations for fission products included in 5 major evaluated nuclear-data libraries was performed. The aim of the project, conducted under the WPEC Subgroup 21 during 2001-2004, was to prepare recommendations for best evaluations of nuclei in the range Z = 31-68. Altogether, existing evaluations for 211 materials were reviewed, 7 new materials were added, and recommendations were prepared for 218 materials. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Oblozinsky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 438 EP 441 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800096 ER PT S AU Griffin, PJ AF Griffin, PJ BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Consistency testing of the IRDF-2002 dosimetry cross section library SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The new MDF-2002 dosimetry cross-section library was completed by the IAEA in January 2004. A rigorous process was followed in the selection of the recommended dosimetry cross sections. The cross-section selection was followed with a consistency testing. This paper reports on the results of the consistency testing. An candidate selections passed the acceptance testing criteria and the library release is pending. Observations are made on areas that need improvement in the cross sections and in the scope of the consistency testing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 454 EP 457 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800100 ER PT S AU Mosteller, RD AF Mosteller, RD BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Comparison of results from the MCNP (TM) criticality validation suite using ENDF/B-VI and preliminary ENDF/B-VII nuclear data SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The MCNP Criticality Validation Suite is a collection of 31 benchmarks taken from the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments. MCNP5 calculations clearly demonstrate that, overall, nuclear data for a preliminary version of ENDF/B-VII produce better agreement with the benchmarks in the suite than do corresponding data from ENDF/B-VI. Additional calculations identify areas where improvements in the data still are needed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mosteller, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 458 EP 461 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800101 ER PT S AU MacFarlane, RE AF MacFarlane, RE BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Testing new actinide cross sections proposed for ENDF/B-VII SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Our Nuclear Physics Group has worked over the last several years to improve the ENDF/B actinide cross sections, especially as measured against the famous series of fast-spectrum critical experiments performed at Los Alamos under such names as Godiva, Jezebel, the Flattops, and Bigten. The new evaluations include changes in the high-energy fission cross sections, nubar, elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, fission spectra, and delayed neutrons that combine to significantly improve the calculated results for the Los Alamos critical assemblies. As a happy byproduct of this work, we found that the new evaluations also removed about half of a long-standing discrepancy in calculations of thermal-reactor critical experiments using lattices of low-enriched uranium oxide rods. In the meantime, work at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory has resulted in new proposed resonance parameters for U238. When these low-energy data are combined with the new high-energy data from Los Alamos, they have the effect of removing most of the rest of the problem for thermal lattices. Although more work will be done at both Los Alamos and Oak Ridge, including making the evaluations consistent with the new standards, the results presented in this talk provide promise that ENDF/B-VII will result in good improvements for users at both high and low neutron energies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MacFarlane, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 484 EP 489 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800107 ER PT S AU Beck, BR AF Beck, BR BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI FUDGE: A program for performing nuclear data testing and sensitivity studies SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB We have developed a program called FUDGE that allows one to modify data from LLNL's nuclear database. After modifying data, FUDGE can then be instructed to process the data into the formats used by LLNL's deterministic (ndf) and the Monte Carlo (MCAPM) transport codes. This capability allows users to perform nuclear data sensitivity studies without modification of the transport modeling codes. FUDGE is designed to be user friendly (object-oriented) and fast (the modification and processing typically takes about a minute). It uses Python as a front-end, making it flexible and scriptable. Comparing, plotting, and printing of the data are also supported. An overview of FUDGE will be presented as well as examples. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beck, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 503 EP 506 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800111 ER PT S AU Smith, D Fukahori, T Koning, A Manturov, G McKnight, R Nordborg, C Rimpault, G Takano, H AF Smith, D Fukahori, T Koning, A Manturov, G McKnight, R Nordborg, C Rimpault, G Takano, H BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI The OECD nuclear energy agency request list for nuclear data SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is revising the formats and working methods of its nuclear data request list project. The objective is to shorten the request list and make this activity more responsive to the needs of data measurers, evaluators, and users. The Working Party for International Nuclear Data Evaluation Cooperation (WPEC) is responsible for leading this effort. An ad hoe group of experts met in October 2003 and May 2004 to discuss the issues and to make recommendations to WPEC at its annual meeting. The following recommendations were submitted: i) two distinct request lists should be maintained: general needs and high priority needs; ii) stringent criteria for inclusion of requests in these lists should keep them shorter; iii) a high priority request would need to be well justified and benefits that would accrue from satisfying the request clearly stated; iv) Subgroup C, consisting of one provider of data and one user of data from each regional evaluation project, should oversee the request lists; v) outside consultants should be recruited as needed to help review requests; vi) all requests should be reviewed periodically; vii) Subgroup C should actively solicit new data requests; and viii) the NEA website should be revised to reflect the new procedures. These recommendations have been accepted by WPEC. This paper discusses the new request list criteria, stewardship procedures, and features of the request list website. An example of a request submitted in the new format is provided. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 545 EP 548 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800121 ER PT S AU McKinley, MS Beck, B McNabb, D AF McKinley, MS Beck, B McNabb, D BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI NADS - Nuclear and atomic data system SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB We have developed NADS (Nuclear and Atomic Data System), a web-based graphical interface for viewing pointwise and grouped cross sections and distributions. Our implementation is a client / server model. The client is a Java applet that displays the graphical interface, which has interactive 2-D, 3-D, and 4-D plots and tables. The server, which can serve and perform computations of the data, has been implemented in Python using the FUDGE package developed by Bret Beck at LLNL. Computational capabilities include algebraic manipulation of nuclear evaluated data in databases such as LLNL's ENDL-99, ENDF/B-V, and ENDF/B-VI, as well as user data. Processed data used in LLNL's transport codes are accessible as well. NADS is available from http://nuclear.llnl.gov/. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McKinley, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 549 EP 552 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800122 ER PT S AU Winchell, DF AF Winchell, DF BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Nuclear science references as a tool for data evaluation SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB For several decades, the Nuclear Science References database has been maintained as a tool for data evaluators and for the wider pure and applied research community. This contribution will describe the database and recent developments in web-based access. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Winchell, DF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 570 EP 573 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800128 ER PT S AU Sonzogni, AA AF Sonzogni, AA BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI NuDat 2.0: Nuclear structure and decay data on the Internet SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB NuDat 2.0 is a software product developed by the National Nuclear Data Center. It provides an interface between web users and several NNDC nuclear structure and decay databases. NuDat 2.0 can be used to search for ground and excited states level properties, gamma-ray information, and decay radiation information. In addition to the search capabilities, an interactive chart of nuclei is displayed. Different examples highlighting NuDat 2 search capabilities and display options are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Sonzogni, AA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Bldg 197D, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 574 EP 577 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800129 ER PT S AU Winchell, DF AF Winchell, DF BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI New web-based access to nuclear structure datasets SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB As part of an effort to migrate the NNDC databases to a relational platform, a new Web interface has been developed for the dissemination of the nuclear-structure datasets stored in the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File and Experimental Unevaluated Nuclear Data List. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Winchell, DF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 578 EP 581 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800130 ER PT S AU Burrows, TW Dunford, CL AF Burrows, TW Dunford, CL BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Nuclear information services at the national nuclear data center SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION AB The National Nuclear Data Center has provided remote access to its databases and other resources since 1986. This year we have completed the modernization of our databases and Web site. Resources available from our Web site will be summarized and some of the major improvements described in more detail. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Burrows, TW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 582 EP 585 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800131 ER PT S AU Ethvignot, T Devlin, M Granier, T Haight, RC Nelson, RO O'Donnell, JM Rochman, D AF Ethvignot, T Devlin, M Granier, T Haight, RC Nelson, RO O'Donnell, JM Rochman, D BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Measurement of the average multiplicity of prompt-fission neutrons from U-238(n,f) and U-235(n,f) from 0.7 to 200 MeV SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID MODEL; SPECTRA; F); THRESHOLD; ENERGIES; INCIDENT; FRAME AB Prompt-fission-neutron multiplicities were measured at a "white" neutron source for the fission of U-238 and U-235 up to 200 MeV. The data are of great importance in the connection of accelerator-coupled nuclear-reactor systems incinerating actinides, with uranium considered as a prototype actinide. We report that the fission induced by 200-MeV neutrons produces approximate to 10 more prompt neutrons than the fission induced by reactor neutrons. C1 Commissariat Energie Atom, DIF DPTA, Serv Phys Nucl, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ethvignot, T (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom, DIF DPTA, Serv Phys Nucl, BP 12, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 656 EP 659 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800149 ER PT S AU Lamoreaux, SK AF Lamoreaux, SK BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Washing up with hot and cold running neutrons: Tests of fundamental physical laws SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID HE-3 AB The properties of the Neutron and its interactions with matter have been long applied to tests of fundamental physical principles. An example of such an application is a test of the stability of the fundamental constants of physics based on possible changes in low energy absorption resonances and the isotopic composition of a prehistoric natural reactor that operated two billion years ago in equatorial Africa. A recent re-analysis of this event indicates that some fundamental constants have changed. The focus of the presentation will be on the uses of cold and ultracold neutrons (UCNs), and in particular, the experimental search for the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) which would be evidence for time reversal asymmetry in the microscopic interactions within the neutron. Ultracold neutrons are neutrons with kinetic energy sufficiently low that they can be reflected from material surfaces for all angles of incidence, allowing UCNs to be stored in material bottles for times approaching the beta decay lifetime of the neutron. Vagaries associated with the production, transport, and storage of UCNs will be described, and an overview progress on development of a new neutron EDM experiment to be operated at LANSCE will be presented. This new experiment has potential to improve the measurement sensitivity by a factor of 100. Although an EDM has not be observed for any elementary particle, experimental limits have been crucial for testing extensions to the so-called Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions. Our anticipated sensitivity will be sufficient to address questions regarding the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lamoreaux, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-23,MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 674 EP 677 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800153 ER PT S AU Gericke, MT Blessinger, C Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dawkins, M Dabaghyan, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hartfield, J Hersman, FW Ino, T Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, M Losowski, B Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Muto, S Nann, H Page, SA Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Seo, PN Sharapov, ET Smith, TB Snow, WM Tasson, J Wilburn, WS Zhu, H AF Gericke, MT Blessinger, C Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dawkins, M Dabaghyan, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hartfield, J Hersman, FW Ino, T Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, M Losowski, B Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Muto, S Nann, H Page, SA Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Seo, PN Sharapov, ET Smith, TB Snow, WM Tasson, J Wilburn, WS Zhu, H BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI A low-noise CsI detector array for the precision measurement of parity nonconservation in (n)over-right-arrow+p -> d+gamma SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID VIOLATING ASYMMETRY AB We have built a CsI(TI) gamma-ray detector array for the NPDGamma experiment to search for a small parity-violating directional asymmetry in the angular distribution of 2.2 MeV gamma-rays from the capture of polarized cold neutrons by protons with a sensitivity of several ppb. The weak pion-nucleon coupling constant can be determined from this asymmetry. The small size of the asymmetry requires control of systematic errors at the ppb level, and the use of current-mode gamma-ray detection with vacuum photo diodes and low-noise solid-state preamplifiers. The detectors were tested for noise performance, sensitivity to magnetic fields, pedestal stability, and cosmic background. False asymmetries due to gain changes and electronic pickup in the detector system were measured to be consistent with zero to an accuracy of 10(-9) in a few hours. We show that the detector array operates at counting statistics and present asymmetry results for B4C, CCl4, Al, Cu, and In. B4C, Al, Cu, and In are used throughout the experimental apparatus. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gericke, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 692 EP 695 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800157 ER PT S AU Seo, PN Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dabaghyan, M Dawkins, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, T Gericke, MT Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hersman, FW Ino, T Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, MB Lozowski, B Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Muto, S Nann, H Page, SA Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Yuan, V Zhu, H AF Seo, PN Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dabaghyan, M Dawkins, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, T Gericke, MT Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hersman, FW Ino, T Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, MB Lozowski, B Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Muto, S Nann, H Page, SA Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Yuan, V Zhu, H BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI The 2004 NPDGamma commissioning run-measurement of parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetries in neutron capture on Al, Cu, Cl, In, and B SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The NPDGamma experiment will measure with a high precision, 5x10(-9), the small parity-violating gammaray asymmetry, A. in polarized cold neutron capture in a para-hydrogen target to determine unambiguously the weak pion-nucleon coupling constant H-pi(1). For the experiment the collaboration has built a new high-flux pulsed cold neutron beam line at LANSCE. In 2004, we first commissioned the beam line and then the apparatus with exception of the hydrogen target. The sensitivity of the apparatus was tested by measuring A(gamma) on Al, B, Cl, Cu, and In. The CI has a well-known large parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry that was used to verify the performance of the apparatus. The other nuclei that were studied during the commissioning run are present in materials used for construction of the experiment and are, therefore, possible sources of the false asymmetries since backgrounds are expected to be about 10% of the signal from the neutron capture on hydrogen. We measured A(gamma)=0 for these nuclei except for Cl. We report the status of the experiment and preliminary results of the 2004 commissioning run. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 696 EP 699 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800158 ER PT S AU Seo, PN Bowman, JD Calarco, JR Chupp, TE Cianciolo, TV Desai, D De Souza, RT O'Donnell, JM Frlez, E Gentile, T Greene, GL Grzywacz, R Gudkov, V Hersman, FW Jones, GL Mitchell, GS Penttila, S Pocanic, D Rykaczewski, KP Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Young, GR AF Seo, PN Bowman, JD Calarco, JR Chupp, TE Cianciolo, TV Desai, D De Souza, RT O'Donnell, JM Frlez, E Gentile, T Greene, GL Grzywacz, R Gudkov, V Hersman, FW Jones, GL Mitchell, GS Penttila, S Pocanic, D Rykaczewski, KP Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Young, GR BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI A precision measurement of neutron beta-decay angular correlations with pulsed cold neutrons - The abBA experiment SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The abBA collaboration is developing a new type of field-expansion spectrometer to measure neutron beta decay angular parameters, a, b, A and A, to the 0.1% precision level. This precision will be achieved by combining three new technical approaches; a pulsed cold neutron beam, a 3 He neutron spin filter, and segmented large-area thin-dead layer silicon detectors. Both the electron and proton resulting from the decay will be guided by electric and magnetic fields and detected in coincidence by two 271 solid-angle silicon detectors. For the neutron polarization-dependent observables A and B, a novel precision neutron polarimetry technique has been developed. The parameters a and b will be obtained from the proton time-of-flight and the measured electron energy spectrum. Measurement of the four parameters in the same apparatus provides a redundant determination of parameter lambda=g(A)/gV(,) providing a test of the standard electroweak interaction. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Seo, PN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 704 EP 707 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800160 ER PT S AU Lisowski, PW AF Lisowski, PW BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Basic and applied science research at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID CROSS-SECTION AB The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, or LANSCE, is an accelerator-based national user facility for research in basic and applied science using four experimental areas. LANSCE has two areas that provide neutrons generated by the 800-MeV proton beam striking tungsten target systems. A third area uses the proton beam for radiography. The fourth area uses 100 MeV protons to produce medical radioisotopes. This paper describes the four LANSCE experimental areas, gives nuclear science highlights of the past operating period, and discusses plans for the future. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lisowski, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H848,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 712 EP 717 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800162 ER PT S AU Becker, JA Nelson, RO AF Becker, JA Nelson, RO BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Neutron-induced reactions and spectroscopy with GEANIE SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB A large number of partial gamma-ray cross sections produced in neutron-induced reactions with neutrons in the energy range 1 < E-n (MeV) < 200 have been measured over the past eight years. Partial gamma-ray cross sections are measured as a function of incident neutron energy using the time-of-flight technique. Reaction channel cross sections were deduced from these measurements with the aid of nuclear modeling. Enabling facilities are the intense "white" source of neutrons at the LANSCE/WNR 60R 20-meter flight path, and the precision gamma-ray spectrometry of the Compton-suppressed Ge detector array GEANIE. The first focus of the measurements was on the Pu-239(n,2n) cross section, followed by a series of other experiments on nuclei throughout the periodic table, with an emphasis on neutron-fluence activation detectors (or "RadChem detectors"). Representative measurements will be presented, along with the techniques. Experiments in progress and future plans are mentioned. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Becker, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 748 EP 753 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800169 ER PT S AU Ahle, L Hausmann, M Reifarth, R Roberts, K Roeben, M Rusnak, B Vieira, D AF Ahle, L Hausmann, M Reifarth, R Roberts, K Roeben, M Rusnak, B Vieira, D BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Realizing the opportunities of neutron cross-section measurements at RIA SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The Rare Isotope Accelerator will produce many isotopes at never before seen rates. This will allow for the first-time measurements on isotopes very far from stability and new measurement opportunities for unstable nuclei near stability. In fact, the production rates are such that it should be possible to collect 10 micrograms of many isotopes with a half-life of I day or more. This ability to make targets of short-lived nuclei enables the possibility of making neutron cross-section measurements important to the astrophysics and the stockpile stewardship communities. But to fully realize this opportunity, the appropriate infi-astructure must be included at the RIA facility. This includes isotope harvesting capabilities, radiochemical areas for processing collected material, and an intense, "mono-energetic," tunable neutron source. As such, we have been developing a design for neutron source facility to be included at the RIA site. This facility would produce neutrons via intense beams of deuterons and protons on a variety of targets. The facility would also include the necessary radiochemical facilities for target processing. These infi-astructure needs will be discussed in addition to the methods that would be employed at RIA for measuring these neutron cross sections. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ahle, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 796 EP 799 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800181 ER PT S AU Nelson, RO Fotiades, N Devlin, M Becker, JA Garrett, PE Younes, W AF Nelson, RO Fotiades, N Devlin, M Becker, JA Garrett, PE Younes, W BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Cross-section standards for neutron-induced gamma-ray production in the MeV energy range SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID INELASTIC-SCATTERING AB Gamma-ray cross-section standards for neutron-induced reactions are important in enabling the accurate determination of absolute cross sections from relative measurements of gamma-ray production. In our work we observed a need for improvement in these standards. In particular there are large discrepancies between evaluations of the Fe-nat(n,n(1)'gamma) cross section for the 847-kell gamma ray. We have performed (1) absolute cross-section measurements, (2) measurements relative to the Cr-nat(n,n(1)'y) 1434-keV gamma ray, and (3) comparisons using measured total and elastic scattering cross sections to refine our knowledge of the Fe cross section and the closely linked inelastic channel cross section for Fe. Calculation of integral tests of the cross section libraries may indicate that adjustment of the angular distributions of the neutron elastic and inelastic scattering may be needed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE3, MS H855, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nelson, RO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE3, MS H855, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 838 EP 841 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800190 ER PT S AU Bernstein, LA Burke, JT Church, JA Ahle, L Cooper, JR Hoffman, RD Punyon, J Schiller, A Algin, E Plettner, C Ai, H Beausang, CW Casten, RF Hughes, R Ricard-McCutchan, E Meyer, D Ressler, JJ Caggiano, JA Zamfir, NV Amro, H Heinz, A Fallon, P McMahan, MA Macchiavelli, AO Phair, LW AF Bernstein, LA Burke, JT Church, JA Ahle, L Cooper, JR Hoffman, RD Punyon, J Schiller, A Algin, E Plettner, C Ai, H Beausang, CW Casten, RF Hughes, R Ricard-McCutchan, E Meyer, D Ressler, JJ Caggiano, JA Zamfir, NV Amro, H Heinz, A Fallon, P McMahan, MA Macchiavelli, AO Phair, LW BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Surrogate nuclear reactions using STARS SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The results from two Surrogate reaction experiments using the STARS (Silicon Telescope Array for Reaction Studies) spectrometer are presented. The surrogate method involves measuring the particle and/or gamma-ray decay probabilities of excited nuclei populated via a direct reaction. These probabilities can then be used to deduce neutron-induced reaction cross sections that lead to the same compound nuclei. In the first experiment STARS coupled to the GAMMASPHERE gamma-ray spectrometer successfully reproduce surrogate (n,gamma), (n,n'gamma) and (n,2n gamma) cross sections on Gd-155,Gd-156 Using He-3-induced reactions. In the second series of experiments an energetic deuteron beam from the ESTU tandem at the Wright Nuclear Structure Lab at Yale University was used to obtain the ratio of fission probabilities for U-238/U-236 and U-237/U-239 populated Using the U-236,U-238(d,d'f) and (236,238) U(d,pf) reactions. Results from these experiments are presented and the implications for the surrogate reaction technique are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bernstein, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; Burke, Jason/I-4580-2012 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 890 EP 893 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800202 ER PT S AU Carpenter, MP Kondev, FG Janssens, RVF AF Carpenter, MP Kondev, FG Janssens, RVF BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Shape coexistence at the outer edges of stability SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID EXCITED STRUCTURES; PROTON; RADIOACTIVITY; NUCLEI; DECAY AB A major program of Gammasphere when coupled with the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA) has been to study excited states in nuclei beyond the proton drip line. We have recently performed in-beam experiments using Gammasphere + FMA to measure excited states in proton rich Au, Hg, Tl and Pb isotopes. These studies have allowed us to characterize the evolution of nuclear shapes as one approaches the proton drip line. In two of the isotopes studied, namely Au-175 and Hg-179, structures built on three distinct shapes have been found to coexist at low excitation energy. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carpenter, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 894 EP 897 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800203 ER PT S AU Fotiades, N Nelson, RO Devlin, M Chadwick, MB Talou, R Becker, JA Garrett, PE Younes, W AF Fotiades, N Nelson, RO Devlin, M Chadwick, MB Talou, R Becker, JA Garrett, PE Younes, W BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Cross Sections for gamma-ray production in the Ir-191 (n,xn gamma) reactions SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Discrete gamma-ray spectra have been measured for nuclei populated in Ir-191(n, xn gamma) reactions, with x <= 11, as a function of incident neutron energy using neutrons from the "white" neutron source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center's WNR facility. The energy of the neutrons was determined using the time-of-flight technique. The data were taken using the GEANIE spectrometer. The cross sections for emission of 202 gamma rays of Ir181-191 were determined for neutron energies 0.2 MeV < En < 300 MeV. Comparison with model calculations, using the GNASH reaction model, and with GEANIE results from the similar Ir-193(n,xn gamma) reactions is made. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 898 EP 901 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800204 ER PT S AU Chrien, RE Alburger, DE Wishart, JF Sutter, RJ AF Chrien, RE Alburger, DE Wishart, JF Sutter, RJ BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Search for subthreshold neutron production in Be SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID CROSS-SECTION; BE-9; ETL AB We have searched for neutrons from the 3-body photon-induced reaction Be-9 + gamma -> alpha + alpha + n using bremsstrahlung produced by electrons from a 2-MV Van de Graaff. The target was located within a block of beryllium surrounded by an array of He-3 proportional counters embedded in paraffin. Based on energy and intensity calibrations of the accelerator and detector using the Be-9 + gamma -> Be-8+n reaction, an upper limit of 93 nb (4 sigma) was placed on the cross section for neutron production between the 3-body and 2-body thresholds. This value is substantially below a previously experimental result using photoexcitation by a Pr-142 gamma source and also below an earlier theoretical estimate. We suggest that bremsstrahlung due to beta rays between 1665 keV and the 2160-keV end-point of the Pr-142 beta-ray spectrum could account for the photoneutron yield in the 3-body region that had previously been attributed to Pr-142 gamma rays. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chrien, RE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 908 EP 911 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800206 ER PT S AU Younes, W Britt, HC AF Younes, W Britt, HC BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Simulated (n,f) cross sections on various Th, U, Np, Pu, and Am targets SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES; FISSION; NUCLEI; URANIUM; ENERGY AB Neutron-induced fission cross sections have been deduced from measured fission probabilities for targets of Tb-231,Tb-233, U-234,U-235,U-235m,U-236,U-237,U-239, Np-236,Np-236m,Np-237,Np-238, Pu-237,Pu-237m,Pu-240,Pu-241,Pu-243, and (240,241,242,242m,243,244,244m)AM. The fission-probability data were measured for (t, pf) reactions, up to an equivalent incident neutron energy of E-n similar to 2.2 MeV, and for (He-3,xf) reactions, up to an equivalent E-n similar to 6 MeV. The procedure used to deduce cross sections for the corresponding (n,f) reactions, within the equivalent neutron-energy range of the fission-probability data, is briefly reviewed. The deduced (n,f) cross sections obtained to date are summarized. The limitations of the present formalism and proposed improvements are discussed, within the context of extending the (n,f) cross sections beyond the range of the fission-probability data, up to E-n = 20 MeV. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Younes, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 912 EP 917 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800207 ER PT S AU Ullmann, JL Agvaanluvsan, U Alpizar, A Bond, EM Bredeweg, TA Esch, EI Folden, CM Greife, U Hatarik, R Haight, RC Hoffman, DC Hunt, L Kronenberg, A O'Donnell, JM Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Strottman, DD Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB Wouters, JM AF Ullmann, JL Agvaanluvsan, U Alpizar, A Bond, EM Bredeweg, TA Esch, EI Folden, CM Greife, U Hatarik, R Haight, RC Hoffman, DC Hunt, L Kronenberg, A O'Donnell, JM Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Strottman, DD Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB Wouters, JM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI The detector for advanced neutron capture experiments: A 4 pi BaF2 detector for neutron capture measurements at LANSCE SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) is a 162-element (4)pi BaF2 array designed to make neutron capture cross-section measurements on rare or radioactive targets with masses as little as one milligram. Accurate capture cross sections are needed in many research areas, including stellar nucleosynthesis, advanced nuclear fuel cycles, waste transmutation, and other applied programs. These cross sections are difficult to calculate accurately and must be measured. The design and initial performance results of DANCE is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ullmann, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 918 EP 923 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800208 ER PT S AU Rochman, D Tsekhanovich, I Simpson, G Gonnenwein, F Storrer, F Sokolov, V Serot, O AF Rochman, D Tsekhanovich, I Simpson, G Gonnenwein, F Storrer, F Sokolov, V Serot, O BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Mass and isotopic yields in super-asymmetric fission of Cm-245(n(th),f) SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID NEUTRON-INDUCED FISSION; ENERGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; CHARGE AB Mass, isotopic yields for thermal-neutron induced fission of Cm-245 at the Lohengrin fission-product mass separator are described. Using an ionization chamber coupled to the mass separator, we have measured the mass and isotopic yields from fragment mass A=67 up to A=77 over three yield decades. This considerably extends the data set previously known for the light peak. The results of mass and isotopic yields are compared with those of other compound nuclei to highlight the shell effect at mass 70 for the Cm-246* compound-nucleus system. Finally, the neutron evaporation in the super-asymmetric fission of Cm-245 is investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rochman, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 965 EP 968 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800219 ER PT S AU Rochman, D Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Devlin, M Ethvignot, T Granier, T Grimes, SM Talou, P AF Rochman, D Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Devlin, M Ethvignot, T Granier, T Grimes, SM Talou, P BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Neutron emission spectra from inelastic scattering on Ni-58,Ni-60 with a white neutron source at FIGARO SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID SPALLATION SOURCE AB Neutron emission spectra from inelastic neutron scattering on natural nickel at the FIGARO facility have been measured by a double time-of-flight technique. The incident neutrons are produced from the spallation source of the Weapons Neutron Research facility, and their energies are determined by time of flight. The emitted neutrons and gamma rays are detected by 16 liquid scintillators and one high-resolution germanium or one barium-fluoride detector, respectively. The results for incident neutron energies from 2 to 10 MeV are compared with predictions of nuclear model calculations performed with the code EMPIRE-II. Finally, the level density parameters "a" and "Delta" are extracted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rochman, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 985 EP 988 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800224 ER PT S AU Esch, EI Alpizar-Vicente, A Bond, EM Bredeweg, TA Glover, SE Greife, U Haight, RC Hatarik, R Kronenberg, A O'Donnell, JM Pitcher, EJ Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wender, SA Wouters, JM AF Esch, EI Alpizar-Vicente, A Bond, EM Bredeweg, TA Glover, SE Greife, U Haight, RC Hatarik, R Kronenberg, A O'Donnell, JM Pitcher, EJ Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wender, SA Wouters, JM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Status of the neutron capture measurement on 237 Np with the DANCE array at LANSCE SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Neptunium-237 is a major constituent of spent nuclear fuel. Estimates place the amount of Np-237 bound for the Yucca Mountain high-level waste repository at 40 metric tons. The Department of Energy's Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative program is evaluating methods for transmuting the actinide waste that will be generated by future operation of commercial nuclear power plants. The critical parameter that defines the transmutation efficiency of actinide isotopes is the neutron fission-to-capture ratio for the particular isotope in a given neutron spectrum. The calculation of transmutation efficiency therefore requires accurate fission and capture cross sections. Current Np-237 evaluations available for transmuter system studies show significant discrepancies in both the fission and capture cross sections in the energy regions of interest. Herein we report on Np-237(n,gamma) measurements using the recently commissioned DANCE array. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Esch, EI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 989 EP 991 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800225 ER PT S AU Talou, P Chadwick, MB Young, R Kawano, T AF Talou, P Chadwick, MB Young, R Kawano, T BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI The nuclear reaction code McGNASH SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID PRECOMPOUND DECAY MODEL; CROSS-SECTION; COMPOUND; AVERAGE AB McGNASH is a modem statitistical/preequilibrium nuclear reaction code, being developed at Los Alamos, which can simulate neutron-, proton- and photon-induced reactions in the energy range from a few-keV to about 150 MeV. It is written in modem Fortran 95 scientific language, offering new capabilities both for the developer and the user. McGNASH is still in a development stage, and a first public release is planned for later in 2005. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talou, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1132 EP 1135 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801014 ER PT S AU Buervenich, TJ Madland, DG AF Buervenich, TJ Madland, DG BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Nuclear ground-state observables from relativistic mean-field models: Masses, densities, radii, single-particle levels SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB We report on the current status of relativistic mean-field models for the calculation and prediction of nuclear ground-state observables. These models are quite powerful and can be applied to light (A >= 16), medium, and heavy nuclei (spherical and deformed) and allow realistic extrapolations to the drip lines and to superheavy nuclei. From a single calculation one obtains a plethora of microscopic information about the chosen nucleus. We discuss several of the corresponding observables that are then simultaneously calculated as well as the accuracy with which they can be determined within the current models. Finally, we discuss recent model enhancements, connections to more fundamental physics, and future work. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Buervenich, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1140 EP 1143 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801016 ER PT S AU Herman, M Oblozinsky, P Capote, R Sin, M Trkov, A Ventura, A Zerkin, V AF Herman, M Oblozinsky, P Capote, R Sin, M Trkov, A Ventura, A Zerkin, V BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Recent developments of the nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID EMISSION AB Recent extensions and improvements of the EMPIRE code system are outlined. They add to the code new capabilities such as fission of actinides, preequilibrium emission of clusters, photo-nuclear reactions, and reactions on excited targets. These features, along with improved ENDF formatting, exclusive spectra, and recoils make the forthcoming 2.19 release a complete tool for evaluation of nuclear data at incident energies above the resonance region. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Herman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1184 EP 1187 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801026 ER PT S AU Mashnik, SG Gudima, KK Sierk, AJ Prael, RE AF Mashnik, SG Gudima, KK Sierk, AJ Prael, RE BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Improved intranuclear Cascade models for the codes CEM2k and LAQGSM SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION; P ELASTIC-SCATTERING; LESS-THAN 180-DEGREES; NEUTRON-PROTON; ENERGIES; PHOTOPRODUCTION; RANGE; EXCHANGE; HYDROGEN; CHARGE AB An improved version of the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) of nuclear reactions implemented in the codes CEM2k and the Los Alamos version of the Quark-Gluon String Model (LAQGSM) has been developed recently at LANL to describe reactions induced by particles and nuclei at energies up to hundreds of GeV/nucleon for a number of applications. We present several improvements to the intranuclear cascade models used in CEM2k and LAQGSM developed recently to better describe the physics of nuclear reactions. First, we incorporate the photonuclear mode from CEM2k into LAQGSM to allow it to describe photonuclear reactions, not previously modeled there. Then, we develop new approximations to describe more accurately experimental elementary energy and angular distributions of secondary particles from hadron-hadron and photon-hadron interactions using available data and approximations published by other authors. Finally, to consider reactions involving very highly excited nuclei (E* >= 2 - 3 MeV/A), we have incorporated into CEM2k and LAQGSM the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM), as a possible reaction mechanism occurring after the preequilibrium stage. A number of other refinements to our codes developed recently are also listed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mashnik, SG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1188 EP 1192 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801027 ER PT S AU Lynn, JE AF Lynn, JE BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Theory in evaluation of actinide fission and capture cross sections SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID BARRIER AB We discuss the possibilities and limitations of the use of theory as a tool in the evaluation of actinide fission and capture cross sections. We consider especially the target U-235 as an example. We emphasize the roles of intermediate structure in the fission cross section and of level width fluctuations in both intermediate structure and fine structure, noting that these lead to a breakdown of Hauser-Feshbach theory at sub-barrier and near-barrier energies. At higher energies (where fluctuation-averaged Hauser-Feshbach theory is applicable) semi-quantitative and intuitive representations of transition state spectra and barrier level density functions have to be tested against experimental data wherever these are available. Adjustment of the fission cross section against inelastic scattering to the much better known levels of the residual nucleus should then lead to a fairly sound estimate of the capture cross section. We compare such estimates with evaluated and experimental data for U-235. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lynn, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T16, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1193 EP 1196 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801028 ER PT S AU Goutte, H Berger, JF Gogny, D AF Goutte, H Berger, JF Gogny, D BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Fission: Potential energy surfaces and dynamics SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID RADIOACTIVE BEAMS; NUCLEAR-FISSION; COORDINATE; FRAGMENTS; MASS AB Recent microscopic studies devoted to fission are presented. First, potential energy surface properties are extracted using the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with constraints. Then, dynamical properties of the fission process are studied by use of the time-dependent Generator Coordinate Method based on self-consistent intrinsic nuclear wave functions calculated with the Gogny force. The influence of fission dynamics on fragment mass distributions is discussed. C1 CEA, DIF, DPTA, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Goutte, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1203 EP 1208 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801030 ER PT S AU Lemaire, S Talou, P Kawano, T Madland, DG Chadwick, MB AF Lemaire, S Talou, P Kawano, T Madland, DG Chadwick, MB BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Correlated neutron emission in fission SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID FRAGMENTS; MULTIPLICITIES; ENERGY AB We have implemented a Monte Carlo simulation of the fission-fragment statistical decay by sequential neutron emission. Within this approach, we calculate both the center-of-mass and laboratory prompt-neutron energy spectra, the prompt neutron multiplicity distribution P(v), and the average total number of emitted neutrons as a function of the mass of the fission fragment v(A). Two assumptions for partitioning the total available excitation energy among the light and heavy fragments are considered. Preliminary results are reported for the neutron-induced fission of U-235 (at 0.53 MeV neutron energy) and for the spontaneous fission of Cf-252. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lemaire, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1217 EP 1220 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801033 ER PT S AU Herman, M AF Herman, M CA RIPL-2 Collaborat BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI RIPL-2: Reference input parameter library for nuclear reaction model calculations SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB RIPL-2 is a comprehensive library of input parameters for theoretical modeling of nuclear reactions developed under the IAEA Coordinated Research Project and released in May 2003. It contains extensive compilation of physical quantities that are necessary for calculation of nuclear reactions including nuclear masses, deformations, level schemes, optical-model potentials, level densities, gamma-strength functions, and fission barriers. Contents of the RIPL-2 library, data testing, and data retrieval from the IAEA Website is briefly reviewed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Herman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1237 EP 1240 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801038 ER PT S AU Herman, M Oblozinsky, P Chadwick, MB AF Herman, M Oblozinsky, P Chadwick, MB BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Validation of Monte Carlo pre-equilibrium model (HMS) SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID PRECOMPOUND DECAY MODEL AB The Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulation (HMS) model of preequilibrium emission has been validated against 150 neutron- (partially proton-) induced reactions on 35 target nuclei by comparing calculated nucleon emission spectra with angle-integrated experimental data. Free-scattering damping width was assessed to represent good approximation to the magnitude of the pre-equilibrium processes, and found suitable for theoretical predictions and evaluations of nuclear reaction data. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Herman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1241 EP 1244 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801039 ER PT S AU Sonzogni, AA AF Sonzogni, AA BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Proton radioactivity for nuclei with Z > 50 SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Ground and excited state nuclear properties for nuclei with Z > 50 that exhibit proton radioactivity have been compiled and evaluated. For spherical proton emitters, a systematic trend relating the proton radioactivity partial half-life to the proton Q-value and the emitter's number of protons is derived. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Sonzogni, AA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Bldg 197D, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1269 EP 1272 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801045 ER PT S AU Carlson, J Nollett, KM AF Carlson, J Nollett, KM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Microscopic approaches to light-nucleus reactions SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID SCATTERING AB Microscopic calculations of reactions in light nuclei are very important both for improving our understanding of nuclear structure and dynamics, and especially for studying processes that are very difficult to measure in the laboratory. Many astrophysical reactions fall in the latter category, for example some involved in big-bang nucleosynthesis and solar neutrino production. Microscopic calculations based upon realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions have proven very successful in describing the ground and low-lying excited states of nuclei up to mass 12. Recently, methods have also been developed that allow us to extend these calculations to excited states with the same quantum number. Also, improved methods for direct calculations of low-energy nuclear scattering have been implemented. Here we describe initial applications to neutron-alpha scattering, where we can use the available scattering data as a test of the three-nucleon interaction models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM carlson@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1289 EP 1294 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801049 ER PT S AU Fasso, A Ferrari, A Sala, PR AF Fasso, A Ferrari, A Sala, PR BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Photonuclear reactions in FLUKA: Cross sections and interaction models SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID RADIATION TRANSPORT; GIANT RESONANCE; NUCLEI; ABSORPTION; PHYSICS; REGION AB Photonuclear reactions, implemented in FLUKA about ten years ago, have opened the way to a more accurate design of electron accelerator shielding. Since then, they have been introduced also in other codes: but the FLUKA design, covering all nuclei over the whole energy range, remains still unique. The FLUKA scheme is based on several physical models corresponding to different energy ranges but partially overlapping to ensure continuity. All models are smoothly integrated in the FLUKA hadronic event generator. Here we will mainly focus on the FLUKA Giant Resonance total cross-section database, which has been derived from experimental data or from existing evaluations for 190 nuclides. For all other nuclei, excitation functions are obtained from parameterizations or by interpolation. Many partial cross sections, not used explicitly in FLUKA, have also been evaluated in order to ensure consistency of the total cross sections entered into the database. The FLUKA implementation of photonuclear reactions has been successfully benchmarked with activation and neutron spectrometry experiments, and is being widely used to design shielding and to predict radiation damage. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fasso, A (reprint author), SLAC, MS 48,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1303 EP 1306 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801052 ER PT S AU Reifarth, R Alpizar-Vicente, A Hatarik, R Bredeweg, TA Esch, EI Greife, U Haight, RC Kronenberg, A O'Donnell, JM Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wouters, JM AF Reifarth, R Alpizar-Vicente, A Hatarik, R Bredeweg, TA Esch, EI Greife, U Haight, RC Kronenberg, A O'Donnell, JM Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wouters, JM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Nuclear astrophysics at DANCE SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID S-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NEUTRON-CAPTURE; CROSS-SECTIONS; MASSIVE STARS; PHYSICS AB One of the most interesting nuclear physics challenges is obtaining a detailed understanding of the nucleosynthesis processes of the elements. Knowledge about the stellar sites, and how they are governed by stellar evolution and cosmology are crucial in understanding the overall picture. Information on reaction rates for neutron- and charged-particle-induced reactions have a direct impact on existing stellar models. Except for the stable isotopes, very few neutron-induced reactions in the energy range of interest have been measured to date. DANCE measurements on stable and unstable isotopes will provide many of the missing key reactions that are needed to understand the nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reifarth, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1323 EP 1326 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801056 ER PT S AU Smith, MS AF Smith, MS BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Future of nuclear data for nuclear astrophysics SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB Nuclear astrophysics is an exciting growth area in nuclear science. Because of the enormous nuclear data needs of this field, it has an exciting potential to boost nuclear data activities in the twenty-first century. Furthermore, the tremendous interest of the general public in astrophysics makes this area of work an excellent vehicle for wide exposure of nuclear data activities. Unfortunately, decreasing data evaluation manpower, the difficulty of processing nuclear data into formats compatible with astrophysical models, and a lack of a coherent future plan have brought about a crisis in nuclear data for nuclear astrophysics. It is imperative to take action now before the situation worsens - especially before new future facilities begin operation. A number of specific actions are proposed to help ensure that nuclear data is rapidly incorporated into astrophysical models in the future. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1331 EP 1334 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801058 ER PT S AU Basunia, MS Norman, EB Shugart, HA Smith, AR Dolinski, MJ Quiter, BJ AF Basunia, MS Norman, EB Shugart, HA Smith, AR Dolinski, MJ Quiter, BJ BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Measurement of cross sections for the Cu-63(alpha,gamma)Ga-67 reaction from 5.9-8.7 MeV SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID NUCLEI; RATES; DECAY; GA-67 AB We have measured cross sections for the Cu-63(alpha, gamma)Ga-67 reaction in the 5.9-8.7 MeV energy range using an activation technique. Natural Cu foils were bombarded with alpha beams from the 88" Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Activated foils were counted using the gamma spectrometry system at LBNL's Low Background Facility. The Cu-63(alpha, gamma)Ga-67 cross sections were determined and compared with the latest NON-SMOKER theoretical values. Experimental cross sections were found to be in agreement with theoretical values. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Basunia, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1366 EP 1369 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801065 ER PT S AU Baglin, CM Norman, EB Larimer, RM Rech, GA AF Baglin, CM Norman, EB Larimer, RM Rech, GA BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Measurement of Ag-107(alpha,gamma)In-111 cross sections SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Cross sections have been measured for the Ag-107(alpha, gamma)In-111 reaction at several a-particle energies between 7.8 MeV and 11.9 MeV. This reaction is of interest because it can provide a check on calculations of low-energy (alpha, gamma) cross sections required for stellar nucleosynthesis predictions. Stacks of natural Ag foils of 1 mu m thickness and 99.97% purity were bombarded with He-4(+) beams. Following irradiation, the yields of the 171-keV and 245-keV photons produced in the 2.805-day electron-capture decay of the In-111 product nucleus were measured off-line. The Ag foils were interleaved with 99.6% purity, 6-mu m-thick natural Ti foils so that known cross sections for the Ti-48(alpha, n) reaction could be used to check the accuracy of the beam current integration. For any given beam energy, beam energy degradation in the foils resulted in lower effective bombarding energies for successive foils in the stack, enabling measurements to be made for several energies per irradiation. The measured cross sections are compared with published statistical-model calculations. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baglin, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1370 EP 1373 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801066 ER PT S AU Nesaraja, CD Smith, MS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Chae, K Guidry, MW Hix, WR Kozub, RL Lingerfelt, EJ Ma, ZW Meyer, RA Scott, JP Thomas, JS AF Nesaraja, CD Smith, MS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Chae, K Guidry, MW Hix, WR Kozub, RL Lingerfelt, EJ Ma, ZW Meyer, RA Scott, JP Thomas, JS BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI New evaluations and computational infrastructure for management and visualization of nuclear astrophysics data SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Recent measurements with radioactive beams at ORNL's Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) have prompted evaluations of the structure and reactions of unstable nuclei that play an important role in stellar explosions. The evaluation work focuses on reactions involving unstable nuclei and their associated level structures. To determine the astrophysical impact of these evaluations and other new nuclear physics results, it is vital to rapidly and accurately process and incorporate them into astrophysics models. We discuss the development of a new computational infrastructure that streamlines this process, and is available online at nucastrodata.org. This site also hyperlinks all available nuclear data sets relevant for nuclear astrophysics studies. Features of the suite and future developments are described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nesaraja, CD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Nesaraja, Caroline/0000-0001-5571-8341 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1378 EP 1381 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801068 ER PT S AU Palmiotti, G Aliberti, G Salvatores, M Tommasi, J AF Palmiotti, G Aliberti, G Salvatores, M Tommasi, J BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Integral experiments analysis for validation and improvement of minor actinide data for transmutation needs SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB This paper presents the reanalysis of the PROFIL and TRAPU irradiation experiments, performed at the French fast reactor PHENIX, using new detailed information and a sophisticated calculational strategy. The analysis used the cross-section data coming from five different data files: JEF2.2, JEF3.0, ENDF/B-V, ENDF/B-VI, and a preliminary version of ENDF/B-VII. The observed discrepancies between calculations and experiments have been subsequently used for a four energy band preliminary adjustment that has indicated trends for future improvements of minor actinide cross sections. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Palmiotti, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1436 EP 1441 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801081 ER PT S AU Bradley, PA Hayes, AC Rundberg, RS Jungman, G Mihaila, B Solem, JC AF Bradley, PA Hayes, AC Rundberg, RS Jungman, G Mihaila, B Solem, JC BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Exploring the possibilities of radiochemistry on the national ignition facility SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID PHYSICS BASIS; DESIGNS AB In 2010, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is scheduled to achieve ignition. We propose radiochemistry of the fusion bum products as an attractive way to measure the amount of DT fuel that is mixed in with the surrounding ablator material. In addition, radiochemistry offers the possibility of measuring the temperature history of the DT fuel burn, the of the fuel, and the neutron fluence of the 14 MeV, reaction-in-flight ("knock-on"), and low-energy neutrons. We can use prompt beta spectroscopy from the debris products and collection of the debris (for mass spectrometry) to make the radiochemical measurements. Radiochemistry thus offers the opportunity to make unique measurements, as well as provide crosschecks with results from other diagnostics for NIF ignition capsules. We will limit our discussion here to reactions involving 0.9 atom% copper-doped beryllium ablator capsules filled with DT and gold hohlraums. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradley, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1486 EP 1488 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801092 ER PT S AU Salvatores, M Palmiotti, G Aliberti, G Youinou, G AF Salvatores, M Palmiotti, G Aliberti, G Youinou, G BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Innovative nuclear energy systems and related R and D challenges SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID TRANSMUTATION AB Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems can meet the objectives of sustainability and waste minimization, if appropriate concepts and technologies are developed. Relevant R and D challenges are foreseen, in particular in the fuels/ materials field. However, nuclear data needs in selected areas can arise too, and a few examples will be given in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Salvatores, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1533 EP 1538 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801104 ER PT S AU Mokhov, NV Gudima, KK Mashnik, SG Rakhno, IL Sierk, AJ Striganov, SI AF Mokhov, NV Gudima, KK Mashnik, SG Rakhno, IL Sierk, AJ Striganov, SI BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Physics models in the NURS15 code for accelerator and space applications SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The MARS code system, developed over 30 years, is a set of Monte Carlo programs for detailed simulation of hadronic and electromagnetic cascades in an arbitrary geometry of accelerator, detector and spacecraft components with particle energy ranging from a fraction of an electron volt up to 100 TeV. The new MARS 15 (2004) version is described with an emphasis on modeling physics processes. This includes an extended list of elementary particles and arbitrary heavy ions, their interaction cross-sections, inclusive and exclusive nuclear event generators, photohadron production, correlated ionization energy loss and multiple Coulomb scattering, nuclide production and residual activation, and radiation damage (DPA). In particular, the details of a new model for leading baryon production and implementation of advanced versions of the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM03), and the Los Alamos version of Quark-Gluon String Model (LAQGSm03) are given. The applications that are motivating these developments, needs for better nuclear data, and future physics improvements are described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 220, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1618 EP 1623 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801123 ER PT S AU Vermeulen, C Steyn, GF Nortier, FM van der Walt, TN Szelesenyi, F Kovacs, Z Qaim, SM AF Vermeulen, C Steyn, GF Nortier, FM van der Walt, TN Szelesenyi, F Kovacs, Z Qaim, SM BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Excitation functions and production rates of radionuclides produced in the proton bombardment of (nat)Pr and (nat)La SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECT AB Excitation functions and production rates are presented for various radionuclides formed in the bombardment of (nat)Pr and (nat)La with protons. Comparisons are made with theoretical predictions based on the geometry dependent hybrid model. Alternative production routes for (139)Pr and (139)Ce are investigated. C1 iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Isotopes & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Nucl Res, ATOMKI, Cyclotron Dept, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Nukl Chem, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Vermeulen, C (reprint author), iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci, POB 722, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa. EM etienne@tlabs.ac.za; meiring@lanl.gov; s.m.qaim@fz-juelich.de RI Vermeulen, Christiaan/C-5059-2013 OI Vermeulen, Christiaan/0000-0002-6723-8983 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1650 EP 1653 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801131 ER PT S AU Boll, RA Garland, M Mirzadeh, S AF Boll, RA Garland, M Mirzadeh, S BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Reactor production of thorium-229 SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Boll, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Boll, Rose/C-4138-2016 OI Boll, Rose/0000-0003-2507-4834 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1674 EP 1675 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801137 ER PT S AU Myers, WL Goulding, CA Hollas, CL Moss, CE AF Myers, WL Goulding, CA Hollas, CL Moss, CE BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Photon and neutron active interrogation of highly enriched uranium SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The physics of photon and neutron active interrogation of highly enriched uranium (HEU) using the delayed neutron reinterrogation method is described in this paper. Two sets of active interrogation experiments were performed using a set of subcritical configurations of concentric HEU metal hemishells. One set of measurements utilized a pulsed 14-MeV neutron generator as the active source. The second set of measurements utilized a linear accelerator-based bremsstrahlung photon source as an active interrogation source. The neutron responses were measured for both sets of experiments. The operational details and results for both measurement sets are described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp N2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Myers, WL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp N2, POB 1663,MS J562, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1688 EP 1692 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801141 ER PT S AU Smith, DL Micklich, BJ AF Smith, DL Micklich, BJ BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Neutron activation data for neutron interrogation SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB Various schemes have been proposed for neutron interrogation of packages, luggage, or containers with the intent of locating concealed contraband items such as conventional explosives, drugs, or restricted special nuclear materials. Relatively intense and energetic neutron sources are usually required in these applications in order to penetrate the scanned objects and to provide unambiguous characteristic signals that are well above background, thereby minimizing both false positives and negatives. Consequently, neutron irradiation of the materials in tested objects during the interrogation process could lead to the production of significant residual radioactivity. This, in turn, might either limit or prevent the application of these methods in those situations where there is a potential for unacceptable public exposure to the induced secondary radiations. The present study aims to identify those particular neutron-induced reactions that might generate significant activation. This is accomplished by conducting a thorough survey of the current status of the pertinent cross section data available from the major general purpose and special purpose data files for neutron energies up to 15 MeV. This conference paper provides an overview of this ongoing project and discusses the status of some of the more prominent candidate reactions that have been identified to date. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1698 EP 1701 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801143 ER PT S AU Guber, KH Leal, LC Sayer, RO Koehler, PE Valentine, TE Derrien, H Harvey, JA AF Guber, KH Leal, LC Sayer, RO Koehler, PE Valentine, TE Derrien, H Harvey, JA BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI New neutron cross-section measurements at ORELA for improved nuclear data calculations SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr ID CAPTURE AB Many older neutron cross-section evaluations from libraries such as ENDF/B-VI or JENDL-3.2 exhibit deficiencies or do not cover energy ranges that are important for criticality safety applications. These deficiencies may occur in the resolved and unresolved-resonance regions. Consequently, these evaluated data may not be adequate for nuclear criticality calculations where effects such as self-shielding, multiple scattering, or Doppler broadening are important. To support the Nuclear Criticality Predictability Program, neutron cross-section measurements have been initiated at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). ORELA is the only high-power white neutron source with excellent time resolution still operating in the United States. It is ideally suited to measure fission, neutron total, and capture cross sections in the energy range from 1 eV to similar to 600 keV, which is important for many nuclear criticality safety applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guber, KH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Valentine, Timothy/0000-0001-7495-7348; Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1706 EP 1711 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801145 ER PT S AU Westfall, RM McKnight, RD AF Westfall, RM McKnight, RD BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Nuclear data activities in support of the DOE nuclear criticality safety program SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The DOE Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) provides the technical infrastructure maintenance for those technologies applied in the evaluation and performance of safe fissionable-material operations in the DOE complex. These technologies include an Analytical Methods element for neutron transport as well as the development of sensitivity/uncertainty methods, the performance of Critical Experiments, evaluation and qualification of experiments as Benchmarks, and a comprehensive Nuclear Data program coordinated by the NCSP Nuclear Data Advisory Group (NDAG). The NDAG gathers and evaluates differential and integral nuclear data, identifies deficiencies, and recommends priorities on meeting DOE criticality safety needs to the NCSP Criticality Safety Support Group (CSSG). Then the NDAG identifies the required resources and unique capabilities for meeting these needs, not only for performing measurements but also for data evaluation with nuclear model codes as well as for data processing for criticality safety applications. The NDAG coordinates effort with the leadership of the National Nuclear Data Center, the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG), and the Working Party on International Evaluation Cooperation (WPEC) of the OECD/NEA Nuclear Science Committee. The overall objective is to expedite the issuance of new data and methods to the DOE criticality safety user. This paper describes these activities in detail, with examples based upon special studies being performed in support of criticality safety for a variety of DOE operations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Westfall, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1712 EP 1716 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801146 ER PT S AU Briggs, JB AF Briggs, JB BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI ICSBEP benchmarks for nuclear data applications SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) was initiated in 1992 by the United States Department of Energy. The ICSBEP became an official activity of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995. Representatives from the United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan, the Russian Federation, Hungary, Republic of Korea, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro (formerly Yugoslavia), Kazakhstan, Spain, Israel, Brazil, Poland, and the Czech Republic are now participating. South Africa, India, China, and Germany are considering participation. The purpose of the ICSBEP is to identify, evaluate, verify, and formally document a comprehensive and internationally peer-reviewed set of criticality safety benchmark data. The work of the ICSBEP is published as an OECD handbook entitled "International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments." The 2004 Edition of the Handbook contains benchmark specifications for 3331 critical or subcritical configurations that are intended for use in validation efforts and for testing basic nuclear data. New to the 2004 Edition of the Handbook is a draft criticality alarm / shielding type benchmark that should be finalized in 2005 along with two other similar benchmarks. The Handbook is being used extensively for nuclear data testing and is expected to be a valuable resource for code and data validation and improvement efforts for decades to come. Specific benchmarks that are useful for testing structural materials such as iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese; beryllium; lead; thorium; and U-238 are highlighted. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Briggs, JB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 1717 EP 1722 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511801147 ER PT S AU Hench, KW Christensen, W Lopez, AA Martin, C Phillips, TT AF Hench, KW Christensen, W Lopez, AA Martin, C Phillips, TT GP IEEE TI An optimization technique for the evaluation of eddy current inspection data to determine weld quality SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE eddy current inspection; weld quality; parameter optimization AB This paper describes the design, engineering, assembly, testing and implementation of an eddy current inspection system to determine weld quality for a laser welding process. This system performs an in situ circumferential weld depth measurement of nuclear weapons primary components during fabrication. The goal of the inspection is to provide an accurate and repeatable estimate of the weld quality while minimizing contact with the part. Eddy current testing is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method used for interrogating conductive materials for defects and metallurgical characteristics. The technique is commonly used in the construction, aerospace, automotive, chemical processing, and power industries to examine structural components for cracks and voids and to study material properties such as hardness, embrittlement, permeability, and conductivity. This paper presents an analysis technique for the evaluation of eddy current data for the determination of weld quality. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hench, KW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM khench@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 1535 EP 1539 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210801090 ER PT S AU El-Kady, I Taha, MMR AF El-Kady, I Taha, MMR GP IEEE TI Nano photonic sensors for microdamage detection: An exploratory simulation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE nano photonic sensors; photonic bandgap; damage diagnosis ID CRYSTALS AB Nano photonic materials are synthetically manufactured crystals at the nano scale with the target Of creating a microstructure with a special electro-magnetic periodicity. Such nano photonic materials have the ability to control light propagation and thus are capable of creating photonic bandgaps in the frequency domain. We propose using nano photonic crystals as sensors to detect microdamage in composite materials. We demonstrate using a simulation model that a nano photonic sensor attached to a composite bar will experience a significant change in its bandgap profile when damage is induced in the composite bar. The model predicts the frequency response of the nano photonic sensor using the transfer matrix method. A damage metric to evaluate the change in the frequency response is developed. Successful developments of nano photonic sensors will allow damage identification at scales not attainable using current sensing technologies. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Photon Microsyst Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP El-Kady, I (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Photon Microsyst Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ielkady@sandia.gov; mrtaha@unm.edu RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 1961 EP 1966 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210801159 ER PT S AU Aragon, CR AF Aragon, CR GP IEEE TI Using visualization in cockpit decision support systems SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE visualization; decision support; airflow; aviation; rotorcraft; safety AB In order to safely operate their aircraft, pilots must make rapid decisions based on integrating and processing large amounts of heterogeneous information. Visual displays are often the most efficient method of presenting safety-critical data to pilots in real time. However, care must be taken to ensure the pilot is provided with the appropriate amount of information to make effective decisions and not become cognitively overloaded. The results of two usability studies of a prototype airflow hazard visualization cockpit decision support system are summarized. The studies demonstrate that such a system significantly improves the performance of helicopter pilots landing under turbulent conditions. Based on these results, design principles and implications for cocApit decision support systems using visualization are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aragon, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aragon@sims.berkeley.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 2396 EP 2401 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210802066 ER PT S AU Muguira, MR Salton, JR Novick, DK Schwebach, JN Wilson, CW AF Muguira, MR Salton, JR Novick, DK Schwebach, JN Wilson, CW GP IEEE TI Chile identification for metrics in the chile industry SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE shape distribution functions; shape analysis; image analysis; natural shapes; object identification and classification ID REPRESENTATION; ORGANIZATION AB This paper presents a novel approach to identify chile pods in two dimensional images of chile harvests in order to quantitatively evaluate harvesting and cleaning systems. Chilies vary greatly in shape, color, and texture throughout the season and within varieties and thus pose a unique challenge compared to the identification of other more uniform objects. Since chilies do not have distinct point features typically exploited in object recognition algorithms, a normalized shape distribution function was used to describe each object's general shape. 486 harvest object images were collected throughout the season and then placed in categories. Representative shape functions were derived from chilies in a given category and the other chilies, stems, and leaves were compared to each class. Sample shape distributions were found to provide a robust signature to discriminate among chile pods and harvest trash objects. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Muguira, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM muguira@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 3118 EP 3123 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210803021 ER PT J AU Murthy, JY Narumanchi, SVJ Pascual-Gutierrez, JA Wang, TJ Ni, CJ Mathur, SR AF Murthy, JY Narumanchi, SVJ Pascual-Gutierrez, JA Wang, TJ Ni, CJ Mathur, SR TI Review of multiscale simulation in submicron heat transfer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FINITE-VOLUME METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PHONON TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC CRYSTALS; UNSTRUCTURED MESHES; FALSE SCATTERING; LOW-TEMPERATURES; ORDINATES METHOD AB Over the last decade, interest in the simulation of micro- and nanoscale heat transfer has lead to the development of a variety of models and numerical methods for phonon transport in semiconductors and dielectrics. These models span direct simulation using molecular dynamics, a range of models of varying fidelity based on the Boltzmann transport equation, as well as simpler hyperbolic extensions to the classical Fourier heat conduction equation. The paper reviews the basics of phonon transport in crystals, available models for phonon transport, as well as numerical methods for solving the equations resulting from these models. Recommendations are made for future work. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Murthy, JY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 61 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 29 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 5 EP 31 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v3.i1.20 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 015KH UT WOS:000235549800002 ER PT J AU Khaleel, MA Rector, DR Lin, Z Johnson, K Recknagle, K AF Khaleel, MA Rector, DR Lin, Z Johnson, K Recknagle, K TI Multiscale electrochemistry modeling of solid oxide fuel cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; FLOW; POLARIZATION; STACKS AB In this paper, we present two levels of electrochemical modeling for solid oxide fuel cells: cell continuum and microscale electrochemistry. The microscale electrochemistry model simulates the performance of porous electrode materials based on the microstructure of the material, the distribution of reaction surfaces, and the transport of oxygen ions through the material. The overall fuel cell current-voltage relations are obtained using the microscale electrochemistry modeling and form the basic input to the continuum level electrochemistry model. The continuum electrochemistry model calculates the current electrical density, cell voltage, and heat production in fuel cell stacks with H-2 or other fuels, taking into account as inputs local values of the gas partial pressures and temperatures. This approach is based on a parameterized current-voltage (I-V) relation and includes the heat generation from both joule heating and chemical reactions. It also accounts for species production and destruction via mass balance. The continuum electrochemistry model is then coupled with a flow-thermal-mechanical simulation framework for fuel cell stack design and optimizing operating conditions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Khaleel, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM moe.khaleel@pnl.gov RI Lin, Zijing/D-4050-2009 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, STE 601, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v3.i1.30 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 015KH UT WOS:000235549800003 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Shen, LM Gan, Y Fang, HE AF Chen, Z Shen, LM Gan, Y Fang, HE TI Hypersurface for the combined loading rate and specimen size effects on material properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-GRADIENT PLASTICITY; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; THIN-FILMS; TRANSITION; STRESS; METALS; SCALE; MODEL AB The recent interest in developing multiscale model-based simulation procedures have brought about the challenging tasks of bridging different spatial and temporal scales within a unified framework. However, the research focus has been on the scale effect in the spatial domain with the loading rate being assumed to be quasi static. Although material properties are rate dependent in nature, little has been done in understanding combined loading-rate and specimen-size effects on the material properties at different scales. In addition, the length and time scales that can be probed by the molecular-level simulations are still fairly limited due to the limitation of computational capability. Based on the experimental and computational capabilities available, therefore, an attempt is made in this paper to formulate a hypersurface in both the spatial and temporal domains to predict combined size and rate effects on the mechanical properties of engineering materials. To demonstrate the features of the proposed hypersurface, tungsten specimens of various sizes tinder various loading rates are considered, with a focus on the uniaxial loading path. The mechanical responses of tungsten specimens tinder other loading paths are also explored to better understand the size effect. It appears from the preliminary results that the proposed procedure might provide an effective means to bridge different spatial and temporal scales in a unified multiscale modeling framework, and facilitate the application Of nanoscale research results to engineering practice. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat & Mol Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ChenZh@missouri.edu RI Shen, Luming/A-3247-2008; Shen, Luming/D-1581-2010 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1543-1649 EI 1940-4352 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 4 BP 451 EP 461 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 030AP UT WOS:000236605800004 ER PT J AU Clem, PG Dawley, JT Siegal, MP Overmyer, DL Richardson, JJ Voigt, JA Holesinger, TA AF Clem, PG Dawley, JT Siegal, MP Overmyer, DL Richardson, JJ Voigt, JA Holesinger, TA TI Epitaxial solution deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-delta-coated conductors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; METAL-ORGANIC DECOMPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTING THIN-FILMS; DIPPING-PYROLYSIS PROCESS; BA-CU-O; COATED CONDUCTORS; CURRENT-DENSITY; METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; TRIFLUOROACETATE PRECURSORS; YBA2CU3O7-Y FILMS AB A variety of solution deposition routes have been reported for processing complex perovskite-based materials such as ferroelectric oxides and conductive electrode oxides, due to ease of incorporating multiple elements, control of chemical stoichiometry, and feasibility for large area deposition. Here, we report an extension of these methods toward long length, epitaxial film solution deposition routes to enable biaxially oriented YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO)-coated conductors for superconducting transmission wires. Recent results are presented detailing an all-solution deposition approach to YBCO-coated conductors with critical current densities J(c) (77 K) > 1 MA/cm(2) on rolling-assisted, biaxially textured, (200)-oriented Ni-W alloy tapes. Solution-deposition methods such as this approach and those of other research groups appear to have promise to compete with vapor phase methods for Superconductor electrical properties, with potential advantages for large area deposition and low cost/kA (.) m of wire. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87555 USA. RP Clem, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pgclem@sandia.gov RI Richardson, Jacob/B-7535-2009 OI Richardson, Jacob/0000-0003-2733-9736 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PT UT WOS:000228240700003 ER PT J AU Maria, JP Shepard, JF Trolier-McKinstry, S Watkins, TR Payzant, AE AF Maria, JP Shepard, JF Trolier-McKinstry, S Watkins, TR Payzant, AE TI Characterization of the piezoelectric properties of Pb0.98Ba0.02(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 epitaxial thin films SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONATE-TITANATE FILMS; MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; INTEGRATION; DEPOSITION; MEMS AB Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) (70/30) thin filins were deposited by Pulsed laser deposition using two growth strategies: adsorption controlled deposition from lead-rich targets (similar to 25-30mass%) and lower-temperature deposition (T-d <= 600 degrees C) from targets containing a small amount of excess lead oxide (<= 3 mass %). The substrates used were (001) SrRuO3/LaAlO3. Typical remanent polarization values ranged between 12 and 14 mu C/cm(2) for these films. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d(33,f)) was measured using in situ four-circle X-ray diffraction, and the transverse coefficient (d(31),(f) or e(31,f))was measured using the wafer flexure method. d(33,f) and e(31,f) coefficients of similar to 300-350 pm/V and similar to -11 C/m(2) were calculated, respectively. In general, the piezoelectric coefficients and aging rates were strongly asymmetric, suggesting the presence of a polarization bias. The large, extremely stable piezoelectric response that results from poling parallel to the preferred polarization direction is attractive for miniaturized sensors and actuators. C1 Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maria, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM STMcKinstry@psu.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016; OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PT UT WOS:000228240700006 ER PT J AU Cesarano, J Dellinger, JG Saavedra, MP Gill, DD Jamison, RD Grosser, BA Sinn-Hanlon, JM Goldwasser, MS AF Cesarano, J Dellinger, JG Saavedra, MP Gill, DD Jamison, RD Grosser, BA Sinn-Hanlon, JM Goldwasser, MS TI Customization of load-bearingy hydroxyapatite lattice scaffolds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Compostive CY JAN 12, 2004 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Grad Res Fellowship, Sandia Natl Lab ID BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CERAMICS; DIFFERENT POROUS CERAMICS; BMP-INDUCED OSTEOGENESIS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY; TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; CELL-SUBSTRATUM; PORE-SIZE; INGROWTH AB Robocasting, a solid freeform fabrication technique, was used to develop lattices of hydroxyapatite (HA) that show promise as load-bearing scaffolds for bone repair. Additionally, the lattice scaffolds can be shaped into customized implants. A computed tomography (CT) scan of a damaged mandible was utilized to tioninvasively design a lattice implant that could fill the damaged region. In a case study, the fit of the custom lattice scaffold was tested in a damaged mandible and "fit like a glove." Such implants may be able to replace numerous autograft procedures. thereby reducing surgical cost and complications associated with bone harvesting surgery. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carle Clin Assoc, Urbana, IL USA. RP Cesarano, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gcesara@sandia.gov NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02026.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 934MU UT WOS:000229713700004 ER PT J AU Singh, D Lorenzo-Martin, MDC Routbort, JL Gutierrez-Mora, F Case, ED AF Singh, D Lorenzo-Martin, MDC Routbort, JL Gutierrez-Mora, F Case, ED TI Plastic deformation of hydroxyapatites and its application to joining SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS; CREEP; DIFFUSION; SUPERPLASTICITY; MULLITE AB A plastic deformation process was demonstrated to self-join hydroxyapatite (HA), fabricating pore-free joints at 1275 degrees C at a strain rate of 10(-5) s(-1). To determine optimum joining conditions, high-temperature compressive deformation of HA was investigated for strain rates between 5 x 10(-6) and 10(-4) s at temperatures 1175-1275 degrees C. X-ray diffraction revealed primarily the HA phase with the presence of tri- and tetra-calcium phosphate phases. Steady-state flow stresses were 0.6-45 MPa and increased with increasing strain rates. Stress exponents of; I indicated a viscous diffusion-controlled deformation mechanism with an activation energy of approximate to 354 +/- 36 kJ/mol. Absence of cavitation and grain shape changes was consistent with grain boundary sliding. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Seville 41080, Spain. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Singh, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dsingh@anl.gov RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02024.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 934MU UT WOS:000229713700006 ER PT J AU Williams, MC Strakey, JP Surdoval, WA AF Williams, MC Strakey, JP Surdoval, WA TI US Department of Energy's solid oxide fuel cells: Technical advances SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy's (FE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), in partnership with private industries, is leading the development and demonstration of high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and fuel cell turbine hybrid power generation systems for distributed generation (DG) markets. The DOE FE DG program has three aspects: the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA), Central Power Systems, and the High Temperature Electrochemistry Center (HiTEC). NETL is partnering with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in developing new directions in research under SECA for the development and commercialization of modular, low-cost, and fuel-flexible SOFC systems. The SECA initiative, through advanced materials, processing, and system integration research and development (R&D) will bring the fuel cell cost to $400 per kilowatt (kW) by 2010 for stationary and auxiliary power unit markets. The SECA program is currently structured to include six competing industry teams supported by a crosscutting core technology program. DOE is ultimately concerned with coal-based central power plants. Advanced aspects of solid oxide technology are part of HiTEC R&D. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Williams, MC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM MARK.WILLIAMS@netl.doe.gov NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02031.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 956LX UT WOS:000231302400004 ER PT J AU Liu, DJ Krumpelt, M AF Liu, DJ Krumpelt, M TI Activity and structure of perovskites as diesel-reforming catalysts for solid oxide fuel cell SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Recent progress in developing perovskite materials as more cost-effective catalysts in autothermal reforming (ATR) of diesel fuel to hydrogen-rich reformate for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) application is reported. Perovskite-type metal oxides with B sites partially exchanged by ruthenium were prepared and evaluated under ATR reaction conditions. The hydrogen yield, reforming efficiency, and CO. selectivity of these catalysts were investigated using diesel surrogate fuel with 50 ppm sulfur. The catalyst performances have approached or exceeded a benchmark, high-cost rhodium-based material. In parallel with the reactivity study, we also investigated the physical properties of B-site doped perovskites; and their impact on the reforming performance using various characterization techniques such as BET, X-ray powder diffraction, temperature programmable reduction, scanning electron microscopy, and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We found that ruthenium is highly dispersed into perovskite lattice and its redox behavior is directly associated with reforming activity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM liud@cmt.anl.gov NR 3 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02032.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 956LX UT WOS:000231302400005 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA Patel, KD Ho, CK Rohde, SB Nordquist, CD Walker, CA Wroblewski, BD Okandan, M AF Peterson, KA Patel, KD Ho, CK Rohde, SB Nordquist, CD Walker, CA Wroblewski, BD Okandan, M TI Novel microsystem applications with new techniques in low-temperature co-fired ceramics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THICK-FILM RESISTORS; TECHNOLOGY; SENSORS; SYSTEMS; DEPOSITION; CHANNELS AB Low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) enables development and testing of critical elements on microsystem boards as well as nonmicroelectronic meso-scale applications. We describe silicon-based microelectromechanical systems packaging and LTCC meso-scale applications. Microfluidic interposers permit rapid testing of varied silicon designs. The application of LTCC to micro-high-performance liquid chromatography (mu-HPLC) demonstrates performance advantages at very high pressures. At intermediate pressures, a ceramic thermal cell lyser has lysed bacteria spores without damaging the proteins. The stability and sensitivity of LTCC/chemiresistor smart channels are comparable to the performance of silicon-based chemiresistors. A variant of the use of sacrificial volume materials has created channels, suspended thick films, cavities, and techniques for pressure and flow sensing. We report on inductors, diaphragms, cantilevers, antennae, switch structures, and thermal sensors suspended in air. The development of "functional-as-released" moving parts has resulted in wheels, impellers, tethered plates, and related new LTCC mechanical roles for actuation and sensing. High-temperature metal-to-LTCC joining has been developed with metal thin films for the strong, hermetic interfaces necessary for pins, leads, and tubes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM peterska@sandia.gov RI Patel, Kamlesh/A-9728-2009 NR 55 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 5 BP 345 EP 363 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02039.x PG 19 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 978QM UT WOS:000232888100001 ER PT J AU Narula, CK Daw, CS Hoard, JW Hammer, T AF Narula, CK Daw, CS Hoard, JW Hammer, T TI Materials issues related to catalysts for treatment of diesel exhaust SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE REDUCTION; LEAN NOX TRAPS; NH3; MODEL; ADSORPTION; CONVERSION; OXIDATION; DISCHARGE; V2O5/TIO2; PT/AL2O3 AB The driver for lean NO, treatment is the need to meet regulatory standards for diesel engines and gasoline direct injection spark-ignited engines that offer better fuel economy. Efforts over the last decade have been focused toward finding an active lean NO, catalyst that can reduce NO, under oxidizing conditions or strategies such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR), plasma-catalysis, plasma catalyst SCR, and lean NO, traps with varying degrees of success. At present, it appears that SCR with urea and lean NO, traps are the leading contender technologies for commercial deployment. Key issues that remain to be resolved for these two technologies include byproduct formation, dosing control, and durability. In this review, we summarize material-related issues that are unique to each of these technologies, and point out the improvements necessary to facilitate their deployment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, M&C Div, Funct Mat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dept Chem Engn, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Siemens AG, Corp Technol Dept Electromagnet Syst & Plasma Tec, Erlangen, Germany. RP Narula, CK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, M&C Div, Funct Mat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM narulack@ornl.gov NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 6 BP 452 EP 466 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02046.x PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 992FI UT WOS:000233869400003 ER PT J AU Vinogradov, AM Schumacher, SC Rassi, EM AF Vinogradov, AM Schumacher, SC Rassi, EM TI Dynamic response of the piezoelectric polymer PVDF SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Technical Meeting of the Society-of-Engineering-Science CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Univ Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE SP Soc Engn Sci HO Univ Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept Engn Mech ID POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE FILMS; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; ACTUATORS; SENSORS; FATIGUE AB The paper concerns the dynamic response of polyvinylidene fluoride ( PVDF), a commercially available piezoelectric polymer currently used in numerous applications. The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents a summary review of recent experimental results regarding the time-dependent behavior of PVDF tested under combined static and cyclic loading conditions. It has been observed that the polymer has demonstrated accelerated creep rates due to cyclic loading effects. Cyclic creep acceleration in PVDF has been significant even in the range of stresses well below the viscoelastic linearity limit. This phenomenon, defined as "vibrocreep", appears to be essentially nonlinear, since the material response under combined static and cyclic loads did not represent a simple superposition of the responses to static and fully reversed cyclic loads applied separately. The second part of the paper provides a formulation of a nonlinear constitutive model, which describes the synergistic interaction between creep and cyclic damage evolution. The proposed constitutive model combines the concepts of linear hereditary viscoelasticity with damage characterization through a cyclic damage function. The latter is formulated using the basic principles of continuum damage mechanics. The potentials and limitations of the proposed constitutive model are discussed, and experimental results providing model validation are presented. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vinogradov, AM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 220 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM vinograd@me.montana.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5416 J9 INT J APPL ELECTROM JI Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 51 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA 981MM UT WOS:000233092700005 ER PT J AU Jacobi, MN Rasmussen, S Tunstrom, K AF Jacobi, Martin Nilsson Rasmussen, Steen Tunstrom, Kolbjorn TI Modelling the dynamics of a minimal protocell container SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Modelling self-assembly; protocells; micelle size distribution AB This paper is a discussion on how reaction kinetics and three-dimensional (3D) lattice simulations can be used to elucidate the dynamical properties of micelles as a possible minimal protocell container. We start with a general discussion on the role of molecular self-assembly in prebiotic and contemporary biological systems. A simple reaction kinetic model of a micellation process of amphiphilic molecules in water is then presented and solved analytically. Amphiphilic molecules are polymers with hydrophobic (water-fearing), e. g. hydrocarbon tail groups, and hydrophilic (water-loving) head groups, e. g. fatty acids. By making a few simplifying assumptions an analytical expression for the size distribution of the resulting micelles can be derived. The main part of the paper presents and discusses a lattice gas technique for a more detailed 3D simulation of molecular self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers in aqueous environments. Water molecules, hydrocarbon tail groups and hydrophilic head groups are explicitly represented on a three-dimensional discrete lattice. Molecules move on the lattice proportional to their continuous momentum. Collision rules preserve momentum and kinetic energy. Potential energy from molecular interactions are also included explicitly. The non-trivial thermodynamics of large-scale and long-time dynamics are studied. In this paper we specifically demonstrate how, from a random initial distribution, micelles are formed and grow until they destabilize and can divide. Eventually a steady state of growing and dividing micelles is formed. Towards the end of the paper we discuss the relevance of the presented results to the design of a minimal artificial protocell. Received 2 March 2005, accepted 30 April 2005 C1 [Jacobi, Martin Nilsson; Tunstrom, Kolbjorn] Chalmers, Complex Syst Grp, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Rasmussen, Steen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rasmussen, Steen] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Rasmussen, Steen] Univ Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Jacobi, MN (reprint author), Chalmers, Complex Syst Grp, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM mjacobi@chalmers.se FU PACE; EU; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The Programmable Artificial Cell Evolution (PACE) and the Protocell Assembly (PAs) projects, utilize the presented reaction kinetic and MDLG methods to assess the many physico-chemical protocell container issues. The authors would like to acknowledge that this work was funded (in part) by PACE, a European Integrated Project in the EU FP6-IST-FET Complex Systems Initiative and by the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD-DR PAs project. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1017/S1473550405002478 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA V28BI UT WOS:000208655900011 ER PT J AU Zhu, JD Cockcroft, SL Maijer, DM Ding, R AF Zhu, JD Cockcroft, SL Maijer, DM Ding, R TI Simulation of microporosity in A356 aluminium alloy castings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CAST METALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Modeling of Casting and Solidification Process (MCSP6) CY AUG 08-11, 2004 CL Kaohsiung, TAIWAN DE microporosity; aluminium alloy casting; modelling; Darcy flow; hydrogen ID SOLIDIFICATION AB A numerical model for predicting microporosity formation in aluminium castings has been developed, in which the redistribution of hydrogen between solid and liquid phases, and Darcy How in the mushy zone were taken into account. For simulating the nucleation and growth of hydrogen pores, the pore radius is assumed to be a function of the secondary dendrite arm spacing, whereas the pore growth assumes equilibrium hydrogen activity between pore, liquid and solid. One of the key features of the model is that it uses a two-stage approach to porosity prediction. In the first stage, the volume fraction of porosity is calculated based on the reduced pressure, whereas, in the second stage, at fractions solid greater than grain coalescence f(SC), an increment in the fraction porosity is calculated based on the volume of liquid trapped within a continuous solid network, which is estimated using a correlation based on the Niyama criterion. The model has been implemented within the commercial software package, ABAQUS, which has been used as a platform to solve the thermal field. The numerical model has been applied to a simple cylinder-shaped test casting, and the simulated results have been evaluated by comparing with the experimental results. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Mat Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhu, JD (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Mat Engn, 309-6350 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM jindong@cmpe.ubc.ca NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1364-0461 J9 INT J CAST METAL RES JI Int. J. Cast. Metals Res. PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1179/136404605225022856 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 952FQ UT WOS:000230989800007 ER PT J AU Pope, WL AF Pope, William L. TI A necessary condition for optimum Rankine cycle power plants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERGY LA English DT Article DE exergy gradient; necessary condition; optimum; thermodynamic objective; turbine inlet AB Consumers pay more for electricity than necessary partly because commercial power plant operating criteria are not universally valid. Although such plants are commonly designed to provide electricity at least cost for given conditions, operating criteria lack a rigorous thermodynamic basis. The current empiricism alone costs US consumers billions of dollars per year. This dilemma exists because the required correspondence between an economically optimised plant and the identical plant operating at the most favourable thermodynamic conditions has not been previously identified. A new necessary condition for economically optimised Rankine cycle power plants is described. Formal simulations of three different power plants demonstrate exact correspondence between economically optimised designs and their thermodynamically optimised counterparts using a new objective from nearly century old thermodynamics. These are very important but controversial results, which will find broad application. C1 [Pope, William L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Alameda, CA USA. RP Pope, WL (reprint author), 558 Lakewood Circle, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM wcwlpope@astound.net NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1742-8297 J9 INT J EXERGY JI Int. J. Exergy PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 318 EP 333 DI 10.1504/IJEX.2005.007258 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA V26LO UT WOS:000208547300007 ER PT J AU Rico, F Alcaraz, J Fredberg, JJ Navajas, D AF Rico, Felix Alcaraz, Jordi Fredberg, Jeffrey J. Navajas, Daniel TI Nanomechanics of lung epithelial cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanobiotechnology; atomic force microscopy; magnetic tweezers; magnetic twisting cytometry; cell mechanics; cell rheology; cell viscoelasticity; soft glassy theology ID ATOMIC-FORCE-MICROSCOPY; SOFT GLASSY MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MICRORHEOLOGY; NETWORKS; INDENTATION; FIBROBLASTS; MONOLAYERS AB Nanobiotechnology provides powerful tools for manipulating cells with nanometric resolution and with simultaneous measurement of force with pN resolution. We review the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and magnetic tweezers for probing cell nanomechanics. AFM measures the mechanical properties of the cell by indenting its surface by means of a flexible cantilever with a sharp tip at its end. Magnetic tweezers probe cell mechanics by twisting or pulling a magnetic microbead bound to the cell surface. The stress-strain relationship allows us to compute the complex shear modulus of the cell. Lung epithelial cells probed with AFM and magnetic tweezers exhibit a power-law dynamics with a weak exponent. This dynamics conforms to the rheology of soft glassy materials, suggesting that cytoskeleton internal disorder and matrix agitation could govern the mechanical behaviour of the cell. C1 Univ Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Sch Med, Fac Med,Unitat Biofis & Bioengn, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Navajas, D (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Sch Med, Fac Med,Unitat Biofis & Bioengn, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. EM frico@ub.edu; jaicaraz@lbl.gov; jfredber@hsph.harvard.edu; dnavajas@ub.edu RI Rico, Felix/K-6505-2012; Alcaraz, Jordi/F-5513-2016; Navajas, Daniel/E-4233-2010 OI Rico, Felix/0000-0002-7757-8340; Alcaraz, Jordi/0000-0001-7898-1599; Navajas, Daniel/0000-0001-7150-9363 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 194 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 074FF UT WOS:000239797400013 ER PT J AU Maiti, A Wescott, J Goldbeck-Wood, G AF Maiti, Amitesh Wescott, James Goldbeck-Wood, Gerhard TI Mesoscale modelling: recent developments and applications to nanocomposites, drug delivery and precipitation membranes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE molecular modelling; mesoscale modelling; DPD; MesoDyn; nanocomposites; nanotubes; diffusion; membranes; solvent-exchange ID DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER MELTS; POLYMER MELTS; MESOSCOPIC SIMULATION; COAGULATION; SURFACTANTS; NANOTUBES; MECHANICS; DIFFUSION; FIELD AB Mesoscale simulations have traditionally been used to investigate structural morphology of polymers in solution, melts and blends. Recently, such modelling methods are being pushed to important areas of Nanotechnology and Drug delivery that are well out of reach of classical molecular dynamics. This paper describes our current efforts in three important emerging areas: polymer-nanotube composites drug diffusivity through cell membranes solvent-exchange in nanoporous membranes. Enhancements to existing codes, and future directions of research are indicated as well. C1 Accelrys Inc, Cambridge CB4 0WN, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Goldbeck-Wood, G (reprint author), Accelrys Inc, 334 Cambridge Sci Pk, Cambridge CB4 0WN, England. EM maiti2@llnl.gov; jwescott@accelrys.com; gerhard@accelrys.com OI Goldbeck, Gerhard/0000-0002-4181-2852 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 198 EP 214 DI 10.1504/IJNT.2005.008059 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 074FI UT WOS:000239797700002 ER PT J AU Kasili, PM Vo-Dinh, T AF Kasili, Paul M. Vo-Dinh, Tuan TI Liposome encapsulated gold nanoshells for NanoPhototherapy induced hyperthermia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gold nanoshells; liposomes; NanoPhototherapy; hyperthermia ID WHOLE-BODY HYPERTHERMIA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; APOPTOSIS; SARCOMA; SIZE AB Gold nanoshells have been extensively studied since their invention and their role in both in vitro and in vivo photothermal therapy has been explored and demonstrated. In this work, we investigate liposomal delivery of gold nanoshells and evaluate their effects for in vitro NanoPhototherapy induced hyperthermia in human mammary carcinoma cells. In addition, we compare the application of liposome encapsulated gold nanoshells and free standing gold nanoshells in NanoPhototherapy. NanoPhotoTherapy induced hyperthermia was performed using a 785 nm near-infrared light from a diode laser and the in vitro effects were evaluated using nucleic acid molecular probes by fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, we monitored apoptosis by detecting capase-9 activity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 20 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1504/IJNT.2005.008076 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 074FK UT WOS:000239797900005 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX TI Numerical solution to the shearing flow of granular materials between two plates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE granular materials; shear flow; continuum-kinetic approach; constitutive relation ID MECHANICS; DILATANCY AB We study the shearing flow of granular materials between two horizontal flat plates where the top plate is moving with a constant speed. The constitutive relation used for the stress is based on the continuum model proposed by Rajagopal and Massouch (DOE Report, DOE/PETC/TR-90/3, 1990). The material coefficients such as viscosity and normal stress coefficients are based on the model of Boyle and Massoudi (Int. J. Eng. Sci 28 (1990) 1261). The governing equations are non-dimensionalized and the resulting system of non-linear differential equations is solved numerically using finite difference technique. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2004.05.012 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 861XX UT WOS:000224453000001 ER PT J AU Krauter, P Daily, B Dibley, V Pinkart, H Legler, T AF Krauter, P Daily, B Dibley, V Pinkart, H Legler, T TI Perchlorate and nitrate remediation efficiency and microbial diversity in a containerized wetland bioreactor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE perchlorate removal; nitrate removal; groundwater remediation ID GROUND-WATER; REDUCTION; CHLORATE; BACTERIA; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; CHLORIDE; REMOVAL AB We have developed a method to remove perchlorate (14-27 mu g/L) and nitrate (48 mg/L) from contaminated groundwater using a wetland bioreactor. The bioreactor has operated continuously in a remote field location for more than 2 yr with a stable ecosystem of indigenous organisms. This study assesses the bioreactor for long-term perchlorate and nitrate remediation by evaluating influent and effluent groundwater for oxidation-reduction conditions and nitrate and perchlorate concentrations. Total community DNA was extracted and purified from 10-g sediment samples retrieved from vertical coring of the bioreactor during winter. Analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of short, 16S rDNA, polymerase-chain-reaction products was used to identify dominant microorganisms. Bacteria genera identified were closely afflliated with bacteria widely distributed in soils, mud layers, and fresh water. Of the 17 dominant bands sequenced, most were gram negative and capable of aerobic or anaerobic respiration with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Halomonas, and Nitrospira). Several identified genera (Rhizobium, Acinetobactor, and Xanthomonas) are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a combined form (ammonia) usable by host plants. Isolates were identifted from the Proteobacteria class, known for the ability to reduce perchlorate. Initial bacterial assessments of sediments confirm the prevalence of facultative anaerobic bacteria capable of reducing perchlorate and nitrate in situ. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Ellensburg, WA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Krauter, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM krauter2@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1080/16226510590950414 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944XS UT WOS:000230465000003 PM 16128443 ER PT J AU Buchheit, TE Wellman, GW Battaile, CC AF Buchheit, TE Wellman, GW Battaile, CC TI Investigating the limits of polycrystal plasticity modeling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE microstructure; crystal plasticity; polycrystalline material; finite elements ID CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; FCC POLYCRYSTALS; ORIENTATION GRADIENTS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; GRAIN SUBDIVISION; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM; STRAIN; MISORIENTATIONS AB A material model which describes the rate-dependent crystallographic slip of FCC metals has been implemented into a quasistatic, large deformation, nonlinear finite element code developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The resultant microstructure based elastic-plastic deformation model has successfully performed simulations of realistic looking 3-D polycrystalline microstructures generated using a Potts-model approach. These simulations have been as large as 50,000 elements composed of 200 randomly oriented grains. This type of model tracks grain orientation and predicts the evolution of sub-grains on an element by element basis during deformation of a polycrystal. Simulations using this model generate a large body of informative results, but they have shortcomings. This paper attempts to examine detailed results provided by large scale highly resolved polycrystal plasticity modeling through a series of analyses. The analyses are designed to isolate issues such as rate of texture evolution, the effect of mesh refinement and comparison with experimental data. Specific model limitations can be identified with lack of a characteristic length scale and oversimplified grain boundaries within the modeling framework. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1851, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Buchheit, TE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1851, POB 5800,MS 0889, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tebuchh@sandia.gov NR 49 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 221 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.10.009 PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 864WN UT WOS:000224663800002 ER PT J AU Wen, J Huang, Y Hwang, KC Liu, C Li, M AF Wen, J Huang, Y Hwang, KC Liu, C Li, M TI The modified Gurson model accounting for the void size effect SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE void size effect; Gurson model; Taylor dislocation model; spherical microvoid; yield condition ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; FINITE DEFORMATION-THEORY; NONLOCAL PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MICROBEND TEST; LENGTH SCALE; GROWTH; INDENTATION; FRACTURE; HARDNESS AB The Gurson model [J. Engrg. Mater. Technol. 99 (1977) 2] has been widely used to study the deformation and failure of metallic materials containing microvoids. The void volume fraction is the only parameter representing voids since the void size does not come into play in the Gurson model. Based on the Taylor dislocation model [Proc. R. Soc. (Lond.) A145 (1934) 362-1 J. Int. Metals 62 (1938) 307], we extend the Gurson model to account for the void size effect. It is shown that the yield surfaces for micron- and submicron-sized voids are significantly larger than that given by the Gurson model. For a voided, dilating material subject to uniaxial tension, the void size has essentially no effect on the stress-strain curve at small initial void volume fraction. However, as the initial void volume fraction increases, the void size effect may become significant. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM huang9@uiuc.edu RI HWANG, Keh-Chih/A-9989-2014; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 47 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.01.004 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 864WN UT WOS:000224663800007 ER PT J AU Van Houtte, P Li, SY Seefeldt, M Delannay, L AF Van Houtte, P Li, SY Seefeldt, M Delannay, L TI Deformation texture prediction: from the Taylor model to the advanced Lamel model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE deformation texture; microstructures; crystal plasticity; polycrystalline material; finite elements ID WORK-HARDENING/SOFTENING BEHAVIOR; CHANGING STRAIN PATHS; BCC POLYCRYSTALS; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; DISLOCATION SHEETS; IF STEEL; EVOLUTION; METALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS AB The paper reports on a recent effort to develop a statistical (or Monte-Carlo) model for quantitative deformation texture prediction which is yet fast enough for implementation in every Gauss point of an FE simulation of a metal-forming process. The principles of Taylor-type models for the prediction of deformation textures of polycrystalline materials are reminded. This includes the full-constraints Taylor theory (every grain of a polycrystal undergoes the same plastic deformation), classical Relaxed Constraints Taylor theory (one or two of the components of the local velocity gradient tensor need not be the same for all grains) and multi-grain models (LAMEL model; mentioning of GIA model). The primal-dual structure of the equations relating strain rates with slip rates, and those relating stresses and resolved shear stresses on slip systems, is made clear. It is then possible to describe the basic philosophy and the mathematical implementation of a new model, called "advanced Lamel model" (ALAMEL). This model is more generally applicable than the previously developed LAMEL model, which is only valid for rolling. Both take interactions between neighbouring grains into account. Finally, quantitative comparisons are given between experimentally observed rolling textures and the predictions of the new model, as well as of other models: full-constraints and relaxed constraints Taylor, LAMEL, GIA, visco-plastic self-consistent and crystal plasticity finite element (CPFEM) models. This was done for IF steel (one thickness reduction) and for two aluminium alloys: AA1200 (five thickness reductions) and AA5182 (one thickness reduction). It was found that for AA1200, the new model is on average the best; for the two other cases, it is among the best models, but the LAMEL or CPFEM models are better. These results suggest that in spite of all simplifications, the ALAMEL model captures (and identifies) the domination mechanisms controlling the development of deformation textures in cubic metals. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept MTM, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, CESAME, MEMA, BE-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept MTM, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM paul.vanhoutte@mtm.kuleuven.ac.be RI Li, Saiyi/J-3968-2012 NR 36 TC 229 Z9 237 U1 7 U2 85 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 589 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.04.011 PG 36 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 869QN UT WOS:000224999200007 ER PT J AU Cheong, KS Busso, EP Arsenlis, A AF Cheong, KS Busso, EP Arsenlis, A TI A study of microstructural length scale effects on the behaviour of FCC polycrystals using strain gradient concepts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE crystal plasticity; dislocations; constitutive behaviour; polycrystalline material ID GRAIN-SIZE; FLOW-STRESS; PLASTICITY; DEFORMATION; DISLOCATIONS; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINUM; TENSILE; SINGLE AB Grain size is a critically important aspect of polycrystalline materials and experimental observations on Cu and Al polycrystals have shown that a Hall-Petch-type phenomenon does exist at the onset of plastic deformation. In this work, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of microstructural and deformation-related length scales on the behaviour of such FCC polycrystals. It relies on a recently proposed non-local dislocation-mechanics based crystallographic theory to describe the evolution of dislocation mean spacings within each grain, and on finite element techniques to incorporate explicitly grain interaction effects. Polycrystals are modeled as representative volume elements (RVEs) containing up to 64 randomly oriented grains. Predictions obtained from RVEs of Cu polycrystals with different grain sizes are shown to be consistent with experimental data. Furthermore, mesh sensitivity studies revealed that, when there is a predominance of geometrically necessary dislocations relative to statistically stored dislocations, the polycrystal response becomes increasingly mesh sensitive. This was found to occur especially during the early stages of deformation in polycrystals with small grains. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2BX, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 9455 USA. RP Busso, EP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2BX, England. EM k.cheong@matperf.com; e.busso@ic.ac.uk; arsenlis@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2005 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1797 EP 1814 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.11.001 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 936PE UT WOS:000229867100006 ER PT J AU Tan, H Huang, Y Liu, C Geubelle, PH AF Tan, H Huang, Y Liu, C Geubelle, PH TI The Mori-Tanaka method for composite materials with nonlinear interface debonding SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE interfacial debonding; nonlinear behavior; size effects; micromechanics; particulate reinforced material ID SELF-CONSISTENT MECHANICS; MULTILEVEL COMPUTATIONAL MODEL; POLYMER BONDED EXPLOSIVES; EFFECTIVE ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; BIOPOLYMER GEL COMPOSITES; STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES AB We have used the Mori-Tanaka method to study the effect of nonlinear interface debonding on the constitutive behavior of composite material with high particle volume fraction. The interface debonding is characterized by a nonlinear cohesive law determined from the fracture test of the high explosive PBX 9501. Using the example of the composite material with spherical particles subject to hydrostatic tension, we show that the particle size has an important effect on the behavior of the composite material, namely hardening for small particles and softening for large particles. The critical particle size that separates the hardening and softening behavior of the composite material is determined. For the composite material with large particles, the particle/matrix interface may undergo catastrophic debonding, i.e., sudden, dynamic debonding even under static load. The energy release during catastrophic debonding can be very large, thus may trigger the reaction or detonation of high explosives. For the high explosive PBX 9501, the energy release due to catastrophic debonding of coarse (large) particles is equivalent to the free drop of the high explosive from a height of 110 m. This value become much higher, 455 m, once the debonding of fine (small) particle is accounted for. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tan, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM htan@uiuc.edu RI Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 100 TC 69 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2005 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1890 EP 1918 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.10.001 PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 953TQ UT WOS:000231103800002 ER PT J AU Liu, B Huang, Y Li, M Hwang, KC Liu, C AF Liu, B Huang, Y Li, M Hwang, KC Liu, C TI A study of the void size effect based on the Taylor dislocation model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Heterogeneous Material Mechanics (ICHMM) CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Chongqing Univ, Chongqing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Chongqing Univ DE voids; size effect; void growth rate; strain gradient plasticity; Taylor dislocation model ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; CRACK-TIP FIELD; CAVITATION INSTABILITIES; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; INDENTATION; GROWTH; HARDNESS; LAYER; SCALE AB We have studied the void size effect on void growth in a perfectly plastic solid based on the Taylor dislocation model, and have found that the void growth rate decreases with the void size. Our study also shows that the shape-changing part of the velocity field, which has been neglected in most void growth models, contributes as much as 40% to the void growth rate at low and intermediate mean stress level. The void size effect comes into play via the ratio epsilon l/R-o where epsilon is the effective strain imposed on the solid, l is an intrinsic material length on the order of microns, and Ro is the void radius. The shape-changing part of the velocity field displays two opposite effects. On one hand it tends to increase the void growth rate as already shown in classical plasticity. On the other hand it tends to increase the flow stress and therefore decreases the void growth rate. For a large ratio epsilon l/R-o = 1 which corresponds to a sub-micron void (ll R-0 = 10) at a large strain epsilon = 0.1, the latter becomes dominant and the void growth rate is even less than that without accounting for the shape-changing part of the velocity field. It is also found that the void growth rate scales with the square of mean stress at large epsilon l/R-o, rather than the exponential dependence in most void growth models. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ALCOA, Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM huang9@uiuc.edu RI Liu, Bin/B-4768-2008; HWANG, Keh-Chih/A-9989-2014; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 50 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2107 EP 2122 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.03.016 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 953TR UT WOS:000231103900005 ER PT J AU Shehadeh, MA Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD AF Shehadeh, MA Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD TI Multiscale dislocation dynamics simulations of shock compression in copper single crystal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE dislocation dynamics; shock waves; high strain rate; multiscale modeling; crystal anisotropy; microbands ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FINITE-ELEMENT; CROSS-SLIP; DEFORMATION; GENERATION; STRAIN; PLASTICITY; PRESSURE AB Ultra short pulse shock wave propagation, plastic deformation and evolution of dislocations in copper single crystals with (001), (011) and (111) orientations are investigated using multiscale dislocation dynamics plasticity analyses. The effects of peak pressure, pulse duration, crystal anisotropy and the nonlinear elastic properties on the interaction between shock wave and dislocations are investigated. The results of our calculations show that the dislocation density has a power law dependence on pressure with a power of 1.70 and that the dislocation density is proportional to pulse duration and sensitive to crystal orientation. These results are in very good agreement with the analytical predications of Meyers et al. [Meyers, M.A., Gregori, F., Kad, B.K., Schneider, M.S., Kalantar, D.H., Remington, B.A., Ravichandran G., Boehly, T., Wark, J., 2003. Laser-induced shock compression of monocrystalline copper: characterization and analysis. Acta Materialia 51, 1211-1228] and the experimental results of Murr [Murr, L.E., 1981. Residual microstructure-mechanical property relationships in shock loaded metals and alloys. In: Meyers, M.A., Murr, L.E. (Eds.), Shock Waves and High Strain Rate Phenomena in Metals. Plenum, New York, pp. 607-673]. It is shown also that incorporating the effect of crystal anisotropy in the elastic properties results in orientation dependent wave speed and peak pressure. The relaxed configurations of dislocation microstructures show the formation of microbands coincident with the slip planes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shehadeh, MA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM mutasem@mail.wsu.edu NR 37 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2005 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2369 EP 2390 DI 10.1016/j,ijplas.2004.12.004 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 973RM UT WOS:000232540300006 ER PT J AU Liermann, HP Singh, AK Manoun, B Saxena, SK Zha, CS AF Liermann, HP Singh, AK Manoun, B Saxena, SK Zha, CS TI Compression behavior of TaC0.98 under nonhydrostatic and quasi-hydrostatic pressures up to 76 GPa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE tantalum carbide; compressibility; elastic properties; bulk modulus ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; LATTICE STRAINS; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; ANISOTROPY; PLATINUM; CARBIDES; NIOBIUM; SOLIDS AB Powder samples of TaC0.98 sandwiched between aluminum disks were placed in a rhenium gasket and compressed in a diamond anvil cell. The X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded under pressures up to 50 GPa using synchrotron radiation. The presence of aluminum in the cell rendered the sample pressure nearly hydrostatic and also served as the pressure standard. In another set experiments, TaC0.98 powder mixed with small quantity of platinum powder was placed in stainless steel gasket and compressed between the anvils. The X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded up to 76 GPa. In absence of any pressure-transmitting medium, the stress state of the sample was expected to be highly nonhydrostatic. The diffraction data were analyzed using lattice strain theory to estimate t, the difference between the axial and radial stress components in the sample. The magnitudes of t suggest that the lower limit of compressive strength of TaC0.98 increases with increasing pressure and reaches similar to 11 GPa at 76 GPa pressure. No phase transformation was observed up to the highest pressure. The bulk modulus and its pressure derivative derived from the volume-compression-pressure data are 345(9) GPa and 4.0(4), respectively. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Sci Mat, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. Cornell Univ, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Liermann, HP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, HPCAT, Bldg 434, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pliermann@hpcat.aps.anl.gov OI Manoun, Bouchaib/0000-0003-1341-0300 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2004.11.004 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 910PV UT WOS:000227945000005 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC Varela-Feria, FM Lopez, ARA Fernandez, JM AF Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC Varela-Feria, FM Lopez, ARA Fernandez, JM TI Indentation hardness of biomorphic SiC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM8) CY NOV 08-12, 2005 CL San Juan, PR SP Univ Politecn Catalunya, NASA Space Consortium, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Boston Univ, Dept Univ, Recerca Soc Informac General Catalunya, ID SILICON-CARBIDE CERAMICS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE INFILTRATION; WOOD PRECURSORS; COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; EROSION AB Vickers hardness (HV) measurements have been performed in SiC samples fabricated from various wood precursors (pine, beech, and eucalyptus): bioSiC. It was found that hardness was highly dependent on starting wood structure. The arrangement of wood cells determined the final microstructure of the bioSiC (pores distribution and SiC/Si ratio). Two well-differentiated regions could be observed in all samples; a fully dense area corresponding to the wood growth rings and another that was mostly porous (porosity volume fraction between 30% and 50%). Indents in dense regions revealed that hardness increased with decreasing SiC/Si ratio. Hardness values were compared with those of commercial reaction-bonded SiC and hot-pressed SiC. HV values in the porous region could be well described using a Ryskevitch-type equation. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sevilla, Seville, Spain. RP Goretta, KC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM goretta@anl.gov RI MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/K-1826-2012; Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/0000-0002-1199-6638; Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4-6 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.05.020 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 962PO UT WOS:000231744900022 ER PT J AU Grasselli, G AF Grasselli, G TI 3D behaviour of bolted rock joints: experimental and numerical study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE rock bolt; Swellex; shear tests; experimental tests ID SHEARING AB Rock bolting is the most effective and also the most economical means of supporting excavations in rock. Various types of bolts are used today, and an understanding of the way in which these bolts work is essential for an optimal, safe, and economical use. Fully grouted, untensioned bolts have been commonly used in rock mechanics (i.e., mines, rock fall stabilisation, underground works) for many years. In the 1980s a new type of bolt, called Swellex, was developed, becoming more and more widespread because of their easy and fast installation. However, regardless of the type, the mechanical behaviour of the bolted rock joint is not fully understood, and only the experience accumulated on rock bolting gives the know-how for the reinforcement calculation and execution. In this paper the different mechanical responses of full steel bars as opposed to the frictional Swellex are discussed. The study was done through experimental tests coupled with numerical simulations. The analysis of the results obtained both from finite element (FEM) modelling, and from large-scale (1:1) shear tests on rock joints, reinforced with fully grouted rods and Swellex bolts, clearly shows that the two bolt types deform in dissimilar ways, responding very differently to shear load. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Grasselli, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geophys Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM ggrasse@sandia.gov RI Grasselli, Giovanni/A-8846-2010 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.06.003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 888XP UT WOS:000226407800002 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF Bernier, F Davies, C AF Tsang, CF Bernier, F Davies, C TI Geohydromechanical processes in the Excavation Damaged Zone in crystalline rock, rock salt, and indurated and plastic clays - in the context of radioactive waste disposal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; BOOM CLAY; STRESS AB The creation of an excavation disturbed zone (EdZ) or excavation damaged zone (EDZ) is expected around all man-made openings in geologic formations. Macro- and micro-fracturing, and in general a redistribution of in situ stresses and rearrangement of rock structures, will occur in this zone, resulting in drastic changes of permeability to flow, mainly through the fractures and cracks induced by excavation. The EDZ may have significant implications for the operation and long-term performance of an underground nuclear waste repository. Various issues of concern need to be evaluated, such as processes creating fractures in the EDZ, the degree of permeability increase, and the potential for sealing or healing (with permeability reduction) in the zone. In recent years, efforts along these lines have been made for a potential repository in four rock types-crystalline rock, salt, indurated clay, and plastic clay-and these efforts have involved field, laboratory, and theoretical studies. The present work involves a synthesis of the ideas and issues that emerged from presentations and discussions on EDZ in these four rock types at a CLUSTER Conference and Workshop held in Luxembourg in November 2003. First, definitions of excavation disturbed and EDZs, that may be applicable to all four rock types, are proposed. Then, an approach is suggested for the synthesis and intercomparison of geohydromechanical processes in the EDZ for crystalline rock, salt, indurated clay, and plastic clay. Comparison tables of relevant processes, associated factors, and modelling and testing techniques are developed. A discussion of the general state-of-the-art and outstanding issues is also presented. A substantial bibliography of relevant papers on the subject is supplied at the end of the paper. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European Underground Res Infrastructure Disposal, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Commiss European Communities, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div, 1 Cyclotrin Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cftsang@lbl.gov NR 54 TC 133 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.08.003 PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 888XP UT WOS:000226407800008 ER PT J AU Braginsky, M Tikare, V Olevsky, E AF Braginsky, M Tikare, V Olevsky, E TI Numerical simulation of solid state sintering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID POWDER COMPACTS; POTTS-MODEL; PARTICLE DEFORMATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SPHERICAL POWDERS; GRAIN-GROWTH; DIFFUSION; DISLOCATION; EVOLUTION; KINETICS AB This paper discusses in detail the development of a numerical model capable of simulating microstructural evolution and macroscopic deformation during sintering of complex powder compacts. The model based on the kinetic Monte Carlo (Potts) approach simulates grain growth, vacancy diffusion, and pore annihilation at grain boundaries, which is responsible for densification. Results of 2D simulations for perfect close-packed and random starting configurations are presented and discussed. The microstructural evolution is used to obtain the sintering stress-the macroscopic stress that is equivalent to the microstructural driving force for deformation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat & Proc Modeling, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Braginsky, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat & Proc Modeling, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mvbragi@sandia.gov NR 45 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 621 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.06.022 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 871MG UT WOS:000225137200019 ER PT J AU Linn, R Winterkamp, J Colman, JJ Edminster, C Bailey, JD AF Linn, R Winterkamp, J Colman, JJ Edminster, C Bailey, JD TI Modeling interactions between fire and atmosphere in discrete element fuel beds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/2nd Internationa Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc DE fire propagation; FIRETEC; HIGRAD ID VELOCITY STATISTICS; WAVING WHEAT; WIND-TUNNEL; CROWN FIRES; JACK PINE; AIR-FLOW; SPREAD AB In this text we describe an initial attempt to incorporate discrete porous element fuel beds into the coupled atmosphere - wildfire behavior model HIGRAD/ FIRETEC. First we develop conceptual models for use in translating measured tree data ( in this case a ponderosa pine forest) into discrete fuel elements. Then data collected at experimental sites near Flagstaff, Arizona are used to create a discontinuous canopy fuel representation in HIGRAD/ FIRETEC. Four simulations are presented with different canopy and understory configurations as described in the text. The results are discussed in terms of the same two discrete locations within the canopy for each simulation. The canopy structure had significant effects on the balance between radiative and convective heating in driving the fire and indeed sometimes determinedwhether a specific tree burned or not. In our simulations the ground fuel density was the determining factor in the overall spread rate of the fire, even when the overstory was involved in the fire. This behavior is well known in the fire meteorology community. In the future, simulations of this type could help land managers to better understand the role of canopy and understory structure in determining fire behavior, and thus help them decide between the different thinning and fuel treatment strategies available to them. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Linn, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rrl@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1071/WF04043 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 903UV UT WOS:000227452000004 ER PT J AU Cunningham, P Goodrick, SL Hussaini, MY Linn, RR AF Cunningham, P Goodrick, SL Hussaini, MY Linn, RR TI Coherent vortical structures in numerical simulations of buoyant plumes from wildland fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology/2nd Internationa Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; CROSS-FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NEAR-FIELD; ROUND JET; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; MASS AB The structure and dynamics of buoyant plumes arising from surface- based heat sources in a vertically sheared ambient atmospheric flow are examined via simulations of a three-dimensional, compressible numerical model. Simple circular heat sources and asymmetric elliptical ring heat sources that are representative of wildland fires of moderate intensity are considered. Several different coherent vortical structures that dominate the plume structure and evolution are evident in the simulations, and these structures correspond well with those observed in plumes from wildland fires. For the circular source, these structures include: ( i) a counter-rotating vortex pair aligned with the plume trajectory that is associated with a bifurcation of the plume, ( ii) transverse shear-layer vortices on the upstream face of the plume, and ( iii) vertically oriented wake vortices that form periodically with alternating sign on either side of the downstream edge of the plume base. For the elliptical ring source, a streamwise counter-rotating vortex pair is apparent on each flank, and a transverse horizontal vortex is observed above the head of the source. In all simulations the plume cross section is represented poorly by a self-similar Gaussian distribution. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Inst Geophys Fluid Dynam, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30603 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cunningham, P (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cunningham@met.fsu.edu NR 41 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1071/WF04044 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 903UV UT WOS:000227452000006 ER PT S AU Pascalutsa, V AF Pascalutsa, V BE Faessler, A TI Some electromagnetic properties of the nucleon from relativistic chiral effective field theory SO INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 26TH COURSE: LEPTON SCATTERING AND THE STRUCTURE OF HADRONS AND NUCLEI SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Course on Lepton Scattering and the Structure of Hadrons and Nuclei CY SEP 16-24, 2004 CL Erice, ITALY SP Int Sch Nucl Phys, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Eurpean Phys Soc, Italian Minist Educ, Univ & Sci Res, Italian Minist, Sicilian Regional Gover ID HEARN SUM-RULE; PERTURBATION-THEORY; COMPTON-SCATTERING; FORM-FACTORS; POLARIZABILITIES; DISPERSION; MODEL AB Considering the magnetic moment and polarizabilities of the nucleon we emphasize the need for relativistic chiral EFT calculations. Our relativistic calculations are done via the forward-Compton-scattering sum rules, thus ensuring the correct analytic properties. The results obtained in this way are equivalent to the usual loop calculations, provided no heavy-baryon expansion or any other manipulations which lead to a different analytic structure (e.g., infrared regularization) are made. The Baldin sum rule can directly be applied to calculate the sum of nucleon polarizabilities. In contrast, the GDH sum rule is practically unsuitable for calculating the magnetic moments. The breakthrough is achieved by taking the derivatives of the sum rule with respect to the anomalous magnetic moment. As an example, we apply the derivative of the GDH sum rule to the calculation of the magnetic moment in QED and reproduce the famous Schwinger's correction from a tree-level cross-section calculation. As far as the nucleon properties are concerned, we focus on two issues: (1) chiral behavior of the nucleon magnetic moment and (2) reconciliation of the chiral loop and A-resonance contributions to the nucleon magnetic polarizability. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 TJNAF, Theory Grp, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Pascalutsa, V (reprint author), TJNAF, Theory Grp, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM vlad@jlab.org OI Pascalutsa, Vladimir/0000-0002-2613-6104 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2005 VL 55 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2005.01.014 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCW47 UT WOS:000231556500003 ER PT S AU Burkert, VD AF Burkert, VD BE Faessler, A TI Electromagnetic excitations of baryon resonances SO INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS 26TH COURSE: LEPTON SCATTERING AND THE STRUCTURE OF HADRONS AND NUCLEI SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Review CT 26th Course on Lepton Scattering and the Structure of Hadrons and Nuclei CY SEP 16-24, 2004 CL Erice, ITALY SP Int Sch Nucl Phys, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, European Phys Soc, Italian Minist Educ, Univ & Sci Res, Italian Minist, Sicilian Regional Gover DE NA transition; Roper resonance; missing baryon states; Pentaquark baryons; quark models; lattice QCD ID TRANSITION FORM-FACTORS; SYMMETRIC QUARK-MODEL; HELICITY STRUCTURE; AMPLITUDES; ELECTROEXCITATION; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTION; DECAYS AB I will discuss recent results on the electromagnetic excitation of non-strange baryon resonances obtained with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). Preliminary data on the N Delta transition multipoles at small and at large photon virtualities are presented, showing the importance of the nucleon pion cloud. In the second nucleon resonance region, new results on the transition amplitudes for the Roper P-11 (1440), the S-11 (1535), and the D-13(1520) states are presented. The transverse Roper photocoupling amplitude shows a strong Q(2) dependence that is best described in terms of large meson cloud contributions. The helicity amplitudes for the S, 1(1535) are extracted from both single pion production as well as eta production, giving consistent results. In contrast to the Roper resonance, a nearly Q(2)-independent behavior is observed at small Q2 values supporting the interpretation of this state as a nearly pure three-quark resonance. The D13(1520) amplitudes show the rapid change of the helicity structure predicted by non-relativistic quark models. Searches for new baryon states in two-pion photoproduction and electroproduction show consistently a need for a new state near 1.72 GeV with J(P) = 2/3(+). Finally, the search for the theta(+)(1540]) and other pentaquark baryon states with CLAS is presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Burkert, VD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM burkert@jlab.org NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2005 VL 55 IS 1 BP 108 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2005.01.015 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCW47 UT WOS:000231556500008 ER PT B AU Salerno, RM AF Salerno, RM BE Ragaini, R TI The US select agent rule and an international opportunity to develop laboratory biosecurity guidelines SO International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies - 32nd Session SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Seminar on Nuclear Ware and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2004 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-385-7 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2005 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1142/9789812701787_0024 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA BDC14 UT WOS:000232581200024 ER PT B AU Tompson, AFB AF Tompson, AFB BE Ragaini, R TI Scientific challenges for ensuring clean and reliable water for the 21st century SO International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies - 32nd Session SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Seminar on Nuclear Ware and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2004 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-385-7 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2005 BP 289 EP 303 DI 10.1142/9789812701787_0032 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA BDC14 UT WOS:000232581200032 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI An Introduction to the Development and Use of the Master Curve Method Preface SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 1 EP + D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 7 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400001 ER PT J AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Background SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1520/MNL10611M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 10 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400002 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI K-JC Data Validity Requirements SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 15 EP 17 DI 10.1520/MNL10612M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 3 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400003 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Test Specimens SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1520/MNL10613M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 4 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400004 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Test Equipment SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1520/MNL10614M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 4 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400005 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Pre-Cracking and Side-Grooving of Specimens SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 26 EP 27 DI 10.1520/MNL10615M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 2 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400006 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Test Practices SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 28 EP 29 DI 10.1520/MNL10616M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 2 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400007 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Fracture Toughness Calculations SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1520/MNL10617M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 3 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400008 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Determination of Scale Parameter, (K-o-K-min) SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 33 EP 35 DI 10.1520/MNL10618M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 3 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400009 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Determination of Reference Temperature, T-o SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 36 EP 37 DI 10.1520/MNL10619M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 2 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400010 ER PT J AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Development of Tolerance Bounds SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 38 EP 41 DI 10.1520/MNL10620M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 4 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400011 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Concepts Under Study SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1520/MNL10621M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 4 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400012 ER PT B AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, Donald E. Merkle, John G. Wallin, Kim BA McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K TI Applications SO INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE MASTER CURVE METHOD SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wallin, Kim] VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-3368-6 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL52 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1520/MNL10622M D2 10.1520/MNL52-EB PG 4 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BWN68 UT WOS:000294329400013 ER PT S AU Jensen, MP Beitz, JV Neuefeind, J Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L AF Jensen, MP Beitz, JV Neuefeind, J Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Apples to apples: A comparison of lanthanide beta-diketonate complexes in molecular solvents and an ionic liquid SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID 2-THENOYLTRIFLUOROACETONATE ANIONIC COMPLEX; METAL-IONS; SYNERGIC EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ADDUCT FORMATION; MIXED LIGANDS; THENOYLTRIFLUOROACETONE; TTA; CHLOROFORM AB The structure, stoichiometry, and chemical equilibria governing the complexes formed by lanthanide ions (Ln(3+)) and the extractant 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Htta) were studied in a biphasic system composed of aqueous 1 M NaClO4 and the hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Two different Ln-tta complexes were observed in the ionic liquid phase depending on the solution conditions. A neutral Ln(tta)(3) complex predominates at low tta concentration, while the anionic complex Ln(tta)(4) is extracted into the ionic liquid phase by an anion exchange mechanism at higher tta concentrations. Both complexes have been observed in molecular solvents previously, allowing a direct and quantitative comparison of the ionic liquid based system to conventional liquid-liquid extraction systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 901 BP 18 EP 31 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700002 ER PT S AU Funston, AM Wishart, JF AF Funston, AM Wishart, JF BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Dynamics of fast reactions in ionic liquids SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID METHYL-N-ALKYLPYRROLIDINIUM; PLASTIC CRYSTAL PHASES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; MOLTEN-SALTS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; METHYLTRIBUTYLAMMONIUM BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE; REACTION-KINETICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION AB Pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis are complementary tools for studying fast reactions in ionic liquids. Both techniques have been used to study solvation processes in quaternary ammonium ionic liquids, which extend into the nanosecond regime and influence the reactivity and energetics of radiolytically-generated excess electrons. The preparation and properties of ionic liquid families designed to further these studies is reported. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Funston, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Funston, Alison/B-8817-2012; Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Funston, Alison/0000-0002-4320-6434; Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 65 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2005 VL 901 BP 102 EP 116 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700008 ER PT S AU Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Thermal and kinetic studies of trialkylimidazolium salts SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID THERMOGRAVIMETRIC DATA; IONIC LIQUIDS; DEGRADATION AB The thermal properties of trialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been determined using a flashpoint apparatus and the technique of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Using a Setaflash flashpoint analyzer, all the salts studied were found to have flashpoints above 200 degrees C. TGA was utilized to study the decomposition of imidazolium based RTILs. The effects of C-2 hydrogen substitution, structural isomerism, alkyl chain length, anion type, and purge gas type is discussed. The decomposition kinetics of 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was investigated using TGA. The global kinetic model and TGA Arrhenius parameters have been determined by employing both constant heating rate and isothermal programs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fox@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 901 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700015 ER PT S AU Baker, GA Pandey, S AF Baker, GA Pandey, S BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Amphiphilic self organization in ionic liquids SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID MOLTEN PYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE; SOLVATOCHROMIC PROBE BEHAVIOR; MICROSCOPIC SOLVENT PROPERTIES; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MICELLE FORMATION; ETHYLAMMONIUM NITRATE; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; FUSED SALT; TEMPERATURE AB Despite clear interest, progress toward the controlled formation of amphiphilic assemblies in ionic liquids (or their purely inorganic ancestor, the low-melting molten salt) is still in its infancy. In this chapter, we provide brief historical perspective, highlight results from the recent literature and speculate on the future of this exciting area of research. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2005 VL 901 BP 234 EP 243 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700018 ER PT S AU Dietz, ML Dzielawa, JA Jensen, MP Beitz, JV Borkowski, M AF Dietz, ML Dzielawa, JA Jensen, MP Beitz, JV Borkowski, M BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Mechanisms of metal ion transfer into ionic liquids and their implications for the application of ionic liquids as extraction solvents SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIB: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: TRANSFORMATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID CROWN-ETHERS; STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS; SYNERGIC EXTRACTION; SELECTIVE TRANSPORT; STRONTIUM NITRATE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ADDUCT FORMATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MIXED LIGANDS; SEPARATION AB The rational design of ionic liquid-based metal ion separation systems requires either that the ion transfer properties of these systems be predictable from the known behavior of conventional organic solvents or that the mechanism(s) of ion transfer be understood at a fundamental level. With this in mind, we have examined the transfer of selected metal ions from acidic aqueous media into a series of N,N'dialkylimidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in the presence of crown ethers, neutral organophosphorus extractants, or beta-diketones. The results obtained indicate that although certain aspects of metal ion extraction into RTILs parallel the behavior of conventional solvents, ionic liquids frequently play a more active role in the partitioning process, with ion exchange involving the cationic or anionic constituents of the ionic liquid comprising an important mode of ion transfer. The implications of this observation for the application of ILs as extraction solvents are described. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dietz, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2005 VL 902 BP 2 EP 18 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCI16 UT WOS:000229432300001 ER PT S AU Baker, SN McCleskey, TM Baker, GA AF Baker, SN McCleskey, TM Baker, GA BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI An ionic liquid-based optical thermometer SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIB: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: TRANSFORMATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID INTRAMOLECULAR EXCIMER FORMATION; SOLVATOCHROMIC PROBE BEHAVIOR; INTRA-MOLECULAR EXCIMER; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; FLUORESCENT-PROBES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE; SOLVENT; POLYMER AB We report on a high performance ratiometric luminescent thermometer based on the reversible temperature-dependent excited-state self-association of the probe 1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane dissolved at a few parts per million in the ionic liquid [C(4)mpy][Tf2N]. The thermometer performs well over the 25-140 degrees C range, is rapid and completely reversible, and exhibits an average imprecision of less than +/- 0.20 degrees C over the truncated temperature range 25 degrees C <= T <= 120 degrees C. The precision near physiological temperature is slightly better ( 0.12 degrees C) suggesting possible applications on the operating table and in the battlefield. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 902 BP 171 EP 181 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCI16 UT WOS:000229432300014 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TF Connery, J AF Kennedy, TF Connery, J TI Grain yield reductions in spring barley due to barley yellow dwarf virus and aphid feeding SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aphicides; aphids; barley yellow dwarf virus; spring barley; yield loss ID METOPOLOPHIUM-DIRHODUM WLK; SITOBION-AVENAE; CEREAL APHIDS; WINTER-WHEAT; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; GROWTH-STAGES; SOWN CEREALS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; OUTBREAKS AB The occurrence and control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in spring barley was investigated, at Oak Park, in the periods 1990 to 1993 and 1996 to 2001. Barley was sown in March and April and treated with either organophosphorous or pyrethroid aphicide at various plant growth stages. The most common aphid encountered was Sitobion avenae and MAV the most common strain of BYDV In untreated plots of March- and April-sown barley, 0.85% and 5.9%, respectively, of tillers had virus symptoms. Best control of symptoms, from a single aphicide in March- and April-sown crops, was a treatment at growth stage (g.s.) 14. This treatment contributed 77% of the reduction in symptoms recorded for multiple treatments in April-sown plots. The reduction in grain yield due to high, moderate and low BYDV infection in April-sown barley was 1.1 t/ha (20%), 0.65 t/ha (10%) and 0.36 t/ha (7%), respectively. In March-sown barley, pyrethroid aphicide applied at g.s. 14 significantly improved grain yield by 0.26 t/ha (4%). In the season having the most severe BYDV outbreak, a pyrethroid aphicide at g.s. 14 was best in controlling yield loss. Pyrethroid aphicide gave better control of symptoms and better yields than organophosphorous aphicide. The estimated yield reductions in untreated April-sown barley due to feeding damage by Sitobion avenae was 0.71 t/ha and 0.83 t/ha (10.6% and 11.3%) in the two seasons in which this aphid was plentiful. In the three seasons in which Metopolophium dirhodum was recorded the estimated yield reductions were 0.32 t/ha, 0.48 t/ha and 0.43 t/ha (5.2%, 5.6% and 5.7%). C1 TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Kennedy, TF (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM tkennedy@oakpark.teagasc.ie NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 111 EP 128 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 004MU UT WOS:000234757700009 ER PT J AU Frohlich, A Rice, B AF Frohlich, A Rice, B TI Evaluation of recovered vegetable oil as a biodiesel feedstock SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; recovered vegetable oil AB About 7,000 t of recovered vegetable oil (RVO) are collected in Ireland each year. The use of this material in animal feed has been banned under recent EU legislation because of food safety and animal health concerns. In order to assess its potential as a biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) feedstock, twenty-two 350-kg batches, with a wide range of acid values, were esterified. Ester properties were largely within specification, though variable low-temperature properties sometimes caused the material to be unsuitable for winter use. This problem could be overcome by blending with mineral diesel, but the addition of two pour-point depressants had little effect. Total glycerol concentrations in some batches were high; it could be improved by small changes in the process. Ester yields were low, due mainly to dissolution of ester in the glycerol, but also to saponification of the triglycerides. Tests of the biodiesel in vehicles showed no adverse effects on engine or lubricating oil. Specific fuel consumption was slightly higher than with mineral diesel, which would be expected with biodiesel from any feedstock. The results indicate that it is possible to produce biodiesel of acceptable quality from RVO. Where ester low-temperature properties are inadequate, the problem can be overcome by blending with mineral diesel. C1 TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Frohlich, A (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM afrolich@oakpark.teagasc.ie NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 129 EP 139 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 004MU UT WOS:000234757700010 ER PT J AU Donnelly, A Finnan, J Jones, MB Burke, JI AF Donnelly, A Finnan, J Jones, MB Burke, JI TI A note on the effect of elevated concentrations of greenhouse gases on spring wheat yield in Ireland SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE atmospheric CO2; O-3; grain yield; spring wheat ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CO2; RESPONSES; PROTECT; GROWTH AB Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Minaret) was grown to maturity in open-top chambers under two concentrations of CO2 (ambient and 680 mu mol/mol) and two concentrations of O-3 (ambient and ambient +90 nmol/mol). Elevated concentrations of CO2 increased grain yield whereas yield was reduced by elevated O-3. The damaging effect of elevated O-3 on grain yield was reduced when the crop was grown in a combination of elevated CO2 and elevated O-3. It is concluded that wheat production in Ireland is expected to benefit from rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2. C1 Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Ctr Environm, Dublin 2, Ireland. Environm Protect Agcy, Dublin 14, Ireland. TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Donnelly, A (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM Alison.Donnelly@tcd.ie RI Finnan, John/D-1326-2016 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 004MU UT WOS:000234757700011 ER PT B AU Martin, MC Hao, Z Liddle, A Anderson, EH Padilla, WJ Schurig, D Smith, DR AF Martin, MC Hao, Z Liddle, A Anderson, EH Padilla, WJ Schurig, D Smith, DR GP IEEE TI Fabrication and optical measurements of nanoscale meta-materials: Terahertz and beyond SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab ID REFRACTION C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000018 ER PT B AU Gorelov, IA Lohr, J Callis, RW Kajiwara, K Ponce, D AF Gorelov, IA Lohr, J Callis, RW Kajiwara, K Ponce, D GP IEEE TI Diamond gyrotron windows at the DIII-D tokamak SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab AB New thermal calculations have been performed for artificially grown diamond output windows produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) installed on 110 GHz 1 MW gyrotrons. These results can be compared with infrared (IR) monitoring of the windows during 5 s pulses. A new prototype depressed collector gyrotron with output power in excess of 1.0 MW at 110 GHz is expected to be tested to full parameter operation at the DIII-D facility. Predicted maximum temperature and temperature profiles are presented based on the characteristics of the particular diamond disk installed on this gyrotron and the model. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gorelov, IA (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 357 EP 358 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000181 ER PT B AU Martin, MC Byrd, J Hao, Z Robin, D Sannibale, F Schoenlein, RW Zholents, A Zolotorev, M AF Martin, MC Byrd, J Hao, Z Robin, D Sannibale, F Schoenlein, RW Zholents, A Zolotorev, M GP IEEE TI Tailored terahertz pulses from a laser-modulated electron beam SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab AB Interaction of an electron beam with a femtosecond laser pulse co-propagating through a wiggler modulates the electron energies within a short slice of the electron bunch comparable with the duration of the laser pulse (Figure 1). Propagating around an electron storage ring, this bunch develops a longitudinal density perturbation due to the dispersion of electron trajectories. Figure I shows how this creates femtosecond electron bunch 'wings' which are used for femtosecond x-ray light. In addition, this density perturbation emits temporally and spatially coherent tera-hertz; pulses which are inherently synchronized to the modulating laser. This gives us a new way to study coherent synchrotron radaition, and creates an opportunity for tuning the THz emmission specifically for the needs of a given experiment. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 489 EP 490 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000247 ER PT B AU Carr, GL AF Carr, GL GP IEEE TI Characteristics and applications of intense coherent THz pulses from the NSLS SDL Linac SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven, NY 11719 USA. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven, NY 11719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 501 EP 501 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000253 ER PT B AU Neil, GR AF Neil, GR GP IEEE TI The JLab IR upgrade FEL facility SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab ID LASER AB A new THz/IR/UV photon source at Jefferson Lab is the first of a new generation of light sources based on a Energy-Recovered, (superconducting) Linac (ERL). The source is based on coherent collective radiation from electrons via magnetic bends or in lasing of a pair of free electron lasers. We present a description of the system and its application. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Neil, GR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 573 EP 574 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000291 ER PT B AU Ames, AL Hinman-Sweeney, EM Sizemore, JM AF Ames, AL Hinman-Sweeney, EM Sizemore, JM GP IEEE TI Automated generation of weld path trajectories SO ISATP 2005: IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning (ISATP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning CY JUL 19-21, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA AB AUTOGEN is software that automates the planning and compiling of control programs for robotic welding of ship structure. It works by evaluating computer representations of the ship design and the manufacturing plan, identifying and characterizing each weld, constructing the robot motions necessary to accomplish the welds, and determining the correct assignment of process control values. AUTOGEN generates robot control programs automatically, without manual intervention. Most ship structure assemblies are unique or at best manufactured only a few times. Accordingly, the high cost inherent in all previous methods of preparing complex control programs has made robot welding of ship structures economically unattractive to the United States shipbuilding industry. AUTOGEN eliminates the cost of creating robot control programs. With programming costs eliminated, capitalization of robots to weld ship structure becomes economically viable. Robot welding of ship structures will result in reduced ship welding costs, uniform product quality and enhanced worker safety. Sandia National Laboratories and Northrop Grumman Ship Systems worked with the National Shipbuilding Research Program to develop a means of automated path and process generation fir robotic welding This effort resulted in the AUTOGEN program, which has successfully demonstrated automated path generation and robot control. Although the current implementation of AUTOGEN is optimized for welding applications, the path and process planning capability has applicability to a number of industrial applications, including painting, riveting, and adhesive delivery. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 15233 MS1010, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ames, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 15233 MS1010, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9079-2 PY 2005 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1109/ISATP.2005.1511470 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BDT63 UT WOS:000235236200030 ER PT B AU Hansson, AA Mortveit, HS Tripp, JL Gokhale, MB AF Hansson, AA Mortveit, HS Tripp, JL Gokhale, MB BE Kruger, J TI Urban traffic simulation modeling for reconfigurable hardware SO ISC'2005: 3rd Industrial Simulation Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Industrial Simulation Conference 2005 CY JUN 09-11, 2005 CL Fraunhofer-IPK, Berlin, GERMANY SP EUROSIS, ETI, AEKI, CREAX, ENSAIT, Fraunhofer IPK, Ghent Univ, UPV HO Fraunhofer-IPK DE traffic modeling; reconfigurable hardware; cellular automata; FPGA AB TRANSIMS (Barrett and et al, 2002) is a large-scale simulation system capable of modeling traffic of entire metropolitan areas such as Portland and Chicago. In this paper we present a traffic model based on the TRANSIMS micro-simulator that targets reconfigurable hardware. We give the general model, and also present the modeling aspects that are specific to our implementation target which is Cray XD1. The prototype implementation, although in its early stages and not optimized, is able to achieve 34x speed up over software alone. This work demonstrates that partitioning and system integration issues play a crucial role in realizable speed up for hybrid simulation systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hansson, AA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 90-77381-18-X PY 2005 BP 291 EP 298 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDU33 UT WOS:000235391500051 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, I BE Ceballos, S TI A new era in computing: Moving services onto Grid SO ISPDC 2005: 4th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (ISPDC 2005) CY JUL 04-06, 2005 CL Univ Lille 1, Lille, FRANCE SP Reg Nord Calais, France Telecom, USTL, CNRS, LIFL, IBM, IEEE Sect France, INRIA, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE HO Univ Lille 1 C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Distributed Syst Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Distributed Syst Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2434-6 PY 2005 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDM76 UT WOS:000234333400001 ER PT B AU Vallee, G Lottiaux, R Margery, D Morin, C Berthou, JY AF Vallee, G Lottiaux, R Margery, D Morin, C Berthou, JY BE Ceballos, S TI Ghost process: a sound basis to implement process duplication, migration and checkpoint/restart in Linux clusters SO ISPDC 2005: 4th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (ISPDC 2005) CY JUL 04-06, 2005 CL Univ Lille 1, Lille, FRANCE SP Reg Nord Calais, France Telecom, USTL, CNRS, LIFL, IBM, IEEE Sect France, INRIA, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE HO Univ Lille 1 DE Linux cluster; distributed system; operating system; single system image; process virtualization ID OPERATING SYSTEM AB Process management mechanisms (process duplication, migration and check-point/restart) are very useful for high performance and high availability in clustering systems. The single system image approach aims at providing a global process management service with mechanisms for process checkpoint, process migration and process duplication. In this context, a common mechanism for process virtualization is highly desirable but traditional operating systems do not provide such a mecahnism. This paper presents a kernel service for process virtualization called ghost process, extending the Linux kernel. The ghost process mechanism has been implemented in the Kerrighed single system image based on Linux. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, INRIA, EDF, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vallee, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, INRIA, EDF, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2434-6 PY 2005 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDM76 UT WOS:000234333400016 ER PT J AU Givon, D Hald, OH Kupferman, R AF Givon, D Hald, OH Kupferman, R TI Existence proof for orthogonal dynamics and the Mori-Zwanzig formalism SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMAL PREDICTION; FREEDOM AB We study the existence of solutions to the orthogonal dynamics equation, which arises in the Mori-Zwanzig formalism in irreversible statistical mechanics. This equation generates the random noise associated with a reduction in the number of variables. If L is the Liouvillian, or Lie derivative associated with a Hamiltonian system, and P an orthogonal projection onto a closed subspace of L-2, then the orthogonal dynamics is generated by the operator (I - P)L. We prove the existence of classical solutions for the case where P has finite-dimensional range. In the general case, we prove the existence of weak solutions. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Math, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Math, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Givon, D (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Math, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM givon@math.huji.ac.il; hald@math.berkeley.edu; razk@math.huji.ac.il NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU MAGNES PRESS PI JERUSALEM PA HEBREW UNIV, JERUSALEM, PO BOX 39099, JERUSALEM 91390, ISRAEL SN 0021-2172 J9 ISRAEL J MATH JI Isr. J. Math. PY 2005 VL 145 BP 221 EP 241 DI 10.1007/BF02786691 PG 21 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 929EW UT WOS:000229325900008 ER PT B AU Boyack, KW Klavans, R AF Boyack, KW Klavans, R BE Ingwersen, P Larsen, B TI Predicting the importance of current papers SO ISSI 2005: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference of the International-Society-for-Scientometrics-and-Informetrics CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Int Soc Scientometr & Informetr ID CITATION PROCESSES; IMPACT AB This article examines how well one can predict the importance of a current paper (a paper that is recently published in the literature). We look at three factors-journal importance, reference importance and author reputation. Citation-based measures of importance are used for all variables. We find that journal importance is the best predictor (explaining 22.3% out of a potential 29.1% of the variance in the data), and that this correlation value varies significantly by discipline. Journal importance is a better predictor of citation in Computer Science than in any other discipline. While the finding supports the present policy of using journal impact statistics as a surrogate for the importance of current papers, it calls into question the present policy of equally weighting current documents in text-based analyses. We suggest that future researchers take into account the expected importance of a document when attempting to describe the cognitive structure of a field. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Boyack, Kevin/0000-0001-7814-8951 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU KAROLINSKA UNIV PRESS AB PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 200, STOCKHOLM, SE-171 77, SWEDEN BN 91-7140-339-6 PY 2005 BP 335 EP 342 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BDC93 UT WOS:000232759800044 ER PT B AU Link, HE Neumann, WD AF Link, HE Neumann, WD BE Selvaraj, H Srimani, PK TI Clarifying obfuscation: Improving the security of white-box DES SO ITCC 2005: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: CODING AND COMPUTING, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Information Technology - Coding and Computing CY APR 04-06, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE AB To ensure the security of software executing on malicious hosts, as in digital rights management (DRM) applications, it is desirable to encrypt or decrypt content using white-boxencoded cryptographic algorithms in the manner of Chow et al. Such encoded algorithms must run on an adversary's machine without revealing the private key information used, despite the adversary's ability to observe and manipulate the running algorithm. We have implemented obfuscated (white-box) DES and triple-DES algorithms along the lines of Chow et al., with alterations that improve the security of the key. Our system is secure against two previously published attacks on Chow et al.'s system, and our own adaptation of a statistical bucketing attack on their system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM helink@sandia.gov; wneuman@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2315-3 PY 2005 BP 679 EP 684 DI 10.1109/ITCC.2005.100 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCH18 UT WOS:000229276500115 ER PT J AU Gavriliuk, AG Struzhkin, VV Lyubutin, IS Hu, MY Mao, HK AF Gavriliuk, AG Struzhkin, VV Lyubutin, IS Hu, MY Mao, HK TI Phase transition with suppression of magnetism in BiFeO3 at high pressure SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-RESONANCE; SCATTERING; ANTIFERROMAGNET; PARAMETERS; TIME AB The magnetic behavior of a (BiFeO3)-Fe-57 powdered sample was studied at high pressures by the method of nuclear forward scattering (NFS) of synchrotron radiation. The NFS spectra from Fe-57 nuclei were recorded at room temperature under high pressures up to 61.4 GPa, which were created in a diamond anvil cell. In the pressure interval 0 < P < 47 GPa, the magnetic hyperfine field H-Fe at the Fe-57 nuclei increased reaching a value of similar to 52.5 T at 30 GPa, and then it slightly decreased to similar to 49.6 T at P = 47 GPa. As the pressure was increased further, the field H-Fe abruptly dropped to zero testifying a transition from the antiferromagnetic to a nonmagnetic state (magnetic collapse). In the pressure interval 47 < P < 61.4 GPa, the value of H-Fe remained zero. The field H-Fe recovered to the low-pressure values during decompression. (C) 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Crystallog, Moscow 119333, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gavriliuk, AG (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM lyubutin@ns.crys.ras.ru RI Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013; Gavriliuk, Alexander/G-1317-2011 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548; Gavriliuk, Alexander/0000-0003-0604-586X NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1134/1.2121819 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 976HM UT WOS:000232724000013 ER PT S AU Frachtenberg, E Feitelson, DG AF Frachtenberg, E Feitelson, DG BE Feitelson, D Frachtenberg, E Rudolph, L Schwiegelshohn, U TI Pitfalls in parallel job scheduling evaluation SO JOB SCHEDULING STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing CY JUN 19, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA DE parallel job scheduling; performance evaluation; experimental methodology; dynamic workload; static workload; simulation ID WORKLOADS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB There are many choices to make when evaluating the performance of a complex system. In the context of parallel job scheduling, one must decide what workload to use and what measurements to take. These decisions sometimes have subtle implications that are easy to overlook. In this paper we document numerous pitfalls one may fall into, with the hope of providing at least some help in avoiding them. Along the way, we also identify topics that could benefit from additional research. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Frachtenberg, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM eitanf@lanl.gov; feit@cs.huji.ac.il; eitanf@lanl.gov NR 81 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-31024-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3834 BP 257 EP 282 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDW24 UT WOS:000235803700013 ER PT J AU Andresen, PL Gordon, GM Lu, SC AF Andresen, PL Gordon, GM Lu, SC TI The stress-corrosion-cracking model for high-level radioactive-waste packages SO JOM LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL CRACKING; ALLOYS AB A stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) model has been adapted for performance prediction of high-level radioactive-waste packages to be placed in the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. For these waste packages, the outer barrier material is the highly corrosion-resistant alloy UNS-NO6022 (alloy 22). The tensile stress is principally from weld-induced residual stress. To account for crack propagation, the slip dissolution/film rupture (SDFR) model is adopted to provide mathematical formulae for prediction of the crack growth rate. Once the crack growth rate at an initiated SCC is determined, it can be used to determine the time to through-wall penetration for the waste package. This paper presents the development of the SDFR crack growth rate model. A seismic-damage-related SCC crack opening area density model is also briefly described. C1 GE Global Res, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. AREVA, Framatome ANP, Las Vegas, NV USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Andresen, PL (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Circle, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. EM andresen@crd.ge.com NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s11837-005-0060-y PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 889EV UT WOS:000226427200004 ER PT J AU Evans, KJ Yilmaz, A Day, SD Wong, LL Estill, JC Rebak, RB AF Evans, KJ Yilmaz, A Day, SD Wong, LL Estill, JC Rebak, RB TI Using electrochemical methods to determine alloy 22's crevice corrosion repassivation potential SO JOM LA English DT Article ID WASTE AB Alloy 22 (N06022) is a nickel-based alloy highly resistant to corrosion. In aggressive conditions of high chloride concentration, temperature, and applied potential, alloy 22 may suffer crevice corrosion, a form of localized corrosion. Several electrochemical methods can be used to detect localized corrosion in metallic alloys. One of the most popular for rapid screening is cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP). This work compares the repassivation potentials obtained using CPP to repassivation potentials obtained using the Tsujikawa-Hisamatsu Electrochemical method and the potentiostatic method. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-631, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rebak1@IInl.gov OI Yilmaz, Ahmet/0000-0001-6708-0672; Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s11837-005-0065-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 889EV UT WOS:000226427200009 ER PT J AU Vezenov, DV Noy, A Ashby, P AF Vezenov, DV Noy, A Ashby, P TI Chemical force microscopy: probing chemical origin of interfacial forces and adhesion SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chemical force microscopy; force titrations; self-assernbled monolayers; dynamic force spectroscopy ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUP DISTRIBUTIONS; PULL-OFF FORCES; MODIFIED PROBES; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TITRATION BEHAVIOR; IONIZATION STATE AB Intermolecular interactions between distinct chemical functionalities define a multitude of adhesion events in chemistry, biology and materials science. Modern techniques for measuring molecular level forces have allowed direct quantitative characterization of these interactions. In particular, chemical force microscopy (CFM), which uses the probe tip of a force microscope covalently modified with specific organic functional groups, provides a flexible approach for studying interactions between specific chemical functionalities. In this review, we survey the progress in CFM in recent years as it applies to adhesion of soft materials. We show how new developments in the experimental and theoretical approaches continue to build a realistic and detailed picture of adhesion interaction in condensed phases. We specifically highlight the importance of the kinetics of the unbinding processes and solvation effects in determining the strength of intermolecular interactions. We also describe some recent new directions in CFM, such as high-throughput adhesion measurements and mapping of full intermolecular potentials. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vezenov, DV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dvezenov@gmwgroup.harvard.edu NR 102 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 33 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 313 EP 364 DI 10.1163/1568561054352702 PG 52 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 947TQ UT WOS:000230670600012 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Jenkins, CM AF Cheng, MD Jenkins, CM TI Production and dynamics of ultrafine and fine particles in contained detonations of aluminium energetics SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ultrafine particles; detonation; nanoenergetics; particle size evolution; nanophase materials AB Several experiments were conducted to improve understanding of the properties of airborne particles generated by detonation of conventional charges and explosives prepared from nanophase aluminum-powder materials. We, believe this is the first time that the time-dependent behavior of ultrafine particles produced by explosions are reported. Based on our analysis of the measurement data, it appears that the initial peak diameter of particles produced by the detonation of test charges in the experiments, irrespective of the original formulations. is in the proximity of 40 nm. The particles eventually grew to the size range between 100 and 300 nm within 30 min. Charges prepared from the nanophase powders (50- and 100-nm) produced significantly higher number concentration values than those from conventional formulation and 15-mum powder material. The differences were two orders of magnitude higher by 50-nm powder, one order by the 100-nm, and 2 times higher by the 15-mum powder charge in comparison to the conventional formulation. The reduction of total number concentration of particles over time produced by detonation of the four charges appears to follow a pseudo-first-order chemical kinetics-linear functional on a semi-log plot. Employing this functional, the particle removal rates estimated for the four charges ranged from 0.014 to 0.026 min(-1). The removal rates were found to be statistically different (at the 95% confidence interval). and in the following order: the rate for charge A < B < C < D. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, HERD, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1505,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chengmd@ornl.gov RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.07.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 889QC UT WOS:000226456500001 ER PT J AU Liu, CY Mao, XL Gonzalez, J Russo, RE AF Liu, CY Mao, XL Gonzalez, J Russo, RE TI Study of particle size infkuence on laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using an in-line cascade impactor SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; ICP-MS; ELEMENTAL FRACTIONATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GLASS SAMPLES; 266 NM; TRANSPORT; SEPARATION AB An in-line cascade impactor was used as a low pass filter to study the effects of particles on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) performance. The temporal relative standard deviation (TRSD), which represents the short term internal precision during repetitive ablation, was improved from 20% to 4% by removing large particles ablated from brass alloys. External precision for spot to spot measurements on a bulk sample was improved to approximately 2%. The ablated aerosol chemistry was particle size dependent: smaller particles were zinc rich while larger particles were copper rich. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 200 EP 203 DI 10.1039/b414422h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 907HL UT WOS:000227707000005 ER PT J AU Hang, W AF Hang, W TI Laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer with an ion guide collision cell for elemental analysis of solids SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; GLOW-DISCHARGE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; PLENARY LECTURE; INDUCED PLASMAS; ABLATION; BULK; MICROANALYSIS; DISTRIBUTIONS; CAPABILITIES AB A laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer with an ion guide collision cell has been developed for the elemental analysis of solids. The system has successfully solved the contradiction between resolution and ions with large kinetic energy generated in the ion source (with 10(9)-10(10) W cm(-2) laser irradiation flux). It demonstrates near-uniform sensitivity coefficients for different elements. There are very few interferences from the gas species and doubly charged species in the spectra, and their intensities are so low that they can be ignored. With these achievements, semi-quantitative multielemental analysis is possible with no standard required. Furthermore, unlike other laser ablation and ionization mass spectrometry techniques, no mathematical adjustment is needed in this technique. The ratios of the individual elemental signals to the summed signal from all detected elements could be used to produce percent composition values directly. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hang, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM weihang@lanl.gov NR 43 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1039/b414677h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 908MU UT WOS:000227791900008 ER PT J AU Wang, CJ Scherrer, ST Duan, YX Winstead, CB AF Wang, CJ Scherrer, ST Duan, YX Winstead, CB TI Cavity ringdown measurements of mercury and its hyperfine structures at 254 nm in an atmospheric microwave plasma: spectral interference and analytical performance SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; HERZBERG-I BANDS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; VAPOR; GAS; O-2 AB The plasma-cavity ringdown spectroscopic ( Plasma-CRDS) technique has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for elemental and isotopic measurements in recent studies. This work reports the first application of plasma-CRDS to measurements of elemental mercury and its stable isotopes at the 254 nm transition under atmospheric conditions. A microwave-induced plasma ( MIP) operating at 80-100 W is used to generate Hg atoms from standard HgCl2 solutions diluted by 2% nitric acid solvent. It is found that a background absorption, attributed to the overlap of two broadened rovibrational transitions R-21( 21) and P-1( 15) of the OH A-X ( 3-0) band located at 253.65 nm, generates significant spectral interference with the absorption peak of Hg at 254 nm. With an optimized operating condition, including plasma powers, gas flow rates, and laser beam positions in the plasma, the detection sensitivity of Hg is determined to be 9.1 ng ml(-1) in aqueous solution, equivalently 221 pptv in the gas phase; this detection limit is approximately 2-fold higher than the theoretical detection limit, 126 pptv, which was estimated by using the parameters of the instrument system and the calculated absorption cross-section, 2.64 X 10(-14) cm(2) atom(-1), of the transition under atmospheric plasma conditions. High-resolution spectral scans show a clear contour of the stable isotopes of the 254 nm transition. The technical challenges encountered and the potential for further development of the Hg analyzer using the MIP-CRDS technique are discussed. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Diagnost Instrumentat & Anal Lab, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, C CSE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Wang, CJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Diagnost Instrumentat & Anal Lab, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM wang@dial.msstate.edu NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 20 IS 7 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1039/b504318b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 938MZ UT WOS:000230008800006 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Torcolini, JC Redman, R AF Fast, JD Torcolini, JC Redman, R TI Pseudovertical temperature profiles and the urban heat island measured by a temperature datalogger network in Phoenix, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND; AREA; PERFORMANCE; CHEMISTRY; RASS AB As part of an air-quality field campaign conducted in Phoenix, Arizona, during the summer of 2001, a network of temperature dataloggers and surface meteorological stations was deployed across the metropolitan area for a 61-day period. The majority of the dataloggers were deployed along two intersecting lines across the city to quantify characteristics of the urban heat island (UHI). To obtain pseudovertical temperature profiles, some of the instrumentation was also deployed along a mountain slope that rose to 480 m above the valley floor. The instrumentation along the mountain slope provided a reasonable approximation of the vertical temperature profile of the free atmosphere over the valley center during the night and a few hours after sunrise. Mean differences of 0.63 and 0.92 K and standard deviations of 1.33 and 1.45 K were obtained when compared with the in situ radiosonde and remote radio acoustic sounding system measurements, respectively. The vertical temperature gradients associated with temperature inversions within 200 m of the surface during the morning were also close to those obtained from the radiosondes. The average UHI during the measurement period was between 2.5degrees and 3.5degreesC; however, there was significant day-to-day variability, and it was as large as 10degreesC during one evening. The peak UHI usually occurred around midnight; however, a strong UHT was frequently observed 2-3 h after sunrise that coincided with the persistence of strong temperature inversions obtained from the radiosonde and the pseudovertical temperature profiles. The nocturnal horizontal temperature gradient was somewhat different than that reported for other large cities, and the UHI did not decrease with increasing wind speeds until the wind speeds exceeded 7 m s(-1). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Arizona Dept Environm Qual, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1175/JAM-2176.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899LL UT WOS:000227145800001 ER PT J AU Kassianov, E Long, CN Ovtchinnikov, M AF Kassianov, E Long, CN Ovtchinnikov, M TI Cloud sky cover versus cloud fraction: Whole-sky simulations and observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS CLOUDS; RADAR REFLECTIVITIES; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; SATELLITE DATA; ARM CART; WATER; IRRADIANCE; IMPACT; ALBEDO; ISCCP AB The relationship between hemispherical sky cover and nadir-view cloud fraction is examined by using both model simulations and surface observations. Monte Carlo simulations of ground-based hemispherical measurements are based on four-dimensional cloud fields produced by a large-eddy simulation model. Surface hemispherical observations are performed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Cloudiness Intercomparison Intensive Operational Period. It is shown that (i) 15-min averages of frequently sampled (30 s) sky cover provide a reasonable estimation of the cloud fraction for limited fields of view and that (ii) this estimation can be substantially improved (for cumulus clouds) if additional information about the cloud aspect ratio is incorporated into the retrieval process. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Evgueni.Kassianov@pni.gov NR 31 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1175/JAM-2184.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899LL UT WOS:000227145800007 ER PT J AU Haiden, T Whiteman, CD AF Haiden, T Whiteman, CD TI Katabatic flow mechanisms on a low-angle slope SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINDS; FIELD; MODEL; LAYER AB Momentum and heat budget equations for katabatic flows on sloping surfaces are revisited. Terms in these equations are evaluated using wind and potential temperature data from four tethered-balloon data collection systems on a 3-km line running down a 1.6degrees slope at the foot of the Oquirrh Mountains in Utah's Great Salt Lake valley. The analyses focus on the development with downslope distance of the katabatic flow and the associated negatively buoyant layer under synoptically undisturbed conditions. With strong ambient stratification, the katabatic flow shows little variation between sites, suggesting a state close to local equilibrium. When the ambient stratification is weaker, the acceleration of the katabatic flow between two tethersonde sites is systematically larger than what would be predicted based on observed buoyancy. Comparison of observed flow direction with the local topographic gradient indicates that slope curvature, associated with small deviations from the basically planar slope, may be responsible for the anomalous increase. It is concluded that the cross-slope homogeneity of the flow, which is assumed in simplified katabatic flow models, may be significantly disturbed even on slopes that appear to be planar to the observer. C1 Cent Inst Meteorol & Geodynam, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Cent Inst Meteorol & Geodynam, Hohe Warte 38, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. EM thomas.haiden@zamg.ac.at NR 19 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1175/JAM-2182.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899LL UT WOS:000227145800009 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Liu, W Einfeldt, S Roskowski, AM Davis, RF AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Liu, W Einfeldt, S Roskowski, AM Davis, RF TI Local strain, defects, and crystallographic tilt in GaN(0001) layers grown by maskless pendeo-epitaxy from x-ray microdiffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GAN LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; PENDEOEPITAXY; CRYSTALS AB Polychromatic x-ray microdiffraction, high-resolution monochromatic x-ray diffraction, and finite element simulations have been used to determine the distribution of strain, defects, and crystallographic tilt in uncoalesced GaN layers grown by maskless pendeo-epitaxy. An important materials parameter was the width-to-height ratio of the etched columns of GaN from which occurred the lateral growth of the wings. Tilt boundaries formed at the column/wing interface for samples with a large ratio. Formation of the tilt boundary can be avoided by using smaller ratios. The strain and tilt across the stripe increased with the width-to-height ratio. The wings were tilted upward at room temperature. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 AR 013504 DI 10.1063/1.1825614 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DU UT WOS:000226700300012 ER PT J AU Chernobrod, BM Berman, GP AF Chernobrod, BM Berman, GP TI Spin microscope based on optically detected magnetic resonance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; RESOLUTION AB We propose a scanning magnetic microscope which has a photoluminescence nanoprobe implanted in the tip of an atomic force microscope, (AFM) scanning tunneling microscope (STM), or near-field scanning optical microscope, and exhibits optically detected magnetic resonance. The proposed spin microscope has nanoscale lateral resolution and the single spin sensitivity for AFM and STM. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chernobrod, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpb@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 AR 014903 DI 10.1063/1.1829373 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DU UT WOS:000226700300091 ER PT J AU Emin, D Aselage, TL AF Emin, D Aselage, TL TI A proposed boron-carbide-based solid-state neutron detector SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RICH SOLIDS AB Its large cross section for absorption of thermal neutrons has made B-10 a frequent candidate for use in neutron detectors. Here a boron-carbide-based thermoelectric device for the detection of a thermal-neutron flux is proposed. The very high melting temperatures and the radiation tolerance of boron carbides make them suitable for use within hostile environments (e.g., within nuclear reactors). The large anomalous Seebeck coefficients of boron carbides are exploited in proposing a relatively sensitive detector of the local heating that follows the absorption of a neutron by a B-10 nucleus in a boron carbide. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Emin, D (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 11 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 AR 013529 DI 10.1063/1.1823579 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DU UT WOS:000226700300037 ER PT J AU Hearne, SJ Floro, JA AF Hearne, SJ Floro, JA TI Mechanisms inducing compressive stress during electrodeposition of Ni SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SULFAMATE BATH; NICKEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFUSION; SURFACE AB The evolution of stress during electrodeposition of Ni films on Au substrates has been investigated as a function of bath chemistry and deposition conditions to examine the microstructural origins of the compressive stress observed during deposition from an additive-free sulfamate bath. Three likely mechanisms for the generation of compressive stress in this system were investigated: interstitial hydrogen/impurity incorporation, capillarity stress, and a chemical-potential gradient driven atom incorporation model. Only the last model, the chemical-potential gradient model, could not be discounted as the active mechanism. However, further study is required to verify that this is the primary compressive stress generation mechanism. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hearne, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjhearn@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 AR 014901 DI 10.1063/1.1819972 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DU UT WOS:000226700300089 ER PT J AU Setchell, RE AF Setchell, RE TI Shock wave compression of the ferroelectric ceramic Pb-0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)(0.98)Nb0.02O3: Depoling currents SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; PZT 95-5; ENERGY GENERATION; SAPPHIRE; RESISTIVITY AB Shock wave compression of poled Pb-0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)(0.98)Nb0.02O3 (PZT 95/5-2Nb) results in rapid depoling and release of bound charge. In the current study, planar-impact experiments with this material were conducted on a gas-gun facility to determine Hugoniot states, to examine constitutive mechanical properties during shock propagation, and to investigate shock-induced depoling characteristics. A previous article summarized results from the first two of these areas, and this article summarizes the depoling studies. A baseline material, similar to materials used in previous studies, was examined in detail. More limited experiments were conducted with other materials to investigate the effects of different porous microstructures. Experiments were conducted over a wide range of conditions in order to examine the effects of varying shock strength, poling orientation, input wave shape, electric field strength, porous microstructure at a fixed density, and initial density. Depoling currents were recorded in an external circuit under either short-circuit or high-field conditions, and provide a convenient means of examining the kinetics associated with the ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition. For sufficiently strong shock waves, the measured short-circuit currents indicate that the phase transition is very rapid and essentially complete. As shock strengths are reduced, short-circuit currents show increasing rise times and decreasing final levels at the end of shock transit. These features indicate that the transition kinetics can be characterized in terms of both a transition rate and a limiting degree of transition achieved in a given shock experiment. The presence of a strong electric field does not appear to have a significant effect on transition kinetics at high shock stresses, but has a strong effect at low stresses. As was found for constitutive mechanical properties, only small effects on measured currents resulted from differences in the porous microstructure of common-density materials, but large effects were observed when initial density was varied. To examine transition kinetics in more detail, short-circuit currents obtained with the baseline material and several approximate methods were used to estimate values for the rate and degree of transition as functions of shock properties. Differences between these currents and currents measured in high-field experiments using the same impact conditions were used to examine field effects on transition kinetics and corresponding dielectric properties. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM resetch@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 AR 013507 DI 10.1063/1.1828215 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DU UT WOS:000226700300015 ER PT J AU Watson, JP Whitley, LD Howe, AE AF Watson, JP Whitley, LD Howe, AE TI Linking search space structure, run-time dynamics, and problem difficulty: A step toward demystifying tabu search SO JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM; BENCHMARKS; ALGORITHM AB Tabu search is one of the most effective heuristics for locating high-quality solutions to a diverse array of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Despite the widespread success of tabu search, researchers have a poor understanding of many key theoretical aspects of this algorithm, including models of the high-level run-time dynamics and identification of those search space features that influence problem difficulty. We consider these questions in the context of the job-shop scheduling problem (JSP), a domain where tabu search algorithms have been shown to be remarkably effective. Previously, we demonstrated that the mean distance between random local optima and the nearest optimal solution is highly correlated with problem difficulty for a well-known tabu search algorithm for the JSP introduced by Taillard. In this paper, we discuss various shortcomings of this measure and develop a new model of problem difficulty that corrects these deficiencies. We show that Taillard's algorithm can be modeled with high fidelity as a simple variant of a straightforward random walk. The random walk model accounts for nearly all of the variability in the cost required to locate both optimal and sub-optimal solutions to random JSPs, and provides an explanation for differences in the difficulty of random versus structured JSPs. Finally, we discuss and empirically substantiate two novel predictions regarding tabu search algorithm behavior. First, the method for constructing the initial solution is highly unlikely to impact the performance of tabu search. Second, tabu tenure should be selected to be as small as possible while simultaneously avoiding search stagnation; values larger than necessary lead to significant degradations in performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Watson, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM JWATSON@SANDIA.GOV; WHITLEY@CS.COLOSTATE.EDU; HOWE@CS.COLOSTATE.EDU NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AI ACCESS FOUNDATION PI MARINA DEL REY PA USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INST, 4676 ADMIRALITY WAY, MARINA DEL REY, CA 90292-6695 USA SN 1076-9757 J9 J ARTIF INTELL RES JI J. Artif. Intell. Res. PY 2005 VL 24 BP 221 EP 261 PG 41 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 958LO UT WOS:000231450000001 ER PT J AU Lipkow, K Andrews, SS Bray, D AF Lipkow, K Andrews, SS Bray, D TI Simulated diffusion of phosphorylated CheY through the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE REGULATOR CHEY; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; COMPLEX; BINDING; PHOSPHATASE; COMPONENTS; RESOLUTION; GRADIENTS; CELLS; TAR AB We describe the use of a computational model to study the effects of cellular architecture and macromolecular crowding on signal transduction in Escherichia coli chemotaxis. A newly developed program, Smoldyn, allows the movement and interaction of a large number of individual molecules in a structured environment to be simulated (S. S. Andrews and D. Bray, Phys. Biol., in press). With Smoldyn, we constructed a three-dimensional model of an E. coli cell and examined the diffusion of CheYp from the cluster of receptors to the flagellar motors under control conditions and in response to attractant and repellent stimuli. Our simulations agree well with experimental observations of cell swimming responses and are consistent with the diffusive behavior expected in wild-type and mutant cells. The high resolution available to us in the new program allows us to calculate the loci of individual CheYp molecules in a cell and the distribution of their lifetimes under different cellular conditions. We find that the time delay between stimulus and response differs for flagellar motors located at different positions in the cell. We explore different possible locations for the phosphatase CheZ and show conditions under which a gradient of CheYp exists in the cell. The introduction of inert blocks into the cytoplasm, representing impenetrable structures such as the nucleoid and large protein complexes, produces a fall in the apparent diffusion coefficient of CheYp and enhances the differences between motors. These and other results are left as predictions for future experiments. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Anat, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lipkow, K (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Anat, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England. EM KL280@cam.ac.uk FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM064713, GM64713] NR 33 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 187 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1128/JB.187.1.45-53.2005 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888QX UT WOS:000226390400005 PM 15601687 ER PT J AU Furlong, CE Cole, TB Walter, BJ Shih, DM Tward, A Lusis, AJ Timchalk, C Richter, RJ Costa, LG AF Furlong, CE Cole, TB Walter, BJ Shih, DM Tward, A Lusis, AJ Timchalk, C Richter, RJ Costa, LG TI Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status and risk of insecticide exposure SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. RP Furlong, CE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM clem@u.washington.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01HL30568]; NIA NIH HHS [T32-AG00057]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09601, ES04696, ES09883, U19 ES11387, ES07033]; PHS HHS [5P42] NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 182 EP 183 DI 10.1002/jbt.20079 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 943LE UT WOS:000230354300012 PM 15977192 ER PT J AU Peterson, SL McDonald, A Gourley, PL Sasaki, DY AF Peterson, SL McDonald, A Gourley, PL Sasaki, DY TI Poly(dimethylsiloxane) thin films as biocompatible coatings for microfluidic devices: Cell culture and flow studies with glial cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE microfluidics; biocompatibility; oxidized polydimethylsiloxane; cell adhesion; surface passivation ID LASER-SURFACE MODIFICATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; IN-VITRO ASSAY; BIOCAVITY LASERS; CHAIN-LENGTH; ADHESION; BIOLOGY; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; HEMOCOMPATIBILITY; BIOMEDICINE AB Oxygen plasma treatment of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) thin films produced a hydrophilic surface that was biocompatible and resistant to biofouling in microfluidic studies. Thin film coatings of PDMS were previously developed to provide protection for semiconductor-based microoptical devices from rapid degradation by biofluids. However, the hydrophobic surface of native PDMS induced rapid clogging of microfluidic channels with glial cells. To evaluate the various issues of surface hydrophobicity and chemistry on material biocompatibility, we tested both native and oxidized PDMS (ox-PDMS) coatings as well as bare silicon and hydrophobic alkane and hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol silane monolayer coated under both cell culture and microfluidic studies. For the culture studies, the observed trend was that the hydrophilic surfaces supported cell adhesion and growth, whereas the hydrophobic ones were inhibitive. However, for the fluidic studies, a glass-silicon microfluidic device coated with the hydrophilic oxPDMS had an unperturbed flow rate over 14 min of operation, whereas the uncoated device suffered a loss in rate of 12%, and the native PDMS coating showed a loss of nearly 40%. Possible protein modification of the surfaces from the culture medium also were examined with adsorbed films of albumin, collagen, and fibrinogen to evaluate their effect on cell adhesion. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sasaki, DY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dysasak@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 41 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 72A IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.30166 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 879MB UT WOS:000225720800002 PM 15534867 ER PT J AU Hillegonds, DJ Burton, DW Fitzgerald, RL Denk, E Walczyk, TR Deftos, LJ Vogel, JS AF Hillegonds, DJ Burton, DW Fitzgerald, RL Denk, E Walczyk, TR Deftos, LJ Vogel, JS TI Ca-41 on the horizon of individual bone turnover assessment: Preclinical results and bisphosphonate response in osteopenic postmenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th North American Symposium on Skeleted Complications of Malignancy CY APR 28-30, 2005 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Res, Zurich, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PY 2005 VL 20 SU 2 BP P69 EP P70 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 017JT UT WOS:000235690600129 ER PT J AU Brutchey, RL Lugmair, CG Schebaum, LO Tilley, TD AF Brutchey, RL Lugmair, CG Schebaum, LO Tilley, TD TI Thermolytic conversion of a bis(alkoxy)tris(siloxy)tantalum(V) single-source molecular precursor to catalytic tantala-silica materials SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE tantalum; silicon; molecular precursor route; amorphous materials; supported catalysts; oxidation; peroxides ID LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; SOL-GEL METHOD; CERAMER MATERIALS; HYBRID MATERIALS; MIXED OXIDES; NIOBIUM; EPOXIDATION; SURFACE; ZIRCONIA; TITANIUM AB The new complex ((PrO)-Pr-i)(2)Ta[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3) (1) was prepared via silanolysis of Ta((OPr)-Pr-i)(5) with ((BuO)-Bu-t)(3)SiOH and is a useful structural and spectroscopic (NMR, FTIR) model of Ta(V) on silica. The complex was also used to prepare tantalum-containing silica materials, via the thermolytic Molecular precursor method (yielding Ta2O5 . 6SiO(2) and Ta2O5 . 18SiO(2)) or by grafting 1 onto mesoporous SBA-15 silica (yielding a surface-supported tantala species, TaSBA-15). The Solution phase thermolysis of 1 in nonpolar media afforded homogeneous, hi-h-surface-area (ca. 450 m(2) g(-1)) xerogels (Ta2O5 . 6SiO(2)) that are amorphous up to approximately 1100degreesC. A more silica-rich tantala-silica material (Ta2O5 . 18SiO(2)) was prepared via a solution-phase co-thermolytic route with 1 and HOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3), to yield a material with a Si/Ta ratio of 9/1. It was demonstrated that tantala-silica materials are active as catalysts for cyclohexene oxidation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Brutchey, Richard/C-4506-2008 NR 57 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 229 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.10.015 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 887FL UT WOS:000226290900008 ER PT J AU Ueno, S Jayaseelan, DD Ohji, T Lin, HT AF Ueno, S Jayaseelan, DD Ohji, T Lin, HT TI Corrosion and oxidation behavior of ASiO(4) (A=Ti, Zr and Hf) and silicon nitride with an HfSiO4 environmental barrier coating SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE water vapor corrosion; oxidation; HfSiO4; ZrSiO4; TiSiO4; silicon nitride AB The oxidation and water vapor corrosion behavior of sintered HfSiO4, ZrSiO4, TiSiO4 compacts and high density HfSiO4 coated silicon nitride ceramics were examined at 1500 degrees C in a static state water vapor environment. The bulk weights of HfSiO4 and ZrSiO4 decreased after the water vapor corrosion test with a weight loss rate of 7.080 x 10(-6) and 1.333 x 10(-6) g/cm(2.)h, respectively. The weight of TiSiO4 remained unchanged within the experimental error after the corrosion test. A trace of corrosion was observed on the surface of grains of corrosion-tested compacts. On the other hand, the weight of high density HfSiO4 layer (Environmental Barrier Coating, EBC layer) coated silicon nitride specimens increased with a weight gain rate 1.495 x 10(-6) g/cm(2.)h, which is attributed by the oxidation of the silicon nitride substrate. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4638560, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, 2266-98 Shimo Shidami, Nagoya, Aichi 4638560, Japan. EM shunkichi.ueno@aist.go.jp NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 915VJ UT WOS:000228339100014 ER PT J AU Wei, XZ Li, YL AF Wei, XZ Li, YL TI The influence of lattice defects on the crystal structure of hydrothermal BaTiO3 powders SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; lattice defects; hydrothermal; barium titanate; powder ID TETRAGONAL BARIUM-TITANATE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; FINE POWDERS; FILMS AB Fine powders of Barium titanate (BaTiO3) were hydrothermally prepared and heat treated at various temperatures from 400 degrees C to 1200 degrees C for 1 hour. The as-prepared and heat-treated powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). All these powders were identified as tetragonal phase by Raman spectroscopy. The XRD results show that the tetragonality or c/a ratio in heat-treated BaTiO3 powders increases with heat treatment temperature. This suggests that lattice water and lattice vacancies suppress the phase transition from cubic to tetragonal in hydrothermal BaTiO3 powders, but do not prevent it completely. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wei, XZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 107 Met Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xjames_wei@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2005 VL 6 IS 3 BP 250 EP 254 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 972RZ UT WOS:000232472200010 ER PT J AU Adib, AB Jarzynski, C AF Adib, AB Jarzynski, C TI Unbiased estimators for spatial distribution functions of classical fluids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLAUSIUS VIRIAL AB We use a statistical-mechanical identity closely related to the familiar virial theorem, to derive unbiased estimators for spatial distribution functions of classical fluids. In particular, we obtain estimators for both the fluid density rho(r) in the vicinity of a fixed solute and the pair correlation g(r) of a homogeneous classical fluid. We illustrate the utility of our estimators with numerical examples, which reveal advantages over traditional histogram-based methods of computing such distributions. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Adib, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-13,MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM artur@brown.edu; chrisj@lanl.gov RI Jarzynski, Christopher/B-4490-2009 OI Jarzynski, Christopher/0000-0002-3464-2920 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 1 AR 014114 DI 10.1063/1.1829631 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 893DC UT WOS:000226698500016 PM 15638649 ER PT J AU Barnard, AS Zapol, P Curtiss, LA AF Barnard, AS Zapol, P Curtiss, LA TI Modeling the morphology and phase stability of TiO2 nanocrystals in water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID ANATASE-TO-RUTILE; GEL-SOL METHOD; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; PARTICLE-SIZE; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSFORMATION KINETICS; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; TRANSITION AB The potential of titanium dioxide nanoparticles for advanced photochemical applications has prompted a number of studies to analyze the size, phase, and morphology dependent properties. Previously we have used a thermodynamic model of nanoparticles as a function of size and shape to predict the phase stability of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, with particular attention given to the crossover of stability between the anatase and rutile phases. This work has now been extended to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in water, to examine the effects of various adsorption configurations on the equilibrium shape and the phase transition. Density functional calculations have been used to accurately determine surface energies and surface tension of low index hydrated stoichiometric surfaces of anatase and rutile, which are presented along with a brief outline of the surface structure. We have shown that morphology of TiO2 nanocrystals is affected by the presence of water, resulting in variations in the size of the (001) and (001) truncation facets in anatase, and a reduction in the aspect ratio of rutile nanocrystals. Our results also highlight that the consideration of hydrated nanocrystal surfaces is necessary to accurately predict the correct size dependence of the anatase to rutile phase transition. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barnard, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amanda.barnard@anl.gov RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011; Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382; Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 67 TC 142 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1021/ct0499635 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 961TR UT WOS:000231685200014 PM 26641122 ER PT J AU Curran, MA Mann, M Norris, G AF Curran, MA Mann, M Norris, G TI The international workshop on electricity data for life cycle inventories SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE life cycle assessment; inventory; electricity; energy AB A three-day workshop was held in October 2001 to discuss life cycle inventory data for electricity production. Electricity was selected as the topic for discussion since it features very prominently in the LCA results for most product life cycles, yet there is no consistency in how these data are calculated and presented. Approximately 40 people attended all or part of the meeting to discuss issues of data modeling and collection. Attendees included recognized experts in the electricity generation and life cycle assessment fields. Five main topics of discussion were identified before the meeting began: (1) modeling the response of the energy supply system to demand (i.e. marginal versus average data); (2) defining the breadth and width of system boundaries to adequately capture environmental flows and data that are needed for impact modeling; (3) allocating environmental burdens across co-products that come from the same process; (4) modeling new and non-traditional technologies in which the data are highly uncertain; and (5) including transmission and distribution in modeling of electricity generation. Breakout groups addressed the first four topic areas in individual discussion groups and reported the results in a plenary session on the last day of the workshop (it was decided during the meeting to include "transmission and distribution" in other discussions). A key success of the workshop was the creation of the larger network of LCA and electricity production experts which will provide a good foundation for continued discussions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sylvat Inc, N Berwick, ME 03906 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM curran.maryann@epa.gov OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 12 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2005 VL 13 IS 8 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2002.03.001 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910YI UT WOS:000227967700010 ER PT J AU Alia-Klein, N Goldstein, RZ Tomasi, D Cottone, L Fowler, J Wang, GJ Volkow, ND AF Alia-Klein, N Goldstein, RZ Tomasi, D Cottone, L Fowler, J Wang, GJ Volkow, ND TI Role of genotype in cingulate function and inhibitory control: A functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) study SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annnual Meeting of the Cognitive-Neuroscience-Society CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL New York, NY SP Cognit Neurosci Soc C1 NIDA, Med Dept, Brookhaven Natl Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PY 2005 SU S BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 909RP UT WOS:000227878700116 ER PT J AU Leskovjan, A Tomasi, D Zhang, L Cottone, LA Telang, F Caparelli, EC Samaras, D Chang, L Ernst, T Volkow, ND Goldstein, RZ AF Leskovjan, A Tomasi, D Zhang, L Cottone, LA Telang, F Caparelli, EC Samaras, D Chang, L Ernst, T Volkow, ND Goldstein, RZ TI Modulation of neural response in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum by monetary reward and instrumental response on a GO/NO-GO task SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annnual Meeting of the Cognitive-Neuroscience-Society CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL New York, NY SP Cognit Neurosci Soc C1 Stony Brook Univ, Stony Brook, NY USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PY 2005 SU S BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 909RP UT WOS:000227878700128 ER PT J AU Tomer, R Goldstein, RZ Wang, GJ Wong, C Volkow, ND AF Tomer, R Goldstein, RZ Wang, GJ Wong, C Volkow, ND TI Incentive motivation is associated with striatal dopamine asymmetry SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annnual Meeting of the Cognitive-Neuroscience-Society CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL New York, NY SP Cognit Neurosci Soc C1 Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol & Brain, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. Univ Haifa, Behav Ctr, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI tomer, rachel/E-5747-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PY 2005 SU S BP 167 EP 167 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 909RP UT WOS:000227878701095 ER PT J AU Delosh, D Leskovjan, AC Cottone, LA Alia-Klein, N Wong, GJ Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Goldstein, RZ AF Delosh, D Leskovjan, AC Cottone, LA Alia-Klein, N Wong, GJ Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Goldstein, RZ TI Cocaine addiction is associated with impaired learning on the Wisconsin Card Sort Task: Findings in high functioning individuals SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annnual Meeting of the Cognitive-Neuroscience-Society CY APR 09-12, 2005 CL New York, NY SP Cognit Neurosci Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIDA, NIH, Lexington, KY 40583 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PY 2005 SU S BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 909RP UT WOS:000227878701363 ER PT J AU Wang, YC Lakes, RS AF Wang, YC Lakes, RS TI Composites with inclusions of negative bulk modulus: Extreme damping and negative Poisson's ratio SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE stability; viscoelasticity; negative Poisson's ratio; negative modulus ID STIFFNESS PHASE; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; MODEL; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; INDEX AB The effect of a negative bulk modulus phase in elastic composites is studied. Negative bulk modulus K < 0 is shown to be possible in selected unit cells. In isotropic solids, K < 0 can be attained whim negative Poisson's ratio v is sufficiently small, below the stability limit (for stress control) v = -1. Such materials, if used as inclusions, are predicted to be stable with respect to the band formation, even if they are large. Composites with spherical inclusions of negative bulk moduli are shown to exhibit negative Poisson's ratio and anomalies in composite bulk modulus and Young's modulus (and in the corresponding mechanical damping) but not in the shear modulus. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Engn Mech Program, Dept Biomed Engn,Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Rheol Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lakes, RS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Engn Mech Program, Dept Biomed Engn,Mat Sci Program, 147 Engn Res Bldg 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lakes@engr.wisc.edu RI Wang, Yunche/A-4869-2010 NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 1645 EP 1657 DI 10.1177/0021998305051112 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 969GY UT WOS:000232223800003 ER PT J AU Bell, JB Day, MS Grcar, JF Lijewski, MJ AF Bell, JB Day, MS Grcar, JF Lijewski, MJ TI Stochastic algorithms for the analysis of numerical flame simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE reacting flows; computational diagnostics; particle tracking; stochastic ID COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; CONDUCTIVE PROPAGATION; COMPLEX CHEMISTRY; NUCLEAR FLAMES; NITRIC-OXIDE; AIR FLAMES; METHANE; OBSERVABLES; COMBUSTION AB Recent progress in simulation methodologies and high-performance parallel computers have made it is possible to perform detailed simulations of multidimensional reacting flow phenomena using comprehensive kinetics mechanisms. As simulations become larger and more complex, it becomes increasingly difficult to extract useful information from the numerical solution, particularly regarding the interactions of the chemical reaction and diffusion processes. In this paper we present a new diagnostic tool for analysis of numerical simulations of reacting flow. Our approach is based on recasting an Eulerian flow solution in a Lagrangian frame. Unlike a conventional Lagrangian viewpoint that follows the evolution of a volume of the fluid, we instead follow specific chemical elements, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, etc., as they move through the system. From this perspective an "atom" is part of some molecule of a species that is transported through the domain by advection and diffusion. Reactions cause the atom to shift from one chemical host species to another and the subsequent transport of the atom is given by the movement of the new species. We represent these processes using a stochastic particle formulation that treats advection deterministically and models diffusion and chemistry as stochastic processes. In this paper, we discuss the numerical issues in detail and demonstrate that an ensemble of stochastic trajectories can accurately capture key features of the continuum solution. The capabilities of this diagnostic are then demonstrated by applications to study the modulation of carbon chemistry during a vortex-flame interaction, and the role of cyano chemistry in NO, production for a steady diffusion flame. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Mailstop 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbbell@lbl.gov; msday@lbl.gov; jfgrcar@ibl.gov; mjlijewski@lbl.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 202 IS 1 BP 262 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.06.025 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 877NX UT WOS:000225578400012 ER PT J AU Hansen, G Zardecki, A Greening, D Bos, R AF Hansen, G Zardecki, A Greening, D Bos, R TI A finite element method for three-dimensional unstructured grid smoothing SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE finite elements; Galerkin methods; mesh generation; elliptic smoothing ID GENERATION AB The finite element method is applied to grid smoothing in three-dimensional geometry, generalizing earlier results obtained for planar geometry. The underlying set of equations for the Cartesian components of grid coordinates, based on the notion of harmonic coordinates, has a natural variational formulation. To estimate the target metric tensor that drives the elliptic grid equations, the metric tensor components are computed on a coarse-grained grid. Numerical examples illustrating the proposed approach are presented together with results from the smoothness functional, which is used to measure the quality of the resulting grid. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Computat Sci Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Mat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hansen, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Computat Sci Methods Grp, MS F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ghansen@lanl.gov; azz@lanl.gov; dgreening@lanl.gov; rbos@lanl.gov OI Hansen, Glen/0000-0002-1786-9285 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 202 IS 1 BP 281 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.06.026 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 877NX UT WOS:000225578400013 ER PT J AU Reed, EJ Soljacic, M Ibanescu, M Joannopoulos, JD AF Reed, EJ Soljacic, M Ibanescu, M Joannopoulos, JD TI Reversed and anomalous doppler effects in photonic crystals and other time-dependent periodic media SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Doppler effect; photonic crystal; shock wave ID RIGID VIBRATIONS; REFLECTION; LIGHT AB We predict that reversed and anomalous non-relativistic Doppler shifts can be observed under some circumstances when light reflects from a shock wave front propagating through a photonic crystal, or material with a periodic modulation of the dielectric. This theoretical prediction is generalizable and applies to wave-like excitations in a variety of periodic media. An experimental observation of this effect has recently been made (Seddon, N. and Bearpark, T. Science, 302 (2003) 1537) and we provide a brief discussion of this experiment. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM reed23@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s10820-005-8022-9 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 962BI UT WOS:000231705600001 ER PT J AU Yoh, JJ Mcclelland, MA Maienschein, JL Wardell, JF AF Yoh, JJ Mcclelland, MA Maienschein, JL Wardell, JF TI Towards a predictive thermal explosion model for energetic materials SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article DE arbitrarily Lagrangian Eulerian; cookoff; deflagration; high-explosive modeling; multi-materials; PBXN-109; variable mass scaling AB We present an overview of models and computational strategies for simulating the thermal response of high explosives using a multi-physics hydrodynamics code, ALE3D. Recent improvements to the code have aided our computational capability in modeling the behavior of energetic materials systems exposed to strong thermal environments such as fires. We apply these models and computational techniques to a thermal explosion experiment involving the slow heating of a confined explosive. The model includes the transition from slow heating to rapid deflagration in which the time scale decreases from days to hundreds of microseconds. Thermal, mechanical, and chemical effects are modeled during all phases of this process. The heating stage involves thermal expansion and decomposition according to an Arrhenius kinetics model while a pressure-dependent burn model is employed during the explosive phase. We describe and demonstrate the numerical strategies employed to make the transition from slow to fast dynamics. In addition, we investigate the sensitivity of wall expansion rates to numerical strategies and parameters. Results from a one-dimensional model show that violence is influenced by the presence of a gap between the explosive and container. In addition, a comparison is made between 2D model and measured results for the explosion temperature and tube wall expansion profiles. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yoh, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yoh1@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s10820-005-1750-z PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 895BZ UT WOS:000226837200003 ER PT J AU Stapp, H AF Stapp, H TI Commentary on Hodgson SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 1355-8250 J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD JI J. Conscious. Stud. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 895FC UT WOS:000226845300011 ER PT J AU O'Keefe, MA Allard, LF Blom, DA AF O'Keefe, MA Allard, LF Blom, DA TI HRTEM imaging of atoms at sub-angstrom ngstrom resolution SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE sub-angstrom ngstrom; atomic-resolution; high-resolution electron microscopy; focal-series reconstruction; exit-surface wave; software aberration correction ID BEAM LATTICE IMAGES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SPHERICAL-ABERRATION; CRYSTAL-LATTICE; CHARGE-DENSITY; FOURIER IMAGES; OXYGEN; RECONSTRUCTION; ILLUMINATION; STAUROLITE AB John Cowley and his group at Arizona State University pioneered the use of transmission electron microscopy for high-resolution imaging. Images were achieved three decades ago showing the crystal unit cell content at better than 4 angstrom resolution. This achievement enabled researchers to pinpoint the positions of heavy atom columns within the unit cell. Lighter atoms appear as resolution is improved to sub-angstrom ngstrom levels. Currently, advanced microscopes can image the columns of the light atoms (carbon, oxygen, nitrogen) that are present in many complex structures, and even the lithium atoms present in some battery materials. Sub-angstrom ngstrom imaging, initially achieved by focal-series reconstruction of the specimen exit surface wave, will become commonplace for next-generation electron microscopes with C-S-corrected lenses and monochromated electron beams. Resolution can be quantified in terms of peak separation and inter-peak minimum, but the limits imposed on the attainable resolution by the properties of the microscope specimen need to be considered. At extreme resolution the 'size' of atoms can mean that they will not be resolved even when spaced farther apart than the resolution of the microscope. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP O'Keefe, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, MS 2R200,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maok@lbl.gov NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1093/jmicro/dfi036 PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 983FH UT WOS:000233216200005 PM 16123071 ER PT J AU Liliental-Weber, Z Zakharov, DN Yu, KM Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Liliental-Weber, Z Zakharov, DN Yu, KM Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ TI Compositional modulation in InxGa1-xN: TEM and X-ray studies SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE compositional modulation; modulation period; InGaN; TEM; electron diffraction; X-ray; Z-contrast ID OPTICAL BAND-GAP; PHASE-SEPARATION; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; INDIUM NITRIDE; INN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; ALLOYS AB Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to study compositional modulation in InxGa1-x N layers grown with compositions close to miscibility gap. The samples (0.34 < x < 0.8) were deposited by molecular beam epitaxy using either a 200 nm thick AlN or GaN buffer layer grown on a sapphire substrate. Periodic compositional modulation leads to extra electron diffraction spots and satellite reflections in XRD in the theta-2 theta coupled geometry. The ordering period Delta measured along c-axis was about Delta = 45 angstrom for x = 0.5 and Delta = 66 angstrom for x = 0.78 for samples grown on AlN buffer layer. TEM and XRD determinations of Delta were in good agreement. Compositional modulation was not observed for the sample with x = 0.34 grown on a GaN buffer layer. Larger values of Delta were observed for layers with higher In content and for those having larger mismatch with the underlying AlN buffer layer. The possibility that the roughness of the AlN growth surface promotes strong In segregation on particular crystallographic planes leading to compositional modulation is considered. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM z_liliental-weber@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1093/jmicro/dfi033 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 983FH UT WOS:000233216200014 PM 16123056 ER PT J AU Reniers, F Tewell, C AF Reniers, F Tewell, C TI New improvements in energy and spatial (x, y, z) resolution in AES and XPS applications SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Review DE spatial resolution; AES; XPS; energy resolution ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PEAK PARAMETERS ESTIMATION; MEAN FREE PATHS; CYLINDRICAL-MIRROR ANALYZER; LINE RELATIVE INTENSITIES; PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; TARGET-FACTOR-ANALYSIS; DEPTH RESOLUTION; LEAST-SQUARES AB This review presents the recent developments published in the literature about the use of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at high energy or spatial resolution. The past and present improvements due to technology (analysers, excitation source), and to mathematical procedures are described and discussed. New trends in the application of AES and XPS are related. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Free Univ Brussels, Fac Sci Analyt & Interfacial Chem, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tritium Sci & Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reniers, F (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Fac Sci Analyt & Interfacial Chem, CP-255,Bld Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM freniers@ulb.ac.be NR 147 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 142 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.07.004 PG 25 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 890FI UT WOS:000226496700001 ER PT J AU Zhou, XJ Wannberg, B Yang, WL Brouet, V Sun, Z Douglas, JF Dessau, D Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Zhou, XJ Wannberg, B Yang, WL Brouet, V Sun, Z Douglas, JF Dessau, D Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI Space charge effect and mirror charge effect in photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE space charge; mirror charge; photoemission; fermi level shift; fermi level broadening ID METAL-SURFACES; STATES AB We report the observation and systematic investigation of the space charge effect and mirror charge effect in photoemission spectroscopy. When pulsed light is incident on a sample, the photo-emitted electrons experience energy redistribution after escaping from the surface because of the Coulomb interaction between them (space charge effect) and between photo-emitted electrons and the distribution of mirror charges in the sample (mirror charge effect). These combined Coulomb interaction effects give rise to an energy shift and a broadening which can be on the order of 10 meV for a typical third-generation synchrotron light source. This value is comparable to many fundamental physical parameters actively studied by photoemission spectroscopy and should be taken seriously in interpreting photoemission data and in designing next generation experiments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Appl Phys & Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gammadata Scienta AB, SE-75015 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhou, XJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Appl Phys & Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM XJZhou@lbl.gov RI Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063 NR 11 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 142 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.08.004 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 890FI UT WOS:000226496700002 ER PT J AU Matlock, DM Zvanut, ME Wang, HY Dimaio, JR Davis, RF Van Nostrand, JE Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A AF Matlock, DM Zvanut, ME Wang, HY Dimaio, JR Davis, RF Van Nostrand, JE Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A TI The effects of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen annealing on Mg acceptors in GaN as monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); Mg doped; GaN; annealing; hydrogen; oxygen ID P-TYPE GAN; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DOPED GAN; ACTIVATION; COMPENSATION; STABILITY AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used to study the unpassivated Mg-related acceptor in GaN films. As expected, the trends observed before and after O-2, N-2, or forming-gas anneals at temperatures <800degreesC are similar to those typically reported for electrical measurements. However, annealing at temperatures >850degreesC in O-2 or N-2 permanently removes the signal, contrary to the results of conductivity measurements. Approximately 10(19) cm(-3) Mg acceptors were detected in some GaN films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) before acceptor activation, suggesting that it is possible to have electrically active Mg in as-grown CVD material. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Matlock, DM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mezvanut@uab.edu RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0177-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 892EX UT WOS:000226633900006 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Gilardi, R AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Gilardi, R TI Preparation and explosive properties of tetraamminebis(3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolato-N-1) copper(II) SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE energetic coordination compounds; 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate; copper(II) ID COMPLEXES AB The synthesis of tetraamminebis(3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolato-N-1) copper(II) is reported along with its physical and sensitivity properties as well as crystal structure. In addition, the detonation velocity and CJ pressure have been determined at 0.5 inch diameter. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX-2 Mat Dynam,MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1080/07370650590920269 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 961QV UT WOS:000231677800002 ER PT J AU Straub, DL Casleton, KH Lewis, RE Sidwell, TG Maloney, DJ Richards, GA AF Straub, DL Casleton, KH Lewis, RE Sidwell, TG Maloney, DJ Richards, GA TI Assessment of ribh-burn, quick-mix, lean-burn trapped vortex combustor for stationary gas turbines SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA AB This paper describes the evaluation of an alternative combustion approach to achieve low emissions for a wide range of fuel types. This approach combines the potential advantages of a staged rich-burn, quick-mix, lean-burn (RQL) combustor with the revolutionary trapped vortex combustor (TVC) concept. Although RQL combustors have been proposed for low-Btu fuels, this paper considers the application of an RQL combustor for high-Btu natural gas applications. This paper will describe the RQL/TVC concept and experimental results conducted at 10 atm (1013 kPa or 147 psia) and an inlet-air temperature of 644 K (700degreesF). The results from a simple network reactor model using detailed kinetics are compared to the experimental observations. Neglecting mixing limitations, the simplified model suggests that NOx and CO performance below 10 parts per million could be achieved in an RQL approach. The CO levels predicted by the model are reasonably close to the experimental results over a wide range of operating conditions. The predicted NOx levels are reasonably close for some operating conditions; however as the rich-stage equivalence ratio increases, the discrepancy between the experiment and the model increases. Mixing limitations are critical in any RQL combustor and the mixing limitations,for this RQL/TVC design are discussed. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Straub, DL (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1115/1.1789152 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 900PS UT WOS:000227227400005 ER PT J AU Benson, K Thornton, JD Straub, DL Huckaby, ED Richards, GA AF Benson, K Thornton, JD Straub, DL Huckaby, ED Richards, GA TI Flame ionization sensor integrated into a gas turbine fuel nozzle SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA ID COMBUSTION; IONS AB Recent advances in lean premix gas turbine combustion have focused primarily on increasing thermodynamic efficiency, reducing emissions, and minimizing combustion dynamics. The practical limitation on increasing efficiency at lower emissions is the onset of combustion instability, which is known to occur near the lean flammability limit. In a laboratory environment there are many sensors available that provide the combustion engineer with adequate information about flame stability, but those sensors are generally too expensive or unreliable for widespread application in the field. As a consequence, engines must be commissioned in the field with adequate stability margin such that normally expected component wear, fuel quality, and environmental conditions will not cause the turbine to experience unstable combustion. Woodward Industrial Controls, in cooperation with the National Energy Technology Laboratory, is developing a novel combustion sensor that is integrated into the fuel nozzle such that low cost and long life are achieved. The sensor monitors flame ionization, which is indicative of air-fuel ratio and most importantly flame stability. C1 Woodward Ind Controls, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Benson, K (reprint author), Woodward Ind Controls, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM kbenso@woodward.com; jthorn@netl.doe.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1115/1.1788686 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 900PS UT WOS:000227227400006 ER PT J AU Liese, EA Gemmen, RS AF Liese, EA Gemmen, RS TI Performance comparison of internal reforming against external reforming in a solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine hybrid system SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA AB Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) developers are presently considering both internal and external reforming fuel cell designs. Generally, the endothermic reforming reaction and excess air through the cathode provide the cooling needed to remove waste heat from the fuel cell. Current information suggests that external reforming fuel cells will require a flow rate twice the amount necessary for internal reforming fuel cells. The increased airflow could negatively impact system performance. This paper compares the performance among various external reforming hybrid configurations and an internal reforming hybrid configuration. A system configuration that uses the reformer to cool a cathode recycle stream is introduced, and a system that uses interstage external reforming is proposed. Results show that the thermodynamic performance of these proposed concepts are an improvement over a base-concept external approach, and can be better than an internal reforming hybrid system, depending on the fuel cell cooling requirements. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Liese, EA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM eric.liese@netl.doe.gov NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1115/1.1788689 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 900PS UT WOS:000227227400012 ER PT J AU Pickett, LM Siebers, DL AF Pickett, LM Siebers, DL TI Orifice diameter effects on diesel fuel jet flame structure SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION FLAMES AB The effects of orifice diameter on several aspects of diesel fuel jet flame structure were investigated in a constant-volume combustion vessel under heavy-duty direct-injection (DI) diesel engine conditions using Phillips research grade #2 diesel fuel and orifice diameters ranging from 45 mum to 180 mum. The overallflame structure was visualized with time-averaged OH chemiluminescence and soot luminosity images acquired during the quasi-steady portion of the diesel combustion event that occurs after the transient pre-mixed burn is completed and the flame length is established. The lift-off length, defined as the farthest upstream location of high-temperature combustion, and the flame length were determined from the OH chemiluminescence images. In addition, relative changes in the amount of soot formed for various conditions were determined from the soot incandescence images. Combined with previous investigations of liquid-phase fuel penetration and spray development, the results show that air entrainment upstream of the lift-off length (relative to the amount of fuel injected) is very sensitive to orifice diameter As orifice diameter decreases, the relative air entrainment upstream of the lift-off length increases significantly. The increased relative air entrainment results in a reduced overall average equivalence ratio in the fuel jet at the lift-off length and reduced soot luminosity downstream of the lift-off length. The reduced soot luminosity indicates that the amount of soot formed relative to the amount of fuel injected decreases with orifice diameter The flame lengths determined from the images agree well with gas jet theory for momentum-driven nonpremixed turbulent flames. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1760525] C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pickett, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM impicke@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1115/1.1760525 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 900PS UT WOS:000227227400023 ER PT J AU Peralta, P Dickerson, R Dellan, N Komandur, K Jameel, MA AF Peralta, P Dickerson, R Dellan, N Komandur, K Jameel, MA TI Effects of local grain orientation on fatigue crack growth in multicrystalline fcc metallic materials SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Fatigue of Advanced Materials CY NOV, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP ASME ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CONSTANT STRAIN AMPLITUDE; CYCLIC DEFORMATION; ELASTIC STRESSES; TWIN BOUNDARIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; SLIP PROCESSES; PROPAGATION; INITIATION; BICRYSTALS AB The anomalous behavior of microstructurally "short" cracks that can control fatigue life at very high cycles can be attributed to the local conditions around these cracks, since the length scale involved requires the consideration of anisotropic material behavior and the effect of changes in grain orientation as the crack grows. The effect of local crystallography was studied in multicrystalline Compact-Tension (CT) specimens of pure nickel and a cast Ni-based superalloy. Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) was used to map the crystallography of the grains ahead of the notch. A standard fatigue crack growth test was then carried out to characterize the crack path in relation to the grain orientations. Two extreme cases were identified: at one end cracks grew with small deviations through all the grains ahead of it, whereas at the other end large deflections from a path perpendicular to the applied load were observed. Intergranular cracks were found to prefer high angle boundaries, whereas transgranular cracks had a tendency to nucleate and display stage I growth along slip traces of systems with high Schmid factors, as determined by the uniaxial conditions expected at the notch tips. In addition, crack path tortuosity was more pronounced in grains with loading axes close to < 111 >. Finally, the influence of changes on slip geometry as cracks moved across grain boundaries is also discussed. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Honeywell Engines & Syst, Phoenix, AZ 85044 USA. RP Peralta, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1115/1.1836768 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 908LS UT WOS:000227789100005 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Keane, M Ensell, M Miller, W Kashon, M Ong, TM Mauderly, J Lawson, D Gautam, M Zielinska, B Whitney, K Eberhardt, J Wallace, W AF Liu, YQ Keane, M Ensell, M Miller, W Kashon, M Ong, TM Mauderly, J Lawson, D Gautam, M Zielinska, B Whitney, K Eberhardt, J Wallace, W TI In vitro genotoxicity of exhaust emissions of diesel and gasoline engine vehicles operated on a unified driving cycle SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SHORT-TERM BIOASSAYS; LUNG-CANCER; TRUCKING INDUSTRY; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; RAILROAD WORKERS; MUTAGENICITY; PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE; RATS AB Acetone extracts of engine exhaust particulate matter (PM) and of vapor-phase semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) collected from a set of 1998-2000 model year normal emitter diesel engine automobile or light trucks and from a set of 1982-1996 normal emitter gasoline engine automobiles or light trucks operated on the California Unified Driving Cycle at 22 degreesC were assayed for in vitro genotoxic activities. Gasoline and diesel PM were comparably positive mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium strains YG1024 and YG1029 on a mass of PM extract basis with diesel higher on a mileage basis; gasoline SVOC was more active than diesel on an extracted-mass basis, with diesel SVOC more active on a mileage basis. For chromosomal damage indicated by micronucleus induction in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells), diesel PM expressed about one-tenth that of gasoline PM on a mass of extract basis, but was comparably active on a mileage basis; diesel SVOC was inactive. For DNA damage in V79 cells indicated by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, gasoline PM was positive while diesel PM was active at the higher doses; gasoline SVOC was active with toxicity preventing measurement at high doses, while diesel SVOC was inactive at all but the highest dose. C1 NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. W Virginia Univ, Coll Engn & Mineral Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. US DOE, Off FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technol, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Keane, M (reprint author), NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mjkeane@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1039/b407375d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 896IB UT WOS:000226926700013 PM 15614403 ER PT J AU Bastian, RK Bachmaier, JT Schmidt, DW Salomon, SN Jones, A Chiu, WA Setlow, LW Wolbarst, AB Yu, C Goodman, J Lenhart, T AF Bastian, RK Bachmaier, JT Schmidt, DW Salomon, SN Jones, A Chiu, WA Setlow, LW Wolbarst, AB Yu, C Goodman, J Lenhart, T TI Radioactive materials in biosolids: National survey, dose modeling, and publicly owned treatment works (POTW) guidance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Land Application CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL AB The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) announced the availability of three new documents concerning radioactive materials in sewage sludge and ash from publicly owned treatment works (POTW). One of the documents is a report presenting the results of a volunteer survey of sewage sludge and ash samples provided by 313 POTWs. The second document is a dose modeling document, using multiple exposure pathway modeling focused on a series of generic scenarios, to track possible exposure of POTW workers and members of the general public to radioactivity from the sewage sludge or ash. The third document is a guidance report providing recommendations on the management of radioactivity in sewage sludge and ash for POTW owners and operators. This pap er explains how radioactive materials enter POTWs, provides criteria for evaluating levels of radioactive material in sludge and ash, and gives a summary of the results of the survey and dose modeling efforts. C1 US EPA, Off Wastewater Management 4204M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, NMSS, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, OSTP, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, RES, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, EA Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Radiat, Bur Environm Radiat, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NE Ohio Reg Sewer Dist, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Bastian, RK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Wastewater Management 4204M, Room 7220B,EPA EAST,1200 Pennsylvania Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bastian.robert@epa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889FF UT WOS:000226428200006 PM 15647535 ER PT J AU Thiessen, KM Napier, BA Filistovic, V Homma, T Kanyar, B Krajewski, P Kryshev, AI Nedveckaite, T Nenyei, A Sazykina, TG Tveten, U Sjoblom, KL Robinson, C AF Thiessen, KM Napier, BA Filistovic, V Homma, T Kanyar, B Krajewski, P Kryshev, AI Nedveckaite, T Nenyei, A Sazykina, TG Tveten, U Sjoblom, KL Robinson, C TI Model testing using data on I-131 released from Hanford SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE iodine-131; model testing; dose reconstruction; Hanford AB The Hanford test scenario described an accidental release of I-131 to the environment from the Hanford Purex Chemical Separations Plant in September 1963. Based on monitoring data collected after the release, this scenario was used by the Dose Reconstruction Working Group of BIOMASS to test models typically used in dose reconstructions. The primary exposure pathway in terms of contribution to human doses was ingestion of contaminated milk and vegetables. Predicted mean doses to the thyroid of reference individuals from ingestion of I-131 ranged from 0.0001 to 0.8 mSv. For one location, predicted doses to the thyroids of two children with high milk consumption ranged from 0.006 to 2 mSv. The predicted deposition at any given location varied among participants by a factor of 5-80. The exercise provided an opportunity for comparison of assessment methods and conceptual approaches, testing model predictions against measurements, and identifying the most important contributors to uncertainty in the assessment result. Key factors affecting predictions included the approach to handling incomplete data, interpretation of input information, selection of parameter values, adjustment of models for site-specific conditions, and treatment of uncertainties. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SENES Oak Ridge Inc, Ctr Risk Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lithuania Acad Sci, Inst Phys, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Veszprem, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. Cent Lab Radiol Protect, PL-03194 Warsaw, Poland. SPA Typhoon, Inst Expt Meteorol, Obninsk 249020, Russia. Paks Nucl Power Plant Ltd, H-7031 Paks, Hungary. Inst Energy Technol, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, FIN-00801 Helsinki, Finland. IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Thiessen, KM (reprint author), SENES Oak Ridge Inc, Ctr Risk Anal, 102 Donner Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM kmt@senes.com OI Thiessen, Kathleen/0000-0002-5564-7499 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R32/CCR416742] NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 84 IS 2 BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.043 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980KW UT WOS:000233018400006 PM 15975695 ER PT J AU Sweeck, L Kanyar, B Krajewski, P Kryshev, A Lietava, P Nenyei, A Sazykina, T Yu, C Zeevaert, T AF Sweeck, L Kanyar, B Krajewski, P Kryshev, A Lietava, P Nenyei, A Sazykina, T Yu, C Zeevaert, T TI Model testing for the remediation assessment of a radium contaminated site in Olen, Belgium SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE remediation; biosphere; modelling; radium AB Environmental assessment models are used as decision-aiding tools in the selection of remediation options for radioactively contaminated sites. In most cases, the effectiveness of the remedial actions in terms of dose savings cannot be demonstrated directly, but can be established with the help of environmental assessment models, through the assessment of future radiological impacts. It should be emphasized that, given the complexity of the processes involved and our current understanding of how they operate, these models are simplified descriptions of the behaviour of radionuclides in the environment and therefore imperfect. One way of testing and improving the reliability of the models is to compare their predictions with real data and/or the predictions of other models. Within the framework of the Remediation Assessment Working Group (RAWG) of the BIOMASS (BlOsphere Modelling and ASSessment) programme coordinated by IAEA, two scenarios were constructed and applied to test the reliability of environmental assessment models when remedial actions are involved. As a test site, an area of approximately 100 ha contaminated by the discharges of an old radium extraction plant in Olen (Belgium) has been considered. In the first scenario, a real situation was evaluated and model predictions were compared with measured data. In the second scenario the model predictions for specific hypothetical but realistic situations were compared. Most of the biosphere models were not developed to assess the performance of remedial actions and had to be modified for this purpose. It was demonstrated clearly that the modeller's experience and familiarity with the mathematical model, the site and with the scenario play a very important role in the outcome of the model calculations. More model testing studies, preferably for real situations, are needed in order to improve the models and modelling methods and to expand the areas in which the models are applicable. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CEN SCK, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Univ Veszprem, H-8201 Veszprem, Hungary. Cent Lab Radiol Protect, PL-03194 Warsaw, Poland. SPA Typhoon, Obninsk 249020, Russia. State Off Nucl Safety, CZ-11000 Prague, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sweeck, L (reprint author), CEN SCK, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM lsweeck@sckcen.be NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 84 IS 2 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.02.002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980KW UT WOS:000233018400008 PM 15978706 ER PT J AU Golubev, AV Golubeva, VN Krylov, NG Kuznetsova, VF Mavrin, SV Aleinikov, AY Hoppes, WG Surano, KA AF Golubev, AV Golubeva, VN Krylov, NG Kuznetsova, VF Mavrin, SV Aleinikov, AY Hoppes, WG Surano, KA TI On monitoring anthropogenic airborne uranium concentrations and U-235/U-238 isotopic ratio by Lichen - bio-indicator technique SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE atmosphere; bio-monitor; contamination; lichens; radionuclides; uranium ID CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; CS-137; RADIONUCLIDES; BIOMONITORS; RADIOCESIUM AB Lichens are widely used to assess the atmospheric pollution by heavy metals and radionuclides. However, few studies are available in publications on using lichens to qualitatively assess the atmospheric pollution levels. The paper presents research results applying epiphytic lichens as bio-monitors of quantitative atmospheric contamination with uranium. The observations were conducted during 2.5 years in the natural environment. Two experimental sites were used: one in the vicinity of a uranium contamination source, the other one - at a sufficient distance away to represent the background conditions. Air and lichens were sampled at both sites monthly. Epiphytic lichens Hypogimnia physodes were used as bio-indicators. Lichen samples were taken from various trees at about 1.5 m from the ground. Air was sampled with filters at sampling stations. The uranium content in lichen and air samples as well as isotopic mass ratios U-235/U-238 were measured by mass-spectrometer technique after uranium pre-extraction. Measured content of uranium were 1.45 mg kg(-1) in lichen at 2.09E-04 mu g m(-3) in air and 0.106 mg kg(-1) in lichen at 1.13E-05 mu g m(-3) in air. C1 Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, VNIIEF, Sarov 607188, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Golubev, AV (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, VNIIEF, Pr Mira,37, Sarov 607188, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. EM avg@dc.vniief.ru NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 84 IS 3 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.04.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 991BE UT WOS:000233786300003 PM 16083999 ER PT J AU Fuhrmann, M Lanzirotti, A AF Fuhrmann, M Lanzirotti, A TI Am-241, Cs-137, Sr and Pb uptake by tobacco as influenced by application of Fe chelators to soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; Sr; Am-241; Pb; Fe; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; tobacco; phytoremediation ID CONTAMINATED SOIL; INDIAN MUSTARD; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PLANTS; PHYTOEXTRACTION; ACCUMULATION; RADIOCESIUM; CESIUM-137; MECHANISMS; ROOTS AB To determine the potential for phytoextraction of Am-241 and other contaminants from soil, accumulation of Am-241, Cs-137, Sr, Fe, Al, Pb, and Mg by tobacco was determined for soil applications of two concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and ascorbic acid. In tobacco receiving EDTA at 3.1 mmol/kg of Soil, Am-241 content of plants averaged 15 Bq/kg (ranging up to 26 Bq/kg) while Fe concentrations became constant at 4.5 mmol/kg. Soil treatment with 18.8 mmol/kg EDTA resulted in average Am-241 concentrations of 29 Bq/kg (19 times higher than controls). Uptake of Pb was similar to Am-241. In these samples, Fe increased to a maximum of almost 18 mmol/kg and Am-241 content increased linearly with both Fe and Al. Plants receiving ascorbic and citric acids took up smaller quantities of Am-241, Pb, and Fe, even though these reagents were able to elute about as much Fe from the soil as EDTA. Synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) was used to determine radial distributions of elements in roots and stems with and without EDTA treatment. SXRF maps indicate differences in behavior between Fe and Pb that are consistent with the bulk plant observations and provide insight into changes in metal content of the roots in the presence of EDTA. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Chicago, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fuhrmann, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 830,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fuhrmann@bnl.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 33 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.11.006 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927NE UT WOS:000229199800004 PM 15829335 ER PT J AU Kelsey-Wall, A Seaman, JC Jagoe, CH Dallas, CE Gaines, KF AF Kelsey-Wall, A Seaman, JC Jagoe, CH Dallas, CE Gaines, KF TI Rodents as receptor species at a tritium disposal site SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE tritium; tritium oxide; rodent; Peromyscus gossypinus; Savannah River Site; irrigation; tritium disposal; precipitation ID TRITIATED-WATER HTO; SMALL MAMMALS; MICE; RADIATION; CADMIUM AB New methods are being employed on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site to deal with the disposal of tritium, including the irrigation of a hardwood/pine forest with tritiated water from an intercepted contaminant plume to reduce concentrations of tritium outcropping into Fourmile Branch, a tributary of the Savannah River. The use of this system has proven to be an effective means of tritium disposal. To evaluate the impact of this activity on terrestrial biota, rodent species were captured on the tritium disposal site and a control site during two trapping seasons in order to assess tritium exposure resulting from the forest irrigation. Control site mice had background levels of tritium, 0.02 Bq/mL, with disposal site mice having significantly higher tritium concentrations, mean = 34.86 Bq/mL. Whole body tritium concentrations of the mice captured at the disposal site were positively correlated with tritium application and negatively correlated with precipitation at the site. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ S Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. RP Seaman, JC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM kelsey-wall@srel.edu; seaman@srel.edu; jagoe@srel.edu; cdallas@mail.rx.uga.edu; kfgaines@usd.edu OI Kennedy, Angel/0000-0002-3491-6901 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.01.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927NE UT WOS:000229199800008 PM 15829339 ER PT J AU Chen, SB Zhu, YG Hu, QH AF Chen, SB Zhu, YG Hu, QH TI Soil to plant transfer of U-238 Ra-226 and Th-232 on a uranium mining-impacted soil from southeastern China SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE uranium; thorium; radium; tailings-contaminated soil; soil-plant transfer ID SERIES RADIONUCLIDES; PB-210 AB Both soil and plant samples of nine different plant species grown in soils from southeastern China contaminated with uranium mine tailings were analyzed for the plant uptake and translocation of U-238, Ra-226 and Th-232. Substantial differences were observed in the soil-plant transfer factor (TF) among these radionuclides and plant species. Lupine (Lupinus albus) exhibited the highest uptake of U-238 (TF value of 3.7 x 10(-2)), while Chinese mustard (Brassica chinensis) had the least (0.5 x 10(-2)). However, in the case of Ra-226 and Th-232, the highest TFs were observed for white clover (Trifolium pratense) (3.4 x 10(-2)) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (2.1 x 10(-3)), respectively. Th-232 in the tailings/soil mixture was less available for plant uptake than Ra-226 or U-238 and this was especially evident for Chinese mustard and corn (Zea mays). The root/shoot (R/S) ratios obtained for different plants and radionuclides shown that Indian mustard had the smallest R/S ratios for both Ra-226 (5.3 +/- 1.2) and Th-212 (5.3 +/- 1.7), while the smallest R/S ratio for U-238 was observed in clover (2.8 +/- 0.9). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Nat Resources & Reg Planning, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zhu, YG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM ygzhu@mail.rcees.ac.cn RI Hu, Qinhong/C-3096-2009; Zhu, Yong-Guan/A-1412-2009 OI Hu, Qinhong/0000-0002-4782-319X; Zhu, Yong-Guan/0000-0003-3861-8482 NR 25 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 82 IS 2 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.01.009 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930WW UT WOS:000229448800006 PM 15878419 ER PT J AU Povinec, PP Aarkrog, A Buesseler, KO Delfanti, R Hirose, K Hong, GH Ito, T Livingston, HD Nies, H Noshkin, VE Shima, S Togawa, O AF Povinec, PP Aarkrog, A Buesseler, KO Delfanti, R Hirose, K Hong, GH Ito, T Livingston, HD Nies, H Noshkin, VE Shima, S Togawa, O TI (90)Sr, (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu concentration surface water time series in the Pacific and Indian Oceans - WOMARS results SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radionuclides; strontium-90; caesium-137; plutonium-239,240; surface water; time series; Pacific Ocean; Indian Ocean; Southern Ocean ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ANTHROPOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES; FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDES; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; GEOSECS STATIONS; JAPAN SEA; DISTRIBUTIONS; PLUTONIUM; SEAWATER; EXPEDITION AB Under an IAEA's Co-ordinated Research Project "Worldwide Marine Radioactivity Studies (WOMARS)" (90)Sr, (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu concentration surface water time series in the Pacific and Indian Oceans have been investigated. The Pacific and Indian Oceans were divided into 17 latitudinal boxes according to ocean circulation, global fallout patterns and the location of nuclear weapons test sites. The present levels and time trends in radionuclide concentrations in surface water for each box were studied and the corresponding effective half-lives were estimated. For the year 2000, the estimated average (90)Sr, (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu concentrations in surface waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans varied from 0.1 to 1.5 mBq/ L, 0.1 to 2.8 mBq/L, and 0.1 to 5.2 mu Bq/L, respectively. The mean effective half-lives for 90Sr and (137)Cs in surface water were 12 +/- 1 years for the North, 20 +/- 1 years for the South and 21 +/- 2 years for the Equatorial Pacific. For (239,240)Pu the corresponding mean effective half-lives were 7 +/- 1 years for the North, 12 +/- 4 years for the South and 10 +/- 2 years for the Equatorial Pacific. For the Indian Ocean the mean effective half-lives of (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu were 21 +/- 2 years and 9 +/- 1 years, respectively. There is evidence that fallout removal rates before 1970 were faster than those observed during recent decades. The estimated surface water concentrations of (90)Sr, (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu in latitudinal belts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans for the year 2000 may be used as the average levels so that any new contribution from nuclear facilities, nuclear weapons test sites, radioactive waste dumping sites and from possible nuclear accidents can be identified. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IAEA, Marine Environm Lab, MC-98000 Monte Carlo, Monaco. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. ENEA, Marine Environm Res Ctr, I-19100 La Spezia, Italy. Meteorol Res Inst, Geochem Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. Korean Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Fed Maritime & Hydrog Agcy, Marine Chem Lab, Hamburg, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Japan Marine Sci Fdn, Mutsu Marine Lab, Mutsu, Aomori 0350064, Japan. RP Povinec, PP (reprint author), IAEA, Marine Environm Lab, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000 Monte Carlo, Monaco. EM p.povinec@iaea.org OI Povinec, Pavel/0000-0003-0275-794X NR 47 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 63 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.12.003 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 920UB UT WOS:000228714500007 PM 15748662 ER PT J AU Paller, MH Fletcher, DE Jones, T Dyer, SA Isely, JJ Littrell, JW AF Paller, MH Fletcher, DE Jones, T Dyer, SA Isely, JJ Littrell, JW TI Potential of largemouth bass as vectors of Cs-137 dispersal SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE largemouth bass; Cs-137; cesium; telemetry; migration; dispersal; Savannah River; fish ID SAVANNA RIVER SITE; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; STREAM FISH; HOME RANGE; RADIOCESIUM; POPULATION; TROUT AB We conducted a radio telemetry study on the movements of potentially contaminated largemouth bass between Steel Creek, a restricted access Cs-137 contaminated stream on the Savannah River Site (located in South Carolina, USA), and the publicly accessible Savannah River. Largemouth bass were relatively mobile in lower Steel Creek and the portion of the Savannah River near Steel Creek, and there was considerable movement between these two habitats. Largemouth bass had home ranges of about 500 linear meters of shoreline in the Savannah River but sometimes moved long distances. Such movements occurred primarily during the spawning season, largely upstream, and increased when water levels were changing or elevated. However, approximately 90% of the largemouth bass observations were within 10 km of Steel Creek. The total quantity Of Cs-137 transported into the Savannah River by largemouth bass was much less than transported by water and suspended sediments discharged from Steel Creek. We conclude that largemouth bass from the Savannah River Site are unlikely to be responsible for long distance dispersal of substantial radiological contamination in the Savannah River. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, SGCP Risk Assessment, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, SGCP Geochem Monitoring, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Paller, MH (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Bldg 773-42A,Savannah, River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM michael.paller@srs.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jenvard.2004.08.012 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902PF UT WOS:000227368300002 PM 15653185 ER PT J AU Pinder, JE Hinton, TG Whicker, FW AF Pinder, JE Hinton, TG Whicker, FW TI The influence of a whole-lake addition of stable cesium on the remobilization of aged (CS)-C-137 in a contaminated reservoir SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE (CS)-C-137; Cs-133; reservoir; water column; sediments; macrophytes; remobilization; Typha latifolia; Nymphaea odorata ID REACTOR COOLING RESERVOIR; CHERNOBYL CS-137; WATER; SEDIMENTS; RADIOCESIUM; SORPTION; MOBILIZATION; MACROPHYTES; DESORPTION; RETENTION AB To document the short-term dynamics of Cs, 4 kg of Cs-133 were introduced into an 11.4-ha, 157 000 m(3) reservoir previously contaminated with (CS)-C-137 from past reactor operations at the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina, USA. The Cs-133 addition resulted in an increase of 6.1 MBq of Cs-137 (1.9 mug (CS)-C-137) in the water column over the following 260 days. Possible sources for the increased Cs-137 included (1) release from the sediments, (2) release from the approximately 26 000 kg of aquatic macrophytes that occupied 80% of the reservoir, and (3) wash-in from the pond's watershed. Data are presented to indicate that release from the sediments was the principal source of the Cs-137 increase. The fraction of Cs-137 released from the sediments (0.7%) is consistent with laboratory measurements of Cs-137 desorption from neighboring ponds on the Savannah River Site. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pinder, JE (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. EM john.pinder@colostate.edu; thinton@srel.edu NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 80 IS 2 BP 225 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.09.003 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903FL UT WOS:000227410900007 PM 15701385 ER PT J AU Hinton, TG Coughlin, DP Yi, Y Marsh, LC AF Hinton, TG Coughlin, DP Yi, Y Marsh, LC TI Low dose rate irradiation facility: initial study on chronic exposures to medaka (vol 74, pg 43, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. EM thinton@srel.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2 BP 231 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.10.001 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 891BF UT WOS:000226555600011 ER PT J AU Zartarian, V Bahadori, T McKone, T AF Zartarian, V Bahadori, T McKone, T TI Adoption of an official ISEA glossary SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE terminology; glossary; nomenclature; IPCS; ISEA; harmonization AB The International Society for Exposure Analysis (ISEA) and its Nomenclature Committee have been involved since the mid-1990s in an intermittent but ongoing effort to develop an official ISEA glossary. Several related activities have stimulated greater interest and discussion nationally and internationally on a common exposure language. Among these activites are a 1997 Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology feature article on exposure and dose definitions and a 1999-initiated project of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (WHO/ILO/UNEP) to confront terminology issues hindering harmonization in the area of exposure assessment. Recently, the ISEA members voted in support of adopting the IPCS glossary as the official ISEA glossary, and the ISEA Executive Board agreed to accept this recommendation. In this feature article, we ( 1) describe the process through which the ISEA adopted the IPCS glossary as the official ISEA glossary, (2) present the joint IPCS/ISEA glossary of terms and their definitions, and (3) discuss plans for how the glossary can be used by ISEA and updated over time by ISEA and IPCS. The glossary is intended to be a living document that reflects the latest usage and maintains international harmonization of exposure terminology that can be practically applied to improve communication in exposure and related fields. C1 US EPA, Boston, MA USA. Amer Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Zartarian, V (reprint author), 1 Congress St,Suite 1100,Mailcode CAP, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM zartarian.valerie@epa.gov NR 7 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500411 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 884ZO UT WOS:000226125400001 PM 15562291 ER PT J AU Chumbley, LS Laabs, FC AF Chumbley, LS Laabs, FC TI Analysis of explosive damage in metals using orientation imaging microscopy SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; orientation imaging microscopy; explosive damage; pressure wave; texture ID SUBSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION AB The goal of this project was to determine whether quantitative information concerning the size and nature of an explosive blast could be determined using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) to analyze the texture of blast-affected metal. Selected 10 18 steel and 2024 aluminum samples were subjected to various explosive blasts chosen to simulate a wide range of possible pressure waves. The explosives used were PBX 9404, Comp-C4, Gelmax, and Bullseye. The explosive tests were carried out at Sandia National Laboratory, and the OIM analysis was conducted at Ames Laboratory. It was discovered that while suitable patterns could be obtained from the steel samples, the oxide layer present on the surface of the aluminum samples prevented these samples from being studied. The results of the OIM studies on the steel samples indicate that damage can be tracked using OIM imaging and that Comp-C4 seems to produce patterns significantly different than the other explosives. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chumbley, LS (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, 214 Wilhelm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 885WG UT WOS:000226187400014 PM 15831003 ER PT J AU Andresen, BD Alcaraz, A Grant, PM AF Andresen, BD Alcaraz, A Grant, PM TI Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) isolation and identification in aged autopsy tissues and fluids SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; aged exhumation tissues; Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon); gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS); solid-phase extraction (SPE); liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (mu HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUANTITATION; PLASMA; SERUM AB The isolation and detection of pancuronium bromide was developed for aged autopsy samples to identify and confirm this compound in questioned tissue samples. A novel protocol was optimized for the isolation of the target drug in highly decomposed tissues. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges containing styrene-divinylbenzene were investigated. This polymer retained quaternary drugs and facilitated sequential elution upon washing with commonly available solvents. The semi-purified SPE samples were prescreened by pyrolysis GC-MS. A candidate specimen was then confirmed by microbore high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray-ionization/mass spectrometry (muHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The developed procedures provided a qualitative or semiquantitative (at best) basis for the investigation of difficult cases involving overdoses of polar drugs. C1 Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grant, PM (reprint author), Forens Sci Ctr, LLNL,L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM patgrant@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 196 EP 203 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 885WG UT WOS:000226187400030 PM 15831019 ER PT J AU Andresen, BD Alcaraz, A Grant, PM AF Andresen, BD Alcaraz, A Grant, PM TI The application of pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) forensic analyses to tissue samples from an "Angel of death" investigation SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; aged exhumation tissues; pancuronium bromide (Pavulon); GC/MS; solid-phase extraction (SPE); liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ES-MS/MS); Angel of Death AB The case report of a serial killer who worked at several hospitals as a respiratory therapist is presented. The suspect was initially labeled a benevolent Angel of Death who ended the suffering of elderly patients through mercy killing. However, his subsequently declared motive for homicide was very different from other similar cases in medical settings. The application of new analysis techniques for the detection of pancuronium bromide in a series of aged exhumation tissues gave positive results and led to the resultant conviction of the therapist. C1 LLNL, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grant, PM (reprint author), LLNL, Forens Sci Ctr, L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM patgrant@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 885WG UT WOS:000226187400033 PM 15831022 ER PT J AU Andresen, BD Grant, PM McKillop, J AF Andresen, BD Grant, PM McKillop, J TI Proposed pharmaceutical regulations for skeletal muscle depolarization drugs SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Letter C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Scu Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Andresen, BD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 885WG UT WOS:000226187400046 PM 15831035 ER PT J AU Reidel, SP AF Reidel, SP TI A lava flow without a source: The cohassett flow and its compositional components, Sentinel Bluffs Member, Columbia River Basalt Group SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRANDE-RONDE-BASALT; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; OREGON; STRATIGRAPHY; PAHOEHOE; PLATEAU; GENESIS; EMPLACEMENT; CONSTRAINTS; ORIGIN AB The eruption of Sentinel Bluffs Member lava flows at approximately 15.5 Ma marked the end of Grande Ronde Basalt volcanism, the most voluminous period of the Columbia River Basalt Group. More than 10,000 km(3) of lava erupted from northerly trending feeder dikes in eastern Washington and northern Oregon and flowed westward down an ancestral paleoslope covering more than 169,700 km(2) of the flood-basalt province. The Sentinel Bluffs Member consists of six phases or types defined by their compositions. Lava flows having the first compositional type were the most voluminous and reached the Pacific Ocean. The volume of later lava flows having the other compositional types declined with time until the final eruption produced the second-largest volume of basalt. At the source area, compositional variation in Sentinel Bluffs lava flows is relatively small. This homogeneity allows the individual compositional types and, thus, phases of the eruption to be easily recognized. Farther west, however, compositional heterogeneity increases with several compositional types occurring in individual lava flows. The Cohassett flow has more compositional heterogeneity than any Sentinel Bluffs Member lava flow. It is interpreted to be a local lava flow that formed as one compositional type after another was injected into the first and inflated it to form a lava flow with compositional zoning reflecting the sequence of eruptions. The compositions of the layers remain intact except for mixing along their contacts. Thin vesicular horizons separate compositional layers in the upper part of the lava flow but not in the lower part. A thick vesicular horizon called the interior vesicular zone marks the boundary between the last two compositional types to be injected. Other Sentinel Bluffs flows appear to have formed in a similar way. The compositional types and the field relations are best explained by rapid changes in magma composition feeding and inflating the flows and suggest rapid eruption and emplacement of the lava flows. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Reidel, SP (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, MS K6-81,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sp.reidel@pnl.gov NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1086/425966 PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA 886RM UT WOS:000226246000001 ER PT J AU Li, DY Huxtable, ST Abramson, AR Majumdar, A AF Li, DY Huxtable, ST Abramson, AR Majumdar, A TI Thermal transport in nanostructured solid-state cooling devices SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermal Management of Electronic Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, IMECE ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; QUANTUM WIRES; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SUPERLATTICE NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHONON-SCATTERING; ENERGY-CONVERSION; HEAT-CONDUCTION; FIGURE; MERIT AB Low-dimensional nanostructured materials are promising candidates for high efficiency solid-state cooling devices based on the Peltier effect. Thermal transport in these low-dimensional materials is a key factor for device performance since the thermoelectric figure of merit is inversely proportional to thermal conductivity. Therefore, understanding thermal transport in nanostructured materials is crucial for engineering high performance devices. Thermal transport in semiconductors is dominated by lattice vibrations called phonons, and phonon transport is often markedly different in nanostructures than it is in bulk materials for a number of reasons. First, as the size of a structure decreases, its surface area to volume ratio increases, thereby increasing the importance of boundaries and interfaces. Additionally, at the nanoscale the characteristic length of the structure approaches the phonon wavelength, and other interesting phenomena such as dispersion relation modification and quantum confinement may arise and further alter the thermal transport. In this paper we discuss phonon transport in semiconductor superlattices and nanowires with regards to applications in solid-state cooling devices. Systematic studies on periodic multilayers called superlattices disclose the relative importance of acoustic impedance mismatch, alloy scattering, and crystalline imperfections at the interfaces. Thermal conductivity measurements of monocrystalline silicon nanowires of different diameters reveal the strong effects of phonon-boundary scattering. Experimental results for Si/SiGe superlattice nanowires indicate that different phonon scattering mechanisms may disrupt phonon transport at different frequencies. These experimental studies provide insight regarding the dominant mechanisms for phonon transport in nanostructures. Finally, we also briefly discuss Peltier coolers made from nanostructured materials that have shown promising cooling performance. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, DY (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM deyu.li@vanderbilt.edu RI Li, Deyu/D-2938-2012; Huxtable, Scott/F-2434-2014 OI Li, Deyu/0000-0001-8364-0924; NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 18 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1115/1.1839588 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 905SU UT WOS:000227590800015 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG TI Warped phenomenology of higher-derivative gravity SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extra large dimensions; black holes; beyond standard model ID 4 DIMENSIONS; BLACK-HOLES; HIERARCHY; MILLIMETER; PROPERTY; TENSOR; TERMS; MODEL AB We examine the phenomenological implications at colliders for the existence of higher-derivative gravity terms as extensions to the Randall-Sundrum model. Such terms are expected to arise on rather general grounds, e.g., from string theory. In 5-d, if we demand that the theory be unitary and ghost free, these new contributions to the bulk action are uniquely of the Gauss-Bonnet form. We demonstrate that the usual expectations for the production cross section and detailed properties of graviton Kaluza-Klein resonances and TeV-scale black holes can be substantially altered by existence of these additional contributions. It is shown that measurements at future colliders will be highly sensitive to the presence of such terms. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 IS 1 AR 028 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 909IZ UT WOS:000227854900028 ER PT J AU Sodano, HA Inman, DJ Park, G AF Sodano, HA Inman, DJ Park, G TI Generation and storage of electricity from power harvesting devices SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE piezoelectric; power harvesting; energy generation; battery charging ID ENERGY AB The concept of capturing the normally lost energy surrounding a system and converting it into electrical energy that can be used to extend the lifetime of that system's power supply or possibly provide an endless supply of energy to an electronic device has captivated many researchers and has brought forth a growing amount of attention to power harvesting. One of the most common methods of obtaining the energy surrounding a system is to use piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials have a crystalline structure that provides a unique ability to convert an applied electrical potential into a mechanical strain or vice versa, or convert an applied strain into an electrical current. The latter of these two properties allows the material to function as a power harvesting medium. In most cases the piezoelectric material is strained through the ambient vibration around the structure, thus allowing a frequently unused energy source to be utilized for the purpose of powering small electronic systems. However, the amount of energy generated by these piezoelectric materials is far smaller than that needed by most electronic devices. For this reason, the methods of accumulating and storing the energy generated, until sufficient power has been captured, is the key to developing completely self-powered systems. This article quantifies the amount of energy generated by a piezoelectric plate and investigates two methods of accumulating the energy thus produced. The first method uses a capacitor, which in early research has been the most common method of storing the energy generated and the second utilizes rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries. The advantages of each method are discussed and the rechargeable battery is found to have more desirable qualities for power harvesting than the capacitor. Additionally, this manuscript represents, for the first time, the fact that the power output by a piezoelectric material is capable of recharging a discharged battery. Through the excitation of a piezoelectric plate, it is demonstrated that a 40 mAh battery can be charged in less than half an hour at resonance and in only a few hours with a random signal similar to that of a typical vibrating piece of machinery. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sodano, HA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 12 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 3 U2 43 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1177/104589X05047210 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 888QR UT WOS:000226389800007 ER PT J AU Dubrac, S Lear, SR Ananthanarayanan, M Balasubramaniyan, N Bollineni, J Shefer, S Hyogo, H Cohen, DE Blanche, PJ Krauss, RM Batta, AK Salen, G Suchy, FJ Maeda, N Erickson, SK AF Dubrac, S Lear, SR Ananthanarayanan, M Balasubramaniyan, N Bollineni, J Shefer, S Hyogo, H Cohen, DE Blanche, PJ Krauss, RM Batta, AK Salen, G Suchy, FJ Maeda, N Erickson, SK TI Role of CYP27A in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE liver; lipoproteins; lipids synthesis; fatty acids; bile alcohols; cyp7A; transporters; receptors; gender ID STEROL 27-HYDROXYLASE GENE; P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; SALT TRANSPORTERS; RAT-LIVER; CEREBROTENDINOUS XANTHOMATOSIS; CYP27(-/-) MICE; IDENTIFICATION; DISRUPTION; ALPHA AB The CYP27A gene encodes a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme, sterol 27-hydroxylase, that is expressed in many different tissues and plays an important role in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. In humans, CYP27A deficiency leads to cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. To gain insight into the roles of CYP27A in the regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, cyp27A gene knockout heterozygous, homozygous, and wild-type littermate mice were studied. In contrast to homozygotes, heterozygotes had increased body weight and were mildly hypercholesterolemic, with increased numbers of lipoprotein particles in the low density lipoprotein size range. Cyp7A expression was not increased in heterozygotes but was in homozygotes, suggesting that parts of the homozygous phenotype are secondary to increased cyp7A expression and activity. Homozygotes exhibited pronounced hepatomegaly and dysregulation in hepatic cholesterol, bile acid, and fatty acid metabolism. Hepatic cholesterol synthesis and synthesis of bile acid intermediates were increased; however, side chain cleavage was impaired, leading to decreased bile salt concentrations in gallbladder bile. Expression of Na-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, the major sinusoidal bile salt transporter, was increased, and that of bile salt export pump, the major canalicular bile salt transporter, was decreased. Gender played a modifying role in the homozygous response to cyp27A deficiency, with females being generally more severely affected. Thus, both cyp27A genotype and gender affected the regulation of hepatic bile acid, cholesterol, and fatty acid metabolism. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Liver, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Ctr Liver, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Hiroshima Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Hiroshima, Japan. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Marion Bessin Liver Res Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, GI Res Lab, E Orange, NJ 07018 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Erickson, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM skerick@itsa.ucsf.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-18574, HL-52069]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-20632]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-26743, DK-26756, DK-48873, DK-56626, DK-56830] NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 46 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1194/jlr.M400219-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 886JY UT WOS:000226224500009 PM 15520450 ER PT J AU Thantu, N AF Thantu, N TI Second harmonic generation and two-photon luminescence upconversion in glasses doped with ZnSe nanocrystalline quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; nanocrystals; nanoparticles; SHG; nonlinear optics ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; HARMONIC-GENERATION; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CUCL NANOCRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY; EXCITATION; EMISSION AB We report two-photon excited emission in borosilicate glasses doped with ZnSe nanocrystalline quantum dots. The emission, predominantly near the two-photon energy and detected in the direction of the excitation beam, is in the visible, and the fundamental excitation is the near-infrared output of a tunable femtosecond laser. Depending on the two-photon energy, time- and frequency-resolved measurements at room temperature reveal that the emission largely consists of second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon luminescence upconversion, and a much smaller luminescence from redshifted, low-lying trap states and other trap levels residing near the semiconductor band edge. We discuss the SHG origin in terms of bulk-like and surface contributions from the nanocrystals and the two-photon resonant enhancement near the excitonic absorption. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Thantu, N (reprint author), XonTech Operat, Northrop Grumman Mission Syst, Missile Def Div, 6862 Hayvenhurst Ave, Van Nuys, CA 91406 USA. EM Napoleon.Thantu@ngc.com NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.06.002 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 885JQ UT WOS:000226153300003 ER PT J AU Patra, A Baker, GA Baker, SN AF Patra, A Baker, GA Baker, SN TI Effects of dopant concentration and annealing temperature on the phosphorescence from Zn2SiO4 : Mn2+ nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE sol-gel; nanocrystals; photolumineseence; time-resolved luminescence ID UP-CONVERSION LUMINESCENCE; ZINC SILICATE PHOSPHORS; ER3+-ZRO2 NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB The sol-emulsion-gel method is used for the preparation of Mn2+ -doped Zn2SiO4 nanoparticles. The luminescence spectra at 520 nm (T-4(1g) --> (6)A(1g)) and lifetime of the excited state of Mn2+ ions-doped Zn2SiO4 nanocrystals are also found to be sensitive to the annealing temperature (750-1000 degreesC) and concentration (0.25-5 mol%) of ions. We found that at the lowest dopant levels (0.25 mol %, 750 degreesC) the intensity decay kinetic is perfectly described by a single rate. However, with increasing concentration and annealing temperature, the decay was found to be biexponential. The fast component decay is due to the pair or, cluster formation and the slow component decay is due to isolated ions at higher concentration. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Sol Gel Div, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Patra, A (reprint author), Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Sol Gel Div, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. EM apatra@cgcri.res.in RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 22 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.06.008 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 885JQ UT WOS:000226153300012 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M De Graef, M AF Beleggia, M De Graef, M TI General magnetostatic shape-shape interactions SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Letter DE magnetostatic energy; shape amplitude; magnetic nanoparticles ID UNIFORMLY MAGNETIZED PARTICLES; DEMAGNETIZATION TENSOR; ARBITRARY SHAPE; COMPUTATION; NANOPARTICLES; FIELD AB The magnetostatic interaction energy between two magnetic elements of arbitrary,7 Shape is presented as a convolution between the cross-correlation of the particle shapes and the dipolar tensor field. A generalized dipole-dipole interaction is derived, where the magnetic moments associated with the two particles interact through a magnetometric tensor field. carrying all the shape information. Example computations are given in order to verify the correctness of the formalism The well-known result of the interaction between prisms, employed in most micromagnetic simulations. is correctly retrieved. The numerical accuracy of the method is also compared to a simple analytical result. Finally, one additional example computation, two interlaced interacting rings, is presented to show the generality of the formalism. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM degraef@cmu.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 285 IS 1-2 BP L1 EP L10 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.004 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879WW UT WOS:000225750900001 ER PT J AU Otero, TF Costa, SO Ariza, MJ Marquez, M AF Otero, TF Costa, SO Ariza, MJ Marquez, M TI Electrodeposition of Cu on deeply reduced polypyrrole electrodes at very high cathodic potentials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; CONFORMATIONAL RELAXATION; FILMS; MICROPARTICLES; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; DEVICES AB Conducting polymers are considered to suffer metal-insulator transitions during reduction. After a deep electrochemical reduction, freestanding films of polypyrrole retain a conductivity as high as 0.05 S cm(-1). Used as cathodes, they allow the flow of high cathodic currents from aqueous solutions, the hydrogen release being inhibited up to -3.0 V. Fast copper electrodeposition was obtained at -0.6, -1.5 and -2.1 V using freestanding films reduced for a long time. The electrochemically stimulated conformational relaxation (ESCR) model can explain the high conductivity of these "reduced'' materials by the trapping of counterions when the structure shrinks and closes. Conductivity in the range of semiconductors and the inhibition of hydrogen release open new possibilities for the use of reduced conducting polymers as electronic conductors and cathodes for electrochemical studies in aqueous solutions. C1 Univ Politecn Cartagena, Grp Electroquim Mat & Dispositivos Inteligentes, E-30203 Murcia, Spain. Univ Almeria, Grp Fis Fluidos Complejos, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-04120 Almeria, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. PMUSA, INEST Grp, New Technol Res Dept, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Otero, TF (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cartagena, Grp Electroquim Mat & Dispositivos Inteligentes, Campus Alfonso 13, E-30203 Murcia, Spain. EM toribio.fotero@upct.es RI OTERO, TORIBIO/C-8348-2009 OI OTERO, TORIBIO/0000-0002-8517-1428 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 16 BP 1662 EP 1667 DI 10.1039/b418075e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 917RY UT WOS:000228488100009 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Luo, J Maye, MM Fan, Q Qiang, RD Engelhard, MH Wang, CM Lin, YH Zhong, CJ AF Wang, LY Luo, J Maye, MM Fan, Q Qiang, RD Engelhard, MH Wang, CM Lin, YH Zhong, CJ TI Iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles and thin film assembly SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIZE; FE; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; STATE AB This paper reports findings of an investigation of the synthesis of monolayer-capped iron oxide and core (iron oxide)-shell (gold) nanocomposite and their assembly towards thin film materials. Pre-synthesized and size-defined iron oxide nanoparticles were used as seeding materials for the reduction of gold precursors, which was shown to be effective for coating the iron oxide cores with gold shells (Fe oxide@Au). The unique aspect of our synthesis is the formation of Fe oxide@Au core-shell nanoparticles with controllable surface properties. The novelty of our assembly strategy is the exploitation of the ligand-exchange reactivity at the gold shells for the thin film assembly of the core-shell nanoparticles. The core-shell nanocomposites and assemblies have been characterized using TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, TGA, and DCP-AES techniques. In addition to evidence from TEM detection of the change in particle size, UV-Vis observation of the change in the surface plasmon resonance band, and XRD detection of disappearance of the magnetite diffraction peaks after coating the gold shell, the formation of the core-shell morphology was further confirmed by DCP-AES composition analysis of Au and Fe in the molecularly-mediated thin film assembly of Fe oxide@Au particles. The interparticle ligand exchange-precipitation chemistry at the gold shell is to our knowledge the first example demonstrating the inter-shell reactivity for constructing thin films of Fe oxide@Au particles. The results have provided important insights into the design of interfacial reactivities via core-shell nanocomposites for magnetic, catalytic and biological applications. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhong, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM cjzhong@binghamton.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 35 TC 138 Z9 143 U1 7 U2 83 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 18 BP 1821 EP 1832 DI 10.1039/b501375e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 922KP UT WOS:000228837100008 ER PT J AU Park, TJ Papaefthymiou, GC Moodenbaugh, AR Mao, YB Wong, SS AF Park, TJ Papaefthymiou, GC Moodenbaugh, AR Mao, YB Wong, SS TI Synthesis and characterization of submicron single-crystalline Bi2Fe4O9 cubes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; ION LATENT TRACKS; CU2O NANOCUBES; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; CO3O4 NANOCUBES; SILVER NANOCUBES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; SIZE; SUPERLATTICES AB Single-crystalline, submicron-sized Bi2Fe4O9 cubes of reproducible shape have been successfully prepared using a facile, large-scale solid-state reaction employing a molten salt technique in the presence of a nonionic surfactant. The role of surfactant as well as alterations in the molar ratio of Bi3+ to Fe3+ precursors have been examined under otherwise identical reaction conditions and correlated with the predictive formation of different shapes of Bi2Fe4O9 products. Extensive structural characterization of as-prepared samples has been performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Mossbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Magnetic measurements were obtained using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat & Chem Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 46 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 21 BP 2099 EP 2105 DI 10.1039/b501552a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 929IK UT WOS:000229339600004 ER PT J AU Thackeray, MM Johnson, CS Vaughey, JT Li, N Hackney, SA AF Thackeray, MM Johnson, CS Vaughey, JT Li, N Hackney, SA TI Advances in manganese-oxide 'composite' electrodes for lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; SPINEL ELECTRODES; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; LAYERED LIMNO2; LI2MNO3; CELLS; INSERTION AB Recent advances to develop manganese-rich electrodes derived from 'composite' structures in which a Li2MnO3 ( layered) component is structurally integrated with either a layered LiMO2 component or a spinel LiM2O4 component, in which M is predominantly Mn and Ni, are reviewed. The electrodes, which can be represented in two-component notation as xLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1 - x)LiMO2 and xLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1 - x)LiM2O4, are activated by lithia (Li2O) and/or lithium removal from the Li2MnO3, LiMO2 and LiM2O4 components. The electrodes provide an initial capacity > 250 mAh g(-1) when discharged between 5 and 2.0 V vs. Li-0 and a rechargeable capacity up to 250 mAh g 21 over the same potential window. Electrochemical charge and discharge reactions are followed on compositional phase diagrams. The data bode well for the development and exploitation of high capacity electrodes for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), eVionyx Inc, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. EM thackeray@cmt.anl.gov OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 56 TC 557 Z9 566 U1 43 U2 395 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 23 BP 2257 EP 2267 DI 10.1039/b417616m PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 935MC UT WOS:000229785400002 ER PT J AU Leon-Reina, L Losilla, ER Martinez-Lara, M Bruque, S Llobet, A Sheptyakov, DV Aranda, MAG AF Leon-Reina, L Losilla, ER Martinez-Lara, M Bruque, S Llobet, A Sheptyakov, DV Aranda, MAG TI Interstitial oxygen in oxygen-stoichiometric apatites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-ION CONDUCTIVITY; SILICATE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FUEL-CELLS; PHASES; GROWTH; ND-9.33(SIO4)(6)O-2; ELECTROLYTES; PR-9.33(SIO4)(6)O-2; LA-9.33(SIO4)(6)O-2 AB Several oxy-apatite materials La10-xSrx( TO4)(6)O3-0.5x ( T = Ge, Si; (10-x) = 9.00, 8.80, 8.65 and 8.00) and La-9.33( Si1-xGexO4)(6)O-2( x = 0, 0.5, 0.67) have been prepared as highly crystalline phases. The impedance study showed that all samples are oxide ion conductors. However, bulk conductivities changed by more than 2 orders of magnitude at a given temperature for some compositions. A thorough study on the oxygen sublattices for oxygen-stoichiometric oxy-apatites has been carried out. Constant-wavelength neutron powder diffraction data have been collected for La-9.33( SiO4)(6)O-2. Time-of-flight neutron data have been collected for La-9.33(Si0.5Ge0.5O4)(6)O-2, La8Sr2(SiO4)(6)O-2 and La8Sr2(GeO4)(6)O-2. The room-temperature structures have been derived from joint Rietveld refinements of neutron and laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data. High temperature structures have been obtained only from Rietveld refinements of neutron powder diffraction data. The refinements show that La-9.33( SiO4)(6)O-2 and La-9.33(Si0.5Ge0.5O4)(6)O-2 contain interstitial oxygen, associated to vacancies at the oxygen channels. The amount of interstitial oxygen is negligible in La8Sr2( SiO4)(6)O-2 and La8Sr2(GeO4)(6)O-2. Hence, the novelty of this work is to explain the high oxide conductivity of the lanthanum-deficient samples which it is due to the presence of interstitial oxygens. Lanthanum stoichiometric samples do not have interstitial oxygens and, so, their conductivities are much lower. C1 Univ Malaga, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Aranda, MAG (reprint author), Univ Malaga, Dept Quim Inorgan, Campus Teatinos, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. EM g_aranda@uma.es RI Losilla, Enrique/A-1548-2010; Aranda, Miguel A.G./D-4614-2009; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Bruque-Gamez, Sebastian/K-4351-2012; Leon-Reina, Laura/D-4736-2009; Sheptyakov, Denis/F-5333-2016 OI Losilla, Enrique/0000-0002-3361-2340; Aranda, Miguel A.G./0000-0001-7708-3578; Bruque-Gamez, Sebastian/0000-0003-3977-9595; Leon-Reina, Laura/0000-0002-9306-4921; Sheptyakov, Denis/0000-0002-3001-6586 NR 47 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 25 BP 2489 EP 2498 DI 10.1039/b503374h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 940BA UT WOS:000230117500009 ER PT J AU Pincus, JL Jin, CY Huang, WJ Jacobs, HK Gopalan, AS Song, YJ Shelnutt, JA Sasaki, DY AF Pincus, JL Jin, CY Huang, WJ Jacobs, HK Gopalan, AS Song, YJ Shelnutt, JA Sasaki, DY TI Selective fluorescence detection of divalent and trivalent metal ions with functionalized lipid membranes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-DETECTION; RECOGNITION; REORGANIZATION; PROTEINS; BILAYERS; IRON(III); BINDING; SENSOR AB A series of functionalized lipid membranes were shown to respond selectively to Fe3+, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ with a distinctive change in bilayer fluorescence. The optical response is due to a change in the aggregational state of functionalized, pyrene-labeled lipids as they recognize and bind to the metal ion. Two new lipids are introduced with 2,2'-bipyridine (PSBiPy) and N-methylamide ( PSMA) headgroups. These functionalized lipids, along with two other lipids having hydroxyl ( PSOH) and iminodiacetic acid (PSIDA) headgroups, were incorporated into bilayers of distearylphosphatidylcholine ( DSPC) producing materials that exhibited an excellent range of sensitivity for the metal ions at low pH. At neutral pH the metal ion sensitivities were lost for PSOH and PSMA while the sensitivity and selectivity for Cu2+ increased for PSBiPy. In addition to optical sensing, the bilayers also can undergo restructuring of the membrane architecture. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope images show that for the majority of the bilayers, metal ion addition caused only aggregation of the vesicles. However, for the PSBiPy/DSPC membranes extraordinary square-shaped assemblies of planar bilayers formed in the presence of 100 mu M Cu2+. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Sasaki, DY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1413,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dsasak@sandia.gov RI Song, Yujiang/A-8700-2009; Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 27-28 BP 2938 EP 2945 DI 10.1039/b501631b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 944MA UT WOS:000230431900043 ER PT J AU Herricks, TE Kim, SH Kim, J Li, D Kwak, JH Grate, JW Kim, SH Xia, YN AF Herricks, TE Kim, SH Kim, J Li, D Kwak, JH Grate, JW Kim, SH Xia, YN TI Direct fabrication of enzyme-carrying polymer nanofibers by electrospinning SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNIAXIALLY ALIGNED ARRAYS; PROTEINS; FIBERS AB Nanofibers consisting of enzyme-polymer composites have been prepared by directly electrospinning a solution of surfactant-stabilized enzyme and polymer in toluene. Additional treatment with glutaraldehyde could greatly stabilize the enzyme activity of the fibers, which could be maintained in a buffer under shaking conditions for more than two weeks. The nanofibers also showed great improvement in the enzyme activity over bulk films as a result of increased mass-transfer for substrate molecules to and from the enzyme reactive sites. These stable and catalytically active nanofiber-based mats were highly durable and could be easily recovered from solution, making them ideal candidates for large scale applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Kangnung, Kangwondo, South Korea. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jungbae.Kim@pnl.gov; shkim@engr.psu.edu; xia@chem.washington.edu RI Li, Dan/B-9316-2008; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011 OI Li, Dan/0000-0003-3461-5751; NR 22 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 31 BP 3241 EP 3245 DI 10.1039/b503660g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 955SD UT WOS:000231247000011 ER PT J AU Darling, SB Bader, SD AF Darling, SB Bader, SD TI A materials chemistry perspective on nanomagnetism SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MONODISPERSE FEPT NANOPARTICLES; SEPARATED DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; EXCHANGE-ANISOTROPY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; PATTERNED MEDIA; COBALT; ARRAYS AB Nanomagnetism encompasses naturally occurring magnetic molecules and clusters as well as artificially structured low-dimensional magnetic materials. Basic research areas include the pursuit of novel interfacial magnetic coupling and spin-transport phenomena and creating new magnetic electronic architectures. In addition to the study of fundamental magnetic phenomena, nanomagnets may in the future form the basis of emerging technologies, such as in ultra-high density data storage media, ultra-strong permanent magnets, and biological and chemical sensing. Herein we highlight materials chemistry contributions to the quest for new magnetic functionalities, including the fabrication of surfactant-mediated magnetic particles and soft matter templates as platforms for hierarchically assembled hybrid magnetic materials. Nanomagnetism is positioned at the frontier between chemistry and magnetism. Devising methods to organize functional magnetic nanostructures draws on the unique strengths of a diverse materials chemistry community. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Darling, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 98 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 39 BP 4189 EP 4195 DI 10.1039/b506357d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 970KO UT WOS:000232307700001 ER PT J AU Mitchell, WJ Kopidakis, N Rumbles, G Ginley, DS Shaheen, SE AF Mitchell, WJ Kopidakis, N Rumbles, G Ginley, DS Shaheen, SE TI The synthesis and properties of solution processable phenyl cored thiophene dendrimers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; PLASTIC SOLAR-CELLS; POLARIZED ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER; DESIGN; POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES) AB In this paper we describe the convergent synthesis of a new class of phenyl cored thiophene dendrimers, which are promising candidates for use in organic semiconductor devices. We have prepared dendrimers with three and four dendrons around the core as well as dendrimers with 1st and 2nd generation dendrons. All the dendrimers were soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, THF and toluene. The structures and size properties are confirmed by a number of techniques including NMR, GPC and MALDI-TOF-MS. Decomposition was studied by TGA with initial breakdown of the hexyl surface groups followed by the aromatic core. The spectroscopic properties were studied by UV-vis and PL spectrometry which demonstrated substantial differences between the dendrimers with three and four dendrons. Optical band gaps varied between 2.34 and 2.60 eV for thin films of the dendrimers and electronic band gaps were, on average, 0.3 eV greater than the optical band gaps. The smallest band gap was measured for the dendrimer with four 2nd generation dendrons around the phenyl core. Fluorescence lifetimes of the molecules in solution ranged from 200 to 560 ps. This range in values was attributed to differences in internal conversion rates associated with varying degrees of flexibility of the extended dendrons. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mitchell, WJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM william_mitchell@nrel.gov RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 71 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 42 BP 4518 EP 4528 DI 10.1039/b508683c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 978BC UT WOS:000232846200008 ER PT J AU Clot, O Selmarten, D McNevin, MJ AF Clot, O Selmarten, D McNevin, MJ TI Synthesis and characterization of amino-capped oligothiophene-based hole-transport materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS MOLECULAR MATERIALS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; THIOPHENE OLIGOMERS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS; 3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE; DESIGN; SERIES; FAMILY AB A series of seven thiophene-based oligomers were prepared as hole transport materials. The DBATn series is composed of six oligothiophenes (n = 1-6) capped with two dibutylaminostyryl electron donating moieties. The band gaps for these compounds range from 2.47 to 2.19 eV. It was found that the bis(amino) substituents control the ionization potential, while the electron affinity and energy gap depend directly on the oligothiophene chain length. The bulk crystalline properties of these materials depend strongly on whether the number of thiophene rings in the bridge is even or odd. This results in the compounds that have an odd number of thiophene units in the bridge to exhibit depressed melting points with respect to the structures with an even number of rings. X-Ray structure determination was obtained from single crystals of DBAT1 and -2. Good solubility, thermal stability and film forming properties were found throughout the series of compounds. A seventh compound, DH2E4T, was also prepared. This molecule is comparable to alpha,omega-dihexylsexithiophene but with greater solubility and reduced optical band gap (2.32 eV). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Selmarten, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM don_selmarten@nrel.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 46 BP 4934 EP 4942 DI 10.1039/b510826h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 986GY UT WOS:000233439300010 ER PT J AU Paranthaman, M Bhuiyan, MS Sathyamurthy, S Zhai, HY Goyal, A Salama, K AF Paranthaman, M Bhuiyan, MS Sathyamurthy, S Zhai, HY Goyal, A Salama, K TI Epitaxial growth of solution-based rare-earth niobate, RE3NbO7, films on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YBCO-COATED CONDUCTORS; CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; DIP-COATING UNIT; SOL-GEL PROCESS; BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; LONG LENGTHS; FABRICATION; OXIDE AB A new series of rare earth-niobate, RE3NbO7 (RE = Y,Gd,Eu), buffer layers were developed for the growth of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta,5 (YBCO) films on biaxially textured Ni-W (3 at.%) substrates. Using chemical solution deposition, smooth, crack-free, and epitaxial RE3NbO7 (RE = Y,Gd,Eu) films were grown on cube-textured Ni-W substrate. YBCO film with a critical current density of 1.1 X 10(6) A/cm(2) in self-field at 77 K was grown directly on a single Gd3NbO7-buffered Ni-W substrate using pulsed laser deposition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Paranthaman, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM paranthamanm@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0011 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 928SS UT WOS:000229292600002 ER PT J AU Boshta, M Barner, K Braunstein, R Alavi, B Nelson, B AF Boshta, M Barner, K Braunstein, R Alavi, B Nelson, B TI Determination of the trap state density differences in hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Time-resolved photo- and thermoelectric effects (TTE) were used to determine simultaneously trap levels and trap state density differences in amorphous (a-SiGe:H) samples. In particular, the trap state density differences are obtained from the decay of the ambipolar charge distribution (i.e., stage II of the TTE transients). This type of spectroscopy has been applied for the first time to a-SiGe:H samples, and indeed trap states that seem to relate to concentration fluctuations, that is, Si(Ge) and Ge(Si) clusters, are observed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 4, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Braunstein, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM braunstein@physics.ucla.edu OI Boshta, Mostafa/0000-0001-6704-2756 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0014 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 928SS UT WOS:000229292600009 ER PT J AU Clingenpeel, SR Keener, WK Keller, CR De Jesus, K Howard, MH Watwood, ME AF Clingenpeel, SR Keener, WK Keller, CR De Jesus, K Howard, MH Watwood, ME TI Activity-dependent fluorescent labeling of bacterial cells expressing the TOL pathway SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; fluorogenic; 3-ethynylbenzoate; toluene; chromogenic ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; DEGRADE TOLUENE; ARVILLA MT-2; PLASMID; GENES; METABOLISM; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; IDENTIFICATION; CATABOLISM; ENZYMES AB 3-Ethynylbenzoate (3EB) functions as a novel, activity-dependent, fluorogenic, and chromogenic probe for bacterial strains expressing the TOL pathway, which degrade toluene via conversion to benzoate, followed by meta ring fission of the intermediate catechol. This direct physiological analysis allows the fluorescent labeling of cells whose toluene-degrading enzymes have been induced by an aromatic substrate. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Watwood, ME (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM maribeth.watwood@nau.edu OI Clingenpeel, Scott/0000-0002-6619-6320 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JAN PY 2005 VL 60 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.08.018 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 886JM UT WOS:000226223300005 PM 15567223 ER PT J AU Brazzle, JD Taylor, WP Ganesh, B Price, JJ Bernstein, JJ AF Brazzle, JD Taylor, WP Ganesh, B Price, JJ Bernstein, JJ TI Solution hardened platinum alloy flexure materials for improved performance and reliability of MEMS devices SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MIRROR ARRAY; CURVATURE AB Solution hardened platinum alloys are presented for use as a MEMS flexure material. Two Pt alloys are discussed in this work; Pt alloyed with 15% Rh and 6% Ru (known as Alloy 851) and an alloy of Pt with 10% Ir. These alloys do not require protective masking, resulting in fewer fabrication steps because the alloys can be exposed to fluorine, chlorine and oxygen plasmas as well as wet chemical etches without damage. These alloys combine many desirable properties such as biocompatibility, extreme corrosion resistance, good electrical/thermal conductivity, high Young's modulus, high yield strength [1], low hysteresis and fatigue, and they are non-ferromagnetic. Compositional profiles for the sputtered films are described, as well as stress control during deposition. Nanoindentation experiments were performed to measure mechanical properties. The mechanical performance of these Pt alloy flexures as supports for rotating micromirror structures is described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Allegro Microsyst, Manchester, NH 03103 USA. Analog Devices Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jbemstein@draper.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/15/1/007 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 894VA UT WOS:000226818500007 ER PT J AU Kosik, EM Corner, L Wyatt, AS Cormier, E Walmsley, IA Dimauro, LF AF Kosik, EM Corner, L Wyatt, AS Cormier, E Walmsley, IA Dimauro, LF TI Complete characterization of attosecond pulses SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ITAMP/FOCUS Workshop on Attoscience CY NOV, 2003 CL Harvard Smithsonian Observ, Cambridge, MA HO Harvard Smithsonian Observ ID ULTRASHORT OPTICAL PULSES; SPECTRAL PHASE INTERFEROMETRY; ELECTRIC-FIELD RECONSTRUCTION; ORDER HARMONIC RADIATION; LASER-PULSES; CHRONOCYCLIC TOMOGRAPHY; LIGHT-PULSES; FEMTOSECOND; AMPLITUDE; GENERATION AB We review the requirements for achieving full phase and amplitude characterization of attosecond X-ray pulses and propose several methods for carrying out such measurements. We show via numerical simulation that these techniques are capable of retrieving full field information of attosecond pulses and compare their performance and ease of implementation. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5107, Ctr Lasers Intenses & Applicat, F-33405 Talence, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kosik, EM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. OI Wyatt, Adam/0000-0001-8625-6709; Corner, Laura/0000-0002-3882-1272 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2-3 BP 361 EP 378 DI 10.1080/09500340412331307951 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 890OI UT WOS:000226520300014 ER PT J AU Osipov, T Alnaser, AS Voss, S Prior, MH Weber, T Jagutzki, O Schmidt, L Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R Landers, A Wells, E Shan, B Maharjan, C Ulrich, B Ranitovic, P Tong, XM Lin, CD Cocke, CL AF Osipov, T Alnaser, AS Voss, S Prior, MH Weber, T Jagutzki, O Schmidt, L Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R Landers, A Wells, E Shan, B Maharjan, C Ulrich, B Ranitovic, P Tong, XM Lin, CD Cocke, CL TI Photon-ion collisions and molecular clocks SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ITAMP/FOCUS Workshop on Attoscience CY NOV, 2003 CL Harvard Smithsonian Observ, Cambridge, MA HO Harvard Smithsonian Observ ID INTENSE LASER FIELDS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB The timing of molecular rearrangements can be followed in the time domain on a femtosecond scale by using momentum imaging techniques. Three examples are discussed in this paper: first, the diffraction of electrons ejected from the K-shell of one of the atomic constituents of the molecule takes a 'picture' of the molecule, and the correlation between the momentum vector of the photoelectron and the subsequent fragmentation pattern is used to estimate the time delay which accompanies the latter process. Second, the kinetic energy release of proton pairs from the double ionization of hydrogen by fast laser pulses is timed using the optical cycle as a clock. The mechanisms of rescattering, sequential and enhanced ionization are clearly identified in the momentum spectra. Third, the operation of rescattering double ionization in the case of nitrogen and oxygen molecules is discussed. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Augustana Coll, Dept Phys, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA. RP Osipov, T (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Lin, c d/D-7312-2012; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014; OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Lin, c d/0000-0003-4847-8938; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Wells, Eric/0000-0002-1044-4479 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2-3 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.1080/09500340412331301524 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 890OI UT WOS:000226520300019 ER PT J AU Mollhoff, M Vander Zanden, HB Shiflett, PR Gupta, G AF Mollhoff, M Vander Zanden, HB Shiflett, PR Gupta, G TI Modeling of receptor mimics that inhibit superantigen pathogenesis SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE superantigens; DR alpha-linker-TcRV beta chimera; molecular modeling; superantigen-chimera complex; contact interface; protein-protein interaction ID T-CELL-RECEPTOR; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; SHOCK SYNDROME TOXIN-1; CLASS-II MOLECULE; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX; PROTEINS; STIMULATION; RESOLUTION AB Staphylococcal enterotoxins SEB and SEC3 and toxic shock syndrome toxin TSST-1 act as superantigens by overstimulating the human immune system and thereby compromise host defense. The mechanism of pathogenesis is explained on the basis of superantigen binding to the MHC class 11 receptor on the antigen presenting cell and to the T cell receptor (TcR) on the T cell. SEB, SEC3 and TSST-1 bind as intact proteins and make contacts with the alpha 1 subdomain (DR alpha) of MHC class II and V beta subdomain of TcR. SEB, SEC3 and TSST-1 show specificities for different TcRV beta isoforms. We have designed three different chimeras linking the same ME with different TcRV beta isoforms to specifically target SEB, SEC3 and TSST-1 and inhibit their pathogenesis. Here, we show by molecular modeling that the DR alpha, TcRV beta and linker of a given chimera interact with the target superantigen in a type-specific manner. An initial model of the complex is constructed on the basis of observed inter-molecular contacts between DR alpha/TcRV beta and the superantigens. A constant temperature (300 K) 200 ps molecular dynamics is performed to sample different conformations of a chimera-superantigen complex by utilizing the flexibility of the (GSTAPPA)(2) linker while maintaining the native folds of superantigen, DR alpha and TcRV beta and the observed intermolecular contacts. After equilibration, 100 molecular dynamic snapshots are minimized and analyzed. This provides descriptions of various pairwise interactions at the contact interface in the complex and important clues on single site mutations on the chimera that may enhance the stability of a given superantigen-chimera complex. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gupta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gxg@lanl.gov OI Vander Zanden, Hannah/0000-0003-3366-5116 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1002/jmr.684 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 906AM UT WOS:000227612900005 PM 15459942 ER PT J AU Kim, JI Wang, CH Kuizon, S Xu, JL Barengolts, D Gray, PC Rubenstein, R AF Kim, JI Wang, CH Kuizon, S Xu, JL Barengolts, D Gray, PC Rubenstein, R TI Simple and specific detection of abnormal prion protein by a magnetic bead-based immunoassay coupled with laser-induced fluorescence spectrofluorometry SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transmissible spongiform encephalopathies; prion protein; diagnosis; sandwich immunoassay; laser-induced fluorescence spectrofluorometry ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SCRAPIE; VARIANT; INFECTIVITY; BLOOD; PRP; SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMINOGEN AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also termed prion diseases, are fatal neurodegenerative conditions that affect both humans and animals. The transmissibility and fatal nature of TSEs necessitate their rapid and accurate diagnosis. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrofluorometry is useful for obtaining measurements on fluorescence-labeled targets with a high degree of sensitivity. In the present study, we applied this technology to the immunological detection of abnormal prion protein, PrPSc, which is a universal diagnostic marker for TSEs. The assay format consists of a magnetic bead-based sandwich immunoassay utilizing a biotin-conjugated capture antibody and a fluorophore-labeled detector antibody. By using one pair of anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), PrPSc in brain homogenates from various experimental and natural TSEs can be easily detected with high specificity. Furthermore, the assay proved to be applicable for the detection of PrPSc in the lymph nodes from deer with TSE. The sensitivity of the assay was shown to be comparable to standard immunoblotting, but has several advantages over conventional tests, in terms of flexibility, simplicity, specificity, and run time. These results provide an important basis for the development of an early diagnostic test with potential for multi-sample analysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, JI (reprint author), New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM Jae.Kim@omr.state.ny.us FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01 HL63837]; NINDS NIH HHS [N01-NS-0-2327] NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.08.016 PG 8 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 884KR UT WOS:000226084100014 PM 15589044 ER PT J AU Mokili, J Korber, B AF Mokili, J Korber, B TI The spread of HIV in Africa SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Assessment of NeuroAIDS in Africa CY JUN 10-12, 2004 CL Blantyre, MALAWI SP NIMH DE Africa; HIV diversity; molecular epidemology; origins of HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; DOSE NEVIRAPINE REGIMEN; POLIO VACCINE SAMPLES; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PREGNANT-WOMEN AB A significant effort has been put into identifying the origin of HIV, tracking its spread, and mapping its distribution. This effort is of particular importance in Africa, where the AIDS epidemic is genetically most diverse, where prevalence reaches its highest levels, and where HIV had its origins in cross-species transmission from non-human primates to man. In this article, we summarize the molecular epidemiology of HIV in Africa, from both a historical and modern perspective. There are marked differences in the local diversity and in the rate of epidemic expansion in different regions of Africa. Understanding the distribution of genetic forms of HIV can be used to tailor vaccine strategies to specific regions and nations. Finally, we review the relationship of HIV lineages to related simian retroviruses and the evolutionary history and the origins of the HIV epidemic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Korber, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T10 MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM btk@lanl.gov OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [YI-AI-1500-01] NR 123 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PY 2005 VL 11 SU 1 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1080/13550280590923008 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 929VM UT WOS:000229374700010 PM 15966105 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Hone, ANW AF Holm, DD Hone, ANW TI A class of equations with peakon and pulson solutions (with an appendix by Harry Braden and John Byatt-Smith) SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATION; CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATION; GEODESIC-FLOW; SOLITONS; WAVES; STABILITY; CIRCLE AB We consider a family of integro-differential equations depending upon a parameter b as well as a symmetric integral kernel g(x). When b = 2 and g is the peakon kernel (i.e. g(x) = exp(-\x\) up to resealing) the dispersionless Camassa-Holm equation results, while the Degasperis-Procesi equation is obtained from the peakon kernel with b = 3. Although these two cases are integrable, generically the corresponding integro-PDE is non-integrable. However, for b = 2 the family restricts to the pulson family of Finger & Holm, which is Hamiltonian and numerically displays elastic scattering of pulses. On the other hand, for arbitrary b it is still possible to construct a nonlocal Hamiltonian structure provided that g is the peakon kernel or one of its degenerations: we present a proof of this fact using an associated functional equation for the skew-symmetric antiderivative of g. The nonlocal bracket reduces to a non-canonical Poisson bracket for the peakon dynamical system, for any value of b not equal 1. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Kent, Inst Math & Stat, Canterbury CT2 7NF, Kent, England. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov; A.N.WHone@kent.ac.uk RI Hone, Andrew/K-2989-2012; OI Hone, Andrew/0000-0001-9780-7369; Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORBERT EULER PI LULEA PA LULEA UNIV TECHNOL, DEPT MATHEMATICS, SE-971 87 LULEA, SWEDEN SN 1402-9251 J9 J NONLINEAR MATH PHY JI J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 SU 1 BP 380 EP 394 DI 10.2991/jnmp.2005.12.s1.31 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 890GZ UT WOS:000226501000033 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Li, N Chen, YT Rusanov, AE AF Zhang, JS Li, N Chen, YT Rusanov, AE TI Corrosion behaviors of US steels in flowing lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE CARBON-DIOXIDE; COMPATIBILITY TESTS; MILD-STEEL; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; OXIDATION; MAGNETITE; ALLOYS; SYSTEMS AB Corrosion tests of several US martensitic and austenitic steels were performed in a forced circulation lead-bismuth eutectic non-isothermal loop at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Russia. Tube and rod specimens of austenitic steels 316/316L, D-9, and martensitic steels HT-9, T-410 were inserted in the loop. Experiments were carried out simultaneously at 460degreesC and 550degreesC for 1000, 2000 and 3000h. The flow velocity at the test sections was 1.9m/s and the oxygen concentration in LBE was in the range of 0.03-0.05wppm. The results showed that at 460degreesC, all the test steels have satisfactory corrosion resistance: a thin protective oxide layer formed on the steel surfaces and no observable dissolution of steel components occurred. At 550degreesC, rod specimens suffered rather severe local liquid metal corrosion and slot corrosion; while tube specimens were subject to oxidation and formed double-layer oxide films that can be roughly described as a porous Fe3O4 outer layer over a chrome-rich spinel inner layer. Neglecting the mass transfer corrosion effects by the flowing LBE, calculations based on Wagner's theory reproduce the experimental results on the oxide thickness, indicating that the oxide growth mechanism of steels in LBE is similar to that of steels in air/steam, with slight modification by dissolution and oxide dissociation at the liquid metal interface. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Mech, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis & Applicat Div, MS-K575, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jzhang@cnls.lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 34 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 336 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.08.002 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 885JJ UT WOS:000226152600001 ER PT J AU Arsenlis, A Wolfer, WG Schwartz, AJ AF Arsenlis, A Wolfer, WG Schwartz, AJ TI Change in flow stress and ductility of delta-phase Pu-Ga alloys due to self-irradiation damage SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PRISMATIC DISLOCATION LOOPS; ELASTIC INTERACTION; STRAIGHT DISLOCATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COPPER; DEFORMATION; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; ENERGY AB An internal state variable model for the mechanical behavior of aged Pu-Ga alloys is developed and used to predict the change of the material with accumulated self-irradiation damage or age. The material model incorporates microstructural data such as the primary irradiation-induced defect density from cascades, the density and average size of helium bubbles, the initial dislocation density, and the initial average segment length of the dislocation density as input parameters, and then evaluates the stress-strain response of a representative volume element of the material. Given this response at a single material point, the deformation behavior of tensile specimens is predicted, and it forecasts increased strength, decreased strain hardening, and more strain localization with aging. Although the material point behavior showed some slight strain softening, this strain softening is expected to be masked by statistical variations of different volume elements and by the strain rate sensitivity of the material. Hence, it is not expected to appear in the stress-strain response of macroscopic tensile specimens, and only the increase in flow stress will be measured. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Arsenlis, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 808,L-371, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM arsenlis@llnl.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 336 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.08.017 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 885JJ UT WOS:000226152600004 ER PT J AU Miao, YB Owen, NK Fisher, DR Hoffman, TJ Quinn, TP AF Miao, YB Owen, NK Fisher, DR Hoffman, TJ Quinn, TP TI Therapeutic efficacy of a Re-188-labeled alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptide analog in murine and human melanoma-bearing mouse models SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; Re-188-labeled peptide; targeted radionuclide therapy; human melanoma; murine melanoma ID SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR SCINTIGRAPHY; TARGETED RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; MEDIATED RADIOTHERAPY; TUMOR RESPONSE; IN-VIVO; MELANOTROPIN; DOSIMETRY; EXPERIENCE; METASTASES AB The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of Re-188-(Arg(11))[CyS3,4,10,D-Phe(7)]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(3-13) (CCMSH) in the B16/F1 murine melanoma- and TXM13 human melanoma-bearing mouse models. Methods: (Arg(11))CCMSH was synthesized and labeled with Re-188 to form Re-188-(Arg(11))CCMSH. B16/F1 melanoma-bearing mice were administrated 7.4 MBq, 22.2 MBq, and 2 x 14.8 MBq of Re-188(Arg(11))CCMSH via the tail vein. TXM13 melanoma-bearing mice were separately injected with 22.2 MBq, 2 x 14.8 MBq, and 37.0 MBq of Re-188-(Arg(11))CCMSH through the tail vein. Two groups of 10 mice bearing either B16/F1 or TXM13 tumors were injected with saline as untreated controls. Results: In contrast to the untreated control group, Re-188-(Arg(11))CCMSH yielded rapid and lasting therapeutic effects in the treatment groups with either B16/F1 or TXM13 tumors. The tumor growth rate was reduced and the survival rate was prolonged in the treatment groups. Treatment with 2 x 14.8 MBq of Re-188-(Arg(11))CCMSH significantly extended the mean life of B16/F1 tumor mice (P < 0.05), whereas the mean life of TXM13 tumor mice was significantly prolonged after treatment with 22.2-MBq and 37.0-MBq doses of Re-188-(Arg(11))CCMSH (P < 0.05). High-dose Re-188-(Arg(11))CCMSH produced no observed normal tissue toxicity. Conclusion: The therapy study results revealed that Re-188-(Arg(11))CCMSH yielded significant therapeutic effects in both B16/F1 murine melanoma- and TXM13 human melanoma-bearing mouse models. Re-188-(Arg(11))CCMSH appears to be a promising radiolabeled peptide for targeted radionuclide therapy of melanoma. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Internal Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Radiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Pacific NE Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Harry S Truman Mem Vet Hosp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Quinn, TP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM quinnt@missouri.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P50-CA-10313-01] NR 40 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 46 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 885UD UT WOS:000226181600032 PM 15632042 ER PT J AU Behnam, K Phillips, ML Sliva, JDP Brochmann, EJ Duarte, MEL Murray, SS AF Behnam, K Phillips, ML Sliva, JDP Brochmann, EJ Duarte, MEL Murray, SS TI BMP binding peptide: a BMP-2 enhancing factor deduced from the sequence of native bovine bone morphogenetic protein/non-collagenous protein SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Forty years ago, Marshall Urist described a partially purified extract of dermineralized bone matrix which induced the formation of ectopic bone. This substance, bone rnorphogenetic protein/non-collagenous protein (BMP\NCP), was never purified to homogeneity but other investigators used similar starting materials to clone a number of recombinant B-MPs. Urist recognized that his material probably contained the BMPs which had been cloned by others but always contended that it contained another, more potent, bone inducing material which differed significantly in its physical and chemical properties from the known BMPs. We have used Urist's protocol to isolate a protein that has the chemical and physical properties of Urist's "BMP". It is an 18.5 kD fragment of the bone matrix protein, SPP-24. This fragment contains the cystatin-like domain of SPP-24. We have located a 19 amino acid region which is similar to the TGF-beta/BMP-binding region of fetuin. a member of the cystatin family of protease inhibitors. A cyclic peptide, which we call BMP binding peptide (BBP) was generated rising this sequence. The peptide avidly bound rhBMP-2 with a K-D of 3 x 10(-5) M. When implanted alone in mouse muscle, the peptide frequently induced dystrophic calcification. When implanted with rhBMP-2. the peptide enhanced the osteogenic activity of the recombinant molecule. We hypothesize that Urist's "BMP" was a fragment of SPP-24 which influenced bone induction by binding to bone morphogenetic proteins. BBP may be clinically useful because of its effects on other bone-inducing Substances. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research society. C1 Greater Los Angeles VA Hlth Care Syst, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Ctr & Nursing Home, Sepulveda, CA 91343 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Physiol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Biochem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Instrumentat Facil, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Histol & Embryol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Murray, SS (reprint author), Greater Los Angeles VA Hlth Care Syst, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Ctr & Nursing Home, 16111 Plummer St, Sepulveda, CA 91343 USA. EM murrayes@ulca.edu NR 8 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0736-0266 J9 J ORTHOP RES JI J. Orthop. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.orthres.2004.05.001 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 888BJ UT WOS:000226348900023 PM 15607890 ER PT J AU Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT AF Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT TI A new functional form and new fitting techniques for equations of state with application to pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE caloric properties; density; equation of state; fundamental equation; HFC-125; pentafluoroethane; R-125; thermodynamic properties ID INTERNATIONAL STANDARD EQUATION; TRIPLE-POINT TEMPERATURE; PHASE PVT PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; OF-STATE; LIQUID DENSITIES; FLUID REGION; MELTING LINE; ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS AB A widely used form of an equation of state explicit in Helmholtz energy has been modified with new terms to eliminate certain undesirable characteristics in the two phase region. Modern multiparameter equations of state exhibit behavior in the two phase that is inconsistent with the physical behavior of fluids. The new functional form overcomes this dilemma and results in equations of state for pure fluids that are more fundamentally consistent. With the addition of certain nonlinear fitting constraints, the new equation now achieves proper phase stability, i.e., only one solution exists for phase equilibrium at a given state. New fitting techniques have been implemented to ensure proper extrapolation of the equation at low temperatures, in the vapor phase at low densities, and at very high temperatures and pressures. A formulation is presented for the thermodynamic properties of refrigerant 125 (pentafluoroethane, CHF2-CF3) using the new terms and fitting techniques. The equation of state is valid for temperatures from the triple point temperature (172.52 K) to 500 K and for pressures up to 60 MPa. The formulation can be used for the calculation of all thermodynamic properties, including density, heat capacity, speed of sound, energy, and saturation properties. Comparisons to available experimental data are given that establish the accuracy of calculated properties. The estimated uncertainties of properties calculated using the new equation are 0.1% in density, 0.5% in heat capacities, 0.05% in the vapor phase speed of sound at pressures less than 1 MPa, 0.5% in the speed of sound elsewhere, and 0.1% in vapor pressure. Deviations in the critical region are higher for all properties except vapor pressure. (C) 2005 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ericl@boulder.nist.gov NR 84 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 69 EP 108 DI 10.1063/1.1797813 PG 40 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 919QR UT WOS:000228633200006 ER PT J AU Ash, BJ Siegel, RW Schadler, LS AF Ash, BJ Siegel, RW Schadler, LS TI Glass-transition temperature behavior of alumina/PMMA nanocomposites (vol 42, pg 4371, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Correction AB Alumina/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were synthesized by an in situ free-radical polymerization process with 38 and 17 nm diameter gamma-alumina nanoparticles. At extremely low filler weight fractions (<1.0 wt % of 38 nm fillers or <0.5 wt % of 17 nm fillers) the glass-transition temperature (T-g) of the nanocomposites drops by 25 C when compared to the neat polymer. Further additions of filler (up to 10 wt %) do not lead to additional T-g, reductions. The thermal behavior is shown to vary with particle size, but this dependence can be normalized with respect to a specific surface area. The nanocomposite T-g phenomenon is hypothesized to be because of nonadhering nanoparticles that serve as templates for a porous system with many internal interfaces that break up the percolating structure of dynamically heterogeneous domains recently suggested to be responsible for the T-g reductions in polymer ultrathin films [Long, D.; Lequeux, F. Eur Phys J E 2001, 4, 371]. The results also point to a far field effect of the nanoparticle surface on the bulk matrix. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Ash, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 114 EP 114 DI 10.1002/polb.20333 PG 1 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 879VS UT WOS:000225747800013 ER PT J AU Barkigia, KM Robinson, BC Renner, MW AF Barkigia, KM Robinson, BC Renner, MW TI Molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of octaethylbenzochloracene, the porphycene analog of a benzochlorin SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE porphycene; benzochloracene; photosensitizer; photodynamic therapy (PDT); X-ray crystallography; molecular structure; redox chemistry ID DIFFERENTIAL-OVERLAP TECHNIQUE; INTERMEDIATE NEGLECT; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PORPHYRINS; OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN; ETIOPORPHYCENE; COMPLEXES; CHLORIN; STATES AB The X-ray structure, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy of the porphycene analog of a benzochlorin, octaethylbenzochloracene (OEBzC) are reported. The OEBzC macrocycle is easier to oxidize and harder to reduce than octaethylporphycene (OEPc). The optical spectra of OEBzC and of the diacid salt are also reported. The optical spectrum for the one-electron oxidation of OEBzC is indicative of pi-cation radical formation. In porphyrins, saturation of one pyrrole ring and addition of an exocyclic benzene ring progressively red-shifts the first absorption band. For porphycenes, saturation of one pyrrole ring results in a 35 nm blue shift in the first absorption relative to OEPc. Compared to 2,3-dihydroporphyccne (DHPc), the first absorption band in OEBzC is red-shifted 24 nm. These studies further illustrate how the fused exocyclic benzene ring influences the macrocycle conformation, chemical and physical properties of porphycenes. Copyright (C) 2005 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Miravant Pharmaceut Inc, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Renner, MW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM renner@bnl.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC PORPHYRINS & PHTHALOCYANINES PI DIJON PA UNIV BOURGOGNE, LIMSAG (U M R 5633), 6 BOULEVARD GABRIEL, 21000 DIJON, FRANCE SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PY 2005 VL 9 IS 12 BP 864 EP 871 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 051LU UT WOS:000238163400008 ER PT J AU Wicksall, DM Agrawal, AK Schefer, RW Keller, JO AF Wicksall, DM Agrawal, AK Schefer, RW Keller, JO TI Influence of hydrogen addition on flow structure in confined swirling methane flame SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION; VELOCITY AB The flowfield of a lean premixed swirl-stabilized burner simulating typical features of land-based gas-turbine combustors was investigated using particle-image velocimetry. Fuel and air were premixed upstream and burned at atmospheric pressure in a quartz-tube combustor operated at a theoretical swirl number of 1.5. Instantaneous-velocity-field measurements were obtained for a nonreacting flow, a methane flame, and a hydrogen-enriched methane flame. Flow measurements were used to obtain two-dimensional vorticity and normal-strain, turbulent-kinetic-energy, and kinetic-energy-dissipation-rate fields. Results show that the average- and instantaneous-velocity fields were affected by the addition of hydrogen to methane. The instantaneous-velocity fields showed smaller eddies that were not present in the time-averaged fields. Higher values of turbulent kinetic energy were observed in the jet region of the methane flame, suggesting the unsteady nature of combustion. The instantaneous vorticity and normal strain were four to seven times higher than the averaged values, indicating the importance of smaller vortical structures to local flame-extinction phenomena. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wicksall, DM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM aagrawal@ou.edu RI Agrawal, Ajay/B-5304-2010; Hang, Chen/H-5336-2011; Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.2514/1.4235 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 887TM UT WOS:000226328400001 ER PT J AU Qian, WJ Liu, T Monroe, ME Strittmatter, EF Jacobs, JM Kangas, LJ Petritis, K Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Qian, WJ Liu, T Monroe, ME Strittmatter, EF Jacobs, JM Kangas, LJ Petritis, K Camp, DG Smith, RD TI Probability-based evaluation of peptide and protein identifications from tandem mass spectrometry and SEQUEST analysis: The human proteome SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proteomics; tandem mass spectrometry; the human proteome; LC-MS/MS; reversed database; SEQUEST criteria ID HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATISTICAL-MODEL; DATABASE SEARCH; SPECTRAL DATA; ALGORITHM; TECHNOLOGY; IONIZATION; VALIDATION; CELLS AB Large-scale protein identifications from highly complex protein mixtures have recently been achieved using multidimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS/ MS) and subsequent database searching with algorithms such as SEQUEST. Here, we describe a probability-based evaluation of false positive rates associated with peptide identifications from three different human proteome samples. Peptides from human plasma, human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) lysate, and human hepatocyte (Huh)-7.5 cell lysate were separated by strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography coupled offline with reversed-phase capillary LC-MS/MS analyses. The MS/ MS spectra were first analyzed by SEQUEST, searching independently against both normal and sequence-reversed human protein databases, and the false positive rates of peptide identifications for the three proteome samples were then analyzed and compared. The observed false positive rates of peptide identifications for human plasma were significantly higher than those for the human cell lines when identical filtering criteria were used, suggesting that the false positive rates are significantly dependent on sample characteristics, particularly the number of proteins found within the detectable dynamic range. Two new sets of filtering criteria are proposed for human plasma and human cell lines, respectively, to provide an overall confidence of >95% for peptide identifications. The new criteria were compared, using a normalized elution time (NET) criterion (Petritis et al. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 1039-1048), with previously published criteria (Washburn et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 242-247). The results demonstrate that the present criteria provide significantly higher levels of confidence for peptide identifications from mammalian proteomes without greatly decreasing the number of identifications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN,K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Petritis, Konstantinos/F-2156-2010; Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 37 TC 261 Z9 266 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1021/pr0498638 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 901MQ UT WOS:000227287000005 PM 15707357 ER PT J AU Shui, WQ Liu, YK Fan, HZ Bao, HM Liang, SF Yang, PY Chen, X AF Shui, WQ Liu, YK Fan, HZ Bao, HM Liang, SF Yang, PY Chen, X TI Enhancing TOF/TOF-based de novo sequencing capability for high throughput protein identification with amino acid-coded mass tagging SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amino acid-coded mass tagging (AACT); TOF/TOF; de novo sequencing; genome-based search; partial sequence assignment; mass split; weak-signal/low-abundance proteins ID MALDI-TOF; PEPTIDE; SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMICS; ACCURATE; LYSINE; DERIVATIZATION; FRAGMENTATION; QUANTITATION; COMBINATION AB Because of the intrinsic physical properties of single- or double-charged ions, MALDI-based CID on these peptide precursor ions tends to be incomplete, resulting in a large number of MS/MS spectra unassigned or ambiguously identified. Consequently, the TOF/TOF high throughput capability may not be fully explored and utilized. Here, we describe a novel method for de novo sequence assignment of those MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS spectra with incomplete or weak fragment ion series. In this approach, the deuterium-labeled lysine and leucine precursors were used in parallel to mass-tag the proteome of a metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line during in vivo cell culturing. These stable isotope precursor markers not only position at terminal but at internal MS/MS fragment ions with the characteristic isotope pattern induced by multiple mass tagging in parallel. This enhanced signal specificity evidently resolved ambiguities in those sparse poor-quality TOF/TOF spectra by providing critical sequential links among MS/MS fragment ions. Our data-dependent approach was able to reduce many false-positives in current genome sequence-based peptide sequencing. With developing new algorithms accordingly, our approach is amenable for automation that will lead to more comprehensive and reliable identification for proteomes. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Liver Canc Inst, Zhongshan Hosp, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yang, PY (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM pyyang@fudan.edu.cn NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1021/pr049850u PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 901MQ UT WOS:000227287000009 PM 15707361 ER PT J AU Goldfarb, HB Borror, CM Montgomery, DC Anderson-Cook, CM AF Goldfarb, HB Borror, CM Montgomery, DC Anderson-Cook, CM TI Using genetic algorithms to generate mixture-process experimental designs involving control and noise variables SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm; mixture-process experiments; noise variables; optimal designs; response surface methodology; robust parameter design ID RESPONSE-SURFACE; ROBUST; REGRESSION; MODELS; SLOPE AB Genetic algorithms are useful techniques for generating statistical designs when standard factorial and response surface methods either cannot be easily applied or they perform poorly. These situations often occur when the design space is highly constrained and irregular, we are using nonstandard models, or the criteria for design evaluation are complicated. We consider statistical designs for experiments involving mixture variables and process variables, some of which are noise variables that cannot be controlled under general operating conditions. For these types of experiments, it is customary to fit a response model combining mixture, process, and noise variables and to derive a model for the mean response and a model for the slope of the response. When considering experimental designs to use for these situations, low prediction variances for the mean and slope models are desirable. We evaluate some standard mixture-process variable designs with respect to these criteria and demonstrate how an experimenter can create designs with improved scaled prediction variance (SPV) properties using a genetic algorithm. C1 Dial Corp, Scottsdale, AZ 85254 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldfarb, HB (reprint author), Dial Corp, Scottsdale, AZ 85254 USA. EM goldfarb@dialcorp.com; cborror@uiuc.edu; doug.montgomery@asu.edu; c-and-cook@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 60 EP 74 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 882EN UT WOS:000225921800006 ER PT J AU Shestakov, AI Greenough, JA Howell, LH AF Shestakov, AI Greenough, JA Howell, LH TI Solving the radiation diffusion and energy balance equations using pseudo-transient continuation SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiation diffusion; pseudo transient continuation ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; HYDRODYNAMICS; CONVERGENCE AB We develop a scheme for the system coupling the radiation diffusion and matter energy balance equations. The method is based on fully implicit, first-order, backward Euler differencing; Picard-Newton iterations solve the nonlinear system. We show that iterating on the radiation energy density and the emission source is more robust. Since the Picard-Newton scheme may not converge for all initial conditions and time steps, pseudo-transient continuation (Psitc) is introduced. The combined Psitc-Picard-Newton scheme is analyzed. We derive conditions on the Psitc parameter that guarantee physically meaningful iterates, e.g., positive energies. Successive Psitc iterates are bounded and the radiation energy density and emission source tend to equilibrate. The scheme is incorporated into a multiply dimensioned, massively parallel, Eulerian, radiation-hydrodynamic computer program with automatic mesh refinement (AMR). Three examples are presented that exemplify the scheme's performance. (1) The Pomraning test problem that models radiation flow into cold matter. (2) A similar, but more realistic problem simulating the propagation of an ionization front into tenuous hydrogen gas with a Saha model for the equation-of-state. (3) A 2D axisymmetric (R,Z) simulation with real materials featuring jetting, radiatively driven, interacting shocks. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shestakov, AI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-38, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ais@oldben.llnl.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 90 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.04.017 PG 28 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 856HQ UT WOS:000224036700001 ER PT J AU Dry, DE Bauer, E Petersen, LA AF Dry, DE Bauer, E Petersen, LA TI Rapid separation of fresh fission products SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB The fission of highly enriched uranium (HEU) by thermal neutrons creates dozens of isotopic products. The Isotope and Nuclear Chemistry Group participates in programs that involve analysis of "fresh" fission products by beta counting following radiochemical separations. This is a laborious and time-consuming process that can take several days to generate results. Gamma-spectroscopy can provide a more immediate path to isotopic activities, however, short-lived, high-yield isotopes can swamp a gamma-spectrum, making difficult the identification and quantification of isotopes on the wings and valley of the fission yield curve. The gamma-spectrum of a sample of newly produced fission products is dominated by the many emissions of a very few high-yield isotopes. Specifically, Te-132 (T-1/2 = 3.2 d), its daughter, I-132 (T-1/2 = 2.28 h), Ba-140 (T-1/2 = 12.75 d), and its daughter La-140 (T-1/2 = 1.68 d) emit at least 18 gamma-rays above 100 keV that are greater than 5% abundance. Additionally, the 1596 keV emission from La-140 imposes a Compton background that hinders the detection of isotopes that are neither subject to matrix dependent fractionation nor gaseous or volatile precursors. Some of these isotopes of interest are Ag-111, Cd-115, and the rare earths, (SM)-S-153, Eu-154, Eu-156, and Tb-160. C-INC has performed an HEU irradiation and also "cold" carrier analyses by ICP-AES to determine methods for rapid and reliable separations that may be used to detect and quantify low-yield fission products by gamma-spectroscopy. Results and progress are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dry, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C INC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dry@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0005-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200003 ER PT J AU Addleman, RS Egorov, OB O'Hara, MJ Busche, B Zemanian, TS Fryxell, G AF Addleman, RS Egorov, OB O'Hara, MJ Busche, B Zemanian, TS Fryxell, G TI Preconcentration and assay of radionuclides with self assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI ID FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; NANOSCALE MATERIALS; SILICA; ACTINIDES AB Self Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports (SAMMS) are nanostructured silica sorbents that offer fast uptake kinetics, high material loading, and excellent selectivity. We have found that these materials rapidly preconcentrate radionuclides from solution and enable direct assay. We will discuss the utilization of SAMMS for measurement of alpha-, beta- and gamma-emitters. The issues involved in direct counting of SAMMS with various methods are explored. We will discuss the advantages, challenges, and limitations involved in using SAMMS for radiochemical analysis. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Addleman, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM shane.addleman@pnl.gov RI O'Hara, Matthew/I-4967-2013; OI O'Hara, Matthew/0000-0003-3982-5897 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0012-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200010 ER PT J AU Moore, RC Gasser, M Awwad, N Holt, KC Salas, FM Hasan, A Hasan, MA Zhao, H Sanchez, CA AF Moore, RC Gasser, M Awwad, N Holt, KC Salas, FM Hasan, A Hasan, MA Zhao, H Sanchez, CA TI Sorption of plutonium(VI) by hydroxyapatite SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; URANIUM; APATITE; RADIONUCLIDES; STRONTIUM; METALS; IMMOBILIZATION; DIFFUSION AB The sorption of Pu(VI) by synthetic hydroxyapatite was determined in NaClO4 media. Pu(VI) sorption was determined to be rapid with equilibrium attained in 2 hours. Equilibrium experiments indicated sorption to be pH dependent with distribution constants, log K-d values, ranging from 4.11 at pH 6 to 5.92 at pH 8.5. Data collected at pH 8.0 with varying total Pu(VI) were fit to the Langmuir isotherm and yielded Langmuir constants of C-a = 0.0147 mole/mole and K = 1.71.10(8) I/mole. Although varying ionic strength did not have an effect on Pu(VI) sorption, a decrease in sorption was evident at high calcium and phosphate concentrations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Egyptian Atom Energy Author, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. RP Moore, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0779, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rcmoore@sandia.gov RI ZHAO, HONGTING/B-1470-2010 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0019-z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200017 ER PT J AU Wogman, NA Bond, LJ Waltar, AE Leber, RE AF Wogman, NA Bond, LJ Waltar, AE Leber, RE TI The nuclear education and staffing challenge: Rebuilding critical skills in nuclear science and technology SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB The United States, the Department of Energy (DOE) and its National Laboratories, including the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), are facing a serious attrition of nuclear scientists and engineers and their capabilities through the effects of aging staff. Within the DOE laboratories, 75% of nuclear personnel will be eligible to retire by 2010. It is expected that there will be a significant loss of senior nuclear science and technology staff at PNNL within five years. PNNL's nuclear legacy is firmly rooted in the DOE Hanford site, the World War II Manhattan Project, and subsequent programs. Historically, PNNL was a laboratory where 70% of its activities were nuclear/radiological, and now just under 50% of its current business science and technology are nuclear and radiologically oriented. Programs in the areas of nuclear legacies, global security, nonproliferation, homeland security and national defense, radiobiology and nuclear energy still involve more than 1,000 of the 3,800 current laboratory staff, and these include more than 420 staff who are certified as nuclear/radiological scientists and engineers. This paper presents the current challenges faced by PNNL that require an emerging strategy to solve the nuclear staffing issues through the maintenance and replenishment of the human nuclear capital needed to support PNNL nuclear science and technology programs. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Heritage Coll, Div Arts & Sci, Sci Program Chairman, Toppenish, WA 98948 USA. RP Wogman, NA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ned.wogman@pnl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0027-z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200025 ER PT J AU Kolsky, KL AF Kolsky, KL TI Summer school in nuclear and radiochemistry at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB The U.S. Department of Energy supports 24 fellowships for students to attend six-week programs at either San Jose State University in California, or Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York. The American Chemical Society through the Division of Nuclear Science and Technology operates both schools. The twelve students at the BNL program are enrolled in the State University of New York at Stony Brook (SUNYSB) and receive 3 college credits for the lecture course (CHE-361) and 3 additional credits for the laboratory course (CHE-362). In addition to lectures and laboratories, students tour various nuclear facilities offisite, at BNL, and at SUNYSB. Opportunities are given the students to interact with faculty and scientists within the profession through the Guest Lecture Program. Further details are discussed along with results of student surveys for the years 1999 through 2002. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kolsky, KL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kolsky@bnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200026 ER PT J AU Hofstetter, KJ Beals, DM AF Hofstetter, KJ Beals, DM TI Comparison of CdTe and CdZnTe detectors for field determination of uranium isotopic enrichments SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB A performance comparison of a CdTe and a CdZnTe detector when exposed to uranium samples of various isotopic enrichments has been performed. These high-resolution detectors can assist in the rapid determination of uranium isotopic content of illicit material. Spectra were recorded from these "room temperature" semiconductor detectors with a portable multi-channel analyzer, both in the laboratory and in a field environment. Both detectors were operated below ambient temperature using the vendor supplied thermoelectric coolers. Both detectors had nominally the same active volume (18 mm(3) for the CdZnTe and 25 mm(3) for the CdTe detector) and resolution (i.e., <1.0 keV resolution FWHM at 59.5 keV). Spectra of samples of known isotopic content were recorded at fixed geometries. An evaluation of potential signature gamma-rays for the detection of enriched uranium was completed. Operational advantages and disadvantages of each detector are discussed. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hofstetter, KJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM kenneth.hofstetter@srs.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0033-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200031 ER PT J AU Cable-Dunlap, P DeGange, JJ Nichols, LS Duckworth, DC Park, SH van Berkel, GJ AF Cable-Dunlap, P DeGange, JJ Nichols, LS Duckworth, DC Park, SH van Berkel, GJ TI Interface of a particle collector with an on-line electrochemically-modulated separation system for analysis of airborne radioisotopes SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB A novel device for collecting, concentrating and separating airborne particles in situ is under development through a collaborative effort between Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This work entails coupling an Aerosol-to-Liquid Particle Extraction System (ALPES) to an electrochemically modulated separation (EMS) cell. The ALPES collects and concentrates airborne particles into a liquid,(1) and the EMS cell separates species based on their affinity for a charged target surface.(2) Preliminary data indicates substantial sensitivity enhancement may be realized by interfacing these devices. The system will allow for rapid field analysis of radionuclides while providing reductions in labor, cost, and turnaround time compared to standard radiometric techniques. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Nonproliferat Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cable-Dunlap, P (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Nonproliferat Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RI Duckworth, Douglas/B-7171-2015 OI Duckworth, Douglas/0000-0002-8161-5685 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0034-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200032 ER PT J AU Mohagheghi, AH Shanks, ST Zigmond, JA Simmons, GL Ward, SLA AF Mohagheghi, AH Shanks, ST Zigmond, JA Simmons, GL Ward, SLA TI A survey of uranium and thorium background levels in water, urine, and hair and determination of uranium enrichments by ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES AB Sandia National Laboratories collects bioassay samples to monitor individuals for possible exposure to uranium and thorium as part of ongoing medical surveillance of employees. The current analytical methods involve separation chemistry and alpha-spectrometry for isotopic measurements or kinetic phosphorescence analysis for total uranium. There are several areas where this monitoring can be improved (e.g., analysis times and accurate isotopic ratio measurements). In addition, in case of accidents or exposure to people who are not routinely monitored, the optimum window for collecting bioassay samples may be missed. An example of this scenario is the recent concern over the exposure of civilians to depleted uranium from military ammunition in Kosovo and Kuwait. For these cases, hair may be an alternative bioassay. Analytical procedures utilizing an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) have been developed that have simplified sample processing and improved the isotopic ratio measurements. The focus of this study is to survey the background levels for U-235, U-236, U-238, and Th-232 isotopes in hair, urine, and drinking water which could be used to determine action levels for follow-up monitoring. In addition, variations of U-238 to U-235 mass ratio for the background samples are measured. The analytical procedures, achieved detection limits, observed background distributions, and the results of uranium isotope ratio tests are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Mohagheghi, AH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ahmohag@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0036-y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200034 ER PT J AU Kadyrzhanov, KK Barber, DS Solodukhin, VP Poznyak, VL Kazachevskiy, IV Knyazev, BB Lukashenko, SN Khazhekber, S Betsill, JD Passell, HD AF Kadyrzhanov, KK Barber, DS Solodukhin, VP Poznyak, VL Kazachevskiy, IV Knyazev, BB Lukashenko, SN Khazhekber, S Betsill, JD Passell, HD TI Radionuclide contamination in the Syrdarya river basin of Kazakhstan - Results of the Navruz Project SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua, HI AB The results of radioecological investigations in the Syrdarya river basin in the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented. The work was carried out under the International Navruz Project. Nuclear activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence, and gamma-spectrometry were used to measure the element and radionuclide ((137)Cs, (40)K and (238)U, (235)U, and (232)Th families) compositions of soil, water, bottom sediments and vegetation. Samples were collected at 15 control points in Kazakhstan along the Syrdarya river and its inflows during four expeditions (autumn 2000 and 2001, spring 2001 and 2002). C1 Natl Nucl Ctr Republ Kazakhstan, Inst Nucl Phys, Alma Ata 480082, Kazakhstan. Sandia Natl Labs, Cooperat Monitoring Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kadyrzhanov, KK (reprint author), Natl Nucl Ctr Republ Kazakhstan, Inst Nucl Phys, Alma Ata 480082, Kazakhstan. EM dsbarbe@sandia.gov RI Kadyrzhanov, Kairat/P-1055-2014 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0037-x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200035 ER PT J AU Vasiliev, IA Barber, DS Alekhina, VM Mamatibtaimov, S Betsill, D Passell, H AF Vasiliev, IA Barber, DS Alekhina, VM Mamatibtaimov, S Betsill, D Passell, H TI Uranium levels in the Naryn and Mailuu-Suu rivers of Kyrgyz Republic SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB As part of an international collaboration (the Navruz Project) between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and the United States of America on transboundary river monitoring, the Radiometric Laboratory of the Institute of Physics in Kyrgyzstan measured the isotopic composition of uranium (as measured by gamma, the ratio of activities of U-234/U-238) for the water of the Naryn River basin. This ratio varies from 1.5 to 1.9 due to natural causes. The results point to the lack of the technogenic uranium along the Naryn River through territory of the Kyrgyz Republic and to the contamination of the Mailuu-Suu River by technogenic uranium from tailing dumps in the area. The share of technogenic uranium transported to Uzbekistan does not exceed 30%, and the total uranium content is considerably lower than the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) and is almost an order of magnitude lower than that of potable waters of the Chui Valley of Kyrgyz Republic. C1 Natl Acad Sci Kyrgyz Republ, Inst Phys, Bishkek 720071, Kyrgyzstan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vasiliev, IA (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Kyrgyz Republ, Inst Phys, 265A Chui Prospect, Bishkek 720071, Kyrgyzstan. EM dsbarbe@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200036 ER PT J AU Barber, DS Betsill, JD Mohagheghi, AH Passell, HD Yuldashev, B Salikhbaev, U Djuraev, A Vasiliev, I Solodukhin, V AF Barber, DS Betsill, JD Mohagheghi, AH Passell, HD Yuldashev, B Salikhbaev, U Djuraev, A Vasiliev, I Solodukhin, V TI The Navruz experiment: Cooperative monitoring for radionuclides and metals in Central Asia transboundary rivers SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB In March of 2000, scientists from four nuclear physics research institutes in the Central Asia Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, and the U.S. Sandia National Laboratories embarked on a three-year cooperative transboundary river monitoring experiment. The experiment, named Navruz (meaning "new beginning"), uses standardized methods to monitor basic water quality parameters, radionuclides, and metals in the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers. Overall, the project addresses three main goals: (1) to help increase capabilities in Central Asian nations for sustainable water resources management; (2) to provide a scientific basis for supporting nuclear transparency and non-proliferation in the region; and (3) to help reduce the threat of conflict in Central Asia over water resources. Contamination of these rivers is a result of growing population, urbanization, agricultural uses, and radioactive and metals contamination from a legacy of uranium mining, industry, and other activities of the former Soviet Union. The project focuses on waterborne radionuclides and metals because of the importance of these contaminants to public health and political stability in Central Asia. Moreover, the method of enabling scientists from bordering countries to study a transboundary problem, can lead to a greater scientific understanding, consensus on necessary mitigation steps, and ultimately the political resolution of the issue. The project scope, approach, and preliminary results are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Tashkent 702132, Uzbekistan. Tajik Acad Sci, Atom Energy Agcy, Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Natl Acad Sci Kyrgyz Republ, Inst Phys, Bishkek 720071, Kyrgyzstan. Natl Nucl Ctr Republ Kazakhstan, Inst Phys Nucl, Almaty 480082, Kazakhstan. RP Barber, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dsbarbe@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0039-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200037 ER PT J AU Yuldashev, BS Salikhbaev, US Kist, AA Radyuk, RI Barber, DS Passell, HD Betsill, JD Matthews, R Vdovina, ED Zhuk, LI Solodukhin, VP Poznyak, VL Vasiliev, IA Alekhina, VM Djuraev, AA AF Yuldashev, BS Salikhbaev, US Kist, AA Radyuk, RI Barber, DS Passell, HD Betsill, JD Matthews, R Vdovina, ED Zhuk, LI Solodukhin, VP Poznyak, VL Vasiliev, IA Alekhina, VM Djuraev, AA TI Radioecological monitoring of transboundary rivers of the Central Asian Region SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB This paper presents the results of radioecological investigation of Central Asian rivers. This work was done as part of the Navruz Project, a cooperative, transboundary river monitoring project involving rivers and institutions in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, and facilitated by Sandia National Laboratories in the United States. The study of waterborne radionuclides and metals concentrations in Central Asia is of particular interest because of the history of nuclear materials mining, fabrication, transport, and storage there, when it was part of the Soviet Union. This development left a legacy of radionuclides and metals contamination in some Central Asian regions, which poses a clear health hazard to populations who rely heavily upon surface water for agricultural irrigation and direct domestic consumption. C1 Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Phys Nucl, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Nucl Ctr, Inst Phys Nucl, Alma Ata 480082, Kazakhstan. Natl Acad Sci Krygiz Republ, Inst Phys, Bishkek 72001, Kyrgyzstan. Tajik Acad Sci, Atom Energy Agcy, Dushanbe, Tajikistan. RP Yuldashev, BS (reprint author), Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Phys Nucl, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. EM dsbarbe@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0040-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200038 ER PT J AU Kadyrzhanov, KK Khazhekber, S Solodukhin, VP Lukashenko, SN Kazachevskiy, IV Rofer, C Poznyak, VL Knyazev, BB Knatova, MK Nazarenko, LM Yakushev, EM AF Kadyrzhanov, KK Khazhekber, S Solodukhin, VP Lukashenko, SN Kazachevskiy, IV Rofer, C Poznyak, VL Knyazev, BB Knatova, MK Nazarenko, LM Yakushev, EM TI Plutonium at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua, HI AB This article presents the results of the investigation on radionuclide contamination, physical and chemical forms of plutonium in soil samples of various zones at the territory of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS), and the analysis of these results in connection with characteristics of the performed tests. There was revealed the character of various sites differing by concentration level, (239+240)Pu to (241)Am concentration ratios, presence forms, area distribution, and magnetic fractions of transuranic radionuclides. C1 Inst Nucl Phys, Almaty City 480082, Kazakhstan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kadyrzhanov, KK (reprint author), Inst Nucl Phys, Ibragimova Str 1, Almaty City 480082, Kazakhstan. EM solodukhin@inp.kz RI Kadyrzhanov, Kairat/P-1055-2014 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0041-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200039 ER PT J AU Ely, JH Aalseth, CE McIntyre, JI AF Ely, JH Aalseth, CE McIntyre, JI TI Novel beta-gamma coincidence measurements using phoswich detectors SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB A novel method to measure beta-gamma coincidences using a phoswich detector with state-of-the-art pulse shape discrimination techniques has been investigated. A thin CaF2(Eu) and thick NaI(Tl) crystal phoswich detector has been built and tested using gamma and beta test sources as well as xenon gas. The two types of radiation are distinctly seen in the signal processing electronics based on pulse shape analysis. Preliminary results indicate that it will be difficult to achieve sufficient discrimination of the pulse types in application to beta-gamma coincident counting. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ely, JH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999 MSIN P8-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM James.Ely@pnl.gov RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014 OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310 NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0044-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200042 ER PT J AU Geelhood, BD Wogman, NA AF Geelhood, BD Wogman, NA TI An overview of non-traditional nuclear threats SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB In view of the terrorist threats to the United States, the country needs to consider new vectors and weapons related to nuclear and radiological threats against our homeland. The traditional threat vectors, missiles and bombers, have expanded to include threats arriving through the flow of commerce. The new commerce-related vectors include: sea cargo, truck cargo, rail cargo, air cargo, and passenger transport. The types of weapons have also expanded beyond nuclear warheads to include radiation dispersal devices (RDD) or "dirty" bombs. The consequences of these nuclear and radiological threats are both economic and life threatening. The defense against undesirable materials entering our borders involves extensive radiation monitoring at ports of entry, The radiation and other signatures of potential nuclear and radiological threats are examined along with potential sensors to discover undesirable items in the flow of commerce. Techniques to improve radiation detection are considered. A strategy of primary and secondary screening is proposed to rapidly clear most cargo and carefully examine suspect cargo. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Geelhood, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.geelhood@pnl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0047-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200045 ER PT J AU Smith, DK Williams, RW AF Smith, DK Williams, RW TI The dynamic movement of plutonium in an underground nuclear test with implications for the contamination of groundwater SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEVADA TEST-SITE; MIGRATION AB The recent discovery of the migration of plutonium in groundwater away from underground nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site has spawned considerable interest in the mechanisms by which plutonium may be released to the environment by a nuclear explosion. A suite of solid debris samples was collected during drilling through an expended test cavity and the overlying collapse chimney. Uranium and plutonium were analyzed for isotope ratios and concentrations using high precision magnetic sector inductively coupled mass spectrometry. The data unequivocally shows that plutonium may be dispersed through out the cavity and chimney environment at the time of the detonation. The Pu-239/Pu-240 ratios are also fractionated relative to initial plutonium isotope ratio for the test device. Fractionation is the result of the volatilization of uranium and production of Pu-239 by the reaction U-238 (n,gamma). We conclude that for the test under consideration plutonium was deposited outside of the confines of the cavity by dynamic processes in early-time and it is this plutonium that is most likely transferred to the groundwater regime. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Di, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, DK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Di, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM smith24@llnl.go NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0049-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500002 ER PT J AU Addleman, RS O'Hara, MJ Grate, JW Egorov, OB AF Addleman, RS O'Hara, MJ Grate, JW Egorov, OB TI Chemically enhanced alpha-energy spectroscopy in liquids SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; PLASTICIZED MEMBRANES; SEPARATION; EXTRACTION; URANIUM; FILMS AB Direct alpha-energy spectroscopy in liquids is possible by placing a chemically selective polymer thin film upon the surface of passivated silicon diodes. By utilizing polymer thin films with high affinity for actinides, we have been able to selectively concentrate actinides of interest upon the diode surface, resulting in a substantial increase in sensitivity relative to a direct measurement. With this film coated diodes, we were able to obtain in-situ alpha spectra with energy resolution comparable to that of conventional alpha-spectroscopy. The response of the thin film coated diode was found to be linear over 10(4). The sensitivity and reversibility is a function of the membrane complexation chemistry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Addleman, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM shane.addleman@pnl.gov RI O'Hara, Matthew/I-4967-2013; OI O'Hara, Matthew/0000-0003-3982-5897 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0051-z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500004 ER PT J AU Addleman, RS O'Hara, MJ Marks, T Grate, JW Egorov, OB AF Addleman, RS O'Hara, MJ Marks, T Grate, JW Egorov, OB TI Direct actinide assay with surface passivated silicon diodes SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DETECTORS AB The determination of transuranic (TRU) content in nuclear wastes, reactor materials, process solutions, and various other matrices is required in support of material assessment, environmental restoration, and waste processing activities. We have found that direct measurement of TRU is possible using surface passivated ion implanted planar silicon diode detectors. The performance and durability of modern silicon diodes enables direct detection of alpha-particles, with retention of some spectral information, through small air gaps or under direct contact with liquid or solid samples. We will present results on the performance of silicon diode detectors for the determination of TRU in liquid. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Addleman, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM shane.addleman@pnl.gov RI O'Hara, Matthew/I-4967-2013; OI O'Hara, Matthew/0000-0003-3982-5897 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0052-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500005 ER PT J AU Elliston, JT Glover, SE Filby, RH AF Elliston, JT Glover, SE Filby, RH TI Comparison of direct kinetic phosphorescence analysis and recovery corrected kinetic phosphorescence analysis for the determination of natural uranium in human tissues SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; ISOTOPES; THORIUM; URINE; BODY; DIET AB In the analysis of biological samples with sub ng/g uranium concentrations, pre-concentration has been shown to improve the detection limit for the determination of uranium. Recovery corrected kinetic phosphorescence analysis (KPA) combines pre-concentration and separation of uranium by anion-exchange from human tissues dissolved in 6M HCl, with the radiochemical yield determined by alpha-spectrometry, using U-232 as a tracer. Total uranium is determined by KPA after correction for chemical recovery. Twenty-one randomly selected dissolved tissue samples from the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) Case 0242 were chosen for comparative analyses. The set of samples included dissolved bone and soft tissues. Uranium concentrations for seven of the samples had not been previously reported. Direct KPA could not be used to determine uranium concentrations of five unreported tissues. Three of these tissues had uranium concentrations at or below the KPAL(Q) value of 0.028 ng/ml and two tissues had known matrix interferences. All seven of the unreported tissues were success fully analyzed by recovery corrected KPA; concentrations ranged from 9 to 1380 ng per tissue, including those that could not be analyzed by direct KPA due to matrix problems. Recovery corrected KPA gives results similar to direct KPA where matrix interferences and low detection limits are not encountered. A comparison of the direct method of KPA versus recovery corrected KPA shows marked improvement for the determination of uranium in samples that heretofore either uranium was not detected or the sample had to be drastically diluted to minimize matrix effects in order to measure uranium. C1 Washington State Univ, Nucl Radiat Ctr, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Elliston, JT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Nucl Radiat Ctr, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, POB 641300, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM elliston@wsu.edu RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0053-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500006 ER PT J AU Mecklenburg, SL Becker, GK AF Mecklenburg, SL Becker, GK TI Radiometric holdup measurements: Differential mass holdup of americium and plutonium oxides during preparation of traceable non-destructive assay standards SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Traceable non-destructive assay standards containing mixtures of well characterized americium and plutonium oxides were prepared by blending weighed quantities with a diatomaceous earth matrix and encapsulating in welded zirconium cylinders. Am and Pu retained infabrication process materials (e.g., emptied blend bottles), termed holdup, was quantified by gamma-spectroscopy in order to accurately state the total nuclear material content of the standards. The observed holdup data indicate that the common assumption that Am and Pu holdup behavior is similar does not hold up well in the case of mixed oxides. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Custom Surrogate Matrices Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. RP Mecklenburg, SL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,C-AAC,MS-G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Meck@lanl.gov RI Mecklenburg, Sandra/F-4571-2010 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0058-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500011 ER PT J AU Efurd, DW Steiner, RE Roensch, FR Glover, SE Musgrave, JA AF Efurd, DW Steiner, RE Roensch, FR Glover, SE Musgrave, JA TI Determination of the Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratio in global fallout at two locations in the Northern Hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROCKY FLATS; PLUTONIUM CONTAMINATION; RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT; SOILS; COLORADO AB Extensive soil and sediment sampling was conducted along the Colorado Front Range and the plains east of the Front Range at locations believed to only be exposed to global fallout. The average Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratio in the samples collected in Colorado was determined to be 0.165+/-0.008. A limited number of samples were collected at various locations in the Arctic at approximately 70degrees N latitude. Analyses of these samples predict that the Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratio in environmental samples collected at 70degrees N latitude at locations only containing fallout is 0.183+/-0.009. These results provide data that help to precisely define the Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratios representative of global fallout at the two locations studied. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Isotope & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Efurd, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Isotope & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwe@lanl.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0067-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500020 ER PT J AU McCurdy, D Lin, Z Inn, KGW Bell, R Wagner, S Efurd, DW Steiner, R Duffy, C Hamilton, TF Brown, TA Marchetti, AA AF McCurdy, D Lin, Z Inn, KGW Bell, R Wagner, S Efurd, DW Steiner, R Duffy, C Hamilton, TF Brown, TA Marchetti, AA TI Second interlaboratory comparison study for the analysis of Pu-239 in synthetic urine at the mu Bq (similar to 100 aCi) level by mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIMITS AB As a follow up to the initial 1998 intercomparison study, a second study was initiated in 2001 as part of the ongoing evaluation of the capabilities of various ultra-sensitive methods to analyze Pu-239 in urine samples. The initial study(1) was sponsored by the Department of Energy, Office of International Health Programs to evaluate and validate new technologies that may supersede the existing fission tract analysis (FTA) method for the analysis of Pu-239 in urine at the muBq/l level. The ultra-sensitive techniques evaluated in the second study included accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) by LLNL, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) by LANL and FTA by the University of Utah. Only the results for the mass spectrometric methods will be presented. For the second study, the testing levels were approximately 4, 9, 29 and 56 muBq of Pu-239 per liter of synthetic urine. Each test sample also contained Pu-240 at a Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratio of similar to0.15 and natural uranium at a concentration of 50 muBq/ml. From the results of the two studies, it can be inferred that the best performance at the muBq level is more laboratory specific than method specific. The second study demonstrated that LANL-TIMS and LLNL-AMS had essentially the same quantification level for both isotopes. Study results for bias and precision and acceptable performance compared to ANSI N13.30 and ANSI N42.22 have been compiled. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Int Hlth Program Off, Germantown, MD USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP McCurdy, D (reprint author), 491 Howard St, Northborough, MA USA. EM demccurdy@aol.com NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0075-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500028 ER PT J AU Gonzales, ER Garcia, SR Mahan, C Hang, W AF Gonzales, ER Garcia, SR Mahan, C Hang, W TI Evaluation of mass spectrometry and radiation detection for the analysis of radionuclides SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Radioactive elements are of increasing importance in the areas of human health and safety, the environment, use in terrorism, and nuclear nonproliferation. Accurate and sensitive measurement of fission products, medical isotopes, and actinide species are a vital part of the job entrusted to the national laboratories. Several competing techniques exist. They can be mainly summarized into two categories: radiation and mass spectrometric detection methods. Traditional radiometric counting methods, which are based on the measurement of natural decay of radionuclides, play an important role in the detection of radionuclides. Fission track analysis, which uses thermal neutron induced fission to detect fissionable isotopes, now reaches a limit of detection (LOD) of 10(6) atoms. Of the mass spectrometric detection techniques, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, provides the best sensitivity for the cost in low-level determinations of long-lived radionuclides. Other methods, such as thermal ionization mass spec and accelerator mass spec can provide greater sensitivity in some cases but the cost is higher. Depending on the types of mass analyzers, LOD varies from ng/l to pg/l. More importantly, mass spectrometry is capable of offering precise isotopic ratio information that may act as a fingerprint for identifying the origins of nuclear materials. As the technology matures mass techniques now can provide suitable detection of the shorter-lived isotopes. This criterion is critical as the prompt determination of radionuclides is becoming of overriding importance. This work provides radiometric information displayed in a manner that allows for easy comparison to mass counting. The information can then be used as a general guide to determine the most suitable method to use for the prompt determination of radionuclides. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gonzales, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0076-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500029 ER PT J AU Hang, W Mahan, C Zhu, LW Gonzales, E AF Hang, W Mahan, C Zhu, LW Gonzales, E TI Evaluation of chelation concentration and cation separation of actinides at ultra-trace levels in urine matrix SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCIDENT; EXPOSURE; CS-137 AB The feasibility of measuring picogram levels of actinides in a urine matrix using ion chromatography coupled on-line to an inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer (IC-Q-ICPMS) was investigated. A chelation column for separation of matrix ions and preconcentration of the actinides was combined with a cation-exchange column for separation of the actinides. Sample preparation required simple addition of ammonium acetate to adjust the pH of the urine matrix. Spike solutions containing Th-232, Np-237, U-238, Pu-239, and Am-241 were added to undiluted urine, diluted urine (1:9) and water. Results showed that this approach enhanced the signal sensitivities of all tested actinides over two orders of magnitude in the water matrix, while certain elements (especially Am) can still be effectively concentrated in undiluted urine. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hang, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM weihang@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0077-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500030 ER PT J AU LaMont, SP Shick, CR Cable-Dunlap, P Fauth, DJ LaBone, TR AF LaMont, SP Shick, CR Cable-Dunlap, P Fauth, DJ LaBone, TR TI Plutonium determination in bioassay samples using radiochemical thermal ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PU-239 AB A new high-sensitivity plutonium bioassay program employing thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) has been developed to monitor Savannah River Site employees for intakes of PuO2. The U.S. Department of Energy requires bioassay laboratories which have the ability to detect a 100 mRem, 50-year committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) intake of radioactive material. For PuO2, traditional alpha-spectrometry methods are not sensitive enough to meet this specification. To comply with this requirement, a radiochemical TIMS method was developed to determine Pu in urine bioassay samples. Four radiochemical separation steps were used to purify Pu from urine to ensure samples were free from matrix effects that interfere with TIMS analysis. These included precipitation, ion-extraction chromatography, electrodeposition, and ion-exchange chromatography. A batch of reagent blanks determined the detection limit for this method was 0.59 fg Pu-239/l (1.3 muBq Pu-239/l). The Pu-239 concentration was also measured in 20 urine blank samples to determine the minimum Pu-239 concentration that would indicate an occupational intake. A Probit plot was constructed for the results and the 99th percentile of the urine blanks showed that the minimum Pu-239 concentration that would indicate an uptake was 2.4 fg/l (5.5muBq/l). C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Nonproliferat Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Site Analyt Serv, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Radiat Protect Dept, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP LaMont, SP (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Nonproliferat Technol Sect, Bldg 735-A, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM stephen.lamont@srs.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 477 EP 481 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0078-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500031 ER PT J AU Marchetti, AA Brown, TA Cox, CC Hamilton, TF Martinelli, RE AF Marchetti, AA Brown, TA Cox, CC Hamilton, TF Martinelli, RE TI Accelerator mass spectrometry of actinides SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a sensitive and robust technique typically applied to the quantification of long-lived radioisotopes in samples too small to be decay-counted. AMS is characterized by a high rejection of interferences and a low susceptibility to matrix components, which reduce the demands on sample preparation chemistry. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), we have developed an AMS capability for the measurement of actinide concentrations and isotopic ratios. To date, this capability has been primarily devoted to the measurement of Pu-239 and Pu-240 in bioassay and environmental samples including soils, sediments, waters, and human urine. For these analyses, a known amount of Pu-242 is added to the samples as a reference isotope for normalization. Measurements of standard and intercomparison samples have shown that quantification is accurate and precise from at least 10(6) to 10(11) atoms/sample. Recently, the ratios of Pu-240, Pu-241, Pu-242, and Pu-244 to intrinsic Pu-239 have been successfully measured in soil samples from nuclear test sites. In addition, initial measurements of U and Np isotopes have yielded results consistent with the Pu measurements with respect to sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and linear range. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marchetti, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM marchetti1@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 483 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0079-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500032 ER PT J AU Fassbender, M Jamriska, DJ Hamilton, VT Nortier, FM Phillips, DR AF Fassbender, M Jamriska, DJ Hamilton, VT Nortier, FM Phillips, DR TI Simultaneous Ge-68 and Zr-88 recovery from proton irradiated Ga/Nb capsules (LA-UR #03-2319) SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEDIUM-ENERGY PROTONS; ACTIVATION; EXCHANGE; PRODUCTS; Y-88; ACID; ZINC AB Germanium-68 (270.8 d, EC 100%) is the parent nuclide of Ga-68, a beta(+) emitter important to positron emission tomography (PET). Ge-68 is obtained by a (p,x) induced nuclear reaction on natural Ga. A typical Ga target assembly consists of liquid Ga contained in a Nb capsule, since Nb is one of the few metals resistant to liquid Ga. Zirconium-88 (83.4 d, via Nb-93(p, alpha2n)) is one longer-lived radioisotope generated by the proton irradiation of naturally mono-isotopic Nb-93. It decays into Y-88, which, in turn, has been considered a useful radiolabel surrogate for Y-90 in the investigation of radiolabeled compounds for cancer radioimmunotherapy. This paper introduces a wet chemical procedure for the processing of Nb/Ga target capsules and the simultaneous recovery of Ge-68 and Zr-88. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radioisotape Appl & Prod Team, CINC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fassbender, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radioisotape Appl & Prod Team, CINC, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mifa@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500035 ER PT J AU Knapp, FF Mirzadeh, S Beets, AL Du, M AF Knapp, FF Mirzadeh, S Beets, AL Du, M TI Production of therapeutic radioisotopes in the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) for applications in nuclear medicine, oncologyand interventional cardiology SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AUGER-ELECTRON; SEPARATION; GENERATOR; RE-188 AB Greater availability of therapeutic radioisotopes is required to meet the demands for increasing clinical applications in nuclear medicine, oncology and interventional cardiology. Because of the need for very high specific activity products, methods other than direct neutron capture reactions (n, gamma-elastic and n,n'-inelastic routes) are required to insure that the highest specific activity-and hopefully no carrier added (nca)-radioisotopes are available. Two major methods to obtain nca radioisotopes from reactors are through the use of radionuclide generator systems using reactor produced parents and the formation of desired radioisotopes through beta-decay of reactor-produced species. In this paper we describe our recent development of new approaches to obtain nca Lu-177 from the decay of reactor-produced Yb-177 and free of the long-lived Lu-177m (T-1/2 = 160 d) radiocontaminant. We also describe preliminary results of our new "indirect" method for the production of Pt-195m via decay of Ir-195m, reactor produced by neutron irradiation of highly enriched Ir-193. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Program, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Knapp, FF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Program, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM knappffjr@ornl.gov NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500036 ER PT J AU Miller, GG Rogers, PZ Palmer, P Dry, D Rundberg, R Fowler, M Wilhelmy, J AF Miller, GG Rogers, PZ Palmer, P Dry, D Rundberg, R Fowler, M Wilhelmy, J TI Preparation of radioactive rare earth targets for neutron capture study SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION-EXCHANGE; ELEMENTS; OXIDES; ROCKS AB The neutron capture behavior of certain radioactive rare earth nuclides, among them Tm-171 and Sm-151, is of interest for astrophysical reasons and for the interpretation of radiochemical data from underground nuclear tests. In order to measure neutron capture excitation functions for these radionuclides, targets were produced that met stringent requirements. This paper describes the purification chemistry and target preparation methods that were employed in order to deliver appropriate samples for study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, GG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MSM 319, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ggm@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 527 EP 530 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0087-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500040 ER PT J AU Meinken, GE Kurczak, S Mausner, LF Kolsky, KL Srivastava, SC AF Meinken, GE Kurczak, S Mausner, LF Kolsky, KL Srivastava, SC TI Production of high specific activity Ge-68 at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Germanium-68 is produced at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP) by irradiating Ga-nat targets with similar to45 MeV protons. Typical irradiation yields are 17.4 GBq (470 mCi) from a 4 week irradiation (0.52 MBq/muAh). Germanium-68 is recovered from the target by extraction into 4N HCl and 30% H2O2. Further purification is achieved by extraction into carbon tetrachloride and back-extraction into H2O. Recovery yields are greater than 85%, with greater than 99% radiopurity, and activity concentrations are greater than 3.15 GBq/ml (85 mCi/ml). The final pH of the product solution, which is 0.03M diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), can now be adjusted to user specifications. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Meinken, GE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kolsky@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 553 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0091-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500044 ER PT J AU Geets, J Borremans, B Vangronsveld, J Diels, L van der Lelie, D AF Geets, J Borremans, B Vangronsveld, J Diels, L van der Lelie, D TI Molecular monitoring of SRB community structure and dynamics in batch experiments to examine the applicability of in situ precipitation of heavy metals for groundwater remediation SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE 16S rDNA; bacterial sulfate reduction; bioremediation; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsr); groundwater; heavy metals; metal sulfides; phylogenetic analysis; sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BIOGENIC SULFIDE; REDUCTION; SOIL; PROKARYOTES; PHYLOGENY; DIVERSITY; LINEAGES; AQUIFER AB Background, Aims and Scope. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are known for their capacity to reduce and precipitate heavy metals (HM) as metal sulfides, offering the opportunity to create an in situ reactive zone for the treatment of heavy metalcontaminated groundwater, a process called in situ metal precipitation (ISMP). The applicability of the ISMP technology first has to be investigated at a laboratory scale before going into an on site application. The evaluation and optimization of the ISMP process is facilitated when physical/chemical analysis techniques are combined with molecular tools that specifically monitor the abundance, diversity and dynamics of the indigenous sulfate reducing microbial community. In this study, batch experiments were conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of ISMP as a groundwater remediation strategy for an industrial site contaminated with elevated levels of Zn, Cd, Co and Ni. Methods. The potential of different types of carbon source/ electron donor (lactate, acetate, methanol, ethanol, Hydrogen Retease Compound (R), molasses) to stimulate the sulfate reduction and metal precipitation activity of the naturally present (or indigenous) SRB community was explored. In addition, the effect of amending vitamin B12 and yeast extract was evaluated. The ISMP process was monitored by combining analytical analyzes of process parameters (SO(4)(2-)concentration, heavy metal concentrations, pH, Eh) with molecular tools such as SRB subgroup and genus specific PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and phylogenetic analysis of clone sequences, based on either the 16S rRNA or the dsr (dissimilatory sulfite reductase) gene. Results and Discussion. The efficiency of different carbon-sources to stimulate the ISMP process followed the order HRC (R) > molasses > methanol > lactate > ethanol > acetate. Within 10 weeks, the highest sulfate and metal removal efficiencies ranged from 85% to 99%. Addition of yeast extract boosted the ISMP process, whereas vitamin B12 negligibly affected SRB activity. Analysis of the sulfate reducing population by SRB subgroup and genus specific PCR demonstrated that members of the genus Desulfosporosinus dominated in all batch tests, while 16S rDNA DGGE profiles additionally revealed the presence in the micro- bial communities of non-sulfate reducing bacteria within the family Clostridium and the epsilon-proteobacteria. The dsrB-based DGGE profiles allowed us to assess the diversity and dynamics of the sulfate reducing community and added to a better understanding of the effects of different batch conditions on the ISMP process. Remarkably, all dsrB sequences affiliated with the dsrB gene sequence cluster found in Desulfotomaculum, which received their xenologous dsrB gene from the 8-proteobacteria. Conclusions. The batch experiments, which aimed at stimulating the activities of the indigenous SRB communities, demonstrated that these communities were present and that their activities could be used to obtain efficient in situ precipitation of the contaminating heavy metals. This opens the possibility to test this concept in the future as an on site demonstration as part of the groundwater strategy for the heavy metal contaminated site. Although batch setups are suitable for preliminary feasibility studies for ISMP, they do not reflect the in situ situation where sulfate and heavy metal and metalloid polluted groundwater are supplied continuously. A sulfate reducing strain JG32A was isolated from whose 16S rRNA gene affiliated with the genus Desulfosporosinus, while its dsrB gene sequence clustered with Desulfotomaculum dsrB gene sequences, which received their xenologous dsr genes from 8-proteobacteria. Therefore we hypothesize that the batch experiments enrich members of the Desulfosporosinus genus that possess a non-orthologous dsrB gene. Recommendation and Perspective. The next step towards an on site pilot test for ISMP will be the setup of a series of column experiments, with process conditions that are selected based on the above mentioned results. This will allow to define optimal ISMP process conditions and to test its long-term efficacy and sustainability before going into an on site bioremediation application. By applying the described molecular tools together with physical-chemical analyzes, it can be investigated whether the same SRB community is enriched and which type of C-source is most effective in promoting and sustaining its growth and sulfatereduction activity. C1 Limburgs Univ Ctr, Dept Chem Biol & Geol, Environm Biol Grp, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Flemish Inst Technol Res Environm & Proc Technol, MPT, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Limburgs Univ Ctr, Dept Chem Biol & Geol, Environm Biol Grp, Univ Campus, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. EM vdlelied@bnl.gov NR 36 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 34 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOILS SEDIMENTS JI J. Soils Sediments PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1065/jss2004.12.125 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 958WE UT WOS:000231478100005 ER PT J AU Shin, H Jung, HS Hong, KS Lee, JK AF Shin, H Jung, HS Hong, KS Lee, JK TI Crystal phase evolution of TiO2 nanoparticles with reaction time in acidic solutions studied via freeze-drying method SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TiO2; crystallization; TiO2 nanoparticle; acid; anatase; rutile ID HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; RUTILE TRANSFORMATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ANATASE; POWDERS; TEMPERATURE; PEPTIZATION; KINETICS; GROWTH AB The crystal phase evolution of TiO2 nanoparticles, during hydrolysis and condensation of titanium tetraisopropoxide, was quenched at various reaction times by a freeze-drying method, followed by various characterizations. Three types of solutions with different acid input times were studied: (1) addition in infinite time (no addition), (2) addition at 24h after the hydrolysis/ condensation reaction started, and (3) addition from the beginning of the reaction. The acid-free solution yielded amorphous TiO2, which transformed to anatase very slowly. The acid input in 24h resulted in a fast transformation of amorphous to a metastable anatase having a highly distorted atomic arrangement: thereby its transformation to a more stable phase, rutile, was suitable. The acid addition from the beginning of the reaction yielded the formation of a relatively stable anatase from the hydrolysis seed, thereby the subsequent transformation to rutile was sluggish. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jung, HS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, San 56-1, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM purey2@snu.ac.kr RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.09.035 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 897YG UT WOS:000227042200003 ER PT J AU Wallwork, KS Kennedy, BJ Zhou, QD Lee, Y Vogt, T AF Wallwork, KS Kennedy, BJ Zhou, QD Lee, Y Vogt, T TI Pressure and temperature-dependent structural studies of Ba2BiTaO6 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phase transition; double perovskite; bismuth oxide ID PHASE-TRANSITION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; DOUBLE PEROVSKITES; PRALO3 AB The ordered double perovskite Ba2BiTaO6 is shown to undergo a first-order rhombohedral (R 3) to monoclinic (I2/m) phase transition, which can be induced by either lowering the temperature or through the application of pressure. The structures in both phases have been refined from high resolution neutron powder diffraction data at various temperatures, while the high pressure measurements utilised synchrotron X-ray diffraction data. The rhombohedral structure is characterised by out-of-phase tilts about the [111] axis. In the monoclinic structure the tilt axis has changed to be about the [110] axis; however, the magnitude of the tilts in the two structures is remarkably similar. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Struct Chem & Biol, Ctr Heave Met Res F11, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kennedy, BJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Struct Chem & Biol, Ctr Heave Met Res F11, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM kennedyb@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016; OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.11.012 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 897YG UT WOS:000227042200031 ER PT J AU Holm, AP Ozawa, TC Kauzlarich, SM Morton, SA Waddill, GD Tobin, JG AF Holm, AP Ozawa, TC Kauzlarich, SM Morton, SA Waddill, GD Tobin, JG TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14ZnSb11 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE XPS; intermetallic; zintl phase; half-metallic; Yb mixed valency; single crystal ID VALENCE FLUCTUATION; ZINTL COMPOUNDS; BAND-STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE; YB4SB3; YB4BI3; YB AB Measurements of core and valence electronic states of single crystals of the rare earth transition metal Zintl phases Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14ZnSb11 were performed using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy station of Beamline 7 at the Advanced Light Source. Sample surfaces of Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14ZnSb11 were measured as received, after Ar+ ion bombardment, and after cleaving in situ. The single crystal structure of Yb14ZnSb11 I is also reported. Both compounds are air-sensitive and show Yb3+ due to surface oxidation. In the case of Yb14MnSb11, there is no evidence for Yb3+ that would be intrinsic to the sample, consistent with previously reported X-ray magnetic circular dichroism studies. Detailed analyses of the Yb14ZnSb11 surfaces reveal a significant contribution of both Yb3+ and Yb2+ 4f states in the valence band region. This result is predicted for the Zn analog by Zintl counting rules and support the mixed valency of Yb for Yb14ZnSb11. Further detailed analysis of the core and valence band structure of both Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14ZnSb11 is presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smkauzlarich@ucdavis.edu RI Ozawa, Tadashi C./B-2535-2012; Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 OI Ozawa, Tadashi C./0000-0003-0118-115X; NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 262 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.07.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 897YG UT WOS:000227042200039 ER PT J AU Typke, D Nordmeyer, RA Jones, A Lee, JY Avila-Sakar, A Downing, KH Glaeser, RM AF Typke, D Nordmeyer, RA Jones, A Lee, JY Avila-Sakar, A Downing, KH Glaeser, RM TI High-throughput film-densitometry: an efficient approach to generate large data sets SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; film densitometer; film-handling robot; Nikon Super Coolscan S000 ED; modulation transfer function; MTF; Wiener filter; signal-to-noise ratio; geometric distortions ID ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CCD CAMERAS; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SINGLE PARTICLES; 400 KV; RESOLUTION; PERFORMANCE; VISUALIZATION AB A film-handling machine (robot) has been built which can, in conjunction with a commercially available film densitometer. exchange and digitize over 300 electron micrographs per day. Implementation of robotic film handling effectively eliminates the delay and tedium associated with digitizing images when data are initially recorded on photographic film. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the commercially available densitometer is significantly worse than that of a high-end. scientific microdensitometer. Nevertheless, its signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is quite excellent, allowing substantial restoration of the output to "near-to-perfect" performance. Due to the large area of the standard electron microscope film that can be digitized by the commercial densitometer (up to 10,000 x 13,680 pixels with an appropriately coded holder), automated film digitization offers a fast and inexpensive alternative to high-end CCD cameras as a means of acquiring large amounts of image data in electron microscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rmglaeser@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62989] NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 149 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2004.09.003 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 887MT UT WOS:000226310900003 PM 15629654 ER PT J AU Yang, C Ng, EG Penczek, PA AF Yang, C Ng, EG Penczek, PA TI Unified 3-D structure and projection orientation refinement using quasi-Newton algorithm SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3-D structure determination; electron microscopy; Quasi-Newton algorithm ID 3D ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PARTICLES; ALIGNMENT; RIBOSOME; COMPLEX; MICROGRAPHS; RESOLUTION; ANGSTROM AB We describe an algorithm for simultaneous refinement of a three-dimensional (3-D) density map and of the orientation parameters of two-dimensional (2-D) projections that are used to reconstruct this map. The application is in electron microscopy, where the 3-D structure of a protein has to be determined from a set of 2-D projections collected at random but initially unknown angles. The design of the algorithm is based on the assumption that initial low resolution approximation of the density map and reasonable guesses for orientation parameters are available. Thus, the algorithm is applicable in final stages of the structure refinement. when the quality of the results is of main concern. We define the objective function to be minimized in real space and solve the resulting nonlinear optimization problem using a Quasi-Newton algorithm. We calculate analytical derivatives with respect to density distribution and the finite difference approximations of derivatives with respect to orientation parameters. We demonstrate that calculation of derivatives is robust with respect to noise in the data. This is due to the fact that noise is annihilated by the back-projection operations. Our algorithm is distinguished from other orientation refinement methods (i) by the simultaneous update of the density map and orientation parameters resulting in a highly efficient computational scheme and (ii) by the high quality of the results produced by a direct minimization of the discrepancy between the 2-D data and the projected views of the reconstructed 3-D structure. We demonstrate the speed and accuracy of our method by using simulated data. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Houston Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Penczek, PA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Houston Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 6431 Fannin,MSB 6-218, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Pawel.A.Penczek@uth.tmc.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM60635, P01 GM 064692] NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 149 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2004.08.010 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 887MT UT WOS:000226310900006 PM 15629657 ER PT J AU Wang, HW Nogales, E AF Wang, HW Nogales, E TI An iterative Fourier-Bessel algorithm for reconstruction of helical structures with severe Bessel overlap SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE helical reconstruction; Bessel overlap; iterative algorithm ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; ELECTRON-MICROGRAPHS; MICROTUBULE STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; THICK FILAMENTS; MICROSCOPY; IMAGES; MUSCLE; CRYOMICROSCOPY; VISUALIZATION AB Classical Fourier-Bessel methodology fails when used to reconstruct helical structures with severe Bessel overlap on the layer lines. In the reconstruction of a peculiar type of double-layered helical tube of GDP-tubulin, we face the problem of Bessel overlap on all the layer lines due to the superposition of the Fourier components from the inner and outer layers of the tube. In order to decompose the Fourier terms of the inner and outer layers more than one image of the tubes must be combined and the orientations of their inner and outer layer helices must be determined. While there is no direct analytical method to determine these orientational parameters, we have devised all iterative Fourier-Bessel algorithm to calculate the correct orientations and thus allow us to obtain a reconstruction from multiple images of the double-layered tubes. The algorithm successfully works for the reconstruction of computer-modeled double-layered helical tubes as well as with real images obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. The algorithm has also been applied with very satisfactory results to the reconstruction of 13-protofilament microtubules, which is another helical structure that suffer Bessel overlap, suggesting its generality. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM enogales@lbl.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 149 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2004.08.006 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 887MT UT WOS:000226310900007 PM 15629658 ER PT J AU Ascone, I Fourme, R Hasnain, S Hodgson, K AF Ascone, I Fourme, R Hasnain, S Hodgson, K TI Metallogenomics and biological X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE BioXAS; EXAFS; XANES; metalloproteins; metallogenomics ID METALLOPROTEINS AB An overview of the second special issue of the journal on biological applications of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (BioXAS) is presented. The emphasis is on the study of metalloproteins in the context of structural genomics programmes (metallogenomics). C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. SERC, Daresbury Lab, N W Struct Genom Ctr, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Stanford Univ, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ascone, I (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, Rome P A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM isabella.ascone@uniromal.it RI Ascone, Isabella/A-8599-2010 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1107/S0909049504033412 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 882TJ UT WOS:000225960900001 PM 15616356 ER PT J AU Latimer, MJ Ito, K McPhillips, SE Hedman, B AF Latimer, MJ Ito, K McPhillips, SE Hedman, B TI Integrated instrumentation for combined polarized single-crystal XAS and diffraction data acquisition for biological applications SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE single-crystal XAS; EXAFS; polarization; diffraction ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; K-EDGE; SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGENASE; SYSTEM; EXAFS AB Single-crystal X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) instrumentation, allowing sequential integrated XAS and crystallographic data acquisition during the same experiment and on the same beamline, has been developed for SSRL beamline 9-3, a wiggler side station dedicated to general user biological XAS. The implementation includes a Huber kappa goniometer, Canberra 30-element Ge detector for XAS data collection, open-flow LHe and LN2 crystal coolers, a microscope for crystal alignment in the beam, and a MarCCD crystallography detector. The kappa goniometer allows a large accessible angular range with an open geometry, affording access to detectors and open stream coolers, as well as future instrumentation. Applicable standard hardware on SSRL crystallography beamlines has been incorporated, with crystallographic data collection controlled via the Blu-Ice software developed by the SSRL SMB macromolecular crystallography group. XAS data collection is handled through the SSRL standard XAS-Collect software. Initial diffraction and XAS data from single crystals using an open-flow cryostat are presented. The instrument will be available to general users after the SPEAR3 upgrade in 2004, and future expansion for use in high-throughput structural genomics XAS is proposed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1107/S0909049504027839 PN 1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 882TJ UT WOS:000225960900006 PM 15616361 ER PT J AU Corbett, MC Tezcan, FA Einsle, O Walton, MY Rees, DC Latimer, MJ Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF Corbett, MC Tezcan, FA Einsle, O Walton, MY Rees, DC Latimer, MJ Hedman, B Hodgson, KO TI MoK- and L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of the ADP center dot AIF(4)(-)-stabilized nitrogenase complex: comparison with MoFe protein in solution and single crystal SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE nitrogenase; EXAFS; XAS; diffraction ID AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII NITROGENASE; TRANSITION-STATE COMPLEX; FE-PROTEIN; ALUMINUM FLUORIDE; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; EXAFS; COFACTOR; MECHANISM; FIXATION; BINDING AB The utility of using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study metalloproteins and, specifically, the enzyme complex nitrogenase, is highlighted by this study comparing both the structural and Mo-localized electronic features of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco) in isolated MoFe protein and in the ADP.AlF4-- stabilized complex of the MoFe protein with the Fe protein. No major differences are found at Mo between the two protein forms. The excellent quality of the data at both the Mo K and L edges will provide a baseline for analysis of other intermediates in the nitrogenase cycle. A new capability to delineate various contributions in the resting state of FeMoco is being pursued through polarized single-crystal XAS. The initial results point to the feasibility of using this technique for the analysis of scattering from the as yet unidentified atom at the center of FeMoco. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45162] NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1107/S0909049504027827 PN 1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 882TJ UT WOS:000225960900007 PM 15616362 ER PT J AU Chen, SP Yan, L Gorton, I Liu, A AF Chen, SP Yan, L Gorton, I Liu, A TI Performance prediction of component-based applications SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article AB One of the major problems in building large-scale enterprise systems is anticipating the performance of the eventual solution before it has been built. The fundamental software engineering problem becomes more difficult when the systems are built on component technology. This paper investigates the feasibility of providing a practical solution to this problem. An empirical approach is proposed to determine the performance characteristics of component-based applications by benchmarking and profiling. Based on observation, a model is constructed to act as a performance predictor for a class of applications based on the specific component technology. The performance model derived from empirical measures is necessary to make the problem tractable and the results relevant. A case study applies the performance model to an application prototype implemented by two component infrastructures: CORBA and J2EE. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Informat Technol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN-K7-28, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ian.gorton@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009; Chen, Shiping/B-7492-2011 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 EI 1873-1228 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2003.05.005 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 865MV UT WOS:000224708100005 ER PT J AU Qu, J Truhan, JJ Blau, PJ AF Qu, J Truhan, JJ Blau, PJ TI Application of the ASTM loop abrasion test to cylindrical specimens SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE loop abrasion; abrasive wear; steel; ceramic; cermet ID WEAR BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; STEEL AB The loop abrasion test (based on ASTM G 174-03) was modified to accommodate cylindrical specimens in place of the usual flat specimens. Hardened AISI 52100 steel, a galling-resistant stainless steel (Nitronic 50). transformation-toughened zirconia ceramic and an advanced composite containing Ni3Al and TiC (cermet) were used to validate the new testing geometry. The weight change and the scar width were measured, and the calculated wear volumes for each metric were compared with very good correlation. Each test was interrupted periodically in order to determine the effect of sliding distance on the wear rate. In general, a higher wear rate was observed during wear-in followed by a nearly constant steady-state wear rate. The initial high wear rate was contributed primarily by the fresh abrasive and secondarily by the high contact The loop abrasion test has good repeatability and sensitivity for ranking materials. The abrasion resistance of both the cermet and the zircortia was much higher than that of Nitronic 50 and hardened 52100 steel. Even though the hardness of the cermet is lower than zirconia. it had the highest abrasion resistance in this study. Comparative tests on cylindrical and traditional flat specimens (per ASTM G 174-03) showed Similar wear behavior with slightly higher wear rate for the cylindrical specimens due to higher contact stress. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Qu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6063, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 884KD UT WOS:000226082700002 ER PT J AU Johnson, P Sutin, A AF Johnson, P Sutin, A TI Slow dynamics and anomalous nonlinear fast dynamics in diverse solids SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-FRICTION; ELASTICITY; RESONANCE AB Results are reported of the first systematic study of anomalous nonlinear fast dynamics and slow dynamics in a number of solids. Observations are presented from seven diverse materials showing that anomalous nonlinear fast dynamics (ANFD) and slow dynamics (SD) occur together, significantly expanding the nonlinear mesoscopic elasticity class. The materials include samples of gray iron, alumina ceramic, quartzite, cracked Pyrex, marble, sintered metal, and perovskite ceramic. In addition, it is shown that materials which exhibit ANFD have very similar ratios of amplitude-dependent internal-friction to the resonance-frequency shift with strain amplitude. The ratios range between 0.28 and, 0.63, except for cracked Pyrex glass, which exhibits a ratio of 1.1, and the ratio appears to be a material characteristic. The ratio of internal friction to resonance frequency shift as a function of time during SD is time independent, ranging from 0.23 to 0.43 for the materials studied. (C) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Johnson, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM paj@lanl.gov; asutin@stevens-tech.edu RI Barsoum, Michel/I-2842-2012 OI Barsoum, Michel/0000-0001-7800-3517 NR 28 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1121/1.1823351 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 887VY UT WOS:000226334800012 PM 15704405 ER PT J AU Tikare, V Braginsky, M Olevsky, E Johnson, DL AF Tikare, V Braginsky, M Olevsky, E Johnson, DL TI Numerical simulation of anisotropic shrinkage in a 2D compact of elongated particles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY; DIFFUSION; ALUMINA; GROWTH; ORIENTATION; CERAMICS; SURFACE AB Microstructural evolution during simple solid-state sintering of two-dimensional compacts of elongated particles packed in different arrangements was simulated using a kinetic, Monte Carlo model. The model used simulates curvature-driven grain growth, pore migration by surface diffusion, vacancy formation, diffusion along grain boundaries, and annihilation. Only the shape of the particles was anisotropic; all other extensive thermodynamic and kinetic properties such as surface energies and diffusivities were isotropic. We verified our model by simulating sintering in the analytically tractable cases of simple-packed and close-packed, elongated particles and comparing the shrinkage rate anisotropies with those predicted analytically. Once our model was verified, we used it to simulate sintering in a powder compact of aligned, elongated particles of arbitrary size and shape to gain an understanding of differential shrinkage. Anisotropic shrinkage occurred in all compacts with aligned, elongated particles. However, the direction of higher shrinkage was in some cases along the direction of elongation and in other cases in the perpendicular direction, depending on the details of the powder compact. In compacts of simple-packed, mono-sized, elongated particles, shrinkage was higher in the direction of elongation. In compacts of close-packed, mono-sized, elongated particles and of elongated particles with a size and shape distribution, the shrinkage was lower in the direction of elongation. The results of these simulations are analyzed, and the implication of these results is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Tikare, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM vtikare@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00042.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 899PY UT WOS:000227158100010 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA Tang, K Smith, RD AF Shvartsburg, AA Tang, K Smith, RD TI Optimization of the design and operation of FAIMS analyzers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MOBILITIES; PER-TRILLION LEVELS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UBIQUITIN CONFORMERS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HALOACETIC ACIDS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; DRINKING-WATER AB Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) holds significant promise for post-ionization separations in conjunction with mass-spectrometric analyses. However, a limited understanding of fundamentals of FAIMS analyzers has made their design and operation largely an empirical exercise. Recently, we developed an a priori simulation of FAIMS that accounts for both ion diffusion (including anisotropic components) and Coulomb repulsion, and validated it by extensive comparisons with FAIMS/MS data. Here it is corroborated further by FAIMS-only measurements, and applied to explore how key instrumental parameters (analytical gap width and length, waveform frequency and profile, the identity and flow speed of buffer gas) affect FAIMS response. We find that the trade-off between resolution and sensitivity can be managed by varying gap width, RF frequency, and (in certain cases) buffer gas, with equivalent outcome. In particular, the resolving power can be approximately doubled compared to "typical" conditions. Throughput may be increased by either accelerating the gas flow (preferable) or shortening the device, but below certain minimum residence times performance deteriorates. Bisinusoidal and clipped-sinusoidal waveforms have comparable merit, but switching to rectangular waveforms would improve resolution and/or sensitivity. For any waveform profile, the ratio of two between voltages in high and low portions of the cycle produces the best performance. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 3335 Q Ave K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 53 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.09.009 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 889GU UT WOS:000226432300001 PM 15653358 ER PT J AU Sluszny, C Yeung, ES Nikolau, BJ AF Sluszny, C Yeung, ES Nikolau, BJ TI In-situ probing of the biotic-abiotic boundary of plants by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FREE SAMPLE PREPARATION; ECERIFERUM MUTANTS; CUTICULAR WAX; ARABIDOPSIS; MALDI; BIOSYNTHESIS; IONIZATION; DESORPTION; ALKANES AB Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (LDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was applied for the direct analysis of cuticular waxes on intact plant tissues. Cuticular wax compounds were ionized by laser desorption in the presence of colloidal silver. Silver-adduct ions were detected on samples from Arabidopsis thaliana and from maize. Good spot-to-spot reproducibility indicated homogeneous coverage of the sample by the fine colloidal material. The results were consistent with GC-MS analyses of cuticular extracts, thus confirming the feasibility of direct analysis based on this protocol. Molecular masses of the adduct ions correspond well with the known composition of cuticular waxes. Moreover, LDI-TOF gave good estimates of the relative local abundances of a given compound. However, bias was found in cases where compounds with different ionization efficiencies were analyzed. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.09.023 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 889GU UT WOS:000226432300013 PM 15653370 ER PT J AU Vijayaraghavan, K Nikolov, A Wasan, D Calloway, B Stone, M Lambert, D AF Vijayaraghavan, K Nikolov, A Wasan, D Calloway, B Stone, M Lambert, D TI Foaming and antifoaming in a gas-liquid-finely divided particulate system SO JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Article DE janus particles; foams; boiling; antifoamer ID PARTICLES AB Foaming in slurries and sludges is of immediate concern because of the environmental hazards posed during the safe disposal of radioactive wastes. The present research studied foaminess in simulated radioactive waste, which is a highly alkaline sludge, during dynamic conditions (i.e. boiling). A maximum in foaminess is observed which is due to two competing effects: Amphiphilic particles promoting foaminess by attachment to the bubble surfaces and foam inhibition due to clustering of particles. The maximum in foaminess was of the order of 400 vol% which is detrimental for the working of the commercial evaporator. The antifoaming action of a commercial antifoam agent was investigated as well as an improved antifoamer recently developed by IIT in conjunction with researchers at SRNL. C1 IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wasan, D (reprint author), IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CHINESE INST CHEMICAL ENGINEER PI TAIPEI PA NATL TSING HUA UNIV, HSINCHU, DEPT CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, TAIPEI 300, TAIWAN SN 0368-1653 J9 J CHIN INST CHEM ENG JI J. Chin. Inst. Chem. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 912JW UT WOS:000228075000005 ER PT J AU Adcock, PA Pacheco, SV Norman, KM Uribe, FA AF Adcock, PA Pacheco, SV Norman, KM Uribe, FA TI Transition metal oxides as reconfigured fuel cell anode catalysts for improved CO tolerance: Polarization data SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE REMOVAL; PREFERENTIAL OXIDATION; HYDROGEN; METHANOL; SUPPORT; GASES; H-2 AB We are developing a fuel-cell-integrated approach for enhancing the effectiveness of air-bleed for CO tolerance of hydrogen and reformate polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), called the "reconfigured anode" (RCA) [F. A. Uribe, J. A,.Valerio, F. H. Garzon, and T. A. Zawodzinski, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 7, A376 (2004)]. It consists of a small modification to the backing cloth placed on the anode side of each membrane electrode assembly in a stack. A catalyst layer is placed on the gas-feed side of the cloth to catalyze oxidation of CO, utilizing the oxygen introduced in a small air-bleed. The purpose is to enhance the effectiveness of the air-bleed to achieve a high CO tolerance. We synthesized model RCA catalysts based on transition metal oxides, which were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller techniques. Here we present performance data from polarization curves measured on fuel cells with air bleed using these model RCA catalysts. The results indicate that by using an RCA and air-bleed it is possible to raise the CO tolerance of a. Pt/C anode to the same level as that of an anode with a Pt-Ru/C catalyst with similar platinum loading and without other means of CO mitigation. The RCA represents a built-in safety net for CO transients, which could be applied to PEMFCs destined to operate on a reformer-derived, hydrogen-rich fuel stream. (C) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Device Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adcock, PA (reprint author), Campbellsville Univ, Div Nat Sci, Campbellsville, KY 42718 USA. EM paadcock@campbellsville.edu NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 2 BP A459 EP A466 DI 10.1149/1.1851057 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 899KD UT WOS:000227142400029 ER PT J AU Alamgir, FM Strauss, E denBoer, M Greenbaum, S Whitacre, JF Kao, CC Neih, S AF Alamgir, FM Strauss, E denBoer, M Greenbaum, S Whitacre, JF Kao, CC Neih, S TI LiCoO2 thin-film batteries structural changes and charge compensation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; SECONDARY BATTERIES; SPECTROSCOPY; LIXCOO2 AB In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a thin-film LiCoO2-based secondary battery is reported. Batteries made with thin-film LiCoO2 cathodes annealed at 500 degrees C were found to be electrochemically very similar to their counterparts using bulk cathodes. Complementary information from the near-edge and extended structure from the Co K-edge revealed the electronic and atomic structure, respectively, around Co as a function of Li content. The electronic and atomic structure of Li(1-x)CoO2 indicates that upon Li removal, charge compensation occurs both by formation of O as well as Co holes until x reaches 0.25, after which it occurs only by formation of Co d-holes. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10021 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Front Edge Technol, Baldwin Pk, CA 91706 USA. RP Alamgir, FM (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM steve.greenbaum@hunter.cuny.edu OI Alamgir, Faisal/0000-0002-0894-8096 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 5 BP A845 EP A849 DI 10.1149/1.1872672 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918EA UT WOS:000228521400001 ER PT J AU Chalkova, E Fedkin, MV Wesolowski, DJ Lvov, SN AF Chalkova, E Fedkin, MV Wesolowski, DJ Lvov, SN TI Effect of TiO2 surface properties on performance of nafion-based composite membranes in high temperature and low relative humidity PEM fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; OPERATION; 100-DEGREES-C; FILLER AB Nafion/10% (mass % is used in this paper) TiO2 composite membranes were studied in a H-2/O-2 proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell over a range of relative humidity (RH) from 26 to 50% at temperatures of 80 and 120 degrees C. According to the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) structural analysis, the composite Nafion/TiO2 membranes had a two-layer structure, one layer enriched with TiO2 particles, and the other dominated by the Nafion polymer. Although the TiO2 particles were mainly concentrated on one side of the composite membrane, sufficient hydration was apparently achieved for the whole membrane. Two TiO2 (rutile) powders used for the preparation of the composite membranes differed in specific surface area (SSA), surface zeta potential, and particle morphology. A TiO2 powder with five times higher SSA, 22 mV higher zeta potential (at the low-pH limit), and distinctly different individual particle and particle aggregate morphologies resulted in a four-times increase of current density (at 0.6 V) when the composite membranes were made and tested in PEM fuel cell at temperature of 120 degrees C and relative humidity of 26%. We speculate that a greater number of protonated sites per unit mass of powder in the membrane and a higher density of the protonated sites contribute to the enhanced fuel cell performance. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Geoenvironm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chalkova, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lvov@psu.edu NR 23 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 9 BP A1742 EP A1747 DI 10.1149/1.1971216 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 953HD UT WOS:000231066300008 ER PT J AU Chalkova, E Pague, MB Fedkin, MV Wesolowski, DJ Lvov, SN AF Chalkova, E Pague, MB Fedkin, MV Wesolowski, DJ Lvov, SN TI Nafion/TiO2 proton conductive composite membranes for PEMFCs operating at elevated temperature and reduced relative humidity SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; INTERFACE; MICROELECTROPHORESIS; SUPPRESSION; CROSSOVER AB Nafion/TiO2 composite membranes with different TiO2 contents were studied in an H-2/O-2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) over a wide range of relative humidity (RH) values from 26 to 100% at temperatures of 80 and 120&DEG; C. The composite membranes, which were prepared using a recast procedure, showed a pronounced improvement over unmodified Nafion membranes when operated at 120&DEG; C and reduced RH. For instance, at 50% RH, the Nafion/20% TiO2 membrane demonstrated a performance identical to that of an unmodified Nafion membrane operated at 100% RH. This performance level was comparable to that of a bare Nafion membrane at 80&DEG; C. The high performance of the Nafion/TiO2 composite membranes at low RH was attributed to improved water retention due to the presence of absorbed water species in the electrical double layer on the TiO2 surface. The zeta potential and thickness of the hydrodynamically immobile water layer at the TiO2/water interface were discussed as parameters influencing the water balance in the membranes. The obtained experimental PEMFC performance data were fitted using an analytical equation, and calculated parameters were analyzed as functions of RH and TiO2 content in the composite membranes. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Geoenvironm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chalkova, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lvov@psu.edu NR 23 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP A1035 EP A1040 DI 10.1149/1.1895225 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 931HB UT WOS:000229475300001 ER PT J AU Cherepy, NJ Krueger, R Fiet, KJ Jankowski, AF Cooper, JF AF Cherepy, NJ Krueger, R Fiet, KJ Jankowski, AF Cooper, JF TI Direct conversion of carbon fuels in a molten carbonate fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE AB Anodes of elemental carbon may be discharged in a galvanic cell, using molten carbonate electrolyte, at power densities of 40-100 mW/cm(2). We report cell polarization, surface area, primary particle size, and crystallization index for nine particulate carbon samples derived from fuel oil, methane, coal, biochar, and petroleum coke. At 800degreesC, 50-125 mA/cm(2) current densities were measured at a cell voltage of 0.8 V. Power densities were nearly the same on scales of 2.8 and 60 cm(2) active area. Constant current operation of a small cell was accompanied by constant voltage during multiple tests of 10-30 h duration. Cell voltage fell off after the carbon inventory was consumed. Three cathode structures are compared, indicating improved rates for a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory-fabricated porous nickel electrode with <10 μm pores compared with nickel foam with 100-300 μm pores. Petroleum coke containing substantial sulfur and ash discharges at a slightly lower rate than purified petroleum coke. Sulfur degrades the anode current collector over time. A conceptual model for electrochemical reactivity of carbon is presented, and indicates the importance of (i) bulk lattice disorder, which continually provides surface reactive sites during anodic dissolution, and (ii) electrical conductivity, which lowers the ohmic component of anode polarization. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cherepy, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cherepy1@llnl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 23 TC 160 Z9 165 U1 9 U2 70 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A80 EP A87 DI 10.1149/1.1836129 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900013 ER PT J AU Chung, BW Chervin, CN Haslam, JJ Pham, AQ Glass, RS AF Chung, BW Chervin, CN Haslam, JJ Pham, AQ Glass, RS TI Development and characterization of a high performance thin-film planar SOFC stack SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; TEMPERATURE; ANODE AB A planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was fabricated using a tape-cast Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode support, a YSZ thin-film electrolyte, and a composite cathode of YSZ and (La0.85Sr0.14)(0.98)MnO3 (LSM). Using pure hydrogen as the fuel gas, a three-cell stack with a cross-flow design and external manifolds produced peak power densities of 0.85 and 0.41 W/cm(2) at 800 and 700degreesC, respectively. Using wet methane as the fuel gas, the stack produced a peak power density of 0.22 W/cm(2) at 700degreesC. Individual cells in the stack showed identical current-voltage characteristics. Stack lifetime was limited because of degradation of the cells from oxidation products coming from the metallic interconnect used. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chung7@llnl.gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 2 BP A265 EP A269 DI 10.1149/1.1843551 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 899KD UT WOS:000227142400001 ER PT J AU Chung, KY Ryu, CW Kim, KB AF Chung, KY Ryu, CW Kim, KB TI Onset mechanism of Jahn-Teller distortion in 4 v LiMn2O4 and its suppression by LiM0.05Mn1.95O4 (M = Co, Ni) coating SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY DEPOSITION; STRUCTURAL FATIGUE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; SPINEL ELECTRODES; CATHODE MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; CYCLING BEHAVIOR; FILM ELECTRODES; CAPACITY AB There have been several causes for the capacity fading of LiMn2O4 reported by many authors, which include Mn dissolution into the electrolyte, and the onset of a Jahn-Teller distortion. One of the main remedies suggested to combat those causes has been doping with other transition-metal ions. However, most of the deterioration reactions take place on the LiMn2O4 surface. In this study, LiMn2O4 was coated with a doped-spinel oxide to combat the causes of capacity fading in LiMn2O4, which modifies only the surface of the electrodes, and its effect was diagnosed using the bending beam method (BBM). The doped-spinel coated LiMn2O4 showed an excellent cycle performance. From the BBM data, it was confirmed that this excellent performance was largely due to the suppression of the Jahn-Teller distortion, which takes place at the end of the cathodic sweep in the 4 V range. Furthermore, the mechanism for the onset and suppression of Jahn-Teller distortion in 4 V LiMn2O4 is proposed based on the strain variations of the stoichiometric, doped, and doped-spinel coated spinel electrodes. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Met Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Ctr Nano Technol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Res Ctr Energy Convers & Storage, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Chung, KY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kychung@bnl.gov RI Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011 OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 4 BP A791 EP A795 DI 10.1149/1.1870755 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918DZ UT WOS:000228521200022 ER PT J AU Dees, D Gunen, E Abraham, D Jansen, A Prakash, J AF Dees, D Gunen, E Abraham, D Jansen, A Prakash, J TI Alternating current impedance electrochemical modeling of lithium-ion positive electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; INTERCALATION ELECTRODE; POROUS-ELECTRODE; OXIDE CATHODES; AC-IMPEDANCE; CELLS; PARTICLES; BATTERIES; INSERTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB An electrochemical model was developed to describe alternating current (ac) impedance experimental studies conducted on lithium-ion positive electrodes. The model includes differential mass and current balances for the positive electrode's composite structure, as well as details of the oxide-electrolyte interface. A number of specialized experiments were conducted to help define the parameter set for the model. The electrochemical ac impedance model was used to examine aging effects associated with the positive electrode. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Dees, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 30 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 7 BP A1409 EP A1417 DI 10.1149/1.192816 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 936MC UT WOS:000229859100016 ER PT J AU Haas, O Deb, A Cairns, EJ Wokaun, A AF Haas, O Deb, A Cairns, EJ Wokaun, A TI Synchrotron X-ray absorption study of LiFePO4 electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; CATHODE MATERIALS; DIFFRACTION; TRIPHYLITE; IRON; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHATES; PEROVSKITE; PROGRAM AB LiFePO4 was investigated in practical Li-ion intercalation electrodes used for Li-ion batteries by applying X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). A special in situ XAS cell was constructed to charge and discharge the LiFePO4 electrodes at current densities typically used in Li-ion batteries. Ex situ XAS measurements were made with technically relevant electrodes developed by Hydro-Quebec power research using LiPF6 as an electrolyte and ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate as a solvent. The X-ray absorption spectra were measured at the initial state [containing mainly LiFePO4, Fe(II)], which corresponds to the uncharged state of the battery and at the delithiated state [FePO4, Fe(III)], which corresponds to the battery's charged state. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure region of the X-ray absorption spectra showed a substantial Fe K-edge shift after the electrode was electrochemically oxidized. The pre-edge features of the X-ray absorption spectra revealed high spin configuration for the two oxidation states [Fe(II), d(6) and Fe(III), d(5)]. Reasonable ligand field stabilization energies could be extracted from the pre-edge features. Using the data analysis program EXAFSPAK with the FEFF8 code provided in this program, the EXAFS spectrum and its Fourier transformed radial structure function could be simulated satisfactorily, where only single scattering paths were used for this simulation. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haas, O (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM otto.haas@psi.ch RI Deb, Aniruddha/H-7529-2016; Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Deb, Aniruddha/0000-0002-0331-9709; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 32 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 56 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A191 EP A196 DI 10.1149/1.1833316 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900030 ER PT J AU Kerlau, M Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ AF Kerlau, M Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ TI Layered nickel oxide-based cathodes for lithium cells: Analysis of performance loss mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION BATTERY ELECTROLYTES; THERMAL-STABILITY AB Spectroscopic and electrochemical diagnostic measurements are reported for the cell components of a Generation 2 (Gen2) Li-ion cell from the U. S. Department of Energy's Advanced Technology Development (ATD) project. The cells are composed of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 positive electrodes (cathode), carbon graphite anodes, and electrolyte consisting of 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC 3:7. Fluorophosphates were observed by F-19 and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the electrolyte obtained from a Gen 2 cell aged 72 weeks at 45 degrees C and presenting 50% power fade. These electrolyte decomposition products were also observed by P-31 solid-state NMR on the surface of the cathode of the same cell. Samples were cut from the aged cathode from the original cell, subjected to different treatments (ultrasonic washing in anhydrous dimethyl carbonate (DMC), pressing, ultrasonic washing and pressing), and subsequently reassembled into small lab cells for electrochemical characterization. These treatments recovered the capacity of the electrodes to within a few percent of the original value, with the most improvement being obtained with the washed and pressed cathode. The impedance of the cathodes was also lowered after the ultrasonic washing and pressing treatments. Electron microscopy revealed that the ultrasonic washing of the aged Gen 2 cathode material resulted in the removal of small particles covering the surface of the active cathode. These findings are interpreted in terms of a model whereby capacity loss, and thus power capability, is restored by removing the fluorophosphate deposit and restoring electronic contact to the active cathode material. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 8 BP A1629 EP A1632 DI 10.1149/1.1948927 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 945HQ UT WOS:000230494000024 ER PT J AU Lei, JL Li, LJ Kostecki, R Muller, R McLarnon, F AF Lei, JL Li, LJ Kostecki, R Muller, R McLarnon, F TI Characterization of SEI layers on LiMn2O4 cathodes with in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORIENTED PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; LITHIUM-ION BATTERY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODES; SURFACE; INTERCALATION; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was employed to study the initial stage of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formation on thin-film LiMn2O4 electrodes. The SEI layer formed immediately upon exposure of the electrode to ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (1:1 by vol) 1.0 M LiPF6 electrolyte. The SEI layer thickness then increased in proportion to a logarithmic function of elapsed time. In comparison, the SEI layer thickness on a cycled electrode increased in proportion to a linear function of the number of cycles. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lei, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RIKostecki@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 4 BP A774 EP A777 DI 10.1149/1.1867652 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918DZ UT WOS:000228521200019 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Smith, PH Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J AF Mansour, AN Smith, PH Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J TI In situ x-ray absorption study of cycled ambigel V2O5 center dot n H2O(n approximate to 0.5) composite cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID V2O5 AEROGEL; LITHIUM BATTERIES; VANADIUM-OXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; XEROGEL; XAS AB We examined the oxidation state and local structure of hydrated ambigel V(2)O(5)(.)0.5H(2)O composite cathodes cycled in a nonaqueous electrolyte lithium cell. Changes in the oxidation state and local structure were monitored by X-ray absorption spectroscopy under in situ conditions. The cathodes had initial discharge capacities in the range 440-480 mAh/g, which correspond to an intercalation of 3.1-3.4 Li per V(2)O(5)(.)0.5H(2)O. Analyses of X-ray absorption near-edge structure data reveal that the average oxidation state of vanadium for discharged cathodes increased with cycling in the range of 1-17 cycles and then remained unchanged with further cycling. The oxidation state for charged cathodes remained relatively unchanged with cycling in the range of 1-40 cycles. The lack of strong contributions from higher coordination spheres in the Fourier transforms of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of charged and discharged cathodes indicate that the amorphous nature of the material is retained during cycling. However, a significant increase in the amplitude of the V-O contribution is observed with prolonged cycling for both discharged and charged cathodes, which is likely due to the formation of irreversible phases with increased local symmetry for the V-O coordination geometry. The observed results for the ambigel material cycled in the range of 1-16 cycles are consistent with results previously observed for an aerogel material. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM MansourAN@nswccd.navy.mil NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 7 BP A1312 EP A1319 DI 10.1149/1.1924225 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 936MC UT WOS:000229859100003 ER PT J AU Pasaogullari, U Wang, CY Chen, KS AF Pasaogullari, U Wang, CY Chen, KS TI Two-phase transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cells with bilayer cathode gas diffusion media SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER TRANSPORT; PT LOADING ELECTRODES; LAYER; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; FLOW; MANAGEMENT; DEPENDENCE; MEMBRANES; PRESSURE AB A two-phase, full cell model based on the multiphase mixture (M-2) framework is developed to analyze the two- phase transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cells with bilayer cathode gas diffusion media (GDM), consisting of a coarse gas diffusion layer (GDL) with an average pore size around 10-30 mu m and a microporous layer (MPL) with an average pore size ranging from 0.1 to 1 mu m. Effects of the relevant properties of the MPL on liquid water transport are examined, including average pore size, wettability, thickness, and porosity. It is quantitatively shown that the MPL increases the rate of water back-flow across the membrane toward the anode by increasing the hydraulic pressure differential across the membrane, consequently reducing the net amount of water to be removed from the cathode. Furthermore, it is seen that different microporous and wetting characteristics of the MPL cause a discontinuity in the liquid saturation profile at the MPL-GDL interface, which in turn reduces the amount of liquid water in the catalyst layer-MPL interface. Our analyses show that the back-flow of liquid water increases with increasing hydrophobicity and thickness, and decreasing pore size and porosity of the MPL. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Penn State Univ, Electrochem Engine Ctr ECEC, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pasaogullari, U (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Electrochem Engine Ctr ECEC, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cxw31@psu.edu RI Wang, Chao-Yang/C-4122-2009; Pasaogullari, Ugur/D-8761-2013 NR 38 TC 169 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 8 BP A1574 EP A1582 DI 10.1149/1.1938067 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 945HQ UT WOS:000230494000016 ER PT J AU Pivovar, BS Smyrl, WH Cussler, EL AF Pivovar, BS Smyrl, WH Cussler, EL TI Electro-osmosis in Nafion 117, polystyrene sulfonic acid, and polybenzimidazole SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; CHARGE TRANSPORT MODEL; ELECTROOSMOTIC DRAG; SULFURIC-ACID; WATER; DIFFUSION; METHANOL; PROTON AB Electro-osmotic drag coefficients for Nafion 117, polystyrene sulfonic acid (CR61 CMP), and polybenzimidazole were investigated in the presence of phosphoric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acid. The coefficients vary with acid concentration and type with polymer structure and with water content, as illustrated by conductivity, transference number, and partition coefficient measurements. The results have implications for fuel cell performance and in the development of new polymer electrolyte membranes. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Pivovar, BS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pivovar@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A53 EP A60 DI 10.1149/1.1827599 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900010 ER PT J AU Radhakrishnan, R Virkar, AV Singhal, SC AF Radhakrishnan, R Virkar, AV Singhal, SC TI Estimation of charge-transfer resistivity of Pt cathode on YSZ electrolyte using patterned electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PT,O-2(G)/STABILIZED ZIRCONIA INTERFACES; ANODIC POLARIZATION PHENOMENA; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FUEL-CELL CATHODES; SR-DOPED LAMNO3; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; OXIDE; OXYGEN; PERFORMANCE AB Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte disks with patterned platinum (Pt) electrodes having different three phase boundary (TPB) lengths (l(TPB)), but the same electrode-electrolyte interface area, were deposited on one of the two faces using photomicrolithography. Platinum counter electrode was applied on the other face, and a platinum wire reference electrode was positioned along the cylindrical surface. Impedance spectra under zero applied bias were obtained in oxygen partial pressures, (pO(2)), ranging between 10(-3) and 1 atm and over a range of temperatures between 650 and 800 degrees C. Area-specific charge-transfer resistance, R-ct was found to vary inversely with lTPB. The value of charge-transfer resistivity, rho(ct), corresponding to the charge-transfer reaction occurring at TPB, was estimated at various temperatures and p(O2). The R-ct and rct decrease with increasing p(O2) and with increasing temperature. The activation energy for the overall charge-transfer reaction was found to vary between 0.75 eV at a p(O2) of 0.001 atm and 1.63 eV for a p(O2) of 1 atm. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM anil.virkar@m.cc.utah.edu NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 5 BP A927 EP A936 DI 10.1149/1.1885325 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918EA UT WOS:000228521400013 ER PT J AU Radhakrishnan, R Virkar, AV Singhal, SC AF Radhakrishnan, R Virkar, AV Singhal, SC TI Estimation of charge-transfer resistivity of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 cathode on Y0.16Zr0.84O2 electrolyte using patterned electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; SR-DOPED LAMNO3; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; COMPOSITE ELECTRODE; AC-IMPEDANCE; POLARIZATION; LA1-XSRXMNO3 AB Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte disks with patterned Sr-doped LaMnO3 (LSM) electrodes having different three-phase boundary (TPB) lengths (l(TPB)), but the same electrode-electrolyte interface area, were prepared using photomicrolithography. Impedance spectra for half-cells were obtained under oxygen partial pressures; p(O2), ranging from 10(-3) to 1 atm and temperatures from 650 to 800degreesC. Area specific charge-transfer resistance, R-ct, was found to vary inversely with l(TPB). While the charge-transfer resistance is inversely proportional to l(TPB), consistent with the charge-transfer reaction occurring mainly at the TPB, at 800degreesC some transport through LSM also appears to occur. The estimated value of charge-transfer resistivity, rho(ct), corresponding to the charge-transfer reaction occurring at the TPB in air at 800degreesC (1.26 x 10(5) Omega cm), is in good agreement with that estimated from actual fuel cell tests using quantitative stereological analysis of LSM-YSZ composite electrodes. R-ct and rho(ct) were found to decrease with increasing p(O2) and with increasing temperature. The activation energy for the overall charge-transfer reaction was estimated to be; 1.5 eV. (C) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM anil.virkar@m.cc.utah.edu NR 28 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A210 EP A218 DI 10.1149/1.1829415 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900033 ER PT J AU Ronnebro, E Yin, JT Kitano, A Wada, M Tanase, S Sakai, T AF Ronnebro, E Yin, JT Kitano, A Wada, M Tanase, S Sakai, T TI Reaction mechanism of a Ag36.4Sb15.6Sn48 nanocomposite electrode for advanced Li-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANODE MATERIALS; SN; LI4.4SN; AG AB The phase transformations of an Ag36.4Sb15.6Sn48 nanocomposite electrode, Ag3Sn/ Sn/SnSb, were investigated during electrochemical lithium insertion/extraction. The high performance gives 410 mAh/g for 300 cycles. Electrodes were prepared at selected voltage points in the discharge-charge curves and high-energy synchrotron X-ray data was collected in order to study the reaction mechanism in detail. Both Ag3Sn and SbSn insert Li stepwise to form compounds with the partial compositions Ag2-xLi1-xSn (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) and Li2+xSn1-xSb ( x less than or equal to 1). At lower voltages, Li7Sn2, Li22Sn5, AgLi, and Ag5Li8 could be observed. The intermetallic compounds before and after lithiation have a strong crystallographic relation. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Kansai Ctr, Osaka 5638577, Japan. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Fukuda Met Foil & Powder Co Ltd, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078305, Japan. RP Ronnebro, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ecronne@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A152 EP A157 DI 10.1149/1.1827597 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900023 ER PT J AU Simner, SP Anderson, MD Pederson, LR Stevenson, JW AF Simner, SP Anderson, MD Pederson, LR Stevenson, JW TI Performance variability of La(Sr)FeO3 SOFC cathode with Pt, Ag, and Au current collectors SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE CATHODES; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTROLYTE; INTERFACE; POLARIZATION; IMPEDANCE; SPINEL; LAYERS AB This investigation details relatively short-term (500 h) performance characteristics (in particular cathode conditioning and degradation) of anode-supported SOFCs utilizing La(Sr)FeO3 cathodes with platinum, silver, or gold current collectors. Conditioning or degradation characteristics were found to be highly dependant on the current collector used. An additional area of study considered transient cell behavior following rest periods at open-circuit voltage (OCV, zero current). Three types of behavior were observed; (i) decreased performance after OCV hold, (ii) increased performance after OCV hold, and (iii) no discernible change. The type of transient behavior was found to be dependent on the noble metal current collector utilized and the time at which the transient behavior was assessed. Longer testing times indicated more pronounced transient characteristics. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simner, SP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Steven.Simner@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 9 BP A1851 EP A1859 DI 10.1149/1.1995687 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 953HD UT WOS:000231066300023 ER PT J AU Simner, SP Anderson, MD Xia, GG Yang, Z Pederson, LR Stevenson, JW AF Simner, SP Anderson, MD Xia, GG Yang, Z Pederson, LR Stevenson, JW TI SOFC performance with Fe-Cr-Mn alloy interconnect SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE; SEPARATOR; ELECTRODE; CONTACT AB The performances of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) utilizing a Mn-containing ferritic stainless steel (Crofer22 APU) as the cathode current collector were assessed. Three cathodes were considered: (La0.8Sr0.2)(0.99)MnO3, (La0.8Sr0.2)(0.99)FeO3, and (La0.6Sr0.4)(0.98)Fe0.8Co0.2O3 (all samples incorporated a Sm-doped CeO2 interlayer between the cathode and the thin-film yttria-stablized zirconia electrolyte). Inclusion of the Fe-Cr alloy caused rapid degradation in all samples, which was attributed to solid-state reactivity at the cathode-Crofer interface, in addition to Cr volatilization from the alloy and subsequent condensation/ reaction within the cathode and at the cathode-electrolyte interface. In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction was used to assess the cathode-Crofer reaction products. Preoxidation of the Crofer at 800 degrees C for 500 h to form a protective (Mn, Cr)(3)O-4 spinel coating resulted in a marginal reduction of the cell degradation rate. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simner, SP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Steven.Simner@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 4 BP A740 EP A745 DI 10.1149/1.1864332 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918DZ UT WOS:000228521200014 ER PT J AU Stamenkovic, V Grgur, BN Ross, PN Markovic, NM AF Stamenkovic, V Grgur, BN Ross, PN Markovic, NM TI Oxygen reduction reaction on Pt and Pt-bimetallic electrodes covered by CO - Mechanism of the air bleed effect with reformate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PLATINUM; ELECTROCATALYSIS; ELECTROOXIDATION; OXIDATION AB The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been studied on CO-covered Pt(111), Pt(110), Pt-poly, Pt-Ru, Pt3Sn(111), and Pt3Sn( 110) electrodes in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at temperatures varying between 298 and 333 K using the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) method. The RRDE measurements showed that even during O-2 reduction a substantial amount (approximate to40% of saturation) of CO still remains on all surfaces. Only a very small fraction of consumed 02 is used for CO oxidation, while the major fraction reacts via the competing ORR, producing H2O2. The H2O2 yield is strongly dependent on the fractional coverage by adsorbed CO, the surface structure, and the composition of the electrode. While at Theta(CO) > 0.5 monolayer (ML) the H2O2 yield is very high (depending on the structure/nature of the electrode ca. 60-100%), when Theta(CO) falls to its steady-state value of approximate to0.4 ML, the H2O2 yield is almost the same as on the respective CO-free surfaces. Although the production of peroxide on some electrodes is rather low at 333 K (e.g., 5% on PtRu and 10% on Pt-poly), the practical consequences of the H2O2 production can be significant; e.g., H2O2 may cause an enhanced long-term degradation of the membrane. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. RP Stamenkovic, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nmmarkovic@lbl.gov OI Grgur, Branimir/0000-0003-4684-9053 NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 2 BP A277 EP A282 DI 10.1149/1.1845321 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 899KD UT WOS:000227142400003 ER PT J AU Striebel, K Shim, J Srinivasan, V Newman, J AF Striebel, K Shim, J Srinivasan, V Newman, J TI Comparison of LiFePO4 from different sources SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHOSPHO-OLIVINES; CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES; BATTERIES; GRAPHITE; DENSITY; CARBON; CELL AB The lithium iron phosphate chemistry is plagued by poor conductivity and slow diffusion in the solid phase. To alleviate these problems, various research groups have adopted different strategies, including decreasing the particle sizes, increasing the carbon content, and adding dopants. In this study, we obtained LiFePO4 powders and/or electrodes from six different sources and used a combined model-experimental approach to compare the performance. Samples ranged from 0.4 to 15% "in situ" carbon. In addition, particle sizes varied by as much as an order of magnitude between samples. The study detailed in this manuscript allows us to provide insight into the relative importance of the conductivity of the samples compared to the particle size, the impact of having a distribution in particle sizes, and ideas for making materials to maximize the power capability of this chemistry. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Striebel, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kastriebel@lbl.gov RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 21 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 4 BP A664 EP A670 DI 10.1149/1.1862477 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918DZ UT WOS:000228521200003 ER EF