FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Vrdoljak, G Feil, WS Feil, H Detter, JC Fields, P AF Vrdoljak, G Feil, WS Feil, H Detter, JC Fields, P TI Characterization of a diesel sludge microbial consortia for bioremediation SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; diesel; sludge; scanning electrn; microscopy; microbes AB The organisms found growing in a mixed diesel sludge-chromium metal waste were characterized directly using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and traditional fixation techniques with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An attempt to identify organisms genetically directly from the sludge failed because of interference from chemicals in the waste with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The organisms were isolated using plate culture techniques and isolates were characterized by SEM and genetic sequencing. A variety of organisms were found with differing morphologies and growth habits. Sequencing identified an organism homologous to Bacillus mycoides and matched other organisms such as Paenibacillus lautus, Paenibacillus spp., Bacillus spp., and Rhodobacter spp. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Electron Microscope Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Forestry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Vrdoljak, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Electron Microscope Lab, 26 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vrdoljak@uclink.berkeley.edu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 891DN UT WOS:000226561600002 PM 15712752 ER PT S AU Kalinin, SV Bonnell, DA AF Kalinin, SV Bonnell, DA BE Vilarinho, PM Rosenwaks, Y Kingon, A TI Scanning probe microscopy of piezoelectric and transport phenomena in electroceramic materials SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY: CHARACTERIZATION, NANOFABRICATION AND DEVICE APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Scanning Probe Microscopy CY OCT 01-13, 2002 CL Algarve, PORTUGAL SP NATO Adv Study Inst DE scanning probe microscopy; electronic ceramic materials; ZnO; Nb-doped SrTiO3; BaTiO3; BiFeO3; transport properties; electric phenomena; ferroelectric domain structure ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; IMPEDANCE MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; SRTIO3; SURFACE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; BIFEO3; SYSTEM C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bonnell@sol1.lrsm.upenn.edu RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-3017-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2005 VL 186 BP 199 EP + PG 25 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BCE47 UT WOS:000228859900009 ER PT S AU Ethier, S Tang, WM Lin, Z AF Ethier, S Tang, WM Lin, Z BE Mezzacappa, A TI Gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations of plasma microturbulence on advanced computing platforms SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID TURBULENT TRANSPORT; CODE AB Since its introduction in the early 1980s, the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) method has been very successfully applied to the exploration of many important kinetic stability issues in magnetically confined plasmas. Its self-consistent treatment of charged particles and the associated electromagnetic fluctuations makes this method appropriate for studying enhanced transport driven by plasma turbulence. Advances in algorithms and computer hardware have led to the development of a parallel, global, gyrokinetic code in full toroidal geometry, the Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code (GTC), developed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. It has proven to be an invaluable tool to study key effects of low-frequency microturbulence in fusion plasmas. As a high-performance computing applications code, its flexible mixed-model parallel algorithm has allowed GTC to scale to over a thousand processors, which is routinely used for simulations. Improvements are continuously being made. As the U.S. ramps up its support for the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER), the need for understanding the impact of turbulent transport in burning plasma fusion devices is of utmost importance. Accordingly, the GTC code is at the forefront of the set of numerical tools being used to assess and predict the performance of ITER on critical issues such as the efficiency of energy confinement in reactors. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ethier, S (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/001 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000002 ER PT S AU Batchelor, DB Berry, LA Bonoli, PT Carter, MD Choi, M D'Azevedo, E D'Ippolito, DA Gorelenkov, N Harvey, RW Jaeger, EF Myra, JR Okuda, H Phillips, CK Smithe, DN Wright, JC AF Batchelor, DB Berry, LA Bonoli, PT Carter, MD Choi, M D'Azevedo, E D'Ippolito, DA Gorelenkov, N Harvey, RW Jaeger, EF Myra, JR Okuda, H Phillips, CK Smithe, DN Wright, JC BE Mezzacappa, A TI Electromagnetic mode conversion: understanding waves that suddenly change their nature SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID ION-CYCLOTRON; TOKAMAK PLASMAS AB In a magnetized plasma, such as in fusion devices or the Earth's magnetosphere, several different kinds of waves can simultaneously exist, having very different physical properties. Under the right conditions one wave can quite suddenly convert to another type. Depending on the case, this can be either a great benefit or a problem for the use of waves to heat and control fusion plasmas. Understanding and accurately modeling such behavior is a major computational challenge. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Batchelor, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/004 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000005 ER PT S AU Samtaney, R Colella, P Ligocki, TJ Martin, DF Jardin, SC AF Samtaney, R Colella, P Ligocki, TJ Martin, DF Jardin, SC BE Mezzacappa, A TI An adaptive mesh semi-implicit conservative unsplit method for resistive MHD SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; LAWS AB We present a cell-centered semi-implicit algorithm for solving the equations of single fluid resistive MHD for block structured adaptive meshes. The unsplit method [1] is extended for the ideal MHD part, and the diffusive terms are solved implicitly. The resulting second-order accurate scheme is conservative while preserving the del (.) B = 0 constraint. Numerical results from a variety of verification tests are presented. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Samtaney, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/005 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000006 ER PT S AU Wang, WX Lin, Z Tang, WM Lee, WW Ethier, S Lewandowski, JLV Rewoldt, G Hahm, TS Manickam, J AF Wang, WX Lin, Z Tang, WM Lee, WW Ethier, S Lewandowski, JLV Rewoldt, G Hahm, TS Manickam, J BE Mezzacappa, A TI Global gyrokinetic particle simulation of turbulence and transport in realistic tokamak geometry SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB A general geometry model has been developed for the gyrokinetic toroidal code GTC[1] with a number of highly desirable features including a systematic treatment of plasma rotation and equilibrium E x B flow, realistic plasma profiles and corresponding magnetohydrodanamic (MHD) equilibria. A symmetry coordinate system is used to construct a relatively regular mesh in real space for strongly shaped toroidal plasmas, which also facilitates straightforward visualization. By rescaling the radial coordinate, grid size is correlated with the local gyroradius which may vary substantially from the core to the edge. Gyrokinetic transformation of potential and charge density between particle and guiding center positions in general geometry is carefully treated, taking into account the finite ratio of the poloidal to the total field (B-theta/B). The applied equilibrium E x B flow, which is believed to play an important role in determining the turbulence level, is calculated from our global neoclassical particle code GTC-Neo[2]. In the large aspect ratio circular geometry limit, cross benchmarks with the original GTC code show good agreement in real frequency, growth rate, steady-state heat flux and zonal flow amplitude for the ion temperature gradient driven microinstabilities (ITG modes). C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wang, WX (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/008 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000009 ER PT S AU Hawkes, ER Sankaran, R Sutherland, JC Chen, JH AF Hawkes, ER Sankaran, R Sutherland, JC Chen, JH BE Mezzacappa, A TI Direct numerical simulation of turbulent combustion: fundamental insights towards predictive models SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SHEAR-LAYER; SCALAR; FLAMES; FLOWS; MIXTURE AB The advancement of our basic understanding of turbulent combustion processes and the development of physics-based predictive tools for design and optimization of the next generation of combustion devices are strategic areas of research for the development of a secure, environmentally sound energy infrastructure. In direct numerical simulation (DNS) approaches, all scales of the reacting flow problem are resolved. However, because of the magnitude of this task, DNS of practical high Reynolds number turbulent hydrocarbon flames is out of reach of even terascale computing. For the foreseeable future, the approach to this complex multi-scale problem is to employ distinct but synergistic approaches to tackle smaller sub-ranges of the complete problem, which then require models for the small scale interactions. With full access to the spatially and temporally resolved fields, DNS can play a major role in the development of these models and in the development of fundamental understanding of the micro-physics of turbulence-chemistry interactions. Two examples, from simulations performed at terascale Office of Science computing facilities, are presented to illustrate the role of DNS in delivering new insights to advance the predictive capability of models. Results are presented from new three-dimensional DNS with detailed chemistry of turbulent non-premixed jet flames, revealing the differences between mixing of passive and reacting scalars, and determining an optimal lower dimensional representation of the full thermochemical state space. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hawkes, ER (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Sankaran, Ramanan/D-9254-2015; Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012; OI Sankaran, Ramanan/0000-0002-5352-9915; Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951; Sutherland, James/0000-0002-2955-3472 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/009 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000010 ER PT S AU Day, MS Bell, JB Grcar, JF Lijewski, MJ Beckner, VE AF Day, MS Bell, JB Grcar, JF Lijewski, MJ Beckner, VE BE Mezzacappa, A TI Tools for simulation of laboratory-scale premixed turbulent flames SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; BURNING VELOCITIES; LAMINAR; PROJECTION; FLOWS AB We have entered a new era in turbulent combustion calculations, where we can now simulate a detailed laboratory-scale turbulent reacting flow with sufficient fidelity that the computed data may be expected to agree with experimental measurements. Moreover, flame simulations can be used to help interpret measured diagnostics, validate evolving flame theories, and generally allow exploration of the system in ways not previously available to experimentalists. In this paper, we will discuss our adaptive projection algorithm for low speed reacting flow that has helped make these types of simulations feasible, and two sets of new issues that are associated with application of this approach to simulating real flames. Using a recently computed flame simulation as an example, we will discuss issues concerning characterization of the experimental conditions and validation of the computed results. We also discuss recent developments in the analysis and interpretation of extremely large and complex reacting flow datasets, and a new approach to simulating premixed turbulent flames relevant to laboratory-scale combustion experiments-a feedback-controlled flame stabilization method. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Day, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000011 ER PT S AU Najm, HN Lee, JC Valorani, M Goussis, DA Frenklach, M AF Najm, HN Lee, JC Valorani, M Goussis, DA Frenklach, M BE Mezzacappa, A TI Adaptive chemical model reduction SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID COMBUSTION SYSTEMS; KINETICS; CHEMISTRY; IMPLEMENTATION; MANIFOLDS; ATOMS; PRISM; CSP AB We briefly review various chemical model reduction strategies with application in reacting flow computations. We focus on systematic methods that enable automated model reduction. We highlight the specific advantages of computational singular perturbation (CSP) analysis. We outline a novel implementation of CSP, with adaptive tabulation of the basis vectors, that enables fast identification of the reduced chemical model at any point in the chemical phase space, and efficient integration of the chemical system. We describe this implementation in the context of a particular model problem that exhibits stiffness typical of chemical kinetic systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI VALORANI, Mauro/0000-0002-8260-6297 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/012 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000013 ER PT S AU Schuchardt, K Oluwole, O Pitz, W Rahn, LA Green, WH Leahy, D Pancerella, C Sjoberg, M Dec, J AF Schuchardt, K Oluwole, O Pitz, W Rahn, LA Green, WH Leahy, D Pancerella, C Sjoberg, M Dec, J BE Mezzacappa, A TI Development of the RIOT web service and information technologies to enable mechanism reduction for HCCI simulations SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB New approaches are being explored to facilitate multidisciplinary collaborative research of Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion processes. In this paper, collaborative sharing of the Range Identification and Optimization Toolkit (RIOT) and related data and models is discussed. RIOT is a developmental approach to reduce the computational complexity of detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms, enabling their use in modeling kinetically controlled combustion applications such as HCCI. These approaches are being developed and piloted as a part of the Collaboratory for Multiscale Chemical Sciences (CMCS) project. The capabilities of the RIOT code are shared through a portlet in the CMCS portal that allows easy specification and processing of RIOT inputs, remote execution of RIOT, tracking of data pedigree, and translation of RIOT outputs to a table view and to a commonly-used chemical model format. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schuchardt, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Rahn, Larry/0000-0002-4793-1158; Green, William/0000-0003-2603-9694 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000014 ER PT S AU Ray, J Kennedy, C Steensland, J Najm, H AF Ray, J Kennedy, C Steensland, J Najm, H BE Mezzacappa, A TI Advanced algorithms for computations on block-structured adaptively refined meshes SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB Block-structured adaptively refined meshes are an efficient means of discretizing a domain characterized by a large spectrum of spatiotemporal scales. Further, they allow the use of simple data structures (multidimensional arrays) which considerably assist the task of using them in conjunction with sophisticated numerical algorithms. In this work, we show how such meshes may be used with high order (i.e. greater than 2(nd) order) discretization to achieve greater accuracies at significantly less computational expense, as compared to conventional second order approaches. Our study explores how these high order discretizations are coupled with high-order interpolations and filters to achieve high order convergence on such meshes. One of the side-effects of using high order discretizations is that one now obtains shallow grid hierarchies, which are easier to load balance. As a part of this work, we introduce the concept of bi-level (grid) partitioning and motivate, via an analytical model, how it holds the potential to significantly reduce load-imbalances while incurring a minimal communication cost. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ray, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/014 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000015 ER PT S AU Mackenzie, P AF Mackenzie, P BE Mezzacappa, A TI The fundamental constants of nature from lattice gauge theory simulations SO SCIDAC 2005: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB The fundamental laws of nature as we now know them are governed the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. Some of these, such as the masses of the quarks, have been hidden from direct observation by the confinement of quarks. They are now being revealed through large scale numerical simulation of lattice gauge theory. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mackenzie@fnal.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/018 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000019 ER PT S AU Petreczky, P AF Petreczky, P BE Mezzacappa, A TI Exploring matter under extreme conditions with numerical simulations SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; GAUGE-THEORY; MONTE-CARLO; LATTICE QCD; THERMODYNAMICS AB In this contribution I am going to summarize recent progress in exploring the phase diagram as well as the properties of strongly interacting matter at extreme conditions using lattice QCD. Current status and prospectives of calculating quantities crucial for RHIC program (quarkonia spectral functions, critical energy density, equation of state) is discussed in detail. The role of the SciDAC program in reaching the outlined goals is emphasized. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Petreczky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/022 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000023 ER PT S AU Ko, K Folwell, N Ge, L Guetz, A Ivanov, V Kabel, A Kowalski, M Lee, L Li, Z Ng, C Prudencio, E Schussman, G Uplenchwar, R Xiao, L AF Ko, K Folwell, N Ge, L Guetz, A Ivanov, V Kabel, A Kowalski, M Lee, L Li, Z Ng, C Prudencio, E Schussman, G Uplenchwar, R Xiao, L CA ISICs SAPP Collaborators BE Mezzacappa, A TI Impact of SciDAC on accelerator projects across the office of science through electromagnetic modeling SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB Electromagnetic Modelling led by SLAC is a principal component of the "Advanced Computing for 21(st) Century Accelerator Science and Technology" SciDAC project funded through the Office of High Energy Physics. This large team effort comprises three other national laboratories (LBNL, LLNL, SNL) and six universities (CMU, Columbia, RPI, Stanford, UC Davis and U of Wisconsin) with the goal to develop a set of parallel electromagnetic codes based on unstructured grids to target challenging problems in accelerators, and solve them to unprecedented realism and accuracy. Essential to the code development are the collaborations with the ISICs/SAPP in eigensolvers, meshing, adaptive refinement, shape optimization and visualization (see "Achievements in ISICs/SAPP Collaborations for Electromagnetic Modelling of Accelerators"). Supported by these advances in computational science, we have successfully performed the large-scale simulations that have impacted important accelerator projects across the Office of Science (SC) including the Positron Electron Project (PEP) -II, Next Linear Collider (NLC) and the International Linear Collider (ILC) in High Energy Physics (HEP), the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) in Nuclear Physics (NP) and the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) in Basic Energy Science (BES). C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ko, K (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 27, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/026 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000027 ER PT S AU Lee, LQ Ge, LX Li, ZH Ng, C Schussman, G Ko, K AF Lee, LQ Ge, LX Li, ZH Ng, C Schussman, G Ko, K CA ISICs SAPP Collaborators BE Mezzacappa, A TI Achievements in ISICs/SAPP collaborations for electromagnetic modeling of accelerators SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB SciDAC provides the unique opportunity and the resources for the Electromagnetic System Simulations (ESS) component of High Energy Physics (HEP)'s Accelerator Science and Technology (AST) project to work with researchers in the Integrated Software Infrastructure Centres (ISICs) and Scientific Application Pilot Program (SAPP) to overcome challenging barriers in computer science and applied mathematics in order to perform the large-scale simulations required to support the ongoing R&D efforts on accelerators across the Office of Science. This paper presents the resultant achievements made under SciDAC in important areas of computational science relevant to electromagnetic modelling of accelerators which include nonlinear eigensolvers, shape optimization, adaptive mesh refinement, parallel meshing, and visualization. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lee, LQ (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 27, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/027 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000028 ER PT S AU Ryne, R Abell, D Adelmann, A Amundson, J Bohn, C Cary, J Colella, P Dechow, D Decyk, V Dragt, A Gerber, R Habib, S Higdon, D Katsouleas, T Ma, KL McCorquodale, P Mihalcea, D Mitchell, C Mori, W Mottershead, CT Neri, F Pogorelov, I Qiang, J Samulyak, R Serafini, D Shalf, J Siegerist, C Spentzouris, P Stoltz, P Terzic, B Venturini, M Walstrom, P AF Ryne, R Abell, D Adelmann, A Amundson, J Bohn, C Cary, J Colella, P Dechow, D Decyk, V Dragt, A Gerber, R Habib, S Higdon, D Katsouleas, T Ma, KL McCorquodale, P Mihalcea, D Mitchell, C Mori, W Mottershead, CT Neri, F Pogorelov, I Qiang, J Samulyak, R Serafini, D Shalf, J Siegerist, C Spentzouris, P Stoltz, P Terzic, B Venturini, M Walstrom, P BE Mezzacappa, A TI SciDAC advances and applications in computational beam dynamics SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB SciDAC has had a major impact on computational beam dynamics and the design of particle accelerators. Particle accelerators - which account for half of the facilities in the DOE Office of Science Facilities for the Future of Science 20 Year Outlook - are crucial for US scientific, industrial, and economic competitiveness. Thanks to SciDAC, accelerator design calculations that were once thought impossible are now carried routinely, and new challenging and important calculations are within reach. SciDAC accelerator modeling codes are being used to get the most science out of existing facilities, to produce optimal designs for future facilities, and to explore advanced accelerator concepts that may hold the key to qualitatively new ways of accelerating charged particle beams. In this poster we present highlights from the SciDAC Accelerator Science and Technology (AST) project Beam Dynamics focus area in regard to algorithm development, software development, and applications. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ryne, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/028 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000029 ER PT S AU Spentzouris, P Amundson, J AF Spentzouris, P Amundson, J BE Mezzacappa, A TI Simulation of the Fermilab Booster using Synergia SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB High precision modeling of space-charge effects is essential for designing future accelerators as well as optimizing the performance of existing machines. Synergia is a high-fidelity parallel beam dynamics simulation package with fully three dimensional space-charge capabilities and a higher-order optics implementation. We describe the Synergia framework, developed under the auspices of the DOE SciDAC program, and present Synergia simulations of the Fermilab Booster accelerator and comparisons with experiment. Our studies include investigation of coherent and incoherent tune shifts and halo formation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Spentzouris, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/029 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000030 ER PT S AU Galli, G Gygi, F AF Galli, G Gygi, F BE Mezzacappa, A TI Optimized materials from first principles simulations: Are we there yet? SO SCIDAC 2005: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; METALLIC HYDROGEN; ELECTRON-GAS; QUANTUM; WATER; ACCURACY; POLARIZATION AB In the past thirty years, the use of scientific computing has become pervasive in all disciplines: collection and interpretation of most experimental data is carried out using computers, and physical models in computable form, with various degrees of complexity and sophistication, are utilized in all fields of science. However, full prediction of physical and chemical phenomena based on the basic laws of Nature, using computer simulations, is a revolution still in the making, and it involves some formidable theoretical and computational challenges. We illustrate the progress and successes obtained in recent years in predicting fundamental properties of materials in condensed phases and at the nanoscale, using ab-initio, quantum simulations. We also discuss open issues related to the validation of the approximate, first principles theories used in large scale simulations, and the resulting complex interplay between computation and experiment. Finally, we describe some applications, with focus on nanostructures and liquids, both at ambient and under extreme conditions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM galli@llnl.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 220 EP 232 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/030 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000031 ER PT S AU Head-Gordon, M Beran, GJO Sodt, A Jung, YS AF Head-Gordon, M Beran, GJO Sodt, A Jung, YS BE Mezzacappa, A TI Fast electronic structure methods for strongly correlated molecular systems SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; DOUBLES MODEL; BOND; SINGLES AB A short review is given of newly developed fast electronic structure methods that are designed to treat molecular systems with strong electron correlations, such as diradicaloid molecules, for which standard electronic structure methods such as density functional theory are inadequate. These new local correlation methods are based on coupled cluster theory within a perfect pairing active space, containing either a linear or quadratic number of pair correlation amplitudes, to yield the perfect pairing (PP) and imperfect pairing (1P) models. This reduces the scaling of the coupled cluster iterations to no worse than cubic, relative to the sixth power dependence of the usual (untruncated) coupled cluster doubles model. A second order perturbation correction, PP(2), to treat the neglected (weaker) correlations is formulated for the PP model. To ensure minimal prefactors, in addition to favorable size-scaling, highly efficient implementations of PP, IP and PP(2) have been completed, using auxiliary basis expansions. This yields speedups of almost an order of magnitude over the best alternatives using 4-center 2-electron integrals. A short discussion of the scope of accessible chemical applications is given. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Beran, Gregory/B-8684-2011 OI Beran, Gregory/0000-0002-2229-2580 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/031 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000032 ER PT S AU Harrison, RJ Fann, GI Gan, ZT Yanai, T Sugiki, S Beste, A Beylkin, G AF Harrison, RJ Fann, GI Gan, ZT Yanai, T Sugiki, S Beste, A Beylkin, G BE Mezzacappa, A TI Multiresolution computational chemistry SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID MULTIWAVELET BASES; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; SINGULAR-OPERATORS AB Multiresolution techniques in multiwavelet bases, made practical in three and higher dimensions by separated representations, have enabled significant advances in the accuracy and manner of computation of molecular electronic structure. The mathematical and numerical techniques are described in the article by Farm. This paper summarizes the major accomplishments in computational chemistry which represent the first substantial application of most of these new ideas in three and higher dimensions. These include basis set limit computation with linear scaling for Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory with a wide variety of functionals including hybrid and asymptotically corrected forms. Current capabilities include energies, analytic derivatives, and excitation energies from linear response theory. Direct solution in 6-D of the two-particle wave equation has also been demonstrated. These methods are written using MADNESS which provides a high level of composition using functions and operators with guarantees of speed and precision. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Harrison, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Beylkin, Gregory/G-6653-2011; OI BEYLKIN, GREGORY/0000-0003-3447-1460 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/032 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000033 ER PT S AU Medvedev, DM Gray, SK Wagner, AF Minkoff, M Shepard, R AF Medvedev, DM Gray, SK Wagner, AF Minkoff, M Shepard, R BE Mezzacappa, A TI Advanced software for the calculation of thermochemistry, kinetics, and dynamics SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID COMPUTING EIGENVALUE BOUNDS; SUBSPACE MATRIX-METHODS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS AB Recent results are presented for the efficient computation of matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector equations, the fitting of discrete sets of energy points using interpolating moving least squares methods, and time-dependent and time-independent calculations of molecular dynamics and cumulative reaction probabilities. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60429 USA. RP Shepard, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60429 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/033 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000034 ER PT S AU Maier, TA White, JB Jarrell, M Kent, P Schulthess, TC AF Maier, TA White, JB Jarrell, M Kent, P Schulthess, TC BE Mezzacappa, A TI New insights into high temperature superconductivity from a computational solution of the two-dimensional Hubbard model SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICAL MEAN-FIELD; APPROXIMATION; DIMENSIONS; SYSTEMS; LATTICE; FERMIONS; OXIDES AB The Cray X1 in the Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory as well as algorithmic improvements over the past decade enable significant new science in the simulation of high-temperature "cuprate" superconductors. We describe the method of dynamic cluster approximation with quantum Monte Carlo, along with its computational requirements. We then show the unique capabilities of the X1 for supporting this method and delivering near optimal performance. This allows us to study systematically the cluster size dependence of the superconductivity in the conventional two-dimensional Hubbard model, which is commonly believed to describe high-temperature superconductors. Due to the non-locality of the d-wave superconducting order parameter, the results on small clusters show large size and geometry effects. In large enough clusters, converged results are found that display a finite temperature instability to d-wave superconductivity. The results we report here demonstrate for the first time that superconductivity is possible in a system of strongly correlated electrons without the need of a phonon mediated attractive interaction. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maier, TA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Mail Stop 6164, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Maier, Thomas/F-6759-2012 OI Maier, Thomas/0000-0002-1424-9996 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/035 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000036 ER PT S AU Harmon, BN AF Harmon, BN BE Mezzacappa, A TI Computational materials science: challenges, opportunities SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB A brief description of the present position of computational materials sciences is presented. Dramatic increases in computing capability together with exciting new scientific frontiers have created unprecedented opportunities for the development and application of computational materials sciences. The balanced growth of the field involves a range of research and styles, from innovative single principal investigators to large interdisciplinary teams able to exploit leadership class computing. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Harmon, BN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/037 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000038 ER PT S AU Jones, WB Bester, G Canning, A Franceschetti, A Graf, PA Kim, K Langou, J Wang, LW Dongarra, J Zunger, A AF Jones, WB Bester, G Canning, A Franceschetti, A Graf, PA Kim, K Langou, J Wang, LW Dongarra, J Zunger, A BE Mezzacappa, A TI NanoPSE: Nanoscience problem solving environment for atomistic electronic structure of semiconductor nanostructures SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; ADDITION SPECTRA; INP; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; EXCITONS; ALLOYS AB Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and their collaborators have developed over the past similar to 10 years a set of algorithms for an atomistic description of the electronic structure of nanostructures, based on plane-wave pseudopotentials and configuration-interaction. The present contribution describes the first step in assembling these various codes into a single, portable, integrated set of software packages. This package is part of an ongoing research project in the development stage. Components of NanoPSE include codes for atomistic nanostructure generation and passivation, valence force field model for atomic relaxation, code for potential field generation, empirical pseudopotential method solver, strained linear combination of bulk bands method solver, configuration interaction solver for excited states, selection of linear algebra methods, and several inverse band structure solvers. Although not available for general distribution at this time as it is being developed and tested, the design goal of the NanoPSE software is to provide a software context for collaboration. The software package is enabled by fcdev, an integrated collection of best practice GNU software for open source development and distribution augmented to better support FORTRAN. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jones, WB (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012 OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/038 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000039 ER PT S AU Meunier, V Lu, WC Bernholc, J Sumpter, BG AF Meunier, V Lu, WC Bernholc, J Sumpter, BG BE Mezzacappa, A TI Electron transport in molecular systems SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; SILICON SURFACES AB Large-scale quantum electronic structure calculations coupled with non-equilibrium Green function theory are employed for determining quantum conductance on practical length scales. The combination of state-of-the-art quantum mechanical methods, efficient numerical algorithms, and high performance computing allows for realistic evaluation of properties at length scales that are routinely reached experimentally. Two illustrations of the method are presented. First, quantum chemical calculations using up to 104 basis functions are used to investigate the amphoteric doping of carbon nanotubes by encapsulation of organic molecules. As a second example, we investigate the electron transport properties of a Si/organic-molecule/Si junction using a numerically optimized basis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meunier, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/161/039 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000040 ER PT S AU Straatsma, TP AF Straatsma, TP BE Mezzacappa, A TI Scalable molecular dynamics SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID SHEWANELLA-FRIGIDIMARINA NCIMB400; SOLUBLE FUMARATE REDUCTASE; AERUGINOSA SEROTYPE O5; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; COUPLING MATRIX-ELEMENTS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FLAVOCYTOCHROME C(3); ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BAND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB Molecular dynamics simulations enable the study of the time evolution of molecular systems by taking many small successive time steps under atomic forces that are calculated from a parameterized set of interaction functions. These are simple functions describing bonded and non-bonded atomic interactions, so that large molecular systems can be simulated for many time steps. The simulations provide energetic and kinetic properties in the form of statistical ensemble averages. The resulting trajectories can be analyzed for a variety of geometric and kinetic properties and correlations between them. These simulations have been carried out for many different systems, especially in computational biochemistry. NWChem(1) is the computational chemistry software suite developed and maintained by the Molecular Sciences Software Group (MSSG) of the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This software has been designed to run efficiently on a variety of massively parallel computer architectures, including distributed memory (e.g. IBM-SP, Linux clusters) and shared memory (e.g. CRAY-T3E) architectures. In NWChem the molecular dynamics simulations 2 module is based on domain decomposition. This allows reduction of memory requirements through the distribution of data across many processors as well as reduction of communication requirements because to the locality of interactions in cut-off based atomic interaction lists. This type of decomposition does require sophisticated load balancing techniques to be implemented, however, because of the heterogeneity of biological systems. In NWChem we have implemented a combination of global and local load balancing techniques, resulting in a significant increase of the parallel scaling that can be achieved. In NWChem we use the AMBER force field 3 with the GLYCAM extensions(4) for simulations of saccharides. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Computat Sci & Math D, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Straatsma, TP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Computat Sci & Math D, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/040 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000041 ER PT S AU Plimpton, SJ Slepoy, A AF Plimpton, SJ Slepoy, A BE Mezzacappa, A TI Microbial cell modeling via reacting diffusive particles SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS AB We describe a particle-based simulator called ChemCell that we are developing with the goal of modeling the protein chemistry of biological cells for phenomena where spatial effects are important. Membranes and organelle structure are represented by triangulated surfaces. Diffusing particles represent proteins, complexes, or other biomolecules of interest. Particles interact with their neighbors in accord with Monte Carlo rules to perform biochemical reactions which can represent protein complex formation and dissociation, ligand binding, etc. In this brief paper we give the motivation for such a model, describe a few of the code's features, and highlight interesting computational issues that arise in particle-based cell modeling. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Plimpton, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/042 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000043 ER PT S AU Ghan, SJ Shippert, T AF Ghan, SJ Shippert, T BE Mezzacappa, A TI Physically-based global downscaling climate change projections for a full century SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB A global atmosphere/land model with an embedded subgrid orography scheme is used to simulate the period 1977-2100 using ocean surface conditions and radiative constituent concentrations for a climate change scenario. Climate variables simulated for multiple elevation classes are mapping according to a high-resolution elevation dataset in ten regions with complex terrain. Analysis of changes in the simulated climate leads to the following conclusions. Changes in precipitation vary widely, with precipitation increasing more with increasing altitude in some region, decreasing more with altitude in others, and changing little in still others. In some regions the sign of the precipitation change depends on surface elevation. Changes in surface air temperature are rather uniform, with at most a two-fold difference between the largest and smallest changes within a region; in most cases the warming increases with altitude. Changes in snow water are highly dependent on altitude. Absolute changes usually increase with altitude, while relative changes decrease. In places where snow accumulates, an artificial upper bound on snow water limits the sensitivity of snow water to climate change considerably. The simulated impact of climate change on regional mean snow water varies widely, with little impact in regions in which the upper bound on snow water is the dominant snow water sink, moderate impact in regions with a mixture of seasonal and permanent snow, and profound impacts on regions with little permanent snow. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/047 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000048 ER PT S AU Hunke, EC Lysne, JA Hecht, MW Maltrud, ME AF Hunke, EC Lysne, JA Hecht, MW Maltrud, ME BE Mezzacappa, A TI GM vs biharmonic ocean mixing in the Arctic SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID CIRCULATION MODELS AB As part of the Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project, the LANL ice-ocean modeling team completed two 55-year, global, ice-ocean simulations forced with atmospheric reanalysis data for 1948-2002. These two simulations differ only in the parameterization used for lateral mixing of tracers (potential temperature and salinity) in the ocean, but the resulting circulation and kinetic energy of the simulated oceans are very different, particularly at high latitudes. The differences can be traced to two effects, (1) scale selectivity, in which the Laplacian form of the Gent and McWilliams (GM) parameterization damps wave energy more quickly than the biharmonic mixing formulation, and (2) grid dependence of the diffusion coefficient, which appears in the biharmonic formulation but not in GM, and is particularly important at high latitudes where the grid scale decreases dramatically on the sphere. We conclude that, in order to maintain consistent suppression of numerical noise while allowing for a more energetic circulation in regions of finer grid spacing, future global simulations using the GM parameterization should include a diffusivity scaling factor given by the square root of the grid cell area. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hunke, EC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 348 EP 352 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/048 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000049 ER PT S AU Cardall, CY Razoumov, AO Endeve, E Lentz, EJ Mezzacappa, A AF Cardall, CY Razoumov, AO Endeve, E Lentz, EJ Mezzacappa, A BE Mezzacappa, A TI Toward five-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB The computational difficulty of six-dimensional neutrino radiation hydrodynamics has spawned a variety of approximations, provoking a long history of uncertainty in the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism. Under the auspices of the Terascale Supernova Initiative, we are honoring the physical complexity of supernovae by meeting the computational challenge head-on, undertaking the development of a new adaptive mesh refinement code for self-gravitating, six-dimensional neutrino radiation magnetohydrodynamics. This code - called GenASiS, for General Astrophysical Simulation System-is designed for modularity and extensibility of the physics. Presently in use or under development are capabilities for Newtonian self-gravity, Newtonian and special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (with 'realistic' equation of state), and special relativistic energy- and angle-dependent neutrino transport-including full treatment of the energy and angle dependence of scattering and pair interactions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cardall, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017; OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741; Endeve, Eirik/0000-0003-1251-9507 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 390 EP 394 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/053 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000054 ER PT S AU Hix, WR Messer, OEB Mezzacappa, A Liebendorfer, M Dean, DJ Langanke, K Sampaio, J Martinez-Pinedo, G AF Hix, WR Messer, OEB Mezzacappa, A Liebendorfer, M Dean, DJ Langanke, K Sampaio, J Martinez-Pinedo, G BE Mezzacappa, A TI Terascale input physics: the role of nuclear electron capture in core collapse supernovae SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; CONVECTION; MECHANISM; MODEL AB Core Collapse supernovae are among the most energetic explosions in the Universe and the predominant source of chemical elements heavier than carbon. They drive matter to extremes of density and temperature that cannot be produced on Earth and serve as laboratories for fundamental physics. Understanding these events requires the partnership of nuclear and particle physicists with astrophysicists and computational scientists. A case in point is the study of the role that captures of electrons and neutrinos on atomic nuclei play during the collapse of the core of a massive star as it reaches the end of its life. In addition to the astrophysical modeling, the required understanding of the structure of the atomic nucleus is itself a terascale application. We will discuss recent work which shows that a realistic treatment of electron capture on these nuclei causes significant changes in the hydrodynamics of core collapse and bounce, which set the stage for the subsequent evolution of the supernova. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hix, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Messer, Bronson/G-1848-2012; Sampaio, Jorge/M-4750-2013; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017; OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Messer, Bronson/0000-0002-5358-5415; Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0003-4359-493X; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741; Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 400 EP 404 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/055 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000056 ER PT S AU Yang, C AF Yang, C BE Mezzacappa, A TI Solving large-scale eigenvalue problems in SciDAC applications SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CONJUGATE GRADIENTS; JACOBI-DAVIDSON; ARNOLDI METHOD; EIGENPROBLEMS; CONVERGENCE; ITERATION; MINIMIZATION; MATRICES AB Large-scale eigenvalue problems arise in a number of DOE applications. This paper provides an overview of the recent development of eigenvalue computation in the context of two SciDAC applications. We emphasize the importance of Krylov subspace methods, and point out its limitations. We discuss the value of alternative approaches that are more amenable to the use of preconditioners, and report the progress on using the multi-level algebraic sub-structuring techniques to speed up eigenvalue calculation. In addition to methods for linear eigenvalue problems, we also examine new approaches to solving two types of non-linear eigenvalue problems arising from SciDAC applications. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94597 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94597 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/058 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000059 ER PT S AU Fischer, PF AF Fischer, PF BE Mezzacappa, A TI Anisotropic diffusion in a toroidal geometry SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB As part of the Department of Energy's applications oriented SciDAC project, three model problems have been proposed by the Center for Extended Magnetohydrodynamics Modeling to test the potential of numerical algorithms for challenging magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) problems that are required for future fusion development. The first of these, anisotropic diffusion in a toroidal geometry, is considered in this note. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fischer, PF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 446 EP 455 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/060 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000061 ER PT S AU Falgout, RD Brannick, J Brezina, M Manteuffel, T McCormick, S AF Falgout, RD Brannick, J Brezina, M Manteuffel, T McCormick, S BE Mezzacappa, A TI New multigrid solver advances in TOPS SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB In this paper, we highlight new multigrid solver advances in the Terascale Optimal PDE Simulations (TOPS) project in the Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. We discuss two new algebraic multigrid (AMG) developments in TOPS: the adaptive smoothed aggregation method (alpha SA) and a coarse-grid selection algorithm based on compatible relaxation (CR). The aSA method is showing promising results in initial studies for Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) applications. The CR method has the potential to greatly improve the applicability of AMG. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Falgout, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 456 EP 460 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/061 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000062 ER PT S AU Fann, GI Harrison, RJ Beylkin, G AF Fann, GI Harrison, RJ Beylkin, G BE Mezzacappa, A TI MRA and low-separation rank approximation with applications to quantum electronics structures computations SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID QUADRATIC WAVE FUNCTIONS; MULTIWAVELET BASES; MOLECULAR PROBLEMS; EXPONENTIAL-SUMS; HARTREE-FOCK; CHEMISTRY; DIMENSIONS; OPERATORS; FORMULAE AB We describe some recent mathematical results in constructing computational methods that lead to the development of fast and accurate multiresolution numerical methods for solving problems in computational chemistry (the so-called multiresolution quantum chemistry). Using low separation rank representations of functions and operators and representations in multiwavelet bases, we developed a multiscale solution method for integral and differential equations and integral transforms. The Poisson equation and the Schrodinger equation, the projector on the divergence free functions, provide important examples with a wide range of applications in computational chemistry, computational electromagnetic and fluid dynamics. We have implemented these ideas that include adaptive representations of operators and functions in the multiwavelet basis and low separation rank approximation of operators and functions. These methods have been implemented into a software package called Multiresolution Adaptive Numerical Evaluation for Scientific Simulation (MADNESS). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Math Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fann, GI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Math Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Beylkin, Gregory/G-6653-2011; OI BEYLKIN, GREGORY/0000-0003-3447-1460 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/062 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000063 ER PT S AU Hovland, PD Norris, B Strout, MM Bhowmick, S Utke, J AF Hovland, PD Norris, B Strout, MM Bhowmick, S Utke, J BE Mezzacappa, A TI Sensitivity analysis and design optimization through automatic differentiation SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB Automatic differentiation is a technique for transforming a program or subprogram that computes a function, including arbitrarily complex simulation codes, into one that computes the derivatives of that function. We describe the implementation and application of automatic differentiation tools. We highlight recent advances in the combinatorial algorithms and compiler technology that underlie successful implementation of automatic differentiation tools. We discuss applications of automatic differentiation in design optimization and sensitivity analysis. We also describe ongoing research in the design of language-independent source transformation infrastructures for automatic differentiation algorithms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hovland, PD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Norris, Boyana/0000-0001-5811-9731 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/063 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000064 ER PT S AU Li, XS Gao, W Husbands, PJR Yang, C Ng, EG AF Li, XS Gao, W Husbands, PJR Yang, C Ng, EG BE Mezzacappa, A TI The roles of sparse direct methods in large-scale simulations SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB Sparse systems of linear equations and eigen-equations arise at the heart of many large-scale, vital simulations in DOE. Examples include the Accelerator Science and Technology SciDAC (Omega3P code, electromagnetic problem), the Center for Extended Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling SciDAC (NIMROD and M3D-C-1 codes, fusion plasma simulation). The Terascale Optimal PDE Simulations (TOPS) is providing high-performance sparse direct solvers, which have had significant impacts on these applications. Over the past several years, we have been working closely with the other SciDAC teams to solve their large, sparse matrix problems arising from discretization of the partial differential equations. Most of these systems are very ill-conditioned, resulting in extremely poor convergence (sometimes no convergence) for many iterative solvers. we have successfully deployed our direct methods techniques in these applications, which achieved significant scientific results as well as performance gains. These successes were made possible through the SciDAC model of computer scientists and application scientists working together to take full advantage of terascale computing systems and new algorithms research. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, XS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 476 EP 480 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/065 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000066 ER PT S AU Serafini, DB McCorquodale, P Colella, P AF Serafini, DB McCorquodale, P Colella, P BE Mezzacappa, A TI Advanced 3D Poisson solvers and particle-in-cell methods for accelerator modeling SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID EQUATION AB We seek to improve on the conventional FFT-based algorithms for solving the Poisson equation with infinite-domain (open) boundary conditions for large problems in accelerator modeling and related areas. In particular, improvements in both accuracy and performance are possible by combining several technologies: the method of local corrections (MLC), the James algorithm; and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The MLC enables the parallelization (by domain decomposition) of problems with large domains and many grid points. This improves on the FFT-based Poisson solvers typically used as it doesn't require the all-to-all communication pattern that parallel 3d FFT algorithms require, which tends to be a performance bottleneck on current (and foreseeable) parallel computers. In initial tests, good scalability up to 1000 processors has been demonstrated for our new MLC solver. An essential component of our approach is a new version of the James algorithm for infinite-domain boundary conditions for the case of three dimensions. By using a simplified version of the fast multipole method in the boundary-to-boundary potential calculation, we improve on the performance of the Hockney algorithm typically used by reducing the number of grid points by a factor of 8, and the CPU costs by a factor of 3. This is particularly important for large problems where computer memory limits are a consideration. The MLC allows for the use of adaptive mesh refinement, which reduces the number of grid points and increases the accuracy in the Poisson solution. This improves on the uniform grid methods typically used in PIC codes, particularly in beam problems where the halo is large. Also, the number of particles per cell can be controlled more closely with adaptivity than with a uniform grid. To use AMR with particles is more complicated than using uniform grids. It affects depositing particles on the non-uniform grid, reassigning particles when the adaptive grid changes and maintaining the load balance between processors as grids and particles move. New algorithms and software are being developed to solve these problems efficiently. We are using the Chombo AMR software framework as the basis for this work. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, SciDAC Appl Differential Equat Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Serafini, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, SciDAC Appl Differential Equat Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/066 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000067 ER PT S AU Tautges, TJ Knupp, P Kraftcheck, JA Kim, HJ AF Tautges, TJ Knupp, P Kraftcheck, JA Kim, HJ BE Mezzacappa, A TI Interoperable geometry and mesh components for SciDAC applications SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB Software components for representing and evaluating geometry (TSTTG/CGM) and finite element mesh (TSTTM/MOAB), and a higher-level component for relations between the two (TSTTR/LASSO), have been combined with electromagnetic modelling and optimization techniques, to form a SciDAC shape optimization application. The TSTT data model described in this paper allows components involved in the shape optimization application to be coupled at a variety of levels, from coarse black-box coupling (e.g. to generate a model accelerator cavity using TSTTG) to very fine-grained coupling (e.g. smoothing individual mesh elements based in part on geometric surface normals at mesh vertices). Despite this flexibility, the TSTT data model uses only four fundamental data types (entities, sets, tags, and the interface object itself). We elaborate on the design and implementation of effective components in the context of this application, and show how our simple but flexible data model facilitates these efforts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tautges, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/067 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000068 ER PT S AU Ross, R Thakur, R Choudhary, A AF Ross, R Thakur, R Choudhary, A BE Mezzacappa, A TI Achievements and challenges for I/O in computational science SO SCIDAC 2005: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB The data access needs of computational science applications continue to grow, both in terms of the rates of I/O necessary to match compute capabilities, and in terms of the features required of I/O systems. Particularly, wide-area access to data, and moving data between systems, has become a priority. Key achievements in I/O for computational science have enabled many applications to effectively use I/O resources. However, growing application requirements challenge I/O system developers to create solutions that will make I/O systems easier to use, improve performance, and increase the manageability. In this work we outline the recent achievements and current status of I/O systems for computational science. We then enumerate key challenges for I/O systems in the near future and discuss ongoing efforts that address these challenges. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ross, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rross@mcs.anl.gov; thakur@mcs.anl.gov; choudhar@ece.north.western.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/069 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000070 ER PT S AU Klasky, S Beck, M Bhat, V Feibush, E Ludascher, B Parashar, M Shoshani, A Silver, D Vouk, M AF Klasky, S Beck, M Bhat, V Feibush, E Ludascher, B Parashar, M Shoshani, A Silver, D Vouk, M BE Mezzacappa, A TI Data management on the fusion computational pipeline SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB Fusion energy science, like other science areas in DOE, is becoming increasingly data intensive and network distributed. We discuss data management techniques that are essential for scientists making discoveries from their simulations and experiments, with special focus on the techniques and support that Fusion Simulation Project (FSP) scientists may need. However, the discussion applies to a broader audience since most of the fusion SciDAC's, and FSP proposals include a strong data management component. Simulations on ultra scale computing platforms imply an ability to efficiently integrate and network heterogeneous components (computational, storage, networks, codes, etc.), and to move large amounts of data over large distances. We discuss the workflow categories needed to support such research as well as the automation and other aspects that can allow an FSP scientist to focus on the science and spend less time tending information technology. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Klasky, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 510 EP 520 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/070 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000071 ER PT S AU Vuduc, R Demmel, JW Yelick, KA AF Vuduc, R Demmel, JW Yelick, KA BE Mezzacappa, A TI OSKI: A library of automatically tuned sparse matrix kernels SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID LINEAR ALGEBRA SUBPROGRAMS; IMPLEMENTATION; BLAS; DESIGN; MATLAB AB The Optimized Sparse Kernel Interface (OSKI) is a collection of low-level primitives that provide automatically tuned computational kernels on sparse matrices, for use by solver libraries and applications. These kernels include sparse matrix-vector multiply and sparse triangular solve, among others. The primary aim of this interface is to hide the complex decision-making process needed to tune the performance of a kernel implementation for a particular user's sparse matrix and machine, while also exposing the steps and potentially non-trivial costs of tuning at run-time. This paper provides an overview of OSKI, which is based on our research on automatically tuned sparse kernels for modern cache-based super-scalar machines. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vuduc, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-365, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Vuduc, Richard/0000-0003-2178-138X NR 44 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/071 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000072 ER PT S AU Alexeev, Y Allan, BA Armstrong, RC Bernholdt, DE Dahlgren, TL Gannon, D Janssen, CL Kenny, JP Krishnan, M Kohl, JA Kumfert, G McInnes, LC Nieplocha, J Parker, SG Rasmussen, C Windus, TL AF Alexeev, Y Allan, BA Armstrong, RC Bernholdt, DE Dahlgren, TL Gannon, D Janssen, CL Kenny, JP Krishnan, M Kohl, JA Kumfert, G McInnes, LC Nieplocha, J Parker, SG Rasmussen, C Windus, TL CA Ctr Component Technology Terascale BE Mezzacappa, A TI Component-based software for high-performance scientific computing SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB Recent advances in both computational hardware and multidisciplinary science have given rise to an unprecedented level of complexity in scientific simulation software. This paper describes an ongoing grass roots effort aimed at addressing complexity in high-performance computing through the use of Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE). Highlights of the benefits and accomplishments of the Common Component Architecture (CCA) Forum and SciDAC ISIC are given, followed by an illustrative example of how the CCA has been applied to drive scientific discovery in quantum chemistry. Thrusts for future research are also described briefly. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Alexeev, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 536 EP 540 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/073 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000074 ER PT S AU Rao, NS Carter, SM Wu, QS Wing, WR Zhu, MX Mezzacappa, A Veeraraghavan, M Blondin, JM AF Rao, NS Carter, SM Wu, QS Wing, WR Zhu, MX Mezzacappa, A Veeraraghavan, M Blondin, JM BE Mezzacappa, A TI Networking for large-scale science: infrastructure, provisioning, transport and application mapping SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB Large-scale science computations and experiments require unprecedented network capabilities in the form of large bandwidth and dynamically stable connections to support data transfers, interactive visualizations, and monitoring and steering operations. A number of component technologies dealing with the infrastructure, provisioning, transport and application mappings must be developed and/or optimized to achieve these capabilities. We present a brief account of the following technologies that contribute toward achieving these network capabilities: (a) DOE UltraScienceNet and NSF CHEETAH network testbeds that provide on-demand and scheduled dedicated network connections; (b) experimental results on transport protocols that achieve close to 100% utilization on dedicated 1Gbps wide-area channels; (c) a scheme for optimally mapping a visualization pipeline onto a network to minimize the end-to-end delays; and (d) interconnect configuration and protocols that provides multiple Gbps flows from Cray X1 to external hosts. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/074 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000075 ER PT S AU Bode, B Bradshaw, R DeBenedictus, E Desai, N Duell, J Geist, GA Hargrove, P Jackson, D Jackson, S Laros, J Lowe, C Lusk, E McLendon, W Mugler, J Naughton, T Navarro, JP Oldfield, R Pundit, N Scott, SL Showerman, M Steffen, C Walker, K AF Bode, B Bradshaw, R DeBenedictus, E Desai, N Duell, J Geist, GA Hargrove, P Jackson, D Jackson, S Laros, J Lowe, C Lusk, E McLendon, W Mugler, J Naughton, T Navarro, JP Oldfield, R Pundit, N Scott, SL Showerman, M Steffen, C Walker, K BE Mezzacappa, A TI Scalable system software: a component-based approach SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB The growth in computing resources at scientific computing centers has created new challenges for system software. These multi-teraflop systems often exceed the capabilities of the system software and require new approaches to accommodate these large processor counts. The costs associated with development and maintenance of this software are also significant impediments, which are compounded by a lack of interoperability because of site-specific enhancements. The Scalable System Software project seeks to address these issues through a component based approach to system software development. An overview of this design and the benefits of such an approach will be discussed in this paper. C1 Ames Natl Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Bode, B (reprint author), Ames Natl Lab, Ames, IA USA. OI Bode, Brett/0000-0002-4202-1024 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/075 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000076 ER PT S AU Worley, P Candy, J Carrington, L Huck, K Kaiser, T Mahinthakumar, G Malony, A Moore, S Reed, D Roth, P Shan, H Shende, S Snavely, A Sreepathi, S Wolf, F Zhang, Y AF Worley, P Candy, J Carrington, L Huck, K Kaiser, T Mahinthakumar, G Malony, A Moore, S Reed, D Roth, P Shan, H Shende, S Snavely, A Sreepathi, S Wolf, F Zhang, Y BE Mezzacappa, A TI Performance analysis of GYRO: a tool evaluation SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB The performance of the Eulerian gyrokinetic-Maxwell solver code GYRO is analyzed on five high performance computing systems. First, a manual approach is taken, using custom scripts to analyze the output of embedded wallclock timers, floating point operation counts collected using hardware performance counters, and traces of user and communication events collected using the profiling interface to Message Passing Interface (MPI) libraries. Parts of the analysis are then repeated or extended using a number of sophisticated performance analysis tools: IPM, KOJAK, SvPablo, TAU, and the PMaC modeling tool suite. The paper briefly discusses what has been discovered via this manual analysis process, what performance analyses are inconvenient or infeasible to attempt manually, and to what extent the tools show promise in accelerating or significantly extending the manual performance analyses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Worley, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/076 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000077 ER PT S AU Wu, KS AF Wu, KS BE Mezzacappa, A TI FastBit: an efficient indexing technology for accelerating data-intensive science SO SCIDAC 2005: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB FastBit is a software tool for searching large read-only datasets. It organizes user data in a column-oriented structure which is efficient for on-line analytical processing (OLAP), and utilizes compressed bitmap indices to further speed up query processing. Analyses have proven the compressed bitmap index used in FastBit to be theoretically optimal for one-dimensional queries. Compared with other optimal indexing methods, bitmap indices are superior because they can be efficiently combined to answer multi-dimensional queries whereas other optimal methods can not. In this paper, we first describe the searching capability of FastBit, then briefly highlight two applications that make extensive use of FastBit, namely Grid Collector and DEX. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KWu@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 556 EP 560 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/077 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000078 ER PT S AU Ruscic, B Pinzon, RE von Laszewski, G Kodeboyina, D Burcat, A Leahy, D Montoya, D Wagner, AF AF Ruscic, B Pinzon, RE von Laszewski, G Kodeboyina, D Burcat, A Leahy, D Montoya, D Wagner, AF BE Mezzacappa, A TI Active Thermochemical Tables: thermochemistry for the 21st century SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGY; ENTHALPY; WATER; HYDROXYL AB Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) are a good example of a significant breakthrough in chemical science that is directly enabled by the U.S. DOE SciDAC initiative. ATcT is a new paradigm of how to obtain accurate, reliable, and internally consistent thermochemistry and overcome the limitations that are intrinsic to the traditional sequential approach to thermochemistry. The availability of high-quality consistent thermochemical values is critical in many areas of chemistry, including the development of realistic predictive models of complex chemical environments such as combustion or the atmosphere, or development and improvement of sophisticated high-fidelity electronic structure computational treatments. As opposed to the traditional sequential evolution of thermochemical values for the chemical species of interest, ATcT utilizes the Thermochemical Network (TN) approach. This approach explicitly exposes the maze of inherent interdependencies normally ignored by the conventional treatment, and allows, inter alia, a statistical analysis of the individual measurements that define the TN. The end result is the extraction of the best possible thermochemistry, based on optimal use of all the currently available knowledge, hence making conventional tabulations of thermochemical values obsolete. Moreover, ATcT offer a number of additional features that are neither present nor possible in the traditional approach. With ATcT, new knowledge can be painlessly propagated through all affected thermochemical values. ATcT also allows hypothesis testing and evaluation, as well as discovery of weak links in the TN. The latter provides pointers to new experimental or theoretical determinations that can most efficiently improve the underlying thermochemical body of knowledge. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ruscic, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008; von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990; von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 34 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 4 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000079 ER PT S AU Allcock, B Chervenak, A Foster, I Kesselman, C Livny, M AF Allcock, B Chervenak, A Foster, I Kesselman, C Livny, M BE Mezzacappa, A TI Data Grid tools: enabling science on big distributed data SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB A particularly demanding and important challenge that we face as we attempt to construct the distributed computing machinery required to support SciDAC goals is the efficient, high-performance, reliable, secure, and policy-aware management of large-scale data movement. This problem is fundamental to diverse application domains including experimental physics (high energy physics, nuclear physics, light sources), simulation science (climate, computational chemistry, fusion, astrophysics), and large-scale collaboration. In each case, highly distributed user communities require high-speed access to valuable data, whether for visualization or analysis. The quantities of data involved (terabytes to petabytes), the scale of the demand (hundreds or thousands of users, data-intensive analyses, real-time constraints), and the complexity of the infrastructure that must be managed (networks, tertiary storage systems, network caches, computers, visualization systems) make the problem extremely challenging. Data management tools developed under the auspices of the SciDAC Data Grid Middleware project have become the de facto standard for data management in projects worldwide. Day in and day out, these tools provide the "plumbing" that allows scientists to do more science on an unprecedented scale in production environments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allcock, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/079 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000080 ER PT S AU Wicke, D AF Wicke, D BE Mezzacappa, A TI DO top quark results and their dependence on successful grid computing SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci ID CROSS-SECTION; HADROPRODUCTION; RESUMMATION; COLLISIONS; SAM AB The heaviest known Fermion particle - the top quark - was discovered at Fermilab in the first run of the Tevatron in 1995. However, besides its mere existence one needs to study its properties precisely in order to verify or falsify the predictions of the Standard Model. With the top quark's extremely high mass and short lifetime such measurements probe yet unexplored regions of the theory and bring us closer to solving the open fundamental questions of our universe of elementary particles such as why three families of quarks and leptons exist and why their masses differ so dramatically. To perform these measurements hundreds of millions of recorded proton-antiproton collisions must be reconstructed and filtered to extract the few top quarks produced. Simulated background and signal events with full detector response need to be generated and reconstructed to validate and understand the results. Since the start of the second run of the Tevatron the DO collaboration has brought Grid computing to its aid for the production of simulated events. Data processing on the Grid has recently been added and thereby enabled us to effectively triple the amount of data available with the highest quality reconstruction methods. We will present recent top quark results DO obtained from these improved data and explain how they benefited from the availability of computing resources on the Grid. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wicke, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS357,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 576 EP 585 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/080 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000081 ER PT S AU Wehner, M AF Wehner, M BE Mezzacappa, A TI The impact of SciDAC on US climate change research and the IPCC AR4 SO SciDAC 2005: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP US Dept Energy Off Sci AB SciDAC has invested heavily in climate change research. We offer a candid opinion as to the impact of the DOE laboratories' SciDAC projects on the upcoming Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wehner, M (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, MS-50F,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 16 BP 601 EP 605 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/084 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDI56 UT WOS:000233625000085 ER PT J AU Webb, V Hickner, M Baird, D Lesko, J Case, S AF Webb, V Hickner, M Baird, D Lesko, J Case, S TI Durability and performance of press molded polymer composite monopolar plates SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Durability Analysis of Composite Materials Systems CY MAY 12-15, 2004 CL Univ Latvia, Inst Polymer Mech, Riga, LATVIA HO Univ Latvia, Inst Polymer Mech DE fuel cells; bipolar plates; durability ID BIPOLAR PLATES AB The electrical and mechanical properties of new lightweight graphite polymeric separator plates aged in a PEM fuel cell were investigated to assess their resistance to short-term durability. While the changes in electrical properties of great interest to the operation of the fuel cell, mechanical and dimensional stability over the life of the cell are critical. Thus, new polymeric based separator plates developed at Virginia Tech were aged under standard operating conditions in a PEM fuel cell over 300 hours at low pressure and 85 degrees C. A comparison of conductivity, stiffness and strength of aged plates was made to as manufactured and unaged plates. Over the aging period, electrical conductivity did not decline even as the fuel cell performance showed some changes as evidenced by polarization curves. However, the mechanical strength of the monopolar plates was observed to decline less than 10% after 300 hours of fuel cell operation, due to the lack of stability of the polyester resin used to facilitate the rapid manufacturing of these new plates. These property changes were found to be independent of aging on the reduction and oxidation sides. Further work continues on plates formed through both fiber wet lay technology and those produced by compression molding of unique graphite filled epoxy systems, and to improve the electrochemical performance of cells fabricated using the resulting plates to levels comparable to those observed when using existing plate materials. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Case, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Mail Code 0219, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM scase@exchange.vt.edu RI Case, Scott/C-2637-2009; OI Case, Scott/0000-0002-4802-1228 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-181X J9 SCI ENG COMPOS MATER JI Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 937RS UT WOS:000229943800005 ER PT J AU Khanna, SK Long, X Porter, WD Wang, H Liu, CK Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E AF Khanna, SK Long, X Porter, WD Wang, H Liu, CK Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E TI Residual stresses in spot welded new generation aluminium alloys - Part A - thermophysical and thermomechanical properties of 6111 and 5754 aluminium alloys SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE new generation aluminium alloys; high temperature material properties; spot welding ID RESONANT ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY AB Thermophysical and thermomechanical properties of 5754 and 6111 aluminium alloys were experimentally determined between room temperature and 500 degrees C for use as input in the numerical simulation of residual stress generated during fusion welding processes of these materials. The thermophysical properties determined included specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion using the differential scanning calorimeter, laser flash technique and the dilatometer, respectively. Thermal conductivity was also calculated from thermal diffusivity, specific heat and density. The thermomechanical properties determined included yield strength, elastic modulus and Poisson ratio. The yield strength was determined using tensile test specimens in a heated chamber. The Poisson ratio and elastic modulus were determined using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Khanna, SK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM khannas@missouri.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1179/174329305X29474 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 917GQ UT WOS:000228445100012 ER PT B AU Nicholson, DMC Fuentes-Cabrera, M Widom, M Wang, Y Mihalkovic, M AF Nicholson, DMC Fuentes-Cabrera, M Widom, M Wang, Y Mihalkovic, M BE Massalski, TB Turchi, PEA TI Electronic structure-based approaches to metallic glass stability SO SCIENCE OF COMPLEX ALLOY PHASES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science of Complex Alloy Phases CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Met & Mat Soc, Elect, Magnet & Photon Div, Structural Mat Div, Alloy Phases Comm DE electronic structure; metallic glass; first principles ID COHERENT-POTENTIAL-APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-OF-STATES; STRUCTURE-INDUCED MINIMUM; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; LIQUID-METALS; AMORPHOUS METALS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; DISORDERED METALS; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES AB At least three factors make the determination of the electronic structure of metallic glasses difficult. First, the structure is not known from experiment; in the best circumstances only the density and pair correlations are known. Second, there is no periodicity and hence no simplifying Bloch theorem. Third, the amount of computer time required to model the electronic structure as the liquid is cooled through the glass transition is unattainable. Here, efforts to calculate the electronic structure over the past thirty years will be discussed; these include nearly free electron, effective medium, and supper cell approaches. The importance of the calculated stability of competing crystalline phases will also be emphasized. Finally, progress in using computed electronic structure based forces and energies to construct classical force fields will be demonstrated by determination of the glass transition temperature and evaluation of the electronic, magnetic, structural, and kinetic properties of the resulting glass. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nicholson, DMC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nicholsondm@ornl.gov RI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015 OI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079 NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-593-X PY 2005 BP 183 EP 199 PG 17 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBW38 UT WOS:000228126300007 ER PT S AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL BE Mendes, JFF Dorogovtsev, SN Povolotsky, A Abreu, FV Oliveira, JG TI Kinetic theory of random graphs SO Science of Complex Networks: From Biology to the Internet and WWW SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sciences of Complex Networks - From Biology to the Internet and WWW CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP Fund Cienc Tecnol*, COST P10 - Phys Risk, Fund Luso-Amer, Governo Civil Aveiro, Embaixada Franca, Embaixada Espanha, Caixa Geral Despositos, Lusitaniagas, Delta Cofes, Fund Calouste Gulbenk, Univ Aveiro DE random graphs; random networks; percolation; kinetic theory; rate equations ID MOLECULAR-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNICYCLIC COMPONENTS; AGGREGATION; COAGULATION; EQUATIONS; POLYMERS; GELATION; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB Statistical properties of evolving random graphs are analyzed using kinetic theory. Treating the linking process dynamically, structural characteristics of links, paths, cycles, and components are obtained analytically using the rate equation approach. Scaling laws for finite systems are derived using extreme statistics and scaling arguments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0262-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 776 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCS10 UT WOS:000230988700001 ER PT J AU Shield, JE Ravindran, VK Aich, S Hsiao, A Lewis, LH AF Shield, JE Ravindran, VK Aich, S Hsiao, A Lewis, LH TI Rapidly solidified nanocomposite SmCo7/fcc Co permanent magnets SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE permanent magnets; nanocomposite permanent magnets; rapid solidification ID ND-FE-B; ALLOYS; MEDIA AB High-remanent Sm-Co permanent magnetic alloys modified with Nb and C have been produced with isotropic grain structures consisting of 100-200nm SmCo7 and 10-15nm fcc Co phases, with the Co phase comprising only 2-4vol%. Remanence ratios of 0.7 have been consistently observed, with coercive forces approaching 10kOe. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Union Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shield, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, N104 WSEC, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jshield2@unl.edu NR 16 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.08.023 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 867VO UT WOS:000224870800015 ER PT S AU Sopori, B Li, C Narayanan, S Carlson, D AF Sopori, B Li, C Narayanan, S Carlson, D BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Sopori, BL Tabe, M Kiesel, P TI Efficiency limitations of multicrystalline silicon solar cells due to defect clusters SO Semiconductor Defect Engineering-Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Defect Engineering-Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Eastman Kodak Co, Kodak Res Labs, Freescale Semicond Inc, HORIBA Jobin Yvon Inc, Intel Corp, JEOL SA, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Palo Alto Res Ctr, SAIREM, Soitec Picogiga, Thales Res & Technol France, Unisoku Co Ltd AB Multicrystalline Si wafers used in commercial solar cell fabrication exhibit a tendency to form large "clusters" of defects, which remain laterally separated from each other. Defect clusters are also sites of impurity precipitation. Because precipitated impurities cannot be gettered by the conventional processes used in Si solar cell fabrication, defect clusters constitute low-performing regions in the cell. They shunt the device and constitute the primary efficiency limiting mechanism in current solar cells. We show that the efficiency loss caused by defect clusters can exceed 3 - 4 absolute points. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-817-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 864 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BCW11 UT WOS:000231500500034 ER PT S AU Li, SX Yu, KM Jones, RE Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Shan, W Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ Kemp, W AF Li, SX Yu, KM Jones, RE Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Shan, W Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ Kemp, W BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Sopori, BL Tabe, M Kiesel, P TI Electronic and optical properties of energetic particle-irradiated in-rich InGaN SO SEMICONDUCTOR DEFECT ENGINEERING-MATERIALS, SYNTHETIC STRUCTURES AND DEVICES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Defect Engineering-Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Eastman Kodak Co, Kodak Res Labs, Freescale Semicond Inc, HORIBA Jobin Yvon Inc, Intel Corp, JEOL SA, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Palo Alto Res Ctr, SAIREM, Soitec Picogiga, Thales Res & Technol France, Unisoku Co Ltd ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; SEMICONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION; ALLOYS; SCATTERING; GROWTH AB We have carried out a systematic study of the effects of irradiation on the electronic and optical properties of InGaN alloys over the entire composition range. High energy electrons, protons, and He-4(+) were used to produce displacement damage doses (D-d) spanning over five orders of magnitude. The free electron concentrations in InN and In-rich InGaN increase with Dd and finally saturate after a sufficiently high Dd. The saturation of carrier density is attributed to the formation of native donors and the Fermi level pinning at the Fermi Stabilization Energy (E-FS), as predicted by the amphoteric native defect model. Electrochemical capacitance-voltage (ECV) measurements reveal a surface electron accumulation whose concentration is determined by pinning at E-FS. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-817-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 864 BP 357 EP 362 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BCW11 UT WOS:000231500500052 ER PT S AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Mars, DE Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Ridgway, MC Geisz, JF AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Mars, DE Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Ridgway, MC Geisz, JF BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Sopori, BL Tabe, M Kiesel, P TI Mutual passivation in dilute GaNxAs1-x alloys SO SEMICONDUCTOR DEFECT ENGINEERING-MATERIALS, SYNTHETIC STRUCTURES AND DEVICES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Defect Engineering-Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Eastman Kodak Co, Kodak Res Labs, Freescale Semicond Inc, HORIBA Jobin Yvon Inc, Intel Corp, JEOL SA, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Palo Alto Res Ctr, SAIREM, Soitec Picogiga, Thales Res & Technol France, Unisoku Co Ltd ID BAND-GAP ENERGY; N ION-IMPLANTATION; GAINNAS ALLOYS; SI DIFFUSION; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; V ALLOYS; NITROGEN; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The dilute GaNxAs1-x alloys (with x up to 0.05) have exhibited many unusual properties as compared to the conventional binary and ternary semiconductor alloys. We report on a new effect in the GaNxAs1-x alloy system in which electrically active substitutional group IV donors and isoelectronic N atoms passivate each other's activity. This mutual passivation occurs in dilute GaNxAs1-x doped with group TV donors through the formation of nearest neighbor IVGa-N-As pairs when the samples are annealed under conditions such that the diffusion length of the donors is greater than or equal to the average distance between donor and N atoms. The passivation of the shallow donors and the N-As atoms is manifested in a drastic reduction in the free electron concentration and, simultaneously, an increase in the fundamental bandgap. This mutual passivation effect is demonstrated in both Si and Ge doped GaNxAs1-x alloys. Analytical calculations of the passivation process based on Ga vacancy mediated diffusion show good agreement with the experimental results. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-817-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 864 BP 413 EP 424 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BCW11 UT WOS:000231500500060 ER PT S AU Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Wagner, B Reitmeier, ZJ Preble, EA Davis, RF AF Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Wagner, B Reitmeier, ZJ Preble, EA Davis, RF BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Sopori, BL Tabe, M Kiesel, P TI Transmission electron microscopy study of nonpolar a-plane GaN grown by pendeo-epitaxy on (11(2)under-bar0) 4H-SiC SO Semiconductor Defect Engineering-Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Defect Engineering-Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Eastman Kodak Co, Kodak Res Labs, Freescale Semicond Inc, HORIBA Jobin Yvon Inc, Intel Corp, JEOL SA, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Palo Alto Res Ctr, SAIREM, Soitec Picogiga, Thales Res & Technol France, Unisoku Co Ltd ID NITRIDE AB Pendeo-epitaxy has been applied to nonpolar a-plane GaN layers in order to observe if such process will lead to defect reduction in comparison with direct growth on this plane. Uncoalesced and coalesced a-plane GaN layers with thicknesses 2 mu m and 12 mu m, respectively, have been studied by conventional and high resolution electron microscopy. The following structural defects have been observed in pendeo-epitaxial layers: (1) basal stacking faults, (2) threading dislocations, and (3) prismatic stacking faults. A drastic decrease in the density of threading dislocations and stacking faults was observed in 'wing' areas with respect to 'seed' areas. Cross-section images reveal cracks and voids at the areas where two coalesced wings meet each other. High resolution electron microscopy shows that the majority of stacking faults are low-energy planar defects of the types I-1, I-2 and I-3. The I-3 type basal stacking fault, predicted theoretically, was observed experimentally for the first time. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zakharov, DN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-817-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 864 BP 561 EP 566 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BCW11 UT WOS:000231500500081 ER PT S AU Letant, SE Hart, BR Kane, SR Hadi, MZ Shields, SJ Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK Del Eckels, J Reynolds, JG AF Letant, SE Hart, BR Kane, SR Hadi, MZ Shields, SJ Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK Del Eckels, J Reynolds, JG BE Seal, S Baraton, MI Parrish, C Murayama, N TI Development of a hybrid enzyme-based porous silicon platform for chemical warfare agent detection SO Semiconductor Materials for Sensing SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Materials for Sensing held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, APEX Biotechnol Co, Riken Keiki Co Ltd AB The goal of our research is to combine porous silicon and enzymes in order to build hybrid platforms for extremely selective chemical sensing applications. For this, a new synthetic route to covalently anchor bio-molecules on photo-luminescent porous silicon (PL PSi) while preserving the optical properties of the matrix was developed. The hydride terminated porous silicon surface was covalently functionalized with t-butyloxycarbonyl protected amine by light-assisted hydrosysilation. Protein cross-tinker chemistry was then used to extend the linker and immobilize various enzymes. The glucoronidase enzyme/p-nitro-phenyl-beta-glucoronide substrate test system provided a proof of concept for an enzyme-based porous silicon detector. The enzymatic activity and the luminescence of the porous silicon platform were both retained after the functionalization procedure and, charge transfer between the products of the enzymatic breakdown and the silicon quantum dots was demonstrated. The organophosphorous hydrolase enzyme OPAA was then immobilized and tested on p-nitrophenyl-soman, a surrogate substrate for soman. The production of the hydrolysis product, p-nitrophenol, correlated with the reversible luminescence quenching of the porous silicon matrix demonstrating the relevance of the enzyme-based platform for detection applications. This detection scheme, although indirect, takes advantage of the extreme specificity of enzymes. The approach is general and can be implemented for a series of target molecules. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Letant, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-776-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 828 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BCD99 UT WOS:000228800700008 ER PT J AU Ho, CK AF Ho, CK TI Special issue - Sensors for environmental monitoring - Preface SO SENSORS LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 913GS UT WOS:000228140200001 ER PT J AU Ho, CK Robinson, A Miller, DR Davis, MJ AF Ho, CK Robinson, A Miller, DR Davis, MJ TI Overview of sensors and needs for environmental monitoring SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE environmental monitoring; sensors; regulatory standards AB This paper surveys the needs associated with environmental monitoring and long-term environmental stewardship. Emerging sensor technologies are reviewed to identify compatible technologies for various environmental monitoring applications. The contaminants that are considered in this report are grouped into the following categories: ( 1) metals, ( 2) radioisotopes, ( 3) volatile organic compounds, and ( 4) biological contaminants. United States regulatory drivers are evaluated for different applications ( e. g., drinking water, storm water, pretreatment, and air emissions), and sensor requirements are derived from these regulatory metrics. Sensor capabilities are then summarized according to contaminant type, and the applicability of the different sensors to various environmental monitoring applications is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 23 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 37 DI 10.3390/s5010004 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 913GS UT WOS:000228140200002 ER PT J AU Burge, SR Hoffman, DA Hartman, MJ Venedam, RJ AF Burge, SR Hoffman, DA Hartman, MJ Venedam, RJ TI Automated ground-water sampling and analysis of hexavalent chromium using a "universal" sampling/analytical system SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE field monitoring; hexavalent chromium; colorimetric; automated analysis AB The capabilities of a "universal platform" for the deployment of analytical sensors in the field for long-term monitoring of environmental contaminants were expanded in this investigation. The platform was previously used to monitor trichloroethene in monitoring wells and at groundwater treatment systems ( 1,2). The platform was interfaced with chromium ( VI) and conductivity analytical systems to monitor shallow wells installed adjacent to the Columbia River at the 100-D Area of the Hanford Site, Washington. A groundwater plume of hexavalent chromium is discharging into the Columbia River through the gravels beds used by spawning salmon. The sampling/ analytical platform was deployed for the purpose of collecting data on subsurface hexavalent chromium concentrations at more frequent intervals than was possible with the previous sampling and analysis methods employed a the Site. C1 Burge Environm, Tempe, AZ 85283 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Burge, SR (reprint author), Burge Environm, 6100 Burge Environm S Maple,Suite 141, Tempe, AZ 85283 USA. EM burgenv@globalcrossing.net NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.3390/s5010038 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 913GS UT WOS:000228140200003 ER PT J AU Runkle, RC Brodzinski, RL Jordan, DV Hartman, JS Hensley, WK Maynard, MA Sliger, WA Smart, JE Todd, LC AF Runkle, RC Brodzinski, RL Jordan, DV Hartman, JS Hensley, WK Maynard, MA Sliger, WA Smart, JE Todd, LC TI Cerenkov counter for in-situ groundwater monitoring of Sr-90 SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE strontium-90; groundwater monitoring; Cerenkov light AB Groundwater contamination from Sr-90 is an environmental challenge posed to present and former nuclear weapons related sites. Traditional methods of extracting groundwater samples and performing laboratory analyses are expensive, time-consuming and induce significant disposal challenges. The authors present here a prototype counter capable of measuring Sr-90 groundwater concentrations in-situ at or below the drinking water limit of 8 pCi/liter. The Y-90 daughter of Sr-90 produces high-energy electrons, which can create Cerenkov light. Photomultiplier tubes convert the Cerenkov light into an electronic pulse, which then undergoes signal processing with standard electronics. Strontium-90 concentrations near the drinking water limit can be measured in a matter of hours if it is in secular equilibrium with the Y-90 daughter. The prototype counter is compact, can be deployed in an American Standard 6-inch, well while operated by a single person, and transmits the results to a central monitoring location. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Runkle, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.runkle@pnl.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.3390/s5010051 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 913GS UT WOS:000228140200004 ER PT S AU Gordiyenko, E Yefremenko, V Pearson, J Bader, SD Novosad, V AF Gordiyenko, E Yefremenko, V Pearson, J Bader, SD Novosad, V BE Carapezza, EM TI High-sensitivity, and cost-effective system for infrared imaging of concealed objects in dynamic mode SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE infrared imaging systems; concealed objects; infrared detectors; visualization of thermal fields AB Novel, cost-efficient, and highly-sensitive IR imaging systems play an important role in the homeland security function. Technical limitations in the areas of sensitivity, contrast ratio, bandwidth and cost continue to constrain imaging capabilities. We have designed and prototyped a compact computer-piloted high sensitivity infrared imaging system. The device consists of infrared optics, cryostat, low-noise pre-amplifier, Analog-to-Digital hardware, feed-back electronics, and unique image processing software. Important advantages of the developed system are: (i) Eight electronic channels are available for simultaneous registration of IR and visible images in multiple spectral ranges, (ii) Capability of real-time analysis such as comparing the "sensed" image with "reference" images from a database, (iii) High accuracy temperature measurement of multiple points on the image by referencing the radiation intensity from the object to a black body model, (iv) Image generation by real-time integration of images from multiple sensors operating from visible to terahertz range. The device was tested with a liquid- nitrogen cooled single-pixel HgCdTe detector for imaging in 8-12 microns range. The demonstrated examples of infrared imaging of concealed objects in static and dynamic modes include a hammer (metal head and wooden handle), plastic imitator of handguns hidden under clothes, powder in an envelop, and revealing complex wall structures under decorative plaster. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Novosad, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.603851 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700012 ER PT S AU Prasad, L Snyder, H AF Prasad, L Snyder, H BE Carapezza, EM TI Detecting objects in radiographs for homeland security SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE segmentation; Delaunay triangulation; object recognition; shape; SVG AB We present a general scheme for segmenting a radiographic image into polygons that correspond to visual features. This decomposition provides a vectorized representation that is a high-level description of the image. The polygons correspond to objects or object parts present in the image. This characterization of radiographs allows the direct application of several shape recognition algorithms to identify objects. In this paper we describe the use of constrained Delaunay triangulations as a uniform foundational tool to achieve multiple visual tasks, namely image segmentation, shape decomposition, and parts-based shape matching. Shape decomposition yields parts that serve as tokens representing local shape characteristics. Parts-based shape matching enables the recognition of objects in the presence of occlusions, which commonly occur in radiographs. The polygonal representation of image features affords the efficient design and application of sophisticated geometric filtering methods to detect large-scale structural properties of objects in images. Finally, the representation of radiographs via polygons results in significant reduction of image file sizes and permits the scalable graphical representation of images, along with annotations of detected objects, in the SVG (scalable vector graphics) format that is proposed by the world wide web consortium (W3C). This is a textual representation that can be compressed and encrypted for efficient and secure transmission of information over wireless channels and on the Internet. In particular, our methods described here provide an algorithmic framework for developing image analysis tools for screening cargo at ports of entry for homeland security. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prasad, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.604525 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700013 ER PT S AU McMakin, DL Sheen, DM Griffin, JW Valentine, NB Lechelt, WM AF McMakin, DL Sheen, DM Griffin, JW Valentine, NB Lechelt, WM BE Carapezza, EM TI Personnel and mail screening with millimeter waves SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE millimeter waves; mail screening; personnel surveillance; holography; imaging ID CONCEALED WEAPON DETECTION AB The detection and interdiction of biological and chemical warfare agents at point-of-entry military, government, and civilian facilities remains a high priority for security personnel. Commercial personnel and mail screening technologies for these harmful agents are still being developed and improved upon to meet all security client requirements. Millimeter-wave holographic imaging technology developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is an ideal sensor to interrogate objects concealed behind low dielectric barriers such as paper, cardboard, and clothing. It uses harmless millimeter waves to illuminate the object or person under surveillance. The waves penetrate through the low dielectric barrier and either reflects off or pass through the hidden object, depending on its material dielectric properties. The reflected signals are digitized and sent to high-speed computers to form high-resolution, three-dimensional (3-D) images. Feasibility imaging studies have been conducted to determine whether simulated biological or chemical agents concealed in mail packages or under clothing could be detected using holographic radar imaging techniques. The results of this study will be presented in this paper. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP McMakin, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.606860 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700018 ER PT S AU Mielke, AM Smith, MC Brennan, SM Torney, DC Jackson, D Karlin, JF Maccabe, AB AF Mielke, AM Smith, MC Brennan, SM Torney, DC Jackson, D Karlin, JF Maccabe, AB BE Carapezza, EM TI Radiation detection with distributed sensor networks SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL AB Given the heightened awareness and response to threats posed to national security, it is important to evaluate, and if possible, improve current measures being taken to ensure our nation's safety. With terrorism so prevalent in our thoughts, the possible risk of nuclear attacks remains a major concern. Portal monitors are one type of technology that may be used to combat this risk. Their purpose is to detect nuclear materials and, if found, alert first responders to such a discovery. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is currently working on an alternative to these costly portal monitors through the Distributed Sensor Network (DSN) project. In collaboration with the University of New Mexico (UNM), this project aims to develop distributed networks of heterogeneous sensors with the ability to process data in-situ in order to produce real-time decisions regarding the presence of radioactive material within the network. The focus of the work described in this paper has been the evaluation of current commercial products available for application deployments, as well as the development of a sensor network in simulation to reduce key deployment issues. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mielke, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1117/12.603498 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700042 ER PT J AU Geeting, JGH Hallen, RT AF Geeting, JGH Hallen, RT TI Filtration, washing, and caustic leaching of hanford tank AZ-101 sludge SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB Approximately 4.3 kg of slurry from Hanford Tank AZ- 101 were evaluated by the pretreatment processes of cross-flow filtration, washing, caustic leaching, and rinsing. The filterability was measured with a 0.1- mum sintered metal filter using a single-element, cross-flow filtration system. During testing, the permeate flux and slurry axial velocity, pressure, and temperature were monitored every 10min. The slurry temperature was maintained at 25degreesC +/- 5degreesC, except during the elevated-temperature leaching step. The test results show that cross-flow filtration provides excellent separation of solids and liquids, as evidenced by the permeate flux and the measured activity of nearly insoluble Am-241. The average permeate flux measured was higher than the Waste Treatment Plant target of 0.014gpm/ft(2), and the average decontamination factor for Am-241 was 985,000 during testing. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Geeting, JGH (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, POB 999,MS P7-28, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1081/SS-200041752 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000002 ER PT J AU Ladd-Lively, JL Spencer, BB Counce, RM AF Ladd-Lively, JL Spencer, BB Counce, RM TI Separation of cesium and strontium from residues arising from fluoride volatility processing of spent nuclear fuel SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID WASTE AB The overall objective of this study was to support an alternative hybrid process to meet Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative goals, using fluorination and aqueous processing techniques, for treatment of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The specific goal was to develop a simple aqueous dissolution process to separate two high-heat fission products, cesium and strontium, from SNF fluoride residues. This separation was based on solubility differences examined by modeling using the HSC Chemistry 5.0 program. HSC automatically utilizes an extensive thermochemical database, which contains enthalpy (H), entropy (S), and heat capacity (C) data for more than 17,000 chemical compounds. The work focused on the fluoride residues from the voloxidation and fluorination steps of the fluoride volatility process and was limited to SNF from commercial light-water reactors. Material balances were used to estimate the quantity of residue. A representative SNF was considered to be one with a burnup of 33,000 megawatt days per metric ton initial heavy metal after a 10-yr cooling period, from a pressurized-water reactor. The dry fluorination method was used for uranium removal. The work described in this paper is based solely on computer modeling, which will serve as the basis for any necessary follow-on laboratory validation experiments. Observations from this study showed that water dissolution provided adequate separation of cesium from the fluoride residues but only negligible separation of strontium with cesium. After removal of cesium, a second separation with water provided little additional removal of strontium. 'For disposal purposes, it would be reasonable to dispose of cesium and strontium together. Therefore, more research is needed to examine the possibility of converting all fluoride residues to hydroxides to increase the solubility of strontium. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ladd-Lively, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. RI Ladd-Lively, Jennifer/I-6305-2016 OI Ladd-Lively, Jennifer/0000-0001-9353-675X NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1081/SS-200041756 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000003 ER PT J AU Fiskum, SK Blanchard, DL Arm, ST Peterson, RA AF Fiskum, SK Blanchard, DL Arm, ST Peterson, RA TI Cesium removal from simulated and actual Hanford tank waste using ion exchange SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB Effective cesium removal from Hanford tank wastes is presented using SuperLig(R) 644, an elutable, organic ion exchanger. Test materials included simulant 241-AW-101, actual wastes from tanks 241-A-P-101, 241-AN-102 combined with wash and leachate solutions from 241-C-104 solids, concentrated 241-AZ-102, 241-AZ-101, and 241-AP-104. Multiple process cycle testing was conducted using dual, small columns in series. Cesium (Cs) load and elution profiles were developed. In all cases, high Cs decontamination factors from the Hanford tank waste were obtained. The Cs was efficiently elated from the resin with 0.5 M HNO3, and the resin was regenerated with 0.25 M NaOH, allowing for repeated resin reuse. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington Grp Int, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fiskum, SK (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Peterson, Reid/0000-0003-3368-1896 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1081/SS-200041760 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000005 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR Herlinger, AW AF Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR Herlinger, AW TI Trivalent actinide and lanthanide separations by dialkyl-substituted diphosphonic acids SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; METAL EXTRACTION; COMPLEX FORMATION; ELEMENTS; REGULARITIES; AGGREGATION; IONS; FE(III); SERIES AB The dialkyl-substituted diphosphonic acids are powerful solvent extraction reagents for actinide separation and preconcentration from biological, environmental, and nuclear waste samples. In spite of the intensive scrutiny of the solvent extraction properties of these compounds, only the extraction of Eu(III) and Am(III), among the lanthanides and trivalent actinides, has been investigated thus far. In this work, we report the extraction of all members of the lanthanide series, plus lanthanum, yttrium, Am(III), Cm(III), and Cf(III), by two representative diphosphonic acids [i.e., P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylenediphosphonic acid (H2DEH[MDP]) and the P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) ethylenediphosphonic acid (H2DEH[EDP])]. H2DEH[MDP] shows very efficient extraction of all ions investigated, but little selectivity, except for the heaviest lanthanides. H2DEH[EDP], on the other hand, exhibits less efficient extraction, but much higher selectivity, with an average separation factor between contiguous elements of 1.8, and extraction equilibrium constants spanning about three orders of magnitude along the lanthanide series. The extraction data for H2DEH[EDP] also exhibit a significant tetrad effect. The differences in affinity and selectivity for the lanthanides and trivalent actinides observed with the two extractants are discussed in terms of chelating ring size, monofunctional character, extractant aggregation, and metal extraction stoichiometries. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 90 DI 10.1081/SS-200041762 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000006 ER PT J AU Rapko, BM Sinkov, SI Levitskaia, TG AF Rapko, BM Sinkov, SI Levitskaia, TG TI Removal of Cs-137 from dissolved Hanford tank saltcake by treatment with (IONSIVIE)-I-(R)-911 SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB This paper describes the removal of Cs from dissolved Hanford tank saltcake. A composite feed solution was prepared by dissolving archived saltcake samples from Hanford single shell tanks 241-S-101, 241-S-109, 241-S-110, 241-S-111, 241-U-106, and 241-U-109 and adjusting the solution to approximately 5M Na+. This composite feed solution was treated by ion exchange with IONSIV(R) IE-911, which effectively reduced the concentration of Cs-137 to a point of negligible contribution to the overall sample dose. The reduction in sample dose was sufficient for subsequent testing of waste immobilization technologies without significant radiological hazard. Among the major identified species was K+, the principle cesium competitor in the ion exchange process, which was present at 0.01 M or about 550 times greater than cesium concentration. Ion exchange using IONSIV(R) IE-911 demonstrated high selectivity for cesium and quantitatively depleted Cs-137 from this feed, with an observed decontamination factor of greater than 30,000. The Cs-depleted saltcake solution also was characterized, and these results are compared to the initial characterization data when possible. As part of this characterization effort, the application of visible spectroscopy for quantifying major anionic components in tank waste was explored, and its potential as a means for directly measuring major bulk components in tank waste is discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rapko, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.1081/SS-200041765 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000007 ER PT J AU Peterson, ES Cleary, B Hackett, M Trudeau, J AF Peterson, ES Cleary, B Hackett, M Trudeau, J TI A membrane process for industrial water treatment: From bench to pilot demonstration SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID PHOSPHAZENE POLYMER MEMBRANES; GAS SEPARATION PROPERTIES AB A rotary membrane filtration system was used to separate die lubricant from a manufacturing wastewater stream consisting of various oils, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and silicones. The ultrafiltration membranes reduced organics from initial oil and grease contents by factors of 20 to 25, carbon oxygen demand by 1.5 to 2, and total organic carbon by 0.6, while the biological oxygen demand remained constant. The rotary membranes were not fouled as badly as static membranes, and the rotary membrane flux levels were consistently higher and more stable than those of the static membranes tested. Field testing demonstrated that the rotary ultrafilter can concentrate the die lubricant, remove the glycerin component, and produce a die lubricant suitable for in-plant recycling. The recycling system operated for 6 weeks with only seven cleaning cycles and no mechanical or electrical failures. Test data and quality records indicate that when recycled die lubricant was used, the die casting scrap was reduced from 8.4 to 7.8%. Rotary ultrafiltration presents significant opportunities that can be evaluated further. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. Metaldyne LLC, Twinsburg, OH USA. RP Peterson, ES (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. RI Peterson, Eric/B-9127-2017 OI Peterson, Eric/0000-0002-2292-4939 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 131 EP 155 DI 10.1081/SS-200041889 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000009 ER PT J AU Tranter, TJ Tillotson, RD Todd, TA AF Tranter, TJ Tillotson, RD Todd, TA TI Evaluation of IONSIV (TM) IE-911 as a cesium removal option for ineel acidic tank waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB Preliminary tests have been performed with a candidate ion exchange material in order to evaluate the efficacy for removing cesium from simulated Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory acidic tank waste. The ion exchanger being investigated is the inorganic material crystalline silicotitanate (CST). CST is available commercially in engineered form as IONSIV(TM) IE-911. Equilibrium and dynamic testing with the CST demonstrated it to have adequate selectivity and capacity for removing cesium from the complex acidic waste matrix. However, to improve the stability of the CST during a continuous column operation, it was necessary to reduce the acidity of the feed to approximately 0.5 M HNO3. This partial neutralization step was accomplished using 50 wt % NaOH. Formation of a visible precipitate was not observed during this process, and subsequent particle analysis confirmed the absence of any additional particle formation above 0.4 micron. CST was shown to exhibit reasonable, but relatively low, loading capacities for cesium based on a loading per unit mass of exchanger. However, the maximum allowable radiation dose for the spent ion exchanger shipping containers is expected to be the limiting value for cesium loading on the bed material. Therefore, it is anticipated that the candidate ion exchange material would provide acceptable or excess cesium removal capacity. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tranter, TJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM ttranter@inel.gov RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016 OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1081/SS-200041902 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000010 ER PT J AU Hallen, RT Geeting, JGH Lilga, MA Hart, TR Hoopes, FV AF Hallen, RT Geeting, JGH Lilga, MA Hart, TR Hoopes, FV TI Assessment of the mechanisms for sr-90 and TRU removal from complex and containing tank wastes at Hanford SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB Small-scale tests (similar to20mL) were conducted with samples from Hanford underground storage tanks AN-102 and AN-107 to assess the mechanisms for removing Sr-90 and transuranics (TRU) from the liquid (supernatant) portion of the waste. The Sr-90 and TRU must be removed (decontaminated), in addition to Cs-137 and the entrained solids, before the supernatant can be disposed of as low-activity waste. Experiments were conducted with various reagents and modified Sr/TRU removal process conditions to more fully understand the reaction mechanisms. The optimized treatment conditions-no added hydroxide, addition of Sr (0.02 M target concentration) followed by sodium permanganate (0.02 M target concentration) with mixing at ambient temperature-were used as a reference for comparison. The waste was initially two orders of magnitude undersaturated with Sr; the addition of nonradioactive Sr(NO3)(2) saturated the supernatant, resulting in isotopic dilution and precipitation of Sr-90 as SrCO3. The reaction chemistry of Mn species relevant to the mechanism of TRU removal by permanganate treatment was evaluated, along with the importance of various mechanisms for decontamination, such as precipitation, absorption, ligand exchange, and oxidation of organic complexants. For TRU removal, permanganate addition generally gave the highest DF. The addition of Mn of lower oxidation states (II, IV, and VI) also resulted in good TRU removal, as did complexant oxidation with periodate and addition of Zr(IV) for ligand exchange. These results suggest that permanganate treatment leads to TRU removal by multiple routes. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hallen, RT (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM richard.hallen@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1081/SS-200041906 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000011 ER PT J AU Burgeson, IE Deschane, JR Blanchard, DL AF Burgeson, IE Deschane, JR Blanchard, DL TI Removal of technetium from Hanford tank waste supernates SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB SuperLig(R) 639 ion exchange resin manufactured by IBC Technologies is currently being evaluated for technetium removal from Hanford tank-waste supernates as part of the design for the U.S. Department of Energy/Office of River Protection Project-Waste Treatment Plant. Small-scale testing of the SuperLig(R) 639 was performed with four Hanford tank-waste supernates using a dual-column configuration, each containing a 5-mL resin bed. Two tank-waste supernates exhibited a high fraction of nonextractable technetium (nonpertechnetate): AN-102/C-104 was 50% nonpertechnetate, and AP-104 was 69% nonpertechnetate. The pertechnetate removal was excellent for all tested supernates, showing an average of 99% removal for supernates that were essentially all pertechnetate and >86% removal for supernates that contained a high fraction of nonpertechnetate. The column elution was effective using 65degreesC water, resulting in 99% elution on average within 16 bed volumes of eluant. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Burgeson, IE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 201 EP 223 DI 10.1081/SS-200041916 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000013 ER PT J AU Wilmarth, WR Mills, JT Dukes, VH AF Wilmarth, WR Mills, JT Dukes, VH TI Removal of silicon from high-level waste streams via ferric flocculation SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB The presence of silicate from glass-forming frit in the recycle waste from the Defense Waste Processing Facility produces wastes that, when combined with the traditional aluminate-bearing wastes stored in Savannah River Site's tank farms, can produce insoluble sodium aluminosilicates. Currently, aluminum-bearing wastes and silicon-bearing wastes are processed in separate evaporators. This, however, limits operational flexibility. Therefore, treatment to remove silicon has been proposed to allow greater flexibility for processing these wastes in the site's evaporators. The use of a ferric precipitation (flocculation) to remove the silicon has been tested using waste simulants. Ferric precipitation following ferric nitrate addition to two different alkaline DWPF recycle waste simulants was effective at removing silicon to levels below concern for processing in any of the Savannah River Site's evaporators. Removal of silicon was rapid with removal complete in 2 h. Elevated temperatures were tested and found to be not required. Capacities of the resultant iron flocculent were similar to0.1 g of silicon per gram of iron at a final silicon concentration of 50 mg/L. Moreover, the silicon removal obeys a classical Freundlich adsorption isotherm. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wilmarth, WR (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Bill.Wilmarth@SRS.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1081/SS-200042001 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000016 ER PT J AU Addai-Mensah, J Li, J Zbik, M Wilmarth, WR AF Addai-Mensah, J Li, J Zbik, M Wilmarth, WR TI Uranium sorption on solid aluminosilicate phases under caustic conditions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID BAYER LIQUOR; SOLUBILITY; SODALITE AB The formation of aluminosilicate scales in the High Level Waste Evaporators at the Savannah River Site led to curtailed operation and an expensive cleaning evolution due in part to the presence of enriched uranium in the scale. Therefore, the sorption behavior of uranium species and sodium aluminosilicate (NAS) solid phases in nitrate/nitrite-rich sodium aluminosilicate solutions were studied under well-defined conditions at 22degreesC and agitation rate of 400 rpm. The NAS solids comprised four well-characterized phases of amorphous, zeolite A, sodalite, and cancrinite. Pure, synthetic sodium diuranate (Na2U2O7) crystals were precipitated and used as the base/reference U-containing compound. The studies of the sorption behavior of U-containing species on NAS solid phases were conducted under conditions where no detectable dissolution, precipitation, or crystallographic phase transformation of the NAS adsorbent phases were observed over a 6 h test period. The uranium sorption capacities were reached typically within 3 h. The uranium capacities were measured 6.36 to 9.3 mg U kg(-1) NAS solid for the Zeolite A and cancrinite phase. The amorphous and sodalite phase had higher uranium loading that measured between 19 and 58 mg U kg(-1) NAS solid. C1 Univ S Australia, Ian Wark Res Inst, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Addai-Mensah, J (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ian Wark Res Inst, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. EM Bill.Wilmarth@SRS.gov RI Li, Jun/D-1788-2009; Addai-Mensah, Jonas/F-4180-2013 OI Addai-Mensah, Jonas/0000-0001-8381-2108 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1081/SS-200042003 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000017 ER PT J AU Bluhm, EA Abney, KD Balkey, S Brock, JC Coriz, F Dyke, JT Garcia, DJ Griego, BJ Martinez, BT Martinez, D Martinez, JR Martinez, YA Morgan, L Roybal, JD Valdez, JA Ramsey, KB Bluhm, BK Martinez, CD Valdez, MM AF Bluhm, EA Abney, KD Balkey, S Brock, JC Coriz, F Dyke, JT Garcia, DJ Griego, BJ Martinez, BT Martinez, D Martinez, JR Martinez, YA Morgan, L Roybal, JD Valdez, JA Ramsey, KB Bluhm, BK Martinez, CD Valdez, MM TI Plutonium oxide polishing for MOX fuel production SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has been tasked to produce 120 kg of plutonium as highly purified PuO2 for the European Mixed Oxide (MOX) Lead Test Assembly managed by Duke, COGEMA,, Stone & Webster (DCS). To meet stringent and challenging technical requirements for PuO2 production, the LANL aqueous polishing team recently established consistency in generating quality material from weapons-grade PuO2. Polishing was required to remove undesirable quantities of trace-metal impurities, particularly gallium, and to produce a material with appropriate powder characteristics, such as particle size and surface area. The process flow sheet for PuO2 polishing was based on aqueous purification and included the unit operations of dissolution, ion exchange, oxalate precipitation, and calcination. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Actinide Proc Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pit Disposit Sci & Technol, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bluhm, EA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Actinide Proc Chem, E511, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebluhm@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 281 EP 296 DI 10.1081/SS-200042232 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000018 ER PT J AU Love, AH Hanna, ML Reynolds, JG AF Love, AH Hanna, ML Reynolds, JG TI Engineering surface functional groups on silica aerogel for enhanced cleanup of organics from produced water SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID HYDROPHOBIC AEROGELS; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; NORTH-SEA; REMOVAL; IONIZATION; COMPONENTS AB Engineering the surface functional groups of silica aerogels has resulted in greatly enhanced separation capabilities. This approach is used to design a material that is effective at reducing the dissolved organic components of produced water. This study reports the initial results of removing dissolved hydrophobic organics using a hydrophobic (CH2CH2CF3) surface group on the silica aerogel. The 30% by weight formulation CF3-acrogel was able to adsorb dissolved organic species with log K-ow > 2.0, with adsorption affinity increasing with increasing log K-ow. Seawater salinities did not have a large effect on the adsorption of aromatic compounds. Most dissolved aromatics and organic acids with the same log K-ow that were tested had differing affinities for the CF3-aerogel, with the aromatics affinity being greater. These results show the utility of modifying the aerogel surface hydrophobicity for absorbing hydrophobic dissolved organic compounds. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Love, AH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1081/SS-200042242 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000020 ER PT J AU Aaron, D Tsouris, C AF Aaron, D Tsouris, C TI Separation of CO2 from flue gas: A review SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM; REMOVAL; MEMBRANES; CAPTURE; PHASE; CYCLE AB As a result of human activity, approximately 7 Gt of carbon are emitted to the earth's atmosphere each year. A large portion of this carbon is in the form of gaseous CO2, and approximately 30% of this CO2 Comes from fossil fuel power plants. In addition to rising levels of atmospheric CO2, the earth's temperature is increasing. Since CO2 can act as a trap for heat (similar to the glass in a greenhouse), reduction of CO2 emissions is an important area of research. Separation and sequestration of CO2 are near-term goals for emissions reduction. Better fuel efficiency (in power production, transportation, and other areas) can be considered a mid-term goal. An acceptable long-term goal for reducing emissions is using alternate power sources such as nuclear, solar, and wind power. Because separation and sequestration are short-term goals, they are critical and challenging steps for researchers. Methods that are reviewed in this paper include absorption using solvents or solid sorbents, pressure- and temperature-swing adsorption using various solid sorbents, cryogenic distillation, membranes, and several novel and emerging technologies. Upon completion of this review, it was concluded that the most promising current method for CO2 separation is liquid absorption using monoethanolamine (MEA). While this method is currently most promising, the development of ceramic and metallic membranes for membrane diffusion should produce membranes significantly more efficient at separation than liquid absorption. The other methods investigated in this report are either too new for comparison or appear unlikely to experience significant changes to make them desirable for implementation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tsourisc@ornl.gov RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 28 TC 605 Z9 628 U1 56 U2 452 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 321 EP 348 DI 10.1081/SS-200042244 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000021 ER PT J AU Dietz, ML Yaeger, J Sajdak, LR Jensen, MP AF Dietz, ML Yaeger, J Sajdak, LR Jensen, MP TI Characterization of an improved extraction chromatographic material for the separation and preconcentration of strontium from acidic media SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; EXAFS INVESTIGATIONS; NUCLEAR-WASTE; CROWN-ETHER; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SR-90; LIQUID; RESINS; CATIONS AB The determination of radiostrontium in biological and environmental samples generally requires its preliminary separation and preconcentration, both to remove radionuclides that may interfere with subsequent beta-counting and to free it from the large quantities of inactive substances present (e.g., calcium). Extraction chromatography employing an inert support impregnated with a solution of a crown ether in an oxygenated, aliphatic solvent (e.g., 1-octanol) has previously been demonstrated to provide a simple and effective method for the isolation of strontium from a variety of samples for subsequent determination. In this work, it is shown that a chromatographic resin capable of retaining strontium efficiently and selectively from acidic media can be prepared simply by dispersing a crown ether alone on an appropriate support. This "solventless" resin is demonstrated to offer several advantages over its conventional analog, in particular, good physical stability, higher capacity, and improved metal ion retention. In addition, extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements are shown to provide insight into the coordination environment of metal ions sorbed by the resin. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dietz, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 349 EP 366 DI 10.1081/SS-200042247 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000022 ER PT J AU Riahi-Nezhad, CK Tsouris, C DePaoli, DW de Almeida, VF AF Riahi-Nezhad, CK Tsouris, C DePaoli, DW de Almeida, VF TI Removal of micron-size droplets from an air stream by means of electric fields SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB In many tank retrieval and waste treatment operations conducted for the U.S. Department of Energy, small droplets of aqueous solutions containing radioactive materials are formed in air streams. These droplets need to be separated before the air is released to the environment. The use of an electric field to separate water droplets from an air stream has been investigated. A test chamber of 10 x 10 cm cross-section and approximately 94 cm long mounted vertically was set up without packing, with two parallel-plate steel electrodes facing each other at a distance of 8 cm. An air stream containing water droplets formed by ultrasonic humidifiers was forced through the chamber. A laser-light-scattering particle-sizing system was used to measure the droplet size distribution. The droplet removal efficiency increased approximately linearly with electric field strength over the range investigated except when the field was raised to 3.0 to 3.50 kV/cm, suggesting a saturation effect. The analysis showed that the removal efficiency is a function of the initial droplet concentration. For instance, for a droplet concentration of 24.2 g/m(3), the maximum removal efficiency was approximately 85%, while that for a concentration of 8.3 g/m(3) was 65% under the same experimental conditions. Droplet size measurements revealed that the average size of droplets did not change significantly with voltage; however, the number distribution of drops did change. Appreciable changes in the number of droplets were observed for droplet sizes in a typical range of 4 to 10 mum. The results of this research may be useful in developing effective applications of electric fields for the elimination of mist from air or gaseous streams. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tsourisc@ornl.gov RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1081/SS-200042463 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000023 ER PT J AU King, WD Spencer, WA Hamm, LL Aleman, SE Duffey, CE Pettis, MA AF King, WD Spencer, WA Hamm, LL Aleman, SE Duffey, CE Pettis, MA TI Column performance testing of SuperLig (R) 639 resin with simulated hanford waste supernates: Identification of the primary sorbing species and detailed characterization of their desorption profiles SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID PERTECHNETATE ION; REMOVAL AB Several benchscale column tests (resin bed volume less than or equal to75mL) have been conducted with SuperLig((R)) 639 resin and simulated U.S. Department of Energy tank waste supernates. Rhenium (surrogate for technetium in actual waste samples) breakthrough profiles were determined for three simulant compositions, which are representative of the basic waste categories requiring treatment in the Hanford River Protection Project Waste Treatment Plant. Considerable loading performance variability was observed between the three waste types, although the resin is effective at rhenium. removal from each solution. Careful and frequent analysis during elution studies conducted at the conclusion of the column loading tests confirmed that sodium nitrate and sodium perrhenate ion pairs are primary sorbing species on SuperLig((R)) 639 resin. Furthermore, it was discovered that potassium nitrate and potassium perrhenate salts are significant competitors for sorption sites on the resin. Successive desorption profiles were identified for all four salt species during elution tests. Integration of the desorption profiles revealed that the resin is selective for removal of the potassium salts over the sodium salts. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP King, WD (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM william02.king@srs.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1081/SS-200042472 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000024 ER PT J AU Stone, M Orme, C Peterson, E Benson, M Kaszuba, J Mroz, E Haga, M AF Stone, M Orme, C Peterson, E Benson, M Kaszuba, J Mroz, E Haga, M TI Gas permeation testing results from the mixed waste focus area improved hydrogen getter program SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID PHOSPHAZENE POLYMER MEMBRANES AB The gas permeabilities of more than 20 polymers were measured using pure and mixed gas techniques. The motivation was to determine potential materials that could be used to protect hydrogen getter particles from poisons while permitting sufficient hydrogen rates to enable the getters use in TRUPACT types of containers. A rate of five barrers or larger is needed. Of the materials screened in the pure gas tests, more than 15 qualified. Nine materials qualified in the mixed gas tests, but of the nine only three had high CCl4 rejection rates and four others would greatly reduce the transport of the CCl4. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Stone, M (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Benson, Michael/B-8855-2017; Peterson, Eric/B-9127-2017 OI Benson, Michael/0000-0003-4927-614X; Peterson, Eric/0000-0002-2292-4939 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1081/SS-200042486 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000027 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT Taylor, PA Walker, JF Jones, SA Cummins, RL Richardson, SA AF Klasson, KT Taylor, PA Walker, JF Jones, SA Cummins, RL Richardson, SA TI Modification of a centrifugal separator for in-well oil-water separation SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID CONTACTOR AB A liquid-liquid centrifugal separator has been modified for possible application as a downhole method for separating crude oil from produced water. Centrifugal separators of various sizes (from 2- to 25-cm rotor diameter) have been built and operated over the past decades at various U.S. Department of Energy facilities. These units have several characteristics that make them attractive for downhole applications, including excellent phase separation, reliability in remote applications with >20,000 h of operation prior to maintenance, and the ability to handle high volumetric throughput with a very low residence time. These separators consist of a rotating cylinder in which the two phases are separated and a stationary housing that collects the separated streams. This paper discusses some of the aspects of the alterations required for downhole operation. Specifically, we discuss modifications of the exterior housing allowing for greater flow through the system. The system presented here improves the performance of a standard separator by 140%. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1081/SS-200042503 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000029 ER PT J AU Adu-Wusu, K Hassan, NM AF Adu-Wusu, K Hassan, NM TI Evaluating the effects of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and normal paraffin hydrocarbon (NPH) in simulated low-activity waste solution on ion exchange SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB Ultrafiltration and ion exchange are among the pretreatment processes selected for the Waste Treatment Plant at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Envelope B AZ-101 waste may contain tributyl phosphate (TBP) and normal paraffin hydrocarbon (NPH)-dodecane, as dissolved species and also as a separate phase. This study is the second part of a two-part study on Evaluating the Effects of TBP and NPH (dodecane) in Simulated Low-Activity Waste Solution on Ultrafiltration and Ion Exchange. The first study dealt with ultrafiltration. The second part involved using filtrates from the ultrafiltration work to perform resin sorption experiments using SuperLig((R)) 644 and SuperLig((R)) 639 resins. SuperLig((R)) 644 resin has a high selectivity for cesium, while SuperLig((R)) 639 resin is highly selective for rhenium as perrhenate (the surrogate for pertechnetate). What is unknown is the effect the organics may have on these resins' high-sorption capacities for cesium and rhenium. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the resins to remove cesium and rhenium from AZ-101 simulant containing organics by comparing to the baseline case (i.e., AZ-101 simulant containing no organics) using both batch contact and small-scale column tests. The batch contact work demonstrated there is no statistically significant effect of organics (TBP, dodecane, and their degradation products) on cesium and rhenium sorption by SuperLig((R)) 644 and SuperLig((R)) 639 resins, respectively, from AZ-101 simulant solution. Both the cesium and rhenium column breakthrough/elution profile curves for simulants with and without organics were virtually identical, which is an indication of a no-organics effect. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Adu-Wusu, K (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, 773-42A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM kofi.adu-wusu@srs.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 463 EP 482 DI 10.1081/SS-200042506 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000030 ER PT J AU Marshall, SL Blencoe, JG AF Marshall, SL Blencoe, JG TI Equilibrium analysis of thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID WATER AB Thermochemical cycles for production of hydrogen from water can be constructed by appropriate combination of hydrogen- and oxygen-producing reactions carried out at different temperatures. While hundreds of specific reaction schemes are possible, the individual reactions can be regarded as belonging to relatively few general types. On the basis of published thermochemical. data, we describe a procedure whereby an equilibrium analysis of these reaction types can be carried out systematically for a large number of specific sets of reactants. This provides quantitative criteria for assessing the inherent thermodynamic viability of possible reaction cycles, which may be of use when coupled with the more practical considerations that have traditionally formed the basis for the design of thermochemical hydrogen-production schemes. Results of applying this thermodynamic screening process systematically to hydrogen production reactions involving a large number of metal-metal oxide and metal-metal oxide-carbon systems show that polythermal reaction schemes involving the latter systems are highly efficient in generating hydrogen from coal, in comparison with usual coal gasification processes. C1 Electrochem Syst Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Marshall, SL (reprint author), Electrochem Syst Inc, 102 Midland Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Marshall, Simon/E-9518-2010 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 483 EP 505 DI 10.1081/SS-200042508 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000031 ER PT J AU Baltus, RE Counce, RM Culbertson, BH Luo, HM DePaoli, DW Dai, S Duckworth, DC AF Baltus, RE Counce, RM Culbertson, BH Luo, HM DePaoli, DW Dai, S Duckworth, DC TI Examination of the potential of ionic liquids for gas separations SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; MEMBRANES; SOLVENTS AB Ionic liquids have received increasing interest in recent years for "green" synthesis and separations because they have essentially no vapor pressure. We have begun an investigation of the potential of ionic liquids for gas separations, including the removal of carbon dioxide from stack gas generated in coal-fired power plants. In this paper, we report results from measurements of the permeance of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in supported ionic liquid membranes. Preliminary results for a porous alumina membrane saturated with 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis[trifluoromethylsulfonyl] amide yielded a CO2:N-2 selectivity of 127. Using previously reported measurements of CO2 solubility in ionic liquids (1) and the measured membrane transport characteristics, a preliminary economic analysis of a separation process based on supported ionic liquid membranes has been performed. A comparison of cost estimates for this membrane-based separation to cost estimates reported for carbon dioxide removal using a conventional amine scrubbing operation shows that, with continued technology development, an ionic liquid membrane process may potentially be economically competitive with amine scrubbing. A preliminary cost estimate for an ionic liquid scrubber indicates that an ionic liquid absorption process shows less favorable economics than a supported ionic liquid membrane or an amine scrubber. However, results indicate that a more comprehensive technical and economic assessment is warranted. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Baltus, RE (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM baltus@clarkson.edu RI Duckworth, Douglas/B-7171-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Duckworth, Douglas/0000-0002-8161-5685; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 23 TC 150 Z9 156 U1 5 U2 72 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 525 EP 541 DI 10.1081/SS-200042513 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000033 ER PT J AU Spencer, BB Collins, JL Hunt, RD AF Spencer, BB Collins, JL Hunt, RD TI Effects of sodium hydroxide and a chelating agent on the removal of aluminum from radioactive sludge SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv AB An essential step during the remediation of nuclear waste by the U.S. Department of Energy involves the separation of nonradioactive components such as aluminum from high-level waste sludges to minimize the ultimate volume to be stored in a nuclear waste repository. Plans for waste treatment at Hanford and the Savannah River Site include the use of 1 to 3m sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at an elevated temperature to leach the aluminum from the sludge. Triethanolamine (TEA) was added to caustic leaching solutions in an effort to improve the solubility of aluminum from authentic tank-waste sludge. High-level radioactive waste sludge with significant amounts of gibbsite and hard-to-dissolve boehmite phases was used in these tests. In concept, a chelating agent such as TEA can both improve the dissolution rate and increase the aluminum concentration in the liquid phase. However, TEA could also increase the solubility of other sludge components that are potentially problematic to downstream processing. Six tests were performed with leachate concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3.0m NaOH, 0 to 3.0 m TEA, and 0 to 2.9 m NaNO3. One test was performed using 3.0 m NaOH at 80degreesC in order to simulate the baseline process, while the other tests were performed at 60degreesC. As expected, more aluminum entered the solution at 80degreesC than at 60degreesC when other test conditions were held constant. With caustic alone, equilibrium was achieved at both temperatures within 10 days. The addition of TEA significantly increased the concentration of aluminum in the leachate, and the aluminum concentration continued to increase even after 11 days of processing. The fraction of aluminum dissolved at 60degreesC increased from 35% using 3.0m NaOH alone to 87% using a combination of 3.0m NaOH and 3.9m TEA. The high-nitrate, low-hydroxide solutions did not significantly dissolve the aluminum because aluminate ion could not be produced. A small addition of TEA to these low-caustic solutions had no effect on aluminum removal. The use of TEA also increased the solubility of copper, nickel, and iron, which are only minor constituents. The TEA also had a significant effect on the solubility of the radionuclides Cs-137 and Co-60. The significant presence of Cs-137 in the leachates; was expected with and without TEA. The high-nitrate leaches, which were the least effective of the leaching solutions, removed 69% of the Cs-137 from the washed sludge, while a combination of 3.0m NaOH and 3.0m TEA removed 96%. Very little Co-60 was removed from the sludge except with the use of the 3.0m NaOH-3.0m TEA solution, which removed 53%. These results indicate that only TEA and Co-60 need to be examined for potential chemical and radiological impacts, respectively, on downstream processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spencer, BB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spencerbb@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 543 EP 569 DI 10.1081/SS-200042515 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000034 ER PT J AU McFarlane, J AF McFarlane, J TI Application of chemometrics to modeling produced water contamination SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; PLS AB A partial least-squares statistical model was prepared to describe the contamination of produced water by soluble organic compounds. The model incorporated predictor variables used in earlier characterization studies: pH, temperature, pressure, salinity, water-to-oil ratio, and origin of the crude. Response variables included total extractable material and concentrations of aliphatic, aromatic, and polar organic molecules. The model was used to predict the uptake of water-soluble organics under a variety of conditions. The model will be applied to the prediction of hydrocarbon contamination of water produced in offshore drilling. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP McFarlane, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Bldg 4500N,MS6181, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM mcfarlanej@ornl.gov RI McFarlane, Joanna/C-5998-2016 OI McFarlane, Joanna/0000-0002-4112-5104 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 593 EP 609 DI 10.1081/SS-200042524 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000036 ER PT J AU Sportsman, KS Bluhm, EA Abney, KD AF Sportsman, KS Bluhm, EA Abney, KD TI Removal of actinides from acidic solution via carrier-mediated facilitated transport across mesoporous substrates with nanoengineered surfaces: Thiol self-assembled monolayers with D(tBu)Phi D(iBu)CMPO ligands SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gathinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID GOLD NANOTUBULE MEMBRANES; SUPPORTED LIQUID MEMBRANES; POROUS ALUMINA MEMBRANES; ELECTROLESS GOLD; NUCLEAR-WASTES; ION-TRANSPORT; POLYCARBONATE; SEPARATIONS; DIFFUSION; LANTHANIDES AB The surface engineering of polycarbonate track-etched (PCTE) membranes was performed to create a permselective membrane for the removal of trace levels of fission products and transuranic metals from acidic streams. Electroless gold deposition was used to place a gold coating on the PCTE substrates. The gold coating was subsequently functionalized through the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of dodecanethiol, which was further functionalized with di-(4-t-butylphenyl)-N, N-diisobutylearbamoylmethylphosphine oxide. Transport characteristics of metal ions, Cs-137, Sr-85, Am-241, and Pu-239, were obtained using a two-compartment diffusion apparatus. Transport studies showed that the functionalized membranes enhance the transport rates of Am-241. and Pu-239 and inhibit the transport of Cs-137 and Sr-85. Diffusion studies over an extended time revealed that the facilitated transport characteristics of Pu-239 through the ligand-coated membranes are dependent on nitrate anion concentrations in the feed and sink cells. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sportsman, KS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Mail Stop E511, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sport@lanl.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 709 EP 723 DI 10.1081/SS-200042676 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000043 ER PT J AU Kang, HA Engle, NL Bonnesen, PV Delmau, LH Haverlock, TJ Moyer, BA AF Kang, HA Engle, NL Bonnesen, PV Delmau, LH Haverlock, TJ Moyer, BA TI An equilibrium model of pseudo-hydroxide extraction in the separation of sodium hydroxide from aqueous solutions using lipophilic fluorinated alcohols and phenols SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat Div, Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, Separat Sci & Technol Subdiv ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; ACIDS; 1-OCTANOL; SYSTEMS; WATER AB So-called pseudo-hydroxide extraction has been proposed as a method for separating alkali metal hydroxide from alkaline salt solutions by use of weak-acid cation exchangers such as lipophilic phenols or fluorinated alcohols. Under extraction conditions, these lipophilic weak acids (HAs) are converted to their salt forms when dissolved in a suitable water-immiscible polar diluent like 1-octanol. Upon contact with water, the loaded solvents release alkali metal hydroxide to the aqueous phase by hydrolysis, thereby regenerating the extractant. This type of cycle has been demonstrated in previous work, wherein it was shown that bulk concentrations of sodium hydroxide could be selectively separated from alkaline high-level waste simulants. In the present work, it has been the aim to identify the controlling equilibria and predominant species involved in the extraction process within the framework of a thermochemical model. Using 1-octanol as the diluent, distribution ratios for sodium (D-Na) extraction were measured as a function of organic-phase HA and aqueous-phase NaOH motarity at 25degreesC. The tested weak acids, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (HA-1) and 1-trifluoromethyl-2-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)ethanot (HA-2), significantly enhanced the extraction of NaOH over the minor amount that is extracted by 1-octanol alone. The extraction efficiency of HA-1 was approximately 10-fold higher than that of HA-2. By use of the equilibrium modeling program SXLSQI, it was shown that a simple model is sufficient to quantitatively explain the observed extraction behavior based upon (a) ion-pair extraction to give Na+OH- ion pairs and corresponding free ions in 1-octanol and (b) cation exchange by monomeric HA molecules to form monomeric organic-phase Na(+)A(-) ion pairs and corresponding free organic-phase ions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM moyerba@ornl.gov RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016; OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277; Engle, Nancy/0000-0003-0290-7987 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 725 EP 738 DI 10.1081/SS-200042684 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 899LD UT WOS:000227145000044 ER PT J AU Reed, WA Garnov, AY Rao, LF AF Reed, WA Garnov, AY Rao, LF TI Oxidative alkaline leaching of americium from simulated high-level nuclear waste Sludges SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE americum; high-level nuclear waste; oxidative leaching ID TANK WASTE; SOLUBILITY AB Oxidative alkaline leaching has been proposed to pretreat the high-level nuclear waste sludges to remove some of the problematic (e.g., Cr) and/or nonradioactive (e.g., Na, Al) constituents before vitrification. It is critical to understand the behavior of actinides, americium and plutonium in particular, in oxidative alkaline leaching. We have studied the leaching behavior of americium from four different sludge simulants (BiPO4, BiPO4 (modified), Redox, PUREX) using potassium permanganate and potassium persulfate in alkaline solutions. Up to 60% of americium sorbed onto the simulants is leached from the sludges by alkaline persulfate and permanganate. The percentage of americium leached increases with [NaOH] (between 1.0 and 5.0 M). The initial rate of americium leaching by potassium persulfate increases in the order BiPO4 sludge < Redox sludge < PUREX sludge. The data are most consistent with oxidation of Am3+ in the sludge to either AmO2+ or AMO(2)(2+) in solution. Though neither of these species is expected to exhibit long-term stability in solution, the potential for mobilization of americium from sludge samples would have to be accommodated in the design of any oxidative leaching process for real sludge samples. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lrao@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1046 DI 10.1081/SS-200049860 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 917HG UT WOS:000228451100005 ER PT J AU McFarlane, J Ridenour, WB Luo, H Hunt, RD DePaoli, DW Ren, RX AF McFarlane, J Ridenour, WB Luo, H Hunt, RD DePaoli, DW Ren, RX TI Room temperature ionic liquids for separating organics from produced water SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE produced water; ionic liquids; liquid phase separation; water-soluble organics ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; AQUEOUS BIPHASIC SYSTEMS; CROWN-ETHERS; METAL-IONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; INFINITE DILUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MOLTEN-SALTS AB The distribution of polar organic compounds typical of water contaminants (organic acids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds) associated with oil and gas production was measured between water and nine hydrophobic, room-temperature ionic liquids. The ionic liquids used in this study were 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, 1-butyl-l-methyl-pyrrolidinium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, tributyltetradecylphosphonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium methanesulfonate. Sensitivity of the distribution coefficients to salinity, temperature, concentration, and pH was investigated. Partitioning into the ionic liquid varied considerably. Acetic acid did not significantly partition into the ionic liquid phase, except for the sulfonate-anion ionic liquids. The solubility of hexanoic acid in the ionic liquids was significant, where uptake of the protonated form from aqueous solution was observed for all of the ionic liquids studied. Other organics also showed high distribution coefficients, up to several hundred in the case of toluene and 1-nonanol. The distribution coefficients for toluene, 1-nonanol, cyclohexanone, and hexanoic acid were independent of ionic liquid-to-water ratio over the range from 0.02 to 1.0. The ionic liquids showed a large capacity for some organics, with solubilities measured above 100 g (.) L-1. Regeneration of the ionic liquids by rinsing and heating was studied, with mixed success. These experiments show that certain hydrophobic ionic liquids do have an affinity for organic contaminants in aqueous solution. However, practical application of the ionic liquids tested for detection or removal of selected water-soluble organics from the aqueous waste streams appears to be limited by the small, but significant, solubility of the ionic liquids in the aqueous phase and by difficulty in solvent regeneration. Further work aimed at determination of ionic liquids that dissolve target compounds and are nonhazardous and less soluble in aqueous solutions is recommended. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Chem, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. RP McFarlane, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcfarlanej@ornl.gov RI McFarlane, Joanna/C-5998-2016 OI McFarlane, Joanna/0000-0002-4112-5104 NR 60 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 112 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 EI 1520-5754 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1245 EP 1265 DI 10.1081/SS-200052807 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 920DG UT WOS:000228669000005 ER PT J AU Nash, KL Borkowski, M Hancock, M Laszak, I AF Nash, KL Borkowski, M Hancock, M Laszak, I TI Oxidative leaching of plutonium from simulated Hanford tank-waste sludges SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxidative leaching; tank waste sludge simulants; plutonium; organic chelating agents AB The behavior of surface-sorbed plutonium during leaching of four Hanford tank waste sludge simulants with alkaline permanganate solutions has been investigated. The sludge simulants are representative of materials created as a result of the operation of the Bismuth Phosphate (sludges B and M), PUREX (sludge P), and REDOX (sludge R) processes at Hanford. Leaching with oxidants under alkaline conditions has been proposed as a means of reducing the chromium content of actual sludge samples prior to their vitrification. With identical amounts of plutonium deposited on each sludge sample, the percentage of radiotracer Pu leached from the sludges increased in the order P >= R > B. This order is the reverse of the chromium content of the sludges. The percentage of plutonium leached was independent of its initial oxidation state. The reverse trends of chromium content and plutonium leaching can be understood in terms of Pu re-adsorption onto the MnO2 generated as Cr(III) (and other substrates) are oxidized by permanganate/manganate. The effect of chelating agents that are known to be present in tank wastes (EDTA, gluconate, glycolate, oxalate, and citrate) on KMnO4 reduction/MnO2 production and redeposition of plutonium was also studied and found to have varied effects on the process of oxidative dissolution/Pu redeposition. Overall, it appears that the MnO2 produced as a byproduct of oxidation helps to control Pu concentrations in the leachate phase. Oxidation of Pu to the hexavalent state without concomitant production of MnO2 leads to greater plutonium content in the leachate. The results are discussed, emphasizing the potential impact of oxidative leaching on plutonium mobilization from actual tank-waste sludge. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 644630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM knash@wsu.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1497 EP 1512 DI 10.1081/SS-200055942 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 933EQ UT WOS:000229612100008 ER PT J AU Hunt, RD Collins, JL Adu-Wusu, K Crowder, ML Hobbs, DT Nash, CA AF Hunt, RD Collins, JL Adu-Wusu, K Crowder, ML Hobbs, DT Nash, CA TI Monosodium titanate in hydrous titanium oxide spheres for the removal of strontium and key actinides from salt solutions at the Savannah River site SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE strontium removal; monosodium titanate; hydrous titanium oxide spheres; nuclear waste remediation AB Fine powders of monosodium titanate effectively remove strontium and Plutonium from alkaline salt supernatant. At the Savannah River Site, larger, porous particles with monosodium, titanate were desired for continuous column operations. The internal gelation process was used to make hydrous titanium oxide microspheres with 32 and 50 wt% monosodium titanate. With actual supernatant, the microspheres with 50 wt% monosodium titanate produced average batch distribution coefficients of 35,000 mL/g for plutonium and 99,000 mL/g for strontium. These microspheres were tested using a simulant and a flow rate of 5.3 bed volumes per hour. The plutonium removal dropped front 99% to 94% while the strontium removal remained nearly 100%. The microspheres exhibited good flow performance and no particle degradation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Hunt, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM huntrd@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 14 BP 2933 EP 2946 DI 10.1080/01496390500333210 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 994RR UT WOS:000234049400008 ER PT J AU Hobbs, DT Barnes, MJ Pulmano, RL Marshall, KM Edwards, TB Bronikowski, MG Fink, SD AF Hobbs, DT Barnes, MJ Pulmano, RL Marshall, KM Edwards, TB Bronikowski, MG Fink, SD TI Strontium and actinide separations from high level nuclear waste solutions using monosodium titanate 1. Simulant testing SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sorption; ion exchange; strontium; plutonium; neptunium; uranium ID URANIUM; SOLUBILITY; PLUTONIUM AB High-level nuclear waste produced from fuel reprocessing operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) requires pretreatment to remove Cs-137, Sr-90, and alpha-emitting radionuclides (i.e., actinides) prior to disposal. Separation processes planned at SRS include caustic side solvent extraction, for Cs-137 removal, and ion exchange/sorption of Sr-90 and alpha-emitting radionuclides with an inorganic material, monosodium titanate (MST). The predominant alpha-emitting radionuclides in the highly alkaline waste solutions include plutonium isotopes Pu-238, Pu-239, and Pu-240. This paper provides a summary of data acquired to measure the performance of MST to remove strontium and actinides from simulated waste solutions. These tests evaluated the influence of ionic strength, temperature, solution composition, and the oxidation state of plutonium. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hobbs, DT (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM david.hobbs@srnl.doe.gov NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 15 BP 3093 EP 3111 DI 10.1080/01496390500385129 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 997JV UT WOS:000234242400005 ER PT J AU Foust, H Holton, L Demick, L AF Foust, H Holton, L Demick, L TI Maximizing production capacity from an ultrafiltration process at the hanford department of energy waste treatment facility SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mixed waste; process optimization; optimal endpoint solids concentration; ultrafiltration; optimal design ID DIAFILTRATION AB The Department of Energy has contracted Bechtel National, Inc. to design, construct, and commission a Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) to treat radioactive slurry currently stored in underground waste storage tanks. A critical element of the waste treatment capacity for the WTP is the proper operation of an ultrafiltration process (UFP). The UFP separates supernate solution from radioactive solids. The solution and solid phases are separately immobilized. An oversight review of the UFP design and operation has identified several methods to improve the capacity of the ultrafiltration process, which will also improve the capacity of the WTP. Areas explored were the basis of design, an analysis of the WTP capacity, process chemistry within the UFP, and UFP process control. This article discusses some of the findings of this oversight review in terms of sodium and solid production, which supports the treatment of low activity waste (LAW) associated with the facility, and solid production, which supports the treatment of high level waste (HLW) associated with the facility. C1 Nicholls State Univ, Dept Appl Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Foust, H (reprint author), Nicholls State Univ, Dept Appl Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. EM henry.foust@nichols.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 16 BP 3323 EP 3337 DI 10.1080/01496390500423698 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 997KA UT WOS:000234242900006 ER PT S AU Drugan, OV Dionysiou, I Bakken, DE Plagemann, TP Hauser, CH Frincke, DA AF Drugan, OV Dionysiou, I Bakken, DE Plagemann, TP Hauser, CH Frincke, DA BE Malek, M Nett, E Suri, N TI On the importance of composability of ad hoc mobile middleware and trust management SO SERVICE AVAILABILITY SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Service Availability Symposium (ISAS 2005) CY APR 25-26, 2005 CL Berlin, GERMANY ID NETWORKS; SERVICES AB Distributed computing is widely expected to become ubiquitous over the next decade. Distributed services such as those provided by Service Oriented Architectures which will support this ubiquity must meet many requirements at both runtime and over their lifecycle. Composability is one key requirement for such services. In this paper we provide refined definitions of composability as it applies to such distributed services, encompassing both hardware and software. We then analyze these composability issues as they apply to two middleware frameworks which support critical infrastructures. The first examines composability issues for resource management infrastructure for a framework that provides middleware services for ad hoc mobile networks designed to support emergency rescue coordination. The second investigates composability issues involved with trust management for status dissemination for the electric power grid. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Informat, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, CyberSecur Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Drugan, OV (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Informat, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM ovidiu@ifi.uio.no; idionysi@eecs.wsu.edu; dbakken@ifi.uio.no; plageman@ifi.uio.no; hauser@eecs.wsu.edu OI Drugan, Ovidiu Valentin/0000-0001-7203-0872 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29103-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3694 BP 149 EP 163 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDH01 UT WOS:000233553900013 ER PT S AU Bentz, JL Kendall, RA AF Bentz, JL Kendall, RA BE Chapman, BM TI Parallelization of general matrix multiply routines using OpenMP SO SHARED MEMORY PARALLEL PROGRAMMING WITH OPENMP SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on OpenMP Applications and Tools (WOMPAT 2004) CY MAY 17-18, 2004 CL Univ Houston, Houston, TX SP OpenMP Architecture Review Board, OpenMP Users Grp cOMPunity, Intel Corp, Portland Grp, Texas Learning & Computat Ctr, Univ Houston HO Univ Houston ID LINEAR ALGEBRA SUBPROGRAMS; EXTENDED SET; IMPLEMENTATION AB An application programmer interface (API) is developed to facilitate, via OpenMP, the parallelization of the double precision general matrix multiply routine called from within GAMESS [1] during the execution of the coupled-cluster module for calculating physical properties of molecules. Results are reported using the ATLAS library and the Intel MKL on an Intel machine, and using the ESSL and the ATLAS library on an IBM SP. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, US DOE, Ames Lab,Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bentz, JL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, US DOE, Ames Lab,Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24560-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3349 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/1-84628-045-1_1 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCB82 UT WOS:000228549100001 ER PT J AU Rutherford, AC Inman, DJ Park, G Hemez, FM AF Rutherford, AC Inman, DJ Park, G Hemez, FM TI Use of response surface metamodels for identification of stiffness and damping coefficients in a simple dynamic system SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE system parameter identification; response surface metamodel; damping; damage identification AB Metamodels have been used with success in many areas of engineering for decades but only recently in the field of structural dynamics. A metamodel is a fast running surrogate that is typically used to aid an analyst or test engineer in the fast and efficient exploration of the design space. Response surface metamodels are used in this work to perform parameter identification of a simple five degree of freedom system, motivated by their low training requirements and ease of use. In structural dynamics applications, response surface metamodels have been utilized in a forward sense, for activities such as sensitivity analysis or uncertainty quantification. In this study a polynomial response surface model is developed, relating system parameters to measurable output features. Once this relationship is established, the response surface is used in an inverse sense to identify system parameters from measured output features. A design of experiments is utilized to choose points, representing a fraction of the full design space of interest, for fitting the response surface metamodel. Two parameters commonly used to characterize damage in a structural system, stiffness and damping, are identified. First changes are identified and located with success in a linear 5DOF system. Then parameter identification is attempted with a nonlinear 5DOF system and limited success is achieved. This work will demonstrate that use of response surface metamodels in an inverse sense shows promise for use in system parameter identification for both linear and weakly nonlinear systems and that the method has potential for use in damage identification applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA WR, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Rutherford, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA WR, M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mandyr@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 BP 317 EP 331 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 981MI UT WOS:000233092300001 ER PT J AU Wait, JR Park, GH Farrar, CR AF Wait, JR Park, GH Farrar, CR TI Integrated structural health assessment using piezoelectric active sensors SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID PIEZO-TRANSDUCERS; IDENTIFICATION; SIGNATURES; DIAGNOSIS AB This paper illustrates an integrated approach for identifying structural damage. The method presented utilizes piezoelectric (PZT) materials to actuate/sense the dynamic response of the structures. Two damage identification techniques are integrated in this study, including impedance methods and Lamb wave propagations. The impedance method monitors the variations in structural mechanical impedance, which is coupled with the electrical impedance of the PZT patch. In Lamb wave propagations, one PZT patch acting as an actuator launches an elastic wave through the structure, and responses are measured by an array of PZT sensors. The changes in both wave attenuation and reflection are used to detect and locate the damage. Both the Lamb wave and impedance methods operate in high frequency ranges at which there are measurable changes in structural responses even for incipient damage such as small cracks, debonding, or loose connections. The combination of the local impedance method with the wave propagation based approach allows a better characterization of the system's structural integrity. The paper concludes with experimental results to demonstrate the feasibility of this integrated active sensing technology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Weapon Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, GH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Weapon Response Grp, Mail Stop T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 BP 389 EP 405 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 998XO UT WOS:000234353400001 ER PT J AU Lopez, V Boyland, P Heath, MT Moser, RD AF Lopez, V Boyland, P Heath, MT Moser, RD TI Relative periodic solutions of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE relative periodic solutions; Ginzburg-Landau equation; spectral-Galerkin method; chaotic pattern dynamics ID CYCLE EXPANSIONS; GALERKIN METHOD; BIFURCATIONS; SYSTEMS; CHAOS; SYMMETRY; ORBITS; CONVERGENCE; ATTRACTORS; REGULARITY AB A method of finding relative periodic orbits for differential equations with continuous symmetries is described and its utility demonstrated by computing relative periodic solutions for the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg - Landau equation (CGLE) with periodic boundary conditions. A relative periodic solution is a solution that is periodic in time, up to a transformation by an element of the equation's symmetry group. With the method used, relative periodic solutions are represented by a space-time Fourier series modified to include the symmetry group element and are sought as solutions to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations for the Fourier coefficients, group element, and time period. The 77 relative periodic solutions found for the CGLE exhibit a wide variety of temporal dynamics, with the sum of their positive Lyapunov exponents varying from 5.19 to 60.35 and their unstable dimensions from 3 to 8. Preliminary work indicates that weighted averages over the collection of relative periodic solutions accurately approximate the value of several functionals on typical trajectories. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Math, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lopez, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 50F1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vlopez@hpcrd.lbl.gov; boyland@math.ufl.edu; heath@cs.uiuc.edu; rmoser@mail.utexas.edu NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1075 DI 10.1137/040618977 PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 000NZ UT WOS:000234470300009 ER PT J AU Camassa, R Findikoglu, A Lythe, G AF Camassa, R Findikoglu, A Lythe, G TI Transmission, reflection, and second-harmonic generation in a nonlinear waveguide SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE transmission and reflection; tunable nonlinearity; finite length nonlinear medium; second harmonic; differential capacitance; boundaries; method of characteristics; noise; numerical solution ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC NONLINEARITY; MICROSTRIP FILTERS; PHASE SHIFTERS; SRTIO3; FERROELECTRICS; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODES; DEVICES AB We present an experimental, analytical, and numerical investigation of the passage of electromagnetic signals through a device with voltage-dependent differential capacitance. This dependence gives rise to the device's nonlinear response, which can then be tuned by an externally applied static electric field. The system is modeled with a wave equation for the current and the charge density with continuity conditions at the boundaries between two linear regions and the nonlinear medium they sandwich. We derive asymptotic formulae for transmission and reflection coefficients of a monochromatic signal and its nonlinearity-induced second harmonics. Predictions based on this analysis are then compared with numerical and experimental results, across a range of parameter values, including those tuning the nonlinearity by means of an imposed voltage. The experiments are carried out at microwave frequencies using 1cm(2) devices consisting of a superconducting thin film meandering waveguide on a nonlinear dielectric substrate. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Appl Math, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM camassa@amath.unc.edu; findik@lanl.gov; grant@maths.leeds.ac.uk OI Lythe, Grant/0000-0001-7966-5571 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 EI 1095-712X J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2005 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1137/040615183 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 988FX UT WOS:000233578900001 ER PT J AU Protopopescu, V Thevenot, L AF Protopopescu, V Thevenot, L TI Diffusion approximation for linear transport with multiplying boundary conditions SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE diffusion approximation; transport equation; multiplying boundary condition; boundary layer; Milne problem; asymptotic expansion; spectral theory ID MEAN FREE PATHS; NEUTRON-TRANSPORT; OPERATOR; SEMIGROUP; EQUATIONS; MODEL AB We consider the diffusion limit of a suitably rescaled model transport equation in a slab with multiplying boundary conditions, as the scaling parameter e tends to zero. We show that, for sufficiently smooth data, the solution converges in the L-2-norm for each t > 0 to the solution of a diffusion equation with Robin boundary conditions corresponding to an incoming flux. The derivation of the diffusive limit is based on an asymptotic expansion, which is rigorously justified. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Math, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Protopopescu, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM protopopesva@ornl.gov; thevenot@descartes.univ-fcomte.fr NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2005 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1657 EP 1676 DI 10.1137/S0036139903424242 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 957GH UT WOS:000231357300010 ER PT J AU Malewicz, G AF Malewicz, G TI A work-optimal deterministic algorithm for the certified write-all problem with a nontrivial number of asynchronous processors SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC 03) CY JUL 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP ACM SIGACT, ACM SIGOPS DE design and analysis of parallel algorithms; deterministic algorithms; asynchrony; certified write-all ID EFFICIENT PARALLEL ALGORITHMS; PRAM SIMULATION; SYNCHRONIZATION; COMPUTATION; COMPLEXITY; PROGRAMS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Martel [ C. Martel, A. Park, and R. Subramonian, SIAM J. Comput., 21 ( 1992), pp. 1070 - 1099] posed a question for developing a work-optimal deterministic asynchronous algorithm for the fundamental load-balancing and synchronization problem called Certified Write-All (CWA). In this problem, introduced in a slightly different form by Kanellakis and Shvartsman in a PODC' 89 paper [ P. C. Kanellakis and A. A. Shvartsman, Distributed Computing, 5 ( 1992), pp. 201 247], p processors must update n memory cells and only then signal the completion of the updates. It is known that solutions to this problem can be used to simulate synchronous parallel programs on asynchronous systems with worst-case guarantees for the overhead of a simulation. Such simulations are interesting because they may increase productivity in parallel computing since synchronous parallel programs are easier to reason about than are asynchronous ones. This paper presents the first solution to the question of Martel, Park, and Subramonian. Specifically, we show a deterministic asynchronous algorithm for the CWA problem. Our algorithm has the work complexity of O( n + p(4) log n). This work complexity is asymptotically optimal for a nontrivial number of processors p <= ( n/ log n)(1/4). In contrast, all known deterministic algorithms require superlinear in n work when p = n(1/r) for any fixed r >= 1. Our algorithm generalizes the collision principle introduced by Buss et al. [ J. Buss, P. C. Kanellakis, P. L. Ragde, and A. A. Shvartsman, J. Algorithms, 20 ( 1996), pp. 45 - 86] in 1996, which has not been previously generalized despite various attempts. Each processor maintains a collection of intervals of {1, 2,..., n}. Any processor iteratively selects an interval and works from its tip toward the other tip until it finishes the work or collides with another processor. Collisions are detected effectively using a special Read-Modify-Write operation. In any case, the processor transforms its collection appropriately. Our analysis shows that the transformations preserve some structural properties of collections of intervals. This guarantees that work is assigned to processors in an efficient manner. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MIT, Supercomp Technol Grp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Malewicz, G (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, 116 Houser Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM greg@cs.ua.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1024 DI 10.1137/S0097539703428014 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 936BC UT WOS:000229826500012 ER PT J AU Chandrasekaran, S Dewilde, P Gu, M Pals, T Sun, X Van der Veen, AJ White, D AF Chandrasekaran, S Dewilde, P Gu, M Pals, T Sun, X Van der Veen, AJ White, D TI Some fast algorithms for sequentially semiseparable representations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE backward stability; fast direct solver; fast multipole method; integral equations; method of moments; scattering theory; semiseparable matrices; spectral methods; Moore-Penrose inverses; time-varying systems ID STRUCTURED MATRICES; PARTICLE SIMULATIONS; INVERSION; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS; EIGENDECOMPOSITION; FACTORIZATION AB An extended sequentially semiseparable (SSS) representation derived from time-varying system theory is used to capture, on the one hand, the low-rank of the off-diagonal blocks of a matrix for the purposes of efficient computations and, on the other, to provide for sufficient descriptive richness to allow for backward stability in the computations. We present (i) a fast algorithm ( linear in the number of equations) to solve least squares problems in which the coefficient matrix is in SSS form, (ii) a fast algorithm to find the SSS form of X such that AX = B, where A and B are in SSS form, and (iii) a fast model reduction technique to improve the SSS form. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chandrasekaran, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shiv@ece.ucsb.edu; p.dewilde@its.tudelft.nl; mgu@math.berkeley.edu; tim@kipling.ece.ucsb.edu; sunx@me.berkeley.edu; A.J.vanderVeen@its.tudelft.nl; dwhite@llnl.gov RI van der Veen, Alle-Jan/K-3910-2012; Gu, Min/B-6627-2008 NR 41 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 341 EP 364 DI 10.1137/S0895479802405884 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 988GB UT WOS:000233579300003 ER PT J AU Sala, M Shadid, JN Tuminaro, RS AF Sala, M Shadid, JN Tuminaro, RS TI An improved convergence bound for aggregation-based domain decomposition preconditioners SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE domain decomposition methods; aggregation preconditioners; iterative methods ID SMOOTHED AGGREGATION AB this paper we present a two-level overlapping domain decomposition preconditioner for the finite-element discretization of elliptic problems in two and three dimensions. The computational domain is partitioned into overlapping subdomains, and a coarse space correction, based on aggregation techniques, is added. Our definition of the coarse space does not require the introduction of a coarse grid. We consider a set of assumptions on the coarse basis functions to bound the condition number of the resulting preconditioned system. These assumptions involve only geometrical quantities associated with the aggregates and the subdomains. We prove that the condition number using the two-level additive Schwarz preconditioner is O(H/delta + H-0/delta), where H and H-0 are the diameters of the subdomains and the aggregates, respectively, and delta is the overlap among the subdomains and the aggregates. This extends the bounds presented in [C. Lasser and A. Toselli, Convergence of some two-level overlapping domain decomposition preconditioners with smoothed aggregation coarse spaces, in Recent Developments in Domain Decomposition Methods, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. Engrg. 23, L. Pavarino and A. Toselli, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2002, pp. 95 - 117; M. Sala, Domain Decomposition Preconditioners: Theoretical Properties, Application to the Compressible Euler Equations, Parallel Aspects, Ph.D. thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2003; M. Sala, Math. Model. Numer. Anal., 38 ( 2004), pp. 765 - 780]. Numerical experiments on a model problem are reported to illustrate the performance of the proposed preconditioner. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sala, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM msala@sandia.gov; jnshadi@sandia.gov; tuminaro@ca.sandia.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 744 EP 756 DI 10.1137/040617455 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 023AZ UT WOS:000236098800010 ER PT J AU Gurvits, L Rodman, L AF Gurvits, L Rodman, L TI On matrix polynomials with real roots SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hyperbolic polynomials; matrix polynomials AB It is proved that the roots of combinations of matrix polynomials with real roots can be recast as eigenvalues of combinations of real symmetric matrices, under certain hypotheses. The proof is based on the recent solution of the Lax conjecture. Several applications and corollaries, in particular concerning hyperbolic matrix polynomials, are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Gurvits, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gurvits@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 758 EP 764 DI 10.1137/040606089 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 925MF UT WOS:000229056500010 ER PT J AU Baker, AH Jessup, ER Manteuffel, T AF Baker, AH Jessup, ER Manteuffel, T TI A technique for accelerating the convergence of restarted GMRES SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE GMRES; iterative methods; Krylov subspace; restart; nonsymmetric linear systems ID KRYLOV SUBSPACE METHODS; NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; EQUATIONS; STRATEGIES AB We have observed that the residual vectors at the end of each restart cycle of restarted GMRES often alternate direction in a cyclic fashion, thereby slowing convergence. We present a new technique for accelerating the convergence of restarted GMRES by disrupting this alternating pattern. The new algorithm resembles a full conjugate gradient method with polynomial preconditioning, and its implementation requires minimal changes to the standard restarted GMRES algorithm. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Math Appl, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Baker, AH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM abaker@llnl.gov; jessup@cs.colorado.edu; tmanteuf@colorado.edu NR 30 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 962 EP 984 DI 10.1137/S0895479803422014 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 945KU UT WOS:000230502200005 ER PT J AU Howle, VE Vavasis, SA AF Howle, VE Vavasis, SA TI An iterative method for solving complex-symmetric systems arising in electrical power modeling SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE iterative methods; preconditioning; complex-symmetric systems; support-tree preconditioning; electrical power networks ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MINIMAL RESIDUAL ALGORITHM; WEIGHTED LEAST-SQUARES; GMRES; CG AB We propose an iterative method for solving a complex-symmetric linear system arising in electric power networks. Our method extends Gremban, Miller, and Zagha's [ in Proceedings of the International Parallel Processing Symposium, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 1995] support-tree preconditioner to handle complex weights and vastly different admittances. Our underlying iteration is a modi. cation to transpose-free QMR [ 6] to enhance accuracy. Computational results are described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Howle, VE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9159, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vehowle@sandia.gov; vavasis@cs.cornell.edu NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1150 EP 1178 DI 10.1137/S0895479800370871 PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 945KU UT WOS:000230502200014 ER PT J AU Bochev, P Gunzburger, M AF Bochev, P Gunzburger, M TI On least-squares finite element methods for the poisson equation and their connection to the dirichlet and Kelvin principles SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE least-squares; finite element methods; Kelvin principle; Dirichlet principle; BDM spaces; BDDF spaces; RT spaces; mixed methods; Poisson equation ID 1ST-ORDER ELLIPTIC-SYSTEMS; APPROXIMATION; COMPUTATIONS; OPERATORS AB Least-squares finite element methods for first-order formulations of the Poisson equation are not subject to the inf-sup condition and lead to stable solutions even when all variables are approximated by equal-order continuous finite element spaces. For such elements, one can also prove optimal convergence in the "energy" norm (equivalent to a norm on H-1(Omega) x H(Omega, div)) for all variables and optimal L-2 convergence for the scalar variable. However, showing optimal L-2 convergence for the flux has proven to be impossible without adding the redundant curl equation to the first-order system of partial differential equations. In fact, numerical evidence strongly suggests that nodal continuous flux approximations do not posses optimal L-2 accuracy. In this paper, we show that optimal L-2 error rates for the flux can be achieved without the curl constraint, provided that one uses the div-conforming family of Brezzi-Douglas-Marini or Brezzi-Douglas-Duran-Fortin elements. Then, we proceed to reveal an interesting connection between a least-squares finite element method involving H(Omega,div)-conforming flux approximations and mixed finite element methods based on the classical Dirichlet and Kelvin principles. We show that such least-squares finite element methods can be obtained by approximating, through an L-2 projection, the Hodge operator that connects the Kelvin and Dirichlet principles. Our principal conclusion is that when implemented in this way, a least-squares finite element method combines the best computational properties of finite element methods based on each of the classical principles. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bochev, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; gun-zburg@csit.fsu.edu NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 EI 1095-7170 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 340 EP 362 DI 10.1137/S003614290443353X PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 945KY UT WOS:000230502600018 ER PT J AU Berndt, M Manteuffel, TA McCormick, SF Starke, G AF Berndt, M Manteuffel, TA McCormick, SF Starke, G TI Analysis of first-order system least squares (FOSLS) for elliptic problems with discontinuous coefficients: Part I SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE least-squares discretization; second-order elliptic problems; finite elements; multilevel methods ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; ONE INNER-PRODUCT; STOKES EQUATIONS; CORNER SINGULARITIES; FINITE-ELEMENTS AB First-order system least squares (FOSLS) is a recently developed methodology for solving partial differential equations. Among its advantages are that the finite element spaces are not restricted by the inf-sup condition imposed, for example, on mixed methods and that the least-squares functional itself serves as an appropriate error measure. This paper studies the FOSLS approach for scalar second-order elliptic boundary value problems with discontinuous coefficients, irregular boundaries, and mixed boundary conditions. A least-squares functional is defined, and ellipticity is established in a natural norm of an appropriately scaled least-squares bilinear form. For some geometries, this ellipticity is independent of the size of the jumps in the coefficients. The occurrence of singularities at interface corners, cross points, reentrant corners, and irregular boundary points is discussed, and a basis of singular functions with local support around singular points is established. A companion paper shows that the singular basis functions can be added at little extra cost and lead to optimal performance of standard finite element discretization and multilevel solver techniques, also independent of the size of coefficient jumps for some geometries. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Hannover, Inst Angew Math, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Berndt, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-7,Mail Stop B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM berndt@lanl.gov; tmanteuf@boulder.colorado.edu; stevem@boulder.colorado.edu; starke@ifam.uni-hannover.de RI Berndt, Markus/F-3185-2013; OI Berndt, Markus/0000-0001-5360-6848 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 386 EP 408 DI 10.1137/S0036142903427688 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 945KY UT WOS:000230502600020 ER PT J AU Berndt, M Manteuffel, TA McCormick, SF AF Berndt, M Manteuffel, TA McCormick, SF TI Analysis of first-order system least squares (FOSLS) for elliptic problems with discontinuous coefficients: Part II SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE least-squares discretization; second-order elliptic problems; discontinuous coefficients; interface problems; singularities; finite elements; multilevel methods ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; ONE INNER-PRODUCT; CORNER SINGULARITIES; MULTIGRID METHODS; STOKES EQUATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; COMPUTATION AB First-order system least squares (FOSLS) is a methodology that offers an alternative to standard methods for solving partial differential equations. This paper studies the first-order system least-squares approach for scalar second-order elliptic boundary value problems with discontinuous coefficients. In a companion paper [M. Berndt, T. A. Manteuffel, S. F. McCormick, and G. Starke, Analysis of first-order system least squares (FOSLS) for elliptic problems with discontinuous coefficients: Part I, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 43 (2005), pp. 386-408], ellipticity of an appropriately scaled least-squares bilinear form is established in a natural norm. For some geometries this ellipticity is independent of the size of the jumps in the coefficients. The occurrence of singularities at interface corners, cross-points, reentrant corners, and irregular boundary points is discussed, and a basis of singular functions with local support around singular points is established. This paper describes a method for including discrete versions of the singular basis functions together with standard finite element spaces in a least-squares format at little additional computational cost. The singular basis functions are constructed to match the jump conditions that arise at interfaces between regions of continuity of the diffusion coefficient. Because these basis functions must be approximated in practice, the resulting discretization is by nature nonconforming. This necessitates the establishment here of a general error estimate for FOSLS L-2 minimization problems discretized by nonconforming finite elements. An advantage of the FOSLS formulation is that this estimate does not involve the consistency error term usually present in bounds for other methods. Based on this general estimate, error bounds are derived for the finite element space that includes singular basis functions. Numerical tests are included that confirm these discretization error bounds. Finally, a multilevel method is developed for solving the discrete system that uses singular basis functions on all levels, and its efficiency is demonstrated by the numerical results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Berndt, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-7,Mail Stop B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM berndt@lanl.gov; tmanteuf@boulder.colorado.edu; stevem@boulder.colorado.edu RI Berndt, Markus/F-3185-2013; OI Berndt, Markus/0000-0001-5360-6848 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 409 EP 436 DI 10.1137/S003614290342769X PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 945KY UT WOS:000230502600021 ER PT J AU Bader, BW AF Bader, BW TI Tensor-Krylov methods for solving large-scale systems of nonlinear equations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear systems; tensor methods; Newton's method; linesearch; curvilinear linesearch; Krylov subspace methods ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; INEXACT NEWTON METHOD; SINGULAR POINTS; SUBSPACE METHODS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; GMRES; ALGORITHM; HEAT AB This paper develops and investigates iterative tensor methods for solving large-scale systems of nonlinear equations. Direct tensor methods for nonlinear equations have performed especially well on small, dense problems where the Jacobian matrix at the solution is singular or ill-conditioned, which may occur when approaching turning points, for example. This research extends direct tensor methods to large-scale problems by developing three tensor-Krylov methods that base each iteration upon a linear model augmented with a limited second-order term, which provides information lacking in a (nearly) singular Jacobian. The advantage of the new tensor-Krylov methods over existing large-scale tensor methods is their ability to solve the local tensor model to a specified accuracy, which produces a more accurate tensor step. The performance of these methods in comparison to Newton-GMRES and tensor-GMRES is explored on three Navier-Stokes fluid flow problems. The numerical results provide evidence that tensor-Krylov methods are generally more robust and more efficient than Newton-GMRES on some important and difficult problems. In addition, the results show that the new tensor-Krylov methods and tensor-GMRES each perform better in certain situations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bader, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Sci, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bwbader@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1321 EP 1347 DI 10.1137/040607095 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 983NI UT WOS:000233238800020 ER PT J AU Homescu, C Petzold, LR Serban, R AF Homescu, C Petzold, LR Serban, R TI Error estimation for reduced-order models of dynamical systems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE model reduction; proper orthogonal decomposition; small sample statistical condition estimation; adjoint method ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; REDUCTION; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES; EFFICIENT; EQUATION; CLIMATE; DESIGN AB The use of reduced-order models to describe a dynamical system is pervasive in science and engineering. Often these models are used without an estimate of their error or range of validity. In this paper we consider dynamical systems and reduced models built using proper orthogonal decomposition. We show how to compute estimates and bounds for these errors by a combination of small sample statistical condition estimation and error estimation using the adjoint method. Most importantly, the proposed approach allows the assessment of regions of validity for reduced models, i.e., ranges of perturbations in the original system over which the reduced model is still appropriate. Numerical examples validate our approach: the error norm estimates approximate well the forward error, while the derived bounds are within an order of magnitude. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Homescu, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM homescu@cs.ucsb.edu; petzold@engineering.ucsb.edu; radu@llnl.gov NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1693 EP 1714 DI 10.1137/040603541 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 988GE UT WOS:000233579600014 ER PT J AU Berndt, M Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M Wheeler, MF Yotov, I AF Berndt, M Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M Wheeler, MF Yotov, I TI Superconvergence of the velocity in mimetic finite difference methods on quadrilaterals SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE mixed finite element; mimetic finite difference; tensor coefficient; superconvergence ID DIFFUSION-EQUATIONS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; ELEMENT METHODS; GRIDS; APPROXIMATIONS; COEFFICIENTS; MESHES AB Superconvergence of the velocity is established for mimetic finite difference approximations of second-order elliptic problems over h(2)-uniform quadrilateral meshes. The superconvergence result holds for a full tensor coefficient. The analysis exploits the relation between mimetic finite differences and mixed finite element methods via a special quadrature rule for computing the scalar product in the velocity space. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, ICES, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Dept Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Math, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Berndt, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Mail Stop B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM berndt@lanl.gov; lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov; mfw@ices.utexas.edu; yotov@math.pitt.edu RI Berndt, Markus/F-3185-2013; OI Berndt, Markus/0000-0001-5360-6848 NR 27 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1728 EP 1749 DI 10.1137/040606831 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 988GE UT WOS:000233579600016 ER PT J AU Brezzi, F Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M AF Brezzi, F Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M TI Convergence of the mimetic finite difference method for diffusion problems on polyhedral meshes SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE compatible discretizations; mimetic finite difference method; convergence; polyhedral meshes ID EQUATIONS AB The stability and convergence properties of the mimetic finite difference method for diffusion-type problems on polyhedral meshes are analyzed. The optimal convergence rates for the scalar and vector variables in the mixed formulation of the problem are proved. C1 Univ Pavia, Dept Math, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brezzi, F (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Math, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM brezzi@imati.cnr.it; lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov RI Brezzi, Franco/D-4362-2009 OI Brezzi, Franco/0000-0003-4715-5475 NR 22 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 7 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1872 EP 1896 DI 10.1137/040613950 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 000OE UT WOS:000234470800004 ER PT J AU Day, D Romero, L AF Day, D Romero, L TI Roots of polynomials expressed in terms of orthogonal polynomials SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE rootfinding; Chebyshev polynomial; Legendre polynomial; single transcendental equation; global methods; companion matrix; eigenvalue problem ID INTERVAL AB A technique is presented for determining the roots of a polynomial p(x) that is expressed in terms of an expansion in orthogonal polynomials. The roots are expressed as the eigenvalues of a nonstandard companion matrix B-n whose coefficients depend on the recurrence formula for the orthogonal polynomials, and on the coefficients of the orthogonal expansion. Some questions on the numerical stability of the eigenvalue problem to which they give rise are discussed. The problem of finding the roots of a transcendental function f(x) can be reduced to the problem considered by approximating f(x) by a Chebyshev polynomial. We illustrate the effectiveness of this convert-to-Chebyshev strategy by solving several transcendental equations using this plus our new algorithm. We analyze the numerical stability through both linear algebra theory and numerical experiments and find that this method is very well conditioned. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Day, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dmday@sandia.gov; lromero@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1969 EP 1987 DI 10.1137/040609847 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 000OE UT WOS:000234470800009 ER PT J AU Carstensen, C Lazarov, R Tomov, S AF Carstensen, C Lazarov, R Tomov, S TI Explicit and averaging a posteriori error estimates for adaptive finite volume methods SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE convection-diffusion-reaction equations; 3-D problems; finite volume approximation; a posteriori error estimators; residual estimators; averaging estimators; ZZ refinement indicator ID ELEMENT METHOD; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; FEM; APPROXIMATIONS; MESHES; FLOW AB Local mesh-refining algorithms known from adaptive finite element methods are adopted for locally conservative and monotone finite volume discretizations of boundary value problems for steady-state convection-diffusion-reaction equations. The paper establishes residual-type explicit error estimators and averaging techniques for a posteriori finite volume error control with and without upwind in global H-1- and L-2-norms. Reliability and efficiency are verified theoretically and confirmed empirically with experimental support for the superiority of the suggested adaptive mesh-refining algorithms over uniform mesh re. ning. A discussion of adaptive computations in the simulation of contaminant concentration in a nonhomogeneous water reservoir concludes the paper. C1 Humboldt Univ, Inst Math, D-1099 Berlin, Germany. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Informat Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carstensen, C (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Inst Math, S172 Rudower Chausee 25,Unter Linden 6, D-1099 Berlin, Germany. EM cc@math.hu-berlin.de; lazarov@math.tamu.edu; tomov@bnl.gov RI Lazarov, Raytcho/B-8395-2015 OI Lazarov, Raytcho/0000-0002-4911-3685 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2496 EP 2521 DI 10.1137/S0036142903425422 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 923OC UT WOS:000228918200012 ER PT J AU Anitescu, M AF Anitescu, M TI Global convergence of an elastic mode approach for a class of mathematical programs with complementarity constraints SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE MPCC; global convergence; complementarity constraints; nonlinear programming; obstacle problem ID ALGORITHM; POINT AB We prove that any accumulation point of an elastic mode approach, that approximately solves the relaxed subproblems, is a C-stationary point of the problem of optimizing a parametric mixed P variational inequality. If, in addition, the accumulation point satisfies the MPCC-LICQ constraint qualification, and if the solutions of the subproblem satisfy approximate second-order sufficient conditions, then the limiting point is an M-stationary point. Moreover, if the accumulation point satisfies the upper-level strict complementarity condition, the accumulation point will be a strongly stationary point. If we assume that the penalty function associated with the feasible set of the mathematical program with complementarity constraints has bounded level sets, and if the objective function is bounded below, we show that the algorithm will produce bounded iterates and will therefore have at least one accumulation point. We prove that the obstacle problem satisfies our assumptions for both a rigid and a deformable obstacle. The theoretical conclusions are validated by several numerical examples. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anitescu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@mcs.anl.gov NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 120 EP 145 DI 10.1137/040606855 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 973ZR UT WOS:000232561600006 ER PT J AU Kolda, TG AF Kolda, TG TI Revisiting asynchronous parallel pattern search for nonlinear optimization SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE asynchronous parallel optimization; pattern search; direct search; distributed computing; generating set search ID CONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; CONVERGENCE AB We present a new asynchronous parallel pattern search (APPS) method which is different from that developed previously by Hough, Kolda, and Torczon. APPS efficiently uses parallel and distributed computing platforms to solve science and engineering design optimization problems where derivatives are unavailable and cannot be approximated. The original APPS was designed to be fault-tolerant as well as asynchronous and was based on a peer-to-peer design. Each process was in charge of a single, fixed search direction. Our new version is based instead on a manager-worker paradigm. Though less fault-tolerant, the resulting algorithm is more flexible in its use of distributed computing resources. We further describe how to incorporate a zero-order sufficient decrease condition and handle bound constraints. Convergence theory for all situations (unconstrained and bound constrained as well as simple and sufficient decrease) is developed. We close with a discussion of how the new APPS will better facilitate the future incorporation of linear and nonlinear constraints. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kolda, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tgkolda@sandia.gov RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009 OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 563 EP 586 DI 10.1137/040603589 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 000OH UT WOS:000234471200015 ER PT J AU Anitescu, M AF Anitescu, M TI On using the elastic mode in nonlinear programming approaches to mathematical programs with complementarity constraints SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear programming; elastic mode; sequential quadratic programming; mathematical programs with equililbrium constraints; mathematical programs with complementarity constraints; complementarity constraints ID SUPERLINEAR CONVERGENCE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; QUADRATIC GROWTH; PENALTY-FUNCTION; ALGORITHM; SQP; INEQUALITIES AB We investigate the possibility of solving mathematical programs with complementarity constraints (MPCCs) using algorithms and procedures of smooth nonlinear programming. Although MPCCs do not satisfy a constraint qualification, we establish sufficient conditions for their Lagrange multiplier set to be nonempty. MPCCs that have nonempty Lagrange multiplier sets and satisfy the quadratic growth condition can be approached by the elastic mode with a bounded penalty parameter. In this context, the elastic mode transforms MPCC into a nonlinear program with additional variables that has an isolated stationary point and local minimum at the solution of the original problem, which in turn makes it approachable by sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithms. One such algorithm is shown to achieve local linear convergence once the problem is relaxed. Under stronger conditions, we also prove superlinear convergence to the solution of an MPCC using an adaptive elastic mode approach for an SQP algorithm recently analyzed in an MPCC context in [R. Fletcher, S. Leyffer, S. Sholtes, and D. Ralph, Local Convergence of SQP Methods for Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints, Tech. report NA 210, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, 2002]. Our assumptions are more general since we do not use a critical assumption from that reference. In addition, we show that the elastic parameter update rule will not interfere locally with the superlinear convergence once the penalty parameter is appropriately chosen. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anitescu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@mcs.anl.gov NR 44 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1203 EP 1236 DI 10.1137/S1052623402401221 PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 957GK UT WOS:000231357600015 ER PT J AU Kirby, RC Knepley, M Logg, A Scott, LR AF Kirby, RC Knepley, M Logg, A Scott, LR TI Optimizing the evaluation of finite element matrices SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE finite element; compiler; variational form ID STOKES EQUATIONS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGEBRA AB Assembling stiffness matrices represents a significant cost in many finite element computations. We address the question of optimizing the evaluation of these matrices. By finding redundant computations, we are able to significantly reduce the cost of building local stiffness matrices for the Laplace operator and for the trilinear form for Navier-Stokes operators. For the Laplace operator in two space dimensions, we have developed a heuristic graph algorithm that searches for such redundancies and generates code for computing the local stiffness matrices. Up to cubics, we are able to build the stiffness matrix on any triangle in less than one multiply-add pair per entry. Up to sixth degree, we can do it in less than about two pairs. Preliminary low-degree results for Poisson and Navier-Stokes operators in three dimensions are also promising. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Toyota Technol Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Math, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kirby, RC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM kirby@cs.uchicago.edu; knepley@mcs.anl.gov; logg@tti-c.org; ridg@cs.uchicago.edu RI Knepley, Matthew/C-1094-2015; Logg, Anders/A-1760-2016 OI Knepley, Matthew/0000-0002-2292-0735; Logg, Anders/0000-0002-1547-4773 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 741 EP 758 DI 10.1137/040607824 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 000OM UT WOS:000234471700001 ER PT J AU Yang, C Gao, WG Bai, ZJ Li, XYS Lee, LQ Husbands, P Ng, E AF Yang, C Gao, WG Bai, ZJ Li, XYS Lee, LQ Husbands, P Ng, E TI An algebraic substructuring method for large-scale eigenvalue calculation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE algebraic substructuring; projection method; eigenvalue problem AB This paper is concerned with solving large-scale eigenvalue problems by algebraic substructuring. Algebraic substructuring refers to the process of applying matrix reordering and partitioning algorithms to divide a large sparse matrix into smaller submatrices from which a subset of spectral components are extracted and combined to form approximate solutions to the original problem. Through an algebraic analysis, we identify critical conditions under which a simple version of algebraic substructuring works well. This particular version of substructuring is identical to the component mode synthesis (CMS) method (see [R. R. Craig and M. C. C. Bampton, Coupling of substructures for dynamic analysis, AIAA J., 6 (1968), pp. 1313-1319] and [W. C. Hurty, Vibrations of structure systems by component-mode synthesis, J. Engrg. Mech., 86 (1960), pp. 51-69]) when the matrix reordering is based on a geometric partitioning of the computational domain. We observe an interesting connection between the accuracy of an approximate eigenpair obtained through substructuring and the distribution of the components of eigenvectors of a canonical matrix pencil congruent to the original problem. A priori error bounds for the smallest eigenpair approximation are developed. This development leads to a simple heuristic for choosing spectral components (modes) from each substructure. The effectiveness of such a heuristic is demonstrated with numerical examples. We show that algebraic substructuring can be effectively used to solve a generalized eigenvalue problem arising from the finite element analysis of an accelerator structure. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Math, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1000 Centennial Dr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CYang@lbl.gov; WGGao@lbl.gov; bai@cs.ucdavis.edu; XSLi@lbl.gov; liequan@slac.stanford.edu; PJRHusbands@lbl.gov; EGNg@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 873 EP 892 DI 10.1137/040613767 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 000OM UT WOS:000234471700008 ER PT J AU D'Azevedo, EF Messer, B Mezzacappa, A Liebendorfer, M AF D'Azevedo, EF Messer, B Mezzacappa, A Liebendorfer, M TI An ADI-like preconditioner for Boltzmann transport SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann transport; preconditioned Krylov methods; operator splitting; alternating direction implicit method; radiation hydrodynamics ID APPROXIMATE-INVERSE PRECONDITIONERS; NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; STELLAR CORE COLLAPSE; NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; SUPERNOVA MECHANISM AB This paper studies the application of preconditioned iterative methods to time-dependent coupled hydrodynamics and radiation (Boltzmann) transport. In particular, we focus on the solution of Jacobian matrices in full Newton iterations in the modeling of neutrino ( radiation) transport in core collapse supernovae. This is a demanding radiation hydrodynamics application, requiring accurate time-dependent neutrino transport coupled to hydrodynamics driven by this transport. Given a fully implicit finite differencing of the transport equations, the Jacobian matrices have a special block tridiagonal structure. The off-diagonal blocks are exactly diagonal and correspond to the spatial transport of neutrinos and the coupling of adjacent spatial zones owing to this transport. The dense diagonal blocks, on the other hand, arise from the coupling between the neutrino direction cosines and energy, as a result of neutrino emission, absorption, and scattering, in the multiple species multiple energy group discrete ordinates formulation for solving the Boltzmann transport equations. We consider an effective alternating direct implicit (ADI)-like preconditioner where we alternately sweep along the one-dimensional spatial direction and separately handle the coupling among multi-direction multigroup variables within each spatial discretization cell. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the fast convergence and efficient parallel implementation. The results suggest that even simple fixed point iteration can achieve a similar convergence rate as GMRES and BICGSTAB. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Chicago, ASC Alliances Flash Ctr, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. RP D'Azevedo, EF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, MS-6367,Bldg 6012,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dazevedoef@ornl.gov; bronson@uchicago.edu; mezzacappaa@ornl.gov; lebend@cita.utoronto.ca RI Messer, Bronson/G-1848-2012; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Messer, Bronson/0000-0002-5358-5415; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 810 EP 820 DI 10.1137/S1064827503424013 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 908BE UT WOS:000227761300004 ER PT J AU Ryan, J Shu, CW Atkins, H AF Ryan, J Shu, CW Atkins, H TI Extension of a postprocessing technique for the discontinuous Galerkin method for hyperbolic equations with application to an aeroacoustic problem SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE accuracy enhancement; postprocessing; discontinuous Galerkin method; hyperbolic equations ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; SUPERCONVERGENT PATCH RECOVERY; POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATOR; CONSERVATION-LAWS; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS AB In this paper we further explore a local postprocessing technique, originally developed by Bramble and Schatz [ Math. Comp., 31 ( 1977), pp. 94-111] using continuous finite element methods for elliptic problems and later by Cockburn et al. [ Math. Comp., 72 ( 2003), pp. 577-606] using discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic equations. We investigate the technique in the context of superconvergence of the derivatives of the numerical solution, two space dimensions for both tensor product local basis and the usual kth degree polynomials basis, multidomain problems with different mesh sizes, variable coefficient linear problems including those with discontinuous coefficients, and linearized Euler equations applied to an aeroacoustic problem. We demonstrate through extensive numerical examples that the technique is very effective in all these situations in enhancing the accuracy of the discontinuous Galerkin solutions. C1 Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Modeling & Simulat Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6367, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ryanjk@ornl.gov; shu@dam.brown.edu; h.l.atkins@larc.nasa.gov RI Shu, Chi-Wang/A-3216-2013 OI Shu, Chi-Wang/0000-0001-7720-9564 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 821 EP 843 DI 10.1137/S1064827503423998 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 908BE UT WOS:000227761300005 ER PT J AU Henshaw, WD AF Henshaw, WD TI On multigrid for overlapping grids SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE overlapping grids; multigrid; elliptic partial differential equation ID GEOMETRICALLY COMPLEX DOMAINS; MESH DIFFERENCE-METHODS; BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; EQUATIONS AB The solution of elliptic partial differential equations on composite overlapping grids using multigrid is discussed. An approach is described that provides a fast and memory efficient scheme for the solution of boundary value problems in complex geometries. The key aspects of the new scheme are an automatic coarse grid generation algorithm, an adaptive smoothing technique for adjusting residuals on different component grids, and the use of local smoothing near interpolation boundaries. Other important features include optimizations for Cartesian component grids, the use of over-relaxed red-black smoothers, and the generation of coarse grid operators through Galerkin averaging. Numerical results in two and three dimensions show that very good multigrid convergence rates can be obtained for Dirichlet, Neumann, and mixed boundary conditions. A comparison to Krylov-based solvers shows that the multigrid solver can be much faster and require significantly less memory. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Henshaw, WD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM henshaw1@llnl.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2005 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1547 EP 1572 DI 10.1137/040603735 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 931HA UT WOS:000229475200005 ER PT S AU Imam, N Barhen, J Glover, CW AF Imam, N Barhen, J Glover, CW BE Drummond, OE TI Performance evaluation of time-weighted backvalues least squares vs. NOGA track estimators via sensor data fusion and track fusion for small target detection applications - art. no. 59130Z SO Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY AUG 02-04, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Uncertainty reduction; track fusion; sensor fusion; multi-sensor tracking; auto-regressive ID UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AB The rapid growth and increasing sophistication of airborne surveillance technology have spurred intense research efforts in the development and implementation of tracking algorithms capable of processing a large number of targets using multi-sensor data. In this paper, a, novel tracking algorithm, the NOGA tracker, is presented and compared with the more conventional Time-Weighted Backvalues Least Squares (TWBLS) estimator for accuracy (numerical and phenomenological), ease of implementation, and time performance. The NOGA tracker combines model predictions and sensor measurements to produce best estimates for quantities of interest. The state estimator model used for NOGA is a simple second order auto-regression which is combined with an uncertainty reduction scheme involving nonlinear Lagrange optimization process in which the inverse of a global covariance matrix is used as the natural metric for the Bayesian inference that underlies the combining process. The NOGA tracker explicitly incorporates sensor and model uncertainties in the estimation process, and uses model sensitivities to propagate the associated covariance matrices accurately and in a systematic way. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Imam, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5918-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5913 BP Z9130 EP Z9130 AR 59130Z DI 10.1117/12.617690 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDT84 UT WOS:000235298900029 ER PT S AU Paglieroni, DW Eppler, WG Poland, DN AF Paglieroni, DW Eppler, WG Poland, DN BE Kadar, I TI Phase sensitive cueing for 3D objects in overhead images SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIV CY MAR 28-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE broad area search; model matching; pixel phase; match disambiguation; image thumbnail cueing ID EDGE-DETECTION; REGISTRATION AB A 3D solid model-aided object cueing method that matches phase angles of directional derivative vectors at image pixels to phase angles of vectors, normal to projected model edges is described. It is intended for finding specific types of objects at arbitrary position and orientation in overhead images, independent of spatial resolution, obliqueness, acquisition conditions, and type of imaging sensor. It is shown that the phase similarity measure can be efficiently evaluated over all combinations of model position and orientation using the FFT. The highest degree of similarity over all model orientations is captured in a match surface of similarity values vs. model position. Unambiguous peaks in this surface are sorted in descending order of similarity value, and the small image thumbnails that contain them are presented to human analysts for inspection in sorted order. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Paglieroni, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5794-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5809 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1117/12.603937 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU81 UT WOS:000231336900042 ER PT B AU Cui, X Hardin, CT Ragade, RK Potok, TE Elmaghraby, AS AF Cui, X Hardin, CT Ragade, RK Potok, TE Elmaghraby, AS GP IEEE Computer Society TI Tracking non-stationary optimal solution by particle swarm optimizer SO Sixth International Conference on Software Engineerng, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing and First AICS International Workshop on Self-Assembling Wireless Networks, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing/1st ACIS International Workshop on Self-Assembling Wireless Networks CY MAY 23-25, 2005 CL Towson Univ, Towson, MD SP Microsoft Inc, Qovia Inc, Int Assoc Comp & Informat Sci, Cent Michigan Univ HO Towson Univ AB In the real world, we have to frequently deal with searching for and tracking an optimal solution in a dynamic environment. This demands that the algorithm not only find the optimal solution but also track the trajectory of the solution in a dynamic environment. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population-based stochastic optimization technique, which can find an optimal, or near optimal, solution to a numerical and qualitative problem. However, the traditional PSO algorithm lacks the ability to track the optimal solution in a dynamic environment. In this paper, we present a modified PSO algorithm that can be used for tracking a non-stationary optimal solution in a dynamically changing environment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cui, X (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Elmaghraby, Adel/B-3353-2014; OI Elmaghraby, Adel/0000-0001-5274-8596; Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2294-7 PY 2005 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1109/SNPD-SAWN.2005.77 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCM88 UT WOS:000230067800021 ER PT B AU Weisenberger, AG Kross, B Majewski, S Popov, V Smith, MF Welch, B Wojcik, R Goddard, JS Gleason, SS Paulus, MJ Meikle, SR Pomper, M AF Weisenberger, AG Kross, B Majewski, S Popov, V Smith, MF Welch, B Wojcik, R Goddard, JS Gleason, SS Paulus, MJ Meikle, SR Pomper, M BE Kupinski, MA Barrett, HH TI A small-animal SPECT imaging system utilizing position tracking of unanesthetized mice SO Small Animal SPECT Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small-Animal SPECT CY JAN, 2004 CL Ctr Gamma Ray Imaging, Tucson, AZ HO Ctr Gamma Ray Imaging C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RI Meikle, Steven/A-5470-2009 OI Meikle, Steven/0000-0001-7397-0364 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-25143-X PY 2005 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1007/0-387-25294-0_18 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Veterinary Sciences SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Veterinary Sciences GA BCP81 UT WOS:000230621200018 ER PT S AU Massad, JE Washington, GN Sumali, H AF Massad, JE Washington, GN Sumali, H BE Smith, RC TI Orthotropic deflection model for corner-supported plates with segmented in-plane actuators SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2005: MODELING, SIGNAL PROCESSING, AND CONTROL SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2005 Conference CY MAR 07-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Sage Publicat, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, KAIST, Smart Infra Struct Technol Ctr DE corner supports; orthotropic PVDF laminate; rectangular plate; shape control ID SHAPE CONTROL; APERTURE ANTENNAS; REFLECTORS; MEMBRANE; DESIGN; MIRROR AB The shape control of thin, flexible structures has been studied primarily for edge-supported thin plates. For applications involving reconfigurable apertures such as membrane optics and active RF surfaces, corner-supported configurations may prove more applicable. Corner-supported adaptive structures allow for parabolic geometries, greater flexibility, and larger achievable deflections when compared to edge-supported geometries under similar actuation conditions. Preliminary models have been developed for corner-supported thin plates actuated by isotropic piezoelectric actuators. However, typical piezoelectric materials are known to be orthotropic. This paper extends a previously-developed isotropic model for a corner-supported, thin, rectangular bimorph to a more general orthotropic model for a bimorph actuated by a two-dimensional array of segmented PVDF laminates. First, a model determining the deflected shape of an orthotropic laminate for a given distribution of voltages over the actuator array is derived. Second, symmetric actuation of a bimorph consisting of orthotropic material is simulated using orthogonally-oriented laminae. Finally, the results of the model are shown to agree well with layered-shell finite element simulations for simple and complex voltage distributions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jemassa@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5738-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5757 BP 503 EP 514 DI 10.1117/12.601533 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Composites SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCO39 UT WOS:000230407700047 ER PT S AU Anderson, RC Kawade, B Ragulan, K Maithripala, DHS Berg, JM Gale, RO Dayawansa, WP AF Anderson, RC Kawade, B Ragulan, K Maithripala, DHS Berg, JM Gale, RO Dayawansa, WP BE Tomizuka, M TI Integrated charge and position sensing for feedback control of electrostatic MEMS SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2005: SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2005 Conference CY MAR 07-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Sage Publicat, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, KAIST, Smart Infra Struct Technol Ctr DE electrostatic MEMS; nonlinear control; charge sensor; position sensor; integrated sensor ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; DEFORMABLE MIRROR; PARALLEL-PLATE; ACTUATORS; RANGE; MICROACTUATORS; TRAVEL; MODEL AB Closed-loop control of electrostatic MEMS requires sensing to provide a feedback signal. We present an integrated sensor for charge and position that negligibly affects the open-loop dynamics, does not increase the device footprint, and may be easily fabricated. Numerical finite-element simulation, incorporating a realistic electrostatic field model, and experimental results validate the functionality of the sensor. Simulations show how the sensor may be used in conjunction with nonlinear control to provide full gap operation and improved transient performance. Nonlinear control is often considered too complex for convenient implementation, however the controller presented may be implemented using on-chip, local, integrated circuit components. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, MDLO, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, MDLO, POB 5800-1084, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5746-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5765 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.600634 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCN02 UT WOS:000230110400005 ER PT S AU Almquist, J Gorton, I Haack, J AF Almquist, J Gorton, I Haack, J BE Gschwind, T Mascolo, C TI Integration of a text search engine with a Java Messaging Service SO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND MIDDLEWARE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Software Engineering and Middleware CY SEP 20-21, 2004 CL Linz, AUSTRIA SP IBM AB Large-scale information processing applications must rapidly search through high volume streams of structured and unstructured textual data to locate useful information. Content-based messaging systems (CBMSs) provide a powerful technology platform for building such stream handling systems. CBMSs make it possible to efficiently execute queries on messages in streams to extract those that contain content of interest. In this paper, we describe efforts to augment an experimental CBMS with the ability to perform efficient free-text search operations. The design of the CBMS platform, based upon a Java Messaging Service, is described, and an empirical evaluation is presented to demonstrate the performance implications of a range of queries varying in complexity. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl ICT Australia, Empir Software Engn Grp, Eveleigh, NSW 1430, Australia. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25328-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3437 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCF74 UT WOS:000229094100003 ER PT J AU Heuscher, SA Brandt, CC Jardine, PM AF Heuscher, SA Brandt, CC Jardine, PM TI Using soil physical and chemical properties to estimate bulk density SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER AB A stepwise multiple regression procedure was developed to predict oven-dried bulk density from soil properties using the 1997 USDA-NRCS National Soil Survey Characterization Data. The database includes both subsoil and topsoil samples. An overall regression equation for predicting oven-dried bulk density from soil properties (R-2 = 0.45, P < 0.001) was developed using almost 47 000 soil samples. Partitioning the database by soil suborders improved regression relationships (R-2 = 0.62, P < 0.001). Of the soil properties considered, the stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that organic C content was the strongest contributor to bulk density prediction. Other significant variables included clay content, water content and to a lesser extent, silt content and depth. In general, the accuracy of regression equations was better for suborders containing more organic C (most Inceptisols, Spodosols. Ultisols. and Mollisols). Bulk density was poorly predicted for suborders of the Aridisol and Vertisol orders which contain little or no organic C. Although organic C was an important variable in the suborder analysis, water content explained most (>30%) of the variation in bulk density for Udox, Xererts, Ustands, Aquands, and Saprists. Relationships between bulk density with soil volume measured on oven-dried natural clods and bulk density with soil volume measured at field-moisture content and one-third bar were also determined (R-2 = 0.70 and 0.69, respectively; P < 0.001). Utilizing the regression equations developed in this study, oven-dried bulk density predictions were obtained for 71% of the 85 608 samples in the database without bulk density measurements. While improving on methods of previous analyses, this study illustrates that regression equations are a feasible alternative for bulk-density estimation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brandt, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM brandtcc@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 27 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891RK UT WOS:000226598100007 ER PT J AU Negra, C Ross, DS Lanzirotti, A AF Negra, C Ross, DS Lanzirotti, A TI Oxidizing behavior of soil manganese: Interactions among abundance, oxidation state, and pH SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMATE REDUCTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; OXIDES; BIRNESSITE; SURFACE; CHROMIUM; IRON AB Due to their high degree of reactivity, Mn oxides in soil systems may exert a greater influence on trace metal chemistry than that suggested by their relatively low abundance. In particular, Mn is the only known oxidizer of trivalent Cr in soils. We investigated soil properties that influence the Cr oxidizing capacity of Mn oxides in eight well-aerated high Mn soils. Total and easily reducible Mn abundance were quantified by extraction with 1.5 M NH2OH.HCl and 0.02 M hydroquinone. Relative average Mn oxidation state in soil samples was determined by x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (Mn-XANES) main edge energy position. Soils ranged in percentage of NH2OH.HCl-extractable Mn between 0.14 and 1.27, pH between 4.4 and 7.2. and percentage of C between 9.0 and 27.2. Manganese-XANES spectra showed that most of the study soils had a high Mn(IV)/Mn(III) ratio with edge energy position intermediate to that of a synthetic birnessite and a synthetic pyrolusite. In these high Mn soils, Mn-XANES edge energy was positively correlated with soil pH, suggesting a linear increase, over the normal range of soil pH, in the Mn(IV)/Mn(III) ratio of soil oxides. Soils with more total reducible Mn generally demonstrated greater net Cr(VI) production, but this pattern was moderated by soil pH and relative Mn oxidation state. High Mn soils with low pH and Mn oxidation state were weaker Cr oxidizers than their Mn abundance would suggest. Our data provide evidence that greater Mn abundance and greater Mn(IV)/Mn(III) ratio in soil Mn oxides enhances Cr oxidation. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Chicago, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CARS, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Negra, C (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM Christine.Negra@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008 OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602 NR 57 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891RK UT WOS:000226598100011 ER PT J AU Huesemann, MH Hausmann, TS Fortman, TJ AF Huesemann, MH Hausmann, TS Fortman, TJ TI Leaching of BTEX from aged crude oil contaminated model soils: Experimental and modeling results SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE crude oil; BTEX; leaching; equilibrium dissolution model; NAPL; aged soils ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; SEQUESTRATION; CHEMICALS; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS; DISSOLUTION; PARTICLES; PETROLEUM; SOLIDS AB It is generally assumed that soil properties such as organic matter content, porosity, and mineral surface area have a significant effect oil the bioavailability and leachability of aged petroleum hydrocarbons. It order to test this hypothesis, nine model soils or sot-bents (i.e., fine and coarse quartz sand, montmorillonite and kaolinite clay, peat, 60 angstrom and 150 angstrom silica gel, a loam soil, and non-porous glass beads) were spiked with a crude oil, aged for 27 months in the laboratory, and transferred to glass columns for the performance of continuous flow leaching experiments. The column effluents were periodically sampled for 43 days and anayzed for BTEX. A one-drimensional flow model for predicting the dissolution and dispersion of individual hydrocarbons from a multicomponent NAPL such as crude oil was used to fit the leaching data (i.e., the BTEX concentration versus time curves) by adjusting the equilibrium oil-leachate partitioning coefficient (K-ol)for each respective hydrocarbon. The Peclet number, which is a measure of dispersion and a required modeling parameter, was measured in separate chloride tracer experiments for each soil column. Results demonstrate that soil properties did not significantly affect the leaching kinetics of BTEX from the columns. Instead, BTEX leaching curves coil Id be successfully fitted with the one-dimensional NAPL dissolution flow model for all sorbents with the exception of montmorillonite clay. The fitting parameter K-ol for each hydrocarbon was found to be similar to the Kol values that were independently measured for the same crude oil by Rixey et al. (Journal of Hazardous Materials B, 65: 137-156, 1999). In addition, the fitted Kol values were very similar for BTEX leaching from aged compared to freshly spiked loam soil. These findings indicate that leaching of BTEX in the aged soils that are contaminated with crude oil at the high concentrations commonly found in the environment (i.e., > 20,000 mg/kg) was not affected by soil properties or aging but rather was governed by the equilibrium dissolution of these hydrocarbons from the crude oil NAPL that is coating the soil particles. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Huesemann, MH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM michael.huesemann@pnl.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 545 EP 558 DI 10.1080/15320380500263733 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980CX UT WOS:000232992600006 ER PT J AU Osterwald, CR AF Osterwald, Carl R. BE Markvart, T Castaner, L TI Standards, Calibration and Testing of PV Modules and Solar Cells SO SOLAR CELLS: MATERIALS, MANUFACTURE AND OPERATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES; ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; UNCERTAINTY; SCALE; RELIABILITY; SIMULATORS; EFFICIENCY C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Osterwald, CR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM carl_osterwald@nrel.gov NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-054141-9 PY 2005 BP 451 EP 474 DI 10.1016/B978-185617457-2/50018-4 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BCW60 UT WOS:000311688600017 ER PT S AU Luhmann, JG Curtis, DW Lin, RP Larson, D Schroeder, P Cummings, A Mewaldt, RA Stone, EC Davis, A von Rosenvinge, T Acuna, MH Rearnes, D Ng, C Ogilvie, K Mueller-Mellin, R Kunow, H Mason, GM Wiedenbeck, M Sauvaud, A Aoustin, C Louarn, P Dandouras, J Korth, A Bothmer, V Vasyliunas, V Sanderson, T Marsden, RG Russell, CT Gosling, JT Bougeret, JL McComas, DJ Linker, JA Riley, P Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Gombosi, T DeZeeuw, D Gombosi, T DeZeeuw, D Kecskemety, K AF Luhmann, JG Curtis, DW Lin, RP Larson, D Schroeder, P Cummings, A Mewaldt, RA Stone, EC Davis, A von Rosenvinge, T Acuna, MH Rearnes, D Ng, C Ogilvie, K Mueller-Mellin, R Kunow, H Mason, GM Wiedenbeck, M Sauvaud, A Aoustin, C Louarn, P Dandouras, J Korth, A Bothmer, V Vasyliunas, V Sanderson, T Marsden, RG Russell, CT Gosling, JT Bougeret, JL McComas, DJ Linker, JA Riley, P Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Gombosi, T DeZeeuw, D Gombosi, T DeZeeuw, D Kecskemety, K BE Harra, LK Culhane, JL Harruson, RA TI IMPACT: Science goals and firsts with STEREO SO SOLAR ENCOUNTER, SOLAR-B AND STEREO SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE STEREO; coronal mass ejections; space weather; solar activity; space missions ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; ACCELERATION; TOPOLOGY; HELIOS-1; EVENTS; MODEL; WIND AB The in situ measurements of particles and CME transients (I M PACT) investigation on the twin STEREO spacecraft focuses oil the solar energetic particle, solar wind and suprathermal electron, and magnetic field measurements needed to address STEREO's goals. IMPACT will provide regular, identical, in situ multipoint measurements bracketing Earth as each spacecraft separates from it at a rate of similar to 22 degrees/yr along Earth's orbit. Combined with the PLASTIC and SWAVES investigations, IMPACT fills a critical role in the STEREO quest to connect SECCHI's 3D coronal images to their interplanetary consequences. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. KFKI Res Inst Part & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Luhmann, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Grizzly Peak Blvd,Centennial Dr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgluhmann@ssl.berkeley.edu RI De Zeeuw, Darren/F-3667-2011; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 8 SI 2005 BP 1534 EP 1543 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.033 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEC66 UT WOS:000236807600027 ER PT J AU Kohl, M Jorgensen, G Brunold, S Carlsson, B Heck, M Moller, K AF Kohl, M Jorgensen, G Brunold, S Carlsson, B Heck, M Moller, K TI Durability of polymeric glazing materials for solar applications SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Leobener Symposium Polymeric Solar Materials CY NOV 06-07, 2003 CL Univ Leoben, Polymer Competence Ctr Leoben, Leoben, AUSTRIA HO Univ Leoben, Polymer Competence Ctr Leoben DE collector glazing; polymer materials; durability testing; service life estimation AB The economic viability of solar collector systems for domestic hot water (DHW) generation is strongly linked to the cost of such systems. Installation and hardware costs must be reduced by 50% to allow significant market penetration. An attractive approach to cost reduction is to replace glass and metal parts with less expensive, lighter weight polymeric components. Weight reduction decreases the cost of shipping, handling, and installation. The use of polymeric materials also allows the benefits and cost savings associated with well established manufacturing processes, along with savings associated with improved fastening, reduced part count, and overall assembly refinements. A key challenge is to maintain adequate system performance and assure requisite durability for extended lifetimes. Results of preliminary and ongoing screening tests for a large number of candidate polymeric glazing materials are presented. Based on these results, two specific glazings with moderate and poor weathering stability are selected to demonstrate how a service lifetime methodology can be applied to accurately predict the optical performance of these materials during in-service use. A summary is given for data obtained by outdoor exposure and indoor testing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high temperature modified polycarbonate copolymer (coPC) materials, and an initial risk analysis is given for the two materials. Screening tests and analyses for service lifetime prediction are discussed. A methodology that provides a way to derive correlations between degradation experienced by materials exposed to controlled accelerated laboratory exposure conditions and materials exposed to in-service conditions is given, and a validation is presented for the methodology based upon durability test results for PVC and coPC. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. HSR Hsch Rapperswil, SPF, Inst Solartech Prufung Forsch, CH-8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland. Swedish Natl Testing & Res Inst, S-50115 Boras, Sweden. RP Kohl, M (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, Heidenhofstr 2, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. EM michael.koehl@ise.fraunhofer.de NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2005 VL 79 IS 6 BP 618 EP 623 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2005.04.011 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 997GN UT WOS:000234233500007 ER PT J AU Andersen, M Rubin, M Powles, R Scartezzini, JL AF Andersen, M Rubin, M Powles, R Scartezzini, JL TI Bi-directional transmission properties of Venetian blinds: experimental assessment compared to ray-tracing calculations SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress of the International-Solar-Energy-Society CY JUN 14-19, 2003 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN SP Int Solar Energy Soc DE bi-directional transmission distribution function (BTDF); goniophotometer; solar blinds; simulation model; ray-tracing calculations; daylighting; solar protection systems ID SIMULATIONS AB An accurate evaluation of daylight distribution through advanced fenestration systems (complex glazing, solar shading systems) requires the knowledge of their Bidirectional light Transmission (Reflection) Distribution Function BT(R)DF. An innovative equipment for the experimental assessment of these bi-directional functions has been developed, based on a digital imaging detection system. An extensive set of BTDF measurements was performed with this goniophotometer on Venetian blinds presenting curved slats with a mirror coating on the upper side. In this paper, the measured data are compared with ray-tracing results achieved with a virtual copy of the device, that was constructed with a commercial ray-tracing software. The model of the blind was created by implementing the measured reflection properties of the slats coatings in the ray-tracing calculations. These comparisons represent an original and objective validation methodology for detailed bi-directional properties for a complex system; the good agreement between the two methods, yet presenting very different parameters and assessment methodologies, places reliance both on the digital-imaging detection system and calibration, and on the potentiality of a flexible calculation method combining ray-tracing simulations with simple components measurements. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol EPFL, Solar Energy & Bldg Phys Lab LESO PB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, M (reprint author), MIT, Dept Architecture, Bldg Technol Program, Bldg 5-418,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mand@mit.edu RI Powles, Rebecca/C-4272-2008 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2005 VL 78 IS 2 SI SI BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2004.06.005 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 901FU UT WOS:000227269200008 ER PT J AU Kunzel, HM Holm, A Zirkelbach, D Karagiozis, AN AF Kunzel, HM Holm, A Zirkelbach, D Karagiozis, AN TI Simulation of indoor temperature and humidity conditions including hygrothermal interactions with the building envelope SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Green Architecture (SEGA) CY OCT 08-10, 2003 CL Bangkok, THAILAND DE hygrothermal simulations; indoor humidity; moisture buffering; intermittent air-conditioning; humidity control AB The hygrothermal behaviour of the building envelope affects the overall performance of a building. Numerous tools exist for the simulation of the heat and moisture transfer in the building envelope and whole building simulation tools for energy calculations. However, working combinations of both models for practical application are just about to be developed. In this paper such a combined model, that takes into account moisture sources and sinks inside a room, input from the envelope due to capillary action, diffusion and vapour absorption and desorption as a response to the exterior and interior climate conditions as well as the well-known thermal parameters will be described. The new model is validated by performing a series of field experiments and the moisture buffering capacity of the building envelope is investigated. In the conclusions the possible range of future applications of hygrothermal building performance models is addressed and the needs for further research are identified. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fraunhofer Inst Bauphysik, D-83601 Holzkirchen, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Kunzel, HM (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst Bauphysik, POB 11 52, D-83601 Holzkirchen, Germany. EM kuenzel@hoki.ibp.fhg.de; karagiozisan@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2005 VL 78 IS 4 BP 554 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2004.03.002 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 921SO UT WOS:000228785400010 ER PT S AU Kerttula, R Mursula, K Asikainen, T Friedel, R Baker, D Soraas, F Fennell, JF Blake, JB Grande, M AF Kerttula, R Mursula, K Asikainen, T Friedel, R Baker, D Soraas, F Fennell, JF Blake, JB Grande, M BE Mukai, T Lopez, R Maezawa, K Grande, M Fennell, JF Heynderickx, D TI Energetic particle acceleration during a major magnetic storm SO SOLAR WIND-MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND RADIATION MODELS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE magnetic storm; energetic particle injections; energetic particle boundaries ID SPECTROMETER; CLUSTER AB We study the global properties of energetic (> 30 keV) particles during the main and early recovery phase of a major magnetic storm of March 31, 2001, using data of the NOAA 15 and 16 and the CLUSTER satellites. During the storm main phase the ring Current energetic electron and ion fluxes were increased by nearly two orders of magnitude, and the flux maxima were shifted to below L = 3. The maximum ion fluxes were observed at about 07 UT, coinciding with the minimum Dst. However, the highest fluxes of energetic electrons were observed only at about 16-18 UT, indicating significant differences in the acceleration of energetic electrons and ions during the storm. We suggest that the ion maximum at about 07 UT was due to field-aligned acceleration of ions from the ionosphere whereas the electron maximum at 16-18 UT was due to a large injection front the nightside. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd oil behalf of COSPAR. C1 Oulu Univ, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Space Phys Div, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Asikainen, T (reprint author), Oulu Univ, Dept Phys Sci, POB 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. EM timo.asikainen@oulu.fi RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Mursula, Kalevi/L-8952-2014; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Mursula, Kalevi/0000-0003-4892-5056; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 10 SI 2005 BP 1835 EP 1839 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.03.023 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDY96 UT WOS:000236277300014 ER PT S AU Lugo-Solis, A Lopez, R Ingraham, JC Friedel, R AF Lugo-Solis, A Lopez, R Ingraham, JC Friedel, R BE Mukai, T Lopez, R Maezawa, K Grande, M Fennell, JF Heynderickx, D TI Energetic electron bursts at high magnetic latitudes: Correlation with magnetospheric activity SO SOLAR WIND-MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND RADIATION MODELS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE energetic electron bursts; high magnetic latitudes; magnetospheric activity AB There is considerable interest on the origin of high energy electron bursts recently observed at high magnetic latitudes by dosimeters on the GPS satellites. The energy of these electron bursts can be as high as 500 keV. These bursts are seen in regions that map onto open field lines and where normally observed fluxes are at background levels. In this study we examine the distribution of these events, and correlate them with magnetic indices and solar wind magnetic field data. Our results indicate many of these electron bursts are likely to be substorm-associated. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lopez, R (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM alexlugo@nmsu.edu; relopez@fit.edu; cingraham@lanl.gov; friedel@lanl.gov; relopez@fit.edu RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Lopez, Ramon/0000-0001-5881-1365 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 10 SI 2005 BP 1840 EP 1844 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.062 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDY96 UT WOS:000236277300015 ER PT S AU Wuest, M Balogh, A Dandouras, I Fazakerley, A Gladstone, R Reme, H Thomsen, M AF Wuest, M Balogh, A Dandouras, I Fazakerley, A Gladstone, R Reme, H Thomsen, M BE Mukai, T Lopez, R Maezawa, K Grande, M Fennell, JF Heynderickx, D TI Observation of a substorm onset on 12 September 2001 SO SOLAR WIND-MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND RADIATION MODELS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE substorm; substorm onset; polar and cluster spacecraft; observations on 12 September 2001 ID SPECTROMETRY CIS EXPERIMENT; PLASMA SHEET; SPACECRAFT; MAGNETOSPHERE; INJECTIONS; FIELDS; MODEL AB The orbits of Polar and Cluster spacecraft in 2001-2003 are extremely well suited to investigate substorms. Here, we discuss a substorm onset on 12 September 2001 between 1800 and 1915 UT. At this time, the Polar spacecraft was at 8 Re, 0034 LT, 70 degrees invariant latitude (IL) and the Cluster spacecraft was at 19.3 Re, 2330 LT, 77 degrees IL. The geostationary spacecraft LANL-97A was close to local midnight. The IMAGE spacecraft wits 7 Re above the northern aurora. The substorm onset was observed by these spacecraft as well as by several magnetic ground stations, but exact timing could not be retrieved due to the very localized nature of the flows and that Cluster and Polar were not on Magnetic Conjunctions. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wuest, M (reprint author), INFICON Ltd, Vacuum Control, Alte Landstr 6, FL-9496 Balzers, Liechtenstein. EM Mwuest@swri.edu OI Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 10 SI 2005 BP 1849 EP 1854 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.05.012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDY96 UT WOS:000236277300017 ER PT S AU Mursula, K Kerttmla, R Asikainen, T Friedel, R Vaivads, A Soraas, F Grande, M Carter, M Daly, PW Fritz, TA Fennell, JF Balogh, A AF Mursula, K Kerttmla, R Asikainen, T Friedel, R Vaivads, A Soraas, F Grande, M Carter, M Daly, PW Fritz, TA Fennell, JF Balogh, A BE Mukai, T Lopez, R Maezawa, K Grande, M Fennell, JF Heynderickx, D TI Cluster/rapid energetic electron observations at the dayside magnetospheric boundary SO SOLAR WIND-MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND RADIATION MODELS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE cluster-II; energetic electrons; magnetospheric boundary ID PARTICLE SPECTROMETER; FIELD; MAGNETOPAUSE AB We Study the energetic electrons by the Cluster-II Rapid instrument on a dayside high-latitude pass on the night between March 21/22, 2001. The Cluster satellites were flying outward in the pre-noon sector, passing a cusp/cleft type region roughly at midnight. Contrary to earlier observations of high fluxes of energetic particles in the high-latitude cusp, we found a very low flux of energetic particles in this region. Soon thereafter the satellites entered the closed field line region of high-altitude magnetosphere with high fluxes of energetic particles and a low plasma density. While still in the region of downward oriented field lines, satellites observed surface waves propagating along magnetopause (MP) and modulating strongly the energetic particle fluxes. In the dayside sector satellites, observed several MP crossings, as well as periods when MP was quite stable and close to the satellites, even between them. We derive the speed and direction of the moving dayside magnetopause using observations of energetic electrons and plasma density. We also note that the moving magnetopause was often found to be connected with an increase of energetic electron flux while the stagnant MP was effectively a sink to energetic particles. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oulu, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. IRFU, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. RAL, Didcot, Oxon, England. MPAE, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Aerosp Co, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. RP Mursula, K (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Phys Sci, POB 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. EM kalevi.mursula@oulu.fi RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Mursula, Kalevi/L-8952-2014; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Mursula, Kalevi/0000-0003-4892-5056; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 10 SI 2005 BP 1904 EP 1908 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.03.021 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDY96 UT WOS:000236277300028 ER PT S AU Davies, JA Grande, M Perry, CH Dunlop, MW Carter, MK Blake, JB Fennell, JF Daly, PW Friedel, RHW Fritz, TA AF Davies, JA Grande, M Perry, CH Dunlop, MW Carter, MK Blake, JB Fennell, JF Daly, PW Friedel, RHW Fritz, TA BE Mukai, T Lopez, R Maezawa, K Grande, M Fennell, JF Heynderickx, D TI Energetic electron observations of magnetospheric boundaries using the imaging electron spectrometers on Cluster and Polar SO SOLAR WIND-MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND RADIATION MODELS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE cluster; polar; magnetospheric boundaries; energetic electrons ID PARTICLE AB Electrons with energies of several tens to several hundreds of keV provide a powerful diagnostic for the acceleration processes associated with magnetospheric boundaries and phenomena. Electrons of these energies can be detected by the imaging electron spectrometer (IES) component of the RAPID experiment onboard each of the quartet of Cluster spacecraft. More than two years of Cluster/RAPID-IES observations, from the start of the science phase of the mission to March 2003, are reviewed. These data highlight populations of enhanced energetic electron flux associated with three key regions of geospace: the outer radiation belt, the magnetotail current sheet and on the inner edge of the magnetopause. Cluster/RAPID-IES observations from two intervals during a single tail crossing on 11 July 2002 are presented. In the first, short-lived bursts of energetic electrons are resolved, which are identified as being spatial features, associated with brief incursions by the spacecraft into the magnetotail current sheet. The second interval shows an enhancement in electron flux that corresponds to the impulsive expansion phase onset of a substorm. The large-scale nature of this phenomenon is confirmed by simultaneous observations from the near-identical CEPPAD-IES instrument on the Polar spacecraft, which was close to magnetic conjugacy with Cluster at the time, and from ground-based instrumentation. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, SSTD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Davies, JA (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, SSTD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM j.a.davies@rl.ac.uk RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 10 SI 2005 BP 1916 EP 1921 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.01.028 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDY96 UT WOS:000236277300030 ER PT B AU Moore, KT Krenn, CR Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Moore, Kevin T. Krenn, Chris R. Wall, Mark A. Schwartz, Adam J. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI The actinides and the delta ->alpha' isothermal martenisitc transformation in Pu-Ga alloys SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Material 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE actinide; plutonium; transmission electron microscopy; habit plane; phase transformation ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; PLUTONIUM ALLOYS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DELTA->ALPHA; CERIUM AB Here, we will first give a general introduction to the actinides and the myriad of fascinating physics found in these metals, alloys, and intermetallic compounds. Then we will turn our focus to an isothermal martensitic transformation that occurs in Pu-Ga alloys, where a similar to 20% volume collapse occurs when the face-centered cubic 8 phase transforms to the monoclinic alpha' phase. The habit plane, orientation relationship, parent-product interface at the atomic level, twin relationship, and plastic behavior of the face-centered cubic 8 matrix will be examined. Finally, we will address some of the future experiments needed to fully understand this transformation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 47 EP 62 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEP97 UT WOS:000238838100004 ER PT B AU Saxena, A Lookman, T Albers, RC AF Saxena, A. Lookman, T. Albers, R. C. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Landau free energy for structural phase transitions in Pu SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Material 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE delta -> alpha transition; shear strains; shuffle modes; phonon dispersion ID PLUTONIUM; ALLOYS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Depending on temperature, pressure and (Ga or Al) alloying plutonium undergoes a series of structural transitions. Based on crystallography and symmetry analysis of phonon modes, and relevant strain tensor components identified as order parameter, we develop a Ginzburg-Landau free energy for the FCC to simple monoclinic structural transition, delta -> alpha, in Pu. We use the free energy to explore certain parts of the Pu phase diagram and relate the coefficients in the free energy expansion to experimental data such as specific heat and thermal expansion. Finally, we explore the role of intra-unit cell shuffle modes in this important transition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEP97 UT WOS:000238838100006 ER PT B AU Blobaum, KJM Krenn, CR Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Blobaum, K. J. M. Krenn, C. R. Wall, M. A. Schwartz, A. J. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Burst martensitic transformations in a steel and in a Pu-Ga alloy SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Material 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE burst martensite; isothermal martensite; plutonium; differential scanning calorimetry ID PHASE AB Upon cooling a Pu-2.0 at% Ga alloy from the ambient temperature, the metastable delta phase partially transforms martensitically to the alpha-prime phase. Because this transformation involves a 25% volume contraction, plastic accommodation by the delta matrix must occur. When the material is isochronally heated or isothermally annealed above ambient temperatures, the reversion of alpha-prime to delta is likely to occur by the alpha-prime/delta interface moving to consume the alpha-prime particles. This reversion exhibits a burst martensitic mode and is observed as sharp spikes in differential scanning calorimetry data and as steps in resistometry data. These large bursts appear to be the result of an interplay between the autocatalytically driven transformation of individual alpha-prime particles and self-quenching caused by small changes in temperature and/or stress accompanying each burst. The behavior of this Pu-Ga alloy is compared to that of a steel referred to as a "burst martensite" in the literature, which also exhibits bursts during both thermal cycling and isothermal holds. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Blobaum, KJM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEP97 UT WOS:000238838100016 ER PT B AU Field, RD Brown, DM Thoma, DJ AF Field, R. D. Brown, D. M. Thoma, D. J. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Shape memory behavior in U-Nb alloys SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Material 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE shape memory effect; crystallographic texture; uranium-niobium ID ALPHA-URANIUM; DEFORMATION; NIOBIUM AB Uranium alloys in the range of 14 to 18 at.% Nb display shape memory effect (SME) behavior. The martensitic structure, deformation mechanisms, and texture development in the SME regime can be understood in terms of a simple model involving the martensitic twin relationships derived from parent phase/martensite orientation relationships. Recent progress in using this model to explain SME and post-SME strain behavior of this material is presented, with particular emphasis on deformation twinning mechanisms and crystallographic texture evolution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Field, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEP97 UT WOS:000238838100025 ER PT B AU Campbell, GH LaGrange, TB King, WE Colvin, JD Ziegler, A Browning, ND Kleinschmidt, H Bostanjoglo, O AF Campbell, Geoffrey H. LaGrange, Thomas B. King, Wayne E. Colvin, Jeffrey D. Ziegler, Alexander Browning, Nigel D. Kleinschmidt, H. Bostanjoglo, O. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI The HCP to BCC phase transformation in Ti characterized by nanosecond electron microscopy SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Material 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE phase transformations; TEM; titanium ID FILMS AB The general class of martensitic phase transformations occurs by a rapid lattice-distortive mechanism, where kinetics and morphology of the transformation are dominated by the strain energy. Since transformation is diffusionless, phase fronts propagate through a crystal with great speed that can approach the speed of sound. We have observed a particular example of this class of phase transformation, the hexagonal close packed (HCP) to body centered cubic (BCC) transformation in titanium that is driven by a rapid increase in temperature. We have used a novel nanosecond electron microscope (the dynamic transmission electron microscope, DTEM) to acquire diffraction and imaging information on the transformation, which is driven in-situ by nanosecond laser irradiation. Using nanosecond exposure times that are possible in the DTEM, data can be collected about the transient events in these fast transformations. We have identified the phase transformation with diffraction patterns and correlated the time of the phase transformation with calculated conditions in the sample. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Campbell, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 443 EP 448 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEP97 UT WOS:000238838100043 ER PT B AU Miller, MK Reed, RC AF Miller, M. K. Reed, R. C. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Analysis of rhenium clustering in CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Material 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE superalloy; clustering; atom probe tomography ID ATOM-PROBE AB Rhenium additions have played an important role in improving the high temperature properties of nickel-based superalloys. The distribution of rhenium in crept and annealed single crystal CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy has been characterized from multi-million atom, three-dimensional data sets obtained with the local electrode atom probe. Rhenium partitioned to the gamma matrix and acts as a solid solution strengthener. Ultrafine (similar to 1 nm diameter) rhenium clusters containing up to similar to 10% Re were evident in the 10-nm wide Re-enriched region in the gamma phase close to the gamma-gamma' interface. No evidence of nanometer size Re clusters was observed in the central region of the gamma phase in any of the crept or annealed materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 537 EP 542 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEP97 UT WOS:000238838100054 ER PT B AU Schwartz, DS Zocco, TG AF Schwartz, Daniel S. Zocco, Thomas G. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI DSC study of the asymmetric gamma-delta transformation in Pu and its influence on the lower temperature transformations SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Material 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE thermodynamics; burst transformations; plutonium ID PLUTONIUM; NEPTUNIUM AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine the thermodynamic properties of the gamma-delta solid-state phase transformation in pure Pu. This phase transformation shows an unusual degree of asymmetry with respect to heating and cooling. On heating, the gamma ->delta transformation shows normal behavior, i.e. the heat absorption peak is narrow, proceeds to a single maximum, and has a well-defined start and finish temperature. On cooling, the delta ->gamma reversion displays very different thermal behavior: 1) large supercooling, 2) burst behavior (multiple heat release maxima), and 3) very broad temperature extent. The details of the delta ->gamma reversion are discussed, and a suggested mechanism for the origin of the burst behavior is described. The effects of heating/cooling rate on this transformation are explored, as well as the effects of this transformation on the lower temperature alpha-beta and beta-gamma solid-state transformations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwartz, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G721, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 591 EP 596 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEP97 UT WOS:000238838100060 ER PT B AU Hackenberg, RE Shiflet, GJ AF Hackenberg, R. E. Shiflet, G. J. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Influence of crystallography and solute partitioning on ferrite growth in steels SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE bainite; carbides; crystallography; diffusion; growth kinetics ID FE-C-MO; CONTROLLED PRECIPITATE GROWTH; PROEUTECTOID FERRITE; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; INCOMPLETE TRANSFORMATION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; ALLOYING ELEMENTS; TERNARY-SYSTEMS; X ALLOYS; MN ALLOY AB The slow austenite decomposition kinetics at/above the TTT start curve bay in Fe-C-M steels alloyed with carbide-forming elements M are explained in terms of the necessary M partitioning between ferrite and alloy carbides. The rate-controlling diffusive processes are further slowed by surface energy and non-equilibrium carbide compositions, which are estimated to tie up as much as 20% of the total driving force in Fe-0.24C-4Mo at its bay temperature. Prompted by Hultgren's 1947 hypothesis concerning bay formation, the question of if and how M partitions among the ferrite, austenite and/or carbide phases is applied to explain the relative locations of TTT start curves in this and other classes of low-carbon steels. such as Fe-C-Mn. In connection with the studies of ferrite+carbide growth behavior at/above the bay in Fe-C-Mo, the thickening kinetics of grain- and twin-boundary allotriomorphs is re-examined using 3D methods on bulk specimens. The surprising result is obtained whereby grain-boundary nucleated bainite thickens much faster than twin-boundary nucleated bainite. The thickening and metallographic results highlight the role that crystallography has, at the nucleation stage, in shaping the subsequent growth behavior of the allotriomorph. Observations of competitive growth of various ferrite orientations within an allotriomorphic aggregate raise questions of the validity of comparisons of diffusional growth models with experimental thickening results. Finally, aspects of the bamboo specimen method used for previous thickening kinetics measurements is re-evaluated using Fe-C. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hackenberg, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 17 EP 34 PG 18 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600002 ER PT B AU Hsiung, LL AF Hsiung, Luke L. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Spinodal decomposition and ordering transformation in U-6 wt% Nb SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat ID ALLOYS AB Phase stability and aging mechanisms in a water-quenched (WQ) U-6wt% Nb (WQ-U6Nb) alloy artificially aged at 200 degrees C (16 hours) and naturally aged at room temperature for 15 years have been investigated. Age hardening/softening phenomenon is recorded from the artificially aged samples by microhardness measurement. The age hardening can be readily rationalized by the occurrence of spinodal decomposition (or fine-scaled Nb segregation), which results in the formation of a modulated structure in the aged samples. Prolonged aging leads to age softening of the alloy by coarsening of the modulated structure. Disorder-order or chemical ordering transformation is found within the naturally aged alloy according to TEM observations of antiphase domain boundaries (APBs) and superlattice diffraction patients. The formation of a partially ordered phase in the naturally aged alloy is proposed and identified. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsiung, LL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-352, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600025 ER PT B AU Muralidharan, G Evans, ND Liu, KC Hemrick, JG Santella, ML Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Pankiw, RI AF Muralidharan, G. Evans, N. D. Liu, K. C. Hemrick, J. G. Santella, M. L. Maziasz, P. J. Sikka, V. K. Pankiw, R. I. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Precipitation and its effect on the creep properties of certain cast H-Series austenitic steels SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE austenitic stainless steels; thermodynamic calculations. creep properties; image analysis; electron microscopy ID STAINLESS-STEELS; MICROSTRUCTURE; NB AB H-Series austenitic steels are used extensively in several industries for a range of high-temperature applications. Good creep properties of these steels are vital for many such applications. The microstructure of these alloys consists of an austenitic matrix along with dispersions of carbides. This paper highlights the results of a study on the effect of precipitation of carbides on the creep properties of two HP-type alloys with different Nb-contents. Thermodynamic modeling, microstructural characterization, and mechanical property measurements were used to study the relationship between the precipitation of carbides and the creep properties of these two alloys. It was found that precipitation of M23C6 carbides played an important role in determining the creep properties of these alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Muralidharan, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011; OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 443 EP 448 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600056 ER PT B AU Foiles, SM Hoyt, JJ AF Foiles, Stephen M. Hoyt, Jeffrey J. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Computation of grain boundary stiffness and mobility from boundary fluctuations SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE grain boundary; stiffness; mobility; molecular dynamics ID SIMULATION; MIGRATION AB Grain boundary stiffness and mobility determine the kinetics of curvature driven grain growth. Here the stiffness and mobility are determined using a computational approach based on the analysis of fluctuations in the grain boundary position during molecular dynamics simulations. This work represents the first determination of brain boundary stiffness. The results indicate that the boundary stiffness for a given boundary plane has a strong dependence on the direction of the boundary distortion. The mobility deduced is in accord with previous computer simulation studies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Foiles, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 615 EP 620 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600073 ER PT B AU Muralidharan, G Weber, S Pollard, M Chen, H AF Muralidharan, G. Weber, Steve Pollard, Michael Chen, Haydn BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Coarsening of nanoscale coherent precipitates in Ni-Al-Si alloys SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE LSW theory; chemical effect; electron microscopy ID SOLID-SOLUTIONS AB Coarsening rates of nanoscale coherent gamma' precipitates in several alloys in the Ni-Al-Si system at 600 degrees C have been measured using transmission electron microscopy and image analysis. It was observed that the coarsening of these spherical precipitates can be adequately described by the LSW theory. The effects of compositions of the precipitate and the matrix along with that of the interdiffusion coefficients on the coarsening rates were quantified using current theories of coarsening in multi-component systems. Comparison of calculations with experimental results reveals anomalous coarsening rates of the nanoscale precipitates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Muralidharan, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 779 EP 784 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600091 ER PT B AU Tolley, A Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U AF Tolley, Alfredo Radmilovic, Velimir Dahmen, Ulrich BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Coarsening kinetics in Al-Sc-Zr alloys SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE Al alloys; coarsening; transmission electron microscopy ID PRECIPITATION; ALUMINUM; SCANDIUM; AL3SC AB We have investigated the coarsening kinetics of Al3X-type phases in binary Al-Sc and ternary Al-Sc-Zr alloys. Addition of Zr to binary Al-Sc is known to enhance the alloy's recrystallization resistance and hardness. This work uses transmission electron microscopy to examine the effect of Zr additions on the precipitation kinetics and morphology of Al-3(Sc,Zr) precipitates. Since Zr is soluble in Al3Sc, which is isostructural with Al3Zr, it is usually assumed that the precipitates in ternary Al-Sc-Zr are Al-3(Sc,Zr). In this study. we find coherent precipitates with Ll(2) structure and highly anisotropic shapes that consist of a core of Al3Sc surrounded by a thin shell of Al3Zr. The addition of Zr strongly modifies the size of the Ll(2) precipitates during aging by impeding the coarsening kinetics. The activation energy for coarsening was measured to be similar to 190kJ/mol for both Al-Sc and Al-Sc-Zr alloys. The reduced coarsening rate in the ternary alloy is apparently related to the interfacial energy between the Al matrix and the Al-3(Sc,Zr) precipitate. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tolley, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 785 EP 790 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600092 ER PT B AU Evans, ND Maziasz, PJ Truhan, JJ AF Evans, Neal D. Maziasz, Philip J. Truhan, John J. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Phase transformations during service aging of nickel based superalloy Pyromet 31V SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE nickel-base superalloy; precipitation; electron diffraction; analytical electron microscopy AB The general high-temperature and performance limitations of various critical exhaust components (e.g., exhaust valve. exhaust manifold, turbocharger housing) used in advanced natural gas reciprocating engine systems (ARES) are being investigated. These baseline data will then be used to identify cost-effective materials with greater temperature capability and performance for such components. In this study, exhaust valves manufactured from gamma Tougght Ni-based superalloy Pyromet 31V have been examined in both the as-manufactured (fresh) and engine-tested (2400 It of service) condition to discern the effects of lone term engine exposure. Service temperatures were estimated for the various valves at 650-700 degrees C. In the as manufactured condition, the base material of the valve can be described as having a gamma matrix that is strengthened by gamma' precipitates, with M23C6 carbides residing along grain boundaries and MC carbides present within the austenite. After service aging, the alloy is marked by coarsened gamma', increased M23C6 carbide precipitation in grain boundaries. MC carbides, and the precipitation of alpha-chromium laths within the austenite grains. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Evans, ND (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011; OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 809 EP 816 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600096 ER PT B AU Jaramillo, RA Babu, SS Miller, MK Ludtka, GM Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G Kisner, RA Wilgen, JB Bhadeshia, HKDH AF Jaramillo, R. A. Babu, S. S. Miller, M. K. Ludtka, G. M. Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G. Kisner, R. A. Wilgen, J. B. Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Investigation of austenite decomposition in high-carbon high-strength Fe-C-Si-Mn steel under 30 Tesla magnetic field SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE 30-tesla magnetic field; phase transformations in steel; bainite; pearlite ID CEMENTITE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jaramillo, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 873 EP 878 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600104 ER PT B AU Jaramillo, RA Ludtka, GM Kisner, RA Nicholson, DM Wilgen, JB Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G Bembridge, N Kalu, PN AF Jaramillo, R. A. Ludtka, G. M. Kisner, R. A. Nicholson, D. M. Wilgen, J. B. Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G. Bembridge, N. Kalu, P. N. BE Howe, JM Laughlin, DE Lee, JK Dahmen, U Soffa, WA TI Investigation of phase transformation kinetics and microstructural evolution in 1045 and 52100 steel under large magnetic fields SO Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2005) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASM Int, Centro Nacl Investigat Met, Ceram Soc Japan, Indian Inst Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Phys, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Inst Met, Korean Inst Met & Minerals, Mat Res Soc, Soc Francaise Met & Mat DE magnetic field; phase transformation; pearlite; martensite; steel ID STEEL AB Magnetic fields varying from ambient to 30 tesla were applied during austenite decomposition in 1045 and 52100 steels. Thermal recalescence due to the release of latent heat during austenite decomposition is observed in temperature measurements and provides an estimate of transformation temperatures. Microstructural analysis was performed using and electron microscopy along with microhardness measurements. The shift in transformation temperature was estimated at 3 degrees C/tesla which corresponds to an apparent free energy shift of 12.6 J/mol/tesla in 1045 steel. This shift in transformation temperature was accompanied by an increase in ferrite content. In 52100 steel, the magnetic field altered the transformation product from martensite to pearlite for a single cooling rate. This result indicates that the transformation mechanism can be selected by an applied magnetic field for a fixed cooling rate and alloy chemistry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jaramillo, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 893 EP 898 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEP95 UT WOS:000238836600107 ER PT S AU Li, YP Kolesnikov, AI Richardson, JW Zuo, CD Lee, TH Balachandran, U AF Li, YP Kolesnikov, AI Richardson, JW Zuo, CD Lee, TH Balachandran, U BE Knauth, P Masquelier, C Traversa, E Wachsman, ED TI Structure, proton incorporation and transport properties of ceramic proton conductor Ba(Ce0.7Zr0.2Yb0.1)O3-delta SO Solid State Ionics-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DOPED BACEO3; PEROVSKITES AB Dense ceramics with composition Ba(Ce0.7Zr0.2Yb0.1)O3-delta (BCZY) were synthesized by solid state reactions, and their structures were characterized by Rietveld refinements of time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction data collected for the samples at high-temperature and controlled atmospheres. The structure phase transition from orthorhombic Imma to cubic Pm3m was observed at the temperature between 500 and 700 degrees C and in flowing 100 ppm H-2/Ar gases. At 900 degrees C, the sample was subsequently exposed to different oxygen partial pressures (pO(2), ranging from similar to 10(-17) to similar to 10(-23) atm) and water vapor pressures (pH(2)O) up to similar to 0.18 atm. The expansion of lattice parameters of BCZY, instead of following the normally expected relationship with pO(2), was actually correlated with the increase of pH(2)O, implying proton incorporation into the structures. The presence of H-containing species in the structure was confirmed by comparing both inelastic neutron scattering spectra and neutron diffraction data collected for dry and "wet" samples at 10 K. The observed vibrational peaks at 104 and 150 meV and absence of a peak around 420 meV indicate the hydrogen occupation in the structure but the absence of any hydroxyl groups (hydrogen covalently bonded to oxygen). Electrical conductivities of BCZY were investigated at different temperatures in both dry and wet conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-783-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 835 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BCG08 UT WOS:000229184100008 ER PT S AU Lee, TH Harder, BJ Zuo, C Dorris, SE Balachandran, U AF Lee, TH Harder, BJ Zuo, C Dorris, SE Balachandran, U BE Knauth, P Masquelier, C Traversa, E Wachsman, ED TI Preparation and hydrogen pumping characteristics of BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-delta thin film SO Solid State Ionics-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA ID PROTONIC CONDUCTORS; PERMEATION; MEMBRANES; SRCEO3 AB Thin films of BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-delta (BCY) were prepared by colloidal spray deposition. Dense, crack-free BCY films having a grain size of 2-7 mu m were successfully deposited on NiO/BCY substrates. Electrochemical hydrogen pumping with the BCY films showed that the maximum current density increased with temperature. The maximum current density was sensitive to the moisture in the cathode gas; the value obtained with a dry cathode gas was only half that with a wet cathode gas. A very high hydrogen-pumping current density of 3.4 A/cm(2) was measured at 700 degrees C with an applied voltage of 1.5 V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, TH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-783-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 835 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BCG08 UT WOS:000229184100017 ER PT S AU Song, SJ Lee, TH Chen, L Zuo, C Dorris, SE Balachandran, U AF Song, SJ Lee, TH Chen, L Zuo, C Dorris, SE Balachandran, U BE Knauth, P Masquelier, C Traversa, E Wachsman, ED TI Electrical and hydrogen transport properties of SrCe0.8Yb0.2O3-delta/Ni cermet membranes SO Solid State Ionics-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA ID SRCE0.95EU0.05O3-DELTA; CONDUCTORS; OXIDES AB Research on hydrogen separation membranes is motivated by the increasing demand for an environmentally benign, inexpensive technology for separating hydrogen from gas mixtures. Although most studies of hydrogen separation membranes have focused on proton-conducting oxides by themselves, the addition of metal to these oxides increases their hydrogen permeability and improves their mechanical stability. This study began by determining the electrical and hydrogen permeation properties of SrCe0.8Yb0.2O3-delta (SCYb). The results showed that the hydrogen permeation rate is limited by electron flow at the investigated temperatures (600 - 900 degrees C). To further enhance hydrogen permeability, a cermet (i.e., ceramic-metal composite) membrane was made by adding Ni to the SCYb. The cermet showed no phase change after sintering in a reducing atmosphere. At 900 degrees C, with 20% H-2 /balance He as a feed gas (pH(2)O = 0.03 atm), the hydrogen permeation rate was 0.113 cm(3)/min-cm(2) for Ni/SCYb (0.43-mm thick) and 0.008 cm(3)/min-cm(2) for SCYb (0.7-mm thick). The dependences of hydrogen permeability on temperature, thickness, and hydrogen partial pressure gradients are also determined. The results demonstrate that adding Ni to SCYb considerably increases its hydrogen permeability by increasing its electron conductivity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Song, SJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-783-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 835 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BCG08 UT WOS:000229184100018 ER PT S AU Saraf, L Matson, DW Young, JS Wang, CM Thevuthasan, S AF Saraf, L Matson, DW Young, JS Wang, CM Thevuthasan, S BE Knauth, P Masquelier, C Traversa, E Wachsman, ED TI Growth of ceria-zirconia electrolyte nanostructures with high interface density by using sol-gel/GLAD combination SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2004 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA ID FUEL-CELL; TECHNOLOGIES; CEO2 AB We report a process for the successful incorporation of ceria in to yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) columnar nanostructures grown by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique, resulting in high interface density columnar nanostructures. The incorporation of ceria into YSZ columns is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in a cross sectional geometry with in-situ analysis of elemental x-ray mapping technique and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). Controlled engineering Of Such nanostructures is potentially important in the future development of high efficiency solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. The challenges and advantages of this process are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-783-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 835 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BCG08 UT WOS:000229184100030 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Tischendorf, BC Brow, RK AF Alam, TM Tischendorf, BC Brow, RK TI Htigh-speed H-1 MAS NMR investigations of the weathered surface of a phosphate glass SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; SILICATE-GLASSES; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; WATER; DISSOLUTION; SPECTRA AB Solid-state high-speed H-1 MAS NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the weathered surface of a potassium aluminum phosphate (KAP) glass exposed to a humid environment (30K(2)O . 10Al(2)O(3) . 60P(2)O(5), mol%). Through the combination of spin-spin rela:cation and double quantum (DQ) filtering it was possible to resolve seven or eight different proton environments within the weathered surface of the KAP glass. Two-dimensional (2D) DQ and 2D NOESY NMR correlation experiments were performed to probe the spatial proximity of these different proton species. These H-1-H-1 correlation experiments helped confirm the spectral assignments. The analysis of these different H-1 environments provides additional information about the chemical processes that occur at the weathered glass surface. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biomol & Chem Sensing, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Missouri, Ceram Engn Dept, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biomol & Chem Sensing, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2004.08.006 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 882RC UT WOS:000225955000012 PM 15589731 ER PT J AU Smirnov, IV Babain, VA Shadrin, AY Efremova, TI Bondarenko, NA Herbst, RS Peterman, DR Todd, TA AF Smirnov, IV Babain, VA Shadrin, AY Efremova, TI Bondarenko, NA Herbst, RS Peterman, DR Todd, TA TI Extraction of americium and europium by diphosphine dioxides and their mixtures with chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; SEPARATION; ACTINIDES; STRONTIUM AB Extraction of Am and Eu using mixtures of diphosphine dioxides (DPDO, e.g., (R-1)(2)P(O)(CH2)(n)P(O)(R-2)(2) where R-1, R-2 = Ph, Bu; n = 1,2), with and without chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (CCD) in the polar diluents 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), meta-nitrobenzotrifluoride (F-3), bis-tetrafluoropropyl ether of diethylene glycol (F-8) and phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone (FS-13) from HNO3, HClO4, LiNO3 and LiClO4 solutions has been investigated. The anomalous aryl strengthening (AAS) effect, i.e. the anomalous increase of extraction ability of methylene bridged diphosphine dioxides due to substitution of aromatic (i.e., phenyl) for alkyl (e.g., butyl or octyl) moieties (D-Am increases by three to four orders of magnitude), is only observed during the extraction of Am and Eu from acidic media. In salt media the AAS effect is weakly observed, and is practically absent in such diluents as F-3 and FS-13. The extraction isotherm in the case of DPDO with an observed AAS effect indicates the distribution coefficients of Eu decrease by a factor of two to three, even at the concentration ratio of DPDO:Eu = 50:1; however, these values decrease only by 10% for the DPDO that do not indicate an observed AAS effect. It is proposed that the presence of water in the diluent is necessary for manifestation of the AAS effect. The synergistic effects of adding chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (CCD) with the DPDO that has been reported for other systems was also found to prevail in several of the systems investigated in this study. Oil addition of CCD with the DPDO, a considerable synergistic effect is observed (D-Am increases by three to four orders of magnitude) during Am and Eu extraction from nitrate media. In perchlorate media the synergistic effect is absent. The most probable reason for synergism in the presence of CCD is the higher hydrophobicity of the CCD anion as compared to the nitrate anion. The results of this work will be of utility in understanding existing and developing new extraction systems designed for the simultaneous removal of multiple radionuclides from acidic streams. C1 VG Khlopin Radium Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Smirnov, IV (reprint author), VG Khlopin Radium Inst, 28 2nd Murinsky Ave, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016 OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1081/SEI-200044381 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 894FE UT WOS:000226775200001 ER PT J AU Delmau, LH Lefranc, TJ Bonnesen, PV Bryan, JC Presley, DJ Moyer, BA AF Delmau, LH Lefranc, TJ Bonnesen, PV Bryan, JC Presley, DJ Moyer, BA TI Fundamental studies regarding synergism between calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) and alcohol modifiers in the solvent extraction of cesium nitrate SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID ANION SOLVATION PROPERTIES; PROTIC SOLVENTS; TANK WASTE; 3RD PHASE; SYSTEMS; CROWN; 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE; REMOVAL AB This work emphasizes the crucial role of polar solvating molecules known as phase modifiers in solvent-extraction systems. The focus of these studies was the extraction of cesium by calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) in dodecane modified with various lipophilic alcohols. Results of equilibrium modeling are consistent with aggregation of the alcohol molecules with each other and with the calixarene-cesium nitrate complexes. These modeling results are supported by electrospray mass spectrometry experiments, clearly showing the alcohol:anion adducts containing several alcohol molecules. They are also supported by crystallographic evidence showing the existence of a hexameric aggregate in the solid state for a derivative of one of the alcohol modifiers used for solvent extraction, in agreement with the species giving the best modeling results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Chem Separat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Delmau, LH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Chem Separat Grp, POB 2008,MS-6119, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 23 EP 57 DI 10.1081/SEI-200044379 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 894FE UT WOS:000226775200002 ER PT J AU Law, JD Herbst, RS Peterman, DR Todd, TA Romanovskiy, VN Babain, VA Smirnov, IV AF Law, JD Herbst, RS Peterman, DR Todd, TA Romanovskiy, VN Babain, VA Smirnov, IV TI Development of a regenerable strip reagent for treatment of acidic, radioactive waste with cobalt dicarbollide-based solvent extraction processes SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE actinide extraction; Cs extraction; Sr extraction; methylamine carbonate; chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide; PEG-400; UNEX process ID UNEX PROCESS; STRONTIUM; SEPARATION; ACTINIDES; CESIUM AB A regenerable methylamine carbonate (MAC)/diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) strip solution has been developed, as a collaborative effort between the Khlopin Radium Institute (KRI) and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), for the stripping of actinides, lanthanides, Cs, and Sr from cobalt dicarbollide-based solvent extraction processes. Methodology and experimental results of developing this strip reagent and a distillation method for regeneration of the resulting strip solution are presented. Additionally, countercurrent flowsheet testing of the Universal Solvent Extraction (UNEX) process, using 26 stages of 3.3 cm diameter centrifugal contactors, has been performed at the INEEL using dissolved pilot plant calcine and this regenerable strip solution. Results of stripping Cs, Sr, actinides, and lanthanides from the UNEX solvent with a MAC + DTPA strip solution that was freshly prepared and that has been regenerated are presented. Overall results of the flowsheet test are also presented. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. VG Khlopin Radium Inst, St Petersburg 197022, Russia. RP Law, JD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016; OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950; Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 59 EP 83 DI 10.1081/SEI-200044377 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 894FE UT WOS:000226775200003 ER PT J AU Hassan, NM Adu-Wusu, K AF Hassan, NM Adu-Wusu, K TI Cesium removal from Hanford tank waste solution using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE cesium; resorcinol-formaldehyde; Hanford; tank waste ID ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; METAL-IONS; EQUILIBRIUM; ABSORPTION AB Experiments with Hanford actual waste sample from Tank 241-AW-101 and resorcinol-formaldehyde resin demonstrated that up to 208BV of cesium (Cs-137) can be removed in a single-pass through an ion exchange column before a 50% breakthrough occurs. This loading performance for the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin was better than that previously obtained for the baseline resin (SuperLig (R) 644) under the same experimental conditions. The elution of the resorcinol- formaldehyde resin with 0.5M HNO3 was effective requiring only 16.5BV to elute 99% of the cesium (i.e. C/Co value < 0.01) loaded on the column. The peak concentration for Cs-137 occurred between 4 and 6 BV with concentration approximately 100 times that of the feed. The metal ions found in the eluate solution above their detection limits were Al, B, Ca, Cs, Na, and Si. Nitrate was the only anion detected and Pu-238, Pu-239/240, and U were slightly enriched in the eluate solution. Large sample dilutions prevented the detection of other species. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hassan, NM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM neguib.hassan@srs.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1081/SEI-200056519 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 933PV UT WOS:000229646300005 ER PT J AU Riddle, CL Baker, JD Law, JD McGrath, CA Meikrantz, DH Mincher, BJ Peterman, DR Todd, TA AF Riddle, CL Baker, JD Law, JD McGrath, CA Meikrantz, DH Mincher, BJ Peterman, DR Todd, TA TI Fission product extraction FPEX): Development of a novel solvent for the simultaneous separation of strontium and cesium from acidic solutions SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE calixarene; cesium; crown ether; FPEX; strontium ID WASTE STREAMS; CROWN-ETHERS; DICYCLOHEXANO-18-CROWN-6; 1,3-ALTERNATE; COMPLEXATION; REMOVAL; NITRATE AB A synergistic extraction solvent for the simultaneous removal of cesium and strontium from acidic solutions has been investigated. The extraction solvent consists of, 4,4',(5')-di-(t-butyldicyclo-hexano)-18-crown-6 ( DtBuCH18C6), calix[ 4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) (BOBCalixC6), and 1-(2,2,3,3- tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4sec- butylphenoxy)-2-propanol (Cs-7SB modifier) in a branched aliphatic kerosene (Isopar (R) L). Extraction synergy for strontium was observed when DtBuCH18C6 was combined with the BOBCalixC6 cesium extractant solvent and Cs-7SB modifier or if the Cs-7SB modifier was substituted into the SREX ( Strontium Extraction) solvent in place of TBP. The novel process extracted both cesium and strontium simultaneously from 1M nitric acid solutions with distribution ratios of 8.8 and 7.7 for strontium and cesium, respectively, at ambient temperature. Distribution coefficients for cesium and strontium as a function of nitric acid concentration and temperature were also obtained with 0.5M < [HNO3] < 2.5M giving favorable distribution ratios. This new process utilizing the combined solvent has been named the Fission Product Extraction Process ( FPEX). C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Riddle, CL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM catherine.riddle@inl.gov RI McGrath, Christopher/E-8995-2013; Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016; Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017; OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950; Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542; Riddle, Catherine/0000-0002-9667-7707 NR 18 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 449 EP 461 DI 10.1081/SEI-200058035 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 933PV UT WOS:000229646300011 ER PT J AU Winne, CT Dorcas, ME Poppy, SM AF Winne, CT Dorcas, ME Poppy, SM TI Population structure, body size, and seasonal activity of black swamp snakes (Seminatrix pygaea) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID 2 NATRICINE SNAKES; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; ISOLATED WETLANDS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; AUSTRALIA; BIOLOGY; DROUGHT; COSTS AB We examined the ecology of a Black Swamp Snake (Seminatrix pygaea) population inhabiting an isolated wetland in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. The observed population structure was skewed towards mature individuals, with neonates and juveniles underrepresented, perhaps due to trapping bias. The sex ratio was biased during May and June, with females outnumbering males, but no sex ratio bias was evident at other times of the year. Seminatrix pygaea showed sexual dimorphism in body size, with females being longer and heavier than males and males having relatively longer tails than females, but there was no difference in monthly growth rates. Approximately 76.3% of the mature females captured in May and June 1998 were pregnant. Therefore, most mature females in this population probably exhibit annual reproduction, while some undergo biennial reproduction. The majority of females gave birth in July or August, with a few births occurring in September and October, and perhaps even as early as May or June. Our mark-recapture estimates suggest a population density greater than 60 adult snakes per hectare, which indicates this small aquatic snake, endemic to the Southeast, may play a large role as both predator and prey within isolated wetland ecosystems. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. RP Winne, CT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM winne@srel.edu NR 40 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0001:PSBSAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917UV UT WOS:000228495600001 ER PT J AU Fokidis, HB Risch, TS AF Fokidis, HB Risch, TS TI The use of nest boxes to sample arboreal vertebrates SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; GLAUCOMYS-VOLANS; NATURAL CAVITIES; BREEDING ECOLOGY; TREE SWALLOWS; CLUTCH-SIZE; SUCCESS; BIRDS; FLYCATCHER; LIMITATION AB Tree cavities are rarely incorporated into surveys of forest ecosystem biodiversity, due to difficultly in their systematic sampling. We examined the feasibility of using southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans Thomas) nest boxes for monitoring arboreal vertebrates at 11 sites within the Savannah River Site, SC. We recorded 3130 vertebrates of 11 species (3 mammals, 3 birds, 5 reptiles) using nest boxes for nesting, roosting, and foraging. G. volans represented the majority of these with 3019 individuals, but flying squirrel occupancy did not affect occupancy of boxes by other species. Upland hardwood forests had the most species that used boxes; however, due to uneven sampling, nest boxes placed in dense-canopy plantations detected the most species per box. We conclude that nest boxes are a useful means of surveying for cavity-dwelling species. We recommend a protocol that uses different size nest boxes at varying heights to accurately survey a traditionally under-sampled component of forest ecosystems, those species using tree cavities. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Fokidis, HB (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, POB 599, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM bfokidis@astate.edu RI Fokidis, Bobby/I-8366-2015 OI Fokidis, Bobby/0000-0003-2386-4066 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0447:TUONBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 972OL UT WOS:000232463000006 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Hopkins, LB Eldridge, CS Brisbin, IL Jagoe, CH AF Bryan, AL Hopkins, LB Eldridge, CS Brisbin, IL Jagoe, CH TI Behavior and food habits at a bald eagle nest in inland South Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA; RATES AB Parental behavior and prey deliveries at a Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nest were monitored (628 observation hours) during three breeding attempts from 1997-1999 at a nest in inland south-central South Carolina. Attendance patterns varied between adults and among breeding attempts, with reduced attendance and incubation observed during a failed attempt. During the three nesting attempts, the female was most often in attendance and incubated more than the male. The eagle pair averaged approximately 4 foraging trips per day during the successful 1997 season, but only 3 trips per day during the 1999 season. Fish and waterfowl comprised 56% and 34% of diet in 1997, respectively, with largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) the major fish prey and American Coots (Fulica americana) the major avian prey. Fish (primarily bass and sunfish) comprised 91% of the diet in 1999. Later nesting and reduced waterfowl populations may have contributed to increased fish prey in 1999. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM bryan@srel.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0459:BAFHAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 972OL UT WOS:000232463000007 ER PT J AU Tuberville, TD Willson, JD Dorcas, ME Gibbons, JW AF Tuberville, TD Willson, JD Dorcas, ME Gibbons, JW TI Herpetofaunal species richness of southeastern national parks SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED WETLANDS; AMPHIBIANS; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB The Southeast is the stronghold of US herpetofaunal biodiversity and comprises approximately half of the nation's species of amphibians and reptiles, of which about 20% are endemic. However, few areas have been inventoried, thus hampering efforts to monitor and protect populations. We conducted 2-year herpeto-logical inventories of 16 parks within the National Park Service's Southeast Coast Network. We used a wide variety of standard field techniques to document species occurrences and augmented our collecting records with historical data from museums, published literature, and personal collections. We documented the presence of 123 native species of amphibians and reptiles at the 16 parks, with numbers of species ranging between 6 and 64 per park. Many southeastern parks support rich assemblages of herpetofauna. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. RP Tuberville, TD (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM tuberville@srel.edu NR 55 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 537 EP 569 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0537:HSROSN]2.0.CO;2 PG 33 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 972OL UT WOS:000232463000016 ER PT S AU Kearsley, AT Graham, GA Burchell, MJ Taylor, EA Drolshagen, G Chater, RJ McPhail, D AF Kearsley, AT Graham, GA Burchell, MJ Taylor, EA Drolshagen, G Chater, RJ McPhail, D BE Anselmo, L TI MULPEX: A compact multi-layered polymer foil collector for micrometeoroids and orbital debris SO SPACE DEBRIS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Meeting on Space Debris held at the 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 22-24, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP European Space Agcy, Int Acad Astronaut, Int Astronaut Federat, Int Astron Union, UN Off Outer Space Affairs DE space debris; micrometeroids; low Earth orbit; particle collector; MULPEX; multi-layer polymer foil ID LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; SPACE DEBRIS; AEROGEL; PARTICLES; MASTER-99; RESIDUES; STARDUST; FEATURES; CAPTURE AB Detailed studies of preserved hypervelocity impact residues on spacecraft multi-layer insulation foils have yielded important information about the flux of small particles from different sources in low-Earth orbit (LEO). We have extended our earlier research on impacts occurring in LEO to design and testing of a compact capture device. MUlti-Layer Polymer EXperiment (MULPEX) is simple, cheap to build, lightweight, of no power demand, easy to deploy, and optimised for the efficient collection of impact residue for analysis on return to Earth. The capture medium is a stack of very thin (8 and 40 mu m) polyimide foils, supported on polytetrafluoroethylene sheet frames, surrounded by a protective aluminium casing. The uppermost foil has a very thin metallic coating for thermal protection and resistance to atomic oxygen and ultra-violet exposure. The casing provides a simple detachable interface for deployment on the spacecraft, facing into the desired direction for particle collection. On return to the laboratory, the stacked foils are separated for examination in a variable pressure scanning electron microscope, without need for surface coating. Analysis of impact residue is performed using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers. Our laboratory experiments, utilising buck-shot firings of analogues to micrometeoroids (35-38 mu m olivine) and space debris (4 mu m alumina and 1 mm stainless steel) in a light gas gun, have shown that impact residue is abundant within the foil layers, and preserves a record of the impacting particle, whether of micrometer or millimetre dimensions. Penetrations of the top foil are easily recognised, and act as a proxy for dimensions of the penetrating particle. Impact may cause disruption and melting, but some residue retains sufficient crystallographic structure to show clear Raman lines, diagnostic of the original mineral. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat Sci, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Kearsley, AT (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM antk@nhm.ac.uk OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1270 EP 1281 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.030 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDA59 UT WOS:000232300700009 ER PT S AU Friedberg, W Copeland, K Duke, FE Darden, EB AF Friedberg, W Copeland, K Duke, FE Darden, EB BE Smart, DF Worgul, BV TI Annual effective dose of ionizing radiation from natural sources: United States based airline pilots compared with non-flying residents of the United States SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: AIRCRAFT AND SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE ionizing radiation; pilots; cancer AB An increased risk of fatal cancer from exposure to ionizing radiation is a health concern for airline pilots. This concern may be unjustified for most US pilots because: (a) for the majority of US pilots on 6825 flights, the annual effective dose of ionizing radiation from natural sources (on and off the job) is less than the annual effective dose to non-flying residents of Environmental Protection Agency Region 8 - a six state region in the US where the effective dose to non-flying residents from natural sources is 84% higher than that received by non-flying residents of the US as a whole - and (b) the death rate from cancer in the states in Region 8 ranges from 3% to 26% lower than the average death rate from cancer in the entire US. If epidemiological studies clearly indicate that airline pilots as a group are at an increased risk of developing fatal cancer, perhaps other factors in addition to ionizing radiation are involved. Another possibility is that the method of calculating the radiation dose received during air travel needs reevaluation. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 FAA, Civil Aerosp Med Inst, Oklahoma City, OK 73169 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Friedberg, W (reprint author), FAA, Civil Aerosp Med Inst, 6500 S MacArthur Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73169 USA. EM wallace.friedberg@faa.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 9 SI 2005 BP 1653 EP 1656 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.034 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDT67 UT WOS:000235249300006 ER PT S AU Durante, M Kronenberg, A AF Durante, M Kronenberg, A BE Hei, TK Miller, J TI Ground-based research with heavy ions for space radiation protection SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: GROUND-BASED IRON-ION BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS, INCLUDING SHIELDING SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE space radiation; accelerators; iron ions; fragmentation ID MICROGRAVITY; RADIOBIOLOGY; REPAIR AB Human exposure to ionizing radiation is one of the acknowledged potential showstoppers for long duration manned interplanetary missions. Human exploratory missions cannot be safely performed without a substantial reduction of the uncertainties associated with different space radiation health risks, and the development of effective countermeasures. Most of our knowledge of the biological effects of heavy charged particles comes from accelerator-based experiments. During the 35th COSPAR meeting, recent ground-based experiments with high-energy iron ions were discussed, and these results are briefly summarised in this paper. High-quality accelerator-based research with heavy ions will continue to be the main source of knowledge of space radiation health effects and will lead to reductions of the uncertainties in predictions of human health risks. Efforts in materials science, nutrition and pharmaceutical sciences and their rigorous evaluation with biological model systems in ground-based accelerator experiments will lead to the development of safe and effective countermeasures to permit human exploration of the Solar System. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Biophys, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Durante, M (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, Monte S Angelo,Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM durante@na.infn.it RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 18 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.034 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BCO31 UT WOS:000230402100002 PM 15934192 ER PT S AU Walker, SA Tweed, J Wilson, JW Cucinotta, FA Tripathi, RK Blattnig, S Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L Miller, J AF Walker, SA Tweed, J Wilson, JW Cucinotta, FA Tripathi, RK Blattnig, S Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L Miller, J BE Hei, TK Miller, J TI Validation of the HZETRN code for laboratory exposures with 1A GeV iron ions in several targets SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: GROUND-BASED IRON-ION BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS, INCLUDING SHIELDING SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE ion transport; high charge and energy ions; Boltzmann's equation; Green's function ID MEV/NUCLEON FE-56; CROSS-SECTIONS; FRAGMENTATION; PROPAGATION; MODEL AB A new version of the HZETRN code capable of validation with HZE ions in either the laboratory or the space environment is under development. The computational model consists of the lowest order asymptotic approximation followed by a Neumann series expansion with non-perturbative corrections. The physical description includes energy loss with straggling, nuclear attenuation, nuclear fragmentation with energy dispersion and downshift. Measurements to test the model were performed at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron and the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory with iron ions. Surviving beam particles and produced fragments were measured with solid-state detectors. Beam analysis software has been written to relate the computational results to the measured energy loss spectra of the incident ions for rapid validation of modeled target transmission functions. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tweed, J (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Hampton Bvld, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jtweed@odu.edu RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.077 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BCO31 UT WOS:000230402100005 PM 15934195 ER PT S AU Aiginger, H Andersen, V Ballarini, F Battistoni, G Campanella, M Carboni, M Cerutti, F Empl, A Enghardt, W Fasso, A Ferrari, A Gadioli, E Garzelli, MV Lee, K Ottolenghi, A Parodi, K Pelliccioni, M Pinsky, L Ranft, J Roesler, S Sala, PR Scannicchio, D Smirnov, G Sommerer, F Wilson, T Zapp, N AF Aiginger, H Andersen, V Ballarini, F Battistoni, G Campanella, M Carboni, M Cerutti, F Empl, A Enghardt, W Fasso, A Ferrari, A Gadioli, E Garzelli, MV Lee, K Ottolenghi, A Parodi, K Pelliccioni, M Pinsky, L Ranft, J Roesler, S Sala, PR Scannicchio, D Smirnov, G Sommerer, F Wilson, T Zapp, N BE Hei, TK Miller, J TI The FLUKA code: New developments and application to 1 GeV/n iron beams SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: GROUND-BASED IRON-ION BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS, INCLUDING SHIELDING SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE Monte Carlo simulations; heavy ion interactions; therapeutic beams; space dosimetry ID PET AB The modeling of ion transport and interactions in matter is a subject of growing interest, driven by the continuous increase of possible application fields. These include hadron therapy, dosimetry, and space missions, but there are also several issues involving fundamental research, accelerator physics, and cosmic ray physics, where a reliable description of heavy ion induced cascades is important. In the present work, the capabilities of the FLUKA code for ion beams will be briefly recalled and some recent developments presented. Applications of the code to the simulation of therapeutic carbon, nitrogen and oxygen ion beams, and of iron beams, which are of direct interest for space mission related experiments, will be also presented together with interesting consideration relative to the evaluation of dosimetric quantities. Both applications involve ion beams in the AGeV range. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. INFM, Milan, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. SLAC, Stanford, CA USA. Univ Siegen, Siegen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. Tech Univ Vienna, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. NASA, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Ferrari, A (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM alfredo.ferrari@cern.ch RI Garzelli, Maria Vittoria/G-8055-2011; sala, paola/E-2868-2013; Ballarini, Francesca/J-7293-2013; Battistoni, Giuseppe/B-5264-2012; OI sala, paola/0000-0001-9859-5564; Ballarini, Francesca/0000-0002-6629-3382; Battistoni, Giuseppe/0000-0003-3484-1724; Carboni, Massimo/0000-0003-4296-3799 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.090 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BCO31 UT WOS:000230402100007 PM 15934197 ER PT S AU La Tessa, C Guetersloh, S Heilbronn, L Miller, J Sihver, L Zeitlin, C AF La Tessa, C Guetersloh, S Heilbronn, L Miller, J Sihver, L Zeitlin, C BE Hei, TK Miller, J TI Fragmentation of 1 GeV/nucleon iron ions in thick targets relevant for space exploration SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: GROUND-BASED IRON-ION BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS, INCLUDING SHIELDING SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE nuclear fragmentation; space environment; radioprotection; iron projectile AB We have measured charged nuclear fragments produced by 1 GeV/nucleon 56 Fe ions interacting with aluminium, polyethylene and lead. These materials are relevant for assessment of radiation risk for manned space flight. The data will be presented in a form suitable for comparison with models of nuclear fragmentation and transport, including linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum, fluence for iron and fragments, event-tack- and even t-dose-averaged LET, total dose and iron contribution to dose. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41269 Gothenburg, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Roanoke Coll, Salem, VA 24153 USA. RP La Tessa, C (reprint author), Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41269 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM chiara@chem.chalmers.se RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BCO31 UT WOS:000230402100008 PM 15934198 ER PT S AU Worgul, BV Smilenov, L Brenner, DJ Vazquez, M Hall, EJ AF Worgul, BV Smilenov, L Brenner, DJ Vazquez, M Hall, EJ BE Hei, TK Miller, J TI Mice heterozygous for the ATM gene are more sensitive to both X-ray and heavy ion exposure than are wildtypes SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: GROUND-BASED IRON-ION BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS, INCLUDING SHIELDING SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE heavy ions; X-rays; radiation cataract; ATM heterozygotes; radiation sensitivity; HZE particles ID FEMALE BREAST-CANCER; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; CATARACT ENHANCEMENT; DOSE FRACTIONATION; IRON IONS; RADIATION; PARTICLES; LENS; MUTATIONS AB Previous studies have shown that the eyes of ATM heterozygous mice exposed to low-LET radiation (X-rays) are significantly more susceptible to the development of cataracts than are those of wildtype mice. The findings, as well as others, run counter to the assumption underpinning current radiation safety guidelines, that individuals are all equally sensitive to the biological effects of radiation. A question, highly relevant to human space activities is whether or not, in similar fashion there may exist a genetic predisposition to high-LET radiation damage. Mice haplodeficient for the ATM gene and wildtypes were exposed to 325 mGy of 1 GeV/amu Fe-56 ions at the AGS facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory. The fluence was equivalent to I ion per lens epithelial cell nuclear area. Controls consisted of irradiated wildtype as well as unirradiated wildtype and heterozygous mice. Prevalence analyses for stage 0.5-3.0 cataracts indicated that not only cataract onset but also progression were accelerated in the mice haplo-deficient for the ATM gene. The data show that beterozygosity for the ATM gene predisposes the eye to the cataractogenic influence of heavy ions and suggest that ATM heterozygotes in the human population may also be radiosensitive. This may have to be considered in the selection of individuals who will be exposed to both HZE particles and low-LET radiation as they may be predisposed to increased late normal tissue damage. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Columbia Univ, Eye Radiat & Environm Res Lab, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Med, Upton, NY USA. RP Worgul, BV (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Eye Radiat & Environm Res Lab, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM bvwl@columbia.edu NR 22 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.030 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BCO31 UT WOS:000230402100013 PM 15934203 ER PT J AU Barthelmy, SD Barbier, LM Cummings, JR Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, HA Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, A Sato, G Suzuki, M Takahashi, T Tashiro, M Tueller, J AF Barthelmy, SD Barbier, LM Cummings, JR Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, HA Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, A Sato, G Suzuki, M Takahashi, T Tashiro, M Tueller, J TI The burst alert telescope (BAT) on the Swift MIDEX mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE gamma-ray; GRB; hard X-ray; survey; burst; afterglow; CZT; coded aperture; astrophysics; cosmology ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 28 FEBRUARY 1997 AB The burst alert telescope (BAT) is one of three instruments on the Swift MIDEX spacecraft to study gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The BAT first detects the GRB and localizes the burst direction to an accuracy of 1-4 arcmin within 20s after the start of the event. The GRB trigger initiates an autonomous spacecraft slew to point the two narrow field-of-view (FOV) instruments at the burst location within 20-70 s so to make follow-up X-ray and optical observations. The BAT is a wide-FOV, coded-aperture instrument with a CdZnTe detector plane. The detector plane is composed of 32,768 pieces of CdZnTe (4x4x2 mm), and the coded-aperture mask is composed of similar to 52,000 pieces of lead (5x5x1 mm) with a 1-m separation between mask and detector plane. The BAT operates over the 15-150 keV energy range with similar to 7 keV resolution, a sensitivity of similar to 10(-8) ergg s(-1) cm(-2), and a 1.4 sr (half-coded) FOV. We expect to detect >100 GRBs/year for a 2-year mission. The BAT also performs an all-sky hard X-ray survey with a sensitivity of similar to 2 m Crab (systematic limit) and it serves as a hard X-ray transient monitor. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Barthelmy, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM scott@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012; Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012 NR 9 TC 811 Z9 814 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2005 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s11214-005-5096-3 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 011PM UT WOS:000235280600002 ER PT S AU Reid, RS Sena, JT Nehrbauer, JP AF Reid, RS Sena, JT Nehrbauer, JP BE ElGenk, MS TI Sodium compatibility tests of MA-ODS 754 and MA-ODS 956 alloys SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Nickel based MA-ODS 754 and iron based MA-ODS 956 alloys were evaluated in a refluxing sodium environment. These materials possess properties such as high temperature creep strength and corrosion resistance that are potentially suitable for alkali metal heat pipes in planetary or deep space probes. The construction of reflux capsules made of these materials is described and the results of tests conducted in air are reported. The MA-ODS 956 capsule had limited life, attributed in part, to the presence of aluminum as an alloy constituent. The MA-ODS 754 capsule continued to operate normally after 5,500 hours at 940 degrees C, 18 W/cm(2) evaporator radial heat flux, and 862 W/cm(2) axial heat flux at the evaporator exit. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reid, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 164 EP 170 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400020 ER PT S AU Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF AF Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF BE ElGenk, MS TI Environmental resistance in the Mars atmosphere SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID OXIDATION; PRESSURE; ALLOYS; AIR AB The atmosphere of Mars is similar to 6mbar of total pressure (compared to similar to 1 bar on Earth) and 95%CO2. Thermodynamic calculations have been made of the partial pressure of oxygen as a function of temperature assuming various impurities in the remaining 5%. These oxygen pressures are sufficient to oxidize most common metals in the 900-1300K range. Therefore, oxidation resistance will be a concern for materials of construction in a high temperature fission reactor on Mars. An additional environmental resistance consideration is internal carburization during exposures in CO2. The effect of low pressure CO2 exposures on the mechanical properties of austenitic alloys is being investigated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400033 ER PT S AU Lipinski, RJ Wright, SA Dorsey, DJ Peters, CD Brown, N Williamson, J Jablonski, J AF Lipinski, RJ Wright, SA Dorsey, DJ Peters, CD Brown, N Williamson, J Jablonski, J BE ElGenk, MS TI A gas-cooled-reactor closed-Brayton-cycle demonstration with nuclear heating SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB A gas-cooled reactor may be coupled directly to turbomachinery to form a closed-Brayton-cycle (CBC) system in which the CBC working fluid serves as the reactor coolant. Such a system has the potential to be a very simple and robust space-reactor power system. Gas-cooled reactors have been built and operated in the past, but very few have been coupled directly to the turbomachinery in this fashion. In this paper we describe the option for testing such a system with a small reactor and turbomachinery at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia currently operates the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) at steady-state powers up to 4 MW and has an adjacent facility with heavy shielding in which another reactor recently operated. Sandia also has a closed-Brayton-cycle test bed with a converted commercial turbomachinery unit that is rated for up to 30 We of power. It is proposed to construct a small experimental gas-cooled reactor core and attach this via ducting to the CBC turbomachinery for cooling and electricity production. Calculations suggest that such a unit could produce about 20 kWe, which would be a good power level for initial surface power units on the Moon or Mars. The intent of this experiment is to demonstrate the stable start-up and operation of such a system. Of particular interest is the effect of a negative temperature power coefficient as the initially cold Brayton gas passes through the core during startup or power changes. Sandia's dynamic model for such a system would be compared with the performance data. This paper describes the neutronics, heat transfer, and cycle dynamics of this proposed system. Safety and radiation issues are presented. The views expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect agreement by the government. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipinski, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 437 EP 448 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400049 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Lipinski, RJ Pandya, T Peters, C AF Wright, SA Lipinski, RJ Pandya, T Peters, C BE ElGenk, MS TI Proposed design and operation of a Heat Pipe Reactor using the Sandia National Laboratories Annular Core test facility and existing UZrH fuel pins SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Heat Pipe Reactors (HPR) for space power conversion systems offer a number of advantages not easily provided by other systems. They require no pumping, their design easily deals with freezing and thawing of the liquid metal, and they can provide substantial levels of redundancy. Nevertheless, no reactor has ever been operated and cooled with heat pipes, and the startup and other operational characteristics of these systems remain largely unknown. Signification deviations from normal reactor heat removal mechanisms exist, because the heat pipes have fundamental heat removal limits due to sonic flow issues at low temperatures. This paper proposes an early prototypic test of a Heat Pipe Reactor (using existing 20% enriched nuclear fuel pins) to determine the operational characteristics of the HPR. The proposed design is similar in design to the HOMER and SAFE-300 HPR designs (Elliot, Lipinski, and Poston, 2003; Houts, et. al, 2003). However, this reactor uses existing UZrH fuel pins that are coupled to potassium heat pipes modules. The prototype reactor would be located in the Sandia Annular Core Research Reactor Facility where the fuel pins currently reside. The proposed reactor would use the heat pipes to transport the heat from the UZrH fuel pins to a water pool above the core, and the heat transport to the water pool would be controlled by adjusting the pressure and gas type within a small annulus around each heat pipe. The reactor would operate as a self-critical assembly at power levels up to 200 kW(th). Because the nuclear heated HPR test uses existing fuel and because it would be performed in an existing facility with the appropriate safety authorization basis, the test could be performed rapidly and inexpensively. This approach makes it possible to validate the operation of a HPR and also measure the feedback mechanisms for a typical HPR design. A test of this nature would be the world's first operating Heat Pipe Reactor. This reactor is therefore called "HPR-1". C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 6872 MS-1146,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 449 EP 460 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400050 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Fuller, R Lipinski, RJ Nichols, K Brown, N AF Wright, SA Fuller, R Lipinski, RJ Nichols, K Brown, N BE ElGenk, MS TI Operational results of a closed Brayton cycle test-loop SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB A number of space and terrestrial power system designs plan to use nuclear reactors that are coupled to Closed-loop Brayton Cycle (CBC) systems to generate electrical power. Because very little experience exists regarding the operational behavior of these systems, Sandia National Laboratories (through its Laboratory Directed Research and Development program) is developing a closed-loop test bed that can be used to determine the operational behavior of these systems and to validate models for these systems. Sandia has contracted Barber-Nichols Corporation to design, fabricate, and assemble a Closed-loop Brayton Cycle (CBC) system. This system was developed by modifying commercially available hardware. It uses a 30 kWe Capstone C-30 gas-turbine unit (www.capstoneturbine.com) with a modified housing that permits the attachment of an electrical heater and a water cooled chiller that are connected to the turbo-machinery in a closed loop. The test-loop reuses the Capstone turbine, compressor, and alternator. The Capstone system's nominal operating point is 1150 K turbine inlet temperature at 96,000 rpm. The annular recuperator and portions of the Capstone control system (inverter) and starter system are also reused. The rotational speed of the turbomachinery is controlled either by adjusting the alternator load by either using the electrical grid or a separate load bank. This report describes the test-loop hardware SBL-30 (Sandia Brayton Loop-30kWe). Also presented are results of early testing and modeling of the unit. The SBL-30 hardware is currently configured with a heater that is limited to 80 kW(th) with a maximum outlet temperature of similar to 1000 K. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 6782 MS-1146,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 699 EP 710 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400078 ER PT S AU Backhaus, S Reid, RS AF Backhaus, S Reid, RS BE ElGenk, MS TI A self-circulating heat exchanger for use in Stirling and thermoacoustic-stirling engines SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB A major technical hurdle to the implementation of large Stirling engines or thermoacoustic engines is the reliability, performance, and manufacturability of the hot heat exchanger that brings high-temperature heat into the engine. Unlike power conversion devices that utilize steady flow, the oscillatory nature of the flow in Stirling and thermoacoustic engines restricts the length of a traditional hot heat exchanger to a peak-to-peak gas displacement, which is usually around 0.2 meters or less. To overcome this restriction, a new hot heat exchanger has been devised that uses a fluid diode in a looped pipe, which is resonantly driven by the oscillating gas pressure in the engine itself, to circulate the engine's working fluid around the loop. Instead of thousands of short, intricately interwoven passages that must be individually sealed, this new design consists of a few pipes that are typically 10 meters long. This revolutionary approach eliminates thousands of hermetic joints, pumps the engine's working fluid to and from a remote heat source without using moving parts, and does so without compromising on heat transfer surface area. Test data on a prototype loop integrated with a 1-kW thermoacoustic engine will be presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Backhaus, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 719 EP 726 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400080 ER PT S AU Snead, LL Zinkle, SJ AF Snead, LL Zinkle, SJ BE ElGenk, MS TI Use of beryllium and beryllium oxide in space reactors SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATED BERYLLIUM; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DAMAGE; EMBRITTLEMENT; STRENGTH AB Beryllium and beryllium oxide are attractive candidate materials for neutron reflector application in space reactors due to their beneficial combination of low density and high neutron moderation and reflection capabilities. Drawbacks to their use include the expense of working with toxic materials, a limited industrial infrastructure, and material properties that are challenging in the non-irradiated state and seriously degrade under neutron irradiation. As an example of neutron effects, mechanical properties degrade under relevant conditions to the point where encasement in structural alloys is necessary. Such measures are required if neutron fluence exceeds similar to 1x10(24) n/m(2) (E > 0.1 MeV). At high temperatures (> 500 degrees C for Be and > 600 degrees C for BeO), irradiation-induced swelling may also limit the maximum allowable dose without additional engineering measures. Significant volumetric swelling (> 5%) can occur in these materials during neutron irradiation at elevated temperatures for neutron fluences above 1x10(25) n/m(2). This paper will review Be and BeO fabrication considerations, and summarize the effects of neutron irradiation on material properties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sneadll@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 768 EP 775 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400085 ER PT S AU Matonic, JH Teague, JG Spengler, DJ Dinh, P AF Matonic, JH Teague, JG Spengler, DJ Dinh, P BE ElGenk, MS TI Ion exchange automatic elution system used in the full-scale aqueous scrap purification of plutonium-238 dioxide SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The Aqueous Scrap Recovery process at Los Alamos is designed to produce pure Plutonium Oxide ((PuO2)-Pu-238) from scrap or impure sources. The incoming (PuO2)-Pu-238 contains a significant amount of impurities that must be removed before it can be processed any further. One of the purification steps involves the ion exchange process. This process sorbs the putative [Pu(NO3)(6)](2-) dianion onto an anion exchange resin (Reillex (TM) HPQ), while impurities are washed from the Pu sorbed resin. Most impurities in the solution do not sorb to the resin and are part of the effluent stream. During the wash cycle, 7 M of nitric acid is pumped through the resin column to wash the resin of unsorbed impurities. The solution collected (with impurities) is the wash stream. In some cases, an online gamma spectrophotometer is used to monitor the wash stream for U-234 and Am-241, and ensures that a large percentage of these isotopes have washed through the column, indicating efficient separation from the plutonium. In the final step of the process, the Pu is released (desorbed) from the resin by pumping eluant through the column during the elution cycle. Typically, the eluant used to desorb the plutonium is 0.45 M HNO3. The focus of this presentation discusses an automated elution process that has been incorporated into the system used at Los Alamos in the event that the operators must vacate the laboratory in the case of an emergency. The automated elution process is triggered by temperature, pressure, and liquid level signals being monitored on both Ion Exchange columns. The automated system relies on the commercially available Lookout (TM) software to control each pump and valve in the system and is programmed to perform an automatic elution for a preset time if any of the operational limiting conditions are met. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pu Sci & Engn NMT9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matonic, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pu Sci & Engn NMT9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Matonic, John/0000-0002-6059-1514 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 800 EP 805 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400089 ER PT S AU Remerowski, ML Dozhier, C Krenek, K VanPelt, CE Reimus, MA Spengler, D Matonic, J Garcia, L Rios, E Sandoval, F Herman, D Hart, R Ewing, B Lovato, M Romero, JP AF Remerowski, ML Dozhier, C Krenek, K VanPelt, CE Reimus, MA Spengler, D Matonic, J Garcia, L Rios, E Sandoval, F Herman, D Hart, R Ewing, B Lovato, M Romero, JP BE ElGenk, MS TI Recovery of (PuO2)-Pu-238 by molten salt oxidation processing of (238)PuO(2-)contaminated combustibles (part II) SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Pu-238 heat sources are used to fuel radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) used in space missions. The demand for this fuel is increasing, yet there are currently no domestic sources of this material. Much of the fuel is material reprocessed from other sources. One rich source of Pu-238 residual material is that from contaminated combustible materials, such as cheesecloth, ion exchange resins and plastics. From both waste minimization and production efficiency standpoints, the best solution is to recover this material. One way to accomplish separation of the organic component from these residues is a flameless oxidation process using molten salt as the matrix for the breakdown of the organic to carbon dioxide and water. The plutonium is retained in the salt, and can be recovered by dissolution of the carbonate salt in an aqueous solution, leaving the insoluble oxide behind. Further aqueous scrap recovery processing is used to purify the plutonium oxide. Recovery of the plutonium from contaminated combustibles achieves two important goals. First, it increases the inventory of Pu-238 available for heat source fabrication. Second, it is a significant waste minimization process. Because of its thermal activity (0.567 W per gram), combustibles must be packaged for disposition with much lower amounts of Pu-238 per drum than other waste types. Specifically, cheesecloth residues in the form of pyrolyzed ash (for stabilization) are being stored for eventual recovery of the plutonium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci & Engn PU238, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Remerowski, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci & Engn PU238, NMT-9,M-S E502, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Matonic, John/0000-0002-6059-1514 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 806 EP 814 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400090 ER PT S AU Edelmann, PG AF Edelmann, PG BE ElGenk, MS TI Determination and assessment of graded safeguards categories for potential space reactor fuels SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Research was conducted in the classification of lower-enrichment space nuclear reactor fuel in terms of its graded safeguards category and attractiveness level. Specifically, fuel with a U-235 enrichment of less than 50% and greater than 20% (i.e., 49.9%) meets the criteria for a lower category of special-nuclear-material control and accountability. This fuel is considered to have an attractiveness level of "D" and therefore is classified as Category II material rather than the highest and most rigorous Category I. The net result is a more cost-effective and facilitated approach to the protection, control, and accountability of this material. The views expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect agreement by the Government. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Design & Risk Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Edelmann, PG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Design & Risk Anal Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 815 EP 819 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400091 ER PT S AU Santella, M McNabb, J Frederick, A AF Santella, M McNabb, J Frederick, A BE ElGenk, MS TI Mechanical properties of Nb-1Zr weldments SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID ALLOYS AB The objective of this work was to measure the mechanical properties of Nb-1Zr weldments, and, more specifically, to evaluate whether Charpy V-notch impact testing may be a more meaningful indication of weld deposit ductility than the slow bend testing. Manual gas-tungsten-arc welds were made in Nb-1Zr plates using 4 beads of filler wire from the same heat. The cold-rolled plates were recrystallized by heat treatment at 1773 K for 1 hour prior to welding. Welded plates were made in a stainless steel welding glove box backfilled with either argon or helium. Two plates were made with each gas, with one plate post-weld heat treated at 1373 K. Weld metal from each of the four welded plates was subjected to chemical analysis, tensile testing at room temperature, and Charpy V-notch testing at 93-473 K. Also, microhardness testing was used to evaluate property gradients in the weldments. Impurity concentrations in the weld deposits compared well with the base metal concentrations and were within the limits of the relevant ASTM specification, B393 Type 3. All specimens with one minor exception had yield strengths, tensile strengths, and ductilities that exceeded the ASTM specified minimums. The Charpy V-notch specimens from the as-welded He weld deposit, and from both post-weld-heat-treated weld deposits showed similar behavior with upper shelf energies of 9.7-10 J and ductile-brittle transition temperatures of 85-100 K. These Charpy V-notch properties were comparable to those of the unwelded plate. The as-welded Ar weld deposit had a slightly higher ductile-brittle transition temperature near 150 K. Microhardness testing indicated that in the as-welded conditions the average hardness of the weld deposit made in Ar was higher than that made in He. Post-weld heat treatment reduced the average hardnesses of base metal and weld metal. The range of hardnesses in the weld deposits was increased by the post weld heat treatment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Santella, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 845 EP 852 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400095 ER PT S AU Poston, DI AF Poston, DI BE ElGenk, MS TI A comparison of fast-spectrum and moderated space fission reactors SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The reactor neutron spectrum is one of the fundamental design choices for any fission reactor, but the implications of using a moderated spectrum are vastly different for space reactors as opposed to terrestrial reactors. In addition, the pros and cons of neutron spectra are significantly different among many of the envisioned space power applications. This paper begins with a discussion of the neutronic differences between fast-spectrum and moderated space reactors. This is followed by a discussion of the pros and cons of fast-spectrum and moderated space reactors separated into three areas-technical risk, performance, and safety/safeguards. A mix of quantitative and qualitative arguments is presented, and some conclusions generally can be made regarding neutron spectrum and space power application. In most cases, a fast-spectrum system appears to be the better alternative (mostly because of simplicity and higher potential operating temperatures); however, in some cases, such as a low-power (< 100-kWt) surface reactor, a moderated spectrum could provide a better approach. In all cases, the determination of which spectrum is preferred is a strong function of the metrics provided by the "customer"- i.e., if a certain level of performance is required, it could provide a different solution than if a certain level of safeguards is required (which in some cases could produce a null solution). The views expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect agreement by the Government. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 859 EP 867 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400097 ER PT S AU Lenard, RX Kravitz, SH Tajmar, M AF Lenard, RX Kravitz, SH Tajmar, M BE ElGenk, MS TI Recent progress in silicon-based MEMS field emission thrusters SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The Indium Field Emission Thruster (In-FET) is a highly characterized and space-proven device based on space-qualified liquid metal ion sources. There is also extensive experience with liquid metal ion sources for high-brightness semiconductor fabrications and inspection Like gridded ion engines, In-FETs efficiently accelerate ions through a series of high voltage electrodes. Instead of a plasma discharge to generate ions, which generates a mixture of singly and doubly charged ions as well as neutrals, indium metal is melted (157 degrees C) and fed to the tip of a capillary tube where very high local electric fields perform more-efficient field emission ionization, providing nearly 100% singly charged species. In-FETs do not have the associated losses or lifetime concerns of a magnetically confined discharge and hollow cathode in ion thrusters. For In-FETs, propellant efficiencies similar to 100% stipulate single-emitter currents <= 10 mu A, perhaps as low as 5 mu A of current. This low emitter current results in <= 0.5 W/emitter. Consequently, if the In-FET is to be used for future Human and Robotic missions under President Bush's Exploration plan, a mechanism to generate very high power levels is necessary. Efficient high-power operation requires many emitter/extractor pairs. Conventional fabrication techniques allow 1-10 emitters in a single module, with pain-staking precision required. Properly designed and fabricated In-FETs possess electric-to-jet efficiency > 90% and a specific mass < 0.25 kg/kWe. MEMS techniques allow reliable batch processing with similar to 160,000 emitters in a 10x10-cm array. Developing a 1.5kW 10x10-cm module is a necessary stepping stone for > 500 kWe systems where groups of 9 or 16 modules, with a single PPU/feed system, form the building blocks for even higher-power exploration systems. In 2003, SNL and ARCS produced a MEMS-based In-FET 5x5 emitter module with individually addressable emitter/extractor pairs on a 15x15mm wafer. The first MEMS thruster prototype has already been tested to demonstrate the proof-of-concept in laboratory-scale testing. In this paper we discuss progress that has been achieved in the past year on fabricating silicon-based MEMS In-FETs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl & Risk Technol Org, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lenard, RX (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl & Risk Technol Org, POB 5800,MS-1146, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Tajmar, Martin/0000-0002-7406-7588 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 954 EP 964 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400109 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Sanchez, T AF Wright, SA Sanchez, T BE ElGenk, MS TI Dynamic modeling and control of nuclear reactors coupled to closed-loop brayton cycle systems using SIMULINK (TM) SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The operation of space reactors for both in-space and planetary operations will require unprecedented levels of autonomy and control. Development of these autonomous control systems will require dynamic system models, effective control methodologies, and autonomous control logic. This paper briefly describes the results of reactor, power-conversion, and control models that are implemented in SIMULINK (TM) (Simulink, 2004). SIMULINK (TM) is a development environment packaged with MatLab (TM) (MatLab, 2004) that allows the creation of dynamic state flow models. Simulation modules for liquid metal, gas cooled reactors, and electrically heated systems have been developed, as have modules for dynamic power-conversion components such as, ducting, heat exchangers, turbines, compressors, permanent magnet alternators, and load resistors. Various control modules for the reactor and the power-conversion shaft speed have also been developed and simulated. The modules are compiled into libraries and can be easily connected in different ways to explore the operational space of a number of potential reactor, power-conversion system configurations, and control approaches. The modularity and variability of these SIMULINK (TM) models provides a way to simulate a variety of complete power generation systems. To date, both Liquid Metal Reactors (LMR), Gas Cooled Reactors (GCR), and electric heaters that are coupled to gas-dynamics systems and thermoelectric systems have been simulated and are used to understand the behavior of these systems. Current efforts are focused on improving the fidelity of the existing SIMULINK (TM) modules, extending them to include isotopic heaters, heat pipes, Stirling engines, and on developing state flow logic to provide intelligent autonomy. The simulation code is called RPC-SIM (Reactor Power and Control-Simulator). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 6872 MS-1146,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 991 EP 1004 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400113 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Stout, S AF Wright, SA Stout, S BE ElGenk, MS TI Temperature distributions in LMR fuel pin bundles as modeled by COBRA-IV-I SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID ROD ASSEMBLIES AB Most pin type reactor designs for space power or terrestrial applications group the fuel pins into a number of relatively large fuel pin bundles or subassemblies. Fuel bundles for terrestrial liquid metal fast breeders reactors typically use 217 - 271 pins per sub-assembly, while some SPIN designs use up to 331 pins in a central subassembly that was surrounded by partial assemblies. Because thermal creep is exponentially related to temperature, small changes in fuel pin cladding temperature can make large differences in the lifetime in a high temperature liquid metal reactor (LAM). This paper uses the COBRA-IV-I computer code to determine the temperature distribution within LMR fuel bundles. COBRA-IV-I uses the sub-channel analysis approach to determine the enthalpy (or temperature) and flow distribution in rod bundles for both steady-state and transient conditions. The COBRA code runs in only a few seconds and has been benchmarked and tested extensively over a wide range of flow conditions. In this report the flow and temperature distributions for two types of lithium cooled space reactor core designs were calculated. One design uses a very tight fuel pin packing that has a pitch to diameter ratio of 1.05 (small wire wrap with a diameter of 392 M) as proposed in SP100. The other design uses a larger pitch to diameter ratio of 1.09 with a larger more conventional sized wire wrap diameter of I mm. The results of the COBRA pin bundle calculations show that the larger pitch-to-diameter fuel bundle designs are more tolerant to local flow blockages, and in addition they are less sensitive to mal-flow distributions that occur near the edges of the subassembly. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 6872 MS-1146,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 1021 EP 1029 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400115 ER PT S AU Park, YS Kang, H Ewing, TF Faulring, EL DeJong, BP Peshkin, MA Colgate, JE AF Park, YS Kang, H Ewing, TF Faulring, EL DeJong, BP Peshkin, MA Colgate, JE BE ElGenk, MS TI Semi-autonomous telerobotic manipulation: A viable approach for space structure deployment and maintenance SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Future space explorations necessitate manipulation of space structures in support of extra vehicular activities or extraterrestrial resource exploitation. In these tasks robots are expected to assist or replace human crew to alleviate human risk and enhance task performance. However due to the vastly unstructured and unpredictable environmental conditions, automation of robotic task is virtually impossible and thus teleoperation is expected to be employed. However teleoperation is extremely slow and inefficient. To improve task efficiency of teleoperation, this work introduces semi-autonomous telerobotic operation technology. Key technological innovations include implementation of reactive agent based robotic architecture and enhanced operator interface that renders virtual fixture. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Colgate, James/B-7589-2009; Peshkin, Michael/B-7604-2009; Ewing, Thomas/G-5396-2014 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 1129 EP 1136 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400128 ER PT S AU Wick, DV Martinez, T Payne, DM Sweatt, WC Restaino, SR AF Wick, DV Martinez, T Payne, DM Sweatt, WC Restaino, SR BE Tchoryk, P Holz, B TI Active optical zoom system SO Spaceborne Sensors II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spaceborne Sensors II CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Optech Inc DE active optics; adaptive optics; deformable mirrors; MEMS; spatial light modulators; liquid crystals; zoom systems ID LENS; MODULATOR AB In order to optically vary the magnification of an imaging system, continuous mechanical zoom lenses require multiple optical elements and use fine mechanical motion to precisely adjust the separations between individual or groups of lenses.(1) By incorporating active elements into the optical design, we have designed and demonstrated imaging systems that are capable of variable optical magnification with no macroscopic moving parts.(2-3) Changing the effective focal length and magnification of an imaging system can be accomplished by adeptly positioning two or more active optics in the optical design and appropriately adjusting the optical power of those elements. In this application, the active optics.(4-7) (e.g. liquid crystal spatial light modulators or deformable mirrors) serve as variable focal-length lenses. Unfortunately, the range over which currently available devices can operate (i.e. their dynamic range) is relatively small. Therefore, the key to this concept is to create large changes in the effective focal length of the system with very small changes in the focal lengths of individual elements by leveraging the optical power of conventional optical elements surrounding the active optics. By appropriately designing the optical system, these variable focal-length lenses can provide the flexibility necessary to change the overall system focal length, and therefore magnification, that is normally accomplished with mechanical motion in conventional zoom lenses. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wick, DV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5783-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5798 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.603475 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BCR83 UT WOS:000230974000017 ER PT S AU Wick, DV Payne, DM Martinez, T Restaino, SR AF Wick, DV Payne, DM Martinez, T Restaino, SR BE Tchoryk, P Holz, B TI Large dynamic range wavefront control of micromachined deformable membrane mirrors SO Spaceborne Sensors II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spaceborne Sensors II CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Optech Inc DE active optics; adaptive optics; deformable mirrors; MEMS; control algorithms AB Micromachined deformable membrane mirrors (MDMMs)(1) are currently being integrated into or proposed for numerous space-based imaging applications, including systems that utilize phase diversity,(2) foveated imaging,(3-4) and active or adaptive optical zoom.(5-7) In stark contrast to applications that require only a few waves of optical stroke, such as atmospheric turbulence correction, these applications often require that the mirrors operate over much larger dynamic ranges. In order to obtain near diffraction-limited performance, these mirrors must be capable of producing wavefronts with accurate figures to within a quarter-wave (P-V). Recent experimental results will be discussed, in which MDMMs produced focal lengths as low as 2.5m with near diffraction-limited performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wick, DV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5783-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5798 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.603526 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BCR83 UT WOS:000230974000018 ER PT J AU Carr, GL Chubar, O Dumas, P AF Carr, G. Larry Chubar, Oleg Dumas, Paul BE Bhargava, R Levin, IW TI Multichannel detection with a synchrotron light source: design and potential SO SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS USING INFRARED MULTICHANNEL DETECTORS SE Sheffield Analytical Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; MICROSCOPY C1 [Carr, G. Larry] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chubar, Oleg; Dumas, Paul] Orme Merisiers, LURE, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chubar, Oleg; Dumas, Paul] Orme Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, 75 Brookhaven Ave,Bldg 725B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-98854-1 J9 SHEFF ANALY CHEM PY 2005 BP 56 EP 84 D2 10.1002/9780470988541 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BAD15 UT WOS:000303834200004 ER PT J AU Punshon, T Jackson, BP Lanzirotti, A Hopkins, WA Bertsch, PM Burger, J AF Punshon, T Jackson, BP Lanzirotti, A Hopkins, WA Bertsch, PM Burger, J TI Application of synchrotron x-ray microbeam spectroscopy to the determination of metal distribution and speciation in biological tissues SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biological tissue; micro-XANES; nickel; selenium; synchrotron x-ray fluorescence; uranium; x-ray fluorescence microtomography ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; FLY-ASH EXTRACTS; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE MICROPROBE; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORAL DEFORMITIES; ICP-MS; RADIATION; NICKEL AB Resolving the distribution and speciation of metal(loid)s within biological environmental samples is essential for understanding bioavailability, trophic transfer, and environmental risk. We used synchrotron x-ray microspectroscopy to analyze a range of samples that had been exposed to metal(loid) contamination. Microprobe x-ray fluorescence elemental mapping (mu SXRF) of decomposing rhizosphere microcosms consisting of Ni- and U-contaminated soil planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum) showed the change in Ni and U distribution over a 27-day period, with a progressive movement of U into decaying tissue. mu SXRF maps showed the micrometer-scale distribution of Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, and U in roots of willow (Salix nigra L.) growing on a former radiological settling pond, with U located outside of the epidermis and Ni inside the cortex. X-ray computed tomography (CMT) of woody tissue of this same affected willow showed that small points of high Ni fluorescence observed previously are actually a Ni-rich substance contained within an individual xylem vessel. mu SXRF and x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) linked the elevated Se concentrations in sediments of a coal fly ash settling pond with oral deformities of bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). Se distribution was localized within the deformed mouthparts, and with an oxidation state of Se (-II) consistent with organo-Se compounds, it suggests oral deformities are caused by incorporation of Se into proteins. The range of tissues analyzed in this study highlight the applicability of synchrotron X-ray microspectroscopic techniques to biological tissues and the study of metal(loid) bioavailability. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL USA. RP Punshon, T (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM punshon@srel.edu NR 60 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-7010 EI 1532-2289 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 343 EP 363 DI 10.1081/SL-200058715 PG 21 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933EP UT WOS:000229612000010 ER PT J AU Wang, YQ Aubuchon, SR Schoonover, JR Palmer, RA AF Wang, YQ Aubuchon, SR Schoonover, JR Palmer, RA TI Relative quantification of dynamic infrared linear dichroism signals and their relation to thermomechanical properties SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dynamic infrared linear dichroism; multivariate curve resolution; poly(ester urethane) ID MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION; FT-IR; TEMPERATURE; COPOLYMER AB Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) combined with alternating least squares (ALS) has been applied to dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD) spectra to provide relative quantification and relate this information to the thermo-mechanical properties of a poly(ester urethane). MCR-ALS analysis reduces the DIRLD data matrix to submatrices of factors and scores. The factors represent spectra-like variables that relate to the DIRLD spectra of the major components constituting the individual DIRLD spectra in the data matrix. The scores are related to the concentration of these factors, and serve as a method to semiquantify the components that represent the primary molecular-level mechanisms in the dynamic mechanical temperature scan. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27706 USA. TA Instruments, New Castle, DE USA. RP Schoonover, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM schoons@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2005 VL 38 IS 6 BP 809 EP 824 DI 10.1080/00387010500316155 PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 005JO UT WOS:000234818600010 ER PT B AU de Jager, K AF de Jager, K BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Nucleon form factors SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY ID POLARIZATION TRANSFER; SCATTERING; PROTONS; MOMENT; RADIUS AB The experimental and theoretical status of elastic electron scattering from the nucleon is reviewed. As a consequence of new experimental facilities, data of unprecedented precision have recently become available for the electromagnetic and the strange form factors of the nucleon. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP de Jager, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 117 EP 125 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100014 ER PT B AU Mackay, WW Bai, M Huang, H Ahrens, L Alekseev, IG Bravar, A Brown, K Bunce, G Calaga, R Courant, ED Drees, A Fischer, W Gardner, C Glenn, JW Gupta, R Igo, G Iriso, U Jinnouchi, O Kurita, K Luccio, AU Luo, Y Makdisi, Y Marr, G Montag, C Nass, A Okada, H Okamura, M Pilat, F Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Saito, N Satogata, T Spinka, H Stephenson, EJ Svirida, DN Takano, J Tepikian, S Tomas, R Tsoupas, N Underwood, D Whitten, C Wood, J van Zeijts, J Zelenski, A Zeno, K Zhang, SY AF Mackay, WW Bai, M Huang, H Ahrens, L Alekseev, IG Bravar, A Brown, K Bunce, G Calaga, R Courant, ED Drees, A Fischer, W Gardner, C Glenn, JW Gupta, R Igo, G Iriso, U Jinnouchi, O Kurita, K Luccio, AU Luo, Y Makdisi, Y Marr, G Montag, C Nass, A Okada, H Okamura, M Pilat, F Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Saito, N Satogata, T Spinka, H Stephenson, EJ Svirida, DN Takano, J Tepikian, S Tomas, R Tsoupas, N Underwood, D Whitten, C Wood, J van Zeijts, J Zelenski, A Zeno, K Zhang, SY BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Status of proton polarization in RHIC and AGS SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY ID ELECTRON AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has collided protons with both transverse and longitudinal polarization at a centre-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. Future running will extend this to 500 GeV. This paper describes the methods used to accelerate and manipulate polarized proton beams in RHIC and its injectors. Special techniques include the use of a partial Siberian snake and an AC dipole in the AGS. In RHIC we use superconducting helical Siberian snakes for acceleration, and eight superconducting helical rotators for independent control of polarization directions at two interaction regions. The present status and future plans for the polarized proton program will be reviewed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mackay, WW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0020 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100020 ER PT B AU Makdisi, Y AF Makdisi, Y CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Transverse spin at PHENIX and future plans SO SPIN 2004: 16TH INTERNATIONAL SPIN PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY ID GEV-C; ASYMMETRIES; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; GEV/C AB The PHENIX experiment took data with transversely polarized proton beams in 2001-2002. It measured the transverse single-spin asymmetries in inclusive neutral pion and non-identified charge hadrons at midrapidity and root s=200 GeV. The data near X-F similar to 0 cover a transverse momentum range from 0.5 to 5.0 GeV/c. The observed asymmetries are consistent with zero with good statistical accuracy. This paper presents the current work in the light of earlier measurements at lower energies in this kinematic region, and future plans of the PHENIX detector. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Makdisi, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0042 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100039 ER PT B AU Vogelsang, W AF Vogelsang, W BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Calculations of single-inclusive cross sections and spin asymmetries in pp scattering SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY ID TO-LEADING-ORDER; QCD HARD SCATTERING; RESUMMATION; PREDICTIONS; COLLISIONS AB We present calculations of cross sections and spin asymmetries in single-inclusive reactions in pp scattering. We discuss next-to-leading order predictions as well as all-order soft-gluon "threshold" resummations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vogelsang, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0043 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100040 ER PT B AU Okada, K AF Okada, K CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Measurement of prompt photons in root s=200 GeV pp collisions SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB This report presents the preliminary result for the prompt photon production cross section in proton-proton collisions in the mid-rapidity region using the PHENIX detector. The NLO pQCD calculation is in good agreement with the data. The measurement was made with and without an isolation cut. The isolation cut significantly improves the signal purity without reducing the signal yield. This is an important step for future spin asymmetry measurement. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Okada, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0057 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100054 ER PT B AU Ogawa, A AF Ogawa, A CA STAR Collaboration BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Spin effects in large rapidity neutral pion production at STAR SO SPIN 2004: 16TH INTERNATIONAL SPIN PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY ID AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY; ELECTROPRODUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PP AB First measurements of large Feynman x (x(F)) neutral pion production in polarized proton collisions at root s = 200 GeV were reported previously. Cross section measurements at < q > = 3.3 and 3.8 and analyzing power (A(N)) measurements at < eta > = 3.8 were completed for 0.3 < x(F) < 0.6. The cross section was found to be consistent with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. In that framework, the dominant subprocess is partonic collisions of valence quarks on low Bjorken-x gluons. The AN was found to be large, positive, increasing with xF, and consistent with phenomonologicall calculations based on the Collins effect, the Sivers effect, and initial- and final-state higher twist contributions. Subsequent data have been acquired with transverse polarized proton collisions at RHIC at root s = 200 GeV. The status of the analysis and preliminary results will be presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ogawa, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0059 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100056 ER PT B AU Carlini, RD AF Carlini, RD CA Qweak Collaboration BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Q(weak): A precision measurement of the proton's weak charge SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY ID PARITY NONCONSERVATION; ATOMIC THALLIUM AB The Q(weak) experiment at Jefferson Lab will measure the parity-violating asymmetry in e-p elastic scattering at low Q(2) using a polarized electron beam and a LH2 target. The experiment will provide the first measurement of the weak charge of the proton to an accuracy of 4%. Q(w)(p) is related to the weak mixing angle, and thus provides the means for a precision test of the SM. Since the value of sin(2) theta(w) is approximately 1/4, the weak charge of the proton Q(w)(p) = 1 - 4 sin(2) theta(w) is suppressed in the SM, making it sensitive to the value of the mixing angle and to possible new physics. At the kinematics selected the systematic uncertainties from hadronic processes are strongly suppressed. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Carlini, RD (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0098 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100095 ER PT B AU Trueman, TL AF Trueman, TL BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Energy dependence of pp and p-carbon CNI analyzing power SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB The method described in my RHIC Spin Note (hep-ph/305085) is applied to recently reported data from RHIC experiments in order to obtain values for the spin-flip Regge couplings. The data comes from 100 GeV/c proton elastic scattering on both a carbon target and on the recently commissioned polarized hydrogen gas jet target. These couplings are used to predict the analyzing power for protoncarbon scattering at the top RHIC fixed target energy of 250 GeV/c and for pp scattering at RHIC collider energy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Trueman, TL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0103 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100100 ER PT B AU Roche, J AF Roche, J CA G0 Collaborat BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Asymmetries analysis from the forward angle part of the G0 experiment SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB The GO project is a parity violation experiment using elastic electron scattering. It is dedicated to the measurement of the contribution of strange quarks to the charge and magnetization distributions in the nucleon. After introducing the physics case this paper describes the analysis progress of the first part of the experiment. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Roche, J (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0120 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100117 ER PT B AU Mestayer, MD AF Mestayer, MD CA CLAS Collaboration BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Lambda polarization in exclusive electro- and photoproduction SO SPIN 2004: 16TH INTERNATIONAL SPIN PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY ID QUARK-MODEL; DECAY; VERTICES AB I present recent results from the CLAS collaboration on A and Sigma(0) polarization for both electroproduction and photoproduction of K+Lambda and K+Sigma(0) exclusive states. I interpret these data using a simple quark model, leading to the surprising conclusion that the s and (s) over bar quarks are produced with spins anti-aligned, in apparent contradiction to the popular P-3(0) model of quark pair creation. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Mestayer, MD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0125 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100122 ER PT B AU Bosted, PE AF Bosted, PE CA CLAS Collaboration BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Spin asymmetries A(et) and A(t) in exclusive eta electroproduction from the proton SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB For the first time, measurements were made of the double-spin asymmetry A(et) and the target single-spin asymmetry A(t) in the exclusive reaction p(e, e' p)eta in kinematics dominated by the excitation of the S-11 (1535) resonance. Both A(et) and A(t) are found to be in agreement with the Eta-MAID model, which predicts strong dominance of S-11 (1535) excitation in the region studied, 0.3 < Q(2) < 1 GeV2 and 1.49 < W < 1.59 GeV. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Bosted, PE (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0126 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100123 ER PT B AU Bai, M Tomas, R Ahrens, L Brown, K Drees, A Gardner, CJ Glenn, JW Fischer, W Ariz, UI Huang, H Luo, Y Pilat, F Mackay, WW Marr, G Montag, C Pitisyn, V Roser, T Satogata, T Tepikian, S Tsoupas, N Van Zeijts, J AF Bai, M Tomas, R Ahrens, L Brown, K Drees, A Gardner, CJ Glenn, JW Fischer, W Ariz, UI Huang, H Luo, Y Pilat, F Mackay, WW Marr, G Montag, C Pitisyn, V Roser, T Satogata, T Tepikian, S Tsoupas, N Van Zeijts, J BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI RHIC polarized proton new working point commissioning SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB The RHIC 2003 polarized proton run showed a limitation on the luminosity due to the beam-beam effect at a betatron tune working point of (0.225, 0.235). The integer parts of the horizontal and vertical betatron tunes are 28 and 29, respectively. The polarization transmission efficiency was also compromised because of the tight tune space due to the snake resonances. It was decided to explore the RHIC pp luminosity capability as well as the polarization capability with new working points during the RHIC pp 2004 Run. The working point (0.690, 0.685) at a RHIC stored energy of 100GeV/c was found to ameliorate the beam-beam effect, and also improve the polarization transmission efficiency as well as polarization lifetime during store. This paper reports the commissioning efforts and results of the new working point commissioning during the latest RHIC polarized proton run. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bai, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 675 EP 678 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0142 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100139 ER PT B AU Ptitsyn, V Bai, M Huang, H Mackay, WW Roser, T Tepikian, S AF Ptitsyn, V Bai, M Huang, H Mackay, WW Roser, T Tepikian, S BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Snake resonance observed in RHIC SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB A pair of Siberian snakes is employed in each RHIC ring to avoid depolarization by imperfection and intrinsic spin resonances during the proton beam acceleration. Still, depolarization can happen in the vicinity of some betatron tune values due to high-order spin resonances called "snake" resonances. In this paper experimental evidence is presented from the latest RHIC run for the {Q(y)} = 3/4 snake resonance. The depolarization produced by the resonance was observed in two circumstances: during a vertical betatron tune scan, and during a snake current scan. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ptitsyn, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0143 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100140 ER PT B AU Huang, H Ahrens, L Bai, M Brown, K Gardner, C Glenn, W Luccio, AU Mackay, WW Montag, C Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Tepikian, S Tsoupas, N Zelenski, A Zeno, K Okamura, M Takano, J AF Huang, H Ahrens, L Bai, M Brown, K Gardner, C Glenn, W Luccio, AU Mackay, WW Montag, C Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Tepikian, S Tsoupas, N Zelenski, A Zeno, K Okamura, M Takano, J BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Acceleration of polarized protons in the AGS with a helical partial snake SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB The RHIC spin program requires 2 x 10(11) proton/bunch with 70% polarization. As the injector to RHIC, AGS is the bottleneck for preserving polarization: there is no space for a full snake to overcome numerous depolarizing resonances. An AC dipole and a partial snake are used to preserve beam polarization. A helical dipole partial snake was commissioned successfully during recent operation. With less coupling from the new partial snake, 50% polarization has been achieved at AGS extraction. The results pave the way for using multiple partial snakes in the AGS to preserve polarization up to 24 GeV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 683 EP 686 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0144 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100141 ER PT B AU Roser, T Ahrens, LA Bai, M Courant, ED Glenn, JW Gupta, RC Huang, H Luccio, AU Mackay, WW Tsoupas, N Willen, E Okamura, M Takano, J AF Roser, T Ahrens, LA Bai, M Courant, ED Glenn, JW Gupta, RC Huang, H Luccio, AU Mackay, WW Tsoupas, N Willen, E Okamura, M Takano, J BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Acceleration of polarized beams using multiple strong partial siberian snakes SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB Acceleration of polarized protons in the energy range of 5 to 25 GeV is particularly difficult since depolarizing spin resonances are strong enough to cause significant depolarization, but full Siberian snakes cause intolerably large orbit excursions. Using a 20 - 30 % partial Siberian snake, both imperfection and intrinsic resonances can be overcome. Such a strong partial Siberian snake was designed for the Brookhaven AGS using a dual pitch helical super-conducting dipole. Multiple strong partial snakes are also discussed for spin matching at beam injection and extraction. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Roser, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 687 EP 690 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0145 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100142 ER PT B AU Bravar, A Alekseev, I Bunce, G Dhawan, S Gill, R Huang, H Haeberli, W Jinnouchi, O Khodinov, A Kponou, A Kurita, K Makdisi, Y Meng, W Nass, A Okada, H Saito, N Spinka, H Stephenson, E Svirida, D Underwood, D Whitten, C Wise, T Wood, J Zelenski, A AF Bravar, A Alekseev, I Bunce, G Dhawan, S Gill, R Huang, H Haeberli, W Jinnouchi, O Khodinov, A Kponou, A Kurita, K Makdisi, Y Meng, W Nass, A Okada, H Saito, N Spinka, H Stephenson, E Svirida, D Underwood, D Whitten, C Wise, T Wood, J Zelenski, A BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Spin dependence in elastic scattering in the CNI region SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB The interference of the electromagnetic spin-flip amplitude with a hadronic spin-nonflip amplitude in the elastic scattering of hadrons leads to significant spin dependencies at very low 4-momentum transfer t (0.001 < vertical bar t vertical bar < 0.01 (GeV/c)(2)). This kinematical region is known as the Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) region. First results on spin effects in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering in the CNI region at 100 GeV from the 2004 polarized proton run at RHIC are presented. Preliminary results on A(N) in the elastic scattering of polarized protons off a carbon target over a wide energy range from 4 GeV to 100 GeV from AGS and RHIC are presented as well. These results allow us to further investigate the spin dependence in elastic scattering and the mechanisms at work. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Alekseev, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 700 EP 705 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0148 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100145 ER PT B AU Cameron, PR Conte, M D'Imperio, N Franklin, W Goldberg, DA Luccio, AU Mackay, WW Palazzi, M Pusterla, M Vetter, K Zwart, T AF Cameron, PR Conte, M D'Imperio, N Franklin, W Goldberg, DA Luccio, AU Mackay, WW Palazzi, M Pusterla, M Vetter, K Zwart, T BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Design and test of a prototype cavity for a stern-gerlach polarimeter SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB We present the design, simulations and measurements of a prototype passive RF cavity polarimeter, with a transversely polarized electron beam interacting with the longitudinal gradient of the transverse component of magnetic field in the TE011 mode of the cavity. Signal levels at the MIT-Bates storage ring may approach a microwatt, permitting fast and accurate polarization measurement. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cameron, PR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 710 EP 713 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0150 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100147 ER PT B AU Zelenski, A Graham, D Kokhanovski, S Mahler, G Makdisi, Y Nass, A Ritter, J Zunets, V Haeberli, W Wise, T AF Zelenski, A Graham, D Kokhanovski, S Mahler, G Makdisi, Y Nass, A Ritter, J Zunets, V Haeberli, W Wise, T BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Atomic beam studies in the RHIC H-jet polarimeter SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB The results of atomic beam production studies are presented. Improved cooling of the atoms before jet formation in the dissociator cold nozzle apparently reduces the atomic beam velocity spread and improves beam focusing conditions. A carefully designed sextupole separating (and focusing) magnet system takes advantage of the high brightness source. As a result, a record beam intensity of a 12.4. 10(16) atoms/s was obtained within 10 mm acceptance at the collision point. A 3% polarization dilution factor (by the hydrogen molecules at the collision point) was measured with a modified Quadrupole Mass Analyzer. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zelenski, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 761 EP 764 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0162 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100159 ER PT B AU Nass, A Graham, D Kponou, A Mahler, G Makdisi, Y Meng, W Ritter, J Zelenski, A Chapman, M Haeberli, W Wise, T Kokhanovski, S Zubets, V AF Nass, A Graham, D Kponou, A Mahler, G Makdisi, Y Meng, W Ritter, J Zelenski, A Chapman, M Haeberli, W Wise, T Kokhanovski, S Zubets, V BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Atomic beam polarization measurement of the RHIC polarized H-Jet target SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB The RHIC polarized H-Jet measures the polarization of the RHIC proton beam via elastic scattering off a nuclear polarized atomic hydrogen beam. The atomic beam is produced by a dissociator, a beam forming system and sextupole magnets. Nuclear polarization is achieved by exchanging occupation numbers of hyperfine states using high frequency transitions. The polarization was measured using a modified form of a Breit-Rabi polarimeter, including focusing magnets and another set of high frequency transitions. The sampling of a large part of the beam and low noise electronics made it possible to measure the polarization to a high degree of accuracy in a very short time (1 min). Using this system, we measured no depolarization of the atomic beam due to the RF fields of the bunched proton beam. Time-of-Flight measurements were done using a fast chopper and a QMA at the position of the RHIC interaction point, to determine the areal density of the atomic beam seen by the RHIC beam. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nass, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 776 EP 778 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0166 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100163 ER PT B AU Clendenin, JE Brachmann, A Garwin, EL Kirby, RE Luh, DA Maruyama, T Prescott, CY Sheppard, JC Turner, J Prepost, R AF Clendenin, JE Brachmann, A Garwin, EL Kirby, RE Luh, DA Maruyama, T Prescott, CY Sheppard, JC Turner, J Prepost, R BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Polarized electrons for linear colliders SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY ID PHOTOCATHODE AB Future electron-positron linear colliders require a highly polarized electron beam with a pulse structure that depends primarily on whether the acceleration utilizes warm or superconducting RF structures. The International Linear Collider (ILC) will use cold structures for the main linac. It is shown that a DC-biased polarized photoelectron source such as successfully used for the SLC can meet the charge requirements for the ILC micropulse with a polarization approaching 90%. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Clendenin, JE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 787 EP 790 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0169 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100166 ER PT B AU Kageya, T Bade, CM Gibson, C Gluckler, H Lincoln, F Lowry, MM Mahon, J Pap, M Sandorfi, AM Seyfarth, H Stroher, H Wei, X Whisnant, CS AF Kageya, T Bade, CM Gibson, C Gluckler, H Lincoln, F Lowry, MM Mahon, J Pap, M Sandorfi, AM Seyfarth, H Stroher, H Wei, X Whisnant, CS BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Frozen-spin polarized HD target for spin asymmetry experiments SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB Pion photo-production experiments have been performed with a longitudinally polarized HD target and circularly as well as linearly polarized photon beams at the Laser-Electron-Gamma-Source (LEGS) facility at BNL. A Hydrogen-Deuteron target, polarized and aged for 86 days at 15 Tesla in a dilution refrigerator which reached a base temperature of 8 mK, reached a frozen-spin state with polarizations of 15.1 +/- 0.7% and 59.9 +/- 1.5% for deuterons (D) and protons (H), respectively. The target was transfered to an In-beam Cryostat which held the it at 0.9 Tesla and a temperature of 250 mK. Relaxation times in IBC for D and H have been measured to be about 5 months for both. Preliminary double-polarization data are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kageya, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 812 EP 815 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0175 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100172 ER PT B AU Poelker, M Adderley, P Baylac, M Brittian, J Charles, D Clark, J Grames, J Hansknecht, J Kazimi, R Stutzman, M Surles-Law, K AF Poelker, M Adderley, P Baylac, M Brittian, J Charles, D Clark, J Grames, J Hansknecht, J Kazimi, R Stutzman, M Surles-Law, K BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI The status of gallium arsenide photoemission guns at Jefferson Lab SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB Highlights of the polarized beam program at CEBAF at Jefferson Lab will be presented. These include successful completion of portions of parity violation experiments G0 Forward Angle and HAPPEx-II. Experience with commercial modelocked Ti-Sapphire lasers and high polarization strained-superlattice GaAs photocathodes will be discussed. Finally, gun charge lifetime measurements made over the course of many years following charge extraction of nearly 3000 C will be presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Poelker, M (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 891 EP 896 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0179 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100179 ER PT B AU Maruyama, T Luh, D Brachmann, A Clendenin, JE Garwin, EL Harvey, S Jiang, J Kirby, RE Prescott, CY Prepost, R Moy, AM AF Maruyama, T Luh, D Brachmann, A Clendenin, JE Garwin, EL Harvey, S Jiang, J Kirby, RE Prescott, CY Prepost, R Moy, AM BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Polarized electron emission from strained GaAs/GaAsP superlattice photocathodes SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB Spin-polarized electron photoemission has been studied for GaAs/GaAst-xPx strained superlattice cathodes grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. The superlattice structural parameters are systematically varied to optimize the photoemission characteristics. The heavy-hole and light-hole transitions are reproducibly observed in quantum efficiency spectra, enabling direct measurement of the band energies and the energy splitting. Electron-spin polarization as high as 86% with over 1% quantum efficiency has been observed. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Maruyama, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 917 EP 921 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0184 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100184 ER PT B AU Brachmann, A Cone, K Clendenin, JE Garwin, EL Kirby, RE Luh, D Maruyama, T Prepost, R Prescott, CY AF Brachmann, A Cone, K Clendenin, JE Garwin, EL Kirby, RE Luh, D Maruyama, T Prepost, R Prescott, CY BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Laser development for future photocathode research at SLAC SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB This report summarizes results of recent upgrades to SLAC's polarized source drive laser system. A Q-switching system has been incorporated into the flashlamp-pumped Ti:Sapphire laser system. The Q-switched laser provides energies up to 5 mJ for a 200 ns long pulse. Slow Q-switching provides control over length and shape of the laser pulse. A peak current of > 5.5 A has been demonstrated using a GaAs photocathode illuminated by this laser system. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brachmann, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 939 EP 942 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0189 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100189 ER PT B AU Grames, J Adderley, P Baylac, M Brittian, J Charles, D Clark, J Hansknecht, J Poelker, M Stutzman, M Surles-Law, K AF Grames, J Adderley, P Baylac, M Brittian, J Charles, D Clark, J Hansknecht, J Poelker, M Stutzman, M Surles-Law, K BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Lifetime measurements using the Jefferson Lab load-lock electron gun SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB Lifetime measurements of bulk GaAs using a 100 kV load-lock electron gun and beam line were made. Initial tests used anodized samples to study lifetime under various conditions (gun vacuum, laser spot location, activated area). Subsequent tests used a mechanical mask to limit the active area and included improved monitoring of the gun chamber and beam line vacuum pressure. Results of these measurements support claims made at past workshops, namely photocathode lifetime improves when gun vacuum is enhanced and when electron emission from the edge of the photocathode is eliminated. The dependence upon laser spot location is less certain. Tests studying lifetime at higher beam intensity (I similar to 8 mA) have begun. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Grames, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 948 EP 952 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0191 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100191 ER PT B AU Maruyama, T Luh, D Brachmann, A Clendenin, JE Garwin, EL Harvey, S Kirby, RE Prescott, CY Prepost, R AF Maruyama, T Luh, D Brachmann, A Clendenin, JE Garwin, EL Harvey, S Kirby, RE Prescott, CY Prepost, R BE Bradamante, F Bradamante, F Bressan, A Martin, A TI Atomic hydrogen cleaning of polarized GaAs photocathodes SO Spin 2004: 16th International Spin Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Spin Physics Symposium and Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY OCT 10-16, 2004 CL Trieste, ITALY AB Atomic hydrogen cleaning followed by heat cleaning at 450degreesC was used to prepare negative-electron-affinity GaAs photocathodes. When hydrogen ions were eliminated, quantum efficiencies of 15% were obtained for bulk GaAs cathodes, higher than the results obtained using conventional 600degreesC heat cleaning. The low-temperature cleaning technique was successfully applied to thin, strained GaAs cathodes used for producing highly polarized electrons. No depolarization was observed even when the optimum cleaning time of about 30 seconds was extended by a factor of 100. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Maruyama, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-315-6 PY 2005 BP 985 EP 989 DI 10.1142/9789812701909_0198 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BDM85 UT WOS:000234343100198 ER PT J AU van Zwet, EW Kechris, KJ Bickel, PJ Eisen, MB AF van Zwet, EW Kechris, KJ Bickel, PJ Eisen, MB TI Estimating motifs under order restrictions SO STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA REGULATORY MOTIFS; PROTEIN-BINDING SITES; EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NONCODING SEQUENCES; EM ALGORITHM; INFORMATION; ALIGNMENT AB Transcription factors and many other DNA-binding proteins recognize more than one specific sequence. Among sequences recognized by a given DNA-binding protein, different positions exhibit varying degrees of conservation. The reason is that base pairs that are more extensively contacted by the protein tend to be more conserved. This observation can be used in the discovery of transcription factor binding sites. Here we present a rigorous means to accomplish this. In particular, we constrain the order of the information (entropy) in the columns of the position specific weight matrix (PWM) which characterizes the motif being sought. We then show how to compute the maximum likelihood estimate of a PWM under such order restrictions. This computation is easily integrated with the EM algorithm or the Gibbs sampler to enhance performance in the search for motifs in unaligned sequences. We demonstrate our method on a well-known data set of binding sites of the transcription factor Crp in E. coli. C1 Leiden Univ, Inst Math, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP van Zwet, EW (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Inst Math, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM evanzwet@math.leidenuniv.nl; katerina.kechris@uchsc.edu; bickel@stat.berkeley.edu; mbeisen@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1544-6115 J9 STAT APPL GENET MO B JI Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol. PY 2005 VL 4 AR 1 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 055VG UT WOS:000238478100037 ER PT J AU Willse, A Chandler, DP White, A Protic, M Daly, DS Wunschel, S AF Willse, A Chandler, DP White, A Protic, M Daly, DS Wunschel, S TI Comparing bacterial DNA microarray fingerprints SO STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microarray fingerprinting; microbial forensics; molecular epidemiology; finite mixture ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; THURINGIENSIS; CEREUS; DISCOVERY; ARRAYS AB Epidemiologic and forensic investigations often require assays to detect subtle genetic differences between closely related microorganisms. Typically, gel electrophoresis is used to compare randomly amplified DNA fragments between microbial samples, where the patterns of DNA fragment sizes are viewed as genotype 'fingerprints'. The limited genomic sample captured on a gel, however, is not always sufficient to discriminate closely related strains. This paper examines the application of microarray technology to DNA fingerprinting as a high-resolution alternative to gel-based methods. The so-called universal microarray, which uses short oligonucleotide probes that do not target specific genes or species, is intended to be applicable to all microorganisms because it does not require prior knowledge of genomic sequence. In principle, closely related strains can be distinguished if enough independent oligonucleotide probes are used on the microarray, i.e., if the genome is sufficiently sampled. In practice, we confront noisy data, imperfectly matched hybridizations, and a high-dimensional inference problem. We describe the statistical problems of microarray fingerprinting, outline similarities with and differences from more conventional microarray applications, and illustrate a statistical measurement error model to fingerprint 10 closely related strains from three Bacillus species, and 3 strains from non-Bacillus species. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Willse, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Alan.Willse@pnl.gov; dchandler@anl.gov; Amanda.White@pnl.gov; mprotic@anl.gov; ds.daly@pnl.gov; wunschels@charter.net NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1544-6115 J9 STAT APPL GENET MO B JI Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol. PY 2005 VL 4 AR 19 PG 38 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 055VG UT WOS:000238478100019 ER PT B AU Hatta, Y AF Hatta, Y BE Eskola, KJ Kainulainen, K Kajantie, K Rummukainen, K TI Relation between the chiral and deconfinement phase transitions SO STRONG AND ELECTROWEAK MATTER 2004, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 2004) CY JUN 16-19, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Univ Helsinki, Theoret Phys Div, Dept Phys Sci, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn, Helsinki Inst Phys ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; SYMMETRY RESTORATION; POLYAKOV LOOP; QCD; MASS AB Lattice QCD simulations at finite temperature have shown that the chiral phase transition in the chiral limit and the deconfinement phase transition in the quenched limit are continuously connected. I emphasize the nontriviality of this result and propose an unconventional scenario which naturally explains the existing lattice data. The continuity of the two phase transitions is a manifestation of the familiar glueball-meson mixing, which can be traced back to the properties of QCD at zero temperature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hatta, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-135-8 PY 2005 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.1142/9789812702159_0021 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BDN10 UT WOS:000234405800021 ER PT B AU Petrov, K AF Petrov, K BE Eskola, KJ Kainulainen, K Kajantie, K Rummukainen, K TI Singlet free energies of a static quark-antiquark pair SO STRONG AND ELECTROWEAK MATTER 2004, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 2004) CY JUN 16-19, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Univ Helsinki, Theoret Phys Div, Dept Phys Sci, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn, Helsinki Inst Phys ID IMPROVED STAGGERED QUARKS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE QCD; POLYAKOV LOOP; 3 FLAVORS; GAUGE AB We study the singlet part of the free energy of a static quark anti-quark (Q (Q) over bar) pair at finite temperature in three flavor QCD with degenerate quark masses using N-tau = 4 and 6 lattices with Asqtad staggered fermion action. We look at thermodynamics of the system around phase transition and study its scaling with lattice spacing and quark masses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Petrov, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-135-8 PY 2005 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1142/9789812702159_0028 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BDN10 UT WOS:000234405800028 ER PT B AU Weinstock, S Schmidt, MG Prokopec, T AF Weinstock, S Schmidt, MG Prokopec, T BE Eskola, KJ Kainulainen, K Kajantie, K Rummukainen, K TI Transport equations for chiral fermions to order h and electroweak baryogenesis SO STRONG AND ELECTROWEAK MATTER 2004, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 2004) CY JUN 16-19, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Univ Helsinki, Theoret Phys Div, Dept Phys Sci, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn, Helsinki Inst Phys AB Based on the Closed Time Path formalism for problems in non-equilibrium field theory, we derive the relevant kinetic equations for electroweak baryogenesis. These are semiclassiclal Boltzmann equations which are accurate to order h. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11951 USA. RP Weinstock, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11951 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-135-8 PY 2005 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1142/9789812702159_0041 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BDN10 UT WOS:000234405800041 ER PT B AU Stinis, P AF Stinis, P. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI Short-memory Mori-Zwanzig models with application to the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee ID OPTIMAL PREDICTION; SPATIOTEMPORAL CHAOS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; DERIVATION; DYNAMICS; SCALE AB We examine the problem of predicting the evolution of solutions of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation when initial data are missing. We use the Mori-Zwanzig formalism as reformulated by Chorin Hald and Kupferman to construct equations for the reduced system. The resulting equations for the resolved components of the solution are random integrodifferential equations. The accuracy of the predictions depends on the type of projection used in the integral term of the Mori-Zwanzig formalism equations and on the choice of resolved components. The novel features of our work include the first application of the Mori-Zwanzig formalism for the dimensional reduction of a nonlinear, non-Hamiltonian system of equations and the use of a non-invariant measure constructed through inference from empirical data. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Stinis, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 671 EP 676 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450100104 ER PT B AU Pepin, JE Thacker, BH Riha, DS AF Pepin, J. E. Thacker, B. H. Riha, D. S. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI A study of the collapse of spherical shells, part I: Uncertainty quantification SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee AB Current and future Department of Energy (DOE) missions will increasingly rely on large-scale simulations for scientific guidance supporting issues of national importance. Arms control agreements have provided the impetus for national directives to cease production of new strategic weapons and end nuclear testing. Validated numerical methods must be employed in determining the reliability of specific weapon components, including the overall weapon system. The validated numerical models must, however, be based on accurate information of each component's geometry and material properties in an aged condition. To better understand both the predictive capabilities of engineering analysis codes, and enhance the analyst's confidence in those predictions, an integrated experiment and analysis project has been developed. The focus of this project is to generate precise probabilistic structural response simulations using numerical models of commercially available, stainless steel spherical marine floats, under collapse loads, and compare with experimental results. The spherical marine float geometry was chosen because of its simple shape, yet highly complex nonlinear deformation behavior, leading to complex states-of-stress. There is also a wide variability associated with geometry and mechanical properties of commercially available (i.e., off-the-shelf) marine floats. The wide variability is not uncommon, and principally due to numerous forming processes, different operators, etc., which bulk production operations employ for a single material lot. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Pepin, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 909 EP 916 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450101025 ER PT B AU Maupin, R Hylok, J Rutherford, A Anderson, M AF Maupin, R. Hylok, J. Rutherford, A. Anderson, M. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI Validation of a threaded assembly, part I: Overview SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee AB This is the first of three papers that will discuss the validation study of the response of a complex, threaded assembly subjected to an explosive loading. The finite element model created for the assembly will be discussed along with the characterization of the necessary model input parameters, such as friction coefficients and assembly preloads. A comparison between the model and experimental results will be made, along with an assessment of adequacy of the finite element model to this problem. This publication has been approved for unlimited release as LA-UR-05-0952. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maupin, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 941 EP 945 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450101030 ER PT B AU Hylok, J Rutherford, M Maupin, R Anderson, M Groethe, M AF Hylok, J. Rutherford, M. Maupin, R. Anderson, M. Groethe, M. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI Validation of a threaded assembly, part II: Experiments SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee AB This paper is the second of a three-part study on the modeling and analysis of a shock response. It addresses the definition, execution, and analysis of physical experiments that are intended to help validate a high-fidelity analytical model of shock response. One such experiment consists of using a surrogate mass mock of the test article to measure spatial and temporal variations of the shock input. Topics discussed will include the interactions between the analysts and experimentalists to define test measurements, identifying instrumentation requirements, leveraging sensors for both model correlation and model trouble shooting, and general instrumentation/sensors lessons learned. Also discussed will be the challenges and solutions in making the high-speed transient measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hylok, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 947 EP 954 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450101031 ER PT B AU Rutherford, M Maupin, R Hylok, J Anderson, M AF Rutherford, M. Maupin, R. Hylok, J. Anderson, M. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI Validation of a threaded assembly, part III: Validation SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee AB This paper is the third of a three-part study on the modeling and analysis of a shock response. The assessment of prediction accuracy of the numerical simulations is overviewed. Assessing the accuracy of simulations includes defining the sources of uncertainty; quantifying them; propagating the uncertainty through the simulations; assessing its effects on the shock response features of interest; comparing test measurements to numerical predictions. The assessment of prediction accuracy quantifies whether the modeling rules and subsequent calculations can be relied upon to simulate the mechanical shock phenomena of interest. This paper has been approved for unlimited public release on 8 April 2005, LA-UR-05-2500. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Rutherford, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 955 EP 960 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450101032 ER PT B AU Hemez, FM AF Hemez, F. M. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI Predictive modeling assessment of a crushable foam material SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee AB A key aspect of science-based predictive modeling is the assessment of prediction credibility. This publication argues that the credibility of a family of models and their predictions must combine three components: 1) the fidelity of predictions to test data; 2) the robustness of predictions to variability, uncertainty, and lack-of-knowledge; and 3) the prediction accuracy of models in cases where measurements are not available. Recently published Theorems demonstrate the irrevocable trade-offs between fidelity-to-data, robustness-to-uncertainty, and confidence in prediction. Basically, high-fidelity models cannot be made increasingly robust to the lack-of-knowledge. Similarly, robustness-to-uncertainty can only be improved at the cost of reducing the confidence in prediction. In this publication, the theory is illustrated with an engineering application where a family of models is developed to predict the acceleration levels obtained when impacts of varying levels propagate through layers of crushable foam material of varying thicknesses. Convex modeling is invoked to represent a severe lack-of-knowledge about the constitutive material behavior. The analysis produces a mapping of acceptable requirements of fidelity, robustness and confidence offered by a given family of models. It is argued that obtaining this information is necessary to assess the predictive power of models and overall credibility of their predictions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Div X7, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Div X7, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 961 EP 968 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450101033 ER PT B AU Farrar, C Hemez, FM Park, G Tippetts, T Nadler, B Allen, D Sohn, H Wait, J AF Farrar, C. Hemez, F. M. Park, G. Tippetts, T. Nadler, B. Allen, D. Sohn, H. Wait, J. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI Damage prognosis solutions, part I: Overview SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee ID PLATE-THEORY; DELAMINATION AB Damage prognosis is the prediction in near-real-time of the remaining useful life of an engineered system given the measurement and assessment of its current damaged (or aged) state and accompanying predicted performance in anticipated future loading environments. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) along with its university research partners has launched a large-scale, multi-disciplinary program that to develop and integrate advanced embedded sensing technology, tera-scale predictive modeling capabilities for damage evolution, and techniques for correlation-based data compression to address the problem of damage prognosis in aerospace, civil, and mechanical engineering systems. These Damage Prognosis solutions realize information fusion between a robust, densely populated sensing array and a system-specific predictive modeling capability derived from benchmarked high-fidelity tera-scale models. This paper will provide an overview of the project and the current proof of principal experiments being conducted at LANL. The application discussed is the prediction of the delamination growth of composite laminate panels that have been impacted by a projectile. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Farrar, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 975 EP 980 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450101035 ER PT B AU Tippetts, T Hemez, FM Williams, TO AF Tippetts, T. Hemez, F. M. Williams, T. O. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI Damage prognosis solutions, part II: Validation SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee AB This work discusses efforts to develop computational models of composite laminates for damage prognosis. Damage prognosis refers to the Los Alamos National Laboratory project that studies projectile impact induced damage on composite plates. Damage prognosis combines advanced modeling capabilities, large-scale computing, active sensing technologies, and newly developed data interrogation algorithms to identify the occurrence of structural damage, classify its type, and predict its evolution. Because any prognosis must rely on numerical predictions of damage evolution, advanced composite models have been developed and validated. This work describes an approach for physics-based modeling impact damage in a laminate composite plate. The plate structural model uses a finite element formulation with a cohesive zone model (CZM) to simulate the possible fracture surfaces characteristic of impact damage. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Tippetts, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 981 EP 986 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450101036 ER PT J AU Pal, D Eisenberg, D AF Pal, D Eisenberg, D TI Inference of protein function from protein structure SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; FOLD; FAMILIES; DATABASE; ENZYME; RECOGNITION; NETWORKS; SITES; TOOL AB Structural genomics has brought us three-dimensional structures of proteins with unknown functions. To shed light on such structures, we have developed ProKnow (http://www.doe-mbi.ucia.edu/ServicestProKnow), which annotates proteins with Gene Ontology functional terms. The method extracts features from the protein such as 3D fold, sequence, motif, and functional linkages and relates them to function via the ProKnow knowledgebase of features, which links features to annotated functions via annotation profiles. Bayes' theorem is used to compute weights of the functions assigned, using likelihoods based on the extracted features. The description level of the assigned function is quantified by the ontology depth (from 1 = general to 9 = specific). Jackknife tests show 89% correct assignments at ontology depth 1 and 40% at depth 9, with 93% coverage of 1507 distinct folded proteins. Overall, about 70% of the assignments were inferred correctly. This level of performance suggests that ProKnow is a useful resource in functional assessments of novel proteins. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Genom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Genom & Prote, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu RI Pal, Debnath/B-8750-2008 NR 39 TC 110 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.str.2004.10.015 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 893SW UT WOS:000226740500014 PM 15642267 ER PT S AU Nalla, RK Kinney, JH Pople, JA Breunig, TM Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO AF Nalla, RK Kinney, JH Pople, JA Breunig, TM Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO BE Fratzl, P Landis, WJ Wang, R Silver, FH TI Effect of age-induced transparency on the mechanical properties of human dentin SO Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID VITRO FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; ORIENTATION; MODEL AB Most non-traumatic fractures occur in teeth that have been treated, for example restored or endodontically repaired. It is therefore essential to evaluate the structure and mechanical properties of altered forms of dentin. One such altered dentin is transparent (sclerotic) dentin., which forms gradually with aging. Accordingly, in the present study, we seek to study differences in the structure, i.e., dentinal mineral concentration, mineral crystallite size, and the mechanical properties, i.e., elastic moduli, fracture toughness and fatigue behavior, of normal and transparent root dentin. The mineral concentration, measured by x-ray computed tomography, was found to be significantly higher in transparent dentin, with the majority of the increase being due to the closure of the tubule lumens. Crystallite size, as measured by small angle x-ray scattering, appeared to be slightly reduced in transparent dentin, although the difference was not statistically significant. The elastic properties remained unchanged, although transparent dentin showed almost no yield/post-yield behavior. The fracture toughness was lowered by roughly 20%, while the fatigue resistance was deleteriously affected at high stress levels. These results are discussed in terms. of the altered microstructure of transparent dentin. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nalla, RK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-828-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 874 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BDB98 UT WOS:000232487800017 ER PT S AU Vogelsang, W AF Vogelsang, W BE Bourrely, C Meziani, ZE Soffer, J TI Large-x resummations in QCD SO STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON AT LARGE BJORKEN X SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Structure of the Nucleon at Large Bjorken X CY JUL 26-28, 2004 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP Ctr Phys Theor Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, Univ Provence, Jefferson Lab, Temple Univ ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; THRESHOLD RESUMMATION; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; HARD SCATTERING AB We give a brief introduction to the resummation of a class of large logarithmic perturbative corrections to partonic hard-scattering cross sections. These corrections occur in deeplyinelastic structure functions at high Bjorken-x, and near partonic threshold in cross sections for large produced invariant mass or transverse momentum, such as the Drell-Yan process or hadronic prompt-photon production. They are associated with soft and/or collinear gluon emission. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0232-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 747 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBT12 UT WOS:000227666000002 ER PT S AU Bland, LC AF Bland, LC BE Bourrely, C Meziani, ZE Soffer, J TI Status of the RHIC spin program SO STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON AT LARGE BJORKEN X SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Structure of the Nucleon at Large Bjorken X CY JUL 26-28, 2004 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP Ctr Phys Theor Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, Univ Provence, Jefferson Lab, Temple Univ ID ANALYZING-POWER; PI-0 PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION ASYMMETRIES; POLARIZED ANTIPROTONS; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; HARD-SCATTERING; PION-PRODUCTION; 18.5 GEV/C; GEV-C; QCD AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been developing the capability of accelerating, storing and colliding high-energy polarized proton beams over the past several years. During this development phase, important first measurements of cross sections and spin asymmetries for neutral pions produced in polarized proton collisions at root s-=200 GeV have been completed by STAR and PHENIX, the two large collider experiments at RHIC. This contribution reports on progress of the RHIC spin program and provides an outlook for the future. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bland, LC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0232-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 747 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBT12 UT WOS:000227666000010 ER PT S AU Chen, JP AF Chen, JP CA JLab Hall A E94 010 Collaborations BE Bourrely, C Meziani, ZE Soffer, J TI Neutron spin structure measurements in JLab hall A SO STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON AT LARGE BJORKEN X SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Structure of the Nucleon at Large Bjorken X CY JUL 26-28, 2004 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP Ctr Phys Theor Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, Univ Provence, Jefferson Lab, Temple Univ ID SUM-RULES; DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; DENSITIES AB Recent progress from Jefferson Lab has significantly improved our understanding of the nucleon spin structure in the high-x region. Results from two experiments in Hall A are presented. The first experiment is a precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetry, A(1)(n), in the high-x (valence quark) region. The results show for the first time that A 1 becomes positive at large x, strongly breaking SU(6) (spin-flavor) symmetry. The data trend is in good agreement with SU(6)breaking valence quark models and with the fits to the previous world data. Combining the A(1)(n) results with the world A(1)(p) data, the up and down quark spins distributions in the nucleon were extracted. The results showed that for the proton the valence down quark spin is in the opposite direction from that of the proton, in disagreement with predictions of leading-order perturbative QCD models, which neglect quark orbital angular momentum. In the second experiment, the Q(2) dependence of the moments and sum rules of the spin structure in the low to intermediate Q(2) region were measured, providing a unique bridge linking the quark-gluon picture of the nucleon and the coherent hadronic picture. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0232-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 747 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBT12 UT WOS:000227666000012 ER PT S AU Bosted, PE AF Bosted, PE CA CLAS Collaboration BE Bourrely, C Meziani, ZE Soffer, J TI Spin structure of the proton and deuteron with CLAS at Jefferson Lab SO STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON AT LARGE BJORKEN X SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Structure of the Nucleon at Large Bjorken X CY JUL 26-28, 2004 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP Ctr Phys Theor Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, Univ Provence, Jefferson Lab, Temple Univ ID STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS G(1)(P); DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLARIZED LEPTONS; Q(2)-DEPENDENCE; NUCLEONS AB The EG1 experiment at Jefferson Lab used the CLAS detector to measure inclusive, semi-inclusive, and exclusive reactions with longitudinally polarized electrons scattering from longitudinally polarized protons and deuterons. Preliminary results for g(1)(p) and g(1)(d) are presented for a subset of the inclusive data. The data span a large kinematic range, 0.02 < Q(2) < 5 GeV2 and 0.05 < x < 1, covering the region where nucleon resonances dominate as well as the traditional DIS region. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bosted, PE (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0232-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 747 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBT12 UT WOS:000227666000013 ER PT S AU Melnitchouk, W AF Melnitchouk, W BE Bourrely, C Meziani, ZE Soffer, J TI Quark-hadron duality: Higher twists and large-x structure functions SO STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON AT LARGE BJORKEN X SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Structure of the Nucleon at Large Bjorken X CY JUL 26-28, 2004 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP Ctr Phys Theor Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, Univ Provence, Jefferson Lab, Temple Univ ID SUM AB I review recent developments in the study of quark-hadron duality in inclusive electron scattering in the resonance-scaling transition region. Results on matrix elements of twist-4 operators extracted from moments of the spin-dependent g(1) structure function suggest that duality violating higher twists are small above Q(2) similar to 1 GeV2. The systematics of the x dependence of local duality are analyzed within a quark model framework, and mechanisms are identified for spin-flavor symmetry breaking which underpin the behavior of structure functions at large x. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0232-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 747 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBT12 UT WOS:000227666000016 ER PT S AU Thomas, AW AF Thomas, AW BE Bourrely, C Meziani, ZE Soffer, J TI Large x behaviour and the non-perturbative structure of hadronic systems SO STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON AT LARGE BJORKEN X SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Structure of the Nucleon at Large Bjorken X CY JUL 26-28, 2004 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP Ctr Phys Theor Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, Univ Provence, Jefferson Lab, Temple Univ ID NUCLEON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ASYMMETRY; RATIO; QCD; SCATTERING; PROTON; SPIN; SEA AB While the traditional interest in structure functions has been the confirmation of the predictions of perturbative QCD, this data also contains a wealth of information on how QCD works in the infrared, or confinement, region. As the challenge of the strong force now turns to the study of QCD in the non-perturbative region, such information is extremely valuable. We outline some of the key issues for both nucleon and nuclear structure functions. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0232-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 747 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBT12 UT WOS:000227666000035 ER PT S AU de Jager, K AF de Jager, K BE Bourrely, C Meziani, ZE Soffer, J TI Research perspectives at Jefferson Lab: 12 GeV and beyond SO STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON AT LARGE BJORKEN X SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Structure of the Nucleon at Large Bjorken X CY JUL 26-28, 2004 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP Ctr Phys Theor Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, Univ Provence, Jefferson Lab, Temple Univ AB The plans for upgrading the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab to 12 GeV are presented. The research program supporting that upgrade is illustrated with a few selected examples. The instrumentation under design to carry out that research program is discussed. Finally, a conceptual design of a future upgrade which combines a 25 GeV fixed-target facility and an electron-ion collider facility at a luminosity of up to 10(35) cm(-2)s(-1) and a CM energy of up to 65 GeV. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP de Jager, K (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0232-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 747 BP 248 EP 253 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBT12 UT WOS:000227666000040 ER PT B AU Williamson, RL Beaman, JJ Zanner, FJ DeBarbadillo, JJ AF Williamson, Rodney L. Beaman, Joseph J. Zanner, Frank J. DeBarbadillo, John J. BA Loria, EA BF Loria, EA TI Advancing Alloy 718 vacuum arc remelting technology through developing model-based controls SO Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Derivatives, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Derivatives CY OCT 02-05, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Structural Mat Div DE vacuum arc remelting; model-based controls; VAR process model ID MELT RATE CONTROL; ELECTRODE-GAP AB The Specialty Metals Processing Consortium (SMPC) was established in 1990 with the goal of advancing the technology of melting and remelting nickel and titanium alloys. In recent years, the SMPC technical program has focused on developing technology to improve control over the final ingot remelting and solidification processes to alleviate conditions that lead to the formation of inclusions and positive and negative segregation. A primary objective is the development of advanced monitoring and control techniques for application to vacuum arc remelting (VAR), with special emphasis on VAR of Alloy 718. This has lead to the development of an accurate, low order electrode melting model for this alloy as well as an advanced process estimator that provides real-time estimates of important process variables such as electrode temperature distribution, instantaneous melt rate, process efficiency, fill ratio, and voltage bias. This, in turn, has enabled the development and industrial application of advanced VAR process monitoring and control systems. The technology is based on the simple idea that the set of variables describing the state of the process must be self-consistent as required by the dynamic process model. The output of the process estimator comprises the statistically optimal estimate of this self-consistent set. Process upsets such as those associated with glows and cracked electrodes are easily identified using estimator based methods. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williamson, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEQ87 UT WOS:000238978500005 ER PT B AU Evans, ND Maziasz, PJ Shingledecker, JP AF Evans, Neal D. Maziasz, Philip J. Shingledecker, John P. BA Loria, EA BF Loria, EA TI Creep-testing foils and sheets of alloy 625 for microturbine recuperators SO Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Derivatives, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Derivatives CY OCT 02-05, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Structural Mat Div C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Evans, ND (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2005 BP 721 EP 721 PG 1 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEQ87 UT WOS:000238978500071 ER PT S AU Egami, T AF Egami, T BE Muller, KA BussmannHolder, A TI Electron-phonon coupling in high-T-c superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE lattice effect; phonons; electron-phonon coupling; mechanism of superconductivity ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; LO PHONONS; POLARIZATION; LA2-XSRXCUO4; DEPENDENCE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCITATIONS AB For a long time the majority opinion on the role of phonons in the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity has been that it is either irrelevant or even harmful, in spite of a large amount of experimental observations on the lattice effects. However, recent more direct experimental evidence of strong electron-phonon coupling and isotope effects suggest that we should not dismiss its role so easily. We argue that the electron-phonon coupling in strongly correlated electron systems is unconventional and substantially different from that in simple metals. In the cuprates certain phonons induce strong inter-site charge transfer, which can be spin dependent. This could lead to a strong spin-charge-phonon coupling, and to formation of the vibronic state in the presence of nano-scale phase separation. It is most likely that the unconventional electron-phonon coupling is the critical element of the mechanism of superconductivity in the cuprates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-5993 BN 3-540-23124-2 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2005 VL 114 BP 267 EP 285 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BDD59 UT WOS:000232950400008 ER PT J AU Su, HB Welch, DO AF Su, HB Welch, DO TI The effects of space charge, dopants, and strain fields on surfaces and grain boundaries in YBCO compounds SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; IONIC-CRYSTALS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DISLOCATIONS; CONDUCTORS; INTERFACES; SIMULATION; BICRYSTALS; DEFECTS AB Statistical thermodynamical and kinetically-limited models are applied to study the origin and evolution of space charges and band-bending effects at low-angle [001] tilt grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7 and the effects of Ca doping upon them. Atomistic simulations, using shell models of interatomic forces, are used to calculate the energetics of various relevant point defects. The intrinsic space charge profiles at ideal surfaces are calculated for two limits of oxygen contents, i.e. YBa2Cu3O6 and YBa2Cu3O7. At one limit, O-6, the system is an insulator, while at O-7 it is a metal. This is analogous to the intrinsic and doping cases of semiconductors. The site selections for doping calcium and creating holes are also investigated by calculating the heat of solution. In a continuum treatment, the volume of formation of doping calcium at Y-sites is computed. It is then applied to study the segregation of calcium ions to grain boundaries in the Y-123 compound. The influences of the segregation of calcium ions on space charge profiles are finally studied to provide one guide for understanding the improvement of transport properties by doping calcium at grain boundaries in the Y-123 compound. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Su, HB (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM hbsu@wag.caltech.edu; dwelch@bnl.gov OI Su, Haibin/0000-0001-9760-6567 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/18/005 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 896AT UT WOS:000226907700008 ER PT J AU Cheon, JH Shankar, PS Singh, JP AF Cheon, JH Shankar, PS Singh, JP TI Influence of processing methods on residual stress evolution in coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; CRITICAL THICKNESS; DEPOSITION; METAL; MICROSTRUCTURE; ANISOTROPY; YBA2CU3O7; TEXTURE AB Several processing methods are under study for deposition of different layers of YBa2Cu3O7-x- (YBCO-) coated conductors. The effect of these processing techniques on residual stress evolution in thin films of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and YBCO was evaluated by measurement of the residual stresses using x-ray diffraction (XRD). The YSZ films (textured and nontextured) were deposited on Hastelloy C substrates by ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD), and the YBCO films were deposited on lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sol-gel techniques. The measured residual stresses in the YSZ films (both textured and nontextured) were more compressive than the calculated thermal mismatch stress between Hastelloy C and YSZ, apparently due to intrinsic compressive stresses induced in the YSZ films during IBAD processing. In addition, a lower compressive residual stress was measured in the textured YSZ film compared to the nontextured film because of a reduction in the intrinsic compressive stress in the textured film. PLD processing of YBCO films on LaAlO3 substrate resulted in a lower tensile residual stress (in the YBCO film) than the calculated thermal mismatch stress between YBCO and LaAlO3. This difference is attributed to the generation of intrinsic compressive stresses in the YBCO film during PLD, in a manner similar to IBAD. In comparison to IBAD and PLD, sol-gel processing apparently generated negligible intrinsic stresses, resulting in a good agreement between the measured residual stress in the YBCO film and the calculated thermal mismatch stress between YBCO and LaAlO3. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cheon, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shankar@anl.gov NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/18/1/022 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 896AT UT WOS:000226907700025 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Sperry, EA Cooley, LD Moodenbaugh, AM Sabatini, RL Wright, JL AF Ghosh, AK Sperry, EA Cooley, LD Moodenbaugh, AM Sabatini, RL Wright, JL TI Dynamic stability high-performance threshold in internal-tin Nb3Sn superconductors for high field magnets SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NMR AB Modem Nb3Sn strands can now exceed 3000 A mm(-2) critical current density J(c) at 4.2 K and 12 T within the non-copper area. However, the aggressive reaction used to achieve this performance causes the Nb3Sn filaments to coalesce into a single large, continuous ring of superconductor, and also allows tin to penetrate through diffusion barriers and alloy with the copper stabilizer. This results in a lack of adiabatic stability, due to the combination of high J(c) and large superconductor diameter, and a strong reduction of dynamic stability, due to the reduction of the copper's thermal conductivity. Under these circumstances, flux jumps at low fields are inevitable, and the associated heat release could propagate along the conductor in a quench. In magnets, this means that quenches could be initiated in low-field regions at currents well below the designed operating current. We show that by limiting the final reaction duration, it is possible to keep the quench current density above J(c), thus ensuring flux-jump recovery along the entire magnet load line. For the example studied, keeping the residual resistivity ratio above similar to20 ensures safe operation. This was achieved for final reactions of 40 h or less, instead of the typical 72-200 h. Surprisingly, the performance penalty was small: a 24 h final reaction reached >90% of the highest J(c) obtained. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy in a SEM did not reveal any detectable tin in the copper for stable strands, but in unstable strands as much as 4% Sn was found in the copper between sub-elements, suggesting that the contamination is rather local. The thermal conductivity of the stabilizer should then vary strongly with distance from the sub-element pack to the strand perimeter, complicating stability analyses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ghosh, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015; OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980; Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/18/1/L02 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 896AT UT WOS:000226907700002 ER PT S AU Mehta, NJ Roy, S Johnson, JA Woodford, J Zinovev, A Islam, Z Erdemir, A Sinha, S Fenske, G Prorok, B AF Mehta, NJ Roy, S Johnson, JA Woodford, J Zinovev, A Islam, Z Erdemir, A Sinha, S Fenske, G Prorok, B BE Basu, SN Krzanowski, JE Patscheider, J Gogotsi, Y TI X-ray studies of near-frictionless carbon films. SO SURFACE ENGINEERING 2004 - FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON; REFLECTIVITY AB Carbon-based coatings exhibit many attractive properties that make them good candidates for a wide range of engineering applications. Tribological studies of the films have revealed a close correlation between the chemistry of the hydrocarbon source gases and the coefficients of friction and wear rates of the diamond-like carbon films. Those films grown in source gases with higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratios had much lower coefficients of friction and wear rates than did films derived from source gases with lower hydrogen-to-carbon ratios. The mechanism for this low friction is as yet not properly understood. Ongoing structural characterization of the films at Argonne National Laboratory is gradually revealing this mechanism. Recent studies have included x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and x-ray reflectivity (XRR). XPS showed similar to 10% oxygen at the surface, which was largely removed after a 1 minute sputter; NEXAFS showed a high sp(2):sp(3) ratio implying a highly graphitic material; and XRR has given a comprehensive depth profile, with three layers of increasing density as the substrate was approached. The paper discusses the results and correlation with previous friction measurements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mehta, NJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-791-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 843 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCH96 UT WOS:000229372000007 ER PT S AU Weil, KS Deibler, JE Hardy, JS Kim, DS Xia, GG Coyle, CA AF Weil, KS Deibler, JE Hardy, JS Kim, DS Xia, GG Coyle, CA BE Weil, KS Reimanis, IE Lewinsohn, CA TI An engineering test useful in developing glass seals for planar solid oxide fuel cells SO SURFACES, INTERFACES, AND THE SCIENCE OF CERAMIC JOINING SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Developing reliable, hermetic ceramic-to-metal seals has become a key issue to the future success of planar solid oxide fuel cell (pSOFC) technology. In the course of designing and fabricating operating pSOFC stacks at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory over the past several years, we have relied on a simple, but extremely useful seal testing technique that allows us to screen through the numerous variables involved in developing glass seals. Here we discuss the design of the test apparatus and the procedure we employed when using the test to analyze the effects of various processing parameters on the hermeticity and durability of our glass seals. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-179-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 158 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP64 UT WOS:000226900400008 ER PT S AU Kim, JY Weil, KS Hardy, JS AF Kim, JY Weil, KS Hardy, JS BE Weil, KS Reimanis, IE Lewinsohn, CA TI Wetting and mechanical characteristics of the reactive air braze for yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) jointing SO SURFACES, INTERFACES, AND THE SCIENCE OF CERAMIC JOINING SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ALUMINA AB Reactive air brazing (RAB) technique was developed as an effective alternative for the joining of complicated ceramic parts. It was found that additions of CuO to silver exhibit a tremendous effect on both the wettability and joint strength characteristics of the subsequent braze relative to polycrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. The wettability of Ag-CuO braze on YSZ was substantially improved with CuO contents in the observed range between 1 an 8 mol%. The corresponding bend strength of the brazed YSZ joints appearred to moderately increase with CuO content. The addition of a small amount of titanium also helped improve wettability, especially at the low CuO content. However, no corresponding substantial improvement was observed in the titanium-added braze. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-179-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 158 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP64 UT WOS:000226900400011 ER PT S AU Yang, Z Xia, G Meinhardt, KD Weil, KS Stevenson, JW AF Yang, Z Xia, G Meinhardt, KD Weil, KS Stevenson, JW BE Weil, KS Reimanis, IE Lewinsohn, CA TI Glass sealing in planar SOFC stacks and chemcal stability of seal interfaces SO SURFACES, INTERFACES, AND THE SCIENCE OF CERAMIC JOINING SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; ALLOY; INTERCONNECT; DEGRADATION AB In intermediate temperature planar SOFC stacks, the interconnect, which is typically made from cost-effective oxidation resistant high temperature alloys, is typically sealed to the ceramic PEN (Positive electrode-Electrolyte-Negative electrode) by a scaling glass. To maintain the structural stability and minimize the degradation of stack performance, the sealing glass has to be chemically compatible with the PEN and alloy interconnects. In the present study, the chemical compatibility of a barium-calcium-aluminosilicate (BCAS) based glass-ceramic (specifically developed as a sealant in SOFC stacks) with a number of selected oxidation resistant high temperature alloys, as well as the YSZ electrolyte, was evaluated. This paper reports the results of that study, with a particular focus on Crofer22 APU, a new ferritic stainless steel that was developed specifically for SOFC interconnect applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, Z (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-179-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 158 BP 135 EP 146 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP64 UT WOS:000226900400014 ER PT S AU Hardy, JS Weil, KS Kim, JY Darsell, JT AF Hardy, JS Weil, KS Kim, JY Darsell, JT BE Weil, KS Reimanis, IE Lewinsohn, CA TI Pd-modified reactive air braze for increased melting temperature SO SURFACES, INTERFACES, AND THE SCIENCE OF CERAMIC JOINING SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Reactive air brazing (RAB) creates junctions between oxide surfaces that can withstand joining and operating temperatures up to 900degreesC in oxidizing environments. This makes RAB an attractive joining method for creating seals in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) which operate at temperatures between 700 and 850degreesC and comprise cathode materials which are intolerant of reducing environments. Many planar SOFC designs require a two-step sealing process which in turn demands that the softening or melting point of the material used in the initial joining step be sufficiently higher than the joining temperature of the material used in the final step to ensure that the integrity of the initial seals is retained. The goal of this study is to investigate whether adding Pd to a Ag-Cu RAB might produce a braze composition that can be used in a two-step sealing process with an unmodified Ag-Cu RAB so that both sets of seals can be reactive air brazed. In order to model the initial sealing step in planar SOFCs which generally involves sealing a yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte to a support frame, reactive air brazing of YSZ is the focus of this study. It was found that RAB compositions containing a 15 mol% Pd : 85 mol% Ag alloy with 8 mol% Cu added may provide the wettability, mechanical strength, and melting characteristics required for use in a two-step SOFC sealing approach. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hardy, JS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-179-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 158 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP64 UT WOS:000226900400015 ER PT S AU Weil, KS Rice, JP AF Weil, KS Rice, JP BE Weil, KS Reimanis, IE Lewinsohn, CA TI Evaluation of gold ABA braze for joining high temperature electrochemical device components SO SURFACES, INTERFACES, AND THE SCIENCE OF CERAMIC JOINING SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; FILLER METALS AB The oxidation behaviour of a commercially available ceramic-to-metal braze alloy, Gold ABA, was investigated to evaluate its potential use in joining solid-state electrochemical device components. High temperature air exposure studies were performed on as-received braze alloy foils, on braze couples prepared with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and 430 stainless steel substrates, and on brazed YSZ/430 joints. The results of our investigations demonstrate that the substrates can play an important role in determining the overall oxidation resistance of the brazed joint. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-179-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 158 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP64 UT WOS:000226900400016 ER PT S AU Hardy, JS Weil, KS Kim, JY Thomsen, EC Darsell, JT AF Hardy, JS Weil, KS Kim, JY Thomsen, EC Darsell, JT BE Weil, KS Reimanis, IE Lewinsohn, CA TI TiO2-modified Ag-CuO reactive air brazes for improved wettability on mixed ionic/electronic conductors SO SURFACES, INTERFACES, AND THE SCIENCE OF CERAMIC JOINING SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CERAMICS AB Mixed ionic/electronic conducting perovskite oxides such as lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF) and doped barium cerates are candidate functional materials for electrochemical devices such as gas separation membranes and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, taking full advantage of the unique properties of advanced ceramics such as mixed conducting oxides depends in large part on developing reliable joining techniques that can be fired and operated under high temperature exposure to air. An electrically conductive ceramic-to-metal joining material would further benefit the device because it would allow current to be either drawn from or carried to the functional mixed conducting oxide component in these devices without requiring an additional current collector. Reactive air brazing (RAB) is a joining technique that can be carried out in air using AgCu-based brazing alloys that wet oxide ceramic surfaces, creating a joint with a non-brittle filler material that is electrically conductive. The effect of adding 0.5 mol% Ti to the RAB alloy on surface wettability, long-term electrical resistivity at 750degreesC, and reactivity with the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta (LSCF-6428 or LSCF) substrates will be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hardy, JS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-179-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 158 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP64 UT WOS:000226900400017 ER PT J AU Dunlop, MW Lavraud, B Cargill, P Taylor, MGGT Balogh, A Reme, H Decreau, P Glassmeier, KH Elphic, RC Bosqued, JM Fazakerley, AN Dandouras, I Escoubet, CP Laakso, H Marchaudon, A AF Dunlop, MW Lavraud, B Cargill, P Taylor, MGGT Balogh, A Reme, H Decreau, P Glassmeier, KH Elphic, RC Bosqued, JM Fazakerley, AN Dandouras, I Escoubet, CP Laakso, H Marchaudon, A TI Cluster observations of the cusp: Magnetic structure and dynamics SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Geophys Union DE boundary dynamics; clustermagnetospheric cusps ID FIELD ANALYSIS TOOLS; HIGH-ALTITUDE CUSPS; SOLAR-WIND; POLAR CUSP; DISCONTINUITY ANALYZER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PLASMA; MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERE; RECONNECTION AB This paper reviews Cluster observations of the high altitude and exterior (outer) cusp, and adjacent regions in terms of new multi-spacecraft analysis and the geometry of the surrounding boundary layers. Several crossings are described in terms of the regions sampled, the boundary dynamics and the electric current signatures observed. A companion paper in this issue focuses on the detailed plasma distributions of the boundary layers. The polar Cluster orbits take the four spacecraft in a changing formation out of the magnetosphere, on the northern leg, and into the magnetosphere, on the southern leg, of the orbits. During February to April the orbits are centred on a few hours of local noon and, on the northern leg, generally pass consecutively through the northern lobe and the cusp at mid- to high-altitudes. Depending upon conditions, the spacecraft often sample the outer cusp region, near the magnetopause, and the dayside and tail boundary layer regions adjacent to the central cusp. On the southern, inbound leg the sequence is reversed. Cluster has therefore sampled the boundaries around the high altitude cusp and nearby magnetopause under a variety of conditions. The instruments onboard provide unprecedented resolution of the plasma and field properties of the region, and the simultaneous, four-spacecraft coverage achieved by Cluster is unique. The spacecraft array forms a nearly regular tetrahedral configuration in the cusp and already the mission has covered this region on multiple spatial scales (100-2000 km). This multi-spacecraft coverage allows spatial and temporal features to be distinguished to a large degree and, in particular, enables the macroscopic properties of the boundary layers to be identified: the orientation, motion and thickness, and the associated current layers. We review the results of this analysis for a number of selected crossings from both the North and South cusp regions. Several key results have been found or have confirmed earlier work: (1) evidence for magnetically defined boundaries at both the outer cusp/magnetosheath interface and the inner cusp/lobe or cusp/dayside magnetosphere interface, as would support the existence of a distinct exterior cusp region; (2) evidence for an associated indentation region on the magnetopause across the outer cusp; (3) well defined plasma boundaries at the edges of the mid- to high-altitude cusp "throat", and well defined magnetic boundaries in the high-altitude "throat", consistent with a funnel geometry; (4) direct control of the cusp position, and its extent, by the IMF, both in the dawn/dusk and North/South directions. The exterior cusp, in particular, is highly dependent on the external conditions prevailing. The magnetic field geometry is sometimes complex, but often the current layer has a well defined thickness ranging from a few hundred (for the inner cusp boundaries) to 1000 km. Motion of the inner cusp boundaries can occur at speeds up to 60 km/s, but typically 10-20 km/s. These speeds appear to represent global motion of the cusp in some cases, but also could arise from expansion or narrowing in others. The mid- to high-altitude cusp usually contains enhanced ULF wave activity, and the exterior cusp usually is associated with a substantial reduction in field magnitude. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, SSTD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ Orleans, F-45071 Orleans, France. TUBS, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Braunschweig, Germany. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. ESA, ESTEC RSSD, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. CETP, F-94107 St Maur des Fosses, France. RP Rutherford Appleton Lab, SSTD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM m.dunlop@rl.ac.uk OI Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 EI 1573-0956 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s10712-005-1871-7 PG 51 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 954LX UT WOS:000231157700002 ER PT J AU Zong, QG Fritz, TA Korth, A Daly, PW Dunlop, M Balogh, A Fennell, JF Sullivan, JD Friedel, RWH Reme, H AF Zong, QG Fritz, TA Korth, A Daly, PW Dunlop, M Balogh, A Fennell, JF Sullivan, JD Friedel, RWH Reme, H TI Energetic electrons as a field line topology tracer in the high latitude boundary/cusp region: Cluster RAPID observations SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Geophys Union DE boundary; cusp; electron; energetic ions; magnetosphere; reconnection ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; ANISOTROPIC-PLASMA; POLAR CUSP; ROTATIONAL DISCONTINUITIES; MAGNETOPAUSE STRUCTURE; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; OXYGEN IONS AB Energetic electrons (e.g., 50 keV) travel along field lines with a high speed of around 20 R(E)s-1. These swift electrons trace out field lines in the magnetosphere in a rather short time, and therefore can provide nearly instantaneous information about the changes in the field configuration in regions of geospace. The energetic electrons in the high latitude boundary regions (including the cusp) have been examined in detail by using Cluster/RAPID data for four consecutive high latitude/cusp crossings between 16 March and 19 March 2001. Energetic electrons with high and stable fluxes were observed in the time interval when the IMF had a predominately positive B(z) component. These electrons appeared to be associated with a lower plasma density exhibiting no obvious tailward plasma flow (< 20 keV). On the other hand, no electrons or only spike-like electron events have been observed in the cusp region during southward IMF. At that time, the plasma density was as high as that in the magnetosheath and was associated with a clear tailward flow. The fact that no stable energetic electron fluxes were observed during southward IMF indicates that the cusp has an open field line geometry. The observations indicate that both the South and North high latitude magnetospheric boundary regions (including both North and South cusp) can be energetic particle trapping regions. The energetic electron observations provide new ways to investigate the dynamic cusp processes. Finally, trajectory tracing of test particles has been performed using the Tsyganenko 96 model; this demonstrates that energetic particles (both ions and electrons) may be indeed trapped in the high latitude magnetosphere. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, London, England. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CESR, Toulouse, France. RP Zong, QG (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM zong@bu.edu RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010; Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s10712-005-1879-z PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 954LX UT WOS:000231157700009 ER PT J AU Bhuvanesh, NSP Reibenspies, JH Golden, ML Darensbourg, MY Zhang, YG Lee, PL AF Bhuvanesh, NSP Reibenspies, JH Golden, ML Darensbourg, MY Zhang, YG Lee, PL TI The vapochromic behavior, desulfoxidation and structural characterization of the SO2 adducts of Ni(BME-DACH) from powder data SO SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY IN INORGANIC METAL-ORGANIC AND NANO-METAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vapochromic behavior; desulfoxidation; micro-powder; X-ray diffraction ID DETECTOR SYSTEMS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; CALIBRATION; DISTORTIONS; CONVERSION; SULFATE; NICKEL AB Ab-initio structure determination of Ni(BME-DACH). SO2 has been carried out by a combination of real space methods and Rietveld analysis from powder X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from microgram quantities of the compound mounted on a nylon loop (space group. P2(1)/c, a = 8.871(1), b = 14.480(1), c = 10.576(1) angstrom, beta = 95.98(1)degrees. The structure of Ni(BME-DACH). SO2 shows that Ni(BME-DACH) complex remains intact and is related to the structure of Ni(BME-DACH).2SO(2), providing a platform for SO2 binding. We have also followed the desulfoxidation of the 2SO(2) adduct by in-situ micro-powder X-ray diffraction and, based on the results, a mechanism is proposed. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bhuvanesh, NSP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. EM nbhuv@tamu.edu; j-reibenspies@tamu.edu RI Darensbourg, Marcetta/O-5093-2014 OI Darensbourg, Marcetta/0000-0002-0070-2075 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1553-3174 J9 SYNTH REACT INORG ME JI Synth. React. Inorg. Met.-Org. Nano-Metal Chem. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1081/SIM-200047506 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 918GY UT WOS:000228531500003 ER PT S AU Barnard, A AF Barnard, A BE Gruen, DM Shenderova, OA Vul, A TI From nanodiamond to nanowires SO SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Russian Fdn Basic Res DE diamond; nanodiamond; nanowire; morphology; ab initio; density functional theory ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FILMS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CARBON; STABILITY; SURFACES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSFORMATION; MORPHOLOGIES AB Recent advances in the fabrication and characterization of semiconductor and metallic nanowires are proving very successful in meeting the high expectations of nanotechnologists. Although the nanoscience surrounding sp(2) bonded carbon nanotubes has continued to flourish over recent years the successful synthesis of the sp(3) analogue, diamond nanowires, has been limited. This prompts questions as to whether diamond nanowires are fundamentally unstable. By applying knowledge obtained from examining the structural transformations in nanodiamond, a framework for analyzing the structure and stability of diamond nanowires may be established. One possible framework will be discussed here, supported by results of ab initio density functional theory calculations used to study the structural relaxation of nanodiamond and diamond nanowires. The results show that the structural stability and electronic properties of diamond nanowires are dependent on the surface morphology, crystallographic direction of the principal axis, and the degree of surface hydrogenation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barnard, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amanda.barnard@anl.gov RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011 OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-3320-6 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2005 VL 192 BP 25 EP 38 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BCP62 UT WOS:000230594500003 ER PT B AU Curtiss, LA Zapol, P Sternberg, M Redfern, PC Horner, DA Gruen, DM AF Curtiss, LA Zapol, P Sternberg, M Redfern, PC Horner, DA Gruen, DM BE Gruen, DM Shenderova, OA Vul, A TI Quantum chemical studies of growth mechanisms of ultrananocrystalline diamond SO Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Russian Fdn Basic Res DE diamond; surface reactions; growth mechanisms; quantum chemical calculations; CN precursor ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; FILM GROWTH; ADDITIONS; DICARBON AB Computational studies of growth mechanisms on diamond surfaces based on C-2 precursor have been reviewed. The investigations have postulated reaction mechanisms with diamond growth occurring by insertion of C-2 into the C-H bonds of the hydrogen-terminated diamond surface or into pi-bonded carbon dimers on dehydrogenated diamond surfaces. Reaction barriers for both growth and renucleation at (011) and (100) diamond surfaces had been calculated using quantum chemistry approaches. Preliminary results on growth mechanism involving CN precursors are also reported. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3320-6 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2005 VL 192 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BCP62 UT WOS:000230594500004 ER PT B AU Williams, OA Zimmermann, T Kubovic, M Denisenko, A Kohn, E Jackman, RB Gruen, DM AF Williams, OA Zimmermann, T Kubovic, M Denisenko, A Kohn, E Jackman, RB Gruen, DM BE Gruen, DM Shenderova, OA Vul, A TI Electronic properties and applications of ultrananocrystalline diamond SO Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Russian Fdn Basic Res DE Hall effect; n-type conductivity; diamond; nanocrystalline ID TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS-CARBON; NITROGEN; FILMS AB Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) is a 3-5 mu m grain size material with many of the properties of diamond. Whilst intrinsic UNCD films display a mild p-type characteristic with high resistivity, the addition of nitrogen to the gas phase during deposition renders the material n-type with low resistivity and activation energy. Hall effect measurements as a function of temperature show that this conductivity mechanism is semi metallic, with the carrier concentration decreasing very gradually with decreasing temperature. Increasing the nitrogen content in the gas phase during deposition results in higher carrier concentrations in the deposited films and lower activation energies. The carrier mobilities of the films are limited by the grain size of the films. A prototype heterostructure diode is demonstrated, combining single crystal and ultrananocrystalline diamond. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Williams, OA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Williams, Oliver/B-2776-2009 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3320-6 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2005 VL 192 BP 373 EP 382 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BCP62 UT WOS:000230594500031 ER PT S AU Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Zhai, HY Gapud, AA Martin, PM Leonard, KJ Goyal, A Christen, DK AF Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Zhai, HY Gapud, AA Martin, PM Leonard, KJ Goyal, A Christen, DK BE WongNg, W Goyal, A Guo, R Bhalla, AS TI Perovskite type buffers for YBCO coated conductors SO SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF PEROVSKITE-BASED MATERIALS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID LANIO3 MULTILAYERS; GROWTH; SRRUO3; TAPES AB Coated conductor applications in power technologies require stabilization of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) layers against thermal runaway. One route to stabilization is through the use of conducting buffer layers that provide good electrical and/or thermal connectivity throughout the laminate structure. Perovskite based conducting oxide buffers such as LaNiO3 (LNO), SrRuO3 (SRO), and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) have been developed for Rolling-Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates (RABiTS) approach. Using sputtering, three multi-layer architectures such as SRO/LNO/Ni; LSMO/Ni/Cu; and LSMO/Ir/Ni-W were developed. High J(c) YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films were grown on these conductive architectures using pulsed laser deposition. Detailed temperature dependent resistivity measurements indicate that YBCO/LSMO/Ir/Ni-W tape is fully conductive. A self-field J(c) of 2.2 MA/cm(2) at 77 K was achieved for this tape. Both cross-sectional TEM and SIMS studies indicated the presence of clean substrate/buffer interface. These results demonstrate that LSMO/Ir multilayers may provide a fully conductive architecture for biaxially textured Cu and/or Cu-alloy substrates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-190-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 169 BP 49 EP 58 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BBR78 UT WOS:000227471800004 ER PT S AU Miller, DJ Trasobares, S Koritala, R AF Miller, DJ Trasobares, S Koritala, R BE WongNg, W Goyal, A Guo, R Bhalla, AS TI Microstructural aspects of inclined substrate deposition templates for coated conductors SO SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF PEROVSKITE-BASED MATERIALS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID FILMS AB Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) has been developed as an efficient and economical method to produce biaxially textured templates useful in the fabrication of YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) coated conductors. In this work we have focused on an architecture that consists of an ISD MgO layer capped with a thin homoeptiaxial layer of MgO and a single perovskite (SrRuO3) buffer layer. The single perovskite buffer layer promotes improved texture and eliminates the necessity for deposition of additional layers that reduce the overall efficiency of the ISD approach. With a terminal surface consisting of a perovskite, epitaxial growth of YBCO leads to an inclined orientation. Compared to ISD-based conductors prepared using a CeO2 buffer, this architecture typically exhibits better transport critical current densities that can be correlated with an improvement in texture attributed to the perovskite buffer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Trasobares, Susana/H-5282-2015; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Trasobares, Susana/0000-0003-3820-4327; Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-190-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 169 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BBR78 UT WOS:000227471800007 ER PT B AU Jones, ED AF Jones, ED BE Arai, T Yamamoto, S Makino, K TI Managing complex and dynamic systems for the future SO Systems and Human Science - For Safety, Security and Dependability LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Systems and Human Science for Safety, Security, and Dependability CY NOV, 2003 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Soc Instrumentat Control Engineers, Robot Soc Japan AB The challenges of modern complicated systems regarding their design, analysis, and management are put in a historical context to better propose a framework for the future involving complementary uses of testing, modeling, and performance functions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jones, ED (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-634, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-51813-4 PY 2005 BP 55 EP + DI 10.1016/B978-044451813-2/50005-1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCM72 UT WOS:000230002200003 ER PT B AU Ko, TH Berry, NM AF Ko, TH Berry, NM GP ACM TI Distributed calibration and tracking with low-power image sensors [Extended abstract] SO Tapia '05: 2005 Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference (TAPIA'05) CY OCT 19-22, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP ACM, IEEE Comp Soc, Comp Res Assoc DE distributed coordination; image processing; wireless sensor networks; person tracking AB The replication of a single-camera system is not in itself a solution to large scale surveillance. A scalable solution to surveillance can be achieved through employing wireless sensor network technology where distributed sensors embedded with processors communicate wirelessly. To address the constraints of unreliable communications, power-intensive processing and communications, and limited memory, DISCERN (DIStributed Camera Event Recognition Network) distributes reasoning about its organization and detected target information. This enables sensor nodes to collaborate intelligently with one another, forewarning neighboring nodes of possible targets, resolving location ambiguities of the sensor and target, and providing greater intelligence as additional target data is collected. We addressed the limited power and processing speed by incorporating low-power image processing techniques to quickly reduce the large data acquired through images. Robustness was maintained through decision-based fusion for target detection and data-based fusion for target extraction and tracking across the sensor field. Distributed control is possible through our information-based neighbor lists, facilitating the transformation of the target's information across sensor nodes as it traverses to the end user. C1 Embedded Reasoning Inst, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ko, TH (reprint author), Embedded Reasoning Inst, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-59593-257-7 PY 2005 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDX35 UT WOS:000235935500013 ER PT S AU Shaner, EA Wanke, MC Lee, M Reno, JL Allen, SJ Peralta, XG AF Shaner, EA Wanke, MC Lee, M Reno, JL Allen, SJ Peralta, XG BE Hwu, RJ Woolard, DL Rosker, MJ TI Grating gated FET's as narrowband, tunable terahertz detectors SO Terahertz for Military and Security Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz for Military and Security Applications III CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE field effect transistors; high mobility; 2-dimensional plasmons; terahertz; focal plane arrays; bolometers; heterodyne mixers AB Grating gated field effect transistors (FETs) are potentially important as electronically tunable terahertz detectors with spectral bandwidths of the order of 50 GHz. Their utility depends on being able to 1) use the intrinsic high speed in a heterodyne mixer or 2) sacrifice speed for sufficient sensitivity to be an effective incoherent detector. In its present form the grating, gated FET will support IF frequencies up to similar to 10 GHz, an acceptable bandwidth for most heterodyne applications. By separating the resonant plasmon absorption from the responsivity mechanism, it appears that a tuned, narrow terahertz spectral band bolometer can be fabricated with NEP similar to 10(-11) watts/root Hz and response times of the order of 30 msecs, useful in a passive multispectral terahertz imaging system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaner, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5775-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5790 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.603497 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BCR77 UT WOS:000230960500013 ER PT S AU Bennett, TA Jaramillo, RA Laughlin, DE Wilgen, JB Kisner, R Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G Ludtka, GM Kalu, PN Rollett, AD AF Bennett, TA Jaramillo, RA Laughlin, DE Wilgen, JB Kisner, R Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G Ludtka, GM Kalu, PN Rollett, AD BE Esling, C Humbert, M Schwarzer, RA Wagner, F TI Texture evolution in Fe-1%Si as a function of high magnetic field SO TEXTURE AND ANISOTROPY OF POLYCRYSTALS II SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Texture and Anisotropy of Polycrystals CY JUL 07-09, 2004 CL Metz, FRANCE DE electrical steel; texture; Goss texture component; orientation distribution function; grain size distribution; ferromagnetism ID TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS; ALLOYS; STEEL AB The effect of a 1.5T, 15T and 30T magnetic field on texture evolution in Fe-1%Si was investigated by annealing samples for 1 hour at 787 degrees C, (27 degrees above the Curie temperature, T-c = 760 degrees C). The intensity of the Goss texture component increased with increasing field strength accompanied by a drastic increase in grain size. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FAMU, FSU, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Bennett, TA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM tricia@andrew.cmu.edu; jaramillora@oml.gov; kalu@magnet.fsu.edu RI Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 USA SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908451-09-4 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2005 VL 105 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BCP17 UT WOS:000230478000024 ER PT S AU Field, DP Nowell, MM Trivedi, P Wright, SI Lillo, TM AF Field, DP Nowell, MM Trivedi, P Wright, SI Lillo, TM BE Esling, C Humbert, M Schwarzer, RA Wagner, F TI Local orientation gradient and recrystallization of deformed copper SO TEXTURE AND ANISOTROPY OF POLYCRYSTALS II SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Texture and Anisotropy of Polycrystals CY JUL 07-09, 2004 CL Metz, FRANCE DE recrystallization; copper; equal channel angular extrusion; electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) ID ORIENTED NUCLEATION; GROWTH; POLYCRYSTALS; ALUMINUM; KINETICS; TEXTURE AB The texture and grain boundary structure of recrystallized materials is dependent upon the character of the deformed matrix, and the selective nucleation and growth of crystallites from the deformation structure. Proper description of the deformed matrix includes not only local crystallite lattice orientation, but also dislocation content and gradients in structural features that contribute to the heterogeneity of the nucleation and growth processes. In-situ recrystallization experiments were performed on pure copper deformed by equal channel angular extrusion, and characterization of the structure on the surface of bulk specimens was accomplished using the EBSD technique. The character of the structure where nucleation preferentially occurs is presumed to be in heavily deformed regions as nuclei were first observed in such microstructures. Grain growth is observed to be heavily dependent upon twinning processes. C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. TSL, EDAX, Draper, UT 84020 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Field, DP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, POB 642920, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM field@mme.wsu.edu; Matt.Nowell@ametek.com; ptrivedi@mail.wsu.edu; stuart.wright@ametek.com; tml@inel.gov RI Field, David/D-5216-2012; Lilllo, Thomas/S-5031-2016 OI Field, David/0000-0001-9415-0795; Lilllo, Thomas/0000-0002-7572-7883 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 USA SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908451-09-4 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2005 VL 105 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BCP17 UT WOS:000230478000025 ER PT J AU Garrett, BC Truhlar, DG AF Garrett, Bruce C. Truhlar, Donald G. BE Dykstra, CE Frenking, G Kim, KS Scuseria, GE TI Variational transition state theory SO THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY: THE FIRST FORTY YEARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICAL-REACTION RATES; REACTION-PATH DYNAMICS; VARIABLE REACTION COORDINATE; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL DYNAMICS; DEBYE SPECTRAL DENSITY; NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLVATION; TUNNELING CONTRIBUTIONS; HYDROGEN MOLECULES; ACTIVATED COMPLEX; SURFACE-DIFFUSION AB We present an overview of variational transition state theory from the perspective of the dynamical formulation of the theory. This formulation provides a firm classical mechanical foundation for a quantitative theory of reaction rate constants, and it provides a sturdy framework for the consistent inclusion of corrections for quantum mechanical effects and the effects of condensed phases. A central construct of the theory is the dividing surface separating reaction and product regions of phase space. We focus on the robust nature of the method offered by the flexibility of the dividing surface, which allows the accurate treatment of a variety of systems from activated and barrierless reactions in the gas phase, reactions in rigid environments, and reactions in liquids and enzymes. C1 [Garrett, Bruce C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Truhlar, Donald G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Truhlar, Donald G.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Garrett, BC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294 NR 141 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-045624-9 PY 2005 BP 67 EP 87 DI 10.1016/B978-044451719-7/50048-2 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BCW24 UT WOS:000311646300005 ER PT J AU Raghavachari, K Curtiss, LA AF Raghavachari, Krishnan Curtiss, Larry A. BE Dykstra, CE Frenking, G Kim, KS Scuseria, GE TI G2, G3 and associated quantum chemical models for accurate theoretical thermochemistry SO THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY: THE FIRST FORTY YEARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPLETE BASIS-SET; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; ZERO-POINT ENERGIES; COEFFICIENT CORRELATION METHOD; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; 3RD-ROW ATOMS K; GAUSSIAN-2 THEORY; MOLLER-PLESSET; GA-KR AB We present a brief review of G2 and G3 theories which are composite techniques for the accurate prediction of experimental thermochemical data for molecules. We discuss the components of G2 and G3 theories as well as approximate versions such as G2(MP2), G3(MP2) and G3(MP3). Additional methods such as extended G3 theory (G3X) as well as scaled G3 theory (G3S) are also discussed. The methods are assessed on the comprehensive G2/97 and G3/99 test sets of experimental energies (heats of formation, ionization energies, electron affinities and proton affinities) that we have assembled. The most accurate method, G3X, has a mean absolute deviation of 0.95 kcal/mol from experiment for the 376 energies in the G3/99 test set. Some illustrative applications of the methods to resolve experimental data for other systems are also discussed. C1 [Raghavachari, Krishnan] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Curtiss, Larry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Curtiss, Larry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Raghavachari, K (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-045624-9 PY 2005 BP 785 EP 812 DI 10.1016/B978-044451719-7/50070-6 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BCW24 UT WOS:000311646300027 ER PT J AU Gordon, MS Schmidt, MW AF Gordon, Mark S. Schmidt, Michael W. BE Dykstra, CE Frenking, G Kim, KS Scuseria, GE TI Advances in electronic structure theory: GAMESS a decade later SO THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY: THE FIRST FORTY YEARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; FAST MULTIPOLE METHOD; FRAGMENT POTENTIAL METHOD; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHOD; DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DIRECT CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; DEGENERATE PERTURBATION-THEORY; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; LINEAR SCALING COMPUTATION AB Recent developments in advanced quantum chemistry and quantum chemistry interfaced with model potentials are discussed, with the primary focus on new implementations in the GAMESS electronic structure suite of programs. Applications to solvent effects and surface science are discussed. C1 [Gordon, Mark S.; Schmidt, Michael W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 154 TC 1220 Z9 1223 U1 6 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-045624-9 PY 2005 BP 1167 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/B978-044451719-7/50084-6 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BCW24 UT WOS:000311646300041 ER PT B AU Skidmore, CB Peterson, PD AF Skidmore, CB Peterson, PD BE Wang, YJ Huang, PG Li, SG TI Friction in PBX 9502 SO Theory and Practice of Energetic Materials, Vol 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Autumn Seminar on Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics CY OCT 25-28, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Ordnance Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Inst Technol, China Acad Engn Phys, China N Chem Ind Corp, Xian Modern Chem Res Inst, Shaanxi Appl Phys-Chem Res Inst, Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, N Univ China, Hubei Inst Aerosp Chemotechnol DE PBX 9502; TATB; friction; dry lubricant AB Friction is a concern in many explosives because the heat generated can initiate a violent reaction directly, or the. heat can produce deflagration, which transits to detonation. Also, heating from shear strain, through sliding friction or viscous effects, is considered a likely hot spot mechanism that could lead to ignition in many explosives. However, these scenarios do not hold true for the insensitive high explosive PBX 9502 (by weight: 95% TATB, 5% Kel-F 800 (TM)). Because the extreme insensitivity of this material to mechanical, thermal, and combined insults is well established, funding for research to quantify friction effects has been minimal. This paper presents a case for the TATB acting as a lubricant. In the interest of promoting a better understanding of this unusual characteristic, this paper reviews some published and unpublished work in this area. Light and electron micrographs are used to illustrate some of the points. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Skidmore, CB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 7-03-016323-0 PY 2005 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Mechanics GA BDM42 UT WOS:000234269000024 ER PT S AU Wilkes, KE Williams, RK Moore, JP Strizak, JR AF Wilkes, K. E. Williams, R. K. Moore, J. P. Strizak, J. R. BE Dinwiddie, RB Mannello, R TI Thermophysical properties of Mo-47.5 wt.% Re alloy SO Thermal Conductivity 26: Thermal Expansion 14 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/14th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY AUG 06-08, 2001 CL Cambridge, MA SP Holometrix Micromet ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Molybdenum-rhenium alloys have potential for application as structural components at high temperatures. One potential application is for use as structural elements in radioisotope space power generation modules. This paper presents thermophysical property data obtained on a powder-metallurgy (P/M) specimen of Mo-47.5 wt. % Re alloy. Simultaneous measurements of electrical resistivity and total hemispherical emittance were performed under a vacuum of about 10(-6) torr between 100 and 850 degrees C. The thermal conductivity was estimated from theory using the measured electrical resistivity to calculate the electronic component and Callaway's analysis to calculate the lattice component. Following measurements in vacuum, a micro-metering valve was used to maintain a surrounding oxygen pressure at about 1075 torr, an upper limit for expected in-service exposure. Emittance and electrical resistivity measurements were performed at 800 and 900 degrees C over periods of about 10 days under these oxidizing conditions. Increases in the emittance of about a factor of three were attributed to formation of a MoO2 scale. Small, but significant, increases in apparent electrical resistivity were used to estimate an oxide penetration rate. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilkes, KE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-932078-36-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 26 BP 179 EP 191 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS98 UT WOS:000244464900017 ER PT S AU Stovall, T Brzezinski, A AF Stovall, T. Brzezinski, A. BE Dinwiddie, RB Mannello, R TI Report on the first ASTM interlaboratory comparison of vacuum panels SO Thermal Conductivity 26: Thermal Expansion 14 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/14th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY AUG 06-08, 2001 CL Cambridge, MA SP Holometrix Micromet AB A interlaboratory comparison was initiated in February of 2000 to compare different methods of determining the effective thermal resistance of vacuum panels. The outcome of this interlaboratory comparison will provide support for the ASTM material specification and the development of a future ASTM test method. Four issues were identified and addressed: (1) calorimetric vs. center-of-panel/barrier conductivity approaches, (2) comparison of available finite difference/element models, (3) appropriate boundary conditions for all measurements/models,and (4) comparison of ccnter-of-panel measurements. Six conventional vacuum panels were constructed. All six shared the same dimensional configuration, the same core material, the same getter insert, and the same manufacturing techniques and equipment. Two different barrier materials (three panels from each) were used because barrier thermal conductivity is recognized as a key factor in the determination of effective thermal resistance for vacuum panels, and because the different methods used in this interlaboratory comparison should be sensitive to the barrier thermal properties. The getters were included in these panels to help them remain stable throughout the duration of the interlaboratory comparison. Each of the eight participating laboratories measured the center-of-panel resistance of each of the six panels as described in the ASTM standard C1484-00 and reported those results along with pertinent information about the transducer(s) size and location. Several laboratories also calculated the whole-panel effective thermal resistance, using two assumed sets of boundary conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stovall, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-932078-36-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 26 BP 412 EP 419 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS98 UT WOS:000244464900038 ER PT S AU Sales, BC Jin, R Mandrus, D AF Sales, B. C. Jin, R. Mandrus, D. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI Thermal spin valves SO Thermal Conductivity 27: Thermal Expansion 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab ID CONDUCTIVITY; REORIENTATION; PR; SM AB The ability of an insulating solid to conduct heat is rarely affected by the application of a magnetic field. We have found, however, that the low temperature heat conduction of some solids increases by more than a factor of two with the application of a modest magnetic field. The effect occurs in low-dimensional magnetically ordered materials when a small gap, Delta, in the acoustic magnon (spin-wave) spectra is closed using a magnetic field H > Delta/g mu(B). Since all magnetically ordered materials must have a gap in the magnon spectra for magnons with k approximate to 0, this may be a very general effect. Extra heat is carried through the solid only when the magnetic field exceeds the critical value (H > Delta/g mu(B)). At this critical field the tiny atomic magnets in the solid abruptly change the direction they point which results in more heat flowing through the material. The magnetic field thus acts as a heat switch. We have observed this effect in three quite different magnetically ordered materials: K2V3O8, Nd2CuO4 and Pr2CuO4. Several possible explanations for these effects will be discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sales, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800007 ER PT S AU Klett, JW AF Klett, J. W. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI Metalization effects on thermal conductivity SO Thermal Conductivity 27: Thermal Expansion 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab AB Graphitic foams are excellent thermal management materials due, in large part, to their high thermal conductivities at a density 1/5(th) that of aluminum. However, simple bonding methods have not been developed which limits commercialization. A rather simple technique of metallizing the foams with a wire-arc flame spray (plasma coating) results in a surface that can be treated like a traditional metal. Subsequent bonding methods can then be used with standard solders resulting in excellent thermal interfaces. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klett, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; Klett, James/E-6860-2017 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 92 EP 102 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800010 ER PT S AU Choi, SUS AF Choi, S. U. S. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI Thermal conductivity of nanofluids: Vision and key features SO Thermal Conductivity 27: Thermal Expansion 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab ID NANOPARTICLES; SUSPENSIONS; ENHANCEMENT AB By suspending nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids, a research team at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has created "nanofluids." Nanofluids can conduct heat an order-of-magnitude faster than scientists had predicted possible. This anomalous thermal behavior surpasses the fundamental limits of conventional heat conduction models for solid/liquid suspensions. Hence, nanofluids, which can be produced by a one- or two-step method, are a rapidly emerging nanotechnology-based thermal physics and cooling technology where nanoscale science and engineering meet. This paper will give an overview of the most important developments in the area of nanofluids. The topics include the status of nanofluids research, key physical properties (such as nanoparticle stability without use of chemical dispersants and thermal conductivity at low particle concentrations), the potential mechanisms of enhanced thermal conductivity (such as the structure of nanofluids), and the roles of the solid/liquid interfacial layer and nanoparticle mobility in enhancing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Nanofluids have been receiving increased attention from researchers around the world, and numerous questions about them have come from industry. At the same time, we are asking fundamental questions about their anomalous properties. When the anomalous properties are explained, nanofluid research could lead to a major breakthrough in making new composite (solid and liquid) materials for numerous engineering and medical applications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choi, SUS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800015 ER PT S AU Tsai, CC Nelson, BE Wang, H AF Tsai, C. -C. Nelson, B. E. Wang, H. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI Thermal diffusivity measurements of monolithic copper-epoxy composite specimens by the flash method SO Thermal Conductivity 27: Thermal Expansion 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX), a fusion research device, is being designed for improved plasma confinement and stability by applying an optimized three-dimensional magnetic field configuration. The external magnetic field shaping is implemented by using 18 modular (stellarator) coils that are in a quasi-axisymmetric configuration and installed as toroidal modules. An emphasis on both plasma properties and geometrical constraints has been used for optimizing the coil-winding shapes. Such modular coils are wound by using flexible, copper cable conductors. Initially, the circular cable conductor is compacted into a rectangular conductor with a packing fraction of 75% to 78%. Once wound, the conductor is vacuum impregnated with epoxy. The epoxy fills the voids within the cable conductor so the winding pack becomes a monolithic copperepoxy composite. Initially, we attempted to use direct measurements (i.e., the Hot Disk method of thermal conductivity). However, the measured data for pure copper had large errors because of the small sample size and anisotropy of the thermal conductivity. Subsequently, we used indirect measurements of the thermal conductivity by measuring the thermal diffusivity. Together with the specific heat capacity and density, the thermal diffusivity was used to calculate the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity value from this indirect measurement at room temperature was fairly consistent with that of the pure copper conductor. The thermal conductivity of the composite specimens at room temperature was about 300 W/mK along the conductor and about 8 W/mK normal to the conductor. In this paper, the measured data of thermal diffusivity and conductivity at temperatures from -160 degrees C to +100 degrees C are presented and discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsai, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 413 EP 423 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800040 ER PT S AU Snead, LL Zinkle, SJ White, DP AF Snead, L. L. Zinkle, S. J. White, D. P. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI Thermal conductivity degradation of ceramic materials due to low temperature, low dose neutron irradiation SO THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 27: THERMAL EXPANSION 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab ID BETA-SILICON CARBIDE; ANNEALING BEHAVIOR; PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; FAST-REACTOR; MONITORS; ALUMINA; AL2O3; ION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The thermal conductivity degradation due to low temperature neutron irradiation is quantified using the concept of separability of thermal resistance terms. The temperature dependent thermal conductivity is taken to be the summation of three independently operating phonon scattering terms: defect scattering, grain boundaries scattering, and umklapp scattering. Neutron irradiation is assumed to have no effect on the grain boundary or umklapp scattering terms though to have a significant effect on the defect scattering term. For this reason it can be assumed that the effect of irradiation induced degradation in thermal conductivity can be directly related to the thermal defect resistance term alone thus making the measurement of this parameter a useful comparative tool. A theoretical model is presented to further quantify the relative phonon-scattering effectiveness of the three dominant defect types produced by neutron irradiation: point defects, dislocation loops and voids. It is shown that both simple point defects and dislocation loops scatter phonons in direct proportion to the density of defects produced while the effectiveness of voids for scattering phonons scales as the square root of both density and measurement temperature. Several commercial ceramics have been irradiated with fission reactor fast neutrons at low temperatures to produce defects. Materials include silicon carbide, sapphire, polycrystalline alumina, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, beryllium oxide and a carbon fiber composite. The neutron dose corresponded to 0.001 and 0.01 displacements per atom (dpa) for a similar to 60 degrees C irradiation and 0.01 and 0.1 dpa for a similar to 300 degrees C irradiation. In non-irradiated and irradiated states thermal diffusivity measurements were made on all samples and the corresponding thermal conductivities were calculated from these data. Substantial thermal conductivity degradation occurred in all of the materials except BeO following irradiation at 60 degrees C to a dose of only 0.001 dpa. The data are discussed in terms of the effective increase in thermal resistance caused by the different irradiation conditions. Evidence for significant defect mobility during irradiation at 60 and 300 degrees C was obtained for all of the ceramics. The thermal stability of the radiation defects was investigated by isochronal annealing up to 1050 degrees C. The results of this study are briefly compared with a review of the previously reported data on the thermal conductivity of ceramics neutron irradiated under similar and higher temperature conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 424 EP 440 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800041 ER PT S AU Greene, JP Nolen, J Petra, M Burtseva, TA AF Greene, J. P. Nolen, J. Petra, M. Burtseva, T. A. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI Direct measurements of the thermal conductivity of uranium carbide samples by the method of electron bombardment SO Thermal Conductivity 27: Thermal Expansion 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab AB For the next generation of nuclear physics accelerator facilities, fission targets employing compounds of uranium are being proposed to produce ion species far from stability. With the high power beams proposed for the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) production targets, heat dissipation becomes important. In our two-step target design, neutrons are first generated in the primary target, which then induce fission in a surrounding assembly of uranium carbide. Knowledge of the physical, chemical and, most importantly, the thermal properties of the uranium target material are crucial to the engineering designs under consideration. The interplay of density, grain size, thermal conductivity, and diffusion properties of the uranium carbide must be well understood before a successful target can be built. We present here recent investigations of the thermal conductivity of uranium carbide samples. Thin sample pellets have been produced for measurements of thermal conductivity using the method of electron bombardment. The experimental apparatus consists of a 10 kV vertical electron beam source, which is used to heat the samples while the thermal radiation is observed using a two-color optical pyrometer. Initial results are given and compared with bulk properties as well as to similar measurements made on pellets of uranium carbide obtained via carbothermic reduction starting from the oxide. Slight variations of thermal conductivity with density have been observed for the reduced oxide samples. Experimental investigations of the physical and thermal properties of uranium carbide sample pellets using various binder materials are also being undertaken. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 453 EP 460 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800043 ER PT S AU Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB AF Wang, H. Dinwiddie, R. B. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI Development of a LabView (TM) based portable thermal diffusivity system SO Thermal Conductivity 27: Thermal Expansion 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab ID FLASH METHOD AB Flash diffusivity method described by ASTM E1461 [1] is widely used to determine thermal diffusivity of solids. Since it's introduction by Parker, the flash diffusivity system has always been constructed as a multiple-component laboratory instrument. We have developed a portable flash diffusivity system, which consists of a lightweight xenon flash lamp, an IR detector and a laptop computer. The LabView (TM) program has been used to create a user-friendly instrument panel. Detector signal monitoring, data acquisition and analysis are integrated into one executable program, which can be run from a laptop computer. Another unique feature of this system is the remote access end control provided by the LabView (TM) program. The computer running flash diffusivity experiment can be monitored and controlled by other computers via the Internet. Any computer with a web browser can view the live update of the experiment panel. The remote user can also take control of the experiment conducting tests and analysis without being physically present at the laboratory. This allows researchers all over the world have access to the same instrument and conduct more interactive material research. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 484 EP 492 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800046 ER PT S AU Sabau, A Blue, CA Ohriner, EK Harper, DC Rivard, JDK AF Sabau, A. Blue, C. A. Ohriner, E. K. Harper, D. C. Rivard, J. D. K. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI A sintering model for the evolution of thermal conductivity during high density infrared processing of powder compacts SO Thermal Conductivity 27: Thermal Expansion 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab ID SHEET FABRICATION; NICKEL SHEET AB A high-density infrared (HDI) radiant plasma arc lamp has been used to fabricate nickel sheet materials from roll compacted powder precursors. The HDI lamp achieves power densities up to 3.5W/cm(2) over an area of 35cm by 3.175cm. HDI processing is highly transient that can result in a wide range of temperatures, up to 3,000 degrees C, over a significant area, making HDI a flexible processing tool. Experimental results indicate that thermal conductivity of the nickel sheet was anisotropic and that it changes during HDI processing due to sintering effects. In an effort to obtain consistent thermal histories in as-processed nickel samples, a finite volume model was used to predict temperature fields and phase changes that occur during HDI processing. To date, there was no methodology to account for sintering effects during thermal processing of powder compacts. Based on experimental results and a theory of diffusion activated processes, a constitutive equation is proposed for the evolution of thermal conductivity during HDI processing due to sintering effects. The approach presented allows the sintering effects to be accounted for in computer simulations, increasing the accuracy of heat transfer predictions of this highly transient process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37801 USA. RP Sabau, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6083, Oak Ridge, TN 37801 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 511 EP 521 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800049 ER PT S AU Chakoumakos, BC Boatner, LA AF Chakoumakos, B. C. Boatner, L. A. BE Wang, H Porter, WD Worley, G TI Thermal expansion by neutron powder diffraction SO THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 27: THERMAL EXPANSION 15 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/15th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURES; PARAMETERS; SCATTERING; MONAZITE; MINERALS AB Thermal expansion of a wide range of solids can be measured with neutron powder diffraction. Temperatures encompassing the range of 4 K to 2300 K are possible with a combination of furnaces and refrigerators. Precise lattice parameters of crystalline materials can be determined by the Rietveld refinement method, and a detailed picture of how the crystal structure responds to changing temperature can be determined. An example is presented of the monoclinic material, monazite (LaPO(4)), over the temperature range 300 K to 1600 K. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chakoumakos, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-932078-34-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 27 BP 554 EP 564 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS99 UT WOS:000244466800052 ER PT S AU Han, SH Hasoon, FS Pankow, JW Hermann, AM Levi, DH AF Han, SH Hasoon, FS Pankow, JW Hermann, AM Levi, DH BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI Effect of Cu deficiency on CuIn1-xGaxSe2 and high-efficiency photovoltaic solar cells SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DIFFERENTIATION; CUINSE2 AB We report the results of our studies on the optical and electronic structure of a wide range of polycrystalline thin-film CuIn1-x,GaxSe2 (CIGS) alloys. The composition range includes CIS and nearly stoichiometric (slightly Cu-poor) (24.3 +/- 0.3 at.% Cu) CIGS with x values located around the value that has the best efficiency (x similar to 0.28). Relative to nearly stoichiometric CIS and CIGS, we find a reduction in the absorption strength in the spectral range 1-3 eV. This reduction can be explained in terms of the predominance of Cu 3d and Se 4p states at the valence band maximum (VBM). In addition, Cu-poor CIS and CIGS materials show an increase in bandgap because the p-d repulsive interaction in Cu-poor CIGS is less than that in nearly stoichiometric CIGS. High efficiency is discussed in terms of optical properties. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Han, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400003 ER PT S AU Smith, S Dhere, R Gessert, T Stradins, P Wang, T Ramanathan, K Noufi, R Mascarenhas, A AF Smith, S Dhere, R Gessert, T Stradins, P Wang, T Ramanathan, K Noufi, R Mascarenhas, A BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI Sub-micron optoelectronic properties of polycrystalline solar cell materials SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES AB Generation, transport and collection of carriers in polycrystalline (PX) solar cells and their constituent materials are poorly understood, and significantly different than in their single-crystal counterparts. Recent theoretical and experimental results have put forth the expectation that grain boundaries in PX-solar cell materials such as CdTe and CulnGaSe(2), either as-grown or after appropriate post-growth treatment, may have electronic properties which are advantageous to charge separation and solar cell operation[1-3]. However, a microscopic picture of the spatial variations in the optoelectronic properties of these materials is. for the most part, still lacking. The goal of the work reported here is to explore the optoelectronic and spectroscopic properties of grain-boundaries in these materials at the nanometer length-scale. via novel, high-resolution optical techniques. Towards this end, a significant enhancement in photo-response near grain boundaries in CdTe solar cells, consistent with models put forth in reference 2, was observed via near-field Optical Beam Induced Current (n-OBIC)[4]. A systematic mu-PL study of the effect of CdCl2-treatment on recombination in CdTe/CdS solar cell structures of varying thickness directly examined the variation in optoelectronic properties at grain-boundaries in this material, revealing the grain-boundary and surface passivation effects of this important post-growth processing step. For comparison, we also studied the effects of SiNx, post-growth treatment and annealing on the photo-response of PX-silicon solar cells using n-OBIC. These results and our most-recent n-OBIC measurements in CdTe and CuInGaSe2 solar cells are discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400005 ER PT S AU Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM Jones, KM AF Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM Jones, KM BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI The structure and passivation effects of double-positioning twin boundaries in CdTe SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Using the combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, first-principles density-functional total-energy calculations, and image simulations, we studied the atomic structure and passivation effects of double-positioning (DP) twin boundaries in CdTe. The DP twin boundaries are found to contain more Te dangling bonds than Cd dangling bonds, resulting in energy states in the bandgap that are detrimental to the electronic properties of CdTe. We found that I, Br, Cl, S, and 0 atoms present passivation effects on the DP twin boundaries to differing degrees, whereas H does not passivate the boundaries. Of all these impurities, I and Cl atoms present the best passivation effects on the DP twin boundaries, ne superior passivation effects are realized by either terminating the Cd atoms with dangling bonds, or substituting the Te atoms with dangling bonds in the DP twin boundaries in CdTe by Cl and I atoms. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400013 ER PT S AU Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Wu, J Ager, JW Shan, W Scrapulla, MA Dubon, OD Becla, P AF Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Wu, J Ager, JW Shan, W Scrapulla, MA Dubon, OD Becla, P BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI Highly mismatched alloys for intermediate band solar cells SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID EFFICIENCY AB It has long been recognized that the introduction of a narrow band of states in a semiconductor band gap could be used to achieve improved power conversion efficiency in semiconductor-based solar cells. The intermediate band would serve as a "stepping stone" for photons of different energy to excite electrons from the valence to the conduction band. An important advantage of this design is that it requires formation of only a single p-n junction, which is a crucial simplification in comparison to multijunction solar cells. A detailed balance analysis predicts a limiting efficiency of more than 50% for an optimized, single intermediate band solar cell. This is higher than the efficiency of an optimized two junction solar cell. Using ion beam implantation and pulsed laser melting we have synthesized Zn-1 -yMnyOxTe1-x alloys with x < 0.03. These highly mismatched alloys have a unique electronic structure with a narrow oxygen-derived intermediate band. The width and the location of the band is described by the Band Anticrossing model and can be varied by controlling the oxygen content. This provides a unique opportunity to optimize the absorption of solar photons for best solar cell performance. We have carried out systematic studies of the effects of the intermediate band on the optical and electrical properties of Zn1-yMnyOxTe1-x, alloys. We observe an extension of the photovoltaic response towards lower photon energies, which is a clear indication of optical transitions from the valence to the intermediate band. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walukiewicz, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400016 ER PT S AU Yan, YF Wu, X Zhou, J Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, YF Wu, X Zhou, J Al-Jassim, MM BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI TEM studies of high-efficiency CdTe solar cells on commercial SnO2/soda-lime glass SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The microstructure of high-efficiency CdTe solar cells on commercial SnO2/soda-lime glass was investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The CdTe solar cells have a structure of soda-lime glass/SnO2/ZTO/CdS:O/CdTe. We found no interdiffusion between the SnO2 layer and ZTO layer. Weak diffusion of Zn from the ZTO layer into the CdS:O layer was observed; however, the diffusion was not uniform. Interdiffusion also occurred at the CdTe/CdS:O interface. In the back-side of the CdTe, a thin layer of Te was found, which formed during the nitric-phosphoric etching. In addition, a very thin layer of CdHgTe was observed at the CdTe/Te interface. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400017 ER PT S AU Johnston, SW AbuShama, JAM Noufi, R AF Johnston, SW AbuShama, JAM Noufi, R BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI Investigating minority-carrier traps in p-type Cu(InGa)Se-2 using deep level transient spectroscopy SO THIN-FILM COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; DEFECTS; BULK AB Measurements of p-type Cu(InGa)Se-2 (CIGS) using deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) show peaks associated with minority-carrier traps, even though data were collected using reverse bias conditions not favorable to injecting minority-carrier electrons. These DLTS peaks occur in the temperature range of 50 to 150 K for the rate windows used and correspond to electron traps having activation energies usually in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 eV for alloys of CIS, CGS, and CIGS. The peak values also depend on the number of traps filled. For short filling times of 10 mu s to 100 mu s, a small peak appears. As the DLTS filling pulse width increases, the peak increases in response to more traps being filled, but it also broadens and shifts to lower temperature suggesting that a possible series of trap levels, perhaps forming a defect band, are present. The peaks usually saturate in a timeframe of seconds. These filling times are sufficient for electrons to fill traps near the interface from the n-type side of the device due to a thermionic emission current. Admittance spectroscopy data for the same samples are shown for comparison. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400035 ER PT S AU Metzger, WK Gloeckler, M Ahrenkiel, RK AF Metzger, WK Gloeckler, M Ahrenkiel, RK BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI Two-dimensional and multi-experimental modeling of polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES AB We use two-dimensional simulations to explore if charged columnar grain boundaries (GBs) in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) solar cells increase device performance. Although the simulations confirm that charged GBs can increase photocurrent by forming minority-carrier collection channels, this generally occurs at the expense of overall efficiency. Furthermore, improvements in photocurrent require significant GB minority collection beyond a diffusion length of the space-charge region. This collection from deep within the base can be detected by quantum efficiency (QE) spectra, electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) experiments, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), and fast photoluminescence decay. Simulations of all these experiments indicate that GB charge sufficient to significantly increase photocurrent collection is generally inconsistent with actual observations. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Metzger, WK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400045 ER PT S AU AbuShama, JA Johnston, SW Young, DL Noufi, R AF AbuShama, JA Johnston, SW Young, DL Noufi, R BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI Electronic properties of modified CuGaSe2 solar cells SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID IMPROVED PERFORMANCE; DEFECTS AB We report on the electronic properties of the state-of the art surface-modified CuGaSe2 solar cells. We compare between the 10.2%-efficient surface-modified and the 9.53%-efficient unmodified CuGaSe2 solar cells. We examined our cells using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and drive level capacitance profiling (DLCP). The DLTS data for the modified CGS exhibits minority traps with activation energies ranging from E-c - 0.3 to E-c - 0.6 eV, whereas that for the pure CGS exhibits minority traps with activation energies ranging from E. - 0.06 to E-c - 0.1 eV (where E-c is the energy of electrons at the conduction band minimum). While varying the filling pulse duration, we observed the gradual increase in the amplitude of the DLTS signal for these states until it apparently saturates at a pulse duration of similar to 1s for the 10.2% cell, and 0.05 s for the 9.53% cell. Increasing the duration of the filling pulse also results in broadening of the DLTS signals and shifting of the maximum of these signals towards lower temperature, whereas the high-temperature sides coincide. Using a model that allows us to distinguish between bandlike states and localized ones based on the dependence of the shape of their DLTS-signal on the filling-pulse duration, we relate the electron trap to bandlike states. The DLCP data shows that the 10.2% cell has a lower carrier concentration, a more uniform defect density profile, a larger depletion width, and a higher drift collection length for photo-generated carriers as compared to our 9.53% CuGaSe2 cell. We also recorded the transient capacitance versus time and found that the 10.2% has responded differently compared with the 9.53% one. The transient capacitance decay curves for these two cells are different. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP AbuShama, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400047 ER PT S AU Wu, X Zhou, J Duda, A Keane, JC Gessert, TA Yan, Y Noufi, R AF Wu, X Zhou, J Duda, A Keane, JC Gessert, TA Yan, Y Noufi, R BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI High-efficiency CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells with an ultra-thin CuxTe transparent back-contact SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB To fabricate a high-efficiency polycrystalline thin-film tandem cell, the most critical work is to make a high-efficiency top cell (> 15%) with high bandgap (E-g=1.5-1.8 eV) and high transmission (T > 70%) in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region. The CdTe cell is one of the candidates for the top cell, because CdTe state-of-the-art single-junction devices with efficiencies of more than 16% are available, although its bandgap (1.48 eV) is slightly lower for a top cell in a dual-junction device. In this paper, we focus on the development of an ultra-thin, low-bandgap CuxTe transparent back-contact to produce high-efficiency CdTe cells with high NIR transmission. We have achieved an NREL-confirmed 13.9%-efficient CdTe transparent solar cell with an infrared transmission of similar to 50% and a CdTe/CIS polycrystalline mechanically stacked thin-film tandem cell with an NREL-confirmed efficiency of 15.3%. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wu, X (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400049 ER PT S AU Zhou, J Wu, X Gessert, TA Yan, Y Teeter, G Moutinho, HR AF Zhou, J Wu, X Gessert, TA Yan, Y Teeter, G Moutinho, HR BE Shafarman, W Gessert, T Niki, S Siebentritt, S TI Optimization of RF-sputtered ITO films for high NIR transparency at low deposition temperature SO Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Sn-doped indium oxide (ITO) films deposited at temperatures < 250 degrees C by r.f. magnetron sputtering are investigated for use as transparent back-contact electrodes to CdS/CdTe top cells in two-junction, mechanically stacked tandem-cell designs. Results show that carrier mobility increases with substrate temperature while beneficial changes in carrier activation occurs at a substrate temperature similar to 230 degrees C. Small additions of oxygen to the sputtering environment are effective at reducing near infrared (NIR) absorption. Control of these deposition parameters has produced ITO films with NIR absorption (860-1300 nm) < 10%, and electrical resistivity of < 1x10(-3) ohm-cm. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-818-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 865 BP 387 EP 392 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDR15 UT WOS:000235002400055 ER PT S AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Liu, W Einfeldt, S Hommel, D Roskowski, AM Davis, RF AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Liu, W Einfeldt, S Hommel, D Roskowski, AM Davis, RF BE Buchheit, TE Minor, AM Spolenak, R Takashima, K TI Characterization of stress relaxation, dislocations and crystallographic tilt via X-ray microdiffraction in GaN(0001) layers grown by maskless pendeo-epitaxy SO Thin Films Stresses and Mechanical Properties XI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Thin Film - Stresses and Mechanical Properties held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP MRS ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GAN LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; STRAIN; PENDEOEPITAXY; CRYSTALS AB Intrinsic stresses due to lattice mismatch and high densities of threading dislocations and extrinsic stresses resulting from the mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion are present in almost all III-Nitride heterostructures. Stress relaxation in the GaN layers occurs in conventional and in pendeo-epitaxial films via the formation of additional misfit dislocations, domain boundaries, elastic strain and wing tilt. Polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction, high resolution monochromatic X-ray diffraction and finite element simulations have been used to determine the distribution of strain, dislocations, subboundaries and crystallographic wing tilt in uncoalesced and coalesced GaN layers grown by maskless pendeo-epitaxy. An important parameter was the width-to-height ratio of the etched columns of GaN from which the lateral growth of the wings occurred. The strain and tilt across the stripes increased with the width-to-height ratio. Tilt boundaries formed in the uncoalesced GaN layers at the column/wing interfaces for samples with a large ratio. Sharper tilt boundaries were observed at the interfaces formed by the coalescence of two laterally growing wings. The wings tilted upward during cooling to room temperature for both the uncoalesced and the coalesced GaN layers. It was determined that finite element simulations that account for extrinsic stress relaxation can explain the experimental results for uncoalesced GaN layers. Relaxation of both extrinsic and intrinsic stress components in the coalesced GaN layers contribute to the observed wing tilt and the formation of sub-boundaries. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-829-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 875 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDL65 UT WOS:000234139400017 ER PT B AU Eidenbenz, S Kroc, L Smith, JP AF Eidenbenz, S Kroc, L Smith, JP GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Maneuverable relays to improve energy efficiency in sensor networks SO Third IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications CY MAR 08-12, 2005 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci AB We propose a hybrid model to alleviate the notorious problem of premature battery depletion in sensor networks: in a first stage, simple sensors are deployed over an area of interest using any traditional method, in a second phase, more powerful relays are put in positions that allow them to off-load as much of the forwarding burden imposed on the simple sensors as possible. We introduce this model in detail, give a few theoretical results with respect to the optimal placement of the powerful sensors, propose various heuristic approaches for their placement, and present comparative simulation results for these heuristics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eidenbenz, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-5,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2300-5 PY 2005 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1109/PERCOMW.2005.44 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBW63 UT WOS:000228159600076 ER PT B AU Rogers, DH Garasi, CJ AF Rogers, DH Garasi, CJ BE Roberts, JC TI Prism: A multi-view visualization tool for multi-physics simulation SO Third International Conference on Coordinated & Multiple Views in Exploratory Visualization, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Coordinated and Multiple Views in Exploratory Visualization CY JUL 05, 2005 CL London, ENGLAND SP Int Conf Informat Visualisat ID ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS AB Complex simulations (in particular those involving multiple coupled physics) cannot be understood solely using geometry-based visualizations. Such visualizations are necessary in interpreting results and gaining insights into kinematics, however they are insufficient when striving to understand why or how something happened, or when investigating a simulation's dynamic evolution. For multi-physics simulations (e.g. those including solid dynamics with thermal conduction, magnetohydrodynamics, and radiation hydrodynamics) complex interactions between physics and material properties take place within the code which must be investigated in other ways. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rogers, DH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2396-X PY 2005 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCQ60 UT WOS:000230783100009 ER PT B AU White, B AF White, B GP IEEE Computer Society TI How to "Webby-ize" your web site - Factors in award-winning design SO Third Latin American Web Congress, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Latin American Web Congress CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2005 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP Latin Amer Ctr Informat Studies, Ibero Amer Program Cooperat Sci & Technol, Univ Chile, Ctr Web Res, Natl Univ La Pampa, Engn Sch, FONCyT, Argentine Soc Informat & Operat Res, Int World Wide Web Conf Comm, European Taskforce Creating Human Machine Interfaces Similar Human, Human Commun AB The Webby Awards((R)) are the leading international awards honoring excellence in Web design, functionality and creativity (http:// ww.webbyawards.com). More than just a popularity contest, the Webbys recognize outstanding achievement in content, structure and navigation, visual design, functionality, interactivity, and overall experience. The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences (IADAS), the organization that oversees the award process, has given the Webby judges a framework for evaluating a Website that is comprehensive and independent of the personal preference issues that are ordinarily associated with Website evaluation. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP White, B (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2471-0 PY 2005 BP XXV EP XXVI DI 10.1109/LAWEB.2005.17 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BDO95 UT WOS:000234627800004 ER PT S AU Hime, A AF Hime, A BE Cleveland, B Ford, R Chen, M TI SNOLAB - An international facility for underground science SO TOPICAL WORKSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques CY DEC 12-14, 2004 CL Laurentian Univ, Sudbury, CANADA SP Sudbury Neutrino Observ Lab, Canada Fdn Innovat, Canadian Inst Particle Phys HO Laurentian Univ DE Sudbury; underground laboratory; neutrino; neutrino mass; solar neutrinos; double beta decay; dark matter; cosmic ray muons; fast neutrons AB SNOLAB, an international facility for underground science, is presently under construction at a depth of 6000 meters of water equivalent (m.w.e.) at Inco's Creighton mine near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Building on the success of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) experiment, the creation of SNOLAB will provide the deep-site infrastructure required of next generation particle-astrophysics experiments in pursuit of low-energy solar neutrinos, neutrinoless double beta decay, and cosmological dark matter. Following an enthusiastic response from the scientific community to a call for Letters of Interest (LOI's) in staging experiments at SNOLAB, an initial evaluation process is now complete and an exercise is underway to define an initial suite of experiments and the longer term scientific program for this new facility. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hime, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0274-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 785 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BDD00 UT WOS:000232788500004 ER PT S AU Bauer, DA AF Bauer, DA BE Cleveland, B Ford, R Chen, M TI Background reduction in cryogenic detectors SO Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques CY DEC 12-14, 2004 CL Laurentian Univ, Sudbury, CANADA SP Sudbury Neutrino Observ Lab, Canada Fdn Innovat, Canadian Inst Particle Phys HO Laurentian Univ DE backgrounds; cryogenics; dark matter; WIMPS AB This paper discusses the background reduction and rejection strategy of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment. Recent measurements of background levels from CDMS II at Soudan are presented, along with estimates for future improvements in sensitivity expected for a proposed SuperCDMS experiment at SNOLAB. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bauer, DA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0274-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 785 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BDD00 UT WOS:000232788500008 ER PT S AU Aalseth, CE Brodzinski, RL Farmer, OT Hoppe, EW Hossbach, TW Miley, HS Reeves, JH AF Aalseth, CE Brodzinski, RL Farmer, OT Hoppe, EW Hossbach, TW Miley, HS Reeves, JH BE Cleveland, B Ford, R Chen, M TI Ultra-low-background copper production and clean fabrication SO Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques CY DEC 12-14, 2004 CL Laurentian Univ, Sudbury, CANADA SP Sudbury Neutrino Observ Lab, Canada Fdn Innovat, Canadian Inst Particle Phys HO Laurentian Univ DE material purity cosmogenic electroforming clean spectrometer underground physics AB Commercial high-purity copper is an attractive material for constructing ultra-low-background radiation measurement devices. When even higher purity is desired, additional electrolytic and chemical purification can be combined with the final fabrication step. This process results in "electroformed" copper parts of extreme purity. Copper electroforming can be done underground, providing a way to eliminate cosmogenic activation products seen in copper that has had above-ground exposure. A brief summary of the history, cosmogenics, process chemistry, cleaning, and passivation of this material is given. Examples of finished parts illustrate the method. The required infrastructure is summarized. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Aalseth, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0274-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 785 BP 170 EP 176 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BDD00 UT WOS:000232788500022 ER PT S AU Yeh, M Hahn, RL Garnov, A Chang, Z AF Yeh, M Hahn, RL Garnov, A Chang, Z BE Cleveland, B Ford, R Chen, M TI Studies of doped scintillator at BNL: A generic method for neutrino measurement SO Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques CY DEC 12-14, 2004 CL Laurentian Univ, Sudbury, CANADA SP Sudbury Neutrino Observ Lab, Canada Fdn Innovat, Canadian Inst Particle Phys HO Laurentian Univ DE theta-13; doped scintillator; gadoliniurn scintillator AB Using multiple liquid-scintillatior detectors at distances between 0.1 and 3 km from a nuclear reactor has the potential to determine the yet unknown neutrino-mixing angle theta(13) via inverse beta-decay reaction on protons. The coincidence tag between the emitted prompt positron and delayed neutron provides a clear signature of anti-neutrino event. The neutron capture signal is greatly enhanced by loading gadolinium into the liquid scintillator, due to the large (n, gamma) cross sections of Gd isotopes. BNL has developed a procedure to synthesize Gd-loaded scintillator with long attenuation length (> 10 m), high light output (> 95% of pseudocumene), and long-term stability (> 5 months to date). The purification and chemical quality of BNL-synthesized Gd-LS are discussed in the paper. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yeh, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0274-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 785 BP 209 EP 218 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BDD00 UT WOS:000232788500027 ER PT B AU Qin, H AF Qin, H BE Passot, T Sulem, C Sulem, PL TI A short introduction to general gyrokinetic theory SO Topics in Kinetic Theory SE FIELDS INSTITUTE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Short Course and Workshop on Kinetic Theory CY MAR 24-26, 2004 CL Fields Inst Math Sci, Toronto, CANADA HO Fields Inst Math Sci ID MAGNETIC-FIELD CONFIGURATIONS; GUIDING CENTER MOTION; GOLDBERGER-LOW THEORY; CHARGED-PARTICLES; PLASMA EQUILIBRIA; EQUATIONS; SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITIES; TURBULENCE; INVARIANT AB Interesting plasmas in the laboratory and space are magnetized. General gyrokinetic theory is about a symmetry, gyro-symmetry, in the Vlasov-Maxwell system for magnetized plasmas. The most general gyrokinetic theory can be geometrically formulated. First, the coordinate-free, geometric Vlasov-Maxwell equations are developed in the 7D phase space, which is defined as a fiber bundle over the space-time. The Poincare-Cartan-Einstein 1-form pullbacked onto the 7D phase space determines particles' worldlines in the phase space, and realizes the momentum integrals in kinetic theory as fiber integrals. The infinite small generator of the gyro-symmetry is then asymptotically constructed as the base for the gyrophase coordinate of the gyrocenter coordinate system. This is accomplished by applying the Lie coordinate perturbation method to the Poincare-Cartan-Einstein 1-form, which also generates the most relaxed condition under which the gyro-symmetry still exists. General gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations are then developed as the Vlasov-Maxwell equations in the gyrocenter coordinate system, rather than a set of new equations. Since the general gyrokinetic system developed is geometrically the same as the Vlasov-Maxwell equations, all the coordinate independent properties of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations, such as energy conservation, momentum conservation, and Liouville volume conservation, are automatically carried over to the general gyrokinetic system. The pullback transformation associated with the coordinate transformation is shown to be an indispensable part of the general gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations. Without this vital element, a number of prominent physics features, such as the presence of the compressional Alfven wave and a proper description of the gyrokinetic equilibrium, cannot be readily recovered. Three examples of applications of the general gyrokinetic theory developed in the areas of plasma equilibrium and plasma waves are given. Interesting topics, such as gyro-center gauge and gyro-gauge, are discussed as well. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA BN 0-8218-3723-0 J9 FIELDS INST COMMUN PY 2005 VL 46 BP 171 EP 192 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BDQ91 UT WOS:000234973300006 ER PT B AU Tang, WM AF Tang, WM BE Passot, T Sulem, C Sulem, PL TI Introduction to gyrokinetic theory with applications in magnetic confinement research in plasma physics SO Topics in Kinetic Theory SE FIELDS INSTITUTE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Short Course and Workshop on Kinetic Theory CY MAR 24-26, 2004 CL Fields Inst Math Sci, Toronto, CANADA HO Fields Inst Math Sci ID FINITE-SIZE PARTICLES; ZONAL FLOW; KINETIC ELECTRONS; VLASOV EQUATION; ALFVEN WAVES; DRIFT WAVES; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; INSTABILITY AB The present lecture provides an introduction to the subject of gyrokinetic theory with applications in the area of magnetic confinement research in plasma physics - the research arena from which this formalism was originally developed. It was presented as a component of the "Short Course in Kinetic Theory" within the Thematic Program in Partial Differential Equations held at the Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Science (24 March 2004). This lecture also discusses the connection between the gyrokinetic formalism and powerful modern numerical simulations. Indeed, simulation, which provides a natural bridge between theory and experiment, is an essential modern tool for understanding complex plasma behavior. Advances in both particle and fluid simulations of fine-scale turbulence and large-scale dynamics have been enabled by two key factors: (i) innovative advances in analytic and computational methods for developing reduced descriptions of physics phenomena spanning widely disparate temporal and spatial scales; and (ii) access to powerful new computational resources. Excellent progress has been made in developing codes for which computer run-time and problem size scale well with the number of processors on massively parallel processors (MPP's). Examples include the effective usage of the full power of multi-teraflop (multi-trillion floating point computations per second) supercomputers to produce three-dimensional, general geometry, nonlinear particle simulations which have accelerated advances in understanding the nature of turbulence self-regulation by zonal flows. Although the current results from advanced simulations provide great encouragement for being able to include increasingly realistic dynamics to enable deeper physics insights into plasmas in both natural and laboratory environments, it should be kept in mind that there will remain limitations to what can be practically achieved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Tang, WM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA BN 0-8218-3723-0 J9 FIELDS INST COMMUN PY 2005 VL 46 BP 193 EP 211 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BDQ91 UT WOS:000234973300007 ER PT S AU Foster, I Jennings, NR Kesselman, C AF Foster, Ian Jennings, Nicholas R. Kesselman, Carl BE Ritrovato, P Cerri, SA Salerno, S Gaeta, M Allison, C Dimitrakos, T TI Brain Meets Brawn: Why Grid and Agents Need Each Other SO TOWARDS THE LEARNING GRID: ADVANCES IN HUMAN LEARNING SERVICES SE Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter DE Grid technology; Virtual Organisations; agent systems; service oriented architecture ID SYSTEMS AB The Grid and agent communities both develop concepts and mechanisms for open distributed systems, albeit from different perspectives. The Grid community has historically focused on "brawn": infrastructure, tools, and applications for reliable and secure resource sharing within dynamic and geographically distributed virtual organizations. In contrast, the agent's community has focused on "brain": autonomous problem solvers that can act flexibly in uncertain and dynamic environments. Yet as the scale and ambition of both Grid and agent deployments increase, we see a convergence of interests, with agent systems requiring robust infrastructure and Grid systems requiring autonomous, flexible behaviors. Motivated by this convergence of interests, we review the current state of the art in both areas, review the challenges that concern the two communities, and propose research and technology development activities that can allow for mutually supportive efforts. C1 [Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jennings, Nicholas R.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Kesselman, Carl] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. EM foster@mcs.anl.gov; nrj@ecs.soton.ac.uk; carl@isi.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6389 BN 978-1-58603-534-1 J9 FRONT ARTIF INTEL AP PY 2005 VL 127 BP 28 EP 40 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BMB02 UT WOS:000271715400005 ER PT B AU Whalen, SA Won, SY Richards, RF Bahr, DF Richards, CD AF Whalen, SA Won, SY Richards, RF Bahr, DF Richards, CD GP IEEE TI Charaterization and modeling of a liquid-vapor phase change membrane actuator with an integrated SU-8 micro capillary wicking structure SO Transducers '05, Digest of Technical Papers, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems CY JUN 05-09, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Sensors Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEE Japan, Sensors & Micromach Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Inst Control, Automat & Syst Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Korea, Korean Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Soc Mech Engineers, Korean Soc Precis Engn, Korean Robot Soc DE liquid-vapor phase change; microcapillary; open groove wicking structure; membrane actuator ID FABRICATION; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB A liquid-vapor phase-change membrane actuator is demonstrated which integrates an open groove wicking structure to continuously pump liquid into the heat addition region of the pressure cavity. Integration of the wick yields a higher efficiency and operating speed compared with existing thermal phase-change actuators. This improvement results from control of the liquid thickness, volume, and fill rate. An experimentally validated numerical model is presented which determines the energy budget within the actuator and investigates factors controlling efficiency such as wick thickness, thermal mass, thermal conductivity, and membrane compliance. Work to date for this class of actuators has focused primarily on steady state behavior with detailed transient analyses receiving little attention. This investigation focuses strictly on characterization of transient operation and provides a benchmark for this class of dynamic thermal actuators. The actuator presented in this work develops pressure and deflection excursions of 148kPa and 70 mu m at 10Hz while consuming 150mW. A peak force of 1.4N is generated during each cycle and the thermal to mechanical efficiency is .11%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Whalen, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8994-8 PY 2005 BP 342 EP 347 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BCZ93 UT WOS:000232189100083 ER PT J AU Yiotis, AG Stubos, AK Boudouvis, AG Tsimpanogiannis, IN Yortsos, YC AF Yiotis, AG Stubos, AK Boudouvis, AG Tsimpanogiannis, IN Yortsos, YC TI Pore-network modeling of isothermal drying in porous media SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE drying; films; corner flow; pore network ID INVASION PERCOLATION; IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; WETTING LIQUID; BUBBLE-GROWTH; FLOW; SIMULATION; CORNERS; VISUALIZATION; EVAPORATION; DIFFUSION AB In this paper we present numerical results obtained with a pore-network model for the drying of porous media that accounts for various processes at the pore scale. These include mass transfer by advection and diffusion in the gas phase, viscous flow in the liquid and gas phases and capillary effects at the liquid-gas interface. We extend our work by studying the effect of capillarity-induced. flow in macroscopic liquid films that form at the pore walls as the liquid-gas interface recedes. A mathematical model that accounts for the effect of films on the drying rates and phase distribution patterns is presented. It is shown that film flow is a major transport mechanism in the drying of porous materials, its effect being dominant when capillarity controls the process, which is the case in typical applications. C1 Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, IPTA, Athens 15310, Greece. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Chem Engn, Athens 15780, Greece. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, EES 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Stubos, AK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, IPTA, Athens 15310, Greece. EM stubos@ipta.demokritos.gr RI Boudouvis, Andreas/B-2307-2010; Yiotis, Andreas/M-7927-2015 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD JAN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s11242-004-5470-8 PG 24 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 895YG UT WOS:000226900100005 ER PT J AU van der Lelie, D Barac, T Taghavi, S Vangronsveld, J AF van der Lelie, D Barac, T Taghavi, S Vangronsveld, J TI Response to Newman: New uses of endophytic bacteria to improve phytoremediation SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Limburgs Univ Ctr, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Dept, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vdlelied@bnl.gov NR 1 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.11.008 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 891FC UT WOS:000226565700004 ER PT J AU Dueker, SR Lame, M Lin, YM Clifford, AJ Buchholz, BA Vogel, JS AF Dueker, SR Lame, M Lin, YM Clifford, AJ Buchholz, BA Vogel, JS TI Traditional and accelerator mass spectrometry for quantitation of human folate pools SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Food Folate CY FEB 11-14, 2004 CL Warsaw Agr Univ, Warsaw, POLAND SP Warsaw Agr Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Inst Food Res, European Federat Food Sci & Technol, Elsevier, British Nutr Fdn HO Warsaw Agr Univ ID WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; P-AMINOBENZOATE; METABOLISM; EXTRACTION; PROTOCOL; PLANTS; ACID AB Folate is a structurally diverse family of molecules that occur in low concentrations in biological tissues and fluids and therefore present complex challenges to the analytical chemist. As a result, techniques that quantify folates in biological specimens have emerged as a high scientific priority. In this manuscript, isotopic methods using traditional mass spectrometry for the measurement of whole blood total folate and C-14-accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for human kinetic studies are presented. Additionally, recent developments with the intrinsic labeling of spinach folate from a [C-14] -para-aminobenzoic is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Vitalea Sci Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dueker, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM srdueker@ucdavis.edu RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6-7 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2005.03.006 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 941AL UT WOS:000230186900006 ER PT B AU Wang, JCF Ronnebro, ECE AF Wang, JCF Ronnebro, ECE BE Bieler, TR Carsley, JE Fraser, HL Sears, JW Smurgeresky, JE TI An overview of hydrogen storage for transportation application SO TRENDS IN MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES AND POWDER METALLURGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Global Innovations in Materials Processing and Manufacturing held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Proc & Mfg Div, TMS DE hydrogen; storage; transportation; hydrides; nanotubes; alanates; amides ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AB Hydrogen storage is a key technology for realizing the hydrogen economy and has been one of the highest technical priorities of the DOE Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies (HFCIT). Most challenging is to find onboard hydrogen storage solutions for transportation to meet the DOE FreedomCAR 2010 and 2015 goals. At present there are no materials that meet the operating requirements of weight, volume, durability, efficiency and cost. Composite gas tanks for vehicles are already available at 5,000 psi and recently up to 10,000 psi have been successfully tested at Quantum Technologies [1]. The new tanks are made of a lightweight carbon-fiber composite and are being developed in collaboration with Aceves, et al. at LLNL [2]. The volume efficiency is still poor and much energy is used in compressing the gas. Storage of liquid hydrogen in cryogenic containers [3] enables better volume efficiency, but about 1/3 of the energy stored has to be used for liquefaction and hydrogen will be lost due to evaporation. New light-weight, low-volume materials with low heat transfer and higher safety are required. With a future perspective, solid-state hydrogen storage materials are more likely to meet the requirements for onboard storage: appropriate thermodynamics, fast kinetics, high storage capacity (6wt% at 100 degrees C and 0.1MPa before 2010), effective heat transfer, light weight, long cycle life, and safety. There are several candidates for hydrogen storage; most promising arc the nanostructured materials including metal hydrides, carbon nanotubes, inorganic nanotubes, as well as lithium nitride and metal-organic frameworks (MOF). Both reversible and irreversible hydrogen storage systems are currently being developed. Hydrogen can be irreversibly stored in, for example, NaBH4 and released by a catalyzed chemical reaction in water. Suda et al. [4] demonstrated a fuel cell powered by NaBH4. The byproduct NaBO2 can be recovered and reproduced back to NaBH4 but it is costly and timeconsuming. Millenium Cell is making progress in developing? an efficient low-cost off-board regeneration procedure [5]. Currently work is also being done to find an appropriate catalyst for obtaining higher hydrogen production at a productive rate at room temperature. Other chemical hydrides are also of interest. At Safe Hydrogen a type of magnesium hydride slurry has been developed that has shown some potential [6]. Researchers at Air Products and Chemical, Inc. developed a number of novel liquid-phase hydrogen carriers that have 5-7wt% H-2 gravimetriccapacity [7]. It would be more practical to use a reversible solid hydrogen storage material once an appropriate system has been developed. An overview of the most interesting classes of such hydrogen storage materials follows: Among the class of metal hydrides, the complex type usually has higher hydrogen solubility? than the intermetallic type (AB, AB(2), A(2)B, etc). Most promising are the alanates and the borohydrides with anionic complexes of [AlH4] and [BH4](-) that are mainly stabilized with light metal cations. Theoretically both alanates and borohydrides have weight percent hydrogen far higher than required, but they decompose at high temperatures and are difficult to make reversible. So far, only NaAlH4 has been developed to show reversibility at reasonable temperatures by adding appropriate Ti-dopants, but practical storage capacity is only about 4wt% [8,9, 10]. Hydrogen desorption kinetics has been investigate by Anton et al. [ I I]. Other alanates are currently under development and new practical synthesis routes need to be found, that are less complicated than wet-chemical processes. Among the borohydrides, LiBH4 was shown to have a reversible capacity of 13.3wt% at higher temperatures by using a catalyst [12]. Some groups are also trying to discover new metal hydrides and there is a trend to use high-pressures for synthesis. An unusual ternary Mg-hydride, i.e. Mg7TiH16, was recently synthesized by using GPa high-pressures and has over 7wt% hydrogen and a much lower desorption temperature than MgH2 [13]. Work is continuing to make this system practical by finding another synthesis route and designing a functional catalyst for reversible hydrogen storage. Recently many materials other than the classical metal hydrides have appeared as promising competitors. The nanotubes are an interesting new class of materials, including carbon, boron nitride (BN), titanium sulfide (TiS2) and molybdenum sulfide (MoS2). Dillon et al. [14] first discovered the ability of carbon nanotubes to absorb hydrogen. Thereafter, promising publications reporting high hydrogen storage capacities in carbon nanotubes has appeared as summarized by Hirscher et al. [15]. However, the results have been difficult to reproduce. These H-2 uptake systems require either high pressure or very low temperature or both. One of the most reliable results was obtained by Ye et al. [ 16] who observed 8wt% storage in SWNT at 80K. By using high-energy reactive ball milling under a hydrogen atmosphere graphite can be loaded with large amounts of hydrogen up to 7wt%, but desorption temperature is 700K and re-loading in a hydrogen atmosphere is impossible [ 17]. Inorganic nanotubes, analogues to carbon nanotubes, have emerged and are still in its cradle stage and far from being optimized. Boron nitrides are isoelectronic and isostructural to carbon nanotubes. Ma et al. [18] demonstrated that multiwalled and bamboo type BN nanotubes can uptake 1.8 and 2.6wt% hydrogen respectively under 10MPa at room temperature. BN powder itself only absorbs 0.2wt%. It was also shown that when ball milling h-BN under hydrogen atmosphere for 80 hours, the sample absorbed 2.6wt% hydrogen that could be partly desorbed at 570-1173K [19]. Tang et al. [20], received hydrogen absorption of 4.2wt% for platinum-treated BN nanotubes. Collapsed surfaces of BN effectively increase the capacity due to higher specific surface area. MoS2 nanotubes are also analogues to carbon nanotubes and weak Van der Waals forces are responsible for the stacking of the S-Mo-S layers with room for hydrogen in between MoS2 nanotubes. Chen et al. [21] synthesized MoS2 by direct reaction of (NH4)(2)MoS4 and hydrogen and then sintered in hydrogen-thiophene (400 degrees C, 1 h). The electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties were investigated and the discharge capacity was 0.97wt%. Gas-adsorption properties Of MoS2 nanotubes were also examined and a maximum capacity of 1.2wt% was observed. Multiwalled TiS2 nanotubes were synthesized that reversibly absorb 2.5wt% hydrogen at 25 degrees C and 4 MPa [21]. After 20 adsorption/dcsorption cycles different types of defects were formed that decreased the storage capacity, but increasing the kinetics of absorption/desorption??. Another competitor to metal hydrides are nitrides. It was recently discovered by Chen et al. [221 that lithium nitride (Li3N) can reversibly absorb hydrogen up to about 10wt% in two steps below 300 degrees C. It was proposed that absorption leads to formation of lithium imide (Li2NH) + LiH and further to lithium amide (LiNH2) + LiH, theoretically 11.5wt% in total. By mixing lithium imide with MgH2 the absorption/desorption properties were further improved to show reversibility for several cycles at 30bar and 220 degrees C [23]. The metallo-organic framework (MOF) materials are a new class of hydrogen absorbers. These are crystalline metal-organic frameworks with cubic cavities of uniform size and internal structure. Most microporous framework materials composed of metal oxides, such as zeolitcs, have poor hydrogen capacity. A new MOF-material reported by Rosi et al. [24], consisted of inorganic [OZn4](6+) groups joined to an octahedral array Of [O2C-C6H4-CO2](2)- (1,4benzenedicarboxylate) groups to from porous cubic framework and absorbed 4.5wt% hydrogen at 78K. and moderate pressures. At room temperature only 1 wt% was absorbed. Finally, we would like to emphasize that development of new practical hydrogen storage materials is a scientific and technical challenge and demands a joint effort by experimentalists and theorists of different fields to fully understand the bonding and diffusion paths of hydrogen. It will be crucial for future advancements in developing a practical hydrogen storage material to continue with fundamental research and detailed characterization of materials in order to fully understand the mechanism behind hydrogen uptake and release to be able to improve kinetics and thermodynamics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, JCF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 68 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-591-3 PY 2005 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX47 UT WOS:000228248100002 ER PT B AU McHugh, KM Lin, Y Zhou, Y Lavernia, EJ Delplanque, JP Johnson, SB AF McHugh, KM Lin, Y Zhou, Y Lavernia, EJ Delplanque, JP Johnson, SB BE Bieler, TR Carsley, JE Fraser, HL Sears, JW Smurgeresky, JE TI Spray rolling aluminum strip for transportation applications SO TRENDS IN MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES AND POWDER METALLURGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Global Innovations in Materials Processing and Manufacturing held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Proc & Mfg Div, TMS DE spray rolling; spray forming; aluminum strip casting ID ALLOYS AB Spray rolling is a novel strip casting technology in which molten aluminum alloy is atomized and deposited into the roll gap of mill rolls to produce aluminum strip. A combined experimental/modeling approach has been followed in developing this technology with active participation from industry. The feasibility of this technology has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale and it is currently being scaled-up. This paper provides an overview of the process and compares the microstructure and properties of spray-rolled 2124 aluminum alloy with commercial ingot-processed material. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McHugh, KM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Delplanque, Jean-Pierre/I-8690-2016; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-591-3 PY 2005 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX47 UT WOS:000228248100032 ER PT B AU Alman, DE AF Alman, DE BE Bieler, TR Carsley, JE Fraser, HL Sears, JW Smurgeresky, JE TI Influence of Si on the microstructure of reactive sintered Tial SO TRENDS IN MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES AND POWDER METALLURGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Global Innovations in Materials Processing and Manufacturing held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Proc & Mfg Div, TMS DE TiAl; Ti5Si3; insitu composites; reactive sintering ID COMPOSITES; ALLOYS AB TiAl-Ti5Si3 insitu composites were fabricated by reactive sintering mixtures of elemental Ti, Al and Si powders at 700 degrees C for 15 minutes in vacuum. Adding Si to Ti and Al reduced the swelling associated with reactive sintering of TiAl, as composites containing more than 5 v%Ti5Sb3 densified during reactive sintering. However, composites containing more than 10 v%Ti5Si3 did not retain their shape during processing, and composites with more than 20 v%Ti5Si3 completely melted during sintering. A thermodynamic analysis indicated that the simultaneous formation of TiAl and Ti5Si3 increases the adiabatic flame temperature during the reaction between the powders; with flame temperatures of compositions comprising more than 20 v%Ti5Si3 exceeding the melting point of TiAl as was experimentally observed. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) revealed that an Al-Si eutectic reaction occurred in mixtures of Ti, Al and Si powders prior to the formation of the TiAl and Ti5Si3 phases. There was no such pre-reaction formation of an eutectic liquid in Ti and Al powder mixtures. The formation of the pre-reaction liquid and the increase in adiabatic flame temperature resulted in the melting that occurred and the enhanced densification (minimization of swelling) during reactive sintering of the insitu composites. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Alman, DE (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-591-3 PY 2005 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX47 UT WOS:000228248100041 ER PT B AU Nyberg, E Simmons, K Weil, KS AF Nyberg, E Simmons, K Weil, KS BE Bieler, TR Carsley, JE Fraser, HL Sears, JW Smurgeresky, JE TI A novel method of injection molding titanium components SO TRENDS IN MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES AND POWDER METALLURGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Global Innovations in Materials Processing and Manufacturing held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Proc & Mfg Div, TMS AB We have developed a unique blend of powder injection molding feedstock materials in which only a small volume fraction of binder (< 8%) is required; the remainder of the mixture consists of the metal powder and a solid aromatic solvent. Because of the nature of the decomposition in the binder system and the relatively small amount used, the binder is eliminated almost completely from the pre-sintered component during the initial stage of a two-step heat treatment process. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nyberg, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-591-3 PY 2005 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX47 UT WOS:000228248100044 ER PT B AU Weil, KS Hardy, JS AF Weil, KS Hardy, JS BE Bieler, TR Carsley, JE Fraser, HL Sears, JW Smurgeresky, JE TI Use of combustion synthesis in preparing ceramicmatrix and metal-matrix composite powders SO TRENDS IN MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES AND POWDER METALLURGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Global Innovations in Materials Processing and Manufacturing held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Proc & Mfg Div, TMS AB The glycine-nitrate combustion synthesis process was used to prepare a series of nanoscale metal-ceramic composite powders. Copper and cerium nitrate salts were dissolved in the appropriate ratio in water, combined with glycine, and heated to cause autoignition. The resulting product consists of an intimate and well-dispersed mixture of nanometer size copper and cerium oxide cystallites. Subsequent reduction in hydrogen at 300 degrees C allowed the formation of a well-dispersed Cu/CeO2 nanoscale powder product. Various processing parameters, such as metal salt ratio and salt-to-glycine ratio, were found to have signicant effects on powder composition, reinforcement phase dispersion, and reinforcement and matrix particle size distribution. As will also be discussed, we have carried out an intial series of experiments aimed at understanding the consolidation of these materials via standard pressing and sintering approaches. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-591-3 PY 2005 BP 341 EP 348 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX47 UT WOS:000228248100047 ER PT J AU Sumant, AV Krauss, AR Gruen, DM Auciello, O Erdemir, A Williams, M Artiles, AF Adams, W AF Sumant, AV Krauss, AR Gruen, DM Auciello, O Erdemir, A Williams, M Artiles, AF Adams, W TI Ultrananocrystalline diamond film as a wear-resistant and protective coating for mechanical seal applications SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 20-24, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE ultrananocrystalline diamond films; mechanical seals; wear ID THIN-FILMS; FRICTION AB Mechanical shaft seals used in pumps are critically important to the safe operation of the paper, pulp, and chemical process industry, as well as petroleum and nuclear power plants. Specifically, these seals prevent the leakage of toxic gases and hazardous chemicals to the environment and final products from the rotating equipment used in manufacturing processes. Diamond coatings have the potential to provide negligible wear, ultralow friction, and high corrosion resistance for the sliding surfaces of mechanical seals, because diamond exhibits outstanding tribological, physical, and chemical properties. However, diamond coatings produced by conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) exhibit high surface roughness (R-a greater than or equal to 1 mum), which results in high wear of the seal counterface, leading to premature seal failure. To avoid this problem, we have developed an ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) film formed by a unique CH4/Ar microwave plasma CVD method. This method yields extremely smooth diamond coatings with surface roughness R-a=20-30 nm and an average grain size of 2-5 nm. We report the results of a systematic test program involving uncoated and UNCD-coated SiC shaft seals. Results confirmed that the UNCD-coated seals exhibited neither measurable wear nor any leakage during long-duration tests that took 21 days to complete. In addition, the UNCD coatings reduced the frictional torque for seal rotation by five to six times compared with the uncoated seals. This work promises to lead to rotating shaft seals with much improved service life, reduced maintenance cost, reduced leakage of environmentally hazardous materials, and increased energy savings. This technology may also have many other tribological applications involving rolling or sliding contacts. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Flowserve Corp, Flow Solut Div, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. RP Sumant, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1080/05698190590893134 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 896UX UT WOS:000226960500004 ER PT S AU Carr, RD Konjevod, G AF Carr, Robert D. Konjevod, Goran BE Greenberg, HJ TI POLYHEDRAL COMBINATORICS SO TUTORIALS ON EMERGING METHODOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INFORMS 2004 Meeting CY 2004 CL Denver, CO DE combinatorial optimization; integer programming; linear programming; polyhedron; relaxation; separation; duality; compact optimization; projection; lifting; dynamic programming; total dual integrality; integrality gap; approximation algorithms ID TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM; INEQUALITIES; ALGORITHMS; TSP AB Polyhedral combinatorics is a rich mathematical subject motivated by integer and linear programming. While not exhaustive, this survey covers a variety of interesting topics, so let's get right to it! C1 [Carr, Robert D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carr, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bobcarr@cs.sandia.gov; goran@asu.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-0-387-22827-3 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2005 VL 76 PG 46 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLU49 UT WOS:000271081800002 ER PT B AU Hedges, R Loewe, B McLarty, T Morrone, C AF Hedges, R Loewe, B McLarty, T Morrone, C GP IEEE Computer Society TI Parallel file system testing for the lunatic fringe: The care and feeding of restless I/O power users SO Twenty-Second IEEE/Thirteenth NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, Proceedings: INFORMATION RETRIEVAL FROM VERY LARGE STORAGE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies/13th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies CY APR 11-14, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Mass Storage Syst Tech Comm, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB Over the last several years there has been a major thrust at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory toward building extremely large scale computing clusters based on open source software and commodity hardware. On the storage front, our efforts have focused upon the development of the Lustre[1] file system and bringing it into production in our computer center. Given our customers' requirements, it is assured that we will be living on the bleeding edge with this file system software as we press it into production. A further reality is that our partners are not able to duplicate the scale of systems as required for these testing purposes. For these practical reasons, the onus for file system testing at scale has fallen largely upon us. As an integral part of our testing efforts, we have developed programs for stress and performance testing of parallel file systems. This paper focuses on these unique test programs and upon how we apply them to understand the usage and failure modes of such large-scale parallel file systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Scalable IO Project, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hedges, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Scalable IO Project, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2318-8 PY 2005 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1109/MSST.2005.22 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCE87 UT WOS:000228958000001 ER PT B AU Oleynik, G Alcorn, B Baisley, W Bakken, J Berg, D Berman, E Huang, CH Jones, T Kennedy, RD Kulyavtsev, A Moibenko, A Perelmutov, T Petravick, D Podstavkov, V Szmuksta, G Zalokar, M AF Oleynik, G Alcorn, B Baisley, W Bakken, J Berg, D Berman, E Huang, CH Jones, T Kennedy, RD Kulyavtsev, A Moibenko, A Perelmutov, T Petravick, D Podstavkov, V Szmuksta, G Zalokar, M GP IEEE Computer Society TI Fermilab's multi-petabyte scalable mass storage system SO Twenty-Second IEEE/Thirteenth NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, Proceedings: INFORMATION RETRIEVAL FROM VERY LARGE STORAGE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies/13th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies CY APR 11-14, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Mass Storage Syst Tech Comm, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB Fermilab provides a multi-Petabyte scale mass storage system for High Energy Physics (HEP) Experiments and other scientific endeavors. We describe the scalability aspects of the hardware and software architecture that were designed into the Mass Storage System to permit us to scale to multiple petabytes of storage capacity, manage tens of terabytes per day in data transfers, support hundreds of users, and maintain data integrity. We discuss in detail how we scale the system over time to meet the ever-increasing needs of the scientific community, and relate our experiences with many of the technical and economic issues related to scaling the system. Since the 2003 MSST conference, the experiments at Fermilab have generated more than 1.9 PB of additional data. We present results on how this system has scaled and performed for the Fermilab CDF and DO Run II experiments as well as other HEP experiments and scientific endeavors. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Oleynik, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2318-8 PY 2005 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1109/MSST.2005.16 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCE87 UT WOS:000228958000007 ER PT B AU Watson, RW AF Watson, RW GP IEEE Computer Society TI High performance storage system scalability: Architecture, implementation and experience SO TWENTY-SECOND IEEE/THIRTEENTH NASA GODDARD CONFERENCE ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS: INFORMATION RETRIEVAL FROM VERY LARGE STORAGE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies/13th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies CY APR 11-14, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Mass Storage Syst Tech Comm, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB The High Performance Storage System (HPSS) provides scalable hierarchical storage management (HSM), archive, and file system services. Its design, implementation and current dominant use are focused on HSM and archive services. It is also a general-purpose, global, shared, parallel file system, potentially useful in other application domains. When HPSS design and implementation began over a decade ago, scientific computing power and storage capabilities at a site, such as a DOE national laboratory, was measured in a few 10s of gigaops, data archived in HSMs in a few 10s of terabytes at most, data throughput rates to an HSM in a few megabytes/s, and daily throughput with the HSM in a few gigabytes/day. At that time, the DOE national laboratories and IBM HPSS design team recognized that we were headed for a data storage explosion driven by computing power rising to teraops/petaops requiring data stored in HSMs to rise to petabytes and beyond, data transfer rates with the HSM to rise to gigabytes/s and higher, and daily throughput with a HSM in 10s of terabytes/day. This paper discusses HPSS architectural, implementation and deployment experiences that contributed to its success in meeting the above orders of magnitude scaling targets. We also discuss areas that need additional attention as we continue significant scaling into the future. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Watson, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dwatson@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2318-8 PY 2005 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1109/MSST.2005.17 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCE87 UT WOS:000228958000013 ER PT S AU Neil, GR Behre, C Benson, SV Biallas, G Boyce, J Dillon-Townes, LA Douglas, D Dylla, HF Evans, R Grippo, A Gruber, D Gubeli, J Hernandez-Garcia, C Jordan, K Kelley, MJ Merminga, L Mammosser, J Nishimimori, N Preble, J Rimmer, R Shinn, M Siggins, T Walker, R Williams, GP Zhang, S AF Neil, GR Behre, C Benson, SV Biallas, G Boyce, J Dillon-Townes, LA Douglas, D Dylla, HF Evans, R Grippo, A Gruber, D Gubeli, J Hernandez-Garcia, C Jordan, K Kelley, MJ Merminga, L Mammosser, J Nishimimori, N Preble, J Rimmer, R Shinn, M Siggins, T Walker, R Williams, GP Zhang, S BE Kelley, MJ Kreutz, EW Li, M Pique, A TI Producing ultrashort terahertz to UV photons at high repetition rates for research into materials SO Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; OPERATION; FEL AB A new THz/IR/UV photon source at Jefferson Lab is the first of a new generation of light sources based on a Energy-Recovered, (superconducting) Linac (ERL). The machine has a 160 MeV electron beam and an average current of 10 mA in 75 MHz repetition rate hundred femtosecond bunches. These electron bunches pass through a magnetic chicane and therefore emit synchrotron radiation. For wavelengths longer than the electron bunch the electrons radiate coherently a broadband THz similar to half cycle pulse whose average brightness is > 5 orders of magnitude higher than synchrotron IR sources. Previous measurements showed 20 W of average power extracted[l]. The new facility offers simultaneous synchrotron light from the visible through the FIR along with broadband THz production of 100 fs pulses with > 200 W of average power (see G. P. Williams, this conference). The FELs also provide record-breaking laser power [2]: up to 10 kW of average power in the IR from I to 14 microns in 400 fs pulses at up to 74.85 MHz repetition rates and soon will produce similar pulses of 300-1000 rim light at up to 3 kW of average power from the UV FEL. These ultrashort pulses are ideal for maximizing the interaction with material surfaces. The optical beams are Gaussian with nearly perfect beam quality. See www.jIab.org,/FEL for details of the operating characteristics; a wide variety of pulse train configurations are feasible from 10 microseconds long at high repetition rates to continuous operation. The THz and IR system has been commissioned. The UV system is to follow in 2005. The light is transported to user laboratories for basic and applied research. Additional lasers synchronized to the FEL are also available. Past activities have included production of carbon nanotubes, studies of vibrational relaxation of interstitial hydrogen in silicon, pulsed laser vapor deposition, nitriding of metals, and energy flow in proteins. This paper will present the status of the system and discuss some of the opportunities provided by this unique light source for modifying and studying materials. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Neil, GR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI EVANS, ROBIN/0000-0002-7988-3189 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-798-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 850 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BCN89 UT WOS:000230340500006 ER PT S AU Benson, S Douglas, DR Dylla, HF Gubeli, J Jordan, K Neil, GR Shinn, M Zhang, S Williams, GP AF Benson, S Douglas, DR Dylla, HF Gubeli, J Jordan, K Neil, GR Shinn, M Zhang, S Williams, GP BE Kelley, MJ Kreutz, EW Li, M Pique, A TI High power THz generation from sub-PS bunches of relativistic electrons SO Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; TERAHERTZ RADIATION AB We describe a > 100 Watt broadband THz source that takes advantage of the relativistic enhancement of the radiation from accelerating electrons according to the formula assigned the name of Sir Joseph Larmor[1,2]. This is in contrast to the typical 1 milliwatt sources available in a laboratory. Specifically, for relativistic electrons the emission is enhanced by the fourth power of the increase in mass. Thus for 100 MeV electrons, for which the mass increases by a factor of similar to 200, the enhancement is > 10(9). The experiments use a new generation of light source called an energy recovery linac (ERL) [3], in which bunches of electrons circulate once, but in which their energy is recovered. In such a machine the electron bunches can be very much shorter than those, say, in storage rings or synchrotrons. The Jefferson Lab facility operates in new limits of emission from relativistic particles involving both multiparticle coherence and near-field emission in which the velocity (Coulomb) term in the classical electrodynamical theory becomes as important as the acceleration term (synchrotron radiation). The sub-picosecond pulses of light offer unique capabilities in 2 specific areas, namely time-resolved dynamics, and imaging. High resolution THz spectroscopy has recently revealed sharp vibrational modes for many materials including malignant tissue, proteins, DNA, pharmaceuticals and explosive materials. Energetically the THz range embraces superconducting bandgaps, and regions of intense interest in the understanding of systems in which correlated motions of electrons are important, such as colossal magneto-resistive and high-Tc materials. The very high power levels of the new source will allow non-linear effects to be observed as well as the creation of novel states of materials, including electric-field driven localization [4]. We will give examples of existing work in these areas and present opportunities afforded by the new source. C1 Jefferson Lab, FEL Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Benson, S (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, FEL Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-798-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 850 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BCN89 UT WOS:000230340500007 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Mao, SS AF Zhang, Y Mao, SS BE Kelley, MJ Kreutz, EW Li, M Pique, A TI Influence of oxygen partial pressure on the quality of nanowires for energetic photon detection applications SO Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID GROWTH AB ZnO based semiconductors have emerged as promising materials for energetic photon detection. Aimed to improve photon detection efficiency, we have successfully grown ZnO nanowires based on vapor-liquid-solid approach. In this paper, we examine the influence of oxygen partial pressure on the quality ZnO nanowires. Optical properties of the nanowires grown under different oxygen environment were characterized, and we found that low oxygen partial pressure can result in large concentration of defect states, as reflected by increased visible emission and an elevated threshold for stimulated emission. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-798-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 850 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BCN89 UT WOS:000230340500024 ER PT S AU Mao, SS AF Mao, SS BE Kelley, MJ Kreutz, EW Li, M Pique, A TI Ultrafast laser deposition of semiconductor nanowires SO Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafast Lasers for Materials Science held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; EVAPORATION; ABLATION; GROWTH AB Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been applied to fabricate thin films of a variety of materials. However, formation of micron-sized particulates during conventional nanosecond laser-based deposition process makes it unsuitable for growing high quality nanoscale materials. Owing to a nonequilibrium non-thermal ablation mechanism and characterized by their short pulse duration compared to thermal diffusion time (tens of picoseconds), ultrafast laser pulses are able to produce particulate-free precursor vapor for nanoscale material deposition. In this article, the foundation of non-thermal ultrafast laser ablation will be examined by both experimental and theoretical investigation:;. Ultrafast laser-induced high-density electron ejection and subsequent build-up of a strong electric field above the target material were observed. Mass spectrometry and electron microscopy measurements confirmed the particulate-free nature of ultrafast laser ablation. Using ultrafast laser-based particulate-free PLD approach, high quality ZnO nanowires were grown on sapphire and silicon substrates. The optical properties of ZnO nanowires, including the external and internal quantum efficiency of nanowire nanolasers, were experimentally determined. In addition, a nanowire UV photodiode based on p-Si/n-ZnO nanowires was successfully fabricated. This first nanowire photodiode device shows good photocurrent characteristics when operated under reverse bias. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-798-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 850 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BCN89 UT WOS:000230340500026 ER PT S AU Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Omenetto, FG Joly, N Skryabin, DV Knight, JC Wadsworth, WJ Russel, PS AF Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Omenetto, FG Joly, N Skryabin, DV Knight, JC Wadsworth, WJ Russel, PS BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Spectral-temporal soliton dynamics analysis near second zero-dispersion point in photonic crystal fibers SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; PULSES AB The propagation dynamics of an ultrashort optical pulse near the second zero-dispersion point of a small-core high-delta photonic crystal fiber is investigated using cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating. Negative dispersion slope strongly influences the observed behavior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Knight, Jonathan/D-3879-2011 OI Knight, Jonathan/0000-0002-0802-8804 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 52 EP 54 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300016 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, G Clarke, SA Taylor, AJ AF Rodriguez, G Clarke, SA Taylor, AJ BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Absolute displacement interferometry of ultrafast laser-produced plasma expansion SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer ID PULSES AB Microscopic interferometric measurement of plasma expansion and surface motion during the laser-heating period of a metal target using a single ultrafast pump pulse is reported. A spatial resolution of approximately a few nanometers is achieved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Mail Stop K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 149 EP 151 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300046 ER PT S AU Thorsmolle, VK Averitt, RD Demsar, J Chi, X Smith, DL Ramirez, AP Taylor, AJ AF Thorsmolle, VK Averitt, RD Demsar, J Chi, X Smith, DL Ramirez, AP Taylor, AJ BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Exciton dynamics in pentacene and tetracene studied using optical pump-probe spectroscopy SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer AB We present room temperature measurements in pentacene and tetracene spectroscopy. Singlet exciton recombination, triplet state absorption is observed. photoinduced reflection and transmission single crystals using optical pump-probe singlet-triplet fission, excited singlet, and triplet state absorption is observed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thorsmolle, VK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Thorsmolle, Verner/M-1095-2015 OI Thorsmolle, Verner/0000-0002-5890-4403 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 269 EP 271 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300083 ER PT S AU Prasankumar, RP Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Okamura, H Imai, H Shimakawa, Y Kubo, Y AF Prasankumar, RP Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Okamura, H Imai, H Shimakawa, Y Kubo, Y BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Ultrafast mid-infrared dynamics in the colossal magnetoresistance pyrochlore Tl2Mn2O7 SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer AB An optical pump, mid-infrared (IR) probe system is used to investigate ultrafast temperature-dependent dynamics of the colossal magnetoresistance pyrochlore Tl2Mn2O7. The dynamics change appreciably near the Curie temperature (T-c), indicating a dependence on ferromagnetic ordering. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rpprasan@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2005 VL 79 BP 313 EP 315 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300096 ER PT S AU Thorsmolle, VK Averitt, RD Aranson, I Maley, MP Bulaevskii, LN Taylor, AJ AF Thorsmolle, VK Averitt, RD Aranson, I Maley, MP Bulaevskii, LN Taylor, AJ BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Dynamic coupling-decoupling crossover in the current-driven vortex-state in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 studied using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer ID LATTICE; PHASE AB Employing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission, we have measured the Josephson plasma resonance in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 high-T-c thin films, and studied the current-driven coupling-decoupling crossover in the driven vortex lattice. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thorsmolle, VK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 325 EP 327 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300100 ER PT S AU Cavalleri, A Dekorsy, T Chong, HH Kieffer, JC Schoenlein, RW AF Cavalleri, A Dekorsy, T Chong, HH Kieffer, JC Schoenlein, RW BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Phase transition in strongly-correlated VO2: Time-domain assignment of cause and effect. SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer AB We establish time-domain hierarchy between structural and electronic effects in the strongly correlated system VO2. The insulator-to-metal transition is driven directly by structural change rather than by electron-electron correlations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cavalleri, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 346 EP 348 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300107 ER PT S AU O'Hara, JF Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ AF O'Hara, JF Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Terahertz surface plasmon polariton coupling on metallic grating structures SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer ID PROPAGATION; DISTANCES AB We report efficient coupling and decoupling of free-space teraliertz radiation to surface plasmon polaritons on various metallic gratings. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2005 VL 79 BP 696 EP 698 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300211 ER PT S AU Demsar, J Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ Kabanov, VV AF Demsar, J Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ Kabanov, VV BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Cooper pair breaking dynamics in MgB2 using optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer AB Cooper pair-breaking dynamics (PBD) have been resolved for the first time in MgB2. We present an analysis of the PBD using the Rothwarf-Taylor model, enabling the determination of the bare quasiparticle recombination and phonon pair-breaking rates. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Demsar, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 726 EP 728 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300221 ER PT S AU Rini, M Cavalleri, A Lopez, R Boatner, LA Haglund, RF Haynes, TE Feldman, LC Schoenlein, RW AF Rini, M Cavalleri, A Lopez, R Boatner, LA Haglund, RF Haynes, TE Feldman, LC Schoenlein, RW BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Ultrafast control of a surface plasmon resonance via the insulator to metal transition in VO2 nanoparticles SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer ID OPTICAL NONLINEARITY AB We report on the study of the ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition in nanoparticles of strongly correlated VO2. The particles are grown by ion-implantation and self-assembly in a Silica matrix and can be switched between the insulating and metallic phase within less than 100 fs. The prompt formation of the metallic state results in the appearance of a surface-plasmon resonance that is absent in the bulk and can be further tailored by controlling the particle shape. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rini, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lopez, Rene/G-3734-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Lopez, Rene/0000-0001-6274-066X; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 792 EP 794 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300242 ER PT J AU Puckett, AD Peterson, ML AF Puckett, AD Peterson, ML TI A semi-analytical model for predicting multiple propagating axially symmetric modes in cylindrical waveguides SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE cylindrical waveguide; elastic wave propagation; dispersive; multiple mode; analytical model ID SUDDEN APPLICATION; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; ONE END; PRESSURE; BAR; STRAIN; STRESS; ROD AB A semi-analytical model for multiple mode axially symmetric wave propagation in finite solid cylindrical waveguides is presented. The model is designed as a tool for predicting and interpreting experimental signals. The model is based on a common experimental configuration and considers the excitation, propagation and reception of the ultrasonic signal in the waveguide. The Pochhammer-Chree solution for an infinite cylinder is the basis for the model. Extensions are made to enable comparison to experimental results. Comparisons with experiment are performed in the time, frequency and joint-time frequency domain for both narrow band and broad band excitation of the piezo-electric transducer. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Mech Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Puckett, AD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM apuckett@lanl.gov RI Peterson, Michael/H-5340-2011 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.ultras.2004.04.008 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 876QU UT WOS:000225513100007 PM 15556654 ER PT S AU Haschke, GB Koch, MW Malone, KT AF Haschke, GB Koch, MW Malone, KT BE Carapezza, EM TI Practical measures of confidence for acoustic identification of ground vehicles SO Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE confidence estimation; acoustic vehicle classification error AB An unattended round sensor (UGS) that attempts to perform target identification without providing some corresponding estimate of confidence level is of limited utility. In this context, a confidence level is a measure of probability that the detected vehicle is of a particular target class. Many identification methods attempt to match features of a detected vehicle to each of a set of target templates. Each template is formed empirically from features collected from vehicles known to be members of the particular target class. The nontarget class is inherent in this formulation and must be addressed in providing a confidence level. Often, it is difficult to adequately characterize the nontarget class empirically by feature collection, so assumptions must be made about the nontarget class. An analyst tasked with deciding how to use the confidence level of the classifier decision should have an accurate understanding of the meaning of the confidence level given. This paper compares several definitions of confidence level by considering the assumptions that are made in each, how these assumptions affect the meaning, and giving examples of implementing them in a practical acoustic UGS. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haschke, GB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5781-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5796 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.602398 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCS71 UT WOS:000231086200002 ER PT S AU Doser, AB Yee, ML O'Rourke, WT Slinkard, ME Craft, DC Nguyen, HD AF Doser, AB Yee, ML O'Rourke, WT Slinkard, ME Craft, DC Nguyen, HD BE Carapezza, EM TI Distributed algorithms for small vehicle detection, classification and velocity estimation using unattended ground sensors SO Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE unattended ground sensors; beamforming; distributed processing AB This study developed a distributed vehicle target detection and estimation capability using two algorithmic approaches designed to take advantage of the capabilities of networked sensor systems. The primary interest was on small, quiet vehicles, such as personally owned SUVs and light trucks. The first algorithm approach utilized arrayed sensor beamforming techniques. In addition, it demonstrated a capability to find locations of unknown roads by extending code developed by the Army Acoustic Center for Excellence at Picatinny Arsenal. The second approach utilized single (non-array) sensors and employed generalized correlation techniques. Modifications to both techniques were suggested that, if implemented, could yield robust methods for target classification and tracking using two different types of networked sensor systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doser, AB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5781-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5796 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1117/12.607012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCS71 UT WOS:000231086200037 ER PT S AU Tsang, CF Apps, JA AF Tsang, Chin-Fu Apps, John A. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE 52 UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PREFACE SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Tsang, Chin-Fu; Apps, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cftsang@lbl.gov; jaapps@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP XXV EP XXVI PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900001 ER PT S AU Silin, D Tsang, CF Gerrish, H AF Silin, D. Tsang, C. -F. Gerrish, H. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI REPLACING ANNUAL SHUT-IN WELL TESTS BY ANALYSIS OF REGULAR INJECTION DATA: FIELD-CASE FEASIBILITY STUDY SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPERATIONS C1 [Silin, D.; Tsang, C. -F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gerrish, H.] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Silin, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DSilin@LBL.GOV; cftsang@lbl.gov; gerrish.harlan@epa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 139 EP 149 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900012 ER PT S AU Park, E Elfeki, A Dekking, M AF Park, Eungyu Elfeki, Amro Dekking, Michel BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF SUBSURFACE HETEROGENEITY: INTEGRATION OF SOFT AND HARD INFORMATION USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL COUPLED MARKOV CHAIN APPROACH SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Park, Eungyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Elfeki, Amro; Dekking, Michel] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP Park, E (reprint author), Kyungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Geol, Taegu, South Korea. EM parke@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900017 ER PT S AU Pozdniakov, SP Bakshevskay, VA Zubkov, AA Danilov, VV Rybalchenko, AI Tsang, CF AF Pozdniakov, S. P. Bakshevskay, V. A. Zubkov, A. A. Danilov, V. V. Rybalchenko, A. I. Tsang, C. -F. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI MODELING OF WASTE INJECTION IN HETEROGENEOUS SANDY CLAY FORMATIONS SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSPORT; FLOW C1 [Pozdniakov, S. P.; Bakshevskay, V. A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Geol, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Zubkov, A. A.; Danilov, V. V.] Siberian Chem Combine, Seversk, Russia. [Rybalchenko, A. I.] All Russia Designing & Res Inst Prod Engn VNIPIPT, Moscow, Russia. [Tsang, C. -F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pozdniakov, SP (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Geol, Moscow 119899, Russia. EM sppozd@geol.msu.ru; cftsang@lbl.gov RI Pozdniakov, Sergey/J-7154-2012 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 203 EP 219 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900018 ER PT S AU Wu, YS AF Wu, Y. -S. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI NON-DARCY FLOW BEHAVIOR NEAR HIGH-FLUX INJECTION WELLS IN POROUS AND FRACTURED FORMATIONS SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESERVOIRS; MEDIA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 221 EP 233 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900019 ER PT S AU Spycher, NF Larkin, RG AF Spycher, N. F. Larkin, R. G. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WASTE FLUID, FORMATION WATER, AND HOST ROCK DURING DEEP-WELL INJECTION SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REACTIVE GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT; SATURATED FRACTURED ROCKS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MINERALS; FLOW; 350-DEGREES-C; EQUILIBRIA; SOLUBILITY; 0-DEGREES; SYSTEMS C1 [Spycher, N. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Larkin, R. G.] RG Larkin Consulting, Austin, TX 78749 USA. RP Spycher, NF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM randylarkin@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 313 EP 326 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900024 ER PT S AU Veil, JA Dusseault, MB AF Veil, J. A. Dusseault, M. B. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI INTERNATIONAL DATABASE FOR SLURRY INJECTION OF DRILLING WASTES SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Veil, J. A.; Dusseault, M. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Veil, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM jveil@anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 539 EP 547 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900043 ER PT S AU Puder, MG Veil, JA Bryson, W AF Puder, M. G. Veil, J. A. Bryson, W. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND PRACTICES GOVERNING SLURRY INJECTION OF DRILLING WASTES SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Puder, M. G.; Veil, J. A.; Bryson, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Puder, MG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM puder@anl.gov; jveil@anl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 549 EP 556 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900044 ER PT S AU Bruno, MS Young, JT Moghaddam, O Wong, H Apps, JA AF Bruno, M. S. Young, J. T. Moghaddam, O. Wong, H. Apps, J. A. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI THERMAL TREATMENT, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, AND METHANE GENERATION THROUGH DEEP-WELL INJECTION OF BIOSOLIDS SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bruno, M. S.; Young, J. T.] Terralog Technol USA Inc, Arcadia, CA 91006 USA. [Moghaddam, O.; Wong, H.] City Los Angeles Dept Publ Works, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Apps, J. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bruno, MS (reprint author), Terralog Technol USA Inc, Arcadia, CA 91006 USA. EM msbruno@terralog.com; jtyoung@terralog.com; jaapps@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 587 EP 604 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900047 ER PT S AU Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF AF Rutqvist, J. Tsang, C. -F. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI COUPLED HYDROMECHANICAL EFFECTS OF CO2 INJECTION SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLUID-FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FRACTURE PERMEABILITY; ROCK; STRESS; DEFORMATION; LAW C1 [Rutqvist, J.; Tsang, C. -F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cftsang@lbl.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 649 EP 679 PG 31 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900051 ER PT S AU Lujan, R Harbour, J Feddema, J Bailey, S Barhen, J Reister, D AF Lujan, R Harbour, J Feddema, J Bailey, S Barhen, J Reister, D BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Mobile robotics activities in DOE laboratories SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE UGV; UAV; autonomy; mobility; HMI; sensors; surveillance; monitoring; security AB This paper will briefly outline major activities in Department of Energy (DOE) Laboratories focused on mobile platforms, both Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV's) as well as Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV's). The activities will be discussed in the context of the science and technology construct used by the DOE Technology Roadmap for Robotics and Intelligent Machines (RIM)(1) published in 1998; namely, Perception, Reasoning, Action, and Integration. The activities to be discussed span from research and development to deployment in field operations. The activities support customers in other agencies. The discussion of "perception" will include hyperspectral sensors, complex patterns discrimination, multisensor fusion and advances in LADAR technologies, including real-world perception. "Reasoning" activities to be covered include cooperative controls, distributed systems, ad-hoc networks, platform-centric intelligence, and adaptable communications. The paper will discuss "action" activities such as advanced mobility and various air and ground platforms. In the RIM construct, "integration" includes the Human-Machine Integration. Accordingly the paper will discuss adjustable autonomy and the collaboration of operator(s) with distributed UGV's and UAV's. Integration also refers to the applications of these technologies into systems to perform operations such as perimeter surveillance, large-area monitoring and reconnaissance. Unique facilities and test beds for advanced mobile systems will be described. Given that this paper is an overview, rather than delve into specific detail in these activities, other more exhaustive references and sources will be cited extensively. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lujan, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 449 EP 459 DI 10.1117/12.604008 PG 11 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500042 ER PT B AU Kramer, WTC AF Kramer, WTC BE Zwieflhofer, W Mozdzynski, G TI Creating science driven system architectures for large scale science SO Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Workshop on the Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, ENGLAND HO European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts AB Application scientists have been frustrated by a trend of stagnating application performance, despite dramatic increases in claimed peak performance of high-performance computing systems. This trend is sometimes referred to as the "divergence problem" and often has been assumed that the ever-increasing gap between theoretical peak and sustained performance was unavoidable. However, recent results from the Earth Simulator (ES) in Japan clearly demonstrate that a close collaboration with a vendor to develop a science-driven architectural solution can produce a system that achieves a significant fraction of peak performance for critical scientific applications. This paper discusses the issues contributing to divergence problem, suggests a new approach to address the problem and documents some early successes for this approach. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kramer, WTC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 50B-4230,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-354-7 PY 2005 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1142/9789812701831_0002 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDP29 UT WOS:000234714600002 ER PT B AU Desai, N Bradshaw, R Matott, S Bittner, S Coghlan, S Evard, R Lueninghoener, C Leggett, T AF Desai, N Bradshaw, R Matott, S Bittner, S Coghlan, S Evard, R Lueninghoener, C Leggett, T GP USENIX Assoc TI A case study in configuration management tool deployment SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH LARGE INSTALLATION SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Large Installation System Administration Conference CY DEC 04-09, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP USENIX Assoc, SAGE AB While configuration management systems are generally regarded as useful, their deployment process is not well understood or documented. In this paper, we present a case study in configuration management tool deployment. We describe the motivating factors and both the technical considerations and the social issues involved in this process. Our discussion includes an analysis of the overall effect on the system management model and the tasks performed by administrators. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-931971-38-2 PY 2005 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDU69 UT WOS:000235495500005 ER PT B AU Jiang, S Ding, XN Chen, F Tan, EH Zhang, XD AF Jiang, S Ding, XN Chen, F Tan, EH Zhang, XD GP USENIX Assoc TI DULO: An effective buffer cache management scheme to exploit both temporal and spatial locality SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH USENIX CONFERENCE ON FILE AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies CY DEC 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP USENIX Assoc AB Sequentiality of requested blocks on disks, or their spatial locality, is critical to the performance of disks, where the throughput of accesses to sequentially placed disk blocks can be an order of magnitude higher than that of accesses to randomly placed blocks. Unfortunately, spatial locality of cached blocks is largely ignored and only temporal locality is considered in system buffer cache management. Thus, disk performance for workloads without dominant sequential accesses can be seriously degraded. To address this problem, we propose a scheme called DULO (DUal LOcality), which exploits both temporal and spatial locality in buffer cache management. Leveraging the filtering effect of the buffer cache, DULO can influence the I/O request stream by making the requests passed to disk more sequential, significantly increasing the effectiveness of I/O scheduling and prefetching for disk performance improvements. DULO has been extensively evaluated by both tracedriven simulations and a prototype implementation in Linux 2.6.11. In the simulations and system measurements, various application workloads have been tested, including Web Server, TPC benchmarks, and scientific programs. Our experiments show that DULO can significantly increase system throughput and reduce program execution times. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Performance & Architecture Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Performance & Architecture Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sjiang@lanl.gov; dingxn@cse.ohio-state.edu; fchen@cse.ohio-state.edu; elan@cse.ohio-state.edu; zhang@cse.ohio-state.edu RI Ding, Xiaoning/C-9933-2014 OI Ding, Xiaoning/0000-0002-9947-0437 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-931971-39-0 PY 2005 BP 101 EP 114 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BEC71 UT WOS:000236812200008 ER PT B AU Durgin, N Mai, YQ Van Randwyk, J AF Durgin, N Mai, YQ Van Randwyk, J GP USENIX TI NetState : A network version tracking system SO USENIX Association Proceedings of the FREENIX/Open Source Track LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 USENIX Annual Technical Conference CY APR 10-15, 2005 CL Anaheim, CA SP USENIX Assoc AB Network administrators and security analysts often do not know what network services are being run in every corner of their networks. If they do have a vague grasp of the services running on their networks, they often do not know what specific versions of those services are running. Actively scanning for services and versions does not always yield complete results, and patch and service management, therefore, suffer. We present Net-State, a system for monitoring, storing, and reporting application and operating system version information for a network. NetState gives security and network administrators the ability to know what is running on their networks while allowing for user-managed machines and complex host configurations. Our architecture uses distributed modules to collect network information and a centralized server that stores and issues reports on that collected version information. We discuss some of the challenges to building and operating NetState as well as the legal issues surrounding the promiscuous capture of network data. We conclude that this tool can solve some key problems in network management and has a wide range of possibilities for future uses. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Durgin, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-931971-28-5 PY 2005 BP 119 EP 127 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCI78 UT WOS:000229608900012 ER PT B AU Lo, LT Watson, GR Minnich, RG AF Lo, LT Watson, GR Minnich, RG GP USENIX TI FreeVGA: Architecture independent video graphics initialization for LinuxBIOS SO USENIX Association Proceedings of the FREENIX/Open Source Track LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 USENIX Annual Technical Conference CY APR 10-15, 2005 CL Anaheim, CA SP USENIX Assoc AB LinuxBIOS is fast becoming a widely accepted alternative to the traditional PC BIOS for cluster computing applications. However, in the process it is gaining attention from developers of Internet appliance, desktop and visualization applications, who also wish to take advantage of the features provided by LinuxBIOS, such as minimizing user interaction, increasing system reliability, and faster boot times. Unlike cluster computing, these applications tend to rely heavily on graphical user interfaces, so it is important that the VGA hardware is correctly initialized early in the boot process in additional to the hardware initialization currently performed by LinuxBIOS. Unfortunately, the open-source nature of LinuxBIOS means that many graphic card vendors are reluctant to expose code relating to the initialization of their hardware in the fear that this might allow competitors access to proprietary chipset information. As a consequence, in many cases the only way to initialize the VGA hardware is to use the vendor provided, proprietary, VGA BIOS. To achieve this it is necessary to provide a compatibility layer that operates between the VGA BIOS and LinuxBIOS in order to simulate the environment that the VGA BIOS assumes is available. In this paper we present our preliminary results on FreeVGA, an x86 emulator based on x86emu that can be used as such a compatibility layer. We will show how we have successfully used FreeVGA to initialize VGA cards from both ATI and Nvidia on a Tyan S2885 platform. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lo, LT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-931971-28-5 PY 2005 BP 141 EP 149 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCI78 UT WOS:000229608900014 ER PT B AU Jiang, S Chen, F Zhang, XD AF Jiang, S Chen, F Zhang, XD GP USENIX ASSOC TI CLOCK-Pro: An effective improvement of the CLOCK replacement SO USENIX Association Proceedings of the General Track: 2005 UNENIX Annual Technical Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 USENIX Annual Technical Conference CY APR 10-15, 2005 CL Anaheim, CA SP USENIX Assoc AB With the ever-growing performance gap between memory systems and disks, and rapidly improving CPU performance, virtual memory (VM) management becomes increasingly important for overall system performance. However, one of its critical components, the page replacement policy, is still dominated by CLOCK, a replacement policy developed almost 40 years ago. While pure LRU has an unaffordable cost in VM, CLOCK simulates the LRU replacement algorithm with a low cost acceptable in VM management. Over the last three decades, the inability of LRU as well as CLOCK to handle weak locality accesses has become increasingly serious, and an effective fix becomes increasingly desirable. Inspired by our I/O buffer cache replacement algorithm, LIRS [13], we propose an improved CLOCK replacement policy, called CLOCK-Pro. By additionally keeping track of a limited number of replaced pages, CLOCK-Pro works in a similar fashion as CLOCK with a VM-affordable cost. Furthermore, it brings all the much-needed performance advantages from LIRS into CLOCK. Measurements from an implementation of CLOCK-Pro in Linux Kernel 2.4.21 show that the execution times of some commonly used programs can be reduced by up to 47%. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Performance & Architecture Lab, CCS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jiang, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Performance & Architecture Lab, CCS Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-931971-27-7 PY 2005 BP 323 EP 336 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCK37 UT WOS:000229734000023 ER PT S AU Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM Mar, A AF Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM Mar, A BE Lei, C Choquette, KD TI Electrically-pumped 850-nm micromirror VECSELs SO Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers IX CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser; VECSEL; semiconductor laser; surface-emitting laser; electrical pumping; external cavity; micromirror ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASER; HIGH-POWER; 980 NM; DIODE; GAAS AB Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) combine high optical power and good beam quality in a device with surface-normal output. In this paper, we describe the design and operating characteristics of an electrically-pumped VECSEL that employs a wafer-scale fabrication process and operates at 850 nm. A curved micromirror output coupler is heterogeneously integrated with AlGaAs-based semiconductor material to form a compact and robust device. The structure relies on flip-chip bonding the processed epitaxial material to an aluminum nitride mount; this heatsink both dissipates thermal energy and permits high frequency modulation using coplanar traces that lead to the VECSEL mesa. Backside emission is employed, and laser operation at 850 nm is made possible by removing the entire GaAs substrate through selective wet etching. While substrate removal eliminates absorptive losses, it simultaneously compromises laser performance by increasing series resistance and degrading the spatial uniformity of current injection. Several aspects of the VECSEL design help to mitigate these issues, including the use of a novel current-spreading n-type distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). Additionally, VECSEL performance is improved through the use of a p-type DBR that is modified for low thermal resistance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keeler, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5711-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5737 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.591186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCE17 UT WOS:000228822800008 ER PT S AU Zhu, MX Wu, QS Rao, NSV Yengar, S AF Zhu, MX Wu, QS Rao, NSV Yengar, S BE Erbacher, RF Roberts, JC Grohn, MT Borner, K TI On optimal mapping of visualization pipeline onto linear arrangement of network nodes SO Visualization and Data Analysis 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2005 CY JAN 17-18, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE remote visualization; visualization pipeline; bandwidth measurement; network mapping AB This paper discusses algorithmic and implementation aspects of optimally mapping a visualization pipeline onto a linear arrangement of wide-area network nodes to minimize the total delay. The first network node typically is a data source, the last node could be a display device ranging from a personal computer to a powerwall, and each intermediate node could be a workstation or computational cluster. This mapping scheme appropriately distributes the filtering, geometry generation, rendering, and display modules of the visualization pipeline onto the linear arrangement of network nodes to make an efficient use of the computing resources at end nodes and network bandwidths between them. Regression-based network daemons are developed to measure the available bandwidth between the network nodes. We present an analytical formulation of this problem by taking into account the computational power of nodes, bandwidths between them, and sizes of messages exchanged between visualization modules. We propose a polynomial-time optimal algorithm that uses the dynamic programming method to compute the mapping with a minimum total delay. An OpenGL-based remote visualization system is implemented and deployed at three geographically distributed nodes for preliminary experiments. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Zhu, MX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5642-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5669 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.587964 PG 11 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCC94 UT WOS:000228667300001 ER PT S AU Henriksen, G Dees, D Duong, T Howell, D AF Henriksen, G Dees, D Duong, T Howell, D GP IEEE TI An overview of DOE's advanced technology development program SO VTC2005-FALL: 2005 IEEE 62ND VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE ID LITHIUM-ION CELLS; HIGH-POWER; LINI0.8CO0.15AL0.05O2 CATHODES; IMPEDANCE RISE; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES; CAPACITY AB Through its FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office, the U.S. Department of Energy is conducting a R&D program at its national laboratories to support the commercial development of high-power lithium ion (Li-Ion) batteries for hybrid electric vehicle applications. It focuses on understanding the factors that limit the calendar life, abuse tolerance, and low-temperature performance of high-power Li-Ion cells and seeks to assist Li-Ion battery industrial developers by improving the performance of Li-Ion cells in these three areas, through the identification and development of lower-cost and more stable cell materials and components. This paper provides a brief summary of the organization, activities, and status of this R&D program. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Henriksen, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-9152-7 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2005 BP 2352 EP 2356 PG 5 WC Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Telecommunications; Transportation GA BDR29 UT WOS:000235046903055 ER PT S AU McBreen, J Lee, HS Yoon, WS Chung, KY AF McBreen, J Lee, HS Yoon, WS Chung, KY GP IEEE TI Nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries for HEV applications: Performance, limitations and recommendations for improvement SO VTC2005-FALL: 2005 IEEE 62ND VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLING STABILITY; HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FORMING COMPOUNDS; ELECTRODES; CORROSION; DIFFRACTION; HYDROXIDE; COBALT; CELLS AB Nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries are the two contenders for hybrid electric vehicle HEV applications. Early entrants such as the Honda Insight and the Toyota Prius use nickel-metal hydride batteries. Lithium-ion batteries with either modified LiNiO(2) or LiMn(2)O(4) spinel cathodes are being considered for the next generation HEV. The main advantage of metal hydride batteries is that there is a built in electrochemical mechanism for balancing cells in series and accommodating overcharge. Other advantages are safety and ease of scale-up to large sizes. The major drawback is limited cycle life due to pulverization and corrosion of the metal hydride electrodes. Lithium-ion batteries with the required power for HEV can be designed and built However, the batteries loose power capability, particularly when cycled or stored at elevated temperatures. This appears to be mostly due to the buildup of electrolyte decomposition products on the surface of the cathodes. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McBreen, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-9152-7 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2005 BP 2357 EP 2361 PG 5 WC Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Telecommunications; Transportation GA BDR29 UT WOS:000235046903056 ER PT S AU Roth, EP Doughty, DH AF Roth, EP Doughty, DH GP IEEE TI Development and characterization of Li-ion batteries for the FreedomCAR Advanced Technology Development program SO VTC2005-FALL: 2005 IEEE 62ND VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE DE Li-ion; abuse tolerance; hybrid vehicles; safety ID THERMAL-STABILITY; CELLS AB High-power 18650 Li-ion cells have been developed for hybrid electric vehicle applications as part of the DOE FreedomCAR Advanced Technologv Development (ATD) program. Cells have been developed for high-power, long-life, low-cost and abuse tolerance conditions. The thermal abuse response of advanced materials and cells were measured and compared. Cells were constructed for determination of abuse tolerance to determine the thermal runaway response and flammability of evolved gas products during venting. Advanced cathode and anode materials were evaluated for improved tolerance under abusive conditions. Calorimetric methods were used to measure the thermal response and properties of the cells and cell materials up to 450 degrees C. Improvements in thermal runaway response have been shown using combinations of these materials. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery Res & Dev Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roth, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery Res & Dev Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eproth@sandia.gov; dhlough@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-9152-7 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2005 BP 2362 EP 2366 PG 5 WC Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Telecommunications; Transportation GA BDR29 UT WOS:000235046903057 ER PT J AU Majors, PD McLean, JS Fredrickson, JK Wind, RA AF Majors, PD McLean, JS Fredrickson, JK Wind, RA TI HMR methods for in-situ biofilm metabolism studies: spatial and temporal resolved measurements SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IWA International Conference on Biofilm Structure and Activity CY OCT 24-26, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IWA DE biofilm; confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy; metabolite profile; multimodal imaging; nuclear magnetic resonance; Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MICROSCOPY; TRANSPORT AB We are developing novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy, spectroscopy and combined NMR/optical techniques for the study of biofilms under known, controlled growth conditions. Objectives include: time and depth-resolved metabolite concentrations with isotropic spatial resolution on the order of 10 microns, metabolic pathways and flux rates, mass transport and ultimately their correlation with gene expression by optical microscopy in biofilms. We describe the implementation of ex-situ grown biofilms to improve growth environment control and NMR analysis. In-situ NMR depth resolved metabolite profiling techniques are introduced and demonstrated for a Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 biofilm. Finally, initial combined confocal fluorescence and magnetic resonance images are shown for a GFP-labeled Shewanella biofilm. These methods are equally applicable to other biofilm systems of interest; thus they may provide a significant contribution toward the understanding of adherent cell metabolism. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Majors, PD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN,K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM paul.majors@pnl.gov; jeff.mclean@pnl.gov; jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov; robert.wind@pnl.gov RI McLean, Jeffrey/A-8014-2012 OI McLean, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9934-5137 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 7 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 987ZU UT WOS:000233557400003 ER PT J AU Marsili, E Beyenal, H Di Palma, L Merli, C Dohnalkova, A Amonette, JE Lewandowski, Z AF Marsili, E Beyenal, H Di Palma, L Merli, C Dohnalkova, A Amonette, JE Lewandowski, Z TI Uranium removal by sulfate reducing biofilms in the presence of carbonates SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IWA International Conference on Biofilm Structure and Activity CY OCT 24-26, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IWA DE biofilm; D. desulfuricans; uranium immobilization; uranium reduction ID REDUCTION; BIOREMEDIATION; ACCUMULATION; U(VI) AB Hexavalent uranium [U(VI)] was immobilized in biofilms composed of the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20. The biofilms were grown in two flat-plate, continuous-flow reactors using lactate as the electron donor and sulfate as the electron acceptor. The growth medium contained uranium U(VI) and the pH was maintained constant using bicarbonate buffer. The reactors were operated for 5 months, and during that time biofilm activity and uranium removal were evaluated. The efficiency of uranium removal strongly depended on the concentration of uranium in the influent, and was estimated to be 30.4% in the reactor supplied with 3 mg/L of U(VI) and 73.9% in the reactor supplied with 30 mg/L of U(VI). TEM and SAED analysis showed that uranium in both reactors accumulated mostly on microbial cell membranes and in the periplasmic space. The deposits had amorphous or poor nanocrystalline structures. C1 Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem Engn, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Marsili, E (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM emarsili@erc.montana.edu; beyenal@erc.montana.edu; luca.di.palma@ingchim.ing.uniroma1.it; carlo.merli@ingchim.ing.uniroma1.it; alice.dohnalkova@pnl.gov; jim.amonette@pnl.gov; zl@erc.montana.edu RI Marsili, Enrico/A-8652-2008; Di Palma, Luca/F-1183-2011 OI Marsili, Enrico/0000-0003-3150-1564; Di Palma, Luca/0000-0003-4838-7227 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 7 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 987ZU UT WOS:000233557400009 ER PT J AU Rawers, JC AF Rawers, JC TI Wear testing of high Fe-N-C steels SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Erosive and Abrasive Wear (ICEAW 2) CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL Churchill Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Taiho Kogyo Tribol Res Fdn Japan, Tribol Grp Inst Phys HO Churchill Coll DE nitrogen; carbon; steel; abrasion; pin-on-drum; pin-on-disk ID NITROGEN AB A series of iron alloys consisting of iron, nitrogen and carbon has been produced, characterized, and evaluated for mechanical and wear properties. The Fe-C-N alloys have no carbide or nitride precipitates and have a duplex phase fcc-bct microstructure. The high 0.9 wt.% carbon + (0.4-0.9 wt.%) nitrogen interstitial concentrations produced significantly higher strength, higher hardness and much improved abrasive wear (scratch, pin-on-drum, pin-on-disk) resistance over that of the starting bcc phase iron alloy with 0.9 wt.% carbon and carbide precipitates. Results from compression, indent hardness, and scratch wear tests were analyzed using similar data reduction. This new data analysis technique resulted in an improved and coherent understanding of abrasive scratch wear process, which was directly related to the alloy's mechanical properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Rawers, JC (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM rawers@alrc.doe.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JAN PY 2005 VL 258 IS 1-4 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2004.04.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 881TG UT WOS:000225891700007 ER PT J AU Sutherland, HJ Mandell, JF AF Sutherland, HJ Mandell, JF TI The effect of mean stress on damage predictions for spectral loading of fibreglass composite coupons SO WIND ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science of Making Torque from Wind CY APR 19-21, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS HO Delft Univ Technol DE wind; blades; fatigue; spectral; fibreglass ID LIFE PREDICTION; FATIGUE; MODEL AB In many analyses of wind turbine blades the effects of mean stress on the determination of damage in composite blades are either ignored completely or characterized inadequately. Mandell et al. have recently presented an updated Goodman diagram for a fibreglass material that is typical of the materials used in wind turbine blades. Their formulation uses the MSU/DOE fatigue database to develop a Goodman diagram with detailed information at 13 R-values. Using these data, linear, bilinear and full Goodman diagrams are constructed using mean and '95/95' fits to the data. The various Goodman diagrams are used to predict the failure stress for coupons tested using the WISPERX spectrum. Three models are used in the analyses. The first is the linear Miner's rule commonly used by the wind industry to predict failure (service lifetimes). The second is a non-linear variation of Miner's rule which computes a non-linear Miner's residual strength based upon an exponential degradation parameter. The third is a generalized non-linear residual strength model that also relies on an exponential degradation parameter. The results illustrate that Miner's rule does not predict failure very well. When the mean full Goodman diagram is used, the non-linear models predict failures near the mean of the experimental data, and when the 95/95 Goodman diagram is used, they predict the lower bound of the measured data very well. (C) Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sutherland, HJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hjsuthe@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1095-4244 J9 WIND ENERGY JI Wind Energy PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1 BP 93 EP 108 DI 10.1002/we.125 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 885IA UT WOS:000226149100008 ER PT J AU Lundsager, P Baring-Gould, EI AF Lundsager, Per Baring-Gould, E. Ian BE Ackermann, T TI Isolated Systems with Wind Power SO WIND POWER IN POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Baring-Gould, E. Ian] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM per.lundsager@risoe.dk; ian_baring_gould@nrel.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-01268-0 PY 2005 BP 299 EP 329 DI 10.1002/0470012684.ch14 D2 10.1002/0470012684 PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BZO08 UT WOS:000302180000014 ER PT B AU Eisenhawer, SW Key, BP AF Eisenhawer, Stephen W. Key, Brian P. BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Horimoto, K TI Using approximate reasoning to understand complex quantitative models SO WMSCI 2005: 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Vol 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE approximate reasoning; inferential model; network models; fuzzy sets; linguistic variables AB Complex quantitative models can be difficult to understand. One approach to making the performance of such models accessible to a wider audience is to construct an approximate reasoning (AR) model. The AR model emulates the knowledge of subject-matter experts who are familiar with the quantitative model. We construct an AR model to describe a network model for a multilayer security system. The risk reduction performance of the example system as a function of presented threats, architectural options, and the effect of bypasses around certain system features is considered. We compare the conclusions reached with the AR model to the detailed numerical results. The comparison shows that the AR model can explain the quantitative model and provides a valuable tool to researchers and decision makers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eisenhawer, SW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-60-4 PY 2005 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BFQ01 UT WOS:000243687600012 ER PT J AU Kelley, SS Elder, T Groom, LH AF Kelley, SS Elder, T Groom, LH TI Changes in the chemical composition and spectroscopy of loblolly pine medium density fiberboard furnish as a function of age and refining pressure SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE medium density fiberboard; (MDF); near infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; partial least squares ID EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; WOOD PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; PULP; FIBERS; CRYSTALLINITY; CELLULOSE; NITENS AB Loblolly pine wood between the ages of 5-35 was refined into medium density fiberboard furnish at steam pressures from 2 to 18 bar. The effect of age and processing conditions on the properties of the fibers was assessed by wet chemical analyses, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). In general, the percentages of extractives and glucose increased, while the xylose. galactose. and mannose decreased with increasing refining pressure. There were no consistent changes in chemical composition of the refined fibers as a function of the age of the wood. The crystallinity of the refined fibers increased with both age and refining pressure. The spectroscopic and XRD data were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, indicating a strong relationship between the spectral patterns and refining pressure. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioengn Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioengn Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 887XV UT WOS:000226339700003 ER PT S AU Beiersdorfer, P AF Beiersdorfer, P BE Smith, RK TI Laboratory Studies of the Fe K-shell Emission SO X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas - Theory, Experiment, and Observation CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; CHARGED HELIUM-LIKE; BEAM ION-TRAP; LINE IDENTIFICATION; RESONANCE LINE; RAY; ASTROPHYSICS; TRANSITIONS; PLASMAS; IRON AB An overview is given of measurements of the Fe K-shell spectrum from low-density laboratory sources. The measurements include wavelengths, electron-impact collision cross sections, innershell ionization phenomena, dielectronic recombination resonance strengths, charge exchange recombination, electron beam polarization effects, resonance excitation, and radiative cascade contributions. K-shell spectra have now also been obtained with microcalorimeters, including microcalorimeter arrays that are twins of the ASTRO-E and ASTRO-E2 missions, which illustrate typical resolving powers and spectral capabilities. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0259-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 774 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCS46 UT WOS:000231041800009 ER PT S AU Liedahl, DA AF Liedahl, DA BE Smith, RK TI Resonant auger destruction and iron K alpha spectra in compact X-ray sources SO X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas - Theory, Experiment, and Observation CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA DE X-ray spectroscopy; accretion disks; stellar winds ID REFLECTION; IONIZATION; EMISSION; PLASMA AB We examine the effects of resonant Auger destruction in modifying the intensities and flux distributions of K alpha spectra from iron L-shell ions. Applications include X-ray irradiated stellar winds in X-ray binaries and accretion disk atmospheres. Using detailed atomic models, we find that resonant Auger destruction is selective, in that only a subset of the emitted Ka lines is highly attenuated. We also show that that the local excitation conditions can have a dramatic effect on the Ka emissivity spectrum. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, 7000 East Ave,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0259-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 774 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCS46 UT WOS:000231041800011 ER PT S AU Brown, GV Beiersdorfer, P Chen, H Scofield, JH Boyce, KR Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Brickhouse, NS Gu, MF Kahn, SM Szymkowiak, AE AF Brown, GV Beiersdorfer, P Chen, H Scofield, JH Boyce, KR Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Brickhouse, NS Gu, MF Kahn, SM Szymkowiak, AE BE Smith, RK TI Laboratory studies of X-ray emission from Fe L-shell transitions and their diagnostic utility SO X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas - Theory, Experiment, and Observation CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA ID RELATIVE INTENSITY; LINE EMISSION; ACTIVE-REGION; XMM-NEWTON; SOLAR; SPECTRUM; XVII; SPECTROMETER; DENSITY; CAPELLA AB Celestial objects are often home to complex, dynamic, intriguing environments. High-resolution x-ray spectra from these sources measured by satellites such as the Chandra, XMMNewton, the Solar Maximum Mission, and the soon-to-be-launched Astrv-E2 provide a means for understanding the physics governing these sources. Especially rich is the x-ray emission from L-shell transitions in highly charged iron ions. This emission is the source of a variety of diagnostics whose utility lies in the accuracy of the atomic data employed to model the x-ray spectra. The atomic data used to describe these diagnostics are generally provided by large theoretical calculations and benchmarked by laboratory data. In this paper we discuss laboratory measurements of Fe L-shell x-ray emission including wavelengths, relative and absolute excitation cross sections, and line ratios.that provide diagnostics of temperature and density. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0259-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 774 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCS46 UT WOS:000231041800012 ER PT S AU Beiersdorfer, P Bitter, M von Goeler, S Hill, KW AF Beiersdorfer, P Bitter, M von Goeler, S Hill, KW BE Smith, RK TI Fe XVII emission from hot, collisional plasmas SO X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas - Theory, Experiment, and Observation CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; XMM-NEWTON; SOLAR CORONA; CHANDRA; SPECTRUM; CAPELLA; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS AB The ratios of the Fe XVII 3s -> 2p transitions to that of the dominant 3d -> 2p transition measured in high-temperature tokamak plasmas are compared to solar and astrophysical observations. Good agreement is found, demonstrating that the collisional line formation processes active in opacityfree, low-density, high-temperature laboratory plasmas are a good description of those found in astrophysical plasmas. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0259-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 774 BP 129 EP 131 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCS46 UT WOS:000231041800014 ER PT S AU Mauche, CW Liedahl, DA Fournier, KB AF Mauche, CW Liedahl, DA Fournier, KB BE Smith, RK TI Fe L-shell density diagnostics in theory and practice SO X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas - Theory, Experiment, and Observation CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA DE atomic processes; binaries : close; stars : individual (EX Hydrae); stars : magnetic fields; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; EX-HYDRAE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; LINE RATIOS; GRATING SPECTROMETER; SOLAR-FLARES; WHITE-DWARF; ATOMIC DATA; CHANDRA AB We provide a discussion of the density and photoexcitation sensitivity of the X-ray spectra of Fe L-shell ions (Fe XVII-Fe XXIV) calculated with the Livermore X-ray Spectral Synthesizer, a suite of IDL codes that calculates spectral models of highly charged ions based primarily on HULLAC atomic data. These models are applicable to collisionally ionized laboratory or cosmic plasmas with electron temperatures T-e approximate to 2-45 MK (0.2-4 keV) and electron densities n(e) greater than or similar to 10(11) cm(-3). Potentially useful density diagnostics are identified for Fe XVII and Fe XIX-Fe XXIII, with the most straightforward being the Fe XVII I(17.10 angstrom)/1(17.05 angstrom) line ratio and the Fe XXII I(11.92 angstrom)/I(11.77 angstrom) line ratio. Applying these models to the Chandra X-ray Observatory High Energy Transmission Grating spectrum of the intermediate polar EX Hya, we find that the strength of all the Fe L-shell lines are consistent with electron densities n(e) greater than or similar to 1 X 10(14) cm(-3). Specifically, from the observed Fe XVII I(17.10 angstrom)/I(17.05 angstrom) line ratio, we infer an electron density n(e) greater than or similar to 2 x 10(14) cm(-3) at the 3 sigma level, while from the observed Fe XXII I(11.92 angstrom)/I(1.77 angstrom) line ratio, we infer n(e) = 1.0(-0.5)(+2.0) x 10(14) cm(-3) at the 1 sigma level and n(e) greater than or similar to 2 x 10(13) cm(-3) at the 3 sigma level. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-473,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0259-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 774 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCS46 UT WOS:000231041800015 ER PT J AU Fujdala, KL Tilley, TD AF Fujdala, KL Tilley, TD TI Synthesis and characterization of Et2NM{OB[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](2)}(3) (M = Zr, Hf) molecular precursors to Zr/B/Si/O and Hf/B/Si/O materials SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE zirconium; hafnium; oxide materials; siloxide; borosiloxide; precursor ID SINGLE-SOURCE PRECURSORS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; METAL ALKOXIDES; DI(TERT-BUTYL)PHOSPHATE COMPLEXES; TRIS(TERT-BUTOXY)SILOXY COMPLEXES; SILICA MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; OXIDE; TITANIUM; TRANSFORMATION AB Two new transition metal complexes containing the -OB[OSi(O'Bu)(3)](2) ligand, Et2NM{OB[OSi(O'Bu)(3)](2)}(2) (M = Zr, Hf), are reported. These species are the 4(th) and 5(th) examples of complexes containing this recently reported borosiloxide ligand. Their use as potential molecular precursors to multi-component oxide materials via the thermolytic molecular precursor (TMP) method is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@berkeley.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PY 2005 VL 631 IS 13-14 BP 2619 EP 2622 DI 10.1002/zaac.200500128 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 982ZF UT WOS:000233200200016 ER PT J AU Wang, YZ Bhandari, S Mitra, A Parkin, S Moore, J Atwood, DA AF Wang, YZ Bhandari, S Mitra, A Parkin, S Moore, J Atwood, DA TI Ambient-condition nano-alumina formation through molecular control SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE alkoxide; aluminum; alumina; Mitsubishi structure; tetrametallic ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AL2O3 THIN-FILMS; ORGANIC-REACTIONS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE; PRESSURE; TRANSFORMATION; COMPLEXES; BOEHMITE; SURFACES AB When toluene solutions of the tetrametallic compound, [Al{mu-OEt)(2)AlMe2}(3)] (1), are stirred in air at room temperature, pure amorphous nanoparticulate Al2O3 precipitates. The average particle size is 17.7 +/- 7.4 nm. The tetrametallic core of 1, having the correct stoichiometry for alumina (2Al(2)O(3)) appears to act as a template or nucleating site for the formation of alumina rather than the expected products of formula, AlOOH. The stability of the Al4O6 core of I was tested by combining it with six equivalents of Ph3SiOH. This resulted in [Al{mu-OEt)(2)Al(OSiPh3)(2)}(3)](2). Upon exposure to air, compound 2 formed the hydroxide derivative [Al{mu-OH)(2)Al(OSiPh3)(2)}(3)] (3). This demonstrates that the tetrametallic core of I is stable to both peripheral derivatization as well as alcoholysis of the internal bridging groups. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Atwood, DA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM datwood@uky.edu RI Parkin, Sean/E-7044-2011; Wang, Yuzhong/G-8842-2012 OI Wang, Yuzhong/0000-0003-3557-5085 NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PY 2005 VL 631 IS 13-14 BP 2937 EP 2941 DI 10.1002/zaac.200500131 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 982ZF UT WOS:000233200200067 ER PT J AU Savrasov, SY Toropova, A Katsnelson, MI Lichtenstein, AI Antropov, V Kotliar, G AF Savrasov, SY Toropova, A Katsnelson, MI Lichtenstein, AI Antropov, V Kotliar, G TI Electronic structure and magnetic properties of solids SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Review DE magnetism; electronic structure; spin waves; spin susceptibility; strong correlations; computational crystallography ID LOCAL-BAND THEORY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY ENERGY; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; LINEAR-RESPONSE CALCULATIONS; ITINERANT FERROMAGNETISM; SPIN SUSCEPTIBILITY; DELTA-PU; CORRELATED SYSTEMS AB We review basic computational techniques for simulations of various magnetic properties of solids. Several applications to compute magnetic anisotropy energy, spin wave spectra, magnetic susceptibilities and temperature dependent magnetisations for a number of real systems are presented for illustrative purposes. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Mat Theory, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Nijmegen, Dept Phys, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Hamburg, Dept Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Ames Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM serguei.savrassov@njit.edu RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; Savrasov, Sergey/M-7157-2015; Lichtenstein, Alexander/K-8730-2012 OI Lichtenstein, Alexander/0000-0003-0152-7122 NR 139 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2005 VL 220 IS 5-6 BP 473 EP 488 DI 10.1524/zkri.220.5.473.65072 PG 16 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 935KC UT WOS:000229779300004 ER PT J AU Miller, CE Majewski, J Gog, T Kuhl, TL AF Miller, CE Majewski, J Gog, T Kuhl, TL TI Grazing incidence diffraction of cadmium arachidate multilayers at the solid-liquid interface SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE grazing incidence diffraction; X-ray reflectivity; thin organic films; solid-liquid interface; multilayers; cadmium arachidate ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MONOLAYERS; SCATTERING; MEMBRANES; SCIENCE AB Using complementary X-ray reflectivity (XR) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), we report structural studies of supported thin-organic layers in contact with water and air. Using a monochromatic synchrotron beam to penetrate 10 mm of liquid, we have characterized buried films composed of 12.5 repeating bilayers of arachidic acid (C20H40O2) complexed with cadmium ions (cadmium arachidate, CdAr2). We found that the layered structure of the CdAr2 multilayers do not exhibit rearrangement after exposure to water with negligible water penetration into the inner layers when compared to their dry state. These findings are consistent with the formation of extremely robust CdAr2 multilayers that can withstand multiple rinses in strong organic solvents, acid, and mechanical wear. The second goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of similar experiments to study much thinner single bilayer bio-membranes. These studies are the first successful GIXD experiments of ultra thin-organic film composed of a few layers at the solid-liquid interface. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kuhl, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tlkuhl@ucdavis.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2005 VL 220 IS 12 BP 987 EP 992 DI 10.1524/zkri.2005.220.12.987 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 985KE UT WOS:000233375500001 ER PT J AU Proffen, T Page, KL McLain, SE Clausen, B Darling, TW TenCate, JA Lee, SY Ustundag, E AF Proffen, T Page, KL McLain, SE Clausen, B Darling, TW TenCate, JA Lee, SY Ustundag, E TI Atomic pair distribution function analysis of materials containing crystalline and amorphous phases SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE pair distribution function; disorder; neutron scattering; powder diffraction; bulk metallic glass; quartz ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; TUNGSTEN; SANDSTONE; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB The atomic pair distribution function (PDF) approach has been used to study the local structure of liquids, glasses and disordered crystalline materials. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of the PDF method to investigate systems containing a crystalline and an amorphous structural phase. We present two examples: Bulk metallic glass with crystalline reinforcements and Fontainebleau sandstone, where an unexpected glassy phase was discovered. In this paper we also discuss the refinement methods used in detail. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tproffen@lanl.gov RI Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; McLain, Sylvia/0000-0002-3347-7759 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 27 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2005 VL 220 IS 12 BP 1002 EP 1008 DI 10.1524/zkri.2005.220.12.1002 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 985KE UT WOS:000233375500004 ER PT J AU Welberry, TR Goossens, DJ Heerdegen, AP Lee, PL AF Welberry, TR Goossens, DJ Heerdegen, AP Lee, PL TI Problems in measuring diffuse X-ray scattering SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE diffuse scattering measurement; diffraction artefacts; 'blooming'; X-ray diffraction ID POSITION-SENSITIVE DETECTOR; DIFFRACTION DATA; SYNCHROTRON AB Problems encountered in making measurements of diffuse X-ray scattering are discussed. These generally arise from the need to measure very weak scattering in the presence of very strong scattering (Bragg peaks) using multi-detectors of various kinds. The problems are not confined to synchrotron experiments but may even occur using a tube source in the home laboratory. Specific details are given of experiments using 80.725 keV X-rays and a mar345 Image Plate detector on the I-ID beamline of XOR at the Advanced Photon Source. In these a severe 'blooming' artefact which occurred around some strong Bragg peaks was traced to fluorescence from a steel mounting plate in the detector when strong Bragg peaks were incident. Algorithms developed to remove these artefacts from the data are described. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. RP Welberry, TR (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM welberry@rsc.anu.edu.au RI Welberry, Thomas/H-7847-2014; OI Welberry, Thomas/0000-0002-6906-9191; Goossens, Darren/0000-0003-0776-2692 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2005 VL 220 IS 12 BP 1052 EP 1058 DI 10.1524/zkri.2005.220.12.1052 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 985KE UT WOS:000233375500010 ER PT J AU Ice, GE Barabash, RI Liu, WJ AF Ice, GE Barabash, RI Liu, WJ TI Diffuse X-ray scattering from tiny sample volumes SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE diffuse scattering; small volumes; precipitates; microprobe; defects; X-ray diffraction ID STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL MICROSCOPE; NI-AL; DIFFRACTION; MICROBEAMS; MIRRORS; ALLOYS AB The emergence of intense synchrotron X-ray sources, efficient focusing optics and high-performance Xray sensitive area detectors allows for measurements of diffuse scattering from cubic micron-scale sample volumes. Here we present an experiment that illustrates methods for studying the local structure and defect content of tiny sample volumes. In the experiment, an X-ray microbeam illuminating about similar to 5 mu m(3) of a Ni-based super-alloy single crystal, is used to collect Laue patterns and reciprocal space volume maps around fundamental and a superstructure reflections. This measurement illustrates how diffuse reciprocal-space distributions can be collected with good spatial and momentum-transfer resolution from a tiny real-space sample volume. This example demonstrates that emerging diffuse scattering techniques can provide fundamentally new information about crystallographic organization and defect content over many length scales. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM icege@ornl.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2005 VL 220 IS 12 BP 1076 EP 1081 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 985KE UT WOS:000233375500013 ER PT J AU Hack, W Masten, DA Buelow, SJ AF Hack, W Masten, DA Buelow, SJ TI Methanol and ethanol decomposition in supercritical water SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supercritical water; methanol decomposition; ethanol decomposition; kinetics; chemical waste ID HIGH-PRESSURES; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; MECHANISM AB The decomposition of CH,OH and C2H5OH in supercritical water was studied in a flow reactor tube (Ni/Mo/Cr/Fe alloy) in the temperature range 597 <= T/K <= 797 at a pressure of p = 315 bar for technical application of scH(2)O for hazardous chemical waste destruction. The CH3OH and C2H5OH concentrations in the liquid as a function of the residence times were determined by a Raman spectrometer. The [CH3OH] and [C2H5OH] resp. decay followed first order kinetics and a rate constant k(1) (653 K) = 1.3 x 10(-2) s(-1) for CH3OH and k(2)(653 K) = 5.5 x 10(-2) s(-1) for C2H5OH was determined. The rate constant k(1) was found to be independent of the initial CH3OH concentration in the mass fraction range 0.002 <= x(m) <= 0.04. The rate depended on the history of the reactor. Treatment with NH4OH, C2H5OH or with H2O2 at T = 653 K, did not change the rate. Treatment with HNO3/H2O2, however, at T = 838 K reduced the rate by about a factor of 1000. The Arrhenius-activation energy over the above temperature range was determined to be E-A = 164 kJ/mol for methanol and E-A = 145 kJ/mol for ethanol. The major products from methanol decomposition were CH4, H-2, and CO2 as observed by gas chromatography and CH4 and CO2 by FTIR-spectrometry. No other products were found. The products were not effected by the pretreatment of the reactor wall. A non-radical mechanism, which explains the formation of only these products, will be discussed. C1 Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photochem & Photophys Grp, CST 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hack, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, Fassberg 11, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM whack@gwdg.de NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 219 IS 3 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1524/zpch.219.3.367.59179 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 910SH UT WOS:000227952000007 ER PT J AU Driscoll, JJ Sick, V Farrow, RL Schrader, PE Rizos, KA Lindstedt, RP AF Driscoll, JJ Sick, V Farrow, RL Schrader, PE Rizos, KA Lindstedt, RP TI NO reburn and formation chemistry in methane diffusion flames SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide formation; picosecond laser spectroscopy; laser-induced fluorescence; nitric oxide reburn; diffusion flames ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE FLAMES; GAMMA(0,0) ABSORPTION-LINES; NITRIC-OXIDE; RATE COEFFICIENT; SPECIES CONCENTRATION; HYDROCARBON FLAMES; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; BRANCHING RATIO; CH4/AIR FLAMES AB We have applied time-resolved picosecond linear laser-induced fluorescence to obtain spatially resolved profiles of NO in laminar methane/air and methane/nitric oxide/air counterflow diffusion flames at atmospheric pressure. Temperature profiles have been measured with broadband CARS of nitrogen. Flames at strain rates from 59 s(-1) to 269 s(-1) were studied to characterize the strain rate dependence of the NO concentration. The work shows that NO concentrations decrease with increasing strain rate. Comparisons have been made with predicted NO levels obtained using two different chemical kinetic mechanisms (Lindstedt and co-workers and GRI-Mech. 3.0). Computed concentrations are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. The addition of up to 600 ppm NO to the fuel did permit an assessment of differences in the reburn chemistry between the two mechanisms. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London, England. RP Sick, V (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM vsick@umich.edu RI Sick, Volker/A-3987-2008; OI Sick, Volker/0000-0001-5756-9714; Lindstedt, Rune/0000-0002-6176-2733 NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 219 IS 5 BP 679 EP 698 DI 10.1524/zpch.219.5.679.64316 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 925TY UT WOS:000229077400010 ER PT J AU Qin, Y Prausnitz, JM AF Qin, Y Prausnitz, JM TI A molecular-thermodynamic lattice model for binary mixtures SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lattice theory; Ising model; asymmetric mixtures; critical constants; liquid-liquid coexistence curve ID VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM; CHEMICAL ASSOCIATION; IONIC FLUIDS; CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AB Using a method originally proposed for describing a continuum-space polymer fluid, a new expression for the Helmholtz energy of mixing is proposed for a binary lattice mixture. Molecular size asymmetry and nonrandomness due to segment-segment interactions are taken into account. An expression proposed by Yan, Liu and Hu for a binary lattice mixture of monomers, based on the Ising model, is used as a reference system. Calculated critical constants and liquid-liquid coexistence curves are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations for lattice mixtures with modest size asymmetry. Because lattice spacing rises with increasing temperature, comparison of calculated binary liquid-liquid equilibria with experiment requires that calculations take into account that the interchange energy falls as temperature rises. While the new expression for the Helmholtz energy of mixing provides much improvement over the Flory-Huggins equation, calculated liquid-liquid equilibria for three binary systems are similar to those from Guggenheim's quasi-chemical theory. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prausnit@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 219 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1241 DI 10.1524/zpch.2005.219.9.1223 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 972YX UT WOS:000232490800003 ER PT S AU Tsai, H Billone, MC AF Tsai, H. Billone, M. C. BE Rudling, P Kammenzind, B TI Thermal creep of irradiated zircaloy cladding SO Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: 14th International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP ASTM Int Comm B10 DE zircaloy-4 cladding; thermal creep; stress; temperature; hydrides; annealing; stress and temperature sensitivity AB As part of an effort to investigate spent-fuel behavior during dry-cask storage, thermal creep tests are being performed with defueled Zircaloy-4 cladding segments from two pressurized water reactors - Surry at approximate to 36 GWd/MTU burnup and H. B. Robinson at approximate to 67 GWd/MTU burnup, with corresponding fast (E > 1 MeV) fluence levels of 7x 10(25) and 14x10(25) n/m(2). The Sorry rods are particularly relevant because they were stored in an inert-atmosphere (He) cask for 15 years. The Robinson rods were received after reactor discharge and pool storage. Commensurate with their high burnup, the Robinson cladding has significant waterside corrosion and hydrogen uptake. Test results todate indicate good creep ductility for both claddings in the 360-400 degrees C and 160-250 MPa (hoop-stress) regime. Partial recovery of radiation hardening may have occurred during the long tests at 400 degrees C, which led to improved creep ductility. Creep-rate sensitivity is significant for stress and even more so for temperature. The higher hydrogen content in the Robinson material appears to have no detrimental effect on creep behavior at the test temperature. One Robinson sample, which ruptured in the weld region at 205 degrees C during cooling from 400 degrees C under stress (190 MPa), precipitated all visible hydrides in the radial direction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsai, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3493-2 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 VL 1467 BP 632 EP 650 DI 10.1520/STP37528S PG 19 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEJ55 UT WOS:000237445500029 ER PT J AU Garten, CT Ashwood, TL AF Garten, CT Ashwood, TL TI Modeling soil quality thresholds to ecosystem recovery at Fort Benning, GA, USA SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE military land use; ecological thresholds; soil carbon; soil nitrogen; soil N availability; nutrient dynamics; old fields; forests ID LOBLOLLY-PINE STANDS; OLD-FIELD; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; MILITARY MANEUVERS; WIREGRASS SAVANNAS; NORTH-AMERICA; LONGLEAF PINE; ROOT BIOMASS; FOREST AB The objective of this research was to use a simple model of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics to predict nutrient thresholds to ecosystem recovery on degraded soils at Fort Benning, Georgia, in the southeastern USA. Artillery, wheeled, and tracked vehicle training at military installations can produce soil disturbance and potentially create barren, degraded soils. Ecosystem reclamation is an important component of natural resource management at military installations. Four factors were important to the development of thresholds to recovery of aboveground biomass on degraded soils: (1) initial amounts of aboveground biomass, (2) initial soil C stocks (i.e., soil quality), (3) relative recovery rates of biomass, and (4) soil sand content. Forests and old fields on soils with varying sand content had different predicted thresholds for ecosystem recovery. Soil C stocks at barren sites on Fort Benning were generally below predicted thresholds to 100% recovery of desired future ecosystem conditions defined on the basis of aboveground biomass. Predicted thresholds to ecosystem recovery were less on soils with more than 70% sand content. The lower thresholds for old field and forest recovery on more sandy soils were apparently due to higher relative rates of net soil N mineralization. Calculations with the model indicated that a combination of desired future conditions, initial levels of soil quality (defined by soil C stocks), and the rate of biomass accumulation determine the predicted success of ecosystem recovery on disturbed soils. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garten, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Mailstop 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gartenctjr@bml.gov NR 71 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4-5 BP 351 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.11.009 PG 19 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 913RQ UT WOS:000228171100009 ER PT J AU Jin, TG Kurakin, A Benhaga, N Abe, K Mohseni, M Sandra, F Song, K Kay, BK Khosravi-Far, R AF Jin, TG Kurakin, A Benhaga, N Abe, K Mohseni, M Sandra, F Song, K Kay, BK Khosravi-Far, R TI Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)-independent recruitment of c-FLIPL to death receptor 5 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND; NF-KAPPA-B; MEMBRANE-PERMEABLE PEPTIDES; FLICE-INHIBITORY PROTEINS; TRAIL-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DECOY RECEPTORS; CANCER-CELLS; TNF-FAMILY AB Here we show a novel mechanism by which FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) regulates apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( TRAIL) and one of its receptors, DR5. c-FLIP is a critical regulator of the TNF family of cytokine receptor signaling. c-FLIP has been postulated to prevent formation of the competent death-inducing signaling complex ( DISC) in a ligand-dependent manner, through its interaction with FADD and/or caspase-8. In order to identify regulators of TRAIL function, we used the intracellular death domain ( DD) of DR5 as a target to screen a phage-displayed combinatorial peptide library. The DD of DR5 selected from the library a peptide that showed sequence similarity to a stretch of amino acids in the C terminus of c-FLIPL. The phage-displayed peptide selectively interacted with the DD of DR5 in in vitro binding assays. Similarly, full-length c-FLIP (c-FLIPL) and the C-terminal p12 domain of c-FLIP interacted with DR5 both in in vitro pull-down assays and in mammalian cells. This interaction was independent of TRAIL. To the contrary, TRAIL treatment released c-FLIPL from DR5, permitting the recruitment of FADD to the active DR5 signaling complex. By employing FADD-deficient Jurkat cells, we demonstrate that DR5 and c-FLIPL interact in a FADD-independent manner. Moreover, we show that a cellular membrane permeable version of the peptide corresponding to the DR5 binding domain of c-FLIP induces apoptosis in mammalian cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that c-FLIPL interacts with the DD of DR5, thus preventing death signaling by DR5 prior to the formation of an active DISC. Because TRAIL and DR5 are ubiquitously expressed, the interaction of c-FLIPL and DR5 indicates a mechanism by which tumor selective apoptosis can be achieved through protecting normal cells from undergoing death receptor-induced apoptosis. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khosravi-Far, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 99 Brookline Ave,RN 270F, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM rkhosrav@bidmc.harvard.edu RI Khosravi-Far, Roya/C-3789-2008; OI Sandra, Ferry/0000-0002-5852-1074 FU NCI NIH HHS [1R55 CA 87675, R55 CA087675, R55 CA087675-01A1]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 080192, R01 HL080192, R01 HL080192-07]; PHS HHS [T32 H 07893] NR 72 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 53 BP 55594 EP 55601 DI 10.1074/jbc.M401056200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 882TI UT WOS:000225960800077 PM 15485835 ER PT J AU Abul-Hassan, KS Lehnert, BE Guant, L Walmsley, R AF Abul-Hassan, KS Lehnert, BE Guant, L Walmsley, R TI Abnormal DNA repair in selenium-treated human cells SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE selenium; DNA repair; host cell reactivation assay; challenge assay ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; TOXIC METAL-IONS; SERUM SELENIUM; VITAMIN-E; SUBSEQUENT RISK; LUNG-CANCER; DAMAGE; BRCA1; ZINC; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Selenium (Se), a micronutrient and an environmental, a chemical and an industrial agent in many products, can have genotoxic effects as well as antimutagenic and/or anticarcinogenic properties, depending on its concentration and oxidation state. We investigated the cytotoxic response of human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells to low doses of sodium selenite and assayed their resistivity to cisplatin treatment and their capacity to reactivate cisplatin-treated reporter system, whose repair occurs through the transcription coupled repair (TCR) pathway, using the Host Cell Reactivation (HCR) Assay. In addition, we examined the ability of Se-treated human primary lymphocytes for normal double-strand breaks rejoining (DSBR) using the Challenge assay. Although, U2OS cells did not demonstrate cytotoxicity to all Se doses used, as measured by the cell proliferation MTT assay, their resistivity to cisplatin was significantly reduced. Moreover, Se-treated cells exhibited a significant reduction in their capacity for TCR as compared with untreated control cells. Primary human blood lymphocytes demonstrated cytotoxicity to Se treatment at only a concentration of 10 muM. There were no significant increases in chromosome-type deletions or chromatid breaks or in mitotic indices in cells treated with Se alone or Se plus ionizing irradiation. However, dicentric chromosomes significantly increased upon treatment with 1 muM Se plus irradiation as compared with Se-untreated irradiated control. These findings demonstrate direct evidence on the inhibitory effect of inorganic Se on cellular DNA repair capacity. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NCI, Basic Res Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. St Marys Hosp, Manchester M13 0JH, Lancs, England. UMIST, Dept Biomol Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Abul-Hassan, KS (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Biomol Sci, G10 Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. EM khaled_abul_hassan@hotmail.com NR 49 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 565 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.09.004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 881KZ UT WOS:000225867700005 PM 15576238 ER PT J AU Russell, LB Hunsicker, PR Kerley, M Pyle, A Saxton, AM AF Russell, LB Hunsicker, PR Kerley, M Pyle, A Saxton, AM TI Etoposide exposure during male mouse pachytene has complex effects on crossing-over and causes nondisjunction SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE etoposide; recombination; nondisjunction; topoisomerase-II; meiosis; chromosome segregation; germ-cell-stages; mice; spermatogenesis ID II INHIBITOR ETOPOSIDE; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HUMAN ANEUPLOIDY; MULTICOLOR FISH; HUMAN SPERM; MALE-MICE; MEIOSIS; DNA AB In experiments involving different germ-cell stages, we had previously found meiotic prophase of the male mouse to be vulnerable to the induction of several types of genetic damage by the topoisomerase-II inhibitor etoposide. The present study of etoposide effects involved two end points of meiotic events known to occur in primary spermatocytes-chromosomal crossing-over and segregation. By following assortment of 13 microsatellite markers in two chromosomes (Ch 7 and Ch 15) it was shown that etoposide significantly affected crossing-over, but did not do so in a uniform fashion. Treatment generally changed the pattern for each chromosome, leading to local decreases in recombination, a distal shift in locations of crossing-over, and an overall decrease in double crossovers; at least some of these results might be interpreted as evidence for increased interference. Two methods were used to explore etoposide effects on chromosome segregation: a genetic experiment capable of detecting sex-chromosome nondisjunction in living progeny; and the use of FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) technology to score numbers of Chromosomes X, Y, and 8 in spermatozoa. Taken together these two approaches indicated that etoposide exposure of pachytene spermatocytes induces malsegregation, and that the findings of the genetic experiment probably yielded a marked underestimate of nondisjunction. As indicated by certain segregants, at least part of the etoposide effect could be due to disrupted pairing of achiasmatic homologs, followed by precocious sister-centromere separation. It has been shown for several organisms that absent or reduced levels of recombination, as well as suboptimally positioned recombination events, may be associated with abnormal segregation. Etoposide is the only chemical tested to date for which living progeny indicates an effect on both male meiotic crossing-over and chromosome segregation. Whether, however, etoposide-induced changes in recombination patterns are direct causes of the observed malsegregation requires additional investigation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Russell, LB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM russelllb@ornl.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33816]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-8048] NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 565 IS 1 BP 61 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.09.005 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 881KZ UT WOS:000225867700007 PM 15576240 ER PT J AU Grimsditch, M Giovannini, L Montoncello, F Nizzoli, F Leaf, G Kaper, H Karpeev, D AF Grimsditch, M Giovannini, L Montoncello, F Nizzoli, F Leaf, G Kaper, H Karpeev, D TI Magnetic normal modes in nano-particles SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT At the Frontiers of Condensed Matter II Workshop CY JUN 22-26, 2004 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE nano-magnetism; magnetic normal modes; spin waves AB We have recently developed two methods to calculate the magnetic normal modes of a magnetic nano-particle. One of the methods is based on a conventional micromagnetic approach in which the time evolution of the magnetization of each cell is monitored. After filtering in frequency domain, the magnetic normal modes can be reconstructed. The second method is based on solving the same micromagneitc system in a dynamical matrix formulation. The results of the two methods, applied to a rectangular parallelepiped of Fe, will be presented and compared. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grimsditch, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM grimsditch@anl.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 354 IS 1-4 BP 266 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.09.061 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884QR UT WOS:000226101400059 ER PT J AU Jorge, GA Capan, C Ronning, F Jaime, M Kenzelmann, M Gasparovic, G Broholm, C Shapiro, AY Demianets, LA AF Jorge, GA Capan, C Ronning, F Jaime, M Kenzelmann, M Gasparovic, G Broholm, C Shapiro, AY Demianets, LA TI Specific heat at the magnetic order transitions in RbFe (MoO4)(2) SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT At the Frontiers of Condensed Matter II Workshop CY JUN 22-26, 2004 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE specific heat; Heisenberg antiferromagnet; magnetic order ID TRIANGULAR LATTICE; RBFE(MOO4)(2) AB We measured the low temperature specific heat of antiferromagnetic RbFe(MoO4)(2) single-crystal samples, by means of a microcalorimetric technique, in magnetic fields up to 15 T applied along the ab plane. Peaks in the specific heat vs. temperature were observed at all the magnetic phase transitions present in this system below 4 K. The temperature at which specific heat anomalies were observed are in agreement with earlier neutron scattering results. Additionally, we found that the transition into the paramagnetic state upon heating in a magnetic field of 10 T or larger decreases in increasing fields, extrapolating to zero temperature at an approximate field of 19 T. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, RA-1419 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Moscow 117333, Russia. RP Jorge, GA (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Pabellon 1,Ciudad Univ, RA-1419 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM gjorge@df.uba.ar RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 354 IS 1-4 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.09.071 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884QR UT WOS:000226101400066 ER PT J AU Booth, CH Han, SW Skanthakumar, S Sarrao, JL AF Booth, CH Han, SW Skanthakumar, S Sarrao, JL TI Lattice disorder and magnetism in f-electron intermetallics SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT At the Frontiers of Condensed Matter II Workshop CY JUN 22-26, 2004 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE non-Fermi liquids; lattice disorder; pair-distribution functions; extended X-ray absorption fine structure ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; GRIFFITHS PHASE; ALLOYS; UCU4PD; NMR AB Real materials can have real differences compared to ideal systems. For instance, non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behavior was initially thought to be due to chemical disorder, since the first such materials were all substituted. Although several nominally well-ordered NFLs have been discovered and extensively studied, the effect of disorder on the magnetic properties of f-electron intermetallic systems remains poorly understood. Disorder in NFL systems is reviewed from an experimental, local structure point of view, including a discussion of results on the nominally ordered U3Ni3Sn4 and CeCOIn5 systems, and the chemically disordered UCu4Pd and CeRhRuSi2 systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87501 USA. RP Booth, CH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS 70A-1150,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 354 IS 1-4 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.09.088 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884QR UT WOS:000226101400070 ER PT J AU Urbano, RR Pagliuso, PG Rettori, C Oseroff, SB Sarrao, JL Schlottmann, P Fisk, Z AF Urbano, RR Pagliuso, PG Rettori, C Oseroff, SB Sarrao, JL Schlottmann, P Fisk, Z TI Magnetic polaron and Fermi surface effects on the ESR spin-flip scattering of EuB6 above T-C approximate to 15 K SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT At the Frontiers of Condensed Matter II Workshop CY JUN 22-26, 2004 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE ESR; EuB6; magnetic polaron effects; Fermi surface effects ID RESONANCE ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERROMAGNETIC EUB6; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; METALS; ORDER AB The spin-flip scattering (SFS) between conduction and Eu(2+)4f(7) (S-8(7/2)) electrons in the paramagnetic phase of EuB6 (T greater than or equal to T-C approximate to 15 K) is studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and magneto-resistance (MR) experiments. The observed Dysonian resonance suggests a metallic environment for the Eu2+ ions. ESR at high field, H congruent to 12.05 kG (v congruent to 33.9 GHz), shows an anisotropic line width with cubic symmetry. ESR at low-field, 1.46 kG (4.1 GHz) and 3.35 kG (9.5 GHz), shows broader line width and smaller anisotropy than at higher field. The narrowing and anisotropy of the line width at high fields are indicative of a homogeneous resonance where the line width is mainly governed by the SFS mechanism due to. the exchange interaction between Eu2+ 4f(7) and conduction electrons. Besides the negative MR, we found an anisotropic MR with cubic symmetry. These results are interpreted in terms of magnetic polaron and Fermi surface effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Urbano, RR (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, Cidade Univ Zaferino Vaz,CP 6165, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM urbano@ifi.unicamp.br RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Urbano, Ricardo/F-5017-2012; Schlottmann, Pedro/G-1579-2013; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 354 IS 1-4 BP 326 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.09.098 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884QR UT WOS:000226101400072 ER PT J AU Allen, M Patel, PK Mackinnon, A Price, D Wilks, S Morse, E AF Allen, M Patel, PK Mackinnon, A Price, D Wilks, S Morse, E TI Direct experimental evidence of back-surface ion acceleration from laser-irradiated gold foils SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; PROTON GENERATION; PLASMA; PULSES; SOLIDS; BEAMS; TARGETS AB Au foils were irradiated with a 100-TW, 100-fs laser at intensities greater than 10(20) W/cm(2) producing proton beams with a total yield of similar to10(11) and maximum proton energy of >9 MeV. Removing contamination from the back surface of Au foils with an Ar-ion sputter gun reduced the total yield of accelerated protons to less than 1% of the yield observed without removing contamination. Removing contamination from the front surface (laser-interaction side) of the target had no observable effect on the proton beam. We present a one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation that models the experiment. Both experimental and simulation results are consistent with the back-surface acceleration mechanism described in the text. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allen, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mallen@nuc.berkeley.edu RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 28 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 265004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.265004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600033 PM 15697987 ER PT J AU Anastasiou, C Melnikov, K Petriello, F AF Anastasiou, C Melnikov, K Petriello, F TI Higgs-boson production at hadron colliders: Differential cross sections through next-to-next-to-leading order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID E&E-ANNIHILATION; QCD CORRECTIONS; NNLO QCD; COLLISIONS; ALGORITHM; INTEGRALS; JETS AB We present a calculation of the fully differential cross section for Higgs-boson production in the gluon fusion channel through next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. We apply the method introduced in C. Anastasiou, K. Melnikov, and F. Petriello, Phys. Rev. D 69, 076010 (2004), to compute double real emission corrections. Our calculation permits arbitrary cuts on the final state in the reaction hh-->H+X. It can easily be extended to include decays of the Higgs boson into observable final states. In this Letter, we discuss the most important features of the calculation, and present some examples of physical applications that illustrate the range of observables that can be studied using our result. We compute the NNLO rapidity distribution of the Higgs boson, and also calculate the NNLO rapidity distribution with a veto on jet activity. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM babis@slac.stanford.edu; kirill@phys.hawaii.edu; frankjp@pha.jhu.edu NR 31 TC 175 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 262002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.262002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600015 PM 15323816 ER PT J AU Balatsky, AV Joglekar, YN Littlewood, PB AF Balatsky, AV Joglekar, YN Littlewood, PB TI Dipolar superfluidity in electron-hole bilayer systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY SEPARATED ELECTRONS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; PHASE-DIAGRAM; DOUBLE-LAYER; EXCITONS; LIQUID; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB Bilayer electron-hole systems, where the electrons and holes are created via doping and are confined to separate layers, undergo excitonic condensation when the distance between the layers is smaller than the typical distance between the particles within the layer. We argue that the excitonic condensate is a novel dipolar superfluid in which the phase of the condensate couples to the gradient of the vector potential. We predict the existence of a dipolar supercurrent which can be tuned by an in-plane magnetic field. Thus the dipolar superfluid offers an example of excitonic condensate in which the composite nature of its constituent excitons is manifest in the macroscopic superfluid state. We also discuss various properties of this superfluid including the role of vortices. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, TCM, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Cavendish, TCM/C-9489-2009; Littlewood, Peter/B-7746-2008 NR 30 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 266801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.266801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600048 PM 15698002 ER PT J AU Durakiewicz, T Batista, CD Thompson, JD Olson, CG Joyce, JJ Lander, GH Gubernatis, JE Guziewicz, E Butterfield, MT Arko, AJ Bonca, J Mattenberger, K Vogt, O AF Durakiewicz, T Batista, CD Thompson, JD Olson, CG Joyce, JJ Lander, GH Gubernatis, JE Guziewicz, E Butterfield, MT Arko, AJ Bonca, J Mattenberger, K Vogt, O TI Direct observation of itinerant magnetism in the 5f-electron system UTe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC ANDERSON MODEL; ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MEAN-FIELD; LATTICE; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; NEUTRON AB Our electron photoemission experiments demonstrate that the magnetization of the ferromagnetic state of UTe is proportional to the binding energy of the hybridized band centered around 50 meV below E-F. This proportionality is direct evidence that the ferromagnetism of UTe is itinerant; i.e., the 5f electrons are not fully localized close to the atomic core. This mechanism of itinerant ferromagnetism differs from the traditional picture for 5f-electron magnetism in an essential and a novel way. We propose a simple model for the observed proportionality between the temperature dependence of the magnetization and the binding energy of the hybridized band near E-F. This model allows us to estimate the effective magnetic interaction and to identify signatures of itinerant ferromagnetism in other materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, FMF, Ljubljana 1111, Slovenia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. ETH, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Durakiewicz, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016; OI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 267205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.267205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600065 PM 15698019 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, T Leros, N Burnstein, RA Chakravorty, A Chan, A Chen, YC Choong, WS Clark, K Dukes, EC Durandet, C Felix, J Fu, Y Gidal, G Gu, P Gustafson, HR Ho, C Huang, M James, C Jenkins, CM Jones, T Kaplan, DM Lederman, LM Longo, MJ Lopez, F Lu, LC Luebke, W Luk, KB Nelson, KS Park, HK Perroud, JP Rajaram, D Rubin, HA Teng, PK Volk, J White, CG White, SL Zyla, P AF Holmstrom, T Leros, N Burnstein, RA Chakravorty, A Chan, A Chen, YC Choong, WS Clark, K Dukes, EC Durandet, C Felix, J Fu, Y Gidal, G Gu, P Gustafson, HR Ho, C Huang, M James, C Jenkins, CM Jones, T Kaplan, DM Lederman, LM Longo, MJ Lopez, F Lu, LC Luebke, W Luk, KB Nelson, KS Park, HK Perroud, JP Rajaram, D Rubin, HA Teng, PK Volk, J White, CG White, SL Zyla, P CA HyperCP Collaboration TI Search for CP violation in Charged-Xi and Lambda hyperon decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; NONCONSERVATION; PHYSICS AB We have compared the p and (p) over bar angular distributions in 117x10(6) Xi(-)-->Lambdapi(-)-->ppi(-)pi(-) and 41x10(6) (Xi) over bar (+)--><<(Lambda)over bar>pi(+)-->(p) over bar pi(+)pi(+) decays using a subset of the data from the HyperCP experiment (E871) at Fermilab. We find no evidence of CP violation, with the direct-CP-violating parameter A(XiLambda)equivalent to(alpha(Xi)alpha(Lambda)-(alpha) over bar (Xi)(alpha) over bar (Lambda))/(alpha(Xi)alpha(Lambda)+(alpha) over bar (Xi)(alpha) over bar (Lambda))=[0.0+/-5.1(stat)+/-4.4(syst)]x10(-4). C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Guanajuato, Leon 37000, Mexico. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM craigdukes@virginia.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 262001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.262001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600014 PM 15697968 ER PT J AU Koslowski, M LeSar, R Thomson, R AF Koslowski, M LeSar, R Thomson, R TI Dislocation structures and the deformation of materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; FCC METALS; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL AB We present results from phase-field simulations of a two-dimensional model of dislocation microstructure development under increasing strain that incorporates the effects of the full, three-dimensional, microstructure in an approximate way. Despite its simplicity, the model yields quantitative predictions of both the deformation properties of face-centered cubic metals as well as key descriptors of the evolving microstructure over a wide range of stress and strain. The present results have important implications for how we interpret and describe the deformation properties of fcc materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koslowski, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM marisol@lanl.gov RI Koslowski, Marisol/B-3123-2008; LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 265503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.265503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600036 PM 15697990 ER PT J AU Refael, G Moore, JE AF Refael, G Moore, JE TI Entanglement entropy of random quantum critical points in one dimension SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; CONFORMAL-FIELD-THEORY; ISING SPIN CHAINS AB For quantum critical spin chains without disorder, it is known that the entanglement of a segment of N>>1 spins with the remainder is logarithmic in N with a prefactor fixed by the central charge of the associated conformal field theory. We show that for a class of strongly random quantum spin chains, the same logarithmic scaling holds for mean entanglement at criticality and defines a critical entropy equivalent to central charge in the pure case. This effective central charge is obtained for Heisenberg, XX, and quantum Ising chains using an analytic real-space renormalization-group approach believed to be asymptotically exact. For these random chains, the effective universal central charge is characteristic of a universality class and is consistent with a c-theorem. C1 Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Refael, G (reprint author), Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 NR 16 TC 176 Z9 176 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 260602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.260602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600008 PM 15697962 ER PT J AU Russell, DA D'Ippolito, DA Myra, JR Nevins, WM Xu, XQ AF Russell, DA D'Ippolito, DA Myra, JR Nevins, WM Xu, XQ TI Blob dynamics in 3D BOUT simulations of tokamak edge turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY; PLASMAS AB Propagating filaments of enhanced plasma density, or blobs, observed in 3D numerical simulations of a diverted, neutral-fueled tokamak are studied. Fluctuations of vorticity, electrical potential phi, temperature T-e, and current density J(parallel to) associated with the blobs have a dipole structure perpendicular to the magnetic field and propagate radially with large ExB drift velocities (>1 km/s). The simulation results are consistent with a 3D blob dynamics model that incorporates increased parallel plasma resistivity (from neutral cooling of the X-point region), blob disconnection from the divertor sheath, X-point closure of the current loops, and collisional physics to sustain the phi, T-e, J(parallel to) dipoles. C1 Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Russell, DA (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 265001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.265001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600030 PM 15697984 ER PT J AU Shen, KM Ronning, F Lu, DH Lee, WS Ingle, NJC Meevasana, W Baumberger, F Damascelli, A Armitage, NP Miller, LL Kohsaka, Y Azuma, M Takano, M Takagi, H Shen, ZX AF Shen, KM Ronning, F Lu, DH Lee, WS Ingle, NJC Meevasana, W Baumberger, F Damascelli, A Armitage, NP Miller, LL Kohsaka, Y Azuma, M Takano, M Takagi, H Shen, ZX TI Missing quasiparticles and the chemical potential puzzle in the doping evolution of the cuprate superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; ANTIFERROMAGNET; SR2CUO2CL2; CA2CUO2CL2; SYMMETRY; SHIFT; OXIDE AB The evolution of Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 from Mott insulator to superconductor was studied using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. By measuring both the excitations near the Fermi energy as well as nonbonding states, we tracked the doping dependence of the electronic structure and the chemical potential with unprecedented precision. Our work reveals failures in the standard weakly interacting quasiparticle scenario, including the broad line shapes of the insulator and the apparently paradoxical shift of the chemical potential within the Mott gap. To resolve this, we develop a model where the quasiparticle is vanishingly small at half filling and grows upon doping, allowing us to unify properties such as the dispersion and Fermi wave vector with the chemical potential. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Shen, KM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Baumberger, Felix/A-5170-2008; Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI Baumberger, Felix/0000-0001-7104-7541; Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X; damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 26 TC 185 Z9 186 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 267002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.267002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600054 PM 15698008 ER PT J AU Fuselier, SA Gary, SP Thomsen, MF Claflin, ES Hubert, B Sandel, BR Immel, T AF Fuselier, SA Gary, SP Thomsen, MF Claflin, ES Hubert, B Sandel, BR Immel, T TI Generation of transient dayside subauroral proton precipitation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma instabilities; proton precipitation; wave/particle interactions ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; MAGNETOSPHERE; SPACECRAFT; AURORAS; MISSION; ALPHA; WAVES; ARCS; COLD AB The Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration ( IMAGE) spacecraft obtained the first global images of the proton aurora. One of the discoveries from these images was a region of proton precipitation equatorward of the nominal auroral oval. This precipitation can be observed for similar to10 min immediately following a large solar wind pressure pulse. Various mechanisms have been proposed for producing this precipitation. This study focuses on one of the proposed mechanisms, the scattering and precipitation of protons due to interaction with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. Using data from the IMAGE spacecraft FUV and EUV imagers, in situ ring current data from the Los Alamos geosynchronous spacecraft, and in situ solar wind data from the ACE spacecraft, two features of the precipitation, the local time occurrence and limited latitudinal extent, are explained. The local time occurrence of the precipitation is correlated with the orientation of the pressure pulse front in the solar wind. The limited latitudinal extent of the emissions appears to be related to the interaction between the hot ring current protons and the cold plasmaspheric ions that gives rise to EMIC wave growth. C1 Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Space Phys Dept, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Liege, Inst Atmospher & Geophys, Lab Phys Astrophys & Planetaire, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fuselier, SA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Space Phys Dept, ADCS B-255,3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM fuselier@spasci.com NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A12 AR A12227 DI 10.1029/2004JA010393 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 885CW UT WOS:000226135600002 ER PT J AU Badyal, YS Barnes, AC Cuello, GJ Simonson, JM AF Badyal, YS Barnes, AC Cuello, GJ Simonson, JM TI Understanding the effects of concentration on the solvation structure of Ca2+ in aqueous solutions. II: Insights into longer range order from neutron diffraction isotope substitution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CALCIUM-ION; HYDRATION STRUCTURE; EXAFS; WATER; SCATTERING; CHLORIDE; SHELL AB Although the Ca2+ aqua-ion is of great importance to biology and a key component of natural groundwaters, many details of the solvation structure and its behavior have remained either unexplored or controversial. We report the findings of a new neutron diffraction study, building upon the results of an earlier, complementary investigation with EXAFS (Fulton, J. L.; Badyal, Y. S.; Simonson, J. M.; Heald, S. M. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 4688-4696). The common goal of both studies was to develop a much clearer and more consistent picture of the effects of concentration on the Ca2+ solvation structure. In particular, we have tried to elucidate the microscopic basis of a thermodynamic anomaly reported for ambient aqueous solutions of CaCl2 at concentrations greater than approximately 4.0 m. By measuring the neutron scattering from isotopically distinct (Ca-nat/Ca-44) pairs of CaCl2 aqueous solutions at two concentrations (4.0 and 6.4 m) in both light and heavy water, the uniquely detailed Ca-H and Ca-X (X = O, Cl, or Ca) pair distribution functions, and the changes in them with concentration, were determined. This type of second-order isotope difference experiment has only been applied successfully before to two other aqua-ions, Ni2+ and Cr3+. Our findings confirm the lack of substantial change in the nearest atomic neighbor Ca-O environment and the virtual absence of Ca2+- Cl- contact ion pairing even at high concentration, as first indicated by the preceding EXAFS investigation. Instead, the principal change with concentration appears to be the entry of significant numbers of Cl- ions into the second hydration shell around Ca2+ and the resulting formation of Ca2+-OH2-Cl- solvent-shared ion pairs. Our results provide compelling evidence for this picture, in particular the impact on the water hydrogen structure in the second hydration shell and the apparent effects on the tilt angle distribution of water molecules in the first hydration layer. The average number of water molecules in the first hydration shell of Ca2+ is close to 7 at both concentrations (although a small decrease with concentration is noticeable). Given the great rigor and consistency required for second-order isotope difference experiments, our values for coordination number and other structural parameters should be regarded as the benchmarks for this system. The pair distribution functions will also serve as an exacting test of theoretical and simulation models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Badyal, YS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM badyalys@ornl.gov RI Cuello, Gabriel/C-5831-2009 OI Cuello, Gabriel/0000-0003-3844-0602 NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 52 BP 11819 EP 11827 DI 10.1021/jp046476c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 882FP UT WOS:000225924800041 ER PT J AU Feng, X Matranga, C Vidic, R Borguet, E AF Feng, X Matranga, C Vidic, R Borguet, E TI A vibrational spectroscopic study of the fate of oxygen-containing functional groups and trapped CO2 in single-walled carbon nanotubes during thermal treatment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; HIPCO PROCESS; NITRIC-ACID; PURIFICATION; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; DIOXIDE AB The oxygen-containing functional groups, introduced by common purification procedures, on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) made by both the HiPco and laser-ablation (Rice Tubes) techniques are studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy from 90 to 1400 K under vacuum. The fate of the functional groups under heating and the physically trapped CO2 generated from the decomposition of these functional groups are investigated. Vacuum heating to similar to 1300 K removes most of the oxygen-containing functionalities in the purified samples. The similarities in the infrared spectra of the Rice Tubes after a 1400 K treatment with spectra for the as-received and air/HCl treated HiPco nanotubes suggests the observation of intrinsic SWNT IR bands. Vacuum heating of nitric acid treated HiPco samples leads to the formation of a new feature, tentatively assigned to cyclic anhydride groups, in the 1850 cm(-1) region. The cyclic anhydride groups decompose and ultimately disappear after thermal annealing to 600 K. Above 700 K, the quantity of CO2 trapped in HNO3 treated HiPco SWNTs decreases and trapped CO2 is completely released from the nanotubes after 1100 K even though oxygen-containing functionalities are still present on the sample. The Rice Tubes made by the laser ablation technique retain the physically trapped CO2 even after heating to 1400 K. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Borguet, E (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM eborguet@temple.edu RI Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015; OI Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938; Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 52 BP 19949 EP 19954 DI 10.1021/jp047410k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 882FS UT WOS:000225925100011 ER PT J AU Khairoutdinov, RF Doubova, LV Haddon, RC Saraf, L AF Khairoutdinov, RF Doubova, LV Haddon, RC Saraf, L TI Persistent photoconductivity in chemically modified single-wall carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITED-STATES; FILMS; OXYGEN; ACID; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PURIFICATION; ENHANCEMENT AB Control of the conductivity of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is crucial for the use of carbon nanotubes in molecular electronics. We report a new fundamental characteristic of semiconducting SWNTs: the persistent photoconductivity of chemically modified carbon nanotube films. Illumination of carboxylated semiconducting SWNTs with ultraviolet or visible light causes a persistent decrease in the conductivity of semiconducting films. The photoinduced conductivity persists in the dark with a characteristic half-life of 35 s to 1.2 x 10(3) s at room temperature and an activation energy of 0.35 eV. Infrared illumination restores the conductivity of SWNT films. Ultraviolet and visible light illumination partially refills empty valence band states of chemically modified SWNTs by electron injection from the dopant sites. Photoinduced injection of electrons is accompanied by a decrease of the conductivity of the p-doped SWNT film, because of neutralization of holes by injected electrons. Covalent attachment of ruthenium(II)-tris(2,2'-bipyridine) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) to SWNTs makes carbon nanotubes sensitive to light that has been absorbed by the ruthenium complex and makes the carbon nanotubes persistently photoconductive. The photoconductivity of Ru(bpY)(3)(2+)-SWNT films is presumably due to the injection of holes from *Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) to SWNT with a quantum yield of 0.55. Persistently photoconductive SWNTs have potential uses as nanosized optical switches, photodetectors, electrooptical information storage devices, and chemical sensors. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ctr Nanosensor Technol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffrk@uaf.edu RI Haddon, Robert/A-2528-2008 OI Haddon, Robert/0000-0002-7903-5139 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 52 BP 19976 EP 19981 DI 10.1021/jp046495m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 882FS UT WOS:000225925100015 ER PT J AU Ramallo-Lopez, JM Lede, EJ Requejo, FG Rodriguez, JA Kim, JY Rosas-Salas, R Dominguez, JM AF Ramallo-Lopez, JM Lede, EJ Requejo, FG Rodriguez, JA Kim, JY Rosas-Salas, R Dominguez, JM TI XANES characterization of extremely nanosized metal-carbonyl subspecies (Me = Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) confined into the mesopores of MCM-41 materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MANGANESE HYDROUS OXIDES; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY; TRANSITION-METALS; EDGE STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYSTS; STABILITY AB A study of the stability, local order, and interaction of the surface silanol groups of MCM-41 with transition metal carbonyls M-x(CO)(y). (where M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) introduced by a chemical alternative method was performed by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). These molecular species, catalytically active for ethylene polymerization reactions, were previously characterized by FTIR and NMR in order to confirm their monodispersion and confined location into the mesopores of the MCM-41 material. Present experimental results indicate the high dispersion of metal species in all cases. Symmetry and stability depend on type of compound, Fe-carbonyl having the lowest stability. Changes in metal coordination and oxidation state are clearly followed by XANES indicating the interaction between sub-carbonyl species and the walls of the mesopores. C1 UNLP, FCE, Dto Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IFLP, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Mexicano Petr, Programa Ingn Mol, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. RP Dominguez, JM (reprint author), UNLP, FCE, Dto Fis, POB 67, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM jmdoming@imp.mx RI Lede, Eduardo/D-5529-2013; Ramallo-Lopez, Jose/N-1757-2016; Requejo, Felix/O-2260-2016 OI Ramallo-Lopez, Jose/0000-0002-8233-2644; Requejo, Felix/0000-0003-4439-864X NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 52 BP 20005 EP 20010 DI 10.1021/jp049241+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 882FS UT WOS:000225925100019 ER PT J AU Zhu, HG Pan, ZW Chen, B Lee, B Mahurin, SM Overbury, SH Dai, S AF Zhu, HG Pan, ZW Chen, B Lee, B Mahurin, SM Overbury, SH Dai, S TI Synthesis of ordered mixed titania and silica mesostructured monoliths for gold catalysts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; OLEFIN EPOXIDATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; AU CATALYSTS; METAL-OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; OXIDATION; COPOLYMER; TRIBLOCK AB Mesostructured silica-titania mixed oxide monoliths, in which the nanocrystalline titania is well dispersed inside the silicate framework, have been synthesized by a liquid crystalline templating approach in combination with sol-gel processing. Control over the different hydrolysis and condensation rates of silicon and titanium alkoxides was achieved by complexation of the titanium species to the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) part of a block copolymer, such as Pluronic F108. The block copolymer serves two distinct functions: (a) as a structure-directing agent and (b) as a moderator of the hydrolysis rate of titanium alkoxide. The amorphous titania inside the silica framework is converted by calcination treatment into anatase phase TiO2 incorporated on the silica. The structure and composition of the resulting material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The monoliths have an ordered mesostructure with very small crystallites of anatase TiO2 located within the mesopores. We show that the mixed oxide monoliths are excellent support materials for gold catalysts. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 67 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 52 BP 20038 EP 20044 DI 10.1021/jp047525o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 882FS UT WOS:000225925100023 ER PT J AU Mei, Q Ghalsasi, P Benmore, CJ Yarger, JL AF Mei, Q Ghalsasi, P Benmore, CJ Yarger, JL TI The local structure of triphenyl phosphite studied using spallation neutron and high-energy X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL STATE; POLYAMORPHISM SITUATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; PHASE; FRUSTRATION; SCATTERING; ORDER AB Spallation neutron and high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed to investigate the local structural changes in triphenyl phosphite (TPP) in the crystalline, glacial, glassy, and supercooled liquid phases. The hydrogen/deuterium first-order difference method shows a large increase in intensity due to additional hydrogen correlations in the crystalline spectra compared to the glass and supercooled liquid at similar to3.0 and 3.4 Angstrom. These features are shown to be largely due to inter-phenyl ring H-C/H interactions, which are probably associated in part with the formation of weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The high-energy X-ray diffraction data show a decrease in correlations at 3.12 Angstrom which is attributed to changes in C-O/P intramolecular interactions between the glacial and crystalline forms. The structural evolution of the glacial state was also measured over time using total neutron diffraction. The largest structural differences between the early glacial and crystalline states are observed at 3.0 and 4.5 Angstrom. Moreover, as the transformation progresses, the glacial spectra cannot be adequately described as a simple mixture of supercooled liquid and crystalline components. These results suggest that changes in molecular conformation and nearest-neighbor interactions are responsible for the existence of the glacial state. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benmore, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM benmore@anl.gov RI Yarger, Jeff/L-8748-2014; OI Yarger, Jeff/0000-0002-7385-5400; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 52 BP 20076 EP 20082 DI 10.1021/jp046762o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 882FS UT WOS:000225925100028 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, E Chandross, M AF Jaramillo, E Chandross, M TI Adsorption of small molecules in LTA zeolites. 1. NH3, CO2, and H2O in zeolite 4A SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIA; SILICALITE; DIFFUSION; WATER; NA+-ZEOLITE-4A; REFINEMENT; POTENTIALS AB We have developed force fields for the calculation of adsorption of NH3, CO2, and H2O on zeolite 4A by performing Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations to fit experimental isotherms at 298 K. The calculated NH3 and CO2 isotherms are in excellent agreement with experimental data over a wide range of temperatures and several orders of magnitude in pressure. We have calculated isotherms for H2O in 4A using two different models and have found that H2O saturates zeolite 4A even at pressures as low as 0.01 kPa for the range of temperatures studied. We have studied the geometry of the adsorption sites and their dependence on loading. At low pressures, CO2 molecules adsorb with their longitudinal axis pointing toward the center of the supercage, whereas at higher pressures, the two oxygen atoms are equidistant from the Na atom in the binding site. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chandross, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mechand@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 52 BP 20155 EP 20159 DI 10.1021/jp048078f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 882FS UT WOS:000225925100038 ER PT J AU Impey, S McCorkle, SR Cha-Molstad, H Dwyer, JM Yochum, GS Boss, JM McWeeney, S Dunn, JJ Mandel, G Goodman, RH AF Impey, S McCorkle, SR Cha-Molstad, H Dwyer, JM Yochum, GS Boss, JM McWeeney, S Dunn, JJ Mandel, G Goodman, RH TI Defining the CREB regulon: A genome-wide analysis of transcription factor regulatory regions SO CELL LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; BINDING-PROTEIN; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; HISTONE MODIFICATIONS; TARGET GENES; C-FOS; PROMOTER; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; REVEALS AB The CREB transcription factor regulates differentiation, survival, and synaptic plasticity. The complement of CREB targets responsible for these responses has not been identified, however. We developed a novel approach to identify CREB targets, termed serial analysis of chromatin occupancy (SACO), by combining chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with a modification of SAGE. Using a SACO library derived from rat PC12 cells, we identified similar to41,000 genomic signature tags (GSTs) that mapped to unique genomic loci. CREB binding was confirmed for all loci supported by multiple GSTs. Of the 6302 loci identified by multiple GSTs, 40% were within 2 kb of the transcriptional start of an annotated gene, 49% were within 1 kb of a CpG island, and 72% were within 1 kb of a putative cAMP-response element (CRE). A large fraction of the SACO loci delineated bidirectional promoters and novel antisense transcripts. This study represents the most comprehensive definition of transcription factor binding sites in a metazoan species. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vollum Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Emory Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Impey, S (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vollum Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM impeys@ohsu.edu NR 39 TC 474 Z9 505 U1 1 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1054 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.032 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 884TQ UT WOS:000226109700015 PM 15620361 ER PT J AU Key, RM Kozyr, A Sabine, CL Lee, K Wanninkhof, R Bullister, JL Feely, RA Millero, FJ Mordy, C Peng, TH AF Key, RM Kozyr, A Sabine, CL Lee, K Wanninkhof, R Bullister, JL Feely, RA Millero, FJ Mordy, C Peng, TH TI A global ocean carbon climatology: Results from Global Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon; distribution; inventory ID TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 INVENTORY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; GEOSECS PROGRAM; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; DIOXIDE ANALYSIS; TOTAL ALKALINITY AB During the 1990s, ocean sampling expeditions were carried out as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and the Ocean Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study (OACES). Subsequently, a group of U.S. scientists synthesized the data into easily usable and readily available products. This collaboration is known as the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP). Results were merged into a common format data set, segregated by ocean. For comparison purposes, each ocean data set includes a small number of high-quality historical cruises. The data were subjected to rigorous quality control procedures to eliminate systematic data measurement biases. The calibrated 1990s data were used to estimate anthropogenic CO(2), potential alkalinity, CFC watermass ages, CFC partial pressure, bomb-produced radiocarbon, and natural radiocarbon. These quantities were merged into the measured data files. The data were used to produce objectively gridded property maps at a 1degrees resolution on 33 depth surfaces chosen to match existing climatologies for temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrients. The mapped fields are interpreted as an annual mean distribution in spite of the inaccuracy in that assumption. Both the calibrated data and the gridded products are available from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. Here we describe the important details of the data treatment and the mapping procedure, and present summary quantities and integrals for the various parameters. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Key, RM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM key@princeton.edu RI Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 NR 92 TC 690 Z9 700 U1 15 U2 157 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 AR GB4031 DI 10.1029/2004GB002247 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885CD UT WOS:000226133500001 ER PT J AU Liu, G Cai, YG Liu, TB AF Liu, G Cai, YG Liu, TB TI Automatic and subsequent dissolution and precipitation process in inorganic macroionic solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CLUSTERS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Liu, TB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM TIL204@lehigh.edu RI Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017 OI Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790 NR 12 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 51 BP 16690 EP 16691 DI 10.1021/ja045688k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 882AI UT WOS:000225910400003 PM 15612684 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Medforth, CJ Shelnutt, JA AF Wang, ZC Medforth, CJ Shelnutt, JA TI Self-metallization of photocatalytic porphyrin nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES; CHEMISTRY C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interface Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shelnutt, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interface Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jasheln@unm.edu RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; NR 8 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 51 BP 16720 EP 16721 DI 10.1021/ja044148k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 882AI UT WOS:000225910400018 PM 15612699 ER PT J AU Dey, A Glaser, T Moura, JJG Holm, RH Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Dey, A Glaser, T Moura, JJG Holm, RH Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI Ligand K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations on [Fe3S4](0,+) clusters: Delocalization, redox, and effect of the protein environment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII FERREDOXIN; IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; DESULFOVIBRIO-GIGAS; ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; FE3S4 CLUSTER; GROUND-STATE; COVALENCY; RESONANCE; MODELS AB Ligand K-edge XAS of an [Fe3S4](0) model complex is reported. The pre-edge can be resolved into contributions from the mu(2)S(sulfide), mu(3)S(Sulfide), and S-thiolate ligands. The average ligand-metal bond covalencies obtained from these pre-edges are further distributed between Fe3+ and Fe2.5+ components using DFT calculations. The bridging ligand covalency in the [Fe2S2](+) subsite of the [Fe3S4](0) cluster is found to be significantly lower than its value in a reduced (Fe2S2] cluster (38% vs 61%, respectively). This lowered bridging ligand covalency reduces the superexchange coupling parameter J relative to its value in a reduced [Fe2S2](+) site (-146 cm(-1) vs -360 cm(-1), respectively). This decrease in J, along with estimates of the double exchange parameter Band vibronic coupling parameter lambda(2)/k-, leads to an S = 2 delocalized ground state in the [Fe3S4](0) cluster. The S K-edge XAS of the protein ferredoxin 11 (Fd 11) from the D. gigas active site shows a decrease in covalency compared to the model complex, in the same oxidation state, which correlates with the number of H-bonding interactions to specific sulfur ligands present in the active site. The changes in ligand-metal bond covalencies upon redox compared with DFT calculations indicate that the redox reaction involves a two-electron change (one-electron ionization plus a spin change of a second electron) with significant electronic relaxation. The presence of the redox inactive Fe3+ center is found to decrease the barrier of the redox process in the [Fe3S4] cluster due to its strong antiferromagnetic coupling with the redox active Fe2S2 subsite. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Quim, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; Edward.solomon@stanford.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013; Moura, Jose/D-6426-2013; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013; Glaser, Thorsten/H-5187-2013 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349; Moura, Jose/0000-0002-4726-2388; Glaser, Thorsten/0000-0003-2056-7701 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 28856] NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 51 BP 16868 EP 16878 DI 10.1021/ja0466208 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 882AI UT WOS:000225910400045 PM 15612726 ER PT J AU Aboelella, NW Kryatov, SV Gherman, BF Brennessel, WW Young, VG Sarangi, R Rybak-Akimova, EV Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI Cramer, CJ Tolman, WB AF Aboelella, NW Kryatov, SV Gherman, BF Brennessel, WW Young, VG Sarangi, R Rybak-Akimova, EV Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI Cramer, CJ Tolman, WB TI Dioxygen activation at a single copper site: Structure, bonding, and mechanism of formation of 1 : 1 Cu-O-2 adducts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID ALPHA-HYDROXYLATING MONOOXYGENASE; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; DOPAMINE BETA-MONOOXYGENASE; CONTINUUM DIELECTRIC THEORY; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; VALENCE SUM ANALYSIS; ACTIVE-SITE; GALACTOSE-OXIDASE; HYDROPEROXO-COPPER(II) COMPLEX; PEPTIDYLGLYCINE MONOOXYGENASE AB To evaluate the fundamental process Of O-2 activation at a single copper site that occurs in biological and catalytic systems, a detailed study Of O-2 binding to Cu(l) complexes of beta-diketiminate ligands L (L-1 = backbone Me; L-2 = backbone tBu) by X-ray crystallography, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), cryogenic stopped-flow kinetics, and theoretical calculations was performed. Using synchrotron radiation, an X-ray diffraction data set for (LCuO2)-Cu-2 was acquired, which led to structural parameters in close agreement to theoretical predictions. Significant Cu(Ill)-peroxo character for the complex was corroborated by XAS. On the basis of stopped-flow kinetics data and theoretical calculations for the oxygenation of (LCu)-Cu-1(RCN) (R = alkyl, aryl) in THF and THF/RCN mixtures between 193 and 233 K, a dual pathway mechanism is proposed involving (a) rate-determining solvolysis of RCN by THF followed by rapid oxygenation of (LCu)-Cu-1(THF) and (b) direct, bimolecular oxygenation of (LCu)-Cu-1(RCN) via an associative process. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Ctr Met Biocatal, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tolman, WB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Ctr Met Biocatal, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM tolman@chem.umn.edu RI Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 01209]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 31450]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 47365] NR 112 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 51 BP 16896 EP 16911 DI 10.1021/ja045678j PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 882AI UT WOS:000225910400048 PM 15612729 ER PT J AU Mishina, Y Chen, LX He, C AF Mishina, Y Chen, LX He, C TI Preparation and characterization of the native iron(II)-containing DNA repair AlkB protein directly from Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TAURINE/ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE DIOXYGENASE; CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING; NONHEME IRON ENZYMES; ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE; OXIDATIVE DEMETHYLATION; ALKYLATION DAMAGE; REACTIVITY; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; SYNTHASE AB The Escherichia coli AlkB protein was recently found to repair cytotoxic DNA lesions 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine by using a novel iron-catalyzed oxidative demethylation mechanism. This protein belongs to a family of 2-ketoglutarate-Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase proteins that utilize iron and 2-ketoglutarate to activate dioxygen for oxidation reactions. We report here the overexpression and isolation of the native Fe(II)-AlkB with a bound cofactor, 2-ketoglutarate, directly from E. coli. UV-vis measurements showed an absorption peak at 560 rim, which is characteristic of a bidentate 2-ketoglutarate bound to an iron(II) ion. Addition of excess amounts of single-stranded DNA to this isolated Fe(II)-AlkB protein caused a 9 nm shift of the 560 nm band to a higher energy, indicating a DNA-binding-induced geometry change of the active site. X-ray absorption spectra of the active site iron(II) in AlkB suggest a five-coordinate iron(II) center in the protein itself and a centrosymmetric six-coordinate iron(II) site upon addition of single-stranded DNA. This geometry change may play important roles in the DNA damage-searching and damage-repair functions of NO. These results provide direct evidence for DNA binding to AlkB which modulates the active site iron(II) geometry. The isolation of the native Fe(II)-AlkB also allows for further investigation of the iron(II) center and detailed mechanistic studies of the dioxygen-activation and damage-repair reactions performed by AlkB. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lchen@anl.gov; chuanhe@uchicago.edu NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 51 BP 16930 EP 16936 DI 10.1021/ja045066z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 882AI UT WOS:000225910400050 PM 15612731 ER PT J AU Ashby, PD Lieber, CM AF Ashby, PD Lieber, CM TI Brownian force profile reconstruction of interfacial 1-nonanol solvent structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLING MONOLAYER FILMS; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES; CARBON NANOTUBE PROBE; INTERACTION POTENTIALS; SOLVATION FORCES; MICROSCOPE CANTILEVERS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; HYDRATION FORCES; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES AB Using Brownian force profile reconstruction (BFPR), we measured the solvent structure force profile of interfacial 1-nonanol between graphite and methyl terminated alkane thiol SAM surfaces. BFPR harnesses the thermal motion of the cantilever to accurately and precisely reconstruct force profiles that may be stiffer than the intrinsic cantilever stiffness. Novel methods to compensate instrument noise and seamlessly stitch together subsections of the force profile significantly improve upon previous reconstruction techniques using thermal noise. The increased accuracy and precision of BFPR could enable the measurement of stiff or rough energy landscapes such as solvent structure or ligand-protein binding. The force profile for interfacial 1-nonanol solvent structure was well fit by an exponentially decaying sinusoid function with a period of 4.5 Angstrom for distances greater than four molecular layers. revealing liquid behavior. Distances shorter than four molecular layers displayed solid behavior with interlayer transitions being 3.9 Angstrom and possible crystal orientation rearrangements causing submolecular steps upon subsequeni confinement. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ashby, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pashby@cmlinis.harvard.edu NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 51 BP 16973 EP 16980 DI 10.1021/ja045970r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 882AI UT WOS:000225910400054 PM 15612735 ER PT J AU Lombardi, V Piazzesi, G Reconditi, M Linari, M Lucii, L Stewart, A Sun, YB Boesecke, P Narayanan, T Irving, T Irving, M AF Lombardi, V Piazzesi, G Reconditi, M Linari, M Lucii, L Stewart, A Sun, YB Boesecke, P Narayanan, T Irving, T Irving, M TI X-ray diffraction studies of the contractile mechanism in single muscle fibres SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting on Myosin, Muscle and Motility CY MAY 17-18, 2004 CL Royal Soc, London, ENGLAND HO Royal Soc DE skeletal muscle; muscle contraction; myosin; motor proteins; X-ray diffraction ID VERTEBRATE STRIATED-MUSCLE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MYOSIN HEADS; FORCE GENERATION; WORKING STROKE; LIGHT-CHAIN; ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; SARCOMERE-LENGTH; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; POWER STROKE AB The molecular mechanism of muscle contraction was investigated in intact muscle fibres by X-ray diffraction. Changes in the intensities of the axial X-ray reflections produced by imposing rapid changes in fibre length establish the average conformation of the myosin heads during active isometric contraction. and show that the heads tilt during the elastic response to a change in fibre length and during the elementary force generating process: the working stroke. X-ray interference between the two arrays of myosin heads in each filament allows the axial motions of the heads following a sudden drop in force from the isometric level to be measured in situ with unprecedented precision. At low load, the average working stroke is 12 nm. which is consistent with crystallographic studies. The working stroke is smaller and slower at a higher load. The compliance of the actin and myosin filaments was also determined from the change in the axial spacings of the Xray reflections following a force step, and shown to be responsible for most of the sarcomere compliance. The mechanical properties of the sarcomere depend on both the motor actions of the myosin heads and the compliance of the myosin and actin filaments. C1 Kings Coll London, Randall Div Cell & Mol Biophys, London SE1 1UL, England. Univ Florence, DBAG, Lab Fisiol, I-50134 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Operat Grp Grenoble, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Brandeis Univ, Rosenstiel Ctr, Waltham, MA 02545 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, BioCAT Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Irving, M (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Randall Div Cell & Mol Biophys, London SE1 1UL, England. EM malcolm.irving@kcl.ac.uk RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; OI Sun, Yin-Biao/0000-0002-4992-8198 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-08630] NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 359 IS 1452 BP 1883 EP 1893 DI 10.1098/rstb.2004.1557 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 890PA UT WOS:000226522100008 PM 15647164 ER PT J AU Williams, WA Zhang, RG Zhou, M Joachimiak, G Gornicki, P Missiakas, D Joachimiak, A AF Williams, WA Zhang, RG Zhou, M Joachimiak, G Gornicki, P Missiakas, D Joachimiak, A TI The membrane-associated lipoprotein-9 GmpC from Staphylococcus aureus binds the dipeptide GlyMet via side chain interactions SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; ABC-TRANSPORTER; ATP-BINDING; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; PEPTIDE BINDING; PROTEIN; SYSTEM AB Bacterial dipeptide ABC transporters function to import a wide range of dipeptide substrates. This ability to transport a wide variety of dipeptides is conferred by the cognate substrate binding protein (SBP) of these transporters. SBPs bind dipeptides with little regard for their amino acid content. Here, we report the 1.7 Angstrom resolution structure of lipoprotein-9 (SA0422) of Staphylococcus aureus in complex with the dipeptide glycylmethionine. Experimental characterization of the subcellular location of the protein confirmed that SA0422 is an acylated, peripheral membrane protein. This is the first structure determined for an SBP of a Gram-positive dipeptide ABC transporter. Usually, binding of dipeptides occurs in a binding pocket that is largely hydrated and able to accommodate the side chains of several different amino acid residues. Unlike any other known SBP, lipoprotein-9 binds the side chains of the glycylmethionine dipeptide through very specific interactions. Lipoprotein-9 shares significant structural and sequence homology with the MetQ family of methionine SBP. Sequence comparisons between MetQ-like proteins and lipoprotein-9 suggest that the residues forming the tight interactions with the methionine side chains of the ligand are highly conserved between lipoprotein-9 and MetQ homologues, while the residues involved in coordinating the glycine residue are not. Modeling of the Vibrio cholerae MetQ and lipoprotein-9 binding pockets can account for lipoprotein-9 substrate specificity toward glycylmethionine. For this reason, we have designated lipoprotein-9 GmpC, for glycylmethionine binding protein. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Comm Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Missiakas, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Comm Microbiol, 920 E 58Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dmissiak@bsd.uchicago.edu; andrzejj@anl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI055838, R03 AI055838]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414-02, T32GM007183, GM62414, P50 GM062414, T32 GM007183] NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 51 BP 16193 EP 16202 DI 10.1021/bi048877o PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 882KL UT WOS:000225937700021 PM 15610013 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Primak, A Cape, J Bowman, MK Kramer, DM Cramer, WA AF Zhang, HM Primak, A Cape, J Bowman, MK Kramer, DM Cramer, WA TI Characterization of the high-spin heme x in the cytochrome b(6)f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARAMAGNETIC-RES SIGNAL; CYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW; B(6)F COMPLEX; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; DEPENDENT REDUCTION; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; BF COMPLEX; CHLOROPLASTS; OXIDOREDUCTASE; PLASTOQUINOL AB X-ray structures at 3.0-3.1 Angstrom resolution of the cytochrome b(6)f complex from the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus [Kurisu, G., Zhang, H., Smith, J.L., and Cramer, W. A. (2003) Science 302, 1009-1014] and the green alga Chlamyclomonas reinhardtii [Stroebel, D., Choquet, Y., Popot, J.-L., and Picot, D. (2003) Nature 426, 413-418] showed the presence of a unique heme, heme x, that is covalently linked by a single thioether bond to a Cys residue (Cys35) on the electrochemically negative (n) side of the cytochrome b(6) polypeptide. Heme x faces the intermonomer quinone exchange cavity. The only axial ligand associated with this heme is a H2O or OH- that is H-bonded to the propionate of the stromal side heme b(n), showing that it is pentacoordinate. The spectral properties of this heme were hardly defined at the time of the structure determination. The pyridine hemochromagen redox difference spectrum for heme x covalently bound to the cytochrome b polypeptide isolated from SDS-PAGE displays a low-amplitude broad spectrum with a peak at 553 nm, similar to that of other hemes with a single thioether linkage. The binding of CO and a hydrophobic cyanide analogue, butyl isocyanide, to dithionite-reduced b(6)f complex perturbs and significantly shifts the redox difference visible spectrum. Together with EPR spectra displaying g values of the oxidized complex of 6.7 and 7.4, heme x is defined as a ferric high-spin heme in a rhombic environment. In addition to a possible function in photosystem I-linked cyclic electron transport, the five-coordinate state implies that there is at least one more function of heme x that is related to axial binding of a physiological ligand. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Battelle NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lilly Hall Life Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hzhang@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu; wac@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-38323, GM-61904] NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 51 BP 16329 EP 16336 DI 10.1021/bi048363p PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 882KL UT WOS:000225937700035 PM 15610027 ER PT J AU Bonilla, G Diaz, I Tsapatsis, M Jeong, HK Lee, Y Vlachos, DG AF Bonilla, G Diaz, I Tsapatsis, M Jeong, HK Lee, Y Vlachos, DG TI Zeolite (MFI) crystal morphology control using organic structure-directing agents SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVE SYNTHESIS; REVERSE MICELLES; GROWTH; SEPARATION; MEMBRANES; NANOCRYSTALS; REACTANTS; DESIGN; FILMS AB The effect of structure-directing agents (SDAs) on zeolite particle morphology; and crystal structure was studied. Dimers and trimers of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide-the SDA of siliceous ZSM-5 (silicalite-1, structure type MFI)-lead to direct-growth of the same framework but with drastically different crystal morphologies. Control over relative crystal growth rates along the three main crystallographic axes is demonstrated by obtaining crystals with their longest dimension along any of these axes. Unit cell dimensions and crystal structure were determined by refinement based on powder X-ray diffraction data and electron microscopy, respectively. The importance of the new morphologies in thin film molecular sieve technology along with possible crystal growth mechanisms is discussed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Tsapatsis, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM tsapatsi@cems.umn.edu RI Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016; OI Jeong, Hae-Kwon/0000-0002-0026-5100; Vlachos, Dionisios/0000-0002-6795-8403 NR 25 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 9 U2 109 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 26 BP 5697 EP 5705 DI 10.1021/cm048854w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 881ZR UT WOS:000225908600026 ER PT J AU Chi, X Besnard, C Thorsmolle, VK Butko, VY Taylor, AJ Siegrist, T Ramirez, AP AF Chi, X Besnard, C Thorsmolle, VK Butko, VY Taylor, AJ Siegrist, T Ramirez, AP TI Structure and transport properties of the charge-transfer salt coronene - TCNQ SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPECTRA AB Coronene is a highly symmetric organic molecule whose molecular structure resembles a fragment of graphite. We have crystallized a charge-transfer complex based on coronene and TCNQ, and present crystal structure and transport properties. The complex adopts alternate stacking between coronene and TCNQ and the charge-transfer was estimated to be of the order of 0.3 by the structure and IR analysis of TCNQ. This degree of charge-transfer is larger than those of other hydrocarbon based charge-transfer complexes reported. We find semiconductor behavior with an optical gap of 1.55 eV and a transport gap of 0.49 eV. The Child's law mobility is estimated to be 0.3 cm(2)/Vs-this alone, with the small tran-sport gap suggests this compound might be attractive for device applications. C1 Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Siegrist, T (reprint author), Lund Univ, POB 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM tsi@lucent.com RI Besnard, celine/L-6207-2015; Thorsmolle, Verner/M-1095-2015 OI Thorsmolle, Verner/0000-0002-5890-4403 NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 10 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 26 BP 5751 EP 5755 DI 10.1021/cm049187+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 881ZR UT WOS:000225908600034 ER PT J AU Luo, WF Gross, KJ AF Luo, WF Gross, KJ TI A kinetics model of hydrogen absorption and desorption in Ti-doped NaAlH4 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Ti-doped; kinetics; NaAlH4 ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SODIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; CATALYZED ALANATES; STORAGE PROPERTIES; TITANIUM AB The kinetics of the hydrogen sorption of Ti-doped direct-synthesized NaAlH4 has been studied by measuring sorption rates at various temperatures and applied pressures. Formation and decomposition rate equations for NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6 are proposed, and pre-exponential factors and activation energies have been calculated for these reactions. These equations were used to calculate alanate decomposition curves. The results fit the experimental data very well. The predictive capabilities of this empirical approach provide a very useful modeling tool for optimizing the performance of the alanates over a range of hydrogen absorption temperatures and pressures. Under a typical hydrogen-loading condition (constant pressure), the optimum temperature for "fast fill" can be determined. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Luo, WF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wluo@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 385 IS 1-2 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.05.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 874UU UT WOS:000225376500034 ER PT J AU Luo, WF AF Luo, WF TI (LiNH2-MgH2): a viable hydrogen storage system (vol 381, pg 284, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Correction C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Luo, WF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, MS 9403,7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wluo@sandia.gov NR 1 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 385 IS 1-2 BP 316 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.10.017 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 874UU UT WOS:000225376500049 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Bond, TC Lee, T Jang, C AF Streets, DG Bond, TC Lee, T Jang, C TI On the future of carbonaceous aerosol emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosols; emissions; projections; global; black carbon; organic carbon ID INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; BLACK CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACE-ASIA; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOLS AB This paper presents the first model-based forecasts of future emissions of the primary carbonaceous aerosols, black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The forecasts build on a recent 1996 inventory of emissions that contains detailed fuel, technology, sector, and world-region specifications. The forecasts are driven by four IPCC scenarios, A1B, A2, B1, and B2, out to 2030 and 2050, incorporating not only changing patterns of fuel use but also technology development. Emissions from both energy generation and open biomass burning are included. We project that global BC emissions will decline from 8.0 Tg in 1996 to 5.3-7.3 Tg by 2030 and to 4.3-6.1 Tg by 2050, across the range of scenarios. We project that OC emissions will decline from 34 Tg in 1996 to 24-30 Tg by 2030 and to 21-28 Tg by 2050. The introduction of advanced technology with lower emission rates, as well as a shift away from the use of traditional solid fuels in the residential sector, more than offsets the increased combustion of fossil fuels worldwide. Environmental pressures and a diminishing demand for new agricultural land lead to a slow decline in the amount of open biomass burning. Although emissions of BC and OC are generally expected to decline around the world, some regions, particularly South America, northern Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania, show increasing emissions in several scenarios. Particularly difficult to control are BC emissions from the transport sector, which increase under most scenarios. We expect that the BC/OC emission ratio for energy sources will rise from 0.5 to as much as 0.8, signifying a shift toward net warming of the climate system due to carbonaceous aerosols. When biomass burning is included, however, the BC/OC emission ratios are for the most part invariant across scenarios at about 0.2. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dstreets@anl.gov RI Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; OI Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 73 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24212 DI 10.1029/2004JD004902 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885CF UT WOS:000226133800001 ER PT J AU Johnson, CL Hytch, MJ Buseck, PR AF Johnson, CL Hytch, MJ Buseck, PR TI Nanoscale waviness of low-angle grain boundaries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE dislocations; geometric phase analysis; high-resolution transmission; electron microscopy; olivine; interface ID MESOSCALE SIMULATIONS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; STRAIN FIELDS; DISLOCATION; DISPLACEMENT; OLIVINE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MICROGRAPHS; ANGSTROM AB Low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) are ubiquitous in natural and man-made materials and profoundly affect many of their mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. The properties of LAGBs are understood in terms of their constituent dislocations that accommodate the small misorientations between grains. Discrete dislocations result in a heterogeneous local structure along the boundary. In this article, we report the lattice rotation across a LAGB in olivine (Mg(1.8)Fe(0.2)SiO(4)) measured at the nanometer scale by using quantitative high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The analysis reveals a grain boundary that is corrugated. Elastic calculations show that this waviness is independent of the host material and thus a general feature of LAGBs. Based on our observations and analysis, we provide equations for the boundary position, local curvature, and the lattice rotation field for any LAGB. These results provide the basis for a reexamination of grain-boundary properties in materials such as high-temperature superconductors, nanocrystalline materials, and naturally deformed minerals. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CNRS, Ctr Etud Chim Met, F-94407 Vitry Sur Seine, France. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Johnson, CL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Mail Stop 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cljohnson@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 52 BP 17936 EP 17939 DI 10.1073/pnas.0408348102 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 884RD UT WOS:000226102700012 PM 15608057 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, RK Frank, P George, SD Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF Szilagyi, RK Frank, P George, SD Hedman, B Hodgson, KO TI High covalence in CuSO4 and the radicalization of sulfate: An X-ray absorption and density functional study SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGAND K-EDGE; TUNICATE ASCIDIA-CERATODES; ANHYDROUS COPPER-SULFATE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BLOOD-CELLS; EQUILIBRIUM-CONSTANTS; REDUCTION POTENTIALS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; EXPERIMENTAL PROBE AB Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of anhydrous CuSO4 reveals a well-resolved preedge transition feature at 2478.8 eV that has no counterpart in the XAS spectra of anhydrous ZnSO4 or copper sulfate pentahydrate. Similar but weaker preedge features occur in the sulfur K-edge XAS spectra of [Cu(itao)SO4] (2478.4 eV) and [Cu{(CH3)(6)tren}SO4] (2477.7 eV). Preedge features in the XAS spectra of transition metal ligands are generally attributed to covalent delocalization of a metal d-orbital hole into a ligand-based orbital. Copper L-edge XAS of CuSO4 revealed that 56% of the Cu(II) 3d hole is delocalized onto the sulfate ligand. Hybrid density functional calculations on the two most realistic models of the covalent delocalization pathways in CuSO4 indicate about 50% electron delocalization onto the sulfate oxygen-based 2p orbitals; however, at most 14% of that can be found on sulfate sulfur. Both experimental and computational results indicated that the high covalence of anhydrous CuSO4 has made sulfate more like the radical monoanion, inducing an extensive mixing and redistribution of sulfur 3p-based unoccupied orbitals to lower energy in comparison to sulfate in ZnSO4. It is this redistribution, rather than a direct covalent interaction between Cu(II) and sulfur, that is the origin of the observed sulfur XAS preedge feature. From pseudo-Voigt fits to the CuSO4 Sulfur K-edge XAS spectrum, a ground-state 3p character of 6% was quantified for the orbital contributing to the preedge transition, in reasonable agreement with the DFT calculation. Similar XAS fits indicated 2% sulfur 3p character for the preedge transition orbitals in [Cu(itao)SO4] and [Cu{(CH3)(6)tren}SO4]. The covalent radicalization of ligands similar to sulfate, with consequent energy redistribution of the virtual orbitals, represents a new mechanism for the induction of ligand preedge XAS features. The high covalence of the Cu sites in CuSO4 was found to be similar to that of Cu sites in oxidized cupredoxins, including its anistropic nature, and can serve as the simplest inorganic examples of intramolecular electron-transfer processes. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hodgson, KO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Szilagyi, Robert/G-9268-2012 OI Szilagyi, Robert/0000-0002-9314-6222 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209] NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 26 BP 8318 EP 8329 DI 10.1021/ic030311l PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 881YY UT WOS:000225906700024 PM 15606178 ER PT J AU Sinkov, SI Rapko, BM Lumetta, GJ Hay, BP Hutchison, JE Parks, BW AF Sinkov, SI Rapko, BM Lumetta, GJ Hay, BP Hutchison, JE Parks, BW TI Bicyclic and acyclic diamides: Comparison of their aqueous phase binding constants with Nd(III), Am(III), Pu(IV), Np(V), Pu(VI), and U(VI) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID SOLUTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; EXTRACTION; AFFINITY; IONS AB This report describes affinity measurements for two, water-soluble, methyl-alkylated diamides incorporating the malonamide functionality, N,N,N',N' tetramethylmalonamide (TMMA) and a bicyclic diamide (1a), toward actinide metal cations (An) in acidic nitrate solutions. Ligand complexation to actinides possessing oxidation states ranging from +3 to +6 was monitored through optical absorbance spectroscopy, and formation constants were obtained from the refinement of the spectrophotometric titration data sets. Species analysis gives evidence for the formation of 1, 4, 1, and 2 spectrophotometrically observable complexes by TMMA to An(III, IV, V, and VI), respectively, while for 1a, the respective numbers are 3, 4, 2, and 2. Consistent with the preorganization of 1a toward actinide binding, a significant difference is found in the magnitudes of their respective formation constants at each complexation step. It has been found that the binding affinity for TMMA follows the well-established order An(V) < An(III) < An(VI) < An(IV). However, with 1a, Np(V) forms stronger complexes than Am(III). The complexation of 1a with Np(V) and Pu(VI) at an acidity of 1.0 M is followed by reduction to Np(IV) and Pu(IV), whereas TMMA does not perturb the initial oxidation state for these dioxocations. These measurements of diamide binding affinity mark the first time single-component optical absorbance spectra have been reported for a span of actinide-diamide complexes covering all common oxidation states in aqueous solution. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Sinkov, SI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM serguei.sinkov@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 26 BP 8404 EP 8413 DI 10.1021/ic049377m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 881YY UT WOS:000225906700035 PM 15606189 ER PT J AU Nolen, JA AF Nolen, JA TI Radioactive beam facilities of North America SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID PROJECTILE FRAGMENT SEPARATOR; COULOMB BARRIER; ION-BEAMS; FUSION; ENERGIES; BI-209; HE-6 AB There are several nuclear physics laboratories in North America that have on-going research using energetic and stopped radioactive beams. These include the large ISOL-based programs ISAC at TRIUMF in Canada and HRIBF at Oak Ridge and the in-flight fragmentation program at the NSCL of Michigan. State University. There are also smaller, more specialized, programs using a variety of techniques at ATLAS at Argonne, the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University, the Nuclear Structure Laboratory at Notre Dame University, the 88-inch cyclotron of Berkeley, and the Nuclear Structure Laboratory at SUNY/Stony Brook. A major upgrade of the NSCL, the Coupled Cyclotron Project, was recently completed, resulting in driver beams at higher energies and intensities than previously available. A major improvement of the ISAC facility is also in progress. ISAC is being upgraded to provide higher energies and a broader range of masses in the ISAC II project with an ECR charge state booster and a superconducting linac to provide energies of 6.5 MeV/u for masses up to A=150. In the United States the construction of a next-generation facility, the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA), is being planned. RIA will have a very high-intensity, up to 400 kW, superconducting heavy-Ion driver linac which will provide beams from protons to uranium. This facility utilize both ISOL and in-flight production mechanisms. Many laboratories and universities nation-wide are participating in the R&D program for this future facility. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nolen, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 9C EP 16C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.013 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600003 ER PT J AU Stolz, A Estrade, A Davies, AD Ginter, TN Hosmer, PT Kwan, E Liddick, SN Mantica, PF Mertzimekis, TJ Montes, FA Morrissey, DJ Morton, AC Ouellette, M Pellegrini, E Santi, P Schatz, H Steiner, M Stuchberry, AE Tomlin, BE Walters, WB Woehr, A Arndt, O Kratz, KL Pfeiffer, B Reeder, P AF Stolz, A Estrade, A Davies, AD Ginter, TN Hosmer, PT Kwan, E Liddick, SN Mantica, PF Mertzimekis, TJ Montes, FA Morrissey, DJ Morton, AC Ouellette, M Pellegrini, E Santi, P Schatz, H Steiner, M Stuchberry, AE Tomlin, BE Walters, WB Woehr, A Arndt, O Kratz, KL Pfeiffer, B Reeder, P TI Radioactive ion beams in the region of Sn-100 and Ni-78 at the NSCL SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID PROJECTILE FRAGMENT SEPARATOR; HEAVY-IONS; IDENTIFICATION; PROGRAM AB The regions around the doubly magic nuclei Sn-100 and Ni-78 are of great interest from a nuclear structure standpoint. These nuclei also play a key role in the astrophysical rp- and r-processes, respectively. Recently, nuclei in these regions were studied at the Coupled Cyclotron Facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. C1 Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stolz, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM stolz@nscl.msu.edu; davies@nscl.msu.edu; liddick@nscl.rnsu.edu; schatz@nscl.msu.edu; awoehr@nd.edu RI Morton, Colin/K-1561-2015; OI Morton, Colin/0000-0003-0214-7551; Mertzimekis, Theo/0000-0001-9191-7903 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 54C EP 60C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.017 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600010 ER PT J AU Reinhard, PG Burvenich, T Cornelius, T Fleischer, P Klupfel, P Maruhn, JA AF Reinhard, PG Burvenich, T Cornelius, T Fleischer, P Klupfel, P Maruhn, JA TI Mean-field models and exotic nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID EFFECTIVE FORCES; PARAMETRIZATION; MASSES; PB-186 AB We review briefly the performance of self-consistent mean field models in connection with exotic nuclei. Two variants are discussed, the Skyrine-Hartree-Fock (SHF) method and the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model. The basic properties are summarized. Applications to neutron rich Sri isotopes and to superheavy elements are discussed. As effects slightly beyond mean field, we present recent results On low lying 2(+) excitations in Sri isotopes and in Pb-186. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys, Erlangen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys, Erlangen, Germany. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 76C EP 82C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.072 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600014 ER PT J AU Radford, DC Baktash, C Beene, JR Fuentes, B Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Gross, CJ Halbert, ML Larochelle, Y Lewis, TA Liang, JF Mas, J Mueller, PE Padilla, E Shapira, D Stracener, DW Varner, RL Yu, CH Barton, CJ Caprio, MA Hartley, DJ Zamfir, NV AF Radford, DC Baktash, C Beene, JR Fuentes, B Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Gross, CJ Halbert, ML Larochelle, Y Lewis, TA Liang, JF Mas, J Mueller, PE Padilla, E Shapira, D Stracener, DW Varner, RL Yu, CH Barton, CJ Caprio, MA Hartley, DJ Zamfir, NV TI Nuclear structure studies with heavy neutron-rich RIBS at the HRIBF SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID FACILITY AB Neutron-rich radioactive ion beams available from the HRIBF allow a variety of exciting measurements around the Sn-132 region, including Coulomb excitation, fusion-evaporation, and neutron transfer. The B(E2;0(+) --> 2(+)) value for first 2(+) excited states of neutron-rich Te-132,Te-134,Te-136 and Sn-126,Sn-128,Sn-130,Sn-132,Sn-134 have been measured by Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. The results are discussed in terms of the shell model and the quasiparticle random phase approximation. Neutron transfer onto a Te-134 beam, from Be-9 and C-13 targets to populate single-particle states in Te-135, has also been studied. Results, and plans for future experiments with these neutron-rich beams, are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Yale Univ, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Barton, CJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 8 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 83C EP 89C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.056 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600015 ER PT J AU Liang, JF Shapira, D Gross, CJ Beene, JR Bierman, JD Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Hausladen, PA Larochelle, Y Loveland, W Mueller, PE Peterson, D Radford, DC Stracener, DW Varner, RL AF Liang, JF Shapira, D Gross, CJ Beene, JR Bierman, JD Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Hausladen, PA Larochelle, Y Loveland, W Mueller, PE Peterson, D Radford, DC Stracener, DW Varner, RL TI Enhanced evaporation residue cross sections in neutron-rich radioactive Sn-132 on Ni-64 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; FUSION ENHANCEMENT; ION-BEAMS; NUCLEI; BARRIER; MODEL AB Evaporation residue cross sections have been measured with neutron-rich radioactive Sn-132 beams on Ni-64 in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. The average beam intensity was 2 x 10(4) particles per second and the smallest cross section measured was less than 5 mb. Large sub-barrier fusion enhancement was observed. The measurement is compared to coupled-channel calculations taking into account inelastic excitation and nucleon transfer. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gonzaga Univ, Phys Dept AD 51, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Liang, JF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 103C EP 107C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.057 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600018 ER PT J AU Vary, JP Barrett, BR Lloyd, R Navratil, P Nogga, A Ormand, WE AF Vary, JP Barrett, BR Lloyd, R Navratil, P Nogga, A Ormand, WE TI Shell model in a first principles approach SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID LIGHT-NUCLEI; OPERATOR APPROACH AB We develop and apply an ab-initio approach to nuclear structure. Starting with the NN interaction, that fits two-body scattering and bound state data, and adding a theoretical NNN potential, we evaluate nuclear properties in a no-core approach. For presently feasible no-core model spaces, we evaluate an effective Hamiltonian in a cluster approach which is guaranteed to provide exact answers for sufficiently large model spaces and/or sufficiently large clusters. A number of recent applications are surveyed including an initial application to exotic multiquark systems. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Vary, JP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 123C EP 129C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.146 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600022 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ TI Initial results from coupled-cluster theory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FIELD; MODEL; STATES AB I discuss an interesting method for approaching the quantum many-body problem that will be useful for investigating neutron-rich nuclei that will be produced at next-generation nuclear facilities such as the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 130C EP 134C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.021 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600023 ER PT J AU Liddick, SN Mantica, PF Janssens, RVF Broda, R Brown, BA Carpenter, MP Fornal, B Morton, AC Mueller, WF Pavan, J Stolz, A Tabor, SL Tomlin, BE Wiedeking, M AF Liddick, SN Mantica, PF Janssens, RVF Broda, R Brown, BA Carpenter, MP Fornal, B Morton, AC Mueller, WF Pavan, J Stolz, A Tabor, SL Tomlin, BE Wiedeking, M TI Tracking the monopole migration of the nu 1f(5/2) state near the N=32 subshell closure in neutron-rich nuclei above Ca-48 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID BEAMS AB The beta decay of neutron-rich nuclei in the pi1f(7/2) and nupf shells has been studied at the NSCL to track the development of new proposed shell closures at N = 32 and 34 due to the monopole migration of the nu1f(5/2) orbital. From a measurement of absolute gamma-ray intensities following the beta decay of odd-odd nuclei, the beta-decay branching ratios to levels in the even-even daughters can be deduced. The branching ratios, especially to the 0(+) daughter ground state, can be used to assign spins and parities to the parent ground states. The interpretation of these assignments for odd-odd nuclei in a single-particle limit can be used to track the migration of the nu1f(5/2) single-particle state. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Liddick, SN (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Morton, Colin/K-1561-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Morton, Colin/0000-0003-0214-7551 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 140C EP 144C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.023 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600025 ER PT J AU Geissel, H Litvinov, YA Attallah, F Beckert, K Beller, P Bosch, F Boutin, D Faestermann, T Falch, M Franzke, B Hausmann, M Hellstrom, M Kaza, E Kerscher, T Klepper, O Kluge, HJ Kozhuharov, C Kratz, KL Litvinov, SA Lobner, KEG Maier, L Matos, M Munzenberg, G Nolden, F Novikov, YN Ohtsubo, T Ostrowski, A Patyk, Z Pfeiffer, B Portillo, M Radon, T Scheidenberger, C Shishkin, V Stadlmann, J Steck, M Viera, DJ Weick, H Winkler, M Wollnik, H Yamaguchi, T AF Geissel, H Litvinov, YA Attallah, F Beckert, K Beller, P Bosch, F Boutin, D Faestermann, T Falch, M Franzke, B Hausmann, M Hellstrom, M Kaza, E Kerscher, T Klepper, O Kluge, HJ Kozhuharov, C Kratz, KL Litvinov, SA Lobner, KEG Maier, L Matos, M Munzenberg, G Nolden, F Novikov, YN Ohtsubo, T Ostrowski, A Patyk, Z Pfeiffer, B Portillo, M Radon, T Scheidenberger, C Shishkin, V Stadlmann, J Steck, M Viera, DJ Weick, H Winkler, M Wollnik, H Yamaguchi, T TI New results with stored exotic nuclei at relativistic energies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID DECAY; STORAGE; ESR; GSI AB Recently, much progress has been made with stored exotic nuclei at relativistic velocities ((v)/(c) = 0.7). Fragments of Pb-208 and Bi-209 projectiles and fission products from U-238 ions were produced, separated in flight with the fragment separator FRS, and injected into the storage-cooler ring ESR for precision measurements. 114 new masses of neutron-deficient isotopes in the lead region have been measured with time-resolved Schottky Mass Spectrometry (SMS). A new isospin dependence of the pairing energy was observed due to the improved mass accuracy of typically 1.5 x 10(-7) (30 keV). New masses of short-lived neutron-rich fission fragments have been obtained with Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS). An innovative field of spectroscopy has been opened up with lifetime measurements of stored bare and few-electron fragments after applying both stochastic and electron cooling. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Niigata Univ, Niigata 95021, Japan. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Geissel, H (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM H.Geissel@gsi.de; thomas.faestermann@ph.tum.de; hausmann@lanl.gov; j.kluge@gsi.de; vieira@lanl.gov RI Matos, Milan/G-6947-2012; Novikov, Iurii/M-7784-2013; OI Matos, Milan/0000-0003-1722-9509; Novikov, Iurii/0000-0002-5369-7142; Faestermann, Thomas/0000-0002-6603-8787 NR 17 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 150C EP 155C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.030 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600027 ER PT J AU Reed, CB Nolen, JA Specht, JR Novick, VJ Plotkin, P AF Reed, CB Nolen, JA Specht, JR Novick, VJ Plotkin, P TI A 20 kw beam-on-target test of a high-power liquid lithium target for RIA SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB The high-power heavy-ion beams produced by the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac have large energy deposition density in solids and in many cases no solid materials would survive the full beam power. Liquid lithium technology has been proposed to solve this problem in RIA. Specifically, a windowless target for the production of radioactive ions via fragmentation, consisting of a jet of about 3 cm thickness of flowing liquid lithium, exposed to the beamline vacuum [1,2] is being developed. To demonstrate that power densities equivalent to a 200-kW RIA uranium beam, deposited in the first 4 mm of a flowing lithium jet, can be handled by the windowless target design, a high power 1 MeV Dynamitron was leased and a test stand prepared to demonstrate the target's capability of absorbing and carrying away a 20kW heat load without disrupting either the 5 mm x 10 mm flowing lithium jet target or the beam line vacuum. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reed, CB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cbreed@anl.gov; nolen@anl.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 161C EP 165C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.0127 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600029 ER PT J AU Thomas, JS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Cizewski, JA Greife, U Gross, CJ Johnson, MS Jones, KL Kozub, RL Liang, JF Livesay, RJ Ma, Z Moazen, BH Nesaraja, CD Shapira, D Smith, MS AF Thomas, JS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Cizewski, JA Greife, U Gross, CJ Johnson, MS Jones, KL Kozub, RL Liang, JF Livesay, RJ Ma, Z Moazen, BH Nesaraja, CD Shapira, D Smith, MS TI Studies of the neutron single-particle structure of exotic nuclei at the HRIBF SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID DECAY AB The study of neutron single-particle strengths in neutron-rich nuclei is of interest for nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. The distribution of single-particle strengths constrains the effective Hamiltonian and pairing interactions and determines neutron interaction rates that are crucial for understanding the synthesis of heavy nuclei in supernovae via the rapid neutron capture process. Particularly important are the neutron single-particle levels in nuclei near closed neutron shells. Radioactive ion beams from the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility have been used to study (d,p) reactions in inverse kinematics in order to probe neutron single-particle states in exotic nuclei. The results of a measurement with a Ge-82 beam will be presented. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM bardayan@mail.phy.ornl.gov; blackmon@ornl.gov; liang@mail.phy.ornl.gov; mazw@utk.edu; msmith@mail.phy.ornl.gov RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Nesaraja, Caroline/0000-0001-5571-8341 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 178C EP 182C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.032 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600032 ER PT J AU Chang, SY Morales, J Pandharipande, VR Ravenhall, DG Carlson, J Pieper, SC Wiringa, RB Schmidt, KE AF Chang, SY Morales, J Pandharipande, VR Ravenhall, DG Carlson, J Pieper, SC Wiringa, RB Schmidt, KE TI Neutron matter : A superfluid gas SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL-APPROACH; ENERGY; NUCLEAR; SYSTEMS; DROPS AB We review recent progress in the theory of neutron, matter with particular emphasis on its superfluid properties. Results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations of simple and realistic models of uniform superfluid neutron gas are discussed along with those of neutrons interacting in a potential well chosen to approximate neutron-rich oxygen isotopes. The properties of dilute superfluid Fermi gases that may be produced in atom traps, and their relations with neutron matter, are illustrated. The density dependence of the effective interaction between neutrons, used to describe neutron-rich systems with the mean field approximations, is also discussed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chang, SY (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 215C EP 221C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.119 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600039 ER PT J AU Lee, IY Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Stephens, FS Ward, D AF Lee, IY Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Stephens, FS Ward, D TI GRETINA: A gamma ray energy tracking array SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID SPECTROMETER; DETECTORS AB A gamma-ray energy tracking array (GRETA) is a new concept for the detection of gamma radiation. In such an array, the individual interactions of all the gamma rays are identified by their energies and positions. Then, using tracking algorithms based on the properties of gamma ray interactions, the scattering sequences are reconstructed. GRETA will give high peak efficiency, peak-to-background ratio, and position resolution. Recent research and development efforts have demonstrated that the construction of a gamma ray tracking array is feasible, and a plan for constructing a US array GRETINA is in place. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, IY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM iylee@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 255C EP 259C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.038 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600045 ER PT J AU Wuosmaa, AH Al Tahtamouni, T Schiffer, JP AF Wuosmaa, AH Al Tahtamouni, T Schiffer, JP TI A solenoidal transport device for transfer reactions in inverse kinematics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB We propose a new scheme for the study of few-particle-transfer reactions in inverse kinematics built around a high-field magnetic solenoid. This device has significant advantages over more conventional approaches for studying such reactions. These techniques are likely to be important at RIA, for a wide class of reactions that must be carried out in inverse kinematics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Wuosmaa, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alan.wuosmaa@wmich.edu; schiffer@anl.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 267C EP 271C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.039 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600047 ER PT J AU Winter, WT Rehm, KE Jiang, CL Ahmad, I Freedman, SJ Greene, J Heinz, A Henderson, D Janssens, RVF Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Pardo, RC Paul, M Pennington, T Savard, G Schiffer, JP Seweryniak, D Zinkann, G AF Winter, WT Rehm, KE Jiang, CL Ahmad, I Freedman, SJ Greene, J Heinz, A Henderson, D Janssens, RVF Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Pardo, RC Paul, M Pennington, T Savard, G Schiffer, JP Seweryniak, D Zinkann, G TI Determination of the B-8 neutrino spectrum SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID DECAY AB We have measured the total energy of the alpha particles emitted following the beta-decay of B-8. The alpha particle energy spectrum is used to infer the shape of the B-8 neutrino spectrum, which is an important input in the interpretation of experiments which detect energetic neutrinos from the Sun. The alpha-spectrum was measured with a new technique which involved the implantation of a beam of B-8 ions into the mid-plane of a 91 mum thick planar Si detector, allowing both of the decay alpha particles to be observed in the same detector. Calibration was performed by implanting a beam of Na-20 ions, which provide alpha lines in the energy region of interest. The experimental results are compared with a previous precision measurement of the alpha spectrum, and are found to disagree. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Winter, WT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wtwinter@socrates.berkeley.edu; rehm@phy.anl.gov; jiang@phy.anl.gov; ahmad@phy.anl.gov; greene@anl.gov; andreas.heinz@yale.cdu; janssens@phy.anl.gov; efmoore@anl.gov; gopal@lotus.saha.ernet.in; pardo@phy.anl.gov; savard@phy.anl.gov; schiffer@anl.gov; seweryniak@anl.gov RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 311C EP 315C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphys.2004.09.029 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600055 ER PT J AU Clark, JA Barber, RC Blank, B Boudreau, C Buchinger, F Crawford, JE Gulick, S Hardy, JC Heinz, A Lee, JKP Levand, AF Moore, RB Savard, G Seweryniak, D Sharma, KS Sprouse, GD Trimble, W Vaz, J Wang, JC Zhou, Z AF Clark, JA Barber, RC Blank, B Boudreau, C Buchinger, F Crawford, JE Gulick, S Hardy, JC Heinz, A Lee, JKP Levand, AF Moore, RB Savard, G Seweryniak, D Sharma, KS Sprouse, GD Trimble, W Vaz, J Wang, JC Zhou, Z TI Precise mass measurements of astrophysical interest made with the Canadian Penning trap mass spectrometer SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID ELECTRON; ION AB The processes responsible for the creation of elements more massive than iron are not well understood. Possible production mechanisms involve the rapid capture of protons (rp-process) or the rapid capture of neutrons (r-process), which are thought to occur in explosive astrophysical events such as novae, x-ray bursts, and supernovae. Mass measurements of the nuclides involved with uncertainties on the order of 100 keV or better are critical to determine the process 'paths', the energy output of the events, and the resulting nuclide abundances. Particularly important are the masses of 'waiting-point' nuclides along the rp-process path where the process stalls until the subsequent beta decay of the nuclides. This paper will discuss the precise mass measurements made of isotopes along the rp-process and r-process paths using the Canadian Penning nap mass spectrometer, including the mass of the critical waiting-point nuclide Se-68. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM jclark@physics.umanitoba.ca; blank@cenbg.in2p3.fr; andreas.heinz@yale.edu; savard@phy.anl.gov; seweryniak@anl.gov; sharma@physics.umanitoba.ca; gene.sprouse@sunysb.cdu; jcwang@phy.anl.gov; zhou@phy.anl.gov RI Sprouse, Gene/C-3397-2009; Crawford, John/A-3771-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 342C EP 346C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphys.2004.09.051 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600060 ER PT J AU Rehm, KE Jiang, CL Greene, JP Henderson, D Janssens, RVF Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Pardo, RC Pennington, T Schiffer, JP Sinha, S Tang, XD Siemssen, RH Jisonna, L Segel, RE Wuosmaa, AH AF Rehm, KE Jiang, CL Greene, JP Henderson, D Janssens, RVF Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Pardo, RC Pennington, T Schiffer, JP Sinha, S Tang, XD Siemssen, RH Jisonna, L Segel, RE Wuosmaa, AH TI First studies of the B-8(alpha,p)C-11 reaction SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID ASTROPHYSICAL S-FACTOR; ALPHA CAPTURE; STARS; BEAM AB The B-8(alpha,p)C-11 reaction is part of the network that can bypass the triple a process leading to the production of C-12. We have measured the astrophysical reaction rate for this reaction by studying the inverse C-11(p,alpha)B-8 process. The radioactive C-11 beam was produced via the p(B-11,C-11)n reaction using the in-flight facility at the ATLAS accelerator. The astrophysical reaction rate obtained from the excitation function measured in the energy range E-x=8.8-10 MeV was found to be a factor of 10-50 higher than previous estimates. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. KVI, Groningen, Netherlands. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rehm@phy.anl.gov; jiang@phy.anl.gov; greene@anl.gov; janssens@phy.anl.gov; efmoore@anl.gov; gopal@lotus.saha.ernet.in; pardo@phy.anl.gov; schiffer@anl.gov; shrabani@phy.anl.gov; xdtang@phy.ard.gov; l-jisonna@northwestern.edu; rsegel@lotus.phys.nwu.edu; alan.wuosmaa@uwich.edu RI Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 354C EP 358C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.052 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600062 ER PT J AU Blackmon, JC Bardayan, DW Brune, CR Carstoiu, F Champagne, AE Crespo, R Davinson, T Fernandes, JC Gagliardi, CA Greife, U Gross, CJ Hausladen, PA Iliadis, C Jewett, CC Kozub, RL Lewis, TA Liang, F Moazen, BH Mukhamedzhanov, AM Nesaraja, CD Nunes, FM Parker, PD Radford, DC Sahin, L Scott, JP Shapira, D Smith, MS Thomas, JS Trache, L Tribble, RE Woods, PJ Yu, CH AF Blackmon, JC Bardayan, DW Brune, CR Carstoiu, F Champagne, AE Crespo, R Davinson, T Fernandes, JC Gagliardi, CA Greife, U Gross, CJ Hausladen, PA Iliadis, C Jewett, CC Kozub, RL Lewis, TA Liang, F Moazen, BH Mukhamedzhanov, AM Nesaraja, CD Nunes, FM Parker, PD Radford, DC Sahin, L Scott, JP Shapira, D Smith, MS Thomas, JS Trache, L Tribble, RE Woods, PJ Yu, CH TI The F-17(p, gamma)Ne-18 direct capture cross section SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID OPTICAL-MODEL; NUCLEI AB The F-17(p,gamma)Ne-18 reaction is important for understanding nucleosynthesis in novae. This reaction rate is expected to be dominated by the unmeasured direct-capture cross section at nova temperatures. We have measured cross sections for the proton-transfer reaction N-14(F-17,Ne-18)C-13 to determine F-17+p asymptotic normalization coefficients for Ne-18 bound states and the F-17(p,gamma)Ne-18 direct-capture cross section. Elastic scattering cross sections for the N-14(F-17,F-17)N-14 and C-12(F-17,F-17)C-12 reactions were also measured and used to determine reliable optical-model parameters within the framework of a microscopic double-folding model. Here we present the technique and some preliminary results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Inst Super Tecn, Dept Fis, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Yale Univ, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM blackmon@ornl.gov; bardayan@mail.phy.ornl.gov; t.davinson@ed.ac.uk; liang@mail.phy.ornl.gov; nunes@nscl.msu.edu; radfordd@phy.ornl.gov; msmith@mail.phy.ornl.gov; jeffthom@physics.rutgers.edu; l-trache@tamu.edu; tribble@comp.tamu.edu RI radford, David/A-3928-2015; Trache, Livius/M-6265-2016; OI crespo, raquel/0000-0001-7338-0014; Nesaraja, Caroline/0000-0001-5571-8341 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 365C EP 369C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.054 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600064 ER PT J AU Jiang, CL Back, BB Nolen, J Rehm, KE Savard, G AF Jiang, CL Back, BB Nolen, J Rehm, KE Savard, G TI The influence of secondary reactions in the wedge of a magnetic separator at RIA SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jiang@phy.anl.gov; back@anl.gov; nolen@anl.gov; rehm@phy.anl.gov; savard@phy.anl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 403C EP 406C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.142 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600071 ER PT J AU Trimble, W Savard, G Blank, G Clark, JA Buchinger, F Cocolios, T Crawford, JE Frankel, A Greene, JP Gulick, S Lee, JKP Levand, A Portillo, M Sharma, KS Wang, JC Zabransky, BJ Zhou, Z AF Trimble, W Savard, G Blank, G Clark, JA Buchinger, F Cocolios, T Crawford, JE Frankel, A Greene, JP Gulick, S Lee, JKP Levand, A Portillo, M Sharma, KS Wang, JC Zabransky, BJ Zhou, Z CA S258 Collaboration TI Development and first on-line tests of the RIA gas catcher prototype SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID BEAMS AB A new approach to the production of low energy radioactive beams involves the stopping of fast beams produced by fragmentation or in-flight fission in a large gas catcher where the reaction products are thermalized in high-purity helium and extracted as singly charged ions for post-acceleration. This removes the limitation present in standard ISOL techniques for species that are difficult to extract from the target/ion source assembly. This approach will be implemented in the RIA facility. The demonstration of this new technology is a key R&D goal for RIA and a full scale prototype was constructed and tested, both off-line and on-line, at the ATLAS facility at Argonne. The basic operating principles, techniques used for the construction, and results obtained in off-line and on-line tests are presented. The large gas catcher prototype has now been transported to GSI, where fragmentation products at the full RIA energy are available, for its final test. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Trimble, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM savard@phy.anl.gov; jclark@physics.umanitoba.ca; greene@anl.gov; sharma@physics.umanitoba.ca; zhou@phy.anl.gov RI Crawford, John/A-3771-2012; OI Trimble, William L./0000-0001-7029-2676 NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 415C EP 418C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.110 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600074 ER PT J AU Greene, JP Levand, A Nolen, J Burtseva, T AF Greene, JP Levand, A Nolen, J Burtseva, T TI Uranium carbide fission target R&D for RIA - an update SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB For the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility, ISOL targets employing refractory compounds of uranium are being developed to produce radioactive ions for post-acceleration. The availability of refractory uranium compounds in forms that have good thermal conductivity, relatively high density, and adequate release properties for short-lived isotopes remains an important issue. Investigations using commercially obtained uranium carbide material and prepared into targets involving various binder materials have been carried out at ANL. Thin sample pellets have been produced for measurements of thermal conductivity using a new method based on electron bombardment with the thermal radiation observed using a two-color optical pyrometer and performed on samples as a function of grain size, pressing pressure and sintering temperature. Manufacture of uranium carbide powder has now been achieved at ANL. Simulations have been carried out on the thermal behavior of the secondary target assembly incorporating various heat shield configurations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM greene@anl.gov; nolen@anl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 425C EP 428C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.130 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600076 ER PT J AU Hausmann, M Vieira, DJ Ahle, L AF Hausmann, M Vieira, DJ Ahle, L TI Collection of separated isotopes for radioactive target production at RIA SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) is designed to deliver unprecedented intensities and a wide variety of radioactive beams. There is interest in collecting many of the highest intensity, long-lived (t(1/2) greater than or similar to 1 day) mass- and recoil-separated beams for the production of radioactive targets or for applications where high specific activity sources are needed. Based on an intensity of greater than or similar to 10(11)/s, collection rates of similar to 2 mug/day or more are possible. Herein, we consider the primary or parasitic collection of mass-separated beams on either the ISOL mass separator or the recoil separator. Once the desired activity is collected, it may be used directly as a target or will be moved to a hot cell for radiochemical purification and target preparation. A concept for the collection and preparation of radioactive samples is outlined. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hausmann, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hausmann@lanl.gov; vieira@lanl.gov; ahle1@llnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 429C EP 432C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.134 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600077 ER PT J AU Mustapha, B Nolen, JA Gomes, IC AF Mustapha, B Nolen, JA Gomes, IC TI Simulation of effusion from targets of tilted foils SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID ISOL TARGETS; FRAGMENTATION; BEAMS AB Replacing a target transverse to the beam by a 10 times thinner one tilted at about 6degrees from the beam direction reduces the thickness for heat transfer and diffusion by a factor of 10 while keeping the same production thickness. This concept makes the target cool faster and therefore supports higher beam power. Monte-Carlo effusion simulations of targets based on this concept were carried out to find optimum target geometries for both fast and slow diffusion materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IC Gomes Consulting & Investment Inc, Naperville, IL 60564 USA. RP Mustapha, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mustapha@phy.anl.gov; nolen@anl.gov; icgomes@icgomes.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 437C EP 440C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.150 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600079 ER PT J AU Vinogradov, NY Nolen, JA Ostroumov, PN Shepard, KW AF Vinogradov, NY Nolen, JA Ostroumov, PN Shepard, KW TI Development of a low charge-to-mass ratio injector for a RIB linac SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB A post-accelerator for rare isotopes (RIB linac) which must produce high-quality beams of radioactive ions over the full mass range, including uranium, at energies above the coulomb barrier is being developed for the U.S. RIA Facility. The linac will accept all ions in the 1+ charge state to provide the highest possible intensity of rare isotopes with masses from 6 to 240. A high-resolution separator to purify beams at the isobaric level precedes the RIB linac. Charge stripping in the linac takes place at two stages: helium gas stripping at 7 keV/u for masses below 132 and 22 keV/u for higher masses, and an additional foil stripping at similar to 1.1-2.0 MeV/u for the heavier ions. Most of the accelerating voltage in the RIB linac is provided by superconducting resonators. A very-low-charge-state injector, which is needed for the first similar to9 MV of the accelerator, will be based on room temperature accelerating structures. This section consists of a pre-buncher followed by three sections of cw RFQ. The first section is a split-coaxial RFQ operating at 12 MHz. The following two sections are hybrid RFQs (H-RFQ) operating at 12 and 24 MHz. A 1:2 scale cold model of the 12 MHz H-RFQ has been built and studied, and has resulted in the development of final specifications for the construction of the full power 12 MHz H-RFQ. Economic design of the RFQs calls for three different types of resonant structures. This paper reports on the present status of the injector design including beam optics and studies of resonant structures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vinogradov, NY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vinogradov@phy.anl.gov; nolen@anl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 445C EP 448C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.131 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600081 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Alton, GD AF Zhang, Y Alton, GD TI Beam generation at next generation RIB facilities: Conceptual design studies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID ISOTOPE ACCELERATOR PROJECT; THICK TARGETS AB In order to produce useful intensities of radioactive ion beams, ISOL targets must be designed that can withstand direct irradiation with high power beams. Computational thermal modeling techniques offer a cost effective way for evaluating prototype target concepts in the quest to find an optimum design. In this report, a number of codes are utilized to select target materials and to model the primary beam power density, thermal transport and temperature distributions in ISOL targets. These studies suggest that radiation cooling, in combination with Lissajous beam scan techniques, can be used to control temperatures in practically sized targets, to levels commensurate with irradiation with 1-GeV, 400-kW proton beams for next generation RIB facilities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangy@mail.phy.ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 449C EP 452C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.061 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600082 ER PT J AU Gomes, IC Nolen, J Reed, C AF Gomes, IC Nolen, J Reed, C TI The use of electron beam in RIA R&D SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB This paper discusses two electron beam applications for the RIA (Rare Isotope Accelerator) R&D. The first is for simulating energy deposition of heavy ions on lithium jets. The peak energy deposition for a 400-kW uranium beam will be 4 MW/cm(3). Calculations have shown that a 1-MeV electron beam with 40mA of current has a peak energy deposition about 4 MW/cm(3) making it suitable to mimic the thermal response of lithium jet at that uranium beam heat load. The second application of electron beams for RIA R&D, discussed in this paper, is the use of low energy electron beam as a diagnosis tool for on-line monitoring of thickness variations of thin foils or thin jets. Thin foils can be corroded and jets might experience instabilities that can compromise their functionality. Low energy electron beams can be used to detect any change in thickness enabling a continuous on-line monitoring of the thin film being monitored. Calculations have indicated that variations in lithium jet thicknesses at the micron level can easily be detected. C1 IC Gomes Consulting & Investment Inc, Naperville, IL USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gomes, IC (reprint author), IC Gomes Consulting & Investment Inc, 1728 Killdeer Dr, Naperville, IL USA. EM icgomes@icgomes.com; nolen@anl.gov; cbreed@anl.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 453C EP 456C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.132 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600083 ER PT J AU Beene, JR Varner, RL Baktash, C Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ del Campo, JG Halbert, ML Hausladen, PA Larochelle, Y Liang, JF Mas, J Mueller, PE Padilla-Rodal, E Radford, DC Shapira, D Stracener, DW Urrego-Blanco, JP Yu, CH AF Beene, JR Varner, RL Baktash, C Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ del Campo, JG Halbert, ML Hausladen, PA Larochelle, Y Liang, JF Mas, J Mueller, PE Padilla-Rodal, E Radford, DC Shapira, D Stracener, DW Urrego-Blanco, JP Yu, CH TI Coulomb excitation studies of Sn-132,Sn-134 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB We have measured the B(E2;0(+) --> 2(+)) for the first excited 2(+) states in the double-closed shell nucleus Sn-132 and the two-neutron nucleus Sn-134. The results, based on a preliminary analysis are shown in Fig. 1 along with measurements on the stable Sn isotopes, and earlier results on Sn-126,Sn-128,Sn-130 [1]. The experimental setup developed for the Sn-132,Sn-134 measurements was also employed in a successful measurement of B(E2;0(+) --> 2(+)) for the closed-neutron-shell nucleus Ge-82. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HRIBF, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Beene, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HRIBF, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM beenejr@ornl.gov; baktashc@ornl.gov; pmueller@anl.gov; radfordd@phy.ornl.gov; stracener@phy.ornl.gov RI radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 471C EP 474C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.143 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600087 ER PT J AU Matsuta, K Arimura, K Nagatomo, T Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Kudo, S Ogura, M Takechi, M Tanaka, K Sumikama, T Minamisono, K Miyake, T Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Kanazawa, M Torikoshi, M Suda, M Hirai, M Momota, S Nojiri, Y Sakamoto, A Saihara, M Ohtsubo, T Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Matsuta, K Arimura, K Nagatomo, T Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Kudo, S Ogura, M Takechi, M Tanaka, K Sumikama, T Minamisono, K Miyake, T Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Kanazawa, M Torikoshi, M Suda, M Hirai, M Momota, S Nojiri, Y Sakamoto, A Saihara, M Ohtsubo, T Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM TI Magnetic moment of Cl-33 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB The magnetic moment of Cl-33 (I-pi = 3/2(+), T-1/2 = 2.51 s) has been re-measured precisely by beta-NMR method. The obtained magnetic moment \mu\ = 0.7549(3) mu(N) is consistent with the old value 0.7523(16) mu(N), but is 5 times more accurate. The value is well reproduced by the shell model calculation; mu(SM) = 0.70 mu(N). Combined with the magnetic moment of the mirror partner S-33, the nuclear matrix elements , , , and were derived. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tohoku Univ, Cyclotron RI Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9808678, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2630024, Japan. Kochi Univ Technol, Tosayamada, Kochi 7828502, Japan. Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Niigata 9502102, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matsuta, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 493C EP 496C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.075 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600092 ER PT J AU Nagatomo, T Matsuta, K Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Nakashima, Y Sumikama, T Ogura, M Mihara, M Fujiwara, H Kumashiro, S Minamisono, K Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Miyake, M Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Sato, S Hirai, M Symons, TJM Krebs, GF Alonso, JR Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ Zheng, YN AF Nagatomo, T Matsuta, K Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Nakashima, Y Sumikama, T Ogura, M Mihara, M Fujiwara, H Kumashiro, S Minamisono, K Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Miyake, M Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Sato, S Hirai, M Symons, TJM Krebs, GF Alonso, JR Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ Zheng, YN TI Nuclear spin orientation of B-12,B-13 created in heavy ion collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID PROJECTILE FRAGMENTATION AB The momentum dependences of the nuclear spin polarization P and alignment A of B-12 (I-pi = 1(+), T-1/2 = 20.20 ms) [B-13 (I-pi = 3/2(-), T-1/2 = 17.36 ms)] produced in 100A MeV C-13 [N-15] + Be collisions have been measured by detecting the beta-ray asymmetry. Because both the P and A were significantly smaller than the prediction from a simple kinematical model, some depolarization mechanisms must be taken into account related with the collision process itself. Comparing the signs of the observed alignment of B-12 and B-13, the sign of the quadrupole moment Q(B-13) was determined to be positive. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tohoku Univ, Cyclotron RI Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Kochi Univ, Tosayamada, Kochi 7828502, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage, Chiba 2630024, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Nagatomo, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 505C EP 508C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.078 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600095 ER PT J AU Nagatomo, T Matsuta, K Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Nakashime, Y Sumikama, T Ogura, M Mihara, M Fujiwara, H Kumashiro, S Minamisono, K Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Miyake, M Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Sato, S Hirai, M Symons, TJM Krebs, GF Alonso, JR Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ Zheng, YN AF Nagatomo, T Matsuta, K Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Nakashime, Y Sumikama, T Ogura, M Mihara, M Fujiwara, H Kumashiro, S Minamisono, K Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Miyake, M Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Sato, S Hirai, M Symons, TJM Krebs, GF Alonso, JR Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ Zheng, YN TI Precise nuclear moments of B-13 and the beta-ray angular distribution SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS AB The nuclear moments of B-13(I-pi = 3/2(-), T-1/2 = 17.36ms) have been re-measured precisely in order to establish the spin manipulation technique for the study of the alignment correlation term in mass system A = 13. From the beta-NMR on B-13 in Pt, the magnetic moment was determined as \mu(B-13)\ = 3.1778(5)mu(N). From the beta-NQR on B-13 in TiO2, the Q moment has been determined as \Q(B-13)\ = 36.6(8)mb. We have measured the alignment correlation term alpha_E for B-13 beta decay for the first time and obtained a preliminary result as alpha_(B-13) = 0.15(12)%/MeV. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tohoku Univ, Cyclotron RI Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Kochi Univ, Kochi 7828502, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage, Chiba 2630024, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Nagatomo, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 509C EP 512C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.079 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600096 ER PT J AU Romoli, M Mazzocco, M Vardaci, E Di Pietro, M Bonetti, R De Francesco, A De Rosa, A Glodariu, T Guglielmetti, A Inglima, G La Commara, M Martin, B Pierroutsakou, D Sandoli, M Scopel, P Signorini, C Soramel, F Stroe, L Greene, J Heinz, A Henderson, D Jiang, CL Liang, JF Moore, EF Pardo, RC Rehm, KE Wuosmaa, A AF Romoli, M Mazzocco, M Vardaci, E Di Pietro, M Bonetti, R De Francesco, A De Rosa, A Glodariu, T Guglielmetti, A Inglima, G La Commara, M Martin, B Pierroutsakou, D Sandoli, M Scopel, P Signorini, C Soramel, F Stroe, L Greene, J Heinz, A Henderson, D Jiang, CL Liang, JF Moore, EF Pardo, RC Rehm, KE Wuosmaa, A TI Elastic scattering of F-17 on Pb-208 and F-17 breakup cross section at Coulomb barrier energies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB We have studied the elastic scattering of the exotic F-17 nuclei from Pb-208 at Coulomb barrier energies. For the measurement we used a new detector array with pixel structure and a large solid angle. Optical potential analysis shows that F-17 has an imaginary potential much less deep than F-19. Information on the exclusive F-17 breakup cross section has been deduced too. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Phys, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Dept Phys, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Inst Gen Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Dept Phys, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Romoli, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. RI Glodariu, Tudor/F-6676-2011; Mazzocco, Marco/J-4393-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Stroe, Lucian/A-3290-2009 OI Stroe, Lucian/0000-0002-9306-3937 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 522C EP 525C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.085 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600099 ER PT J AU Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC del Campo, JG Kozub, RL Liang, JF Ma, Z Shapira, D Smith, MS AF Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC del Campo, JG Kozub, RL Liang, JF Ma, Z Shapira, D Smith, MS TI Studies of the F-18(p, alpha)O-15 reaction rate with a F-18 beam at the HRIBF SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID RESONANCE; EMISSION; NOVAE AB The rates of the F-18(p, alpha)O-15 and F-18(p,gamma)Ne-19 reactions at T = 0.1-0.4 GK are necessary to understand the emission of positron-annihilation gamma rays expected from novae. Observations of such gamma rays by space-based telescopes would provide direct tests of nova models. These rates, however, are uncertain because of the unknown level structure of Ne-19 above the F-18+p threshold. Missing levels in Ne-19 were searched for by stopping a 24-MeV F-18 beam in a thick polypropylene target, and scattered protons were detected in a silicon-strip detector. The F-18(p, p)F-18 excitation function has been measured from E-c.m. = 0.3-1.3 MeV covering most energies of astrophysical interest, and a significant discrepancy was observed with a recent compilation of Ne-19 resonance parameters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bardayan, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 557C EP 560C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.089 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600106 ER PT J AU Smith, MS Hix, WR Parete-Koon, S Dessieux, L Ma, ZW Starrfield, S Bardayan, DW Guidry, MW Smith, DL Blackmon, JC Mezzacappa, A AF Smith, MS Hix, WR Parete-Koon, S Dessieux, L Ma, ZW Starrfield, S Bardayan, DW Guidry, MW Smith, DL Blackmon, JC Mezzacappa, A TI Element synthesis calculations for stellar explosions: robust uncertainties, sensitivities, and radioactive ion beam measurements SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB We utilize multiple-zone, post-processing element synthesis calculations to determine the impact of recent ORNL radioactive ion beam measurements on predictions of novae and X-ray burst simulations. We also assess the correlations between all relevant reaction rates and all synthesized isotopes, and translate nuclear reaction rate uncertainties into abundance prediction uncertainties, via a unique Monte Carlo technique. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 565C EP 568C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.091 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600108 ER PT J AU Smith, MS Meyer, RA Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Chae, K Guidry, MW Hix, WR Kozub, RL Lingerfelt, EJ Ma, ZW Scott, JP AF Smith, MS Meyer, RA Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Chae, K Guidry, MW Hix, WR Kozub, RL Lingerfelt, EJ Ma, ZW Scott, JP TI Nuclear data on unstable nuclei for astrophysics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID REACTION-RATES AB Recent measurements with radioactive beams at ORNL's Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) have prompted the evaluation of a number of reactions involving unstable nuclei needed for stellar explosion studies. We discuss these evaluations, as well as the development of a new computational infrastructure to enable the rapid incorporation of the latest nuclear physics results in astrophysics models. This infrastructure includes programs that simplify the generation of reaction rates, manage rate databases, and visualize reaction rates, all hosted at a new website www.nucastrodata.org. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RAME Inc, Teaticket, MA USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 569C EP 572C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.092 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600109 ER PT J AU Barrett, BR Navratil, P Nogga, A Ormand, WE Vary, JP AF Barrett, BR Navratil, P Nogga, A Ormand, WE Vary, JP TI No-Core Shell-Model calculations in light nuclei with three-nucleon forces SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB The ab initio No-Core Shell Model (NCSM) has recently been expanded to include nucleon-nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon (3N) interactions at the three-body cluster level. Here it is used to predict binding energies and spectra of p-shell nuclei based on realistic NN and 3N interactions. First results show that NN plus 3N interactions based on chiral perturbation theory lead to a realistic description of Li-6. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, POB 210081, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 579C EP 582C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.137 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600111 ER PT J AU Terasaki, J AF Terasaki, J TI QRPA study of low-lying 2(+) states of even-even nuclei in neutron-rich Sn and Ni region SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB We calculate energies E2+ and transition strengths B(E2) up arrow of the lowest 2(+) states of even Te, Sn and Ni isotopes in a neutron-rich region, using quasiparticle random phase approximation with simple separable type interactions. With those calculations reproducing the experimental systematics very well, we discuss, first, an unusual relation of E2+ and B(E2) up arrow of Te-132,Te-136 isotopes, which does not follow an empirical formula B(E2) up arrow proportional to 1/E2+. Second, B(E2) up arrow of Sn-132 is discussed which is larger than those of the neighboring even Sn. This is a phenomenon confirmed by an experiment very recently. Third, we point out that the small B(E2) up arrow of Ni-68 is due to fragmentation of the transition strength into some excited states in a low-energy region. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Terasaki, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 583C EP 586C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.094 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600112 ER PT J AU Tomaselli, M Liu, LC Fritzsche, S Kuhl, T Ursescu, D Neumayer, P Wojtaszek, A AF Tomaselli, M Liu, LC Fritzsche, S Kuhl, T Ursescu, D Neumayer, P Wojtaszek, A TI Charge radii of exotic nuclei: nuclear results versus isotopic shift calculations SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID IONS AB We study the charge radii of exotic nuclei through nuclear calculations and isotopic-shift evaluations. The computations are performed in the framework of the dynamic-correlation model DCM for nuclei with an odd number of valence particles and in the boson dynamic-correlation model (BCDM) for those with an even number of valence particles. These nuclear models take fully into consideration the correlation between valence particles as well as between valence and core particles. Consequently, these computations may reveal feature physics which is associated to the strong correlation between the valence and the core polarized states. Moreover,we propose to analyze the obtained charge radii within the isotopic shift theory in which the electronic transitions for lithium and lithium-like ions are calculated by considering the three correlated electrons described by a method similar to the nuclear DCM model. C1 GSI Darmstadt, Gesell Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Kassel, Inst Phys, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Tomaselli, M (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Gesell Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Ursescu, Daniel/F-2216-2010; Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012 OI Ursescu, Daniel/0000-0002-0612-670X; Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 587C EP 590C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.103 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600113 ER PT J AU Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC del Campo, JG Kozub, RL Liang, JF Ma, Z Shapira, D Smith, MS AF Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC del Campo, JG Kozub, RL Liang, JF Ma, Z Shapira, D Smith, MS TI Studies of the F-18(p, alpha)O-15 reaction rate with a F-18 beam at the HRIBF SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID RESONANCE; EMISSION; NOVAE AB The rates of the F-18(p, alpha)O-15 and F-18(p, gamma)Ne-19 reactions at T = 0.1-0.4 GK are necessary to understand the emission of positron-annihilation gamma rays expected from novae. Observations of such gamma rays by space-based telescopes would provide direct tests of nova models. These rates, however, are uncertain because of the unknown level structure of Ne-19 above the F-18+p threshold. Missing levels in Ne-19 were searched for by stopping a 24-MeV F-18 beam in a thick polypropylene target, and scattered protons were detected in a silicon-strip detector. The F-18(p,p)F-18 excitation function has been measured from E-c.m. = 0.3 - 1.3 MeV covering most energies of astrophysical interest, and a significant discrepancy was observed with a recent compilation of Ne-19 resonance parameters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bardayan, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 593C EP 596C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.095 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600114 ER PT J AU Morel, P Daugas, JM Gosselin, G Meot, V Gogny, D AF Morel, P Daugas, JM Gosselin, G Meot, V Gogny, D TI Nuclear excitation by electronic processes: NEEC and NEET effects SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; STATISTICAL TREATMENT; PLASMAS; TRANSITIONS AB The nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC) and nuclear excitation by electronic transition (NEET), and related de-excitation, are two important electromagnetic processes to modify the nuclear state populations. In this paper, we present, on one hand, an experiment, accepted at GANIL (France) in September 2004, to measure the NEEC effect with a fully stripped Fe-57 ion beam and, on the other hand, a complete calculation leading to the NEET rate of the first excited state of the U-235 in a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) plasma. C1 Serv Phys Nucl, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Morel, P (reprint author), Serv Phys Nucl, Commissariat Energie Atom, Boite Postale 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 608C EP 612C PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600117 ER PT J AU Nassar, H Chelberg, S Paul, M Dababneh, S Heil, M Kappeler, F Plag, R Ahmad, I Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Jiang, CL Pardo, RC Pennington, T Rehm, KE Scott, R Sinha, S Tang, X Vondrasek, R Koivisto, H Berkovits, D Bettan, M Reifarth, R Collon, P O'Brien, S Patronis, N AF Nassar, H Chelberg, S Paul, M Dababneh, S Heil, M Kappeler, F Plag, R Ahmad, I Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Jiang, CL Pardo, RC Pennington, T Rehm, KE Scott, R Sinha, S Tang, X Vondrasek, R Koivisto, H Berkovits, D Bettan, M Reifarth, R Collon, P O'Brien, S Patronis, N TI Production and isobaric separation of Ni-63 ions for determination of the Ni-62(n, gamma) Ni-63 reaction cross section at stellar temperatures SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID S-PROCESS; CAPTURE; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN USA. Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Nassar, H (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RI Patronis, Nikolaos/A-3836-2008; Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016; Dababneh, Saed/E-7281-2017 OI Dababneh, Saed/0000-0002-7376-1084 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 613C EP 616C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.140 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600118 ER PT J AU Smith, MB Walker, PM Chakrawarthy, RS Austin, RAE Ball, GC Carroll, JJ Cunningham, E Finlay, P Garrett, PE Grinyer, GF Hackman, G Hyland, B Koopmans, K Kulp, WD Leslie, JR Phillips, AA Propri, R Regan, PH Sarazin, F Schumaker, MA Scraggs, HC Shizuma, T Svensson, CE von Schwarzenberg, J Waddington, JC Ward, D Wood, JL Washbrook, B Zganjar, EF AF Smith, MB Walker, PM Chakrawarthy, RS Austin, RAE Ball, GC Carroll, JJ Cunningham, E Finlay, P Garrett, PE Grinyer, GF Hackman, G Hyland, B Koopmans, K Kulp, WD Leslie, JR Phillips, AA Propri, R Regan, PH Sarazin, F Schumaker, MA Scraggs, HC Shizuma, T Svensson, CE von Schwarzenberg, J Waddington, JC Ward, D Wood, JL Washbrook, B Zganjar, EF TI Studies of high-K isomers at TRIUMF-ISAC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID NUCLEI AB The properties of high-K isomers have been investigated by measuring gamma rays from a source of the 31-year Hf-178(m2) isomer and from the decay of implanted Lu-178,Lu-179 beams. Low-intensity transitions have been identified in the decay of Hf-178(m2), demonstrating a consistent extension of K-hindrance systematics to higher multipolarities, and elucidating the spin-dependence of the mixing between the two K-pi = 8(-) bands. A search is underway for new isomers in Lu-178,Lu-179 and the preliminary results of the analysis are reported. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 617C EP 620C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600119 ER PT J AU Wang, JC Savard, G Sharma, KS Clark, JA Zhou, Z Levand, AF Boudreau, C Buchinger, F Crawford, JE Greene, JP Gulick, S Lee, JKP Sprouse, D Trimble, W Vaz, J Zabransky, BZ AF Wang, JC Savard, G Sharma, KS Clark, JA Zhou, Z Levand, AF Boudreau, C Buchinger, F Crawford, JE Greene, JP Gulick, S Lee, JKP Sprouse, D Trimble, W Vaz, J Zabransky, BZ TI The Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab AB The Canadian Penning Trap (CPT) mass spectrometer located at the ATLAS facility of Argonne National Laboratory is an online Penning trap system used for mass measurements of high accuracy on short-lived isotopes. It uses a gas catcher as a novel way to transform radioactive ions efficiently from different sources into cooled beams which are injected into ion traps for further preparation and measurement. The CPT has recently been successfully used to make precise mass measurements on over 40 neutron-rich and neutron-deficient radioactive nuclides related to astrophysical processes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wang, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Crawford, John/A-3771-2012; OI Trimble, William L./0000-0001-7029-2676 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 651C EP 654C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.044 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600127 ER PT J AU Hausmann, M Vieira, DJ Wu, J Zhao, X Boulay, MG Hime, A AF Hausmann, M Vieira, DJ Wu, J Zhao, X Boulay, MG Hime, A TI Beta-asymmetry studies on polarized Rb-82 atoms in a TOP trap SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID PARITY CONSERVATION; DECAY AB Atoms of Rb-82 (t(1/2) = 76 s) confined in a time-orbiting-potential (TOP) magnetic trap make a favorable source for beta-asymmetry studies by providing an essentially massless source of highly polarized atoms. An offline mass separator is coupled to a double magneto-optical trap (MOT) and TOP trap system. Once in the TOP trap the magnetic trap's rotating bias field defines the polarization axis and allows one to measure the correlation between the nuclear spin direction and the beta emission direction using a single positron detector. A proof-of-principle experiment using this method has demonstrated that the parity violating ((β) over right arrow (.)(J) over right arrow) correlation can be studied. Here we outline improvements to the experiment with the goal of a 1% measurement of the beta-asymmetry correlation parameter A in the Gamow-Teller decay of Rb-82 which in the semi-leptonic sector would pose a competitive test of the Standard Model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hausmann, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hausmann@LANL.GOV NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 669C EP 672C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.133 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600131 ER PT J AU Scielzo, ND Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Kominis, I Maruyama, R Vetter, PA Vieregg, JR AF Scielzo, ND Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Kominis, I Maruyama, R Vetter, PA Vieregg, JR TI Detecting shake-off electron-ion coincidences to measure beta-decay correlations in laser trapped Na-21 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab ID ATOMS AB The properties of a neutral atom trap are nearly ideal for precise measurements of nuclear beta-decay correlation coefficients. Following a radioactive decay, all particles emerge from the trap volume unperturbed and are available for study. However, for measurements online at existing accelerators, sufficient statistics will be difficult to acquire if precision significantly better than 0.01 in the correlation coefficients is desired. We have investigated the feasibility of detecting shake-off electrons in coincidence with the recoiling ions to decrease the statistical uncertainty of some measurements by nearly an order of magnitude. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kominis, Iannis/C-5515-2011; Vieregg, Jeffrey/D-7046-2012 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 746 BP 677C EP 680C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.048 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 878YE UT WOS:000225682600133 ER PT J AU Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Omenetto, FG Yulin, AV Joly, NY Biancalana, F Skryabin, DV Knight, JC Russell, PS AF Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Omenetto, FG Yulin, AV Joly, NY Biancalana, F Skryabin, DV Knight, JC Russell, PS TI Time-spectrally-resolved ultrafast nonlinear dynamics in small-core photonic crystal fibers: Experiment and modelling SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID GROUP-DISPERSION WAVELENGTH; HIGHER-ORDER DISPERSION; OPTICAL-FIBERS; MICROSTRUCTURED FIBERS; CONTINUUM GENERATION; SOLITONS; ZERO; PULSES; RADIATION AB Nonlinear dynamics of ultrashort optical pulses in the vicinity of the second zero-dispersion point of a small-core photonic crystal fiber is visualized and studied using cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating. New spectral features observed in the experiments match well with recent theoretical predictions of the generation of new frequencies via mixing of solitons and dispersive waves. Power-as well as length-dependent dynamics is obtained showing strong interaction between solitons and dispersive waves, soliton-soliton interaction, soliton stabilization against Raman self-frequency shift and Cherenkov continuum generation. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM efimov@lanl.gov; d.v.skryabin@bath.ac.uk RI Biancalana, Fabio/C-2377-2008; Knight, Jonathan/D-3879-2011; Russell, Philip/G-5132-2012; Yulin, Alexey/M-9613-2013; Joly, Nicolas/D-3715-2011; Yulin, Alexey/B-6139-2015 OI Biancalana, Fabio/0000-0002-4093-7688; Efimov, Anatoly/0000-0002-5559-4147; Knight, Jonathan/0000-0002-0802-8804; Russell, Philip/0000-0002-8972-2477; Yulin, Alexey/0000-0002-0739-0764; Yulin, Alexey/0000-0002-2403-6564 NR 17 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 26 BP 6498 EP 6507 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.006498 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 884MX UT WOS:000226090600012 PM 19488300 ER PT J AU Cina, JA Fleming, GR AF Cina, JA Fleming, GR TI Vibrational coherence transfer and trapping as sources for long-lived quantum beats in polarized emission from energy transfer complexes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION TRANSFER; CHROMOPHORE PAIRS; ANTENNA COMPLEX; B820 SUBUNIT; LH-1 ANTENNA AB We entertain vibrational coherence transfer and related processes as possible sources for certain long-lived quantum beats observed in time-resolved polarized emission signals from photosynthetic light harvesting complexes. Signal calculations on a dimer model in which each chromophore supports a single vibrational mode show that coherence transfer to the acceptor and coherence trapping in the donor can increase the longevity of vibronic quantum beats beyond the time-scale for electronic energy exchange. These mechanisms imply an active role for coherent vibrational motion in the time-course of ultrafast energy transfer and suggest that external control over vibrations may provide a means for influencing the transport of electronic excitations. The effects of vibrational coherence transfer and trapping on excitation transfer are most vivid when the excitation-vibration coupling strength exceeds that for energy transfer. In light of the strong transfer coupling of photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, we also examine the adiabatic energy-transfer regime, in which the relative coupling strengths are reversed. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, Oregon Ctr Opt, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cina, JA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM cina@uoregon.edu; grfleming@lbl.gov NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 51 BP 11196 EP 11208 DI 10.1021/jp047015u PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 880OK UT WOS:000225798900006 ER PT J AU Eckert, J Sewell, TD Kress, JD Kober, EM Wang, LL Olah, G AF Eckert, J Sewell, TD Kress, JD Kober, EM Wang, LL Olah, G TI Vibrational analysis of the inelastic neutron scattering spectrum of tetramethylammonium borohydride by molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TETRAALKYLAMMONIUM BOROHYDRIDES; MODEL PEPTIDE; ION; SALTS; TETRAFLUOROBORATE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SPECTROMETER AB The vibrational spectra of three isotopomers of tetramethyl ammonium borohydride (TMAB) as well as of tetramethylammonium borofluoride were measured at 15 K by inelastic neutron scattering (INS). Direct analysis of the measured spectra was accomplished using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and ab initio electronic structure theory for the crystalline solid. Comparison of observed and computed INS spectra revealed that the periodic electronic structure calculations for the crystalline solid provide a good description of the experimental INS spectrum and clearly demonstrates the power of this combined experimental/theoretical approach. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 51 BP 11369 EP 11374 DI 10.1021/jp048479v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 880OK UT WOS:000225798900028 ER PT J AU LaViolette, RA Glass, RJ Peak, D Stoner, DL AF LaViolette, RA Glass, RJ Peak, D Stoner, DL TI Self-organized network of chemical reactions: A model of contaminated converging and diverging flows in fractured media SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FLOW; VADOSE ZONE; INTERSECTIONS; PERCOLATION; EVOLUTION; PATHWAYS; SYSTEM AB A self-organized "tipping bucket model" of driven flow in fractured media was employed to study the degradation of contaminant by a dynamic population of traps representing microbial activity in the subsurface. For divergent flows, an increase in the degradation rate by an order of magnitude decreased the contaminant concentration in the exiting drips by at most one-third, but for convergent flows, the increased degradation rate did not significantly reduce the contaminant concentration. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP LaViolette, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM yaq@inel.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 51 BP 19657 EP 19662 DI 10.1021/jp0476500 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 880ON UT WOS:000225799200013 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW Chernobrod, BM AF Milonni, PW Chernobrod, BM TI Device physics - Microlever chilled out SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RADIATION C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Milonni, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pwm@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7020 BP 965 EP 965 DI 10.1038/432965a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 881RL UT WOS:000225887000027 PM 15616547 ER PT J AU Martin, J Han, C Gordon, LA Terry, A Prabhakar, S She, XW Xie, G Hellsten, U Chan, YM Altherr, M Couronne, O Aerts, A Bajorek, E Black, S Blumer, H Branscomb, E Brown, NC Bruno, WJ Buckingham, JM Callen, DF Campbell, CS Campbell, ML Campbell, EW Caoile, C Challacombe, JF Chasteen, LA Chertkov, O Chi, HC Christensen, M Clark, LM Cohn, JD Denys, M Detter, JC Dickson, M Dimitrijevic-Bussod, M Escobar, J Fawcett, JJ Flowers, D Fotopulos, D Glavina, T Gomez, M Gonzales, E Goodstein, D Goodwin, LA Grady, DL Grigoriev, I Groza, M Hammon, N Hawkins, T Haydu, L Hildebrand, CE Huang, W Israni, S Jett, J Jewett, PB Kadner, K Kimball, H Kobayashi, A Krawczyk, MC Leyba, T Longmire, JL Lopez, F Lou, YN Lowry, S Ludeman, T Manohar, CF Mark, GA McMurray, KL Meincke, LJ Morgan, J Moyzis, RK Mundt, MO Munk, AC Nandkeshwar, RD Pitluck, S Pollard, M Predki, P Parson-Quintana, B Ramirez, L Rash, S Retterer, J Ricke, DO Robinson, DL Rodriguez, A Salamov, A Saunders, EH Scott, D Shough, T Stallings, RL Stalvey, M Sutherland, RD Tapia, R Tesmer, JG Thayer, N Thompson, LS Tice, H Torney, DC Tran-Gyamfi, M Tsai, M Ulanovsky, LE Ustaszewska, A Vo, N White, PS Williams, AL Wills, PL Wu, JR Wu, K Yang, J DeJong, P Bruce, D Doggett, NA Deaven, L Schmutz, J Grimwood, J Richardson, P Rokhsar, DS Eichler, EE Gilna, P Lucas, SM Myers, RM Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA AF Martin, J Han, C Gordon, LA Terry, A Prabhakar, S She, XW Xie, G Hellsten, U Chan, YM Altherr, M Couronne, O Aerts, A Bajorek, E Black, S Blumer, H Branscomb, E Brown, NC Bruno, WJ Buckingham, JM Callen, DF Campbell, CS Campbell, ML Campbell, EW Caoile, C Challacombe, JF Chasteen, LA Chertkov, O Chi, HC Christensen, M Clark, LM Cohn, JD Denys, M Detter, JC Dickson, M Dimitrijevic-Bussod, M Escobar, J Fawcett, JJ Flowers, D Fotopulos, D Glavina, T Gomez, M Gonzales, E Goodstein, D Goodwin, LA Grady, DL Grigoriev, I Groza, M Hammon, N Hawkins, T Haydu, L Hildebrand, CE Huang, W Israni, S Jett, J Jewett, PB Kadner, K Kimball, H Kobayashi, A Krawczyk, MC Leyba, T Longmire, JL Lopez, F Lou, YN Lowry, S Ludeman, T Manohar, CF Mark, GA McMurray, KL Meincke, LJ Morgan, J Moyzis, RK Mundt, MO Munk, AC Nandkeshwar, RD Pitluck, S Pollard, M Predki, P Parson-Quintana, B Ramirez, L Rash, S Retterer, J Ricke, DO Robinson, DL Rodriguez, A Salamov, A Saunders, EH Scott, D Shough, T Stallings, RL Stalvey, M Sutherland, RD Tapia, R Tesmer, JG Thayer, N Thompson, LS Tice, H Torney, DC Tran-Gyamfi, M Tsai, M Ulanovsky, LE Ustaszewska, A Vo, N White, PS Williams, AL Wills, PL Wu, JR Wu, K Yang, J DeJong, P Bruce, D Doggett, NA Deaven, L Schmutz, J Grimwood, J Richardson, P Rokhsar, DS Eichler, EE Gilna, P Lucas, SM Myers, RM Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA TI The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BAC CONTIG MAP; HUMAN-GENOME; DNA-SEQUENCE; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; HUMAN CHROMOSOME-16; EVOLUTIONARY RATES; PHYSICAL MAP; RECOMBINATION; CONSTRUCTION; ELEMENTS AB Human chromosome 16 features one of the highest levels of segmentally duplicated sequence among the human autosomes. We report here the 78,884,754 base pairs of finished chromosome 16 sequence, representing over 99.9% of its euchromatin. Manual annotation revealed 880 protein-coding genes confirmed by 1,670 aligned transcripts, 19 transfer RNA genes, 341 pseudogenes and three RNA pseudogenes. These genes include metallothionein, cadherin and iroquois gene families, as well as the disease genes for polycystic kidney disease and acute myelomonocytic leukaemia. Several large-scale structural polymorphisms spanning hundreds of kilobase pairs were identified and result in gene content differences among humans. Whereas the segmental duplications of chromosome 16 are enriched in the relatively gene-poor pericentromere of the p arm, some are involved in recent gene duplication and conversion events that are likely to have had an impact on the evolution of primates and human disease susceptibility. C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford Human Genome Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Ave, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM emrubin@lbl.gov; LAPennacchio@lbl.gov RI Stallings, Raymond/A-7213-2008; Couronne, Olivier Couronne/G-1244-2012; Callen, David/G-1975-2012; Gilna, Paul/I-3608-2016; OI Gilna, Paul/0000-0002-6542-0191; Callen, David/0000-0002-6189-9991; Ricke, Darrell/0000-0002-2842-2809 NR 48 TC 78 Z9 576 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7020 BP 988 EP 994 DI 10.1038/nature03187 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 881RL UT WOS:000225887000032 PM 15616553 ER PT J AU Kodama, R Sentoku, Y Chen, ZL Kumar, GR Hatchett, SP Toyama, Y Cowan, TE Freeman, RR Fuchs, J Izawa, Y Key, MH Kitagawa, Y Kondo, K Matsuoka, T Nakamura, H Nakatsutsumi, M Norreys, PA Norimatsu, T Snavely, RA Stephens, RB Tampo, M Tanaka, KA Yabuuchi, T AF Kodama, R Sentoku, Y Chen, ZL Kumar, GR Hatchett, SP Toyama, Y Cowan, TE Freeman, RR Fuchs, J Izawa, Y Key, MH Kitagawa, Y Kondo, K Matsuoka, T Nakamura, H Nakatsutsumi, M Norreys, PA Norimatsu, T Snavely, RA Stephens, RB Tampo, M Tanaka, KA Yabuuchi, T TI Plasma devices to guide and collimate a high density of MeV electrons SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FAST IGNITER RESEARCH; INTENSE LASERS; HOT-ELECTRONS; FUSION AB The development of ultra-intense lasers(1) has facilitated new studies in laboratory astrophysics(2) and high-density nuclear science(3), including laser fusion(4-7). Such research relies on the efficient generation of enormous numbers of high-energy charged particles. For example, laser - matter interactions at petawatt (10(15) W) power levels can create pulses of MeV electrons(8-10) with current densities as large as 10(12) A cm(-2). However, the divergence of these particle beams(5) usually reduces the current density to a few times 10(6) A cm(-2) at distances of the order of centimetres from the source. The invention of devices that can direct such intense, pulsed energetic beams will revolutionize their applications. Here we report high-conductivity devices consisting of transient plasmas that increase the energy density of MeV electrons generated in laser - matter interactions by more than one order of magnitude. A plasma fibre created on a hollow-cone target guides and collimates electrons in a manner akin to the control of light by an optical fibre and collimator. Such plasma devices hold promise for applications using high energy-density particles and should trigger growth in charged particle optics. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Osaka Univ, Fac Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA, CNRS,UMR 7605,Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Kodama, R (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-6 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM ryo@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Toyama, Yusuke/H-8023-2012; Tampo, Motonobu/I-2897-2012; Norimatsu, Takayoshi/I-5710-2015; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014; OI Toyama, Yusuke/0000-0003-3230-1062; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 17 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7020 BP 1005 EP 1008 DI 10.1038/nature03133 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 881RL UT WOS:000225887000035 PM 15616556 ER PT J AU Ackerman, AS Kirkpatrick, MP Stevens, DE Toon, OB AF Ackerman, AS Kirkpatrick, MP Stevens, DE Toon, OB TI The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITY; SHIP TRACKS; STRATOCUMULUS; MICROPHYSICS; ALBEDO; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SIMULATION AB Some of the global warming from anthropogenic greenhouse gases is offset by increased reflection of solar radiation by clouds with smaller droplets that form in air polluted with aerosol particles that serve as cloud condensation nuclei(1). The resulting cooling tendency, termed the indirect aerosol forcing, is thought to be comparable in magnitude to the forcing by anthropogenic CO2, but it is difficult to estimate because the physical processes that determine global aerosol and cloud populations are poorly understood(2). Smaller cloud droplets not only reflect sunlight more effectively, but also inhibit precipitation, which is expected to result in increased cloud water(3,4). Such an increase in cloud water would result in even more reflective clouds, further increasing the indirect forcing. Marine boundary-layer clouds polluted by aerosol particles, however, are not generally observed to hold more water(5-7). Here we simulate stratocumulus clouds with a fluid dynamics model that includes detailed treatments of cloud microphysics and radiative transfer. Our simulations show that the response of cloud water to suppression of precipitation from increased droplet concentrations is determined by a competition between moistening from decreased surface precipitation and drying from increased entrainment of overlying air. Only when the overlying air is humid or droplet concentrations are very low does sufficient precipitation reach the surface to allow cloud water to increase with droplet concentrations. Otherwise, the response of cloud water to aerosol-induced suppression of precipitation is dominated by enhanced entrainment of overlying dry air. In this scenario, cloud water is reduced as droplet concentrations increase, which diminishes the indirect climate forcing. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94552 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ackerman, AS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.ackerman@nasa.gov RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Kirkpatrick, Michael/0000-0002-7157-6440 NR 33 TC 266 Z9 273 U1 2 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7020 BP 1014 EP 1017 DI 10.1038/nature03174 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 881RL UT WOS:000225887000038 PM 15616559 ER PT J AU Page, KL Proffen, T McLain, SE Darling, TW TenCate, JA AF Page, KL Proffen, T McLain, SE Darling, TW TenCate, JA TI Local atomic structure of Fontainebleau sandstone: Evidence for an amorphous phase? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB Rocks are traditionally viewed as crystallite aggregates; in general the treatment of the composition and mechanical properties never includes solid noncrystalline components. Such glass-like materials are difficult to detect in small quantities by standard techniques (e.g., thin-section polarimetry, x-ray diffraction) but if they exist at critical locations (i.e. grain contacts) they could affect the behavior of rocks considerably. Neutron scattering measurements on a solid sample of Fontainebleau sandstone have shown clear evidence for the presence of an unexpected glass-like component. Atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis shows significant local structural deviations from pure quartz. These deviations appear as an excess of 5-10% of nearest neighbor (NN) Si-O and O-O bonds, which is consistent with a 5-10% volume fraction of vitreous silica. These measurements may provide significant information about the still-unexplained causes for the peculiar mechanics and dynamics of sedimentary rocks. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, KL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tproffen@lanl.gov RI Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; McLain, Sylvia/0000-0002-3347-7759 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 24 AR L24606 DI 10.1029/2004GL021717 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 883PK UT WOS:000226026300007 ER PT J AU Peper, SM Brodnax, LF Field, SE Zehnder, RA Valdez, SN Runde, WH AF Peper, SM Brodnax, LF Field, SE Zehnder, RA Valdez, SN Runde, WH TI Kinetic study of the oxidative dissolution of UO2 in aqueous carbonate media SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SPENT FUEL DISSOLUTION; URANIUM METAL FOIL; NUCLEAR-FUEL; THERMOANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; ALPHA-RADIOLYSIS; UNIRRADIATED UO2; NITRIC-ACID AB The oxidative dissolution of uranium(IV) dioxide powder at room temperature in aqueous carbonate media has been investigated. Kinetic studies evaluating the efficacy of various oxidants, including K2S2O8, NaOCl, and H2O2, for dissolving UO2 in alkaline solution have been performed, with H2O2 exhibiting the most rapid initial dissolution at 0.1 M oxidant concentrations. This result is due in part to the ability of peroxide to act as both an oxidant and a ligand under alkaline conditions. A spectrophotometric titration was used to confirm peroxide coordination to the U(VI) metal center. The disappearance of characteristic absorbance maxima associated with UO2(CO3)(3)(4-) (e.g., 448.5 nm) and a subsequent change in solution coloration upon titration with hydrogen peroxide indicated a change in speciation. Optimization of the hydrogen peroxide concentration indicated that the initial rate of uranium oxidation increased with increasing peroxide concentration, with a maximum reaction rate estimated at about 0.9 M peroxide. In addition, the effects of both the carbonate countercation and the carbonate concentration were also studied. It was determined that for 40 mg UO2 0.5 M Na2CO3 was the most propitious choice, exhibiting both a high initial dissolution rate and the highest UO2 dissolution capacity among the systems studied. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem & Nucl Mat Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Runde, WH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem & Nucl Mat Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM runde@lanl.gov NR 47 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 26 BP 8188 EP 8193 DI 10.1021/ie049457y PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 882LO UT WOS:000225940600007 ER PT J AU Campbell, L Mukamel, S AF Campbell, L Mukamel, S TI Simulation of x-ray absorption near edge spectra of electronically excited ruthenium tris-2,2 '-bipyridine SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; METALS; SINGULARITIES; CRYSTAL; STATES AB The L-3 edge x-ray absorption near edge spectrum (XANES) of the ground electronic state and the metal to ligand charge transfer state of ruthenium tris-2,2'-bipyridine is calculated. The final valence states and energies in the presence of the photoelectron and core hole, and the corresponding transition intensities are computed using time dependent density functional theory with the Becke three-parameter density functional with the Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional. Calculations show a valence shift of the primary XANES peak and the appearance of the new XANES transition to the hole created by the optical excitation, in agreement with experiment [M. Saes, C. Bressler, R. Abela, D. Grolimund, S. L. Johnson, P. A. Heimann, and M. Chergui, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 047403 (2003)]. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM smukamel@uci.edu NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 24 BP 12323 EP 12333 DI 10.1063/1.1814101 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 879JQ UT WOS:000225714500023 PM 15606251 ER PT J AU Bordallo, HN Herwig, KW Luther, BM Levinger, NE AF Bordallo, HN Herwig, KW Luther, BM Levinger, NE TI Quasi-elastic neutron scattering study of dimethyl-sulfoxide-water mixtures: Probing molecular mobility in a nonideal solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SUPERCOOLED WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; X-RAY; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE; SYSTEM; DMSO; DIMETHYLSULPHOXIDE; RELAXATION AB The translational and rotational motions of water and dimethyl sulfoxide, [DMSO, (CH3)(2)SO] have been investigated using quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Water-DMSO mixtures at five DMSO mole fractions, chi(DMSO), ranging from 0 to 0.75, were measured. Hydrogen-deuterium substitution was used to extract independently the water proton dynamics (d-DMSO-H2O), the DMSO methyl proton dynamics (h-DMSO-D2O) and to obtain background corrections (d-DMSO-D2O). The translational diffusion of water slows down significantly compared to bulk water at all chi(DMSO)>0. The rotational time constant for water exhibits a maximum at chi(DMSO)=0.33 that corresponds to the observed maximum of the viscosity of the mixture. Data for DMSO can be analyzed in terms of a relatively slow tumbling of the molecule about its center-of-mass in conjunction with random translational diffusion. The rotational time constant for this motion exhibits some dependence on chi(DMSO), while the translational diffusion constant shows no clear variation for chi(DMSO)>0. The results presented reinforce the idea that due to the stronger associative nature of DMSO, DMSO-water aggregates are formed over the whole composition range, disturbing the tetrahedral natural arrangement of the water molecules. As a consequence adding DMSO to water causes a drastic slowing down of the dynamics of the water molecule, and vice versa. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bordallo, HN (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, SFl Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM bordallo@hmi.de RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012 OI Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 24 BP 12457 EP 12464 DI 10.1063/1.1823391 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 879JQ UT WOS:000225714500038 PM 15606266 ER PT J AU Jobson, BT Berkowitz, CM Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Williams, EJ Fesenfeld, FC Apel, EC Karl, T Lonneman, WA Riemer, D AF Jobson, BT Berkowitz, CM Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Williams, EJ Fesenfeld, FC Apel, EC Karl, T Lonneman, WA Riemer, D TI Hydrocarbon source signatures in Houston, Texas: Influence of the petrochemical industry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbons; sources; variability ID VARIABILITY-LIFETIME RELATIONSHIP; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-QUALITY; SOURCE RECONCILIATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; RESIDENCE TIME; GAS-PHASE AB Observations of C-1-C-10 hydrocarbon mixing ratios measured by in situ instrumentation at the La Porte super site during the TexAQS 2000 field experiment are reported. The La Porte data were compared to a roadway vehicle exhaust signature obtained from canister samples collected in the Houston Washburn tunnel during the same summer to better understand the impact of petrochemical emissions of hydrocarbons at the site. It is shown that the abundance of ethene, propene, 1-butene, C-2-C-4 alkanes, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, isopropylbenzene, and styrene at La Porte were systematically affected by petrochemical industry emissions. Coherent power law relationships between frequency distribution widths of hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their local lifetimes clearly identify two major source groups, roadway vehicle emissions and industrial emissions. Distributions of most aromatics and long chain alkanes were consistent with roadway vehicle emissions as the dominant source. Air mass reactivity was generally dominated by C-1-C-3 aldehydes. Propene and ethene sometimes dominated air mass reactivity with HO loss frequencies often greater than 10 s(-1). Ozone mixing ratios near 200 ppbv were observed on two separate occasions, and these air masses appear to have been affected by industrial emissions of alkenes from the Houston Ship Channel. The La Porte data provide evidence of the importance of industrial emissions of ethene and propene on air mass reactivity and ozone formation in Houston. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80020 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tom.jobson@pnl.gov RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588 NR 44 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24305 DI 10.1029/2004JD004887 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 883PP UT WOS:000226026900001 ER PT J AU Kang, JS Olson, CG Kwon, YS Han, SW Kim, KH Sekiyama, A Kasai, S Suga, S Min, BI AF Kang, JS Olson, CG Kwon, YS Han, SW Kim, KH Sekiyama, A Kasai, S Suga, S Min, BI TI Photoemission study of carriers and Ce 4f spectral weight in CeTe2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSPORT AB The electronic structure of CeTe2 has been investigated by performing high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (PES) measurements on high-quality stoichiometric single crystals of CeTe2. The Ce 3d XAS measurement indicates that the Ce ions are trivalent. The Ce 4f PES spectrum reveals two-peak structures with the Ce 4f bulk hybridization peak located around 0.8 eV below E-F. The high-resolution, high-energy, bulk-sensitive PES study of CeTe2 provides evidence for a metallic density of states near E-F. The carriers near EF consist mainly of Ce 5d and Te(1) 5p states, while the contribution from the Cc 4f and Te(2) 5p states is negligible. This finding agrees with the CDW instability in the Te(1) sheets. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chinju 660701, South Korea. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Phys Mat, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Kang, JS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. RI Sekiyama, Akira/G-1851-2016 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 50 BP 9163 EP 9168 AR PII S0953-8984(04)85740-0 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/50/007 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 887GD UT WOS:000226292800010 ER PT J AU Roeselova, M Vieceli, J Dang, LX Garrett, BC Tobias, DJ AF Roeselova, M Vieceli, J Dang, LX Garrett, BC Tobias, DJ TI Hydroxyl radical at the air-water interface SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRAIN/FLOW-REACTOR TECHNIQUE; GAS-PHASE FLOW; MASS-ACCOMMODATION PROCESSES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION ANALYSIS; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; OH; COEFFICIENTS; SIMULATION; SOLVATION C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Roeselova, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM martina.roeselova@uochb.cas.cz; dtobias@uci.edu RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Roeselova, Martina/B-1029-2012; Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 NR 22 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 50 BP 16308 EP 16309 DI 10.1021/ja045552m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880RZ UT WOS:000225808200017 PM 15600317 ER PT J AU Shan, L Vincent, J Brunzelle, JS Dussault, I Lin, M Ianculescu, I Sherman, MA Forman, BM Fernandez, EJ AF Shan, L Vincent, J Brunzelle, JS Dussault, I Lin, M Ianculescu, I Sherman, MA Forman, BM Fernandez, EJ TI Structure of the murine constitutive androstane receptor complexed to androstenol: A molecular basis for inverse agonism SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; RETINOIC ACID; HETERODIMERIC COMPLEX; BILIRUBIN CLEARANCE; NATURAL LIGAND; RXR-ALPHA; CAR AB The nuclear receptor CAR is a xenoblotic responsive transcription factor that plays a central role in the clearance of drugs and bilirubin while promoting cocaine and acetaminophen toxicity. In addition, CAR has established a "reverse" paradigm of nuclear receptor action where the receptor is active in the absence of ligand and inactive when bound to inverse agonists. We now report the crystal structure of murine CAR bound to the inverse agonist androstenol. Androstenol binds within the ligand binding pocket, but unlike many nuclear receptor ligands, it makes no contacts with helix H12/AF2. The transition from constitutive to basal activity (androstenol bound) appears to be associated with a ligand-induced kink between helices H10 and H11. This disrupts the previously predicted salt bridge that locks H12 in the transcriptionally active conformation. This mechanism of inverse agonism is distinct from traditional nuclear receptor antagonists thereby offering a new approach to receptor modulation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Northwestern Univ, Adv Photon Source, Life Sci Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Ctr Gene Regulat & Drug Discovery, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. RP Fernandez, EJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM elias.fernandez@utk.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK066394, R01 DK066394-01A2] NR 42 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 907 EP 917 DI 10.1016/S1097-2765(04)00728-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 882IR UT WOS:000225933100006 PM 15610734 ER PT J AU Zinovev, AV Elam, JW Moore, JF Hryn, JN Auciello, O Carlisle, JA Pellin, MJ AF Zinovev, AV Elam, JW Moore, JF Hryn, JN Auciello, O Carlisle, JA Pellin, MJ TI Coating of SiC surface by thin carbon films using the carbide-derived carbon process SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE SiC surface; thin carbon films; carbide-derived carbon ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FILMS; SILICON-CARBIDE; MICROWAVE-PLASMA; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; CHLORINATION; CERAMICS; GRAPHITE; GROWTH AB The conversion of silicon carbide surfaces into carbon upon exposure to a helium-chlorine-hydrogen gas mixture was studied. During this process, the more energetically favored reaction of Cl-2 with Si rather than C causes the selective etching of silicon from the SiC surface and leads to the formation of a carbide-derived carbon (CDC) film. Surfaces of single crystal SiC wafers as well as industrial polycrystalline alpha-SiC ceramics were treated using different gas concentrations at various temperatures. The resulting CDC films were analyzed using Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XPS analysis of carbon C1s fundamental peak and valence band spectra revealed that the CDC films are not phase pure but consist of a mixture of sp(2) and sp(3) bonded carbon. A strong difference in the nature of the CDC process for different types of SiC materials (single crystal or industrial ceramics) was observed, which may result from the different SiC grain boundary conditions and surface morphology effects in these materials. The CDC films were also tested for suitability as seed layers for the subsequent growth of ultrananocrystallie diamond films. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zinovev, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zinovev@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 469 SI SI BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.08.165 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879NK UT WOS:000225724300025 ER EF