FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sivadinarayana, C Choudhary, TV Daemen, LL Eckert, J Goodman, DW AF Sivadinarayana, C Choudhary, TV Daemen, LL Eckert, J Goodman, DW TI The nature of the surface species formed on Au/TiO2 during the reaction of H-2 and O-2: An inelastic neutron scattering study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GOLD; CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN; OXIDATION; COMPLEX; CO C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Goodman, DW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM goodman@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 18 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 11 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 38 EP 39 DI 10.1021/ja0381398 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761ZM UT WOS:000187945400019 PM 14709048 ER PT J AU Funk, T Gu, WW Friedrich, S Wang, HX Gencic, S Grahame, DA Cramer, SP AF Funk, T Gu, WW Friedrich, S Wang, HX Gencic, S Grahame, DA Cramer, SP TI Chemically distinct Ni sites in the A-cluster in subunit beta of the Acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase complex from Methanosarcina thermophila: Ni L-edge absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism analyses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE DEHYDROGENASE; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOACETICUM; MODEL COMPOUNDS; ENZYME COMPLEX; HIGH-SPIN; NICKEL; SYNTHASE; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRA AB The 5-subunit-containing acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase (ACDS) complex plays an important role in methanogenic Archaea that convert acetate to methane, by catalyzing the central reaction of acetate C-C bond cleavage in which acetyl-CoA serves as the acetyl donor substrate reacting at the ACDS beta subunit active site. The properties of Ni in the active site A-cluster in the ACDS beta subunit from Methanosarcina thermophila were investigated. A recombinant, C-terminally truncated form of the beta subunit was employed, which mimics the native subunit previously isolated from the ACDS complex, and contains an A-cluster composed of an [Fe4S4] center bridged to a binuclear Ni-Ni site. The electronic structures of these two Ni were studied using L-edge absorption and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy. The L-edge absorption data provided evidence for two distinct Ni species in the as-isolated enzyme, one with low-spin Ni(II) and the other with high-spin Ni(I). XMCD spectroscopy confirmed that the species producing the high-spin signal was paramagnetic. Upon treatment with Ti3+ citrate, an additional Ni species emerged, which was assigned to Ni(I). By contrast, CO treatment of the reduced enzyme converted nearly all of the Ni in the sample to low-spin Ni(I). The results implicate reaction of a high-spin tetrahedral Ni site with CO to form an enzyme-CO adduct transformed to a low-spin Ni(II) state. These findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of C-C bond activation, in connection with the model of the beta subunit A-cluster developed from companion Ni and Fe K edge, XANES, and EXAFS studies. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grahame, DA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM dgrahame@usuhs.mil FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-44380, GM-65440] NR 34 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1021/ja0366033 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761ZM UT WOS:000187945400044 PM 14709073 ER PT J AU Leung, K Rempe, SB AF Leung, K Rempe, SB TI Ab initio molecular dynamics study of formate ion hydration SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL-PHOSPHATE ANION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; LIQUID WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GAS-PHASE; BIS(PENICILLAMINE) ENKEPHALIN; N-METHYLACETAMIDE AB We perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the aqueous formate ion. The mean number of water molecules in the first solvation shell, or the hydration number, of each formate oxygen is found to be consistent with recent experiments. Our ab initio pair correlation functions, however, differ significantly from many classical force field results and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics predictions. They yield roughly one less hydrogen bond between each formate oxygen and water than force field or hybrid methods predict. Both the BLYP and PW91 exchange correlation functionals give qualitatively similar results. The time dependence of the hydration numbers are examined, and Wannier function techniques are used to analyze electronic configurations along the molecular dynamics trajectory. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Leung, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1415&0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kleung@sandia.gov RI Rempe, Susan/H-1979-2011 NR 79 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 344 EP 351 DI 10.1021/ja036267q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761ZM UT WOS:000187945400072 PM 14709101 ER PT J AU Barrena, E Palacios-Lidon, E Munuera, C Torrelles, X Ferrer, S Jonas, U Salmeron, M Ocal, C AF Barrena, E Palacios-Lidon, E Munuera, C Torrelles, X Ferrer, S Jonas, U Salmeron, M Ocal, C TI The role of intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions in the stability of alkanethiol nonsaturated phases on Au(111) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ULTRATHIN ORGANIC FILMS; GOLD SURFACES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; BUTANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM AB The structure and stability of alkanethiols self-assembled on Au(1 11) have been studied as a function of the molecular chain length by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). Below saturation, phases consisting of molecules with different tilt angles and periodicities are formed. Differences in the mechanical stability of these phases are revealed by AFM experiments and discussed in terms of the competition between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions as a function of chain length. For long molecules, intermolecular interactions play a dominant role which stabilizes the formation of closed packed 30degrees tilted (root3x root3)R30degrees structures. For short molecules, the van der Waals interaction with the gold substrate favors the formation of a 50degrees tilted phase in which the molecules are arranged in a rectangular configuration. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barrena, E (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM barrena@mf.mpg.de RI Jonas, Ulrich/E-4492-2010; Palacios-Lidon, Elisa/C-5569-2013; Ocal, Carmen/G-8590-2013; Barrena, Esther/B-7683-2014; Munuera, Carmen/J-9928-2014; ferrer, salvador/E-9803-2016 OI Palacios-Lidon, Elisa/0000-0002-0785-8566; Ocal, Carmen/0000-0001-8790-8844; Barrena, Esther/0000-0001-9163-2959; ferrer, salvador/0000-0002-3446-8109 NR 58 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1021/ja036143d PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761ZM UT WOS:000187945400077 PM 14709106 ER PT J AU Haggerty, R Harvey, CF von Schwerin, CF Meigs, LC AF Haggerty, R Harvey, CF von Schwerin, CF Meigs, LC TI What controls the apparent timescale of solute mass transfer in aquifers and soils? A comparison of experimental results SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE multirate; scale-dependence; rate limitations; heavy tails; diffusion; sorption ID SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; FORCED-GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; RATE-LIMITED SORPTION; LONG-TERM SORPTION; TIME RANDOM-WALKS; NONEQUILIBRIUM TRANSPORT; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BORDEN AQUIFER AB [1] Estimates of mass transfer timescales from 316 solute transport experiments reported in 35 publications are compared to the pore-water velocities and residence times, as well as the experimental durations. New tracer experiments were also conducted in columns of different lengths so that the velocity and the advective residence time could be varied independently. In both the experiments reported in the literature and the new experiments, the estimated mass transfer timescale ( inverse of the mass-transfer rate coefficient) is better correlated to residence time and the experimental duration than to velocity. Of the measures considered, the experimental duration multiplied by 1 + beta ( where b is the capacity coefficient, defined as the ratio of masses in the immobile and mobile domains at equilibrium) best predicted the estimated mass transfer timescale. This relation is consistent with other work showing that aquifer and soil material commonly produce multiple timescales of mass transfer. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. MIT, Ralph M Parsons Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haggerty, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu; charvey@mit.edu; frhrvschwerin@yahoo.com; lcmeigs@sandia.gov RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; harvey, charles/A-8601-2012 OI harvey, charles/0000-0002-7759-4447 NR 93 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 AR W01510 DI 10.1029/2002WR001716 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 765XF UT WOS:000188309100001 ER PT J AU Ghosh, M Lawes, G Gayen, A Subbanna, GN Reiff, WM Subramanian, MA Ramirez, AP Zhang, JP Seshadri, R AF Ghosh, M Lawes, G Gayen, A Subbanna, GN Reiff, WM Subramanian, MA Ramirez, AP Zhang, JP Seshadri, R TI A novel route to toluene-soluble magnetic oxide nanoparticles: Aqueous hydrolysis followed by surfactant exchange SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-FE2O3 PARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ZNFE2O4 PARTICLES; CDS PARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALLITES; MOSSBAUER; IRON; ORGANIZATION; REACTIVITY; CHEMISTRY AB The ability of capped nanoparticles of inorganic materials to dissolve in nonpolar solvents such as toluene creates opportunities for size-selective precipitation, surface modification through covalent means, incorporation into polymer composites, and the possibility of digestive ripening. Toluene-soluble nanoparticles are usually prepared in nonpolar solvents, where they are capped by hydrophobic surfactants; such preparations often require specialized high-temperature solvents and expensive precursors. Many transition metal oxides are easily prepared in nanoparticulate form cheaply and in quantity, by hydrolysis in aqueous media. However, capping of nanoparticles in aqueous media to make them nonpolar is usually difficult. We present here a simple process of surfactant exchange that permits approximate to4-nm particles of the magnetic spinel oxides MFe2O4 (M = Mn and Zn) to be prepared in water in the presence of a surfactant and to then be transferred to toluene wherein the particles are capped by a second surfactant, a long-chain amine. The amine-capped nanoparticles can be successively precipitated and redissolved from their toluene solutions. Mossbauer spectroscopy and SQUID magnetization have been used to characterize magnetic properties of the nanoparticles. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Solid State & Struct Chem Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mat Res Ctr, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Seshadri, R (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Solid State & Struct Chem Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013 OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027 NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1021/cm030346j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 763LU UT WOS:000188088000017 ER PT J AU Schwarz, DE Frenkel, AI Nuzzo, RG Rauchfuss, TB Vairavamurthy, A AF Schwarz, DE Frenkel, AI Nuzzo, RG Rauchfuss, TB Vairavamurthy, A TI Electrosynthesis of ReS4 center dot XAS analysis of ReS2, Re2S7, and ReS4 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; K-EDGE EXAFS; MOLYBDENUM SULFIDE; AMORPHOUS SULFIDES; SULFUR CHEMISTRY; NANOPARTICLES; CLUSTER; REDUCTION; CATALYSIS AB Solutions of ReS4- undergo electro-oxidation at 0.5 V vs Ag\AgCl to give black, amorphous ReS4 via a process that can be reversed at -0.9 V. The oxidative polymerization can also be effected chemically using either I-2 or ferrocenium as oxidants. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) suggests that the phases Re2S7 and ReS4 are closely related structurally. The XAS data were calibrated with studies on [ReS4](-) and crystalline ReS2. For both ReS4 and Re2S7 XAS data show the presence of both S2- and S-2(2-) with S2- being less abundant than S-2(2-). The presence of terminal sulfides (r(Re=S) similar to 2.14 Angstrom) was ruled out by the EXAFS analysis. Variable temperature EXAFS studies showed that ReS4 and Re2S7 convert to ReS2 as anticipated from the results of TGA experiments. These considerations, when taken together with literature precedents, led to the reformulation of Re2S7 as Re-V(S)(1.5)(S-2)(1), and correspondingly ReS4 is formulated as Re-V(S)(1)(S-2)(1.5). These two materials are proposed to be members of a continuum of Re(S)(1.5-1)(S-2)(1-1.5) structures that differ in terms of their S-2(2-)/S2- ratio. Chain structures accommodate these considerations and are consistent with a largely reversible electrochemistry that regenerates ReS4-. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nuzzo, RG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1021/cm034467v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 763LU UT WOS:000188088000021 ER PT J AU Lowman, JP King, SD Gable, CW AF Lowman, JP King, SD Gable, CW TI Steady plumes in viscously stratified, vigorously convecting, three-dimensional numerical mantle convection models with mobile plates SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE mantle convection; plumes; plates; hot spot tracks; hot spots; mantle viscosity; gectonophysics : dynamics, convection currents and mantle plumes; tectonophysics : dynamics of lithosphere and mantle, general; tectonophysics : rheology, mantle ID SPHERICAL-SHELL MODELS; TECTONIC PLATES; VISCOSITY STRUCTURE; DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; THERMAL-CONVECTION; SURFACE PLATES; RADIAL PROFILE; EARTHS MANTLE; HEATING MODE; CREEP LAWS AB We present results from three-dimensional (3-D) Cartesian geometry computations featuring vigorous (high Rayleigh number) mantle convection in a system incorporating stiff tectonic plates with dynamically determined, time-dependent velocities. We track plume-related hot spot motion while calculating associated synthetic hot spot tracks, allowing us to estimate plume migration rates relative to plate motion rates. Plate-like surface motion is achieved explicitly by specifying both the plate geometry and rigidity; however, plate velocities evolve dynamically in response to the buoyancy distribution within the convecting system, including buoyancy within the plate itself. We find that convection is characterized by downwelling sheets and varying numbers of 3-D upwelling structures when the lower mantle to upper mantle viscosity ratio is varied from 9 to 90. As the lower mantle viscosity is increased relative to the upper mantle viscosity, the upwellings in the calculations evolve into vigorous ( active) plumes characterized by long, narrow, thermal conduits with broad, disk-like heads. The total number, shape, and persistence of the plumes are affected by the specified viscosity stratification in the calculations. Our findings indicate that hot spots associated with mantle plumes drift by smaller distances in comparable amounts of time when the lower mantle viscosity is increased relative to the upper mantle viscosity. In cases with a high lower mantle to upper mantle viscosity ratio, the depth of the flow aligned with plate motion is diminished and the plate-scale return flow is integrated into a deep, unorganized, sluggish layer. As a result, plume conduit morphology in the lower mantle of such calculations is less influenced by plate motion than in calculations with a small difference between upper mantle and lower mantle viscosity. For lower mantle viscosities 30 times and 90 times greater than the upper mantle viscosity, the lower mantle velocity field is dominated locally by active plumes anchored in the lower thermal boundary layer of the convecting system and plume migration rates are typically only about 10% of the overriding plate velocity. In such cases, we also find that plume-related hot spots persist for periods that we estimate to be between 0.55 and 1.1 plume-transit times. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Earth Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lowman, JP (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM j.lowman@earth.leeds.ac.uk; sking@purdue.edu; gable@lanl.gov RI King, Scott/B-1220-2008; Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; OI King, Scott/0000-0002-9564-5164; Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 NR 60 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q01L01 DI 10.1029/2003GC000583 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 765VY UT WOS:000188306100001 ER PT J AU Nelson, DM Hu, FS Tian, J Stefanova, I Brown, TA AF Nelson, DM Hu, FS Tian, J Stefanova, I Brown, TA TI Response of C(3) and C(4) plants to middle-Holocene climatic variation near the prairie-forest ecotone of Minnesota SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; WEST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; UNITED-STATES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; C-13/C-12 RATIOS; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; AGE CALIBRATION; DROUGHT AB Paleorecords of the middle Holocene (MH) from the North American mid-continent can offer insights into ecological responses to pervasive drought that may accompany future climatic warming. We analyzed MH sediments from West Olaf Lake (WOL) and Steel Lake (SL) in Minnesota to examine the effects of warm/dry climatic conditions on prairie-wood land ecosystems. Mineral composition and carbonate delta(18)O were used to determine climatic variations, whereas pollen assemblages, charcoal delta(13)C, and charcoal accumulation rates were used to reconstruct vegetation composition, C(3) and C(4) plant abundance, and fire. The ratio of aragonite/calcite at WOL and delta(18)O at SL suggest that pronounced droughts occurred during the MH but that drought severity decreased with time. From charcoal delta(13)C data we estimated that the MH abundance of C(4) plants averaged 50% at WOL and 43% at SL. At WOL C(4) abundance was negatively correlated with aragonite/calcite, suggesting that severe moisture deficits suppressed C(4) plants in favor of weedy C(3) plants (e.g., Ambrosia). As climate ameliorated C(4) abundance increased (from approximate to33 to 66%) at the expense of weedy species, enhancing fuel availability and fire occurrence. In contrast, farther east at SL where climate was cooler and wetter, C(4) abundance showed no correlation with delta(18)O-inferred aridity. Woody C(3) plants (e.g., Quercus) were more abundant, biomass flammability was lower, and fires were less important at SL than at WOL. Our results suggest that C(4) plants are adapted to warm/dry climatic conditions, but not to extreme droughts, and that the fire regime is controlled by biomass-climate interactions. C1 Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolut Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Minnesota, Limnol Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nelson, DM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolut Biol, 265 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dmnelson@life.uiuc.edu RI Nelson, David/D-5596-2009 OI Nelson, David/0000-0003-2755-5535 NR 59 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 2 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1073/pnas.0307450100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 764MJ UT WOS:000188210400028 PM 14701908 ER PT J AU Habermehl, S Apodaca, RT AF Habermehl, S Apodaca, RT TI Correlation of charge transport to intrinsic strain in silicon oxynitride and Si-rich silicon nitride thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION; SI-SIO2; BAND; GAP AB Poole-Frenkel emission in Si-rich nitride and silicon oxynitride thin films is studied in conjunction with compositional aspects of their elastic properties. For Si-rich nitrides varying in composition from SiN1.33 to SiN0.54, the Poole-Frenkel trap depth (Phi(B)) decreases from 1.08 to 0.52 eV as the intrinsic film strain (epsilon(i)) decreases from 0.0036 to -0.0016. For oxynitrides varying in composition from SiN1.33 to SiO1.49N0.35, Phi(B) increases from 1.08 to 1.53 eV as epsilon(i) decreases from 0.0036 to 0.0006. In both material systems, a direct correlation is observed between Phi(B) and epsilon(i). Compositionally induced strain relief as a mechanism for regulating Phi(B) is discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Habermehl, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sdhaber@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 215 EP 217 DI 10.1063/1.1639132 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 761PC UT WOS:000187916300019 ER PT J AU Palau, A Puig, T Obradors, X Pardo, E Navau, C Sanchez, A Usoskin, A Freyhardt, HC Fernandez, L Holzapfel, B Feenstra, R AF Palau, A Puig, T Obradors, X Pardo, E Navau, C Sanchez, A Usoskin, A Freyhardt, HC Fernandez, L Holzapfel, B Feenstra, R TI Simultaneous inductive determination of grain and intergrain critical current densities of YBa2Cu3O7-x coated conductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIZATION LOOPS; TAPES; TRANSPORT; PEAK AB An inductive methodology simultaneously enabling the determination of grain- and intergrain critical current densities of YBa2Cu3O7-x coated conductors is developed. This noninvasive method is based on the identification of a clear peak in the reverse branch of the magnetization loop at a positive magnetic field, as a signature of the electromagnetic granularity inherent to these materials. A quantitative evaluation of the return magnetic field at the grain boundaries allows us to understand the existence of this magnetization peak and quantify the grain critical current density. This methodology is envisaged to sort out granularity effects from vortex pinning effects on coated conductors. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. UAB, Dept Fis, Grp Electromagnetisme, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Zentrum Funkt Wekstoffe, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. IFW Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Palau, A (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. EM teresa.puig@icmab.es RI Sanchez, Alvaro/C-7041-2008; Holzapfel, Bernhard/D-3669-2009; Obradors, Xavier/A-8146-2012; Fernandez, Laura/G-5245-2013; Palau, Anna/C-2947-2014; Pardo, Enric/A-7566-2008; Puig, Teresa/O-1077-2013; Navau, Carles/O-9936-2015; OI Fernandez, Laura/0000-0002-4818-1125; Palau, Anna/0000-0002-2217-164X; Pardo, Enric/0000-0002-6375-4227; Puig, Teresa/0000-0002-1873-0488; Navau, Carles/0000-0003-4763-5305; Sanchez, Alvaro/0000-0002-2988-0289 NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1063/1.1639940 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 761PC UT WOS:000187916300024 ER PT J AU Fong, CY Qian, MC Pask, JE Yang, LH Dag, S AF Fong, CY Qian, MC Pask, JE Yang, LH Dag, S TI Electronic and magnetic properties of zinc blende half-metal superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MNAS AB Zinc blende half-metallic compounds such as CrAs, with large magnetic moments and high Curie temperatures, are promising materials for spintronic applications. We explore layered materials, consisting of alternating layers of zinc blende half-metals, by first principles calculations, and find that superlattices of (CrAs)(1)(MnAs)(1) and (CrAs)(2)(MnAs)(2) are half-metallic with magnetic moments of 7.0mu(B) and 14.0mu(B) per unit cell, respectively. We discuss the nature of the bonding and half-metallicity in these materials and, based on the understanding acquired, develop a simple expression for the magnetic moment in such materials. We explore the range of lattice constants over which half-metallicity is manifested, and suggest corresponding substrates for growth in thin film form. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lyang@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 239 EP 241 DI 10.1063/1.1639934 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 761PC UT WOS:000187916300027 ER PT J AU Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Claus, H Welp, U Gray, KE Ma, B Balachandran, U AF Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Claus, H Welp, U Gray, KE Ma, B Balachandran, U TI Improving the ratio of the grain-boundary and bulk critical currents in YBa2Cu3O7-delta film SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; BICRYSTALS AB Magneto-optical images of flux patterns in a ring of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-delta film with an artificial 10degrees grain boundary are used to determine the ratio of the grain-boundary critical current to the bulk critical current. This ratio which first increases slowly with temperature is found to make a sharp upturn above 77 K showing that the grain-boundary critical current quickly converges to the bulk value at higher temperatures. From the measured ratio and the grain-boundary critical current obtained from magnetization, the temperature dependence of the bulk critical current is recovered. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vlasko-Vlasov, VK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vlasko-vlasov@anl.gov RI Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 242 EP 244 DI 10.1063/1.1639503 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 761PC UT WOS:000187916300028 ER PT J AU Conradson, SD Abney, KD Begg, BD Brady, ED Clark, DL den Auwer, C Ding, M Dorhout, PK Espinosa-Faller, FJ Gordon, PL Haire, RG Hess, NJ Hess, RF Keogh, DW Lander, GH Lupinetti, AJ Morales, LA Neu, MP Palmer, PD Paviet-Hartmann, P Reilly, SD Runde, WH Tait, CD Veirs, DK Wastin, F AF Conradson, SD Abney, KD Begg, BD Brady, ED Clark, DL den Auwer, C Ding, M Dorhout, PK Espinosa-Faller, FJ Gordon, PL Haire, RG Hess, NJ Hess, RF Keogh, DW Lander, GH Lupinetti, AJ Morales, LA Neu, MP Palmer, PD Paviet-Hartmann, P Reilly, SD Runde, WH Tait, CD Veirs, DK Wastin, F TI Higher order speciation effects on plutonium L-3 X-ray absorption near edge spectra SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS; NITRATE COMPLEXES; OXIDATION-STATES; SOLID-STATE; URANYL-ION; L-III; URANIUM AB Pu L-3 X-ray near edge absorption spectra for Pu(0-VII) are reported for more than 60 chalcogenides, chlorides, hydrates, hydroxides, nitrates, carbonates, oxy-hydroxides, and other compounds both as solids and in solution, and substituted in zirconolite, perovskite, and borosilicate glass. This large database extends the known correlations between the energy and shape of these spectra from the usual association of the XANES with valence and site symmetry to higher order chemical effects. Because of the large number of compounds of these different types, a number of novel and unexpected behaviors are observed, such as effects resulting from the medium and disorder that can be as large as those from valence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seanorg Inst Transactinum Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. CEA Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Merista Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Ctr Marista Estudios Super, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conradson, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Div Chem, MST-8 MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM conradson@lanl.gov RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 70 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 8 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 116 EP 131 DI 10.1021/ic0346477 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 762KU UT WOS:000187971500015 PM 14704059 ER PT J AU Selby, PB Earhart, VS Garrison, EM Raymer, GD AF Selby, PB Earhart, VS Garrison, EM Raymer, GD TI Tests of induction in mice by acute and chronic ionizing radiation and ethylnitrosourea of dominant mutations that cause the more common skeletal anomalies SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE dominant skeletal mutations; hereditary effects of radiation; ethylnitrosourea; specific-locus mutations; ADD experiments ID ABNORMALITIES; SPERMATOGONIA; FREQUENCY AB Assessment-of-Dominant-Damage (ADD) experiments explored induction by proven specific-locus mutagens of dominant mutations that cause skeletal anomalies, cataracts, and stunted growth in offspring of mutagenized male mice. The data set reported here includes 6134 offspring. Mutagenic treatments included 600 R (i.e., approximately 6 Gy) of X-rays delivered in about 7 min, 600 R of gamma rays delivered over about 110 days, and four weekly intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 77.5 mg/kg of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The results reported in this paper are restricted to mutations induced in stem-cell spermatogonia and to the 34 more common skeletal anomalies (i.e., those found in 0.5% or more of the control offspring). Mutation induction was demonstrated for eight anomalies in the acute X-ray experiment and for 17 anomalies (including those same eight anomalies) in the ENU experiment. In spite of the surprisingly high mutation rates found for these treatments, there was no hint of any induction of such dominant mutations by 600 R of chronic gamma radiation. Our results suggest that several anomalies related to variation in the sacralization pattern may be particularly useful for revealing induction of dominant mutations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 RiskMuTox, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Selby, PB (reprint author), RiskMuTox, 131 Clemson Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM pbs@mac.com NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.09.014 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 769KT UT WOS:000188649800008 PM 14698419 ER PT J AU Selby, PB Earhart, VS Garrison, EM Raymer, GD AF Selby, PB Earhart, VS Garrison, EM Raymer, GD TI Description of first germinal mosaic mutation identified in dominant skeletal mutation experiments and considerations about how to deal with this kind of spontaneous mutation in analyses SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE dominant skeletal mutations; clusters of mutations; specific-locus mutations; germinal mosaicism ID ABNORMALITIES; MOUSE; MICE AB Germinal mosaicism is a well-established mechanism by which new spontaneous mutations enter the human population, but it is only rather recently that clusters of mutations arising in that way have been acknowledged and dealt with in specific-locus experiments on male mice. This paper reports the first cluster of germinal mosaic mutations to have been identified in experiments on the induction of dominant skeletal mutations. The mutation was detected in six offspring of a control male from the radiation part of an Assessment-of-Dominant-Damage (ADD) experiment. Reasons are provided to explain why this one litter of six mutants was excluded from the analysis of induction of dominant mutations causing the more common skeletal anomalies, which is reported in another paper. The effects of excluding this litter from that analysis are fully described. There is discussion of why such clusters should be included in some analyses but omitted in others. They should certainly always be reported because, in some cases, they can have a major impact on conclusions. Details on this one cluster of FCGM mutations provide numerous examples of how a dominant skeletal mutation that causes rare effects can also cause many of the more common anomalies. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 RiskMuTox, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Selby, PB (reprint author), RiskMuTox, 131 Clemson Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM pbs@mac.com FU NIEHS NIH HHS [222Y01-ES-10067] NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.09.016 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 769KT UT WOS:000188649800009 PM 14698420 ER PT J AU Itakura, K Kovchegov, YV McLerran, L Teaney, D AF Itakura, K Kovchegov, YV McLerran, L Teaney, D TI Baryon stopping and valence quark distribution at small x SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; CLASSICAL INITIAL CONDITIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; DEEP INELASTIC-SCATTERING; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; BFKL POMERON; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM AB We argue that the amount of baryon stopping observed in the central rapidity region of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC is proportional to the nuclear valence quark distributions at small x. By generalizing Mueller's dipole model to describe reggeons we construct a non-linear evolution equation for the valence quark distributions at small x in the leading double-logarithmic approximation. The equation includes the effects of gluon saturation in it. The solution of the evolution equation gives a valence quark distribution function dn(val)/dy similar to e(-(0.4divided by0.5)y). We show that this y-dependence as well as the predictions of regge theory are consistent with the net-proton rapidity distribution reported by BRAHMS. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM itakura@spht.saclay.cea.fr NR 115 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 730 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.10.016 PG 31 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 761HB UT WOS:000187894500010 ER PT J AU Lee, YK Debbe, R Lee, JH Ito, H Sanders, SJ AF Lee, YK Debbe, R Lee, JH Ito, H Sanders, SJ TI Plastic scintillator centrality detector for BRAHMS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE heavy ions; multiplicity; optical fibers AB An array of 40 tiles of thin plastic scintillators is used to construct the outer layer of the charged particle multiplicity detector for the BRAHMS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Each tile is a square with 12 cm long sides and 5 mm thickness. The light from each of the scintillators is collected by wavelength shifting fibers embedded on the periphery. The light collection is uniform within 5% over the tile with the edge effect limited to 4 mat along the edge. The response is found to be linear in the high-multiplicity environment at RHIC with An + An beams at roots(NN) of 200 GeV. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Lee, YK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM yklee@jhu.edu NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2004 VL 516 IS 2-3 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.159 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 763KC UT WOS:000188083200007 ER PT J AU Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Segoni, I Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Benussi, L Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Purohit, M Copty, N Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Helms, RW Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Segoni, I Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Benussi, L Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Purohit, M Copty, N Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Helms, RW Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M CA FOCUS Collaboration TI The target silicon detector for the FOCUS spectrometer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE silicon detector; track data analysis; pattern recognition; lifetime ID PERFORMANCE; TEVATRON AB We describe a silicon microstrip detector interleaved with segments of a beryllium oxide target which was used in the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab. The detector was designed to improve the vertex resolution and to enhance the reconstruction efficiency of short-lived charm particles. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Johns, WE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 6301 Stevenson Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM will.johns@vanderbilt.edu RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016; Menasce, Dario Livio/A-2168-2016; Gianini, Gabriele/M-5195-2014; OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X; Kutschke, Robert/0000-0001-9315-2879; Menasce, Dario Livio/0000-0002-9918-1686; Gianini, Gabriele/0000-0001-5186-0199; bianco, stefano/0000-0002-8300-4124; Helms, Richard/0000-0001-7140-5564; Kryemadhi, Abaz/0000-0002-1240-2803 NR 7 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2004 VL 516 IS 2-3 BP 364 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.163 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 763KC UT WOS:000188083200012 ER PT J AU Jalil, PA Tabet, N Faiz, M Hamdan, NM Hussain, Z AF Jalil, PA Tabet, N Faiz, M Hamdan, NM Hussain, Z TI Surface investigation on thermal stability of tungstophosphoric acid supported on MCM-41 using synchrotron radiation SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE tungstophosphoric acid; H3PW12O40; MCM-41; XPS; XANES; IR ID N-HEXANE CRACKING; MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; HETEROPOLY ACIDS; 12-TUNGSTOPHOSPHORIC ACID; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; SILICA; H3PW12O40; NMR; ADSORPTION; SITES AB The surface of supported tungstophosphoric acid H3PW12O40 (HPW) on all-silica MCM-41 has been investigated using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The results show the interaction between HPW and MCM-41 upon impregnation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy results also seem to confirm the above conclusion. Heating the supported acid increased the structural damage of HPW and MCM-41. Our results also suggest the formation of tungsten oxides on the surface upon heat treatment at 400 degreesC. A detailed analysis of the infrared (IR) spectra showed a gradual increase in the absorbance of the W-O-W corner shared vibration relative to the absorbance of the other bands. This indicates that the symmetry, and hence the stability of the bulk molecules were also decreased upon heating. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Chem, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Phys, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Phys, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jalil, PA (reprint author), King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Chem, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. EM natabet@kfupm.edu.sa NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JAN 10 PY 2004 VL 257 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2003.02.001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 770JL UT WOS:000188719400001 ER PT J AU Stockton, A Canalizo, G Nelan, EP Ridgway, SE AF Stockton, A Canalizo, G Nelan, EP Ridgway, SE TI Two active nuclei in 3C 294 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (3C 294); galaxies : nuclei; X-rays : galaxies ID RADIO GALAXY 3C-294; BINARY QUASAR; CLUSTER ENVIRONMENTS; Z=1.786; CHANDRA; RESOLUTION; TELESCOPE AB The z = 1.786 radio galaxy 3C 294 lies < 10&DPRIME; from a 12 mag star and has been the target of at least three previous investigations using adaptive optics (AO) imaging. A major problem in interpreting these results is the uncertainty in the precise alignment of the radio structure with the H- or K-band AO imaging. Here we report observations of the position of the AO guide star with the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor, which, together with positions from the second United States Naval Observatory's CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC2), allow us to register the infrared and radio frames to an accuracy of better than 0.&DPRIME;1. The result is that the nuclear compact radio source is not coincident with the brightest discrete object in the AO image, an essentially unresolved source on the eastern side of the light distribution, as Quirrenbach and coworkers had suggested. Instead, the radio source is centered about 0.&DPRIME;9 to the west of this object, on one of the two apparently real peaks in a region of diffuse emission. Nevertheless, the conclusion of Quirrenbach and coworkers that 3C 294 involves an ongoing merger appears to be correct: analysis of a recent deep Chandra image of 3C 294 obtained from the archive shows that the nucleus comprises two X-ray sources, which are coincident with the radio nucleus and the eastern stellar object. The X-ray/optical flux ratio of the latter makes it extremely unlikely that it is a foreground Galactic star. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Stockton, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 2 BP 626 EP 633 DI 10.1086/380096 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NT UT WOS:000188657200011 ER PT J AU Fisher, RT AF Fisher, RT TI A turbulent interstellar medium origin of the binary period distribution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; gravitation; hydrodynamics; stars : formation ID MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; SELF-SIMILAR COLLAPSE; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS STAR; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; DENSE CORES; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DARK CLOUDS; YOUNG STARS AB We present a semiempirical model of isolated binary star formation. This model includes the effects of turbulence in the initial state of the gas and has binary orbital parameters consistent with observation. This model therefore provides a framework with which to examine the relative importance of turbulence in the context of isolated binary star formation and to make quantitative predictions to compare against observation. The primary results of this model are as follows: (1) a quantitative prediction of the initial width of the binary period distribution (sigma(log) P-d = 1.6-2.1 for a star formation efficiency in the range epsilon(*) = 0.1-0.9), (2) a robust anticorrelation of binary period and mass ratio, (3) a robust, positive correlation of binary period and eccentricity, and ( 4) a robust prediction that the binary separation of low-mass systems should be less than that of solar-mass or larger systems. These predictions are in good agreement with observations of pre-main-sequence binary systems with periods of P > 10(3) days, which account for the majority of all binaries. We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of our results for observational and theoretical studies of multiple star formation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fisher, RT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-023,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bobf@astron.berkeley.edu RI Fisher, Robert/J-8667-2014 OI Fisher, Robert/0000-0001-8077-7255 NR 65 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 2 BP 769 EP 780 DI 10.1086/380111 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NT UT WOS:000188657200023 ER PT J AU Kaiser, AE Graham, AL Mondy, LA AF Kaiser, AE Graham, AL Mondy, LA TI Non-Newtonian wall effects in concentrated suspensions SO JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE suspensions; wall effects; creeping flow; falling-ball rheometry ID CYLINDRICAL-TUBES; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; VISCOSITY; PARTICLE; SEDIMENTATION; VISCOMETERS; SPHERES; FLUID; RODS AB This paper investigates the wall effects on the settling velocity of a falling ball in concentrated suspensions. The model suspensions consist of uniform neutrally buoyant spheres in a viscous Newtonian suspending fluid under conditions such that only hydrodynamic forces exert an appreciable effect. A number of previous studies have focused on determining the average velocity of the settling particle along the centerline or axis of the containing cylinders. The objective of this study is to determine the wall effects experienced by the falling balls as they settle off-center or eccentrically at a radial distance b from the centerline in a cylinder of radius R. We find that in the dilute suspensions (volume concentration of solids, phi = 10%), off-center wall effects are indistinguishable from those in pure Newtonian fluids. For the moderately concentrated suspensions (phi = 30%), off-center wall effects begin to deviate from Newtonian behavior as the ball approaches the wall (b/R > 0.5) and the ball settles slower than it would in a Newtonian fluid with the same apparent viscosity. In a highly concentrated suspension (phi = 50%), the Newtonian region in the center of the cylinder is much smaller (b/R < 0.3) and wall effects are significantly stronger than those found in the moderately concentrated suspension. These results indicate that current suspension constitutive models that assume generalized Newtonian behavior for concentrated suspensions must be reexamined as wall effects are much larger and extend further into the suspension than previously thought. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Graham, AL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, POB 43121, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alan.graham@coe.ttu.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0257 J9 J NON-NEWTON FLUID JI J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 10 PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2-3 BP 479 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j,jnnfm.2003.11.004 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 803YJ UT WOS:000220266100016 ER PT J AU Bramlett, JM Im, HJ Yu, XH Chen, TN Cai, H Roecker, LE Barnes, CE Dai, S Xue, ZL AF Bramlett, JM Im, HJ Yu, XH Chen, TN Cai, H Roecker, LE Barnes, CE Dai, S Xue, ZL TI Reactions of thioether carboxylic acids with mercury(II). Formation and X-ray crystal structure of mercury(II) mercaptoacetate SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE mercury complexes; thiolate; dithioacetals; hydrolysis ID METAL-COMPLEXES; STABILITY CONSTANT; CHELATING-AGENTS; SILICA-GEL; SEPARATION; HYDROLYSIS; SORBENTS; IONS; DERIVATIVES; COPPER(II) AB Reactions of Hg(II) salts with thioether carboxylic acids o-C6H4CH(SCH COOH)(2)](2) (1a) and PhCH(SCH2COOH)(2) (3) in water were found to lead to the decomposition of these ligands with the formation of mercury(II) mercaptoacetate Hg(SCH2COOH)(2) (2) and aldehydes o-C6H4(CHO)(2) and PhCHO, respectively. A similar reaction was observed between Hg(NO3)(2) and CH3(CH2)(2)CH(SCH)COOH)(2) (4). The X-ray structure of Hg(SCH2COOH)(2) (2) shows a linear-S-Hg-S-moiety. The mechanism of the formation of 2 in the reactions between Hg2+ and thioether carboxylic acids in water is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Berea Coll, Dept Chem, Berea, KY 40404 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xue, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 1600 Circle, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 357 IS 1 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(03)00446-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 763BU UT WOS:000188050800031 ER PT J AU West, JM Tsuruta, H Kantrowitz, ER AF West, JM Tsuruta, H Kantrowitz, ER TI A fluorescent probe-labeled Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase that monitors the allosteric conformational state SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUATERNARY-STRUCTURE TRANSITION; PYRENE EXCIMER FLUORESCENCE; PHOSPHONACETYL-L-ASPARTATE; RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING; BISUBSTRATE ANALOG; HETEROTROPIC INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; EFFECTOR BINDING; CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE; PROTEIN AB A new system has been developed capable of monitoring conformational changes of the 240s loop of aspartate transcarbamoylase, which are tightly correlated with the quaternary structural transition, with high sensitivity in solution. Pyrene, a fluorescent probe, was conjugated to residue 241 in the 240s loop of aspartate transcarbamoylase to monitor changes in conformation by fluorescence spectroscopy. Pyrene maleimide was conjugated to a cysteine residue on the 240s loop of a previously constructed double catalytic chain mutant version of the enzyme, C47A/A241C. The pyrene-labeled enzyme undergoes the normal T to R structural transition, as demonstrated by small-angle x-ray scattering. Like the wild-type enzyme, the pyrene-labeled enzyme exhibits cooperativity toward aspartate, and is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP at subsaturating concentrations of aspartate. The binding of the bisubstrate analogue N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), or the aspartate analogue succinate, in the presence of saturating carbamoyl phosphate, to the pyrene-labeled enzyme caused a sigmoidal change in the fluorescence emission. Saturation with ATP and CTP ( in the presence of either subsaturating amounts of PALA or succinate and carbamoyl phosphate) caused a hyperbolic increase and decrease, respectively, in the fluorescence emission. The half-saturation values from the fluorescence saturation curves and kinetic saturation curves were, within error, identical. Fluorescence and small-angle x-ray scattering stopped-flow experiments, using aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate, confirm that the change in excimer fluorescence and the quaternary structure change correlate. These results in conjunction with previous studies suggest that the allosteric transition involves both global and local conformational changes and that the heterotropic effect of the nucleotides may be exerted through local conformational changes in the active site by directly influencing the conformation of the 240s loop. C1 Boston Coll, Merkert Chem Ctr, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kantrowitz, ER (reprint author), Boston Coll, Merkert Chem Ctr, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM26237] NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 2 BP 945 EP 951 DI 10.1074/jbc.M304018200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 759DJ UT WOS:000187722800017 PM 14581486 ER PT J AU Thomas, TN Land, TA Martin, T Casey, WH DeYoreo, JJ AF Thomas, TN Land, TA Martin, T Casey, WH DeYoreo, JJ TI AFM investigation of step kinetics and hillock morphology of the {100} face of KDP SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; characterization; crystal morphology; supersaturated solutions; phosphates ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; DISLOCATION CORES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SOLUTION FLOW; ADP FACE; CANAVALIN; SURFACES; CRYSTALLIZATION; VICINALITY AB Step velocities and hillock slopes on the {100} face of KDP were measured over a supersaturation range of 0 < sigma < 0.15, where sigma is the supersaturation. The formation of macrosteps and their evolution with distance from the hillock top were also observed. Hillock slope depended linearly on supersaturation and hillock geometry. The two non-equivalent sectors exhibited different slopes and step velocities. AFM shows an elementary step height of 3.7 Angstrom, or half the unit cell height, whereas previous interferometric experiments assumed the elementary step was a unit cell. Values of the step edge energy (alpha), the kinetic coefficients for the slow and fast directions (beta(S) and beta(F)), and the activation energies for slow and fast step motion (E-a,E-S and E-a,E-F) were calculated to be 24.0 erg/cm(2), 0.071 cm/s, 0.206 cm/s, 0.26 eV/molecule, and 0.21 eV/molecule, respectively. Analysis of macrostep, evolution including the dependence of step height on time and terrace width on distance were performed and compared to predictions of published models. The results do not allow us to distinguish between a shock wave model and a continuous step-doubling model. Analysis within the latter model leads to a characteristic adsorption time for impurities of 0.0716 s. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Chem Grad Grp, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Thomas, TN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Chem Grad Grp, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, LAWR, 1 Shields Ave,1110PES Bldg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 260 IS 3-4 BP 566 EP 579 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.08.054 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 759XZ UT WOS:000187781300045 ER PT J AU Xie, SC Cederwall, RT Zhang, MH AF Xie, SC Cederwall, RT Zhang, MH TI Developing long-term single-column model/cloud system-resolving model forcing data using numerical weather prediction products constrained by surface and top of the atmosphere observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE large-scale continuous forcing; objective analysis; single-column model and cloud system-resolving model ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; TOGA-COARE; GCSS MODEL; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; MOISTURE AB [1] This study proposes another approach to develop multiyear single-column model (SCM) and cloud system - resolving model (CSRM) forcing data from numerical weather prediction (NWP) model analyses constrained with the observed surface and top of the atmosphere measurements by using a variational analysis approach. In the approach the atmospheric state variables from NWP analyses are adjusted to balance the observed column budgets of mass, heat, moisture, and momentum rather than the NWP model-produced budgets. The derived constrained NWP forcing data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration rapid update cycle ( RUC) analyses are evaluated by the "observed'' forcing data derived from radiosonde and wind profiler data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Program Southern Great Plains site under three selected cases: A strong convective case in the ARM summer 1997 intensive operational period (IOP), a moderate synoptic-scale process-dominated precipitation period in the spring 2000 IOP, and a nonprecipitation period in the late fall 2000 IOP. We show that the forcing data derived from the RUC analyses using ARM column constraints agree with the observed forcing reasonably well. The largest improvements are seen during precipitation periods since precipitation is a strong constraint used in the proposed approach. During the nonprecipitation period the improvements are moderate because the constraints are weak in the absence of precipitation. The constrained NWP forcing and the observed forcing, however, show better agreement during the moderate precipitation period and the nonprecipitation period than during the strong convective period. In SCM tests we show that most model errors revealed by the SCM driven by the observed forcing can be seen in the SCM driven by the constrained NWP forcing. These results suggest the feasibility of using the derived constrained NWP forcing data from RUC analyses for statistical studies of SCM/CSRM results over long time periods. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, ASD, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Xie, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, ASD, L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM xie2@llnl.gov RI Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145 NR 19 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D1 AR D01104 DI 10.1029/2003JD004045 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 765MJ UT WOS:000188287100002 ER PT J AU Matzel, E Grand, SP AF Matzel, E Grand, SP TI The anisotropic seismic structure of the East European platform SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; inversion; mantle; Europe ID VELOCITY STRUCTURE BENEATH; UPPER-MANTLE STRUCTURE; NONLINEAR INVERSION; NORTHERN EURASIA; P-WAVE; LEHMANN DISCONTINUITY; AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY; UPPERMOST MANTLE; REFLECTION DATA; PROFILE QUARTZ AB We present models for the P and S velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath the East European platform including measurements of radial anisotropy. The models were obtained by full waveform inversion of 3-component broadband seismograms from strike-slip earthquakes located near the edge of the platform and recorded in Russia and Europe. We used direct and multiply reflected body wave arrivals (S, SS, P, PP) combined with fundamental mode Love and Rayleigh waves at source-receiver distances between 15degrees and 50degrees to resolve mantle structure down to the 410 km discontinuity. The platform is underlain by a radially anisotropic mantle lid extending to a depth of 200 km with a largely isotropic mantle below. The model has a positive velocity gradient from 41 km to 100 km depth, and a relatively uniform velocity structure from 100 km to 200 km depth with high SH and PH velocities (4.77 km/s, 8.45 km/s). Shear anisotropy is uniform at 5% (betaH > betaV) from 41 to 200 km depth, drops to 2% from 200 to 250 km and is isotropic below that. The average shear velocity from 100 to 250 km is also uniform at 4.65 km/s and the drop in anisotropy is matched by a drop in bH to 4.70 km/s combined with an increase in bV to 4.60 km/s. Below 250 km there is a positive velocity gradient in both P and S velocity down to 410 km. P anisotropy is not well resolved, but P structure mimics the SH velocity structure, suggesting that P is also anisotropic within the lid. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Matzel, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM matzel@mantle.llnl.gov RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011; Matzel, Eric/K-2571-2014 NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B1 AR B01302 DI 10.1029/2001JB000623 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 765MP UT WOS:000188287600001 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Ammosov, VV Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Baturin, V Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Chiang, HC Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Ely, J Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Fox, B Franz, J Frullani, S Garber, Y Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Garutti, E Gaskell, D Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Greeniaus, LG Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kisselev, A Konigsmann, K Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Krauss, B Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lapikas, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Lindemann, T Lipka, K Lorenzon, W Lu, J Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Marianski, B Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Orlandi, G Pickert, N Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schill, C Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shanidze, R Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Simani, MC Sinram, K Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stewart, J Stosslein, U Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Tkabladze, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, P van der Steenhoven, G Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Visser, J Vogel, C Vogt, M Volmer, J Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Smit, GY Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zohrabian, H Zupranski, P AF Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Ammosov, VV Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Baturin, V Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Chiang, HC Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Ely, J Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Fox, B Franz, J Frullani, S Garber, Y Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Garutti, E Gaskell, D Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Greeniaus, LG Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kisselev, A Konigsmann, K Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Krauss, B Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lapikas, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Lindemann, T Lipka, K Lorenzon, W Lu, J Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Marianski, B Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Orlandi, G Pickert, N Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schill, C Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shanidze, R Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Simani, MC Sinram, K Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stewart, J Stosslein, U Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Tkabladze, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, P van der Steenhoven, G Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Visser, J Vogel, C Vogt, M Volmer, J Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Smit, GY Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zohrabian, H Zupranski, P CA HERMES Collaboration TI Flavor decomposition of the sea-quark helicity distributions in the nucleon from semiinclusive deep inelastic scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HERMES POLARIZED HYDROGEN; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QCD ANALYSIS; TARGET; PROTON; ASYMMETRIES; POLARIMETER; PIONS; HERA AB Double-spin asymmetries of semiinclusive cross sections for the production of identified pions and kaons have been measured in deep inelastic scattering of polarized positrons on a polarized deuterium target. Five helicity distributions including those for three sea quark flavors were extracted from these data together with reanalyzed previous data for identified pions from a hydrogen target. These distributions are consistent with zero for all three sea flavors. A recently predicted flavor asymmetry in the polarization of the light quark sea appears to be disfavored by the data. C1 Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. Univ Colorado, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. State Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Ist Super Sanita, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita & Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00689 Warsaw, Poland. RP Airapetian, A (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RI Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Negodaev, Mikhail/A-7026-2014; El Alaoui, Ahmed/B-4638-2015; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015 NR 32 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.012005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500011 PM 14753985 ER PT J AU Beacom, JF Bell, NF Hooper, D Learned, JG Pakvasa, S Weiler, TJ AF Beacom, JF Bell, NF Hooper, D Learned, JG Pakvasa, S Weiler, TJ TI Pseudo-Dirac neutrinos: A challenge for neutrino telescopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLAVOR OSCILLATIONS; COSMOLOGY; SCALES; MODELS; MASSES AB Neutrinos may be pseudo-Dirac states, such that each generation is actually composed of two maximally mixed Majorana neutrinos separated by a tiny mass difference. The usual active neutrino oscillation phenomenology would be unaltered if the pseudo-Dirac splittings are deltam(2)less than or similar to10(-12) eV(2); in addition, neutrinoless double beta decay would be highly suppressed. However, it may be possible to distinguish pseudo-Dirac from Dirac neutrinos using high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. By measuring flavor ratios as a function of L/E, mass-squared differences down to deltam(2)similar to10(-18) eV(2) can be reached. We comment on the possibility of probing cosmological parameters with neutrinos. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Beacom, JF (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Beacom, John/0000-0002-0005-2631 NR 40 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 011101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.011101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500003 PM 14753977 ER PT J AU Kramer, GJ Sharapov, SE Nazikian, R Gorelenkov, NN Budny, RV AF Kramer, GJ Sharapov, SE Nazikian, R Gorelenkov, NN Budny, RV TI Observation of odd toroidal Alfven eigenmodes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; TOROIDICITY; STABILITY; PLASMAS; TOKAMAK; CORE; PROFILE; MODE AB Experimental evidence is presented for the existence of the theoretically predicted odd toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmode (TAE) from the simultaneous appearance of odd and even TAEs in a normal shear discharge of the joint European torus. The modes are observed in low central magnetic shear plasmas created by injecting lower hybrid current drive. A fast ion population was created by applying ion cyclotron heating at the high-field side to excite the TAEs. The odd TAEs were identified from their frequency, mode number, and timing relative to the even TAEs. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Kramer, GJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.015001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500020 PM 14753994 ER PT J AU Mozyrsky, D Martin, I Hastings, MB AF Mozyrsky, D Martin, I Hastings, MB TI Quantum-limited sensitivity of single-electron-transistor-based displacement detectors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; MOTION; NOISE AB We consider a model of a quantum-mechanical resonator capacitively coupled to a single electron transistor (SET). The tunnel current in the SET is modulated by the vibrations of the resonator, and thus the system operates as a displacement detector. We analyze the effect of the backaction noise of charge fluctuations in the SET onto the dynamics of the resonator and evaluate the displacement sensitivity of the system. The relation between the "classical" and "quantum" parts of the SET charge noise and their effect on the measured system are also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mozyrsky, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 018303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.018303 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500052 PM 14754026 ER PT J AU Nakatsuji, S Pines, D Fisk, Z AF Nakatsuji, S Pines, D Fisk, Z TI Two fluid description of the Kondo lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CEIRIN5; CECOIN5 AB We present a two-fluid description of the Kondo lattice that is based on an analysis of CeCoIn5 at various levels of dilution with La. We show that thermal and transport measurements provide evidence for the survival of the Kondo impurity component in the lattice as T-->0 K, and that the evolution of the low temperature properties of the Kondo lattice can be viewed as the partial condensation of the lattice of Kondo centers into a heavy fermion fluid. The resulting two-fluid model is shown to be applicable to the general problem of the ground state of the Kondo lattice. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Off President, Inst Complex Adapt Matter, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. RP Nakatsuji, S (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 15 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 016401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.016401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500031 PM 14754005 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C Bishop, AR AF Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C Bishop, AR TI Fibrillar templates and soft phases in systems with short-range dipolar and long-range interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SEPARATION; MECHANISM AB We analyze the thermal fluctuations of particles that have a short-range dipolar attraction and a long-range repulsion. In an inhomogeneous particle density region, or "soft phase," filamentary patterns appear which are destroyed only at very high temperatures. The filaments act as a fluctuating template for correlated percolation in which low-energy excitations can move through the stable pattern by local rearrangements. At intermediate temperatures, dynamically averaged checkerboard states appear. We discuss possible implications for doped cuprate oxides and related materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 016801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.016801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500033 ER PT J AU Turri, G Snell, G Langer, B Martins, M Kukk, E Canton, SE Bilodeau, RC Cherepkov, N Bozek, JD Kilcoyne, AL Berrah, N AF Turri, G Snell, G Langer, B Martins, M Kukk, E Canton, SE Bilodeau, RC Cherepkov, N Bozek, JD Kilcoyne, AL Berrah, N TI Probing the molecular environment using spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; AUGER-SPECTRA; PHOTOIONIZATION; 2P; POLARIZATION; OCS; RESONANCE; FIELD; ATOMS AB Angle- and spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with linearly and circularly polarized synchrotron radiation were used to study the electronic structure of model triatomic molecules, hydrogen sulfide, and carbonyl sulfide. The spin-polarization measurements of the molecular field split components of the S 2p photolines revealed a strong effect of the different molecular environments. The validity of simple atomic models to explain the results is discussed. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Born Inst, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Oulu, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. State Univ Aerosp Instrumentat, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. RP Turri, G (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Langer, Burkhard/A-6504-2013; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Canton, Sophie/A-8432-2016; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Martins, Michael/0000-0002-1228-5029; Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.013001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500012 PM 14753986 ER PT J AU Zheng, X Aniol, K Armstrong, DS Averett, TD Bertozzi, W Binet, S Burtin, E Busato, E Butuceanu, C Calarco, J Camsonne, A Cates, GD Chai, Z Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Cusanno, F De Leo, R Deur, A Dieterich, S Dutta, D Finn, JM Frullani, S Gao, H Gao, J Garibaldi, F Gilad, S Gilman, R Gomez, J Hansen, JO Higinbotham, DW Hinton, W Horn, T de Jager, CW Jiang, X Kaufman, L Kelly, J Korsch, W Kramer, K LeRose, J Lhuillier, D Liyanage, N Margaziotis, DJ Marie, F Markowitz, P McCormick, K Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Moffit, B Nanda, S Neyret, D Phillips, SK Powell, A Pussieux, T Reitz, B Roche, J Roche, R Roedelbronn, M Ron, G Rvachev, M Saha, A Savvinov, N Singh, J Sirca, S Slifer, K Solvignon, P Souder, P Steiner, DJ Strauch, S Sulkosky, V Tobias, A Urciuoli, G Vacheret, A Wojtsekhowski, B Xiang, H Xiao, Y Xiong, F Zhang, B Zhu, L Zhu, X Zolnierczuk, PA AF Zheng, X Aniol, K Armstrong, DS Averett, TD Bertozzi, W Binet, S Burtin, E Busato, E Butuceanu, C Calarco, J Camsonne, A Cates, GD Chai, Z Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Cusanno, F De Leo, R Deur, A Dieterich, S Dutta, D Finn, JM Frullani, S Gao, H Gao, J Garibaldi, F Gilad, S Gilman, R Gomez, J Hansen, JO Higinbotham, DW Hinton, W Horn, T de Jager, CW Jiang, X Kaufman, L Kelly, J Korsch, W Kramer, K LeRose, J Lhuillier, D Liyanage, N Margaziotis, DJ Marie, F Markowitz, P McCormick, K Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Moffit, B Nanda, S Neyret, D Phillips, SK Powell, A Pussieux, T Reitz, B Roche, J Roche, R Roedelbronn, M Ron, G Rvachev, M Saha, A Savvinov, N Singh, J Sirca, S Slifer, K Solvignon, P Souder, P Steiner, DJ Strauch, S Sulkosky, V Tobias, A Urciuoli, G Vacheret, A Wojtsekhowski, B Xiang, H Xiao, Y Xiong, F Zhang, B Zhu, L Zhu, X Zolnierczuk, PA CA Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration TI Precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetry A(1)(n) and spin-flavor decomposition in the valence quark region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; NUCLEON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(N); RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; POLARIZED QUARK; CHIRAL SOLITON; QCD ANALYSIS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON; MODEL AB We have measured the neutron spin asymmetry A(1)(n) with high precision at three kinematics in the deep inelastic region at x=0.33, 0.47, and 0.60, and Q(2)=2.7, 3.5, and 4.8 (GeV/c)(2), respectively. Our results unambiguously show, for the first time, that A(1)(n) crosses zero around x=0.47 and becomes significantly positive at x=0.60. Combined with the world proton data, polarized quark distributions were extracted. Our results, in general, agree with relativistic constituent quark models and with perturbative quantum chromodynamics (PQCD) analyses based on the earlier data. However they deviate from PQCD predictions based on hadron helicity conservation. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Aubiere, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Aubiere, France. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Zheng, X (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Zhu, Xiaofeng/B-9493-2011; Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Singh, Jaideep/H-2346-2013 OI Singh, Jaideep/0000-0002-4810-4824 NR 49 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.012004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500010 PM 14753984 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Sun, J Si, QM Balatsky, AV AF Zhu, JX Sun, J Si, QM Balatsky, AV TI Effects of a collective spin resonance mode on the scanning tunneling microscopy spectra of d-wave superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHOTOEMISSION; YBA2CU3O6+X AB A high-energy spin resonance mode is known to exist in many high-temperature superconductors. Motivated by recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments in superconducting Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta), we study the effects of this resonance mode on the local density of states (LDOS). The coupling between the electrons in a d-wave superconductor and the resonance mode produces high-energy peaks in the LDOS, which displays a two-unit-cell periodic modulation around a nonmagnetic impurity. This suggests a new means to not only detect the dynamical spin collective mode but also study its coupling to electronic excitations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 017002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.017002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500037 PM 14754011 ER PT J AU Alvarado, JS Rose, C AF Alvarado, JS Rose, C TI Static headspace analysis of volatile organic compounds in soil and vegetation samples for site characterization SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds; vegetation; soils; static headspace; site characterization ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DYNAMIC HEADSPACE AB Traditional methodologies for the characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in subsurface soil are expensive, time-consuming processes that are often conducted on samples collected at random. The determination of VOCs in near-surface soils and vegetation is the foundation for a more efficient sampling strategy to characterize subsurface soil and improve understanding of environmental problems. In the absence of a standard methodology for the determination of VOCs in vegetation and in view of the high detection limits of the method for soils, we developed a methodology using headspace gas chromatography with an electron capture detector for the determination of low levels (parts-per-billion to parts-per-trillion) of VOCs in soils and vegetation. The technique demonstrates good sensitivity, good recoveries of internal standards and surrogate compounds, good performance, and minimal waste. A case study involving application of this technique as a first-step vadose-zone characterization methodology is presented. (C) 2003 Elevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Res Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alvarado, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Res Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jalvarado@anl.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00416-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 764VX UT WOS:000188227600002 PM 18969258 ER PT J AU Dietz, ML Jensen, MP AF Dietz, ML Jensen, MP TI EXAFS investigations of strontium complexation by a polymer-supported crown ether SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE strontium; extraction chromatography; crown ether; EXAFS ID EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHIC RESIN; SOLVENT-IMPREGNATED RESINS; ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; PERCHLORATE SOLUTIONS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; LIQUID-EXTRACTION; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; ISOPAR-H; CADMIUM(II); SEPARATION AB Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements have been used to probe the coordination environment of strontium ion sorbed from aqueous nitric acid solutions on an extraction chromatographic resin comprising a macrocyclic polyether dispersed on a polymeric support. The strontium EXAFS of the metal ions sorbed onto the resin are consistent with a 1:1:2 strontium:crown ether:nitrate stoichiometry in which the strontium is enveloped in the crown ether ring and both nitrate anions are coordinated to the strontium as bidentate ligands. This is the same structure and stoichiometry observed for complexes in liquid-liquid extraction when the macrocyclic polyether is dissolved in a diluent with low water miscibility like 1-octanol. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mjensen@anl.gov RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1 BP 109 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00422-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 764VX UT WOS:000188227600015 PM 18969271 ER PT J AU Johal, MS Howland, M Robinson, JM Casson, JL Wang, HL AF Johal, MS Howland, M Robinson, JM Casson, JL Wang, HL TI Photoluminescent studies of spin-assembled MPS-PPV/dendrimer multilayers SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; FILMS; POLYELECTROLYTES; INTERPENETRATION; FABRICATION AB We examine the photoluminescence properties of three generations of poly(propylenimine) dendrimers and poly(2,5-methoxypropyloxy sulfonate phenylene vinylene) (MPS-PPV) multilayer films formed by spin-assembly. We observe self-quenching of luminescence with increasing film thickness. For a bilayer system of dendrimer/MPS-PPV, we show an additional terminal dendrimer layer results in films with greater photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) compared to bilayer films having terminal MPS-PPV layers. Increasing the concentration of the terminal dendrimer layer results in a large increase in PLQE and a spectral red-shift. These changes are a result of increased contact between the dendrimer and MPS-PPV layers through interpenetration. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, New Coll, Div Nat Sci, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johal, MS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, New Coll, Div Nat Sci, 5700 N Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. EM johal@ncf.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 383 IS 3-4 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.034 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 762DW UT WOS:000187956600012 ER PT J AU Webster, JR Dyck, CW Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA Carton, A AF Webster, JR Dyck, CW Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA Carton, A TI Performance of amorphous diamond RF MEMS capacitive switch SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) capacitive switches using amorphous diamond (a-D) as a novel dielectric with controlled leakage have been successfully developed. The devices show a unipolar switching response to a unipolar stimulus, indicating the absence of significant dielectric charging. These initial devices exhibit a down-state capacitance of 2.6 pF and a predicted static power dissipation of 10 nW This technology is promising for the development of reliable, low-power RF MEMS switches. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webster, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrwebst@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 43 EP 44 DI 10.1049/el:20030034 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 764BY UT WOS:000188172300028 ER PT J AU Pauler, DK Kendrick, BK AF Pauler, DK Kendrick, BK TI A new method for solving the quantum hydrodynamic equations of motion: Application to two-dimensional reactive scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PACKET DYNAMICS; BASIS FUNCTION INTERPOLATION; BOHMIAN TRAJECTORIES; SEMICLASSICAL DYNAMICS; ELECTRONIC-TRANSITIONS; WAVEPACKET DYNAMICS; IMPLEMENTATION; EQUIDISTRIBUTION; REPRESENTATION; FORMULATION AB The de Broglie-Bohm hydrodynamic equations of motion are solved using a meshless method based on a moving least squares approach and an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian frame of reference. A regridding algorithm adds and deletes computational points as needed in order to maintain a uniform interparticle spacing, and unitary time evolution is obtained by propagating the wave packet using averaged fields. The numerical instabilities associated with the formation of nodes in the reflected portion of the wave packet are avoided by adding artificial viscosity to the equations of motion. The methodology is applied to a two-dimensional model collinear reaction with an activation barrier. Reaction probabilities are computed as a function of both time and energy, and are in excellent agreement with those based on the quantum trajectory method. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pauler, DK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS-B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 2 BP 603 EP 611 DI 10.1063/1.1630302 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759BN UT WOS:000187718200010 PM 15267894 ER PT J AU Rathbone, GJ Poliakoff, ED Bozek, JD Lucchese, RR Lin, P AF Rathbone, GJ Poliakoff, ED Bozek, JD Lucchese, RR Lin, P TI Mode-specific photoelectron scattering effects on CO2+(C (2)Sigma(+)(g)) vibrations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHAPE RESONANT PHOTOIONIZATION; FIELD IONIZATION-PHOTOELECTRON; VALENCE SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; ELECTRON-MOLECULE COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTO-IONIZATION; NUCLEAR-MOTION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; SYMMETRY-BREAKING AB Using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy, we have determined the energy dependent vibrational branching ratios for the symmetric stretch [v(+)=(100)], bend [v(+)=(010)], and antisymmetric stretch [v(+)=(001)], as well as several overtones and combination bands in the 4sigma(g)(-1) photoionization of CO2. Data were acquired over the range from 20-110 eV, and this wide spectral coverage highlighted that alternative vibrational modes exhibit contrasting behavior, even over a range usually considered to be dominated by atomic effects. Alternative vibrational modes exhibit qualitatively distinct energy dependences, and this contrasting mode-specific behavior underscores the point that vibrationally resolved measurements reflect the sensitivity of the electron scattering dynamics to well-defined changes in molecular geometry. In particular, such energy-dependent studies help to elucidate the mechanism(s) responsible for populating the symmetry forbidden vibrational levels [i.e., v(+)=(010), (001), (030), and (110)]. This is the first study in which vibrationally resolved data have been acquired as a function of energy for all of the vibrational modes of a polyatomic system. Theoretical Schwinger variational calculations are used to interpret the experimental data, and they indicate that a 4sigma(g)-->ksigma(u) shape resonance is responsible for most of the excursions observed for the vibrational branching ratios. Generally, the energy dependent trends are reproduced well by theory, but a notable exception is the symmetric stretch vibrational branching ratio. The calculated results display a strong peak in the vibrational branching ratio while the experimental data show a pronounced minimum. This suggests an interference mechanism that is not accounted for in the single-channel adiabatic-nuclei calculations. Electronic branching ratios were also measured and compared to the vibrational branching ratios to assess the relative contributions of interchannel (i.e., Herzberg-Teller) versus intrachannel (i.e., photoelectron-mediated) coupling. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM epoliak@lsu.edu RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Lucchese, Robert/O-4452-2014; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Lucchese, Robert/0000-0002-7200-3775; Lin, Ping/0000-0003-1200-4423 NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 2 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1063/1.1630303 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759BN UT WOS:000187718200011 PM 15267895 ER PT J AU Hodges, MP Wheatley, RJ Schenter, GK Harvey, AH AF Hodges, MP Wheatley, RJ Schenter, GK Harvey, AH TI Intermolecular potential and second virial coefficient of the water-hydrogen complex SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXCESS-ENTHALPIES; DIPOLE-MOMENT; ENERGY; H2O; HELIUM; ARGON AB We construct a rigid-body (five-dimensional) potential-energy surface for the water-hydrogen complex using scaled perturbation theory (SPT). An analytic fit of this surface is obtained, and, using this, two minima are found. The global minimum has C-2v symmetry, with the hydrogen molecule acting as a proton donor to the oxygen atom on water. A local minimum with C-s symmetry has the hydrogen molecule acting as a proton acceptor to one of the hydrogen atoms on water, where the OH bond and H-2 are in a T-shaped configuration. The SPT global minimum is bound by 1097 muE(h) (E(h)approximate to4.359 744x10(-18) J). Our best estimate of the binding energy, from a complete basis set extrapolation of coupled-cluster calculations, is 1076.1 muE(h). The fitted surface is used to calculate the second cross virial coefficient over a wide temperature range (100-3000 K). Three complementary methods are used to quantify quantum statistical mechanical effects that become significant at low temperatures. We compare our results with experimental data, which are available over a smaller temperature range (230-700 K). Generally good agreement is found, but the experimental data are subject to larger uncertainties. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hodges, MP (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, POB 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014; Wheatley, Richard/K-6598-2015 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484; Wheatley, Richard/0000-0002-2096-7708 NR 49 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 2 BP 710 EP 720 DI 10.1063/1.1630960 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759BN UT WOS:000187718200022 PM 15267906 ER PT J AU Xantheas, SS Apra, E AF Xantheas, SS Apra, E TI The binding energies of the D-2d and S-4 water octamer isomers: High-level electronic structure and empirical potential results SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CLUSTERS (H2O)(N); 1ST PRINCIPLES; BASIS-SETS; ATOM; BENZENE-(WATER)(8); BENCHMARK; SPECTRUM; DYNAMICS AB The MP2 complete basis set (CBS) limit for the binding energy of the two low-lying water octamer isomers of D-2d and S-4 symmetry is estimated at -72.7+/-0.4 kcal/mol using the family of augmented correlation-consistent orbital basis sets of double through quintuple zeta quality. The largest MP2 calculation with the augmented quintuple zeta (aug-cc-pV5Z) basis set produced binding energies of -73.70 (D-2d) and -73.67 kcal/mol (S-4). The effects of higher correlation, computed at the CCSD(T) level of theory, are estimated at <0.1 kcal/mol. The newly established MP2/CBS limit for the water octamer is reproduced quite accurately by the newly developed all atom polarizable, flexible interaction potential (TTM2-F). The TTM2-F binding energies of -73.21 (D-2d) and -73.24 kcal/mol (S-4) for the two isomers are just 0.5 kcal/mol (or 0.7%) larger than the MP2/CBS limit. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010; Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734; Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 NR 34 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 2 BP 823 EP 828 DI 10.1063/1.1626624 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759BN UT WOS:000187718200034 PM 15267918 ER PT J AU Bezel, I Gaffney, KJ Garrett-Roe, S Liu, SH Miller, AD Szymanski, P Harris, CB AF Bezel, I Gaffney, KJ Garrett-Roe, S Liu, SH Miller, AD Szymanski, P Harris, CB TI Measurement and dynamics of the spatial distribution of an electron localized at a metal-dielectric interface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-POTENTIAL STATES; PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; FEMTOSECOND DYNAMICS; HYDRATED ELECTRON; SOLVATED ELECTRON; BINDING-ENERGIES; EXCITED-STATES; BAND-STRUCTURE; SURFACES AB The ability of time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission to estimate the size distribution of electron localization in the plane of a metal-adsorbate interface is discussed. It is shown that the width of angular distribution of the photoelectric current is inversely proportional to the electron localization size within the most common approximations in the description of image potential states. The localization of the n=1 image potential state for two monolayers of butyronitrile on Ag(111) is used as an example. For the delocalized n=1 state, the shape of the signal amplitude as a function of momentum parallel to the surface changes rapidly with time, indicating efficient intraband relaxation on a 100 fs time scale. For the localized state, little change was observed. The latter is related to the constant size distribution of electron localization, which is estimated to be a Gaussian with a 15+/-4 A full width at half maximum in the plane of the interface. A simple model was used to study the effect of a weak localization potential on the overall width of the angular distribution of the photoemitted electrons, which exhibited little sensitivity to the details of the potential. This substantiates the validity of the localization size estimate. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM harris@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Garrett-Roe, Sean/C-6037-2011 OI Garrett-Roe, Sean/0000-0001-6199-8773 NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 2 BP 845 EP 856 DI 10.1063/1.1632386 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759BN UT WOS:000187718200037 PM 15267921 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Lian, R Shkrob, IA Crowell, RA Pommeret, S Chronister, EL Liu, AD Trifunac, AD AF Zhao, L Lian, R Shkrob, IA Crowell, RA Pommeret, S Chronister, EL Liu, AD Trifunac, AD TI Ultrafast studies on the photophysics of matrix-isolated radical cations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BORIC-ACID GLASS; INTRAMOLECULAR PROTON-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONAL POPULATION RELAXATION; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; TIME-RESOLVED RAMAN; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; RESONANCE RAMAN; ENERGY-TRANSFER AB Ultrafast relaxation dynamics for photoexcited PAH cations isolated in boric acid glass have been studied using femtosecond and picosecond transient grating spectroscopy. With the exception of perylene(+), the recovery kinetics for the ground doublet (D-0) states of these radical cations are biexponential, containing fast (<200 fs) and slow (3-20 ps) components. No temperature dependence or isotope effect was observed for the fast component, whereas the slow component exhibits both the H/D isotope effect (1.1-1.3) and a strong temperature dependence (15 to 300 K). We suggest that the fast component is due to internal D-n to D-0 conversion and that the slow component is due to vibrational energy transfer (VET) from a hot D-0 state to the glass matrix. The observed rapid, efficient deactivation of the photoexcited PAH cations accounts for their remarkable photostability and has important implications for astrochemistry because these cations are the leading candidates for the species responsible for the diffuse interstellar bands (DIB) observed throughout the galaxy. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, DSM,DRECAM, SCM,URA 331, CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Crowell, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM rob_crowell@anl.gov NR 72 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1021/jp021832h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 760MU UT WOS:000187838500004 ER PT J AU Karbowiak, M Drozdzynski, J Edelstein, NM Hubert, S AF Karbowiak, M Drozdzynski, J Edelstein, NM Hubert, S TI Analysis of the absorption and emission spectra of U3+ in CsCdBr3 single crystal SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SITE-SELECTIVE SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD ANALYSIS; UP-CONVERSION; COUPLED PAIRS; IONS; ND-3+; INTENSITIES; LATTICES; CSMGBR3; LACL3 AB Laser selective excitation and emission spectra as well as sigma- and pi-polarized absorption spectra have been recorded for U3+ ions diluted in a CsCdBr3 host crystal. Three distinct U3+ sites were observed. For the principal site, which was attributed to a symmetric dimer center, 45 crystal-field energy levels in the 0-13250 cm(-1) energy range were assigned. These experimentally determined levels were fitted to thirteen parameters of a semiempirical Hamiltonian representing the combined atomic, one-electron crystal field as well as two-particle correlation crystal-field (CCF) operators, with an rms deviation of 41 cm(-1). Above 14000 cm(-1) strong electric-dipole allowed 5f(3)-5f(2)6d(1) transitions were observed. The lifetime of the (4)G(7/2) fluorescing level has been measured for each of the three U3+ sites at liquid-helium temperatures and are 2.5, 4.3, and 7.6 mus. The emission is strongly influenced by temperature due to strong phonon coupling of the 5f(3) states with the nearby 5f(2)6d(1) states. Visible upconversion fluorescence observed when pumping the I-4(9/2) - (F-4(7/2) + I-4(15/2)) absorption transitions of the principal site A is attributed to excited-state absorption (ESA). C1 Univ Wroclaw, Fac Chem, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karbowiak, M (reprint author), Univ Wroclaw, Fac Chem, Ul F Joliot Curie 14, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland. EM karb@wchuwr.chem.uni.wroc.pl NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 1 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1021/jp036209r PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 760MW UT WOS:000187838800025 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Sholl, DS Cugini, AV AF Sorescu, DC Sholl, DS Cugini, AV TI Density functional theory studies of the interaction of H, S, Ni-J, and Ni-S complexes with the MoS2 basal plane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ATOMIC-SCALE STRUCTURE; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; HYDRODESULFURIZATION CATALYSTS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BASIS-SET; THIOPHENE; ADSORPTION AB First principles calculations based on spin-polarized density functional theory and the generalized gradient approximation have been used to study the interaction of atomic and molecular hydrogen and sulfur species with bare and Ni modified MoS2(0001). The calculations employ slab geometries and periodic boundary conditions. Our calculations indicate that H-2 can be adsorbed on this surface only when sulfur defect sites are present. In this case a dissociative chemisorption process with an activation barrier of about 22 kcal/mol has been identified. Adsorption of atomic hydrogen is possible on the nondefective surface with binding energies in the range 8-16 kcal/mol. On the sulfur defective surface, the binding energy of atomic hydrogen increases to 62.2 kcal/mol. Similarly, S atoms can adsorb on the bare surface with adsorption energies in the range 33-42 kcal/mol depending on the surface coverage. For the surface with preadsorbed Ni atoms, these atoms can serve as adsorption centers for both H-x and S-x (x = 1,2) species. Additionally, they can assist dissociation of H-2 molecules. As a result of hydrogenation or sulfiding, the interaction of Ni adatoms with the surface decreases by as much as 50% relative to the case of bare Ni atoms. In turn, this leads to a decrease of the diffusion barriers of Ni-H and Ni-S-x (x = 1,2) complexes relative to the case of bare Ni atoms. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Sorescu, DC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 1 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1021/jp035824s PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 760MW UT WOS:000187838800035 ER PT J AU Baksh, MM Jaros, M Groves, JT AF Baksh, MM Jaros, M Groves, JT TI Detection of molecular interactions at membrane surfaces through colloid phase transitions SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MODEL SYSTEM; RESONANCE; GLASS AB The molecular architecture of - and biochemical processes within - cell membranes play important roles in all living organisms, with many drugs and infectious disease agents targeting membranes. Experimental studies of biochemical reactions on membrane surfaces are challenging, as they require a membrane environment that is fluid ( like cell membranes) but nevertheless allows for the efficient detection and characterization of molecular interactions. One approach uses lipid membranes supported on solid substrates such as silica or polymers(1,2): although the membrane is trapped near the solid interface, it retains natural fluidity and biological functionality(3) and can be implanted with membrane proteins for functional studies(4). But the detection of molecular interactions involving membrane-bound species generally requires elaborate techniques, such as surface plasmon resonance(5) or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy(6). Here we demonstrate that colloidal phase transitions of membrane-coated silica beads provide a simple and label-free method for monitoring molecular interactions on lipid membrane surfaces. By adjusting the lipid membrane composition and hence the pair interaction potential between the membrane-supporting silica beads, we poise our system near a phase transition so that small perturbations on the membrane surface induce dramatic changes in the macroscopic organization of the colloid. We expect that this approach, used here to probe with high sensitivity protein binding events at membrane surfaces, can be applied to study a broad range of cell membrane processes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groves, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JTGroves@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 427 IS 6970 BP 139 EP 141 DI 10.1038/nature02209 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 760YY UT WOS:000187863900031 PM 14712272 ER PT J AU Skaddan, MB Yung, CM Bergman, RG AF Skaddan, MB Yung, CM Bergman, RG TI Stoichiometric and catalytic deuterium and tritium labeling of "unactivated" organic substrates with cationic Ir(III) complexes SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID C-H ACTIVATION; BOND ACTIVATION; IRIDIUM(III) COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE; HYDROCARBONS; DEUTERATION; LIGAND AB Ir(III) complex [Cp*(PMe3)IrMe(CH2Cl2)][BArf] (1) was used to introduce deuterium stoichiometrically into substituted naphthalene/benzene templates and several "druglike" entities. The exchange process is tolerant of a wide array of functional groups. Labeling of warfarin using subatmospheric pressures of T-2 led to specific activities and total activities rivaling current functional group directed tritium labeling methods. When paired with the appropriate deuterium donor, Cp*(PMe3)Ir(H-3)OTf (4) was found to deuterate a number of organic compounds catalytically. C1 Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Skaddan, MB (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, 301 Henrietta St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. EM marc.b.skaddan@pfizer.com; bergman@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 17 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 11 EP 13 DI 10.1021/ol0359923 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 760BK UT WOS:000187790500004 PM 14703338 ER PT J AU Lewis, JC Wiedemann, SH Bergman, RG Ellman, JA AF Lewis, JC Wiedemann, SH Bergman, RG Ellman, JA TI Arylation of heterocycles via rhodium-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; ORGANIC HALIDES; REGIOSELECTIVE ARYLATION; PALLADIUM CATALYSIS; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; ARYL HALIDES; COMPLEX; ACTIVATION; ELECTROPHILES; 2-ARYLPYRIDINES AB A new method for the rhodium-catalyzed arylation of a variety of heterocycles has been developed. The reaction provided moderate to good yields of the arylated products. A preliminary mechanistic investigation of this reaction revealed the intermediacy of an isolable N-heterocyclic carbene complex. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr New Direct Organ Synthesis, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lewis, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr New Direct Organ Synthesis, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bergman@chem.berkeley.edu; jellman@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM069559] NR 39 TC 170 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1021/ol035985e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 760BK UT WOS:000187790500010 PM 14703344 ER PT J AU Frabetti, PL Cheung, HWK Cumalat, JP Dallapiccola, C Ginkel, JF Johns, WE Nehring, MS Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cihangir, S Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, L Gourlay, SA Harding, DJ Kasper, P Kreymer, A Lebrun, P Shukla, S Vittone, M Baldini-Ferroli, R Benussi, L Bertani, M Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Pacetti, S Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Culbertson, R Gardner, RW Gottschalk, E Greene, R Park, K Rahimi, A Wiss, J Alimonti, G Bellini, G Boschini, M Brambilla, D Caccianiga, B Cinquini, L DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Meroni, E Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Perasso, L Prelz, F Sala, A Sala, S Torretta, D Buchholz, D Claes, D Gobbi, B O'Reilly, B Bishop, JM Cason, NM Kennedy, CJ Kim, GN Lin, TF Puseljic, DL Ruchti, RC Shephard, WD Swiatek, JA Wu, ZY Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Castoldi, C Gianini, G Merlo, M Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Viola, L Vitulo, P Lopez, AM Mendez, L Mirles, A Montiel, E Olaya, D Ramirez, JE Rivera, C Zhang, Y Link, JM Paolone, VS Yager, PM Wilson, JR Cao, J Hosack, M Sheldon, PD Davenport, F Cho, K Danyo, K Handler, T Cheon, BG Chung, YS Kang, JS Kim, KY Lee, KB Myung, SS AF Frabetti, PL Cheung, HWK Cumalat, JP Dallapiccola, C Ginkel, JF Johns, WE Nehring, MS Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cihangir, S Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, L Gourlay, SA Harding, DJ Kasper, P Kreymer, A Lebrun, P Shukla, S Vittone, M Baldini-Ferroli, R Benussi, L Bertani, M Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Pacetti, S Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Culbertson, R Gardner, RW Gottschalk, E Greene, R Park, K Rahimi, A Wiss, J Alimonti, G Bellini, G Boschini, M Brambilla, D Caccianiga, B Cinquini, L DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Meroni, E Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Perasso, L Prelz, F Sala, A Sala, S Torretta, D Buchholz, D Claes, D Gobbi, B O'Reilly, B Bishop, JM Cason, NM Kennedy, CJ Kim, GN Lin, TF Puseljic, DL Ruchti, RC Shephard, WD Swiatek, JA Wu, ZY Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Castoldi, C Gianini, G Merlo, M Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Viola, L Vitulo, P Lopez, AM Mendez, L Mirles, A Montiel, E Olaya, D Ramirez, JE Rivera, C Zhang, Y Link, JM Paolone, VS Yager, PM Wilson, JR Cao, J Hosack, M Sheldon, PD Davenport, F Cho, K Danyo, K Handler, T Cheon, BG Chung, YS Kang, JS Kim, KY Lee, KB Myung, SS TI On the narrow dip structure at 1.9 GeV/c(2) in diffractive photoproduction SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FLUX-TUBE MODEL; BOUND-STATES; ANNIHILATION; MESONS; RESONANCES; THRESHOLD; HYBRIDS; ENERGY; QCD AB The narrow dip observed at 1.9 GeV/c(2) by the Fermilab experiment E687 in diffractive photoproduction of 37pi(+)3pi(-) is examined. The E687 data are refitted, a mechanism is proposed to explain why this resonance appears as a dip, and possible interpretations are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Frabetti, PL (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM stefano.bianco@lnf.infn.it RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013; Mat, Inct/K-2187-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Menasce, Dario Livio/A-2168-2016; OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Menasce, Dario Livio/0000-0002-9918-1686; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; bianco, stefano/0000-0002-8300-4124 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 578 IS 3-4 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 760UY UT WOS:000187854700009 ER PT J AU Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Ballintijn, M Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Lee, JW Manly, S McLeod, D Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Veres, GI Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B AF Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Ballintijn, M Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Lee, JW Manly, S McLeod, D Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Veres, GI Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B TI Charged hadron transverse momentum distributions in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; PARTON; QCD AB We present transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au + Au collisions at roots(NN) = 200 GeV. The spectra were measured for transverse momenta p(T) from 0.25 to 4.5 GeV/c in a pseudorapidity range of 0.2 < 17 < 1.4. The evolution of the spectra is studied as a function of collision centrality, from 65 to 344 participating nucleons. The results are compared to data from proton-antiproton collisions and Au + An collisions at lower RHIC energies. We find a significant change of the spectral shape between proton-antiproton and semi-peripheral Au + Au collisions. Comparing semi-peripheral to central Au + Au collisions, we find that the yields at high p(T) exhibit approximate scaling with the number of participating nucleons, rather than scaling with the number of binary collisions. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP MIT, Rm 24-504,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gunther.roland@cern.ch RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 25 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 578 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.101 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 760UY UT WOS:000187854700010 ER PT J AU Huang, H Hu, BX Wen, XH Shirley, C AF Huang, H Hu, BX Wen, XH Shirley, C TI Stochastic inverse mapping of hydraulic conductivity and sorption partitioning coefficient fields conditioning on nonreactive and reactive tracer test data SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE conditioning; heterogeneity; inverse mapping; stochastic ID HETEROGENEOUS PERMEABLE MEDIA; VARIABLY SATURATED FLOW; PIEZOMETRIC HEAD DATA; TRANSMISSIVITY FIELDS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; MASS-TRANSPORT; STEADY-STATE; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; VADOSE ZONE; AQUIFER AB [1] A three-dimensional geostatistically based iterative inverse method is presented for mapping spatial distributions of the hydraulic conductivity and sorption partitioning coefficient fields by sequential conditioning on both nonreactive and reactive tracer breakthrough data. A streamline-based semianalytical simulator is adopted to simulate chemical movement in a physically and chemically heterogeneous field and serves as the forward modeling. In this study, both the hydraulic conductivity and sorption coefficient are assumed to be random spatial variables. Within the framework of the streamline-based simulator an efficient semianalytical method is developed to calculate sensitivity coefficients of the reactive chemical concentration with respect to the changes of conductivity and sorption coefficient. The calculated sensitivities account for spatial correlations between the solute concentration and parameters. The performance of the inverse method is assessed by a synthetic tracer test conducted within an aquifer with distinct spatial features of physical and chemical heterogeneities. The study results indicate that our iterative stochastic inverse method is able to identify and reproduce the large-scale physical and chemical heterogeneity features. The conditional study on the geostatistical distributions of conductivity and sorption coefficient are expected to significantly reduce prediction uncertainties for solute transport in the medium. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Chevron Texaco Explorat & Prod Technol Co, San Ramon, CA USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 2025, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM huangh@inel.gov NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 AR W01506 DI 10.1029/2003WR002253 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 765MX UT WOS:000188288300003 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Finsterle, S AF Vasco, DW Finsterle, S TI Numerical trajectory calculations for the efficient inversion of transient flow and tracer observations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE characterization; inverse modeling; inversion; streamline; tracer; transient flow ID REACTIVE GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT; HETEROGENEOUS PERMEABLE MEDIA; SATURATED FRACTURED ROCKS; NONISOTHERMAL FLUID-FLOW; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC-HEAD; TRAVEL-TIME; SIMULATION; CONDUCTIVITY AB [1] We introduce a trajectory-based method for the inversion of flow and transport observations. The approach operates on the output of a standard numerical simulator and is applicable under very general conditions. Using only head and concentration histories, we efficiently construct the model parameter sensitivities required for solving the inverse problem. A single simulation or forward calculation is required in order to take a step in the inversion. Our formulation, based on asymptotic solutions for flow and transport, partitions the inverse problem into an arrival time and an amplitude-matching problem. Because the model parameter sensitivities are defined along trajectories, both inverse problems scale very well with respect to model size. At the migration experimental site of the Grimsel Rock Laboratory in Switzerland we utilized transient head and tracer arrival times to constrain the hydraulic conductivity between a suite of boreholes. The squared data misfit is reduced by over an order of magnitude in 30 iterations of our inversion algorithm. Each iteration requires two runs of our numerical simulator TOUGH2, one for each experiment, to construct the trajectories and associated model parameter sensitivities. We find a high-conductivity channel curving in a roughly east-west direction, in agreement with two previous studies. Estimates of model parameter resolution indicate that we can image the large-scale conductivity variations within the array of boreholes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 90,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwvasco@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009; Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 AR W01507 DI 10.1029/2003WR002362 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 765MX UT WOS:000188288300004 ER PT J AU Gentle, AP George, ND Kheyfets, A Miller, WA AF Gentle, AP George, ND Kheyfets, A Miller, WA TI The constraints as evolution equations for numerical relativity SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article AB The Einstein equations have proved surprisingly difficult to solve numerically. A standard diagnostic of the problems which plague the field is the failure of computational schemes to satisfy the constraints, which are known to be mathematically conserved by the evolution equations. We describe a new approach to rewriting the constraints as first-order evolution equations, thereby guaranteeing that they are satisfied to a chosen accuracy by any discretization scheme. This introduces a set of four subsidiary constraints which are far simpler than the standard constraint equations and which should be more easily conserved in computational applications. We explore the manner in which the momentum constraints are already incorporated in several existing formulations of the Einstein equations, and demonstrate the ease with which our new constraint-conserving approach can be incorporated into these schemes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Indiana, Dept Math, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Gentle, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM apgentle@usi.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD JAN 7 PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 AR PII S0264-9381(04)655330X DI 10.1088/0264-9381/21/1/006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 774LY UT WOS:000188982000007 ER PT J AU Stuecker, JN Miller, JE Ferrizz, RE Mudd, JE Cesarano, J AF Stuecker, JN Miller, JE Ferrizz, RE Mudd, JE Cesarano, J TI Advanced support structures for enhanced catalytic activity SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEXAALUMINATE CATALYST; COMBUSTION; METHANE; COMPOSITES AB Enhanced catalytic combustion of methane gas was achieved using novel ceramic support structures. These support structures consist of a three-dimensional lattice of rods, created by a direct fabrication technique (robocasting). The rods (725-1000 mum in diameter) are oriented in such a way as to create no line-of-sight pathways, to have high surface-to-volume ratios (15-43 cm(2)/cm(3)), and to generate highly turbulent flow, promoting increased mass transfer without sacrificing low pressure drops when compared to conventional extruded-honeycomb supports. The flow behaviours of both robocast and honeycomb supports were characterized, and the catalytic activities for the combustion of methane gas were compared. Under otherwise equivalent conditions, robocast lattices converted approximately 6 times more methane at 600 degreesC than extruded-honeycomb supports. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stuecker, JN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd Se, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jnstuec@sandia.gov RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 7 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1021/ie030291v PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 761XK UT WOS:000187940600006 ER PT J AU Dixit, NM Perelson, AS AF Dixit, NM Perelson, AS TI Complex patterns of viral load decay under antiretroviral therapy: influence of pharmacokinetics and intracellular delay SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE viral dynamics; pharmacokinetics; intracellular delay; antiretroviral therapy ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; HIV-INFECTION; IN-VIVO; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; DYNAMICS; CELL AB We present a model of HIV dynamics under antiretroviral therapy that combines drug pharmacokinetics and intracellular delay. A two compartment pharmacokinetic model is employed to determine the time evolution of the intracellular concentrations of the active forms of drugs. and thereby drug efficacy. The viral replication period is divided into pre- and post-drug action parts, allowing for the introduction of an intracellular delay in drug action. The standard model of viral dynamics is modified to account for the drug dependence of intracellular delay and continuously varying drug efficacy. Model calculations reveal that viral load decay in HIV infected patients under monotherapy can exhibit remarkably complex patterns depending on the relative magnitudes of the pharmacokinetic, intracellular, and intrinsic viral dynamic time-scales. The commonly assumed exponential decay is only a special case. However, uncertainties in measurement and the low sampling frequencies employed in present clinical studies preclude the identification of these patterns from existing clinical viral load data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 46 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JAN 7 PY 2004 VL 226 IS 1 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.09.002 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 750KT UT WOS:000186990400011 PM 14637059 ER PT J AU Anastasio, MA Shi, DX De Carlo, F Pan, XC AF Anastasio, MA Shi, DX De Carlo, F Pan, XC TI Analytic image reconstruction in local phase-contrast tomography SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB Phase-contrast tomography is a non-interferometric imaging technique for reconstructing the refractive index distribution of a weakly absorbing object from a set of tomographic projection measurements. In many practical situations, the spatial resolution of the reconstructed image can be increased by minimizing the field of view (FOV) of the imaging system. When the object of interest is larger than the FOV, the measured projections are truncated and one is faced with a local tomography reconstruction problem. In this work, we analytically and numerically investigate the problem of reconstructing tomographic images from truncated phase-contrast projection data. A simple backprojection algorithm for reconstructing object discontinuities from truncated phase-contrast projection data is proposed and investigated that involves no explicit filtering of the projection data. We also investigate the use of the filtered backprojection algorithm and a local tomography reconstruction algorithm developed for absorption CT. These reconstruction algorithms are implemented and numerically investigated to corroborate our theoretical assertions. C1 IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Anastasio, MA (reprint author), IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM anastasio@iit.edu NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JAN 7 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 121 EP 144 AR PII S0031-9155(04)68282-0 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/49/1/009 PG 24 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 769LW UT WOS:000188652400010 PM 14971777 ER PT J AU Dohner, JL Lauffer, JP Hinnerichs, TD Shankar, N Regelbrugge, M Kwan, CM Xu, R Winterbauer, B Bridger, K AF Dohner, JL Lauffer, JP Hinnerichs, TD Shankar, N Regelbrugge, M Kwan, CM Xu, R Winterbauer, B Bridger, K TI Mitigation of chatter instabilities in milling by active structural control SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID SUPPRESSION AB This paper documents the experimental validation of an active control approach for mitigating chatter in milling. To the authors knowledge, this is the first successful hardware demonstration of this approach. This approach is very different from many existing approaches that avoid instabilities by varying process parameters to seek regions of stability or by altering the regenerative process. In this approach, the stability lobes of the machine and tool are actively raised. This allows for machining at spindle speeds that are more representative of those used in existing machine tools. An active control system was implemented using actuators and sensors surrounding a spindle and tool. Due to the complexity of controlling from a stationary co-ordinate system and sensing from a rotating system, a telemetry system was used to transfer structural vibration data from the tool to a control processor. Closed-loop experiments produced up to an order of magnitude improvement in metal removal rate. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9234, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Rhombus Consultants Grp Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ingersoll Milling Machine Co, Rockford, IL 61103 USA. Act Signal Technol Inc, Cockeysville, MD 21030 USA. RP Dohner, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9234, POB 5800,Mailstop 0439, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JAN 6 PY 2004 VL 269 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00069-5 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 753HZ UT WOS:000187227100010 ER PT J AU Grossman, HL Myers, WR Vreeland, VJ Bruehl, R Alper, MD Bertozzi, CR Clarke, J AF Grossman, HL Myers, WR Vreeland, VJ Bruehl, R Alper, MD Bertozzi, CR Clarke, J TI Detection of bacteria in suspension by using a superconducting quantum interference device SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; SQUID MAGNETOMETER; NEEL RELAXATION; IMMUNOASSAYS; BIOSENSOR; MAGNETORELAXOMETRY; SYSTEM; SENSOR AB We demonstrate a technique for detecting magnetically labeled Listeria monocytogenes and for measuring the binding rate between antibody-linked magnetic particles and bacteria. This sensitive assay quantifies specific bacteria in a sample without the need to immobilize them or wash away unbound magnetic particles. In the measurement, we add 50-nm-diameter superparamagnetic magnetite particles, coated with antibodies, to an aqueous sample containing L. monocytogenes. We apply a pulsed magnetic field to align the magnetic dipole moments and use a high-transition temperature superconducting quantum interference device, an extremely sensitive detector of magnetic flux, to measure the magnetic relaxation signal when the field is turned off. Unbound particles randomize direction by Brownian rotation too quickly to be detected. In contrast, particles bound to L. monocytogenes are effectively immobilized and relax in about 1 s by rotation of the internal dipole moment. This Neel relaxation process is detected by the superconducting quantum interference device. The measurements indicate a detection limit of (5.6 +/- 1.1) x 10(6) L. monocytogenes in our sample volume of 20 mul. If the sample volume were reduced to 1 nl, we estimate that the detection limit could be improved to 230 +/- 40 L. monocytogenes cells. Time resolved measurements yield the binding rate between the particles and bacteria. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clarke, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall,7300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jclarke@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 31 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 6 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1073/pnas.0307128101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 761VY UT WOS:000187937200026 PM 14688406 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Sachenko, P Gladwell, I AF Zhang, W Sachenko, P Gladwell, I TI Thermal grain boundary grooving with anisotropic surface free energies SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE surface energy; surface diffusion; annealing; modeling; simulation ID DIHEDRAL ANGLES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; DIFFUSION; EQUILIBRIUM; PROFILES; TUNGSTEN; W(111); MODEL; FILMS AB We study the effect of anisotropic surface free energy on thermal grain boundary grooving profiles under surface diffusion using modeling, simulation and experiments with tungsten. Based on Herring's [W.E. Kingston (Ed.), The Physics of Powder Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951, p. 143] model we show that when the anisotropy is mild, the groove profiles are self-similar in the evolution but are often not in proportion to those developed under isotropic material properties. The grooving kinetics obey power laws with the exponent 1/4. When the anisotropy is critical surface faceting occurs. And, when it is severe the facets coarsen in the evolution. We exhibit the groove profiles in evolution under different degrees of anisotropy. We observe in the experiments that the {110} and {111} oriented grains develop small surface facets during annealing, as in the severely anisotropic cases, whilst those grains without crystalline orientation tilted at about 45degrees to the sample surface do not. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. EM wzhang@na-net.ornl.gov NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.08.033 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 763RL UT WOS:000188114200010 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, R Lookman, T Saxena, A Albers, RC AF Ahluwalia, R Lookman, T Saxena, A Albers, RC TI Landau theory for shape memory polycrystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE shape memory; martensites; polycrystals; stress-strain response; Landau theory ID PHASE FIELD MODEL; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; ALLOYS; SIMULATION; ENERGY; KINETICS; TEXTURE; SYSTEM; NITI AB We propose a Ginzburg-Landau theory for the elastic properties of shape memory polycrystals. A single crystal elastic free energy for a system that undergoes a square-to-rectangle transformation is generalized to a polycrystal by introducing a crystal orientational field that is deter-mined from a continuum phase-field model. The coupled system is used to study domain morphology and mechanical properties of shape memory alloys in different temperature regimes. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ahluwalia, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rajeev@viking.lanl.gov NR 26 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.09.015 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 763RL UT WOS:000188114200020 ER PT J AU Meldrum, A Buchanan, KS Hryciw, A White, W AF Meldrum, A Buchanan, KS Hryciw, A White, W TI Micropixelated luminescent nanocrystal arrays synthesized by ion implantation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILICON NANOCRYSTALS; SI NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL GAIN; LIGHT; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; IRRADIATION; NANOPARTICLES; MONOLAYERS; EMISSION AB It is shown that a simple lithographic method can result in single- or two-color "micropixelated" arrays of luminescent silicon nanoparticles. Other colors should be readily possible. This combined spatial and color control may be important with respect to future applications of these highly luminescent nanocrystalline materials. The Figure shows a fluorescence image of a patterned nanocrystal array. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meldrum, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. EM ameldrum@ualberta.ca RI Hryciw, Aaron/D-4166-2013; OI Hryciw, Aaron/0000-0003-2358-5489; Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 31 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200305694 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 770BD UT WOS:000188702500003 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI In-situ growth of "fused", ozonized single-walled carbon nanotube - CdTe quantum dot junctions" SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; CHEMISTRY AB A molecular-scale interface, consisting of a "fused" heterojunction between a nanotube and a quantum dot, has been prepared. This work is significant for the construction of functional hierarchical assemblies with unique properties. The Figure shows a schematic representation of a CdTe quantum dot grown directly onto the oxygenated surface of an ozonized single-walled carbon nanotube template (see also inside cover). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat & Chem Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 34 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200305661 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 770BD UT WOS:000188702500004 ER PT J AU Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Yu, KM Wu, J Haller, EE AF Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Yu, KM Wu, J Haller, EE TI Pressure dependence of the fundamental band-gap energy of CdSe SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; II-VI; NANOCRYSTALS; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA AB Pressure-dependent photomodulation spectroscopic studies of the optical transition associated with the fundamental bandgap of single-crystal bulk CdSe are presented. Photomodulated transmission (PT) measurements were performed at room temperature as a function of applied hydrostatic pressure using the diamond-anvil-cell technique. The sharp, derivative-like PT spectral features corresponding to the band-gap transition in CdSe were found to shift linearly toward higher energy with increasing pressure. By examining the pressure dependence of the PT spectra, the pressure coefficient for the direct band gap of wurtzite CdSe was determined to be 43.1 meV/GPa. The hydrostatic deformation potential of the band gap was found to be -2.3 eV. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wshan@lbl.gov RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1063/1.1638879 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 759BH UT WOS:000187717600023 ER PT J AU Zheng, P Pennacchio, LA Le Goff, W Rubin, EM Smith, JD AF Zheng, P Pennacchio, LA Le Goff, W Rubin, EM Smith, JD TI Identification of a novel enhancer of brain expression near the apoE gene cluster by comparative genomics SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE neuron; apolipoprotein E; gene expression; genomics ID HUMAN APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TRANSGENIC MICE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; E POLYMORPHISM; CONTROL REGION; MESSENGER-RNA; NEURONS; ALLELE AB Comparative analysis of the human and mouse genomic sequences downstream of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) revealed a highly conserved element with previously undefined function. In reporter gene transfection studies, this element which is located - 42 kb distal to APOE was found to have silencer activity in a subset of cell lines examined. Analysis of transgenic mice containing a fusion construct linking this distal 631 by conserved element to a reporter gene comprised of the human APOE gene with its proximal promoter resulted in robust brain expression of the transgenic human apoE mRNA in three independent transgenic lines, supporting the identification of a novel brain controlling region (BCR). Further studies using immunohistochemistry revealed widespread human apoE localization throughout the brains of the BCR-apoE transgenic mice with prominent expression in the cortex and diencephalon. In addition, double-label immunofluorescence performed on brain sections and cultures of primary cortical cells localized human apoE protein to cortical neurons and microglia. These studies demonstrate that comparative sequence analysis is a successful strategy to predict candidate regulatory regions in vivo, although they do not imply that this element controls apoE expression physiologically. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cell Biol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Biochem Genet & Metab Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, JD (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cell Biol, NC10,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM smithj@lerner.ccf.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL66681, HL66082] NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 1676 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2003.10.007 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 766VG UT WOS:000188400700005 PM 14732489 ER PT J AU Regan, JD Trosko, JE Carrier, WL AF Regan, JD Trosko, JE Carrier, WL TI Evidence for excision of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers from the DNA of human cells in vitro (Reprinted) SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Reprint ID MAMMALIAN CELLS; THYMINE DIMERS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; HELA CELLS; LIGHT; POPULATIONS; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; INDUCTION; CULTURES AB Within 12-24 hr after human cells were irradiated with ultraviolet light, approximately 50% of the ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers were lost from the DNA. Pyrimidine dimers were found in the TCA-soluble fraction of ultraviolet-irradiated cells at 24 hr. Excess thymidine, caffeine, or hydroxyurea. had no effect on the loss of pyrimidine dimers from the DNA of ultraviolet-irradiated cells. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Regan, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 764QX UT WOS:000188218500012 ER PT J AU Kim, HY Ruhm, A Lurio, LB Basu, JK Lal, J Mochrie, SGJ Sinha, SK AF Kim, HY Ruhm, A Lurio, LB Basu, JK Lal, J Mochrie, SGJ Sinha, SK TI Polymer film dynamics using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Molecular Electronics and Devices Symposium CY MAR 28-29, 2003 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA DE X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy; X-ray scattering; polymer films; dynamics ID GLASS-TRANSITION; POLYSTYRENE AB A new method of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is applied for probing the dynamics of surface height fluctuations as a function of lateral length scale in supported polymer films. The short wavelength and slow time scales characteristic of XPCS extend the phase space accessible to scattering studies beyond some restrictions by light and neutron. Measurements were carried out on polystyrene films of thicknesses ranging from 84 to 333 nm at temperatures above the PS glass transition temperature. We present the experimental verification of the theoretical predictions for the thickness, wave vector and temperature dependence of the capillary wave relaxation times for supported polymeric films above the glass transition temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Max Planck Inst Met Res, Stuttgart, Germany. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, HY (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM hkim@sogang.ac.kr NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.038 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 762KA UT WOS:000187969700003 ER PT J AU Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ AF Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ TI A transient method for characterizing flow regimes in a circulating fluid bed SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circulating fluid bed; flow regimes; fast fluidization; transfort velocity; saturated carrying capacity; statistical analysis; transient ID GAS; FLUIDIZATION; TRANSPORT AB In recent years, although an increasing number of literature have been devoted to circulating fluidized bed (CFB), the prediction of velocities over which different fluidization regimes exist is still difficult. In this study, a transient method was applied which readily allows one to identify operational features and critical transitions. The method is based on stopping the solids flow rate into the riser when riser is operating in fully dense transport regime. The analysis of transient pressure drop data across the riser during a solids flow cut-off experiment against its time derivative demonstrate the three distinct operating regimes that exist as the gas deplete the solid out of the riser. The transient was compared to data taken under steady state operations using statistically designed experiments. Results indicated that although there were significant differences when comparing operations in dilute conditions, there were no significant differences between the two methods in the fast fluidized and dense transport regimes. The transient method was capable of reproducing the solids circulation dependence on riser solids holdup and on the axial pressure profile. This transient method offers an accurate, easy, rapid, and reproducible means of characterizing CFB operations over a wide range of flow conditions. The lack of accuracy in the dilute regime is conjectured to be due to the wide particle size distribution that resulted in segregation during the transient testing. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. REM Engn Serv, PLLC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shadle, LJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM lshadl@netl.doe.gov OI Shadle, Lawrence/0000-0002-6283-3628 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 139 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.10.007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 765TX UT WOS:000188300800011 ER PT J AU Zheng, F Bordia, RK Pederson, LR AF Zheng, F Bordia, RK Pederson, LR TI Phase constitution in Sr and Mg doped LaGaO3 system SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE oxides; X-ray diffraction; phase equilibria; crystal structure; ionic conductivity ID OXIDE-ION CONDUCTOR; POWDER NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; LANTHANUM GALLATE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PEROVSKITE; TRANSITION; STRONTIUM; FILMS; LA0.9SR0.1GA0.8MG0.2O2.85 AB Sr and Mg doped lanthanum gallate perovskites (La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3-delta, shortened as LSGM-XY where X and Y are the doping levels in mole percentage (mol%) at the La- or A-site and the Ga- or B-site, respectively) are promising electrolyte materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this study, we have investigated the primary perovskites as well as the secondary phases formed in terms of doping content changes and A/B ratio variations in these materials. Fifteen powder compositions (three doping levels, X = Y = 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mol; and five A/B ratios 0.95, 0.98, 1.00, 1.02, and 1.05) were synthesized by the glycine-nitrate combustion process (GNP). These powders were equilibrated by calcining at 1500 degreesC for 9 h prior to crystalline phase characterization by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). From the results of this study and the available phase diagrams in the literature on constituent binary oxide systems, we propose a crystalline phase diagram of the La2O3-SrO-Ga2O3-MgO quaternary system at elevated temperature (1500 degreesC). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat & Chem Sci Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bordia, RK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 302 Roberts Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bordia@u.washington.edu RI pelosato, renato/E-9950-2010 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD JAN 3 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 141 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0025-5408(03)00140-5 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 762ZL UT WOS:000188042700016 ER PT J AU Ioannidis, JPA Tatsioni, A Abrams, EJ Bulterys, M Coombs, RW Goedert, JJ Korber, BT Mayaux, MJ Mofenson, LM Moye, J Newell, ML Shapiro, DE Teglas, JP Thompson, B Wiener, J AF Ioannidis, JPA Tatsioni, A Abrams, EJ Bulterys, M Coombs, RW Goedert, JJ Korber, BT Mayaux, MJ Mofenson, LM Moye, J Newell, ML Shapiro, DE Teglas, JP Thompson, B Wiener, J TI Maternal viral load and rate of disease progression among vertically HIV-1-infected children: an international meta-analysis SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE viral load; vertical transmission; meta-analysis; disease progression; AIDS ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTED CHILDREN; HIV-1 INFECTION; INFANTS; RISK; RNA; CCR5-DELTA-32; LIFE; ALLELES AB Objective: To evaluate whether maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in the serum/plasma of mothers at or close to the time of delivery affects the rate of disease progression among vertically HIV-1-infected children and whether it correlates with other parameters affecting infant disease progression. Methods: International meta-analysis of eight studies with 574 HIV-1 infected infants with available maternal HIV-1 RNA measurements at or close to delivery and clinical follow-up. The primary outcome was disease progression (stage C disease or death, n=178). Cohort-stratified Cox models were used. Results: Higher maternal HIV-1 RNA level at or close to delivery significantly increased disease progression risk [hazard ratio (HR), 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.52 per 1 log(10) increase; P=0.02) with a borderline effect on mortality (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.96-1.65; P=0.10]. The association with disease progression risk was strong in the first 6 months of life (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.28-2.45; P=0.001), but not subsequently (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.81-1.30). Maternal HIV-1 RNA, early infant HIV-1 RNA (at 30-200 days after birth) and infant CD4 were independent predictors of disease progression in the first 6 months. Maternal HIV-1 RNA at or close to delivery correlated with early infant HIV-1 RNA (r=0.26, P<0.001). Effects were independent of maternal and infant treatment. Conclusions: Higher maternal HIV-1 RNA at or close to delivery strongly predicts disease progression for HIV-1-infected infants, especially in their first 6 months of life and correlates with the early peak of viremia in the infected child. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Biomed Res Inst, Ioannina, Greece. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Care Res, Boston, MA USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mother Child Transmiss & Pediat & Adolescent Stud, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. INSERM, U569, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Inst Child Hlth, European Collaborat Study Coordinating Ctr, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Clin Trials & Surveys Corp, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Clin & Mol Epidemiol Unit, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM jioannid@cc.uoi.gr RI Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808; moye, john/0000-0001-9976-8586; Newell, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI 85339, U01 AI 34840, U01 AI 34841, U01 AI 34842, U01 AI 34856, U01 AI 34858]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-1HD-25714, HD-8-2913] NR 33 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000088200.77946.42 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 776DN UT WOS:000189101600012 PM 15090835 ER PT J AU Kim, YC Yakunin, AF Kuznetsova, E Xu, XH Pennycooke, M Gu, J Cheung, F Proudfoot, M Arrowsmith, CH Joachimiak, A Edwards, AM Christendat, D AF Kim, YC Yakunin, AF Kuznetsova, E Xu, XH Pennycooke, M Gu, J Cheung, F Proudfoot, M Arrowsmith, CH Joachimiak, A Edwards, AM Christendat, D TI Structure- and function-based characterization of a new phosphoglycolate phosphatase from Thermoplasma acidophilum SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHOSPHOSERINE PHOSPHATASE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; ENZYME; DEHALOGENASE; INTERMEDIATE; HYDROLASE; PATHWAY; FOLD AB The protein TA0175 has a large number of sequence homologues, most of which are annotated as unknown and a few as belonging to the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily, but has no known biological function. Using a combination of amino acid sequence analysis, three-dimensional crystal structure information, and kinetic analysis, we have characterized TA0175 as phosphoglycolate phosphatase from Thermoplasma acidophilum. The crystal structure of TA0175 revealed two distinct domains, a larger core domain and a smaller cap domain. The large domain is composed of a centrally located five-stranded parallel beta-sheet with strand order S10, S9, S8, S1, S2 and a small beta-hairpin, strands S3 and S4. This central sheet is flanked by a set of three alpha-helices on one side and two helices on the other. The smaller domain is composed of an open faced beta-sandwich represented by three antiparallel beta-strands, S5, S6, and S7, flanked by two oppositely oriented alpha-helices, H3 and H4. The topology of the large domain is conserved; however, structural variation is observed in the smaller domain among the different functional classes of the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily. Enzymatic assays on TA0175 revealed that this enzyme catalyzed the dephosphorylation of phosphoglycolate in vitro with similar kinetic properties seen for eukaryotic phosphoglycolate phosphatase. Activation by divalent cations, especially Mg2+, and competitive inhibition behavior with Cl- ions are similar between TA0175 and phosphoglycolate phosphatase. The experimental evidence presented for TA0175 is indicative of phosphoglycolate phosphatase. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. Clin Genom Ctr Preteom, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. RP Edwards, AM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. RI Yakunin, Alexander/J-1519-2014; OI Yakunin, Alexander/0000-0003-0813-6490 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414, GM62414-01, P50 GM062414-01] NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 1 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1074/jbc.M306054200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 757GU UT WOS:000187555300062 PM 14555659 ER PT J AU Yang, JK Yoon, HJ Ahn, HJ Lee, BI Pedelacq, JD Liong, EC Berendzen, J Laivenieks, M Vieille, C Zeikus, GJ Vocadlo, DJ Withers, SG Suh, SW AF Yang, JK Yoon, HJ Ahn, HJ Lee, BI Pedelacq, JD Liong, EC Berendzen, J Laivenieks, M Vieille, C Zeikus, GJ Vocadlo, DJ Withers, SG Suh, SW TI Crystal structure of beta-D-xylosidase from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum, a family 39 glycoside hydrolase SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE family 39 glycoside hydrolase; xylosidase; xylan; xylose; covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate ID CLAN GH-A; SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION; COVALENT INTERMEDIATE; ENZYME INTERMEDIATE; STRAIN B6A-RI; X-RAY; SITE; REPLACEMENT; SEQUENCE; INSIGHTS AB 1,4-beta-D-Xylan is the major component of plant cell-wall hemicelluloses. beta-D-Xylosidases are involved in the breakdown of xylans into xylose and belong to families 3, 39, 43, 52, and 54 of glycoside hydrolases. Here, we report the first crystal structure of a member of family 39 glycoside hydrolase, i.e. beta-D-xylosidase from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum strain B6A-RI. This study also represents the first structure of any P-xylosidase of the above five glycoside hydrolase families. Each monomer of T saccharolyticum P-xylosidase comprises three distinct domains; a catalytic domain of the canonical (P/alpha)(8)-barrel fold, a P-sandwich domain, and a small alpha-helical domain. We have determined the structure in two forms: D-xylose-bound enzyme and a covalent 2-deoxy2-fluoro-alpha-D-xylosyl-enzyme intermediate complex, thus providing two snapshots in the reaction pathway. This study provides structural evidence for the proposed double displacement mechanism that involves a covalent intermediate. Furthermore, it reveals possible functional roles for His228 as the auxiliary acid/base and Glu323 as a key residue in substrate recognition. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Struct Proteom Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Suh, SW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Struct Proteom Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM sewonsuh@snu.ac.kr RI Pedelacq, Jean-Denis/C-6053-2011; Suh, Se Won/H-8306-2013; Vocadlo, David/E-5508-2014 OI Suh, Se Won/0000-0002-1768-4635; Vocadlo, David/0000-0001-6897-5558 NR 47 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 EI 1089-8638 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 335 IS 1 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.10.026 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 761BP UT WOS:000187879600012 PM 14659747 ER PT J AU Kwon, YD Nagy, I Adams, PD Baumeister, W Jap, BK AF Kwon, YD Nagy, I Adams, PD Baumeister, W Jap, BK TI Crystal structures of the Rhodococcus proteasome with and without its pro-peptides: Implications for the role of the pro-peptide in proteasome assembly SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proteasome assembly; pro-peptide; inter-subunit contacts; assembly/activation; Rhodococcus erythropolis ID 20S PROTEASOME; SUBUNIT; MATURATION; RESOLUTION; ACIDOPHILUM; COMPLETION; PROGRAM; SYSTEM AB To understand the role of the pro-peptide in proteasome assembly, we have determined structures of the Rhodococcus proteasome and a mutant form that prevents the autocatalytic removal of its pro-peptides. The structures reveal that the pro-peptide acts as an assembly-promoting factor by linking its own beta-subunit to two adjacent alpha-subunits, thereby providing a molecular explanation for the observed kinetics of proteasome assembly. The Rhodococcus proteasome has been found to have a substantially smaller contact region between alpha-subunits compared to those regions in the proteasomes of Thermoplasma, yeast, and mammalian cells, suggesting that a smaller contact area between alpha-subunits is likely the structural basis for the Rhodococcus alpha-subunits not assembling into alpha-rings when expressed alone. Analysis of all available beta-subunit structures shows that the contact area between beta-subunits within a beta-ring is not sufficient for beta-ring self-assembly without the additional contact provided by the alpha-ring. This appears to be a fail-safe mechanism ensuring that the active sites on the beta-subunits are activated only after proteasome assembly is complete. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Comparat Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Biochem, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jap, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Comparat Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bkjap@lbl.gov RI Kwon, Young Do/A-6957-2010; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 NR 40 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 335 IS 1 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.08.029 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 761BP UT WOS:000187879600018 PM 14659753 ER PT J AU Faham, S Yang, D Bare, E Yohannan, S Whitelegge, JP Bowie, JU AF Faham, S Yang, D Bare, E Yohannan, S Whitelegge, JP Bowie, JU TI Side-chain contributions to membrane protein structure and stability SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteriorhodopsin; hydrogen bond; van der Waals; protein folding; helix kink ID HELIX-HELIX INTERACTIONS; TRANSMEMBRANE HELIX; HALOBACTERIUM-HALOBIUM; POLAR RESIDUES; ALPHA-HELICES; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; ASSOCIATION; PEPTIDES; MUTATIONS; MODEL AB The molecular forces that stabilize membrane protein structure are poorly understood. To investigate these forces we introduced alanine substitutions at 24 positions in the B helix of bacteriorhodopsin and examined their effects on structure and stability. Although most of the results can be rationalized in terms of the folded structure, there are a number of surprises. (1) We find a remarkably high frequency of stabilizing mutations (17%), indicating that membrane proteins are not highly optimized for stability. (2) Helix B is kinked, with the kink centered around Pro50. The P50A mutation has no effect on stability, however, and a crystal structure reveals that the helix remains bent, indicating that tertiary contacts dominate in the distortion of this helix. (3) We find that the protein is stabilized by about 1 kcal/mol for every 38 Angstrom(2) of surface area buried, which is quite similar to soluble proteins in spite of their dramatically different environments. (4) We find little energetic difference, on average, in the burial of apolar surface or polar surface area, implying that van der Waals packing is the dominant force that drives membrane protein folding. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biochem & Chem, UCLA DOE, Ctr Genom & Prote,Mol Biol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biochem & Chem, UCLA DOE, Ctr Genom & Prote,Mol Biol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bowie@mbi.ucla.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM63919] NR 57 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 335 IS 1 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.10.041 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 761BP UT WOS:000187879600023 PM 14659758 ER PT J AU Stanger, KJ Angelici, RJ AF Stanger, KJ Angelici, RJ TI Hydrodefluorination of fluorobenzene catalyzed by rhodium metal prepared from [Rh(COD)(2)]+BF4- and supported on SiO2 and Pd-SiO2 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE immobilized metal catalysts; hydrodefluorination; fluorobenzene; rhodium; silica; palladium ID CARBON-FLUORINE BONDS; C-F BONDS; ARENE HYDROGENATION; COMPLEXES; SILICA; PALLADIUM; HYDROGENOLYSIS; ACTIVATION; BENZENE; DEHALOGENATION AB The effects of solvent, pH, temperature, and hydrogen pressure were determined for the reaction of fluorobenzene (PhF) with hydrogen gas catalyzed by supported rhodium metal on silica. Non-polar and aprotic solvents, heptane and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), favor hydrogenation to fluorocyclohexane (CyF). Polar and protic solvents, heptane/methanol and heptane/water, favor hydrodefluorination to benzene (PhH) and subsequent hydrogenation to cyclohexane (CyH). The hydrodefluorination-hydrogenation of fluorobenzene to cyclohexane via benzene proceeds fastest in heptane/water under acidic conditions. For the hydrodefluorination of fluorobenzene in heptane/water, the hydrodefluorination product, benzene, inhibited further hydrodefluorination of fluorobenzene. In heptane or DCE, a side reaction between fluorocyclohexane and hydrogen fluoride, not catalyzed by rhodium, was discovered that provides an alternate pathway to cyclohexane. Reaction conditions can be modified to yield primarily fluorocyclohexane, benzene, or cyclohexane. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, 2311 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 207 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(03)00465-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 754UM UT WOS:000187350100008 ER PT J AU Tsui, F Chu, YS AF Tsui, F Chu, YS TI The combinatorial approach: A useful tool for studying epitaxial processes in doped magnetic semiconductors SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Combinatorial and High-Throughput Approaches in Polymer and Materials Science CY JUN, 2003 CL EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS DE magnetic semiconductors; molecular beam epitaxy; phase diagrams; spintronics; X-ray ID DISLOCATIONS; MULTILAYERS; TRANSITION; DEFECTS; FILMS; MN; FE AB We describe the recent discovery of promising new Ge-based magnetic semiconductors and heterostructures using combinatorial molecular-beam epitaxy for the science and applications of spintronics. We discuss key experimental considerations for implementing combinatorial synthesis and characterization, and highlight important findings in epitaxial films of (100) Ge doped by Co and Mn, specifically the ternary epitaxial phase-diagram, and the novel magnetic and electrical-transport phenomena. We illustrate the natural "marriage" between the controlled synthesis and combinatorial approach, and demonstrate the usefulness of the approach for studying complex epitaxial process. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsui, F (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ftsui@physics.unc.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1002/marc.200300188 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 766PT UT WOS:000188385300017 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Liu, FZ Han, DX AF Wang, Q Liu, FZ Han, DX TI High-throughput chemical vapor deposition system and thin-film silicon library SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Combinatorial and High-Throughput Approaches in Polymer and Materials Science CY JUN, 2003 CL EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS DE hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD); hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si : H); microcrystalline silicon (mu c-Si); Raman spectroscopy; thin films ID MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; COMBINATORIAL; HYDROGEN; GROWTH; SI AB Thin-film Si materials library were fabricated rapidly on glass substrates using the combinatorial hot-wire CVD technique. We found that the films with high hydrogen dilution become microcrystalline Si, and the films with no and low hydrogen dilution remain in the amorphous Si structure. We also found that the ratio of hydrogen to silane (R) is a good measure of the structure change. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM qi_wang@nrel.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1002/marc.200300151 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 766PT UT WOS:000188385300039 ER PT J AU Taylor, MP Readey, DW Teplin, CW van Hest, MFAM Alleman, JL Dabney, MS Gedvilas, LM Keyes, BM To, B Parilla, PA Perkins, JD Ginley, DS AF Taylor, MP Readey, DW Teplin, CW van Hest, MFAM Alleman, JL Dabney, MS Gedvilas, LM Keyes, BM To, B Parilla, PA Perkins, JD Ginley, DS TI Combinatorial growth and analysis of the transparent conducting oxide ZnO/In (IZO) SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Combinatorial and High-Throughput Approaches in Polymer and Materials Science CY JUN, 2003 CL EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS DE coatings; combinatorial; indium zinc oxide; sputtering; thin films; transparent conducting oxide ID THIN-FILMS AB Compositionally graded, combinatorial libraries of indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) were grown by DC-magnetron sputtering on glass at 100degreesC. The In content ranged from 5 to 50 cation-%. The highest conductivity, sigma = 2 000 Omega(-1) . cm(-1) with mu = 25 cm(2).V-1 . s(-1), was found at approximate to 50% In content with a visible transmittance greater than 80%. The (00l) layer spacing increased from approximate to2.6 to 2.85 Angstrom as the In content increased from 5 to 50%. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM john_perkins@nrel.gov NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.1002/marc.200300231 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 766PT UT WOS:000188385300043 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP Liddle, JA Anderson, EH Gullikson, EM Mirkarimi, P Salmassi, F Spiller, E AF Naulleau, PP Liddle, JA Anderson, EH Gullikson, EM Mirkarimi, P Salmassi, F Spiller, E TI Fabrication of high-efficiency multilayer-coated gratings for the EUV regime using e-beam patterned substrates SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE extreme ultraviolet; diffractive optics; blazed grating; multilayer coating; electron-beam lithography ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY REGION; WAVELENGTH REGION; PERFORMANCE; COATINGS; MO/SI AB The use of multilayer reflection coatings has proven to be an effective means for improving the efficiency of soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet gratings. These techniques have recently been extended to e-beam-patterned binary blazed substrates. Here we present further refinement of the e-bearn-patterned substrate method, demonstrating near normal-incidence reflection efficiencies as high as 41% into the first-diffracted order. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 229 IS 1-6 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2003.11.005 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 759FJ UT WOS:000187727400013 ER PT S AU Stark, D Davis, J AF Stark, D Davis, J GP ieee computer society TI Friendly object tracking and foreign object detection and localization with an SDAC wireless sensor network SO 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FUTURE TRENDS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS 2004) CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Suzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SW Univ, Suzhou Municipal Govt, Soochow Univ, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Proc AB This paper presents a proof-of-concept wireless sensor network for detecting and tracking friendly objects and detecting and localizing foreign objects. The network incorporates a novel sensor network methodology to Sense its surroundings, Decide in-network what the situation in its surroundings is, Act on this decision, and Communicate its results to a user (SDAC). The system also performs in-network data fusion and data reduction and demonstrates the use of an adaptable hardware and software platform. The end user is presented with a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) viewer showing when and where objects are detected. The viewer is able to display tracking information about friendly objects by searching a database for events involving specific friendly objects. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dpstark@sandia.gov; jzdavis@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1071-0485 BN 0-7695-2118-5 J9 INT WKSHP FUT TR DIS PY 2004 BP 30 EP 36 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAH59 UT WOS:000222238800005 ER PT S AU Wu, X Yan, Y Dhere, RG Zhang, Y Zhou, J Perkins, C To, B AF Wu, X Yan, Y Dhere, RG Zhang, Y Zhou, J Perkins, C To, B BE Munoz, M Tamargo, M Furdyna, J Luo, H TI Nanostructured CdS : O film: preparation, properties, and application SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON II-VI COMPOUNDS (II-VI 2003), PROCEEDINGS SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NY ID CDTE AB In this paper, we report on a novel material: nanostructured CdS:O film prepared at room temperature by rf sputtering, and its application in CdTe solar cells. The CdS:O film has a higher optical bandgap (2.5-3.1 eV) than the poly-CdS film and a nanostructure; the bandgap increases with an increase of oxygen content (from similar to4 at.% to similar to23 at.%) and a decrease of grain size (from about a few hundred Angstrom to a few tenths Angstrom). Our results have also demonstrated that the higher oxygen content presented in the nanostructured CdS:O films can significantly suppress the Te diffusion from the CdTe into the CdS film and the formation of a CdS1-yTey alloy with a lower bandgap that results in poor quantum efficiency in the short-wavelength region. The preliminary device results have demonstrated that the J(sc) of the CdTe device can be greatly improved by exploiting the thin nanostructured CdS:O film, while maintaining higher V c and FF. We have fabricated a CdTe cell demonstrating an NREL-confirmed total-area efficiency of 15.5%. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM xuanzhi_wu@nrel.gov NR 11 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1862-6351 BN 3-527-40510-0 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2004 VL 1 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1066 DI 10.1002/pssc.200304217 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY95D UT WOS:000189502900105 ER PT B AU Gokhale, M Ahrens, C Frigo, J Wolinski, C AF Gokhale, M Ahrens, C Frigo, J Wolinski, C GP ieee computer society TI Communications scheduling for concurrent processes on reconfigurable computers SO 12TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 20-23, 2004 CL Napa, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Comp Architecture DE reconfigurable computing; FPGA; Configurable System on a Chip; cellular array; high level synthesis; scheduling AB We describe a unified approach to scheduling point-to-point uni-directional communications among concurrent FPGA-based hardware processes. In this model, processes have separate address spaces, and share data through communication. Once a channel is written, it may not be re-written until the receiving process reads the data. Thus if the writer process is ready before the reader has read the previous message, the writer must stall. We present an algorithm to automatically generate synchronized hardware schedules for the parallel processes that communicate, so that hardware stall management is not required. The algorithm requires that the parallel processes conform to certain constraints in program control structures and communications forms. If the processes do not conform to these requirements, hardware-supported stall mechanisms are used. We quantify the impact in area and clock speed between compiler-generated synchronization of process schedules and run-time, hardware-mediated synchronization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Gokhale, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2230-0 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2004 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1109/FCCM.2004.22 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE65 UT WOS:000225131700018 ER PT B AU Underwood, KD Hemmert, KS AF Underwood, KD Hemmert, KS GP ieee computer society TI Closing the gap: CPU and FPGA trends in sustainable floating-point BLAS performance SO 12TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 20-23, 2004 CL Napa, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Comp Architecture DE IEEE floating point; arithmetic; FPGA; reconfigurable computing AB Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have long been an attractive alternative to microprocessors for computing tasks - as long as floating-point arithmetic is not required. Fueled by the advance of Moore's Law, FPGAs are rapidly reaching sufficient densities to enhance peak floating-point performance as well. The question, however is how much of this peak performance can be sustained. This paper examines three of the basic linear algebra subroutine (BLAS) functions: vector dot product, matrix-vector multiply, and matrix multiply. A comparison of microprocessors, FPGAs, and Reconfigurable Computing platforms is performed for each operation. The analysis highlights the amount of memory bandwidth and internal storage needed to sustain peak performance with FPGAs. This analysis considers the historical context of the last six years and is extrapolated for the next six years. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kdunder@sandia.gov; kshemme@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2230-0 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2004 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1109/FCCM.2004.21 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE65 UT WOS:000225131700021 ER PT B AU Petrini, F Moreira, J Nieplocha, J Seager, M Stunkel, C Thorson, G Terry, P Varadarajan, S AF Petrini, F Moreira, J Nieplocha, J Seager, M Stunkel, C Thorson, G Terry, P Varadarajan, S GP ieee computer society TI What are the future trends in high-performance interconnects for parallel computers? SO 12TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE INTERCONNECTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnects CY AUG 25-27, 2004 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP IEEE HO Stanford Univ C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrini, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8686-8 PY 2004 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBA92 UT WOS:000224458200003 ER PT B AU Dunigan, TH Vetter, JS Worley, PH AF Dunigan, TH Vetter, JS Worley, PH GP ieee computer society TI Performance evaluation of the Cray X1 distributed shared memory architecture SO 12TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE INTERCONNECTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnects CY AUG 25-27, 2004 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP IEEE HO Stanford Univ AB The Cray X1 supercomputer is a distributed shared memory vector multiprocessor, scalable to 4096 processors and up to 65 terabytes of memory. The X1's hierarchical design uses the basic building block of the multi-streaming processor (MSP), which is capable of 12.8 GF/s for 64-bit operations. The distributed shared memory (DSM) of the X1 presents a 64-bit global address space that is directly addressable from every MSP with an interconnect bandwidth per computation rate of one byte per floating point operation. Our results show that this high bandwidth and low latency for remote memory accesses translates into improved application performance on important applications, such as an Eulerian gyro kinetic-Maxwell solver. Furthermore, this architecture naturally supports programming models like the Cray shmem API, Unified Parallel C (UPC), and Co-Array FORTRAN (CAF), and it is imperative to select the appropriate models to exploit these features as our benchmarks demonstrate. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dunigan, TH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 5600, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8686-8 PY 2004 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1109/CONECT.2004.1375194 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBA92 UT WOS:000224458200007 ER PT B AU Amin, K Hategan, M von Laszewski, G Zaluzec, NJ AF Amin, K Hategan, M von Laszewski, G Zaluzec, NJ GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Abstracting the Grid SO 12TH EUROMICRO CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL, DISTRIBUTED AND NETWORK-BASED PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Euromicro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing CY FEB 11-13, 2004 CL Coruna, SPAIN AB Grid approach allows collaborative pooling of distributed resources across multiple domains. However, the benefits of the Grid are limited to those offered by the commodity application development framework used. Several elegant and flexible application development frameworks support only specific Grid architectures, thereby not allowing the applications to exploit the full potential of the Grid. In order to initiate community interest to standardize a high-level abstraction layer for diffrent Grid architectures, this paper introduces a collection of abstractions and data structures that collectively build a basis for an Open Grid Conmputing Environment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gregor@mcs.anl.gov RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2083-9 PY 2004 BP 250 EP 257 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY62P UT WOS:000189424200033 ER PT B AU Senecal, JG Lindstrom, P Duchaineau, MA Joy, KI AF Senecal, JG Lindstrom, P Duchaineau, MA Joy, KI GP IEEE Comp Soc TI An improved N-bit to N-bit reversible Haar-like transform SO 12TH PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (PG 2004) CY OCT 06-08, 2004 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA AB We introduce the Piecewise-Linear Haar (PLHaar) transform, a reversible n-bit to n-bit transform that is based on the Haar wavelet transform. PLHaar is continuous, while all current n-bit to n-bit methods are not, and is therefore uniquely usable with both lossy and lossless methods (e.g. image compression). PLHaar has both integer and continuous (i.e. non-discrete) forms. By keeping the coefficients to n bits PLHaar is particularly suited for use in hardware environments where channel width is limited, such as digital video channels and graphics hardware. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, L-419,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM senecal1@llnl.gov; pl@llnl.gov; duchaine@llnl.gov; kijoy@ucdavis.edu OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2234-3 PY 2004 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1109/PCCGA.2004.1348368 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBC59 UT WOS:000224834800040 ER PT B AU Foster, I Gieraltowski, J Gose, S Maltsev, N May, E Rodriguez, A Sulakhe, D Vaniachine, A Shank, J Youssef, S Adams, D Baker, R Deng, W Smith, J Yu, D Legrand, I Singh, S Steenberg, C Xia, Y Afaq, A Berman, E Annis, J Bauerdick, LAT Ernst, M Fisk, I Giacchetti, L Graham, G Heavey, A Kaiser, J Kuropatkin, N Pordes, R Sekhri, V Weigand, J Wu, Y Baker, K Sorrillo, L Huth, J Allen, M Grundhoefer, L Hicks, J Luehring, F Peck, S Quick, R Simms, S Fekete, G vandenBerg, J Cho, K Kwon, K Son, D Park, H Canon, S Jackson, K Konerding, DE Lee, J Olson, D Sakrejda, I Tierney, B Green, M Miller, R Letts, J Martin, T Bury, D Dumitrescu, C Engh, D Gardner, R Mambelli, M Smirnov, Y Voeckler, J Wilde, M Zhao, Y Zhao, X Avery, P Cavanaugh, R Kim, B Prescott, C Rodriguez, J Zahn, A McKee, S Jordan, C Prewett, J Thomas, T Severini, H Clifford, B Deelman, E Flon, L Kesselman, C Mehta, G Olomu, N Vahi, K De, K McGuigan, P Sosebee, M Bradley, D Couvares, P De Smet, A Kireyev, C Paulson, E Roy, A Koranda, S Moe, B Brown, B Sheldon, P AF Foster, I Gieraltowski, J Gose, S Maltsev, N May, E Rodriguez, A Sulakhe, D Vaniachine, A Shank, J Youssef, S Adams, D Baker, R Deng, W Smith, J Yu, D Legrand, I Singh, S Steenberg, C Xia, Y Afaq, A Berman, E Annis, J Bauerdick, LAT Ernst, M Fisk, I Giacchetti, L Graham, G Heavey, A Kaiser, J Kuropatkin, N Pordes, R Sekhri, V Weigand, J Wu, Y Baker, K Sorrillo, L Huth, J Allen, M Grundhoefer, L Hicks, J Luehring, F Peck, S Quick, R Simms, S Fekete, G vandenBerg, J Cho, K Kwon, K Son, D Park, H Canon, S Jackson, K Konerding, DE Lee, J Olson, D Sakrejda, I Tierney, B Green, M Miller, R Letts, J Martin, T Bury, D Dumitrescu, C Engh, D Gardner, R Mambelli, M Smirnov, Y Voeckler, J Wilde, M Zhao, Y Zhao, X Avery, P Cavanaugh, R Kim, B Prescott, C Rodriguez, J Zahn, A McKee, S Jordan, C Prewett, J Thomas, T Severini, H Clifford, B Deelman, E Flon, L Kesselman, C Mehta, G Olomu, N Vahi, K De, K McGuigan, P Sosebee, M Bradley, D Couvares, P De Smet, A Kireyev, C Paulson, E Roy, A Koranda, S Moe, B Brown, B Sheldon, P GP ieee computer society TI The Grid2003 Production Grid: Principles and practice SO 13TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-13) CY JUN 04-06, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Comp ID I-WAY; GLOBUS AB The Grid2003 Project has deployed a multi-virtual organization, application-driven grid laboratory ("Grid3") that has sustained for several months the production-level services required by physics experiments of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (ATLAS and CMS), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey project, the gravitational wave search experiment LIGO, the BTeV experiment at Fermilab, as well as applications in molecular structure analysis and genome analysis, and computer science research projects in such areas as job and data scheduling. The deployed infrastructure has been operating since November 2003 with 2 7 sites, a peak of 2800 processors, work loads from 10 different applications exceeding 1300 simultaneous jobs, and data transfers among sites of greater than 2 TB/day. We describe the principles that have guided the development of this unique infrastructure and the practical experiences that have resulted from its creation and use. We discuss application requirements for grid services deployment and configuration, monitoring infrastructure, application performance, metrics, and operational experiences. We also summarize lessons learned. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013; McKee, Shawn/B-6435-2012 OI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/0000-0002-0367-5666; Mambelli, Marco/0000-0002-9489-2681; Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562; McKee, Shawn/0000-0002-4551-4502 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-2175-4 PY 2004 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1109/HPDC.2004.1323544 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAJ00 UT WOS:000222484200023 ER PT B AU Sim, A Gu, JM Shoshani, A Natarajan, V AF Sim, A Gu, JM Shoshani, A Natarajan, V BE Hatzopoulos, M Manolopoulos, Y TI DataMover: Robust terabyte-scale multi-file replication over wide-area networks SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUN 21-23, 2004 CL Santorini, GREECE SP Emporiki Bank, Microsoft, Alpha Bank AB Typically, large scientific datasets (order of terabytes) are generated at large computational centers, and stored on mass storage systems. However, large subsets of the data need to be moved to facilities available to application scientists for analysis. File replication of thousands of files is a tedious, error prone, but extremely important task in scientific applications. The automation of the file replication task requires automatic space acquisition and reuse, and monitoring the progress of staging thousands of files from the source mass storage system, transferring them over the network, archiving them at the target mass storage system or disk systems, and recovering from transient system failures. We have developed a robust replication system, called DataMover, which is now in regular use in High-Energy-Physics and Climate modeling experiments. Only a single command is necessary to request multifile replication or the replication of an entire directory. A web-based tool was developed to dynamically monitor the progress of the multi-file replication process. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sim, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2146-0 PY 2004 BP 403 EP 412 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BAN45 UT WOS:000222968600050 ER PT B AU Feng, WC AF Feng, WC BE Long, R Antani, S Lee, DJ Nutter, B Zhang, M TI A multimodal interface for the immediate transcription of radiology dictation SO 17TH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems CY JUN 24-25, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP IEEEComp Soc, tccm, Texas Tech Univ Coll Engn AB We present the design and implementation of an integrated multimodal interface that delivers instant turnaround on transcribing a radiology dictation. This instant turnaround time virtually eliminates a hospital's liability with respect to improper transcriptions of oral dictations and all but eliminates the need for transcribers. The multimodal interface seamlessly integrates three modes of input - speech, handwriting, and written gestures - to provide an easy-to-use system for the radiologist. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feng, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2104-5 PY 2004 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1109/CBMS.2004.1311708 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAN73 UT WOS:000222998000028 ER PT S AU Quinn, H AF Quinn, H BE Ellis, N Fleischer, R TI Heavy-flavor physics SO 2002 EUROPEAN SCHOOL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European School of High-Energy Physics CY AUG 25-SEP 07, 2002 CL Pylos, GREECE SP CERN, JINR ID QCD FACTORIZATION; CP-VIOLATION; DECAYS; QUARK; MODEL; ASYMMETRIES; EXTRACTION; PARAMETERS AB These lectures are intended as an introduction to flavor physics for graduate students in experimental high-energy physics. In these four lectures the basic ideas of the subject and some current issues are presented, but no attempt is made to teach calculational techniques and methods. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-220-7 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 1 BP 35 EP 64 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAF61 UT WOS:000222025400002 ER PT S AU Walder, JP Chao, G Genat, JF Karcher, A Krieger, B Kurz, S Steckert, J von der Lippe, H AF Walder, JP Chao, G Genat, JF Karcher, A Krieger, B Kurz, S Steckert, J von der Lippe, H BE Metzler, SD TI A low power, wide dynamic range Multi-Gain signal processor for the SNAP Imager CCD SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A four-channel custom chip designed for reading out the CCDs of the SNAP satellite visible imager is presented. Each channel consists of a single-ended to differential converter followed by a correlated double sampler and a novel multi slope integrator. The output signal is differentially brought out of the chip by an output buffer. This circuit is designed to operate at room temperature for test purpose and at 140K which will be the operating temperature. The readout speed is 100kHz. The 16-bit dynamic range is covered using 3 gains each with a 12 bit signal to noise ratio. The prototype chip, implemented in a 0.25mum CMOS technology, has a measured readout noise of 7muV rms at 100kHz readout speed, a measured non-linearity of +/-0.025% and a power consumption of 6.5mW. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walder, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000001 ER PT S AU Pratte, JF De Geronimo, G Junnarkar, S O'Connor, P Yu, B Robert, S Radeka, V Woody, C Stoll, S Vaska, P Lecomte, R Fontaine, R AF Pratte, JF De Geronimo, G Junnarkar, S O'Connor, P Yu, B Robert, S Radeka, V Woody, C Stoll, S Vaska, P Lecomte, R Fontaine, R BE Metzler, SD TI Front-end electronics for the RatCAP mobile animal PET scanner SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID LOW-NOISE; WIDE-BAND; PREAMPLIFIER; DETECTORS AB We report on the development of the front-end electronics for the RatCAP (Rat Conscious Animal PET), a portable and miniature Positron Emission Tomography scanner. The ASIC is realized in a CMOS 0.18 mum technology and it is composed of 32 channels of Charge Sensitive Preamplifier (CSP), 3(rd) order semi-gaussian bipolar shaper, timing discriminator with independent channel adjustable threshold and a 32-line address serial encoder to minimize the number of interconnections between the camera and the data acquisition system. Each chip has a maximum power dissipation of 125 mW. A mathematical model of the timing resolution as a function of the noise and slope at the discrimination point as well as the photoelectron statistics was developed and validated. So far, 3 ASIC prototypes implementing part of the electronics were sent to fabrication. Results from the characterization of the first two prototypes are presented and discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pratte, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000006 ER PT S AU Fu, SH AF Fu, SH CA DO Collaboration BE Metzler, SD TI Electronics upgrade of the Run II D circle divide calorimeter and its performance SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The front-end electronics of the DO Ur/liquid argon calorimeter has been replaced to operate with the new shorter time separation between particle bunches at the Run H of the Fermilab Tevatron. The upgrades of the electronic readout system are described, and the first results of the calibration and the performance of the calorimeter are presented. C1 Columbia Univ, Grp DO Expt, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fu, SH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Grp DO Expt, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000011 ER PT S AU Kwan, S Andresen, J Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Cihangir, S Kendziora, C Marinelli, M Ruschman, M Turqueti, M Wong, ML Zimmermann, S AF Kwan, S Andresen, J Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Cihangir, S Kendziora, C Marinelli, M Ruschman, M Turqueti, M Wong, ML Zimmermann, S BE Metzler, SD TI Study of indium and solder bumps for the BTeV pixel detector SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The pixel detector proposed for the BTeV experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron will use bump-bonding technology based on either Indium or Pb/Sn solder to connect the front-end readout chips to the silicon pixel sensors. We have studied the strength of the bumps by visual inspection of the bumps bonding silicon sensor modules to dummy chips made out of glass. The studies were done before and after thermal cycles, exposed to intense irradiation, and with the assemblies glued to a graphite substrate. We have also carried out studies on effects of temperature changes on both types of bump bonds by observing the responses of single-chip pixel detectors to an Sr-90 source. We report the results from these studies and our plan to measure the effect of cryogenic temperatures on the bumps. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kwan, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000013 ER PT S AU Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, J Wojnarowski, R Kapusta, C Kleinfelder, S Wilke, M AF Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, J Wojnarowski, R Kapusta, C Kleinfelder, S Wilke, M BE Metzler, SD TI 3-d stacked electronics assembly for high-performance imaging detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID RADIOGRAPHY AB We describe work that extends 3-D patterned overlay high-density interconnect (HDI) to high performance imaging applications. The work was motivated by the rigorous requirements of the multiple-pulse imager for dynamic proton radiography. The optical imager has to provide large (>90%) optical fill factor, high quantum efficiency, 200 ns inter-frame time interval and storage for >32 frames. In order to accommodate the massively parallel electronics including the signal storage for a large number of frames, it is necessary to provide novel 3-D interconnect and packaging architectures. Recently, a 3-D interconnect technology was successfully demonstrated to assemble a stack of 50 signal-processing chips into a cube. Each chip contained test connections (interconnect continuity only) simulating 160-channels of pixel read-out electronics. Test cube assemblies, based on these mock-up integrated circuits, have been fabricated to explore the feasibility of constructing functional cube arrays. We also briefly review progress in the custom fast image-processing electronics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H-803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000014 ER PT S AU Cardoso, G Andresen, J Appell, JA Chiodini, G Christian, DC Hall, BK Kwan, SW Turqueti, MA Zimmermann, S AF Cardoso, G Andresen, J Appell, JA Chiodini, G Christian, DC Hall, BK Kwan, SW Turqueti, MA Zimmermann, S BE Metzler, SD TI Pixel multichip module design for a high energy physics experiment SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB At Fermilab, a pixel detector multichip module is being developed for the BTeV experiment. The module is composed of three layers. The lowest laver is formed by the readout integrated circuits (ICs). The back of the ICs is in thermal contact with the supporting structure, while the top is flip-chip bump-bonded to the pixel sensor. A low mass flex-circuit interconnect is glued on the top of this assembly, and the readout IC pads are wire-bounded to the circuit. This paper presents recent results on the development of a multichip module prototype and summarizes its performance characteristics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cardoso, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000015 ER PT S AU Pla-Dalmau, A Bross, AD Rykalin, VV AF Pla-Dalmau, A Bross, AD Rykalin, VV BE Metzler, SD TI Extruding plastic scintillator at Fermilab SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB An understanding of the costs involved in the production of plastic scintillators and the development of a less expensive material have become necessary with the prospects of building very large plastic scintillation detectors. Several factors contribute to the high cost of plastic scintillating sheets, but the principal reason is the labor-intensive nature of the manufacturing process. In order to significantly lower the costs, the current casting procedures had to be abandoned. Since polystyrene is widely used in the consumer industry, the logical path was to investigate the extrusion of commercial-grade polystyrene pellets with dopants to yield high quality plastic scintillator. This concept was tested and high quality extruded plastic scintillator was produced. The DO and MINOS experiments are already using extruded scintillator strips in their detectors. An extrusion line has recently been installed at Fermilab in collaboration with NICADD (Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development). This new facility will serve to further develop and improve extruded plastic scintillator. This paper will discuss the characteristics of extruded plastic scintillator and its raw materials, the different manufacturing techniques and the current R&D program at Fermilab. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Pla-Dalmau, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 102 EP 104 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000022 ER PT S AU Hansen, S Jordan, T Kiper, T Claes, D Snow, G Berns, H Burnett, TH Gran, R Wilkes, RJ AF Hansen, S Jordan, T Kiper, T Claes, D Snow, G Berns, H Burnett, TH Gran, R Wilkes, RJ BE Metzler, SD TI Low-cost data acquisition card for school-network cosmic ray detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ARRAY AB The Cosmic Ray Observatory Project (CROP) at University of Nebraska/Lincoln and the Washington Area Large-scale Time coincidence Array (WALTA) at University of Washington/Seattle are among several outreach projects siting cosmic-ray detectors at local high schools in cities around North America, to study the origins and interactions of high-energy cosmic rays. In a collaboration between QuarkNet, the outreach program based at Fermilab, CROP, and WALTA, a low-cost data acquisition electronics card has been developed to collect and synchronize the data from each detector site. The cost for each card is under US$500 for parts, functionally replacing much more expensive electronics crates and modules at each high school site. The card has 4 analog discriminator inputs for photo-multiplier tube signals, a 4-channel Time-to-Digital converter for local coincidence and time-over-threshold measurements at 0.75 ns resolution, programmable trigger logic via a CPLD and microcontroller, and a built-in low-cost GPS receiver/antenna module (via external cable) to provide event trigger time stamps at better than 100 ns accuracy. Temperature sensors and a barometer are also integrated to record environmental data along with the counter data. The card connects to any PC or laptop via a standard RS-232 serial port for data output and control. The microcontroller and CPLD are field programmable and therefore make the card functionality flexible. and easy to upgrade. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hansen, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 130 EP 133 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000029 ER PT S AU Damazio, DO Takai, H AF Damazio, DO Takai, H BE Metzler, SD TI A radio detector system for ultra high energy cosmic showers SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE ultra high energy particle shower; detection; signal processing; meteors ID RAY AB A passive radio detection system is proposed for the detection and study of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) showers and meteors. TV and FM radio signals reflected by ionization clouds produced by meteors are clearly detectable. This technique known as radio meteor scatter is well established. UHECRs produces in principle similar ionization trails. A radio detection station operating at BNL is continuously recording signals from a group of three antennas tuned to the low end of the commercial VHF broadcast frequencies. An offline analysis, here described, allows for event selection and feature extraction of the reflected signals. An event rate consistent with the earth rotation period of 24h is found and attributed primarily to meteorite and micro-meteorite activity. Auxiliary shower detectors are being built to validate UHECR shower candidates. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Damazio, DO (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012 OI Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 134 EP 138 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000030 ER PT S AU De Nardo, G Lista, L AF De Nardo, G Lista, L CA BaBar collaboration BE Metzler, SD TI User defined data in the new-Analysis Model of the BaBar experiment SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The BaBar experiment has recently revised its Analysis Model. One of the key ingredient of BaBar new Analysis Model is the support of the capability to add to the Event Store user defined data, which can be the output of complex computations performed at an advanced stage of a physics analysis, and are associated to analysis objects. In order to provide flexibility and extensibility, with respect to object types, template generic programming has been adopted. In this way the model is non-intrusive with respect to reconstruction and analysis objects it manages, not requiting changes in their interfaces and implementations. Technological details are hidden as much as possible to the user, providing a simple interface. In this paper we present some of the limitations of the old model and how they are addressed by the new Analysis Model. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP De Nardo, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000037 ER PT S AU Wu, JY Shi, ZH Wang, IY AF Wu, JY Shi, ZH Wang, IY CA CKM Collaboration BE Metzler, SD TI Firmware-only implementation of Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE front end electronics; TDC; FPGA; firmware AB A Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) implemented in general purpose field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for the Fermilab CKM experiment will be presented. The TDC uses a delay chain and register array structure to produce lower bits in addition to higher bits from a clock counter. Lacking the direct controls custom chips, the FPGA implementation of the delay chain and register array structure had to address two major problems: (1) The logic elements used for the delay chain and register array structure must be placed and routed by the FPGA compiler in a predictable manner, to assure uniformity of the TDC binning and short-term stability. (2) The delay variation due to temperature and power supply voltage must be compensated for to assure long-term stability. We used the chain structures in the existing FPGAs that the venders designed for general purpose such as carry algorithm or logic expansion to solve the first problem. To compensate for delay variations, we studied several digital compensation strategies that can be implemented in the same FPGA device. Some bench-top test results will also be presented in this document. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000040 ER PT S AU Chen, W Gatti, E Rehak, P AF Chen, W Gatti, E Rehak, P BE Metzler, SD TI P-type one-sided hexagonal spiral Drift Detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A new P-type Drift Detector (PDD) with one-sided hexagonal spiral shaped cathodes around the center anode has been designed, simulated, constructed and tested. Large arrays of drift cells are required for the application. The large number of cells forces the design of the drift cell with a minimal number of bonds per cell. The presented design creates the drift field by the spiral-based voltage divider. Moreover, the leakage current created at the depleted part of the detector surface is also collected without an external connection to the cell. The current is collected directly on the inner terminal of the divider. The lithographic processes of the wafer are done only on one side resulting in a much faster fabrication. For the first time, the design makes an active usage of the positive charge in the oxide as a rectifying junction on p-type silicon. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 340 EP 344 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000074 ER PT S AU Britton, CL Bryan, WL Wintenberg, AL Warmack, RJ McKnight, TE Frank, SS Cooper, RG Dudney, NJ Veith, GM Stephan, AC AF Britton, CL Bryan, WL Wintenberg, AL Warmack, RJ McKnight, TE Frank, SS Cooper, RG Dudney, NJ Veith, GM Stephan, AC BE Metzler, SD TI A detector for neutron imaging SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A bright neutron source such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) places extreme requirements on detectors including excellent 2-D spatial imaging and high dynamic range. Present imaging detectors have either shown position resolutions that are less than acceptable or they exhibit excessive paralyzing dead times due to the brightness of the source. High neutron detection efficiency with good neutron-gamma discrimination is critical for applications in neutron scattering research where the usefulness of the data is highly dependent on the statistical uncertainty associated with each detector pixel.. A detector concept known as MicroMegas ((MicroMEsh) under bar (GA) under bar seous (S) under bar tructure) has been developed at CERN in Geneva for high-energy physics charged-particle tracking applications and has shown great promise for handling high data rates with a rather low-cost structure. We are attempting to optimize the MicroMegas detector concept for thermal neutrons and have designed a 1-D neutron strip detector which we have tested. In addition, we are performing research into the compatibility of various converter coatings. Our goal is to develop a manufacturable detector that could be scaled to a 1m(2), 2-D array for use at the SNS and other facilities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Britton, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 360 EP 364 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000078 ER PT S AU Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T AF Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T BE Metzler, SD TI Single electron amplification in a "Single-MCP plus micromegas plus pads" detector - 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We have tested a new gaseous detector structure based on a tandem of two parts, the first one is a single MCP plate (sometimes called the Microchannel plate or Capillary), and the second one is a Micromegas with pad readout The new detector responds very well to a single electron signal, both in helium-based and Argon-based gases, and it can reach a very large gain. Our overall aim is to couple the proposed electrode structure to a Bialkali photocathode. The main advantage of this avenue of research is that such a detector would operate easily in a very large magnetic field, and it could achieve excellent position resolution and large pixelization, compared to existing vacuum-based MCP-PMT detectors. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 370 EP 374 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000081 ER PT S AU De Geronimo, G Fried, J O'Connor, P Radeka, V Smith, GC Thorn, C Yu, B AF De Geronimo, G Fried, J O'Connor, P Radeka, V Smith, GC Thorn, C Yu, B BE Metzler, SD TI Front-end ASIC for a GEM based time projection chamber SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID CONTINUOUS RESET SYSTEM; DETECTOR AB A Time Projection Chamber for experiments with the Laser Electron Gamma Source is being developed. It is composed of a can and a single-ended, dual-stage Gas Electron Multiplier, with associated anode plane pixellated into about eight thousand pads. The front-end electronics must provide energy, timing and address information from those pads involved in measuring each track For center of gravity determination this information must be sampled from the above-threshold pad and from the two adjacent ones. An efficient scheme for readout of the front-end channels between each measurement cycle is also required. A 32-channel front-end Application Specific Integrated Circuit has been developed to serve this detector. Fabricated in 0.25mum CMOS technology, it dissipates 41mW. Each channel implements a low noise charge preamplifier with continuous reset of new concept, shaping amplifier with band-gap referenced baseline stabilizer, single threshold discriminator, dual-phase peak detector, timing detector, and logic for neighbor enabling. The readout process is based on token passing and flag. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 380 EP 385 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000083 ER PT S AU Tajima, H Nakamoto, T Tanaka, T Uno, S Mitani, T Silva, EDE Fukazawa, Y Kamae, T Madejski, G Marlow, D Nakazawa, K Nomachi, M Okada, Y Takahashi, T AF Tajima, H Nakamoto, T Tanaka, T Uno, S Mitani, T Silva, EDE Fukazawa, Y Kamae, T Madejski, G Marlow, D Nakazawa, K Nomachi, M Okada, Y Takahashi, T BE Metzler, SD TI Performance of a low noise front-end ASIC for Si/CdTe detectors in Compton gamma-ray telescope SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE gamma-ray; Compton telescope; Silicon Strip Detector; SSD; Cadmium Telluride; CdTe; semiconductor detector ID READOUT; DESIGN AB Compton telescopes based on semiconductor technologies are being developed to explore the gamma-ray universe in an energy band 0.1-20 MeV, which is not well covered by the present or near-future gamma-ray telescopes. The key feature of such Compton telescopes is the high energy resolution that is crucial for high angular resolution and high background rejection capability. The energy resolution around 1 keV is required to approach physical limit of the angular resolution due to Doppler broadening. We have developed a low noise front-end ASIC, VA32TA, to realize this goal for the readout of Double-sided Silicon Strip Detector (DSSD) and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) pixel detector which are essential elements of the semiconductor Compton telescope. We report on the design and test results of the VA32TA. We have reached an energy resolution of 1.3 keV (FWHM) for 60 keV and 122 keV at 0degreesC with a DSSD and 1.7 keV (FWHM) with a CdTe detector. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tajima, H (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 396 EP 401 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000086 ER PT S AU Krieger, B Alfonsi, S Bacchetta, N Centro, S Christofek, L Garcia-Sciveres, M Haber, C Hanagaki, K Hoff, J Johnson, M von der Lippe, H Mandelli, E Meng, G Nomerotski, A Pellet, D Rapidis, P Utes, M Walder, JP Weber, M Wester, W Wilkes, T Yarema, R Yao, W Zimmerman, T AF Krieger, B Alfonsi, S Bacchetta, N Centro, S Christofek, L Garcia-Sciveres, M Haber, C Hanagaki, K Hoff, J Johnson, M von der Lippe, H Mandelli, E Meng, G Nomerotski, A Pellet, D Rapidis, P Utes, M Walder, JP Weber, M Wester, W Wilkes, T Yarema, R Yao, W Zimmerman, T BE Metzler, SD TI SVX4: A new deep submicron readout IC for the Tevatron collider at Fermilab SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DESIGN AB SVX4 is the new silicon strip readout IC designed to meet the increased radiation tolerance requirements for Run IIb at the Tevatron collider. Devices have been fabricated, tested, and approved for production. The SVX4 design is a technology migration of the SVX3D design currently in use by CDF. Whereas SVX3D was fabricated in a 0.8 mum radiation-hard process, SVX4 was fabricated in a standard 0.25 mum mixed-signal CMOS technology using the "radiation tolerant by design" transistor topologies devised by the RD-49 collaboration. The specific cell layouts include digital cells developed by the ATLAS Pixel group, and full-custom analog blocks. Unlike its predecessors, the new design also includes the necessary features required for generic use by both the CDF and DO experiments at Fermilab. Performance of the IC includes >20 MRad total dose tolerance, and similar to2000 e- rms equivalent input noise charge with 40 pF input capacitance, when sampled at 132 ns period with an 80 ns preamp risetime. At the nominal digitize/readout rate of 106/53 MHz, the 9 mm x 6.3 mm die dissipates similar to2 mW/channel average at 2.5 V. A review of typical operation, details of the design conversion process, and performance measurements are covered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krieger, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 402 EP 407 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000087 ER PT S AU Lee, DM AF Lee, DM CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Metzler, SD TI Design and performance of the PHENIX muon tracking systems SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The PHENIX muon spectrometers at RHIC incorporates cathode strip chambers (CSC) as the tracking detectors. The design requirements for the spectrometers was such that the mass resolution for the vector mesons would allow for a clear separation of the individual states. This lead to the requirement that the CSC's have a resolution of 100 mum and the intermediate detector station have a radiation length less than 0.1%. The octant shaped chambers were constructed of a honeycomb panel structure for the first and last station and the middle station used etched 25 mum metallized mylar foils held under tension by thick aluminum frames. The largest chambers, 3.5 m x 3.5 m, are at station 3. Both spectrometers have now been fully instrumented and data taking has been very successful. We have shown that the chambers have met design requirements. A description of the design and performance of the chambers for both cosmic rays and real data is given. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 449 EP 453 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000096 ER PT S AU Wright, D AF Wright, D CA BABAR Computing Grp BE Metzler, SD TI The Geant4-based BABAR simulation SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE BABAR; Geant4; simulation; physics AB The simulation production code for the BABAR experiment is based on the Geant4 toolkit. In a typical e(+)e(-) --> Y(4s) --> B-0(B-0) over bar event, between 30 and 60 tracks are produced in the generator and propagated through the detector, using decay, electromagnetic and hadronic processes provided by the Geant4 toolkit. The material model of the detector is very detailed and a special particle transportation module was developed so that minute features would be sampled in the propagation without sacrificing performance. The propagation phase for such an event requires 3.8 CPU seconds on an 866 MHz processor. Execution speeds for other BABAR event types will also be presented. Validation of simulated events against data from BABAR and other experiments is ongoing, and the results of Monte Carlo/data comparisons will be shown. A discussion of the design of the simulation code and its robustness, how the Geant4 toolkit is used, and ongoing efforts to improve the agreement between data and Monte Carlo will also be presented. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wright, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000107 ER PT S AU Geelhood, BD Ely, JH Hansen, RR Kouzes, RT Schweppe, JE Warner, RA AF Geelhood, BD Ely, JH Hansen, RR Kouzes, RT Schweppe, JE Warner, RA BE Metzler, SD TI Overview of portal monitoring at border crossings SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Bureau of Customs and Border Protection has the task of interdicting illicit radioactive material at ports of entry. Items of concern include radiation dispersal devices (RDD), nuclear warheads, and special nuclear material (SNM). The preferred survey method screens all vehicles in primary and diverts questionable vehicles to secondary. This requires high detection probability in primary while not overwhelming secondary with alarms, which could include naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) found in acceptable cargo and radionuclides used in medical procedures. Sensitive alarm algorithms must accommodate the baseline depression observed whenever a vehicle enters the portal. Energy-based algorithms can effectively use the crude energy information available from a plastic scintillator to distinguish NORM from SNM. Whenever NORM cargo limits the alarm threshold, energy-based algorithms produce significantly better detection probabilities for small SNM sources than gross-count algorithms. Algorithms can be best evaluated using a large empirical data set to 1) calculate false alarm probabilities, 2) select sigma-level thresholds for operationally acceptable false alarm rates, and 3) determine detection probabilities for marginally detectable pseudo sources of SNM. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Geelhood, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 513 EP 517 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000110 ER PT S AU Turqueti, MA Appel, JA Christian, DC Cihangir, S Hall, BK Kwan, S Zimmermann, S AF Turqueti, MA Appel, JA Christian, DC Cihangir, S Hall, BK Kwan, S Zimmermann, S BE Metzler, SD TI Temperature dependence of pixel multichip module operating performance SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID BTEV AB At Fermilab, a research program to develop a pixel detector for the BTeV experiment has been ongoing for the last several years. The basic building block of the pixel detector is the pixel multichip module. Prototypes have been built and characterization tests have been performed to verify that the pixel module will meet the stringent requirements of the experiment. One of these requirements is that the operating temperature of the detector will be at -5degreesC, which imposes severe constraints on the pixel multichip module packaging design. This paper presents the temperature dependence of prototypes of the pixel multichip module. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Turqueti, MA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000124 ER PT S AU Cardoso, G Andresen, J Aoki, M Bacchetta, N Behari, S Deryla, G Flaugher, B Franzen, J Lu, RS Pavlicek, V Zimmermann, S AF Cardoso, G Andresen, J Aoki, M Bacchetta, N Behari, S Deryla, G Flaugher, B Franzen, J Lu, RS Pavlicek, V Zimmermann, S BE Metzler, SD TI Polyimide and BeO mini port card performance comparison for CDF run IIb SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The new silicon detector design for CDF relies on advanced packaging solutions in order to attain the strict small size and low mass requirements dictated by the experiment's physics program. The silicon strip detector at DF is composed of overlaying silicon sensors in the form of a barrel around the colliding beam. The electronic instrumentation (sensors, readout and transceiver chips) is assembled into the staves of this barrel. In this paper we describe the development of the mini port card (MPC). The MPC is located at one of the ends of the stave, and it is responsible for signal translation and repetition from the readout chips to and from the data acquisition system (DAQ). The MPC's development has taken two approaches that use different technologies. One of the approaches uses BeO as the board substrate (BeO-MPC), while the other approach uses a hybrid rigid-flexible polyimide substrate (Poly-MPC). We present test results of pre-production parts, each one assembled with a different MPC packaging technology. Complete thermal and electrical characterization of the MPC is shown, and the advantages and disadvantages of both technologies, as well as their influence in the overall system performance, are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cardoso, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 593 EP 597 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000127 ER PT S AU Lipton, R AF Lipton, R CA D0 Run2b Silicon Tracker Grp BE Metzler, SD TI Radiation damage studies of DO silicon sensors for run IIb SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DETECTORS AB The DO Silicon Microstrip Tracker has been operating for two years in the DO experiment at Fermilab. The existing silicon tracking system has limited lifetime to microdischarge effects at high bias voltage. Radiation studies of the current detector are described. We describe the design of the RunIIb replacement and discuss irradiations performed at Kansas State University. The hardness factor is found to be 40% lower than the value calculated from non ionizing energy loss scaling. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Lipton, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 629 EP 631 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000135 ER PT S AU Monteiro, CMB Morgado, RE dos Santos, JMF Conde, C AF Monteiro, CMB Morgado, RE dos Santos, JMF Conde, C BE Metzler, SD TI A curved-grid gas proportional scintillation counter instrumented with a 25-mm active-diameter photosensor SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ELECTROLUMINESCENCE DETECTOR; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE; PERFORMANCE AB The curved grid technique has been shown to improve the performance of large-area gas proportional scintillation counters (GPSC) without the need for complex, bulky focusing systems or large-area photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The technique provides a simple method to compensate for the variation in solid angle viewed by the PMT as a function of the radial distance from the cylindrical axis of the detector. The two parallel grids used in conventional GPSCs are replaced by a curved grid and a planar grid to delimit the scintillation region. The shape of the curved grid is calculated to produce a radially increasing scintillation yield that compensates for the variation in the solid angle viewed by the photosensor. We applied this technique to a GPSC instrumented with a PMT having a 25-mm diameter photocathode. In contrast to previous studies, in this work we used a detector window with a larger diameter than that of the PMT, in order to access the full capability of the technique. The maximum value of the detector entrance window to photocathode diameter ratio thus far achieved is 1. C1 Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM jmf@gian.fis.uc.pt RI dos Santos, Joaquim/B-3058-2015 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 675 EP 678 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000146 ER PT S AU Smith, LE Ellis, JE Valsan, AE Aalseth, CE Miley, HS AF Smith, LE Ellis, JE Valsan, AE Aalseth, CE Miley, HS BE Metzler, SD TI A coincidence signature library for multicoincidence radionuclide analysis systems SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is currently developing multicoincidence systems to perform trace radionuclide analysis at or near the sample collection point, for applications that include emergency response, nuclear forensics, and environmental monitoring. Quantifying radionuclide concentrations with these systems requires a library of accurate emission intensities for each detected signature, for all candidate radionuclides. While such data are readily available for single gammaray emissions, no signature library has been found for coincident emissions such as beta-gamma, gamma-gamma, or beta-gamma-gamma. To meet this need, a Coincidence Lookup Library (CLL) is being developed to calculate the emission intensities of coincident signatures from a userspecified radionuclide, or conversely, to determine the radionuclides that may be responsible for a specific detected coincident signature. The algorithms used to generate absolute emission intensities and various user interfaces for the developmental CLL are described. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiat & Nucl Phys Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiat & Nucl Phys Grp, POB 999-MS P8-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 742 EP 746 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000161 ER PT S AU Aryaeinejad, R Spencer, DF AF Aryaeinejad, R Spencer, DF BE Metzler, SD TI Pocket dual neutron/gamma radiation detector SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A pocket radiation detection system has been developed at the INEEL for homeland security applications. It can detect both neutrons and gamma rays instantaneously. This sensor has been designed with an emphasis on compactness, recognizing the widespread need for a radiation detection instrument that could provide both neutron and gamma ray detection in a single, portable unit. It is very small, extremely sensitive, versatile, and easy to operate. It can detect gamma rays and neutrons in a radiation field as low as 10 muR/hr above the ambient background, which makes it ideal for use in national security applications. The detection system is. based on a technique of using a combination of two sensors made of lithium isotopes Li-6 and Li-7. It operates on one rechargeable Li-ion battery and is small enough to be put in a pocket or clipped to a belt. In this paper, the detection technique used in developing this prototype sensor as well as its performance will be presented. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Aryaeinejad, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 747 EP 751 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000162 ER PT S AU Aryaeinejad, R Spencer, DF AF Aryaeinejad, R Spencer, DF BE Metzler, SD TI SiPIN diodes for detecting topsoil contamination SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB In some environmental cleanup applications, there is a need for utilizing Si PIN diodes to detect electrons, x-rays, and low-energy gamma rays with very good energy resolution. The advantage of these detectors in such particular applications when compared with others is the ease of the operation at room temperature and at much lower bias voltages. We are currently investigating the feasibility of using silicon PIN photodiodes to detect the x-rays of radioisotopes such as Cs, Eu, La, U, Th, Am, and Pu for monitoring and characterizing topsoil contamination. The design and development of this Si PIN diode array will be discussed and the results of tests and its overall performance will be presented. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Aryaeinejad, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 752 EP 755 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000163 ER PT S AU Wu, KS Zhang, WM Sim, A Gu, JM Shoshani, A AF Wu, KS Zhang, WM Sim, A Gu, JM Shoshani, A BE Metzler, SD TI Grid collector: An event catalog with automated file management SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB High Energy Nuclear Physics (HENP) experiments such as STAR at BNL and ATLAS at CERN produce large amounts of data that are stored as files on mass storage systems in computer centers. In these files, the basic unit of data is an event. Analysis is typically performed on a selected set of events. The files containing these events have to be located, copied from mass storage systems to disks before analysis, and removed when no longer needed. These file management tasks are tedious and time consuming. Typically, all events contained in the files are read into memory before a selection is made. Since the time to read the events dominate the overall execution time, reading the unwanted event needlessly increases the analysis time. The Grid Collector is a set of software modules that works together to address these two issues. It automates the file management tasks and provides "direct" access to the selected events for analyses. It is currently integrated with the STAR analysis framework. The users can select events based on tags, such as, "production date between March 10 and 20, and the number of charged tracks > 100." The Grid Collector locates the files containing relevant events, transfers the files across the Grid if necessary, and delivers the events to the analysis code through the familiar iterators. There has been some research efforts to address the file management issues, the Grid Collector is unique in that it addresses the event access issue together with the file management issues. This makes it more useful to a large varieties of users. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KWu@lbl.gov; zhang@hpacq.kent.edu; ASim@lbl.gov; JGu@lbl.gov; Arie@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 848 EP 852 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000186 ER PT S AU Pozzi, SA Neal, JS Oberer, RB Mihalczo, JT AF Pozzi, SA Neal, JS Oberer, RB Mihalczo, JT BE Metzler, SD TI Monte Carlo analysis of neutron detection with a BaF2 scintillation detector SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB This work presents the results of investigations aimed at simulating the response of a BaF2 detector to neutrons and photons. The simulations are performed with the MCNP-PoliMi code, a modification of MCNP-4C. The simulation results are compared to, time-of-flight measurements performed with the Nuclear Materials Identification System (NMIS). In particular, the neutron detection capabilities of the BaF2 scintillator are analyzed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pozzi, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 873 EP 876 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000192 ER PT S AU Cancelo, G Gottschalk, E Pavlicek, V Wang, M Wu, J AF Cancelo, G Gottschalk, E Pavlicek, V Wang, M Wu, J BE Metzler, SD TI Data flow analysis of a highly parallel processor for a Level 1 Pixel Trigger SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The present work describes the architecture and data flow analysis of a highly parallel processor for the Level 1 Pixel Trigger for the BTeV experiment at Fermilab. First the Level 1 Trigger system is described. Then the major components are analyzed by resorting to mathematical modeling. Also, behavioral simulations are used to confirm the models. Results from modeling and simulations are fed back into the System in order to improve the architecture, eliminate bottlenecks, allocate sufficient buffering between processes and obtain other important design parameters. An interesting feature of the current analysis is that the models can be extended to a large class of architectures and parallel systems. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cancelo, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 937 EP 941 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000206 ER PT S AU Angstadt, B Brooijmans, G Chapin, D Charak, D Clements, M Cutts, D Haas, A Hauser, R Johnson, A Kulyavtsev, A Mattingly, S Mulders, M Padley, P Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Watts, G Zhang, D AF Angstadt, B Brooijmans, G Chapin, D Charak, D Clements, M Cutts, D Haas, A Hauser, R Johnson, A Kulyavtsev, A Mattingly, S Mulders, M Padley, P Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Watts, G Zhang, D BE Metzler, SD TI Ethernet-based data, acquisition system for the DO experiment at fermilab SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The DO detector at Fermilab has been collecting data with its new, Ethernet-based Data Acquisition (DAQ) System since spring 2002. The system was built almost exclusively with commercially available components, and designed to read in event fragments at a rate of 1 kHz from about 70 VME crates, assemble the events with a typical size of 250 kB and pass them to the Level 3 trigger farm, composed of about 160 CPUs, for final event selection. Accepted events are sent to the online system to be stored on tape at an average rate of 50 Hz. The event fragments are read out over VME using Single Board Computers (SBCs) and sent to the trigger farm through 100 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s Ethernet connections via a series of Ethernet switches. This paper gives an overview of the main components of the DAQ and trigger system and reports on its performance during the first year of operation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Angstadt, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 961 EP 963 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000211 ER PT S AU Ziock, KP Craig, WW Fabris, L Lanza, RC Gallagher, S Horn, BKP Madden, NW AF Ziock, KP Craig, WW Fabris, L Lanza, RC Gallagher, S Horn, BKP Madden, NW BE Metzler, SD TI Large area Imaging detector for long-range, passive detection of fissile material SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID IMAGER; RAY AB Recent events highlight the increased risk of a terrorist attack using either a nuclear or a radiological weapon. One of the key needs to counter such a threat is long-range detection of nuclear material. Theoretically, gamma-ray emissions from such material should allow passive detection to distances greater than 100 m. However, detection at this range has long been thought impractical due to fluctuating levels of natural background radiation. These fluctuations are the major source of uncertainty in detection and mean that sensitivity cannot be increased simply by increasing detector size. Recent work has shown that this problem can be overcome through the use of imaging techniques. In this paper we describe the background problems, the advantages of imaging and the construction of a prototype, large-area (0.57 m(2)) gamma-ray imager to detect nuclear materials at distances similar to100m. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1001 EP 1005 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000220 ER PT S AU Tesarek, RJ Chow, YC D'Auria, S Hocker, A Kordas, K McGimpsey, S Nicolas, L Wallny, R Worm, S AF Tesarek, RJ Chow, YC D'Auria, S Hocker, A Kordas, K McGimpsey, S Nicolas, L Wallny, R Worm, S CA CDF Radiation Monitoring Grp BE Metzler, SD TI The radiation environment and damage in the CDF tracking volume SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE radiation measurement; radiation fields; ionizing radiations; non-ionizing radiations; radiation effects on instruments ID LUMINOSITY MONITOR; SILICON DETECTORS AB We present direct measurements of the spatial distribution of ionizing radiation and low energy neutrons (E-n < 200 keV) inside the tracking volume of the collider detector at Fermilah (CDF). Using data from multiple exposures, the radiation field can he separated into components from beam losses and collisions and can he checked for consistency between the measurements. We compare the radiation measurements with an increase in the leakage currents of the CDF silicon detectors and find reasonable agreement. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60563 USA. RP Tesarek, RJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60563 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1016 EP 1020 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000223 ER PT S AU Li, Z Harkonen, J Chen, W Kierstead, J Luukka, P Tuominen, E Tuovinen, E Verbitskaya, E Eremin, V AF Li, Z Harkonen, J Chen, W Kierstead, J Luukka, P Tuominen, E Tuovinen, E Verbitskaya, E Eremin, V BE Metzler, SD TI Radiation hardness of high resistivity CZ Si detectors after gamma, neutron and proton radiations SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID SILICON DETECTORS; JUNCTION DETECTORS; ROSE COLLABORATION AB High resistivity CZ Si detectors have been irradiated by gamma, neutrons, and protons to various doses/fluences, along with control FZ Si detectors. It has been found that 1) for gamma radiation, CZ Si detectors behave similarly to the HTLT oxygenated FZ Si detectors: no SCSI and there is a build-up of positive space charges. The rate for this build-up is much higher than that for the HTLT oxygenated Si detectors, and is proportional to the oxygen concentration; 2) for neutron radiation, there is little difference between CZ and control FZ (CFZ) silicon detectors: SCSI is observed for both CZ and CFZ Si detectors, and the introduction rate of deep acceptors (beta) for CZ Si detectors is slightly less than that for CFZ Si detectors; and 3) for proton radiation (10 MeV and 20 MeV), although the SCSI is also observed for CZ Si detectors, the I MeV neutron-equivalent SCSI fluence is about 3 times higher than that of CZ Si detectors irradiated by neutrons, and beta is about 1/2 of that for HTLT oxygenated Si detectors. High resistivity CZ Si is therefore found behaving similarly to the HTLT oxygenated Si detectors, and even more radiation hard to charged particles C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; OI Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1021 EP 1027 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000224 ER PT S AU Borozdin, KN Gomez, JJ Hogan, GE Morris, CL Priedhorsky, WC Saunders, A Schirato, RC Schultz, LJ AF Borozdin, KN Gomez, JJ Hogan, GE Morris, CL Priedhorsky, WC Saunders, A Schirato, RC Schultz, LJ BE Metzler, SD TI Scattering Muon radiography and its application to the detection of high-Z materials SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID CHAMBERS AB Scattering muon radiography is a novel technique of 3-d imaging for dense high-Z objects. High-energy cosmic ray muons are deflected in matter in the process of multiple Coulomb scattering. Measuring the deflection angles we are able to reconstruct the configuration of high-Z material in the object. We discuss how the technique can be used for the detection of compact high-Z objects in a large volume of ordinary material. We present results of our experiments and simulations and discuss image reconstruction issues relevant to scattering muon radiography. The ability of the technique to detect 20 kg of uranium hidden inside more than 10 tons of iron and in less than a minute of exposure is demonstrated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borozdin, KN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1061 EP 1064 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000232 ER PT S AU Stromswold, DC Siciliano, ER Schweppe, JE Ely, JH Milbrath, BD Kouzes, RT Geelhood, BD AF Stromswold, DC Siciliano, ER Schweppe, JE Ely, JH Milbrath, BD Kouzes, RT Geelhood, BD BE Metzler, SD TI Comparison of plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillators for vehicle portal monitor applications SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Experimental data and computer simulations are presented for gamma-ray detection by vehicle portal monitors for homeland security applications at international borders. The experiments and simulations use spectral processing of gamma rays from various sources (Am-241, Co-57, Ba-133, Cs-137, Co-60) and background to provide data for comparing plastic and NaI(TI) detectors. The effects of gamma-ray scattering in cargo are also examined. Plastic scintillators are well suited for primary screening of gamma-ray sources because of their large size and low cost. Sodium iodide is preferable to plastic for applications of isotope identification based on gamma-ray spectrometry. Some applications may benefit from integrating features from both types of detectors. C1 PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stromswold, DC (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1065 EP 1069 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000233 ER PT S AU Binkley, M Mukherjee, A Stuermer, W Wagner, RL AF Binkley, M Mukherjee, A Stuermer, W Wagner, RL BE Metzler, SD TI High voltage crowbar protection for the large CDF axial drift chamber - 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The large cylindrical drift chamber in the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron operates with high stored electrical energy. The chamber has more than 63,000 sense and potential wires at high voltage in a jet cell configuration with 8 superlayers. Each wire has about 1 nf added capacitance to ground to provide filtering, signal termination, and cross-talk reduction. Since the high voltage is provided to the chamber by 200 supplies, large numbers of wires must be daisy chained together with a resultant stored energy of more than 2 joules on the daisy-chains of the outermost sense wires. When a sense wire starts to discharge to ground, it is important to keep the stored energy on the other wires in the daisy-chain from recharging the problem wire. Since the recharge time for a sense wire is less than 100 musec, a mechanical switch is not fast enough. For ease of use and reliability we chose a 7 kV SCR for the switch. A crowbar box was designed that would discharge all 25 daisy-chains supplying a superlayer with an initial current of typically 80 A for a sense wire voltage of 3 kV. The choice of high voltage switch, the prototype performance, and the experience of more than two years of running are summarized. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Binkley, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1105 EP 1109 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000242 ER PT S AU Merkel, P AF Merkel, P CA CDF Collaboration BE Metzler, SD TI CDF run IIb silicon: The new innermost layer SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The innermost layer (LOO) of the Run IIa silicon detector of CDF was planned to be replaced for the high luminosity Tevatron upgrade of Run IIb. This new silicon layer (L0) is designed to be a radiation tolerant replacement for the otherwise very similar L00 from Run IIa. The data are read out via long, fine-pitch, low-mass cables allowing the hybrids with the chips to sit at higher z (similar to 70 cm), outside of the tracking volume. The design and first results from the prototyping phase are presented. Special focus is placed on the amount and the structure of induced noise as well as signal to noise values. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Merkel, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 318, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1128 EP 1132 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000247 ER PT S AU Scarpine, VE Lumpkin, AH Schappert, W Tassotto, GR AF Scarpine, VE Lumpkin, AH Schappert, W Tassotto, GR BE Metzler, SD TI Test of an optical transition radiation detector for high-intensity proton beams at FNAL SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Initial results are presented of a prototype optical transition radiation (OTR) detector under development at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). The purpose of this prototype detector is to evaluate the feasibility of using OTR imaging of proton (or antiproton) beams in transport lines for beam position and shape measurements. A secondary purpose is to develop experience in designing, constructing and operating a camera and optics system in high radiation environments. Measurements are made of 120 GeV proton beams with up to 4.7x10(12) particle intensities. Data are presented of OTR with titanium and aluminum foils. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Scarpine, VE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1161 EP 1164 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000255 ER PT S AU Bryan, WL Britton, CL Mihalczo, JT Neal, JS Pozzi, SA Tucker, RW AF Bryan, WL Britton, CL Mihalczo, JT Neal, JS Pozzi, SA Tucker, RW BE Metzler, SD TI Fast neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination of liquid scintillation signals for time correlated measurements SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID NE213 AB We describe a neutron/gamma pulse shape discrimination (PSD) system that overcomes count rate limitations of previous methods for distinguishing neutrons from gammas in liquid scintillation detectors. Previous methods of PSD usually involve pulse shaping time constants that allow throughput of tens of thousands counts per second. Time correlated measurements require many millions of counts per second to accurately characterize nuclear material samples. To rapidly inspect many test articles, a high-throughput system is desired. To add neutron - gamma distinction to the analysis provides a much desired enhancement to the characterizations. However, if the PSD addition significantly slows down the inspection throughput this PSD feature defeats any analysis advantage. Our goal for the fast PSD system is to provide sorted timing pulses to a fast, multi-channel, time-correlation processor at rates approaching several million counts per second enabling high throughput, enhanced inspection of nuclear materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bryan, WL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1192 EP 1195 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000262 ER PT S AU Wintenberg, AL Clonts, LG AF Wintenberg, AL Clonts, LG BE Metzler, SD TI Energy discrimination and counting electronics for Computer-aided Radioactive Particle Tracking SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Computer-Aided Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT) is a technique to study flow in fluidized beds, bubble columns, bioreactors, and other chemical processing apparatus. It is useful where the contents of the fluid (bubbles, solids, etc.) prevent the use of optical flow visualization techniques. CARPT uses a small gamma-emitting particle having the correct density and size to move with the fluid. Emitted gammas are counted with an array of NaI detectors, and the particle's track is calculated by repeatedly determining the relative count rates. We are extending the CARPT technique by using a different isotope for each of multiple particles - this makes it possible to use energy discrimination for identification. To make multi-particle CARPT practical, we have developed an octal NIM shaping amplifier and an octal pulse processing module with a Compact PCI (CPCI) interface. Each channel of the pulse processor comprises a differential receiver, discriminator, gain stage, delay line, gated integrator, a 10-bit ADC and a single FPGA that performs as eight single channel analyzers or as a 10-bit multi-channel analyzer. The FPGA has sufficient memory to store sets of data acquired over multiple time intervals. A controller FPGA handles channel biasing, acquisition timing controls and interfacing to a PLX9030 IC for PCI operations. All the electronics for a 32-detector CARPT experiment can fit in two crates with data acquisition being controlled by a CPCI processor card. Details of the electronic design and illustrative experimental results are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wintenberg, AL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1228 EP 1232 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000270 ER PT S AU Aalseth, CE Miley, HS AF Aalseth, CE Miley, HS BE Metzler, SD TI A self-calibrating pulse-shape discriminator for identifying neutrinoless double-beta decay events in HPGe spectrometers SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) for germanium spectrometers has received attention for varied applications such as microphonic noise rejection, event localization in segmented detector systems, correction of ballistic deficit and trapping, and the separation of gamma events from nuclear recoil and beta decay. A new PSD method has been developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) having several unique characteristics. This PSD method: 1) Extracts a few key parameters from each preamplifier output pulse. 2) Is sensitive to interaction multiplicity - a new physical observable. 3) Can isolate various physical regions of a detector. 4) Is self-calibrating - allowing optimal discrimination for any detector. 5) Is computationally cheap, requiring no computed libraries-of-pulses. 6) Leverages current state-of-the-art commercial digital spectroscopy hardware platforms. This paper describes the theory and operation of the method with attention to specific application areas in which this method could be useful. The challenge of sensing the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Ge-76 (0v betabeta-decay) is taken as an example of a single-site-interaction measurement. Experimental data is analyzed and the sensitivity increase expected from this method for neutrino mass probes based on 0v betabeta-decay is presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Aalseth, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-01,POB 999,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1250 EP 1253 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000275 ER PT S AU Wu, J Wang, M Gottschalk, E Cancelo, G Pavlicek, V AF Wu, J Wang, M Gottschalk, E Cancelo, G Pavlicek, V BE Metzler, SD TI Hash sorter - Firmware implementation and an application for the fermilab BTeV level 1 trigger system SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE BTeV; trigger; hash sorter; firmware ID VERTEX TRIGGER AB A hardware hash sorter for the Fermilab BTeV Level 1 trigger system will be presented. The hash sorter examines track-segment data before the data are sent to a system comprised of 2500 Level 1 processors, and rearranges the data into bins based on the slope of track segments. We have found that by using the rearranged data, processing time is significantly reduced allowing the total number of processors required for the Level 1 trigger system to be reduced. The hash sorter can be implemented in an FPGA that is already included as part of the design of the trigger system. Hash sorting has potential applications in a broad area in trigger and DAQ systems. It is a simple O(n) process and is suitable for FPGA implementation. Several implementation strategies will also be discussed in this document. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1254 EP 1256 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000276 ER PT S AU Maravin, Y Anderson, J Angstadt, R Babukhadia, L Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Borcherding, F Connolly, B Cooke, M Desai, S Evans, D Grannis, P Grunendahl, S Hensel, C Hu, Y Jain, V Johnson, M Linn, S Lizarazo, J Martin, M Mutaf, Y Noding, C Olsen, J Ramirez-Gomez, R Rapisarda, S Stevenson, K Tomoto, M Vachon, B Wijnen, T Wilcer, N Wilson, G Xu, QC Yip, K AF Maravin, Y Anderson, J Angstadt, R Babukhadia, L Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Borcherding, F Connolly, B Cooke, M Desai, S Evans, D Grannis, P Grunendahl, S Hensel, C Hu, Y Jain, V Johnson, M Linn, S Lizarazo, J Martin, M Mutaf, Y Noding, C Olsen, J Ramirez-Gomez, R Rapisarda, S Stevenson, K Tomoto, M Vachon, B Wijnen, T Wilcer, N Wilson, G Xu, QC Yip, K BE Metzler, SD TI First results from the Central Tracking Trigger of the DO experiment. SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DETECTOR AB An overview of the DO Central Track Trigger (CTT) for the Tevatron Run 2 program is presented. This newly commissioned system uses information from the DO Central Fiber Tracker and Preshower Detectors to generate trigger information for the first level of the three-tiered DO Trigger. The system delivers tracking detector trigger decisions every 132 ns, based on input data flowing at a rate of 475 Gbit per second. Initial results indicate excellent performance of the CTT. First studies of efficiency and trigger performance of the CTT are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Maravin, Y (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1262 EP 1265 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000279 ER PT S AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M BE Metzler, SD TI New trigger processor algorithm for a tracking detector in a solenoidal magnetic field SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB This paper describes a new method of calculating triggers for a tracking detector in a magnetic field. The method is serial and requires one clock cycle per layer. It uses roughly the same resources in a Field Programmable Gate Array as the more conventional logical equation approach. It has 2 main advantages over the logical equation approach. First missing track elements have no affect on the amount of calculation required and the resolution degrades in a predictable manner. Second, this method allows implementing information from the third (non bend) coordinated as a simple extension to the basic algorithm. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1271 EP 1274 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000281 ER PT S AU Cancelo, G Gottschalk, E Pavlicek, V Wang, M Wu, J AF Cancelo, G Gottschalk, E Pavlicek, V Wang, M Wu, J BE Metzler, SD TI Failure analysis in a highly parallel processor for L1 triggering SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The current paper studies how processor failures affect the dataflow of the Level 1 Trigger in the BTeV experiment proposed to run at Fermilab's Tevatron. The failure analysis is crucial for a system with over 2500 processing nodes and a number of storage units and communication links of the same order of magnitude. The failure analysis is based on models of the L1 Trigger architecture and shows the dynamics of the architecture's dataflow. The failure analysis provides insight into how system variables are affected by single component failures and provides key information to the implementation of error recovery strategies. The analysis includes both short term failures from which the system can recover quickly and long term failures which imply a more drastic error recovery strategy. The modeling results are supported by behavioral simulations of the L1 Trigger processing BTeV's Geant Monte Carlo data. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cancelo, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1283 EP 1287 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000284 ER PT S AU Angstadt, R Brooijmans, G Chapin, D Clements, M Cutts, D Fuess, S Haas, A Hauser, R Johnson, M Kulyavtsev, A Mulders, M Padley, P Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Snyder, S Watts, G AF Angstadt, R Brooijmans, G Chapin, D Clements, M Cutts, D Fuess, S Haas, A Hauser, R Johnson, M Kulyavtsev, A Mulders, M Padley, P Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Snyder, S Watts, G BE Metzler, SD TI The Linux-based single board computer for front end crates in the DZERO data acquisition system SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE DAQ; VME; ethernet; trigger; D0; DZERO AB The Level 3 Trigger/Data Acquisition system (L3DAQ) for the DZERO detector was redesigned from scratch for the Fermilab Tevatron's RunII The L3DAQ moves data at a rate of 250 MB/sec from 63 readout crates to one of 82 Level 3 Trigger farm nodes over Ethernet. The readout crates are VME based, and each consists of a number of detector specific digitizer cards and a controller. The readout crates also contain a single L3DAQ Single Board Computer (SBC). Crate data size per event ranges from several kilobytes up to 24 kilobytes for the largest; and the data must be collected from each of the VME cards at an event readout rate of 1 kHz. The SBC, a VMIC 7750, is an off-the-shelf component and runs Linux with several common and custom patches. This paper will describe the custom driver we've written to control the VME readout, modifications to the Linux kernel, and the user level readout code. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Angstadt, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1303 EP 1306 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000289 ER PT S AU Veith, GM Dudney, NJ AF Veith, GM Dudney, NJ BE Metzler, SD TI Preparation of thin-film neutron converter foils for imaging detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB With the pending delivery of the new Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a new generation of highly efficient, position sensitive neutron detectors needs to be developed. One promising prospect for detector development has been the neutron imaging detector, consisting of a conversion foil which produce amongst other things alpha and gamma particles from incident neutrons, and a position sensitive charge particle detector. Historically the conversion efficiency has been low in these foils. To enhance the conversion efficiency foils consisting of multiple converters and complex geometries need to be developed. In order to understand the materials chemistry between multiple converters as well as to maximize the production and transmission of the daughter products, we have prepared and characterized a series of thin-films from naturally occurring isotopes of the strong neutron absorbers Li, B and Gd. The films have been created using a combination of sputtering and evaporation techniques. The composition of the resulting films have been investigated using EDS and RBS while the interfacial mixing between the layers has been studied using a combination of RBS and SEM experiments. Experiments studying the aging of the detector films in the detector gas as well as alloying of Li and the film substrate have also been undertaken and the results are reported here. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Veith, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1351 EP 1354 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000300 ER PT S AU Sullivan, JP Arnone, G Hayes, DK Hoover, A Kippen, RM Rawool-Sullivan, MW Sandberg, V AF Sullivan, JP Arnone, G Hayes, DK Hoover, A Kippen, RM Rawool-Sullivan, MW Sandberg, V BE Metzler, SD TI Detector tests for a prototype Compton imager SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY AB Compton imaging, which reconstructs the direction of incident photons based on the kinematics of Compton scattering, is of interest in the fields of astrophysics, medical imaging, and homeland defense. We are attempting to build a device in which the Compton scatter takes place in one of several layers of thin Silicon detectors and the secondary photon is detected in an array of high resolution photon detectors. We have purchased prototypes for both detector systems. This paper presents performance results from simulations and tests of the detectors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sullivan, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-25,MS-H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1384 EP 1388 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000307 ER PT S AU Ziock, KP Burks, MT Cork, CP Hull, EL Madden, NW AF Ziock, KP Burks, MT Cork, CP Hull, EL Madden, NW BE Metzler, SD TI Performance of gamma-ray imager using a 38x38 crossed-strip Ge detector SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We have developed a gamma-ray imager that uses a unique hybrid germanium detector as its gamma-ray sensing element. The detector includes an eleven-millimeter thick two-millimeter pitch, 38 x 38 crossed-strip, planar, Ge detector followed by a 5-cm thick, 8-cm diameter, coaxial, Ge detector. The two-detector design significantly improves the stopping power for high energy gamma-rays over that of the planar detector alone. The images are created using the coded aperture imaging technique. A, shadow mask of 6.1-mm thick Ta is used to provide imaging efficiency out to beyond 500 keV. The imager is designed for use in non-destructive analysis problems where the source configuration and overlying material is not known a priori. The images are fully deconvolved to provide a spectrum at each pixel in the image. This information allows NDA techniques to be applied to each line of sight from the source, significantly improving the information obtained from a measurement In this paper we present the details of the imager design and its performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1430 EP 1434 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000318 ER PT S AU Burks, M Hull, E Fabris, L Madden, N Mihailescu, L Riot, V Vetter, K Ziock, K AF Burks, M Hull, E Fabris, L Madden, N Mihailescu, L Riot, V Vetter, K Ziock, K BE Metzler, SD TI A 4-pi field of view compton imager based on a single planar germanium detector SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS AB A Compton imager has been developed based on a single germanium strip detector. The system has the ability to image point or continuous gamma ray sources located anywhere in a 4-pi field of view. The effective energy range for imaging is approximately 200 keV to greater than 1 MeV. The system was designed as a prototype for a field deployable system. Therefore, custom electronics were designed and other efforts were made such that the entire system could fit on a small lab cart and be moved by a single person. Possible applications include search and monitoring of radionuclide material. Various images are shown and the ability of the imager to find a source in the presence of high background is demonstrated. The absolute imaging efficiency of the detector at 511 keV is shown to be similar to 4 * 10(-3) for this system. Of events that deposited their full energy in the detector, it is shown that similar to20% are suitable for imaging using current techniques. Methods to improve the efficiency in future systems are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burks, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1435 EP 1439 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000319 ER PT S AU Moss, CE Goulding, CA Hollas, CL Myers, WL AF Moss, CE Goulding, CA Hollas, CL Myers, WL BE Metzler, SD TI Neutron detectors for active interrogation of highly enriched uranium SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We describe the results of our effort to optimize three neutron detector systems for active interrogation of highly enriched uranium: 1) a large-area detector for maximum total efficiency, 2) modular detectors for maximum flexibility in configuring a detector system for an application, and 3) a portable detector. All three systems contained He-3 tubes, polyethylene to moderate the neutrons, and cadmium to filter out room-return thermal neutrons. The back and sides of the detectors were shielded with additional polyethylene or borated polyethylene. The electronics gated off the data acquisition during the interrogating pulse, either bremsstrahlung photons from an electron linac or neutrons from a DT generator. The sensitivity of each detector system depends on the distance between the detector and nuclear material as well as on the intervening material. We present representative data for several configurations showing the performance of each system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1440 EP 1443 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000320 ER PT S AU Kouzes, RT Ely, JH Geelhood, BD Hansen, RR Lepel, EA Schweppe, JE Siciliano, E Strom, DJ Warner, RA AF Kouzes, RT Ely, JH Geelhood, BD Hansen, RR Lepel, EA Schweppe, JE Siciliano, E Strom, DJ Warner, RA BE Metzler, SD TI Naturally occurring radioactive materials and medical isotopes at border crossings SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Countries around the world are deploying radiation detection instrumentation to interdict the illegal shipment of radioactive material crossing international borders. Some cargo contains naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) or technologically enhanced NORM (TENORM) that triggers alarms at border crossings. This paper discusses experience with radiation portal monitors for the interdiction of radioactive materials and the issues raised by NORM. The results of observations and computations related to NORM characteristics are discussed. C1 PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kouzes, RT (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1448 EP 1452 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000322 ER PT S AU Ely, JH Kouzes, RT Geelhood, BD Schweppe, JE Warner, RA AF Ely, JH Kouzes, RT Geelhood, BD Schweppe, JE Warner, RA BE Metzler, SD TI Discrimination of naturally occurring radioactive material in plastic scintillator material SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Plastic scintillator material is used in many applications for the detection of gamma rays from radioactive material, primarily due to the sensitivity per unit cost compared to other detection materials. However, the resolution and lack of full-energy peaks in the plastic scintillator material prohibits detailed spectroscopy. Therefore, other materials such as doped sodium iodide are used for spectroscopic applications. The limited spectroscopic information can, however, be exploited in plastic scintillator materials to provide some discrimination. The discrimination between man-made and naturally occurring sources would be useful in reducing alarm screening for radiation detection applications that target man-made sources. The results of applying the limited energy information from plastic scintillator material for radiation portal monitors are discussed. C1 PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ely, JH (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1453 EP 1457 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000323 ER PT S AU Jarman, KD Smith, LE Carlson, DK Anderson, DN AF Jarman, KD Smith, LE Carlson, DK Anderson, DN BE Metzler, SD TI Sequential probability ratio test for long-term radiation monitoring SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID SURVEILLANCE AB Among the possible decision-making algorithms for sequentially-acquired radiation sensor data is the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT). The suitability of the SPRT for long-term monitoring applications is discussed, and the decision-making performance, of the SPRT is compared to that of the commonly used single-interval test (SIT). The analysis spans a wide range of signal and background count rates so that results are applicable to sensors of all sizes operating in different ambient conditions, with a spectrum of alarm thresholds. It is demonstrated that, for these simulated long-term monitoring scenarios, decisions to issue an alarm when the measured count rate equals the threshold count rate are made 3 to 5 times faster using the SPRT than with the SIT. The ability of the SPRT to provide an "all-clear" indication and the need for SPRT truncation strategies to limit decision times when the measured count rate falls between background and the specified threshold are also discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarman, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, POB 999,MS K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011 OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1458 EP 1462 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000324 ER PT S AU Nemzek, RJ Dreicer, JS Torney, DC AF Nemzek, RJ Dreicer, JS Torney, DC BE Metzler, SD TI Distributed sensor networks for detection of mobile radioactive sources SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The ability to track illicit radioactive transport through an urban environment has obvious national security applications. This goal may be achieved by means of individual portal monitors, or by a network of distributed sensors. We have examined the distributed sensing problem by modeling a network of scintillation detectors measuring a Cesium-137 source. We examine signal-to-noise behaviors that arise in the simple combination of data from networked radiation sensors. We find that in the ideal case, large increases in signal-to-noise compared to an individual detector can be achieved, even for a moving source. We also discuss statistical techniques for localizing and tracking single and multiple radioactive sources. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-4,MS-D448, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Nemzek@lanl.gov; jdreicer@lanl.gov; dct@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1463 EP 1467 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000325 ER PT S AU Wagner, M Bebek, CJ Kolbe, WF Maurath, D Prasad, V Uslenghi, M Wagner, M AF Wagner, M Bebek, CJ Kolbe, WF Maurath, D Prasad, V Uslenghi, M Wagner, M BE Metzler, SD TI Measurement of lateral charge diffusion in thick, fully depleted, back-illuminated CCDs SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID SILICON AB Lateral charge diffusion in back-illuminated CCDs directly affects the point spread function (PSF) and spatial resolution of an imaging device. This can be of particular concern in thick, back-illuminated CCDs. We describe a technique of measuring this diffusion and present PSF measurements for an 800x1100, 15 mum pixel, 280 mum thick back-illuminated, p-channel CCD that can be over-depleted. The PSF is measured over a wavelength range of 450 nm to 650 nm and at substrate bias voltages between 6 V and 80 V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wagner, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1513 EP 1517 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000336 ER PT S AU Field, C Hadig, I Jain, M Leith, DWGS Mazaheri, G Ratcliff, BN Schwiening, J Va'vra, J AF Field, C Hadig, I Jain, M Leith, DWGS Mazaheri, G Ratcliff, BN Schwiening, J Va'vra, J BE Metzler, SD TI Timing and detection efficiency properties of multi-anode PMTs for a focusing DIRC SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE photodetectors; Cherenkov Detectors; RICH; DIRC AB For the present BABAR-DIRC, the Cherenkov angular resolution is dominated by three contributions - the chromatic error, bar thickness and pixel size. This paper discusses a prototype for a Focusing DIRC, which uses a smaller pixel size, a focusing mirror to reduce the effect of the bar thickness and precise timing in the range of 50-100ps per photon to reduce the size of the chromatic error. This paper describes two novel photon detectors which are candidates for this type of concept: Hamamatsu 64-channel multi-anode Flat Panel H-8500 PMTs and Burle 64-channel micro-channel plate 85011-501 MCP-PMTs. The detectors were tested with a PiLas laser diode providing light pulses with 35ps FWHM timing resolution. A single-photon timing resolution of (1) sigma approximate to 120 - 140ps was achieved with the Hamamatsu PMTs, and (2) sigma approximate to 55ps with the Burle MCP-PMTs. To achieve the good timing resolution results, we have developed a new fast amplifier and a constant-fraction discriminator. We have also developed a computer-controlled two-dimensional scanning setup, which allows a detailed study of the uniformity of the PMT and of the efficiency response to single photons relative to a reference PMT. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Field, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1518 EP 1521 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352165 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000337 ER PT S AU Chudakov, E Luppov, V AF Chudakov, E Luppov, V BE Metzler, SD TI Moller polarimetry with atomic hydrogen targets SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE polarimetry; polarimeter; Moller; Moller; hydrogen; atomic ID BEAM POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS AB A novel proposal of using polarized atomic hydrogen gas, stored in an ultra-cold magnetic trap, as the target for electron beam polarimetry based on Moller scattering is discussed. Such a target of practically 100% polarized electrons could provide a superb systematic accuracy of about 0.5% for beam polarization measurements. The feasibility studies for the CEBAF electron beam have been performed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chudakov, E (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1552 EP 1556 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000345 ER PT S AU Fisher, AS Laznovsky, M Allison, SA Chestnut, RP Petree, M AF Fisher, AS Laznovsky, M Allison, SA Chestnut, RP Petree, M BE Metzler, SD TI Tune feedback in PEP-II SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The PEP-H B Factory is a 2.2-km-circumference, storage-ring collider in which 9-GeV electrons in the high-energy ring collide with 3.1-GeV positrons in the low-energy ring. In 2002 we installed tracking loops to measure each ring's horizontal and vertical tunes. (The tune, a critical parameter for beam stability and for luminosity, is the fractional part of the number of oscillations of the beam about the central orbit in one revolution.) Each tracker uses a lock-in amplifier to measure the phase difference between a sinusoidal excitation of the beam and its response. If the drive frequency is swept across the tune resonance, this phase drops by 180 degrees. The tracker continually adjusts the frequency to maintain the phase at the middle of this transition. This drive frequency, normalized to the revolution frequency, gives the fractional tune. Recently these four loops (electron and positron, x and y) have been extended to controlling the tunes, by adjusting combinations of quadrupole magnets. However, at the same time we have increased the luminosity by setting the tunes just above the half-integer resonance, where a misadjustment can quickly lose the beam, and beam-beam forces from collisions make the tune spectra broad and complex. Consequently, we added a few non-colliding bunches to the fill pattern of each ring. Fast gates let us excite and measure only these bunches, and let us stop feedback damping of transverse motion for them. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fisher, AS (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1557 EP 1560 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000346 ER PT S AU Schulte, R Bashkirov, V Li, TF Liang, JZ Mueller, K Heimann, J Johnson, LR Keeney, B Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Zhang, L Li, Z Peggs, S Satogata, T Woody, C AF Schulte, R Bashkirov, V Li, TF Liang, JZ Mueller, K Heimann, J Johnson, LR Keeney, B Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Zhang, L Li, Z Peggs, S Satogata, T Woody, C BE Metzler, SD TI Design of a proton computed tomography system for applications in proton radiation therapy SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID CSI(TL) SCINTILLATORS; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; ENERGY RESOLUTION; EMISSION AB Proton computed tomograpky (pCT) has the potential to improve the accuracy of dose calculations for proton treatment planning, and will also be useful for pretreatment verification of patient positioning relative to the proton beam. A design study was performed to define the optimal approach to a pCT system based on specifications for applications in proton therapy. Conceptual and detailed design of a pCT system is presented consisting of a silicon-based particle tracking system and a crystal calorimeter to measure energy loss of individual protons. We discuss the formation of pCT images based on the reconstruction of volume electron density maps and the suitability of analytic and statistical algorithms for image reconstruction. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron Radiol & Comp Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schulte, R (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1579 EP 1583 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000351 ER PT S AU Tindall, CS Amman, M Luke, PN AF Tindall, CS Amman, M Luke, PN BE Metzler, SD TI Large-area Si(Li) orthogonal-strip detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Segmented lithium drifted silicon detectors are being developed for use in large Compton cameras and for medical imaging. We have successfully fabricated 3.5 mm thick crossed-strip detectors with active areas of 40 x 40 mm(2) with a 2 mm strip pitch. These detectors utilize new contact technology consisting of a boron implanted p-type contact and an amorphous silicon (alpha-Si) n-type contact. Good energy resolution and excellent strip separation was obtained from both contacts at relatively high operating temperatures. An energy resolution of 2.1 keV FWHM at 122 keV was obtained for the alpha-Si strip at temperature up to 200 K and for the B strip at temperature up to 240K Measurements of the charge sharing between the strips were also performed. When the detector was flood illuminated with 60 keV gamma-rays, a small signal deficit was observed for events in which the signal was shared between two adjacent strips. The amount of deficit depended on the contact type, strip geometry and the operating temperature. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tindall, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1659 EP 1662 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000369 ER PT S AU Blanford, R Chen, P Kamae, T Madejski, G Ng, J Mizuno, T Tajima, H Thurston, T Barbier, L Bloser, P Cline, T Hunter, S Harding, A Krizmanic, J Mitchell, J Streitmatter, R Tueller, J Groth, E Fernholz, R Marlow, D Bogaert, G Gunji, S Sakurai, H Saito, Y Takahashi, T Kataoka, J Kawai, N Fukazawa, Y Carlson, P Klamra, W Pearce, M Bjornsson, CI Fransson, C Larsson, S Ryde, F AF Blanford, R Chen, P Kamae, T Madejski, G Ng, J Mizuno, T Tajima, H Thurston, T Barbier, L Bloser, P Cline, T Hunter, S Harding, A Krizmanic, J Mitchell, J Streitmatter, R Tueller, J Groth, E Fernholz, R Marlow, D Bogaert, G Gunji, S Sakurai, H Saito, Y Takahashi, T Kataoka, J Kawai, N Fukazawa, Y Carlson, P Klamra, W Pearce, M Bjornsson, CI Fransson, C Larsson, S Ryde, F BE Metzler, SD TI Large-area balloon-borne polarized gamma ray observer (PoGO) SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID NEAR-EARTH ORBIT; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; CRAB-NEBULA; X-RAYS; PULSARS; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; RADIATION; PROTONS; MODEL AB We are developing a new balloon-borne instrument (PoGO), to measure polarization of soft gamma rays (25-200 keV) using asymmetry in azimuth angle distribution of Compton scattering. PoGO will detect 10% polarization in 100m Crab sources in a 6-8 hour observation and bring a new dimension to studies on gamma ray emission/transportation mechanism in pulsars, AGNs, black hole binaries, and neutron star surface. The concept is an adaptation to polarization measurements of well-type phoswich counter technology used in balloon-borne experiments (Welcome-1) and AstroE2 Hard X-ray Detector. PoGO consists of close-packed array of 397 hexagonal well-type phoswich counters. Each unit is composed of a long thin tube (well) of slow plastic scintillator, a solid rod of fast plastic scintillator, and a short BGO at the base. A photomultiplier coupled to the end of the BGO detects light from all 3 scintillators. The rods with decay times < 10 ns, are used as the active elements; while the wells and BGOs, with decay times similar to 250 ns are used as active anti-coincidence. The fast and slow signals are separated out electronically. When gamma rays entering the field-of-view (fwhmsimilar to 3deg(2)) strike a fast scintillator, some are Compton scattered. A fraction of the scattered photons are absorbed in another rod (or undergo a second scatter). A valid evnet requires one clean fast signal of pulse-height compatible with photo-absorption (> 20keV) and one or more compatible with Compton scattering (< 10keV). Studies based on EGS4 (with polarization features) and Geant4 predict excellent background rejection and high sensitivity. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Kamae, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1708 EP 1713 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000380 ER PT S AU Vaska, P Woody, CL Schlyer, DJ Shokouhi, S Stoll, SP Pratte, JF O'Connor, P Junnarkar, SS Rescia, S Yu, B Purschke, M Kandasamy, A Villanueva, A Kriplani, A Radeka, V Volkow, N Lecomte, R Fontaine, R AF Vaska, P Woody, CL Schlyer, DJ Shokouhi, S Stoll, SP Pratte, JF O'Connor, P Junnarkar, SS Rescia, S Yu, B Purschke, M Kandasamy, A Villanueva, A Kriplani, A Radeka, V Volkow, N Lecomte, R Fontaine, R BE Metzler, SD TI RatCAP: Miniaturized head-mounted PET for conscious rodent brain imaging SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; ANESTHESIA; MICROPET AB Anesthesia is currently required for PET studies of the animal brain in order to eliminate motion artifacts. However, anesthesia profoundly affects the neurological state of the animal, complicating the interpretation of PET results. Furthermore, it precludes the use of PET to study the brain during natural behavior. The RatCAP tomograph (Rat Conscious Animal PET) is designed to eliminate the need for anesthesia in rat brain studies. It is a miniaturized full-ling PET scanner which is, attached directly to the head, covering nearly the entire brain. RatCAP utilizes arrays of 2 mm x 2 mm LSO crystals coupled to matching avalanche photodiode arrays, which are in turn read out by full custom integrated circuits. Principal challenges have been addressed considering the physical constraints on size, weight, and heat generation in addition to the usual requirements of small-animal PET such as high spatial resolution in the presence of parallax error. A partial prototype has been constructed and preliminary measurements and optimization completed. Realistic Monte Carlo simulations have also been carried out to optimize system performance, which is predicted to be competitive with existing microPET systems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vaska, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1780 EP 1784 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000395 ER PT S AU Wojcik, R Goode, AR Smith, MF Beller, GA Ellman, PI Majewski, S Qi, YJ Tsui, BMW Wang, Y Weisenberger, AG Glover, DK AF Wojcik, R Goode, AR Smith, MF Beller, GA Ellman, PI Majewski, S Qi, YJ Tsui, BMW Wang, Y Weisenberger, AG Glover, DK BE Metzler, SD TI Dedicated small field of view SPECT system based on a 5 '' PSPMT and crystal scintillator array for high resolution small animal cardiac Imaging SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We have developed and evaluated a high resolution small animal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging system using a small field-of-view gamma camera based on a 10 cm diameter Hamamatsu R3292 position sensitive PMT and NaI(T1) crystal array. The instrument was designed primarily to image myocardial perfusion as well as heart and lung uptake of molecular-targeted tracers in rodent models. In the present study, we evaluated the system performance by imaging a stationary micro SPECT phantom and a variety of in vivo small animal models. Using a magnification factor of 1.57 and a 0.5mm pinhole collimator, the reconstructed phantom images showed a spatial separation of individual rods as small as 1.6mm. A myocardial perfusion study which was performed on a rat yielded high quality tomographic slices of the heart which clearly revealed both left and right ventricular walls and chambers. Such high resolution cardiac imaging was made possible due to the high intrinsic spatial resolution of the detector combined with pinhole collimation and OSEM reconstruction methodology. The system proved to be a very useful tool for use in molecular imaging of targeted probes. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Wojcik, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1819 EP 1823 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000404 ER PT S AU Goddard, JS Gleason, SS Paulus, MJ Kerekes, R Majewski, S Popov, V Smith, A Weisenberger, A Welch, B Wojcik, R AF Goddard, JS Gleason, SS Paulus, MJ Kerekes, R Majewski, S Popov, V Smith, A Weisenberger, A Welch, B Wojcik, R BE Metzler, SD TI Pose measurement and tracking system for motion-correction of unrestrained small animal PET/SPECT imaging SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB An optical landmark-based pose measurement and tracking system is under development to provide in-scan animal position data for a new SPECT imaging system for unrestrained laboratory animals. The animal position and orientation data provides motion correction during image reconstruction. This paper describes new developments and progress using landmark markers placed on the animal along with strobed infrared lighting with improvements in accuracy for the extraction of head feature positions during motion. A stereo infrared imaging approach acquires images of the markers through a transparent enclosure, segments the markers, corrects for distortion and rejects unwanted reflections. Software estimates intrinsic as well as extrinsic camera calibration parameters and provides a full six degree-of-freedom (DOF) camera-to-camera calibration. A robust stereo point correspondence and 3D measurement calculation based on the fundamental matrix provides the pose at camera frame rates. Experimental testing has been conducted on calibrated fixtures with six DOF measurement capabilities as well as on live laboratory mice. Results show significantly improved accuracy and repeatability of the measurements. The live mouse results have demonstrated that reliable, accurate tracking measurements can be consistently achieved for the full SPECT image acquisition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goddard, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1824 EP 1827 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000405 ER PT S AU Weisenberger, AG Kross, B Gleason, SS Goddard, J Majewski, S Meikle, SR Paulus, MJ Pomper, M Popov, V Smith, MF Welch, BL Wojcik, R AF Weisenberger, AG Kross, B Gleason, SS Goddard, J Majewski, S Meikle, SR Paulus, MJ Pomper, M Popov, V Smith, MF Welch, BL Wojcik, R BE Metzler, SD TI Development and testing of a restraint free small animal SPECT imaging system with infrared based motion tracking SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ULTRA-HIGH-RESOLUTION; SMALL LABORATORY-ANIMALS; EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; PINHOLE SPECT; MICROPET; BRAIN; MICE AB The development and initial evaluation of a high-resolution single photon emission tomography (SPECT) based system to image the biodistribution of radiolabeled tracers such as Tc-99m and I-125 in unrestrained/un-anesthetized mice. An infrared (IR) based position tracking apparatus has been developed and integrated into a SPECT gantry. The tracking system is designed to measure the spatial position of a mouse's head at a rate of 10-15 frames per second with sub-millimeter accuracy. The high resolution, gamma imaging detectors are based on pixellated NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator arrays, arrays of compact position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes and novel readout circuitry for lower device cost while retaining high spatial resolution. Two SPECT gamma camera detector heads based on a 4 x 8 array of Hamamatsu R8520-C12 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes have been built and installed onto the gantry. The IR landmark-based pose measurement and tracking system is under development to provide animal position data during a SPECT scan. The animal position and orientation data acquired by the IR tracking system is used for motion correction during the tomographic image reconstruction. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RI Meikle, Steven/A-5470-2009 OI Meikle, Steven/0000-0001-7397-0364 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2090 EP 2094 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000464 ER PT S AU Majewski, S Raylman, R Kross, B Popov, V Weisenberger, AG Welch, B Wojcik, R AF Majewski, S Raylman, R Kross, B Popov, V Weisenberger, AG Welch, B Wojcik, R BE Metzler, SD TI Evaluation of a double layer 2x2cm thick pixellated NaI(Tl) array for application in positron imagers SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Results are presented on the preliminary evaluation of the specially designed double NaI(T1) pixel arrays for application in economical small field of view positron imagers, primarily intended for cardiac imaging. The high performing LSO or GSO scintillator based positron imagers suffer from high cost, while current NaI(T1) based positron imagers have comparatively low efficiency, partially due to lower stopping power of NaI(T1). To remedy this last limitation, in collaboration with Saint Gobain Crystals and Detectors a double 3x3x20mm pixellated crystal array was designed with a total thickness of 40mm, by optically coupling two identical pixel arrays. One-sided and double-sided optical readout was tested to provide depth of interaction and/or to improve the 511 keV photopeak energy resolution. Very encouraging results were obtained and a follow-up study will focus on an implementation of the concept in a practical cardiac imager. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Majewski, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2153 EP 2155 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000478 ER PT S AU Popov, V Majewski, S Weisenberger, AG AF Popov, V Majewski, S Weisenberger, AG BE Metzler, SD TI Readout electronics for multianode photomultiplier tubes with pad matrix anode layout SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We have developed economical readout concept for multianode photomultiplier tubes which have a matrix type pad anode layout. This style of anode layout is used in many position sensitive photomultiplier tubes such as R5900-M64 an recently available flat panel H8500 PMT from Hmamatsu Photonics [1], [2], as well as the Burle PLANACON(TM) 85011 PSPMT [3]. All these PMTs have a matrix of 8x8 anode pads requiring signal readout from 64 outputs. The number of readout channels quickly increases in systems utilizing many of these PMTs. In order to reduce the number of active channels to be read we have employed a two-dimensional decoupling resistive matrix circuit. A decoupling resistive matrix was designed to convert the 2-D area readout into a projective two single coordinate readout, and, thereby, to simplify readout electronics. In the case of PMT array, the circuit permits ganging together signals from several of the photomultipliers in the same way as done in the cross-wire photomultiplier tube anode layout. We tested this readout concept in several compact gamma cameras designed and built at Jefferson Lab. The largest size array consists of 3x4 (12 total) of H8500 photomultiplier tubes with 768 individual anode pad outputs, which were decoupled into 32x+24y (56 total) readout channels, a reduction by factor - 14. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Popov, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2156 EP 2159 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000479 ER PT S AU Smith, MF Meikle, SR Majewski, S Weisenberger, AG AF Smith, MF Meikle, SR Majewski, S Weisenberger, AG BE Metzler, SD TI Design of multipinhole collimators for small animal SPECT SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ULTRA-HIGH-RESOLUTION; PINHOLE SPECT; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SYSTEM; MICE AB High resolution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of small animals with pinhole collimators is hampered by poor sensitivity. For the target application of imaging the brain of an unanesthetized, unrestrained mouse, the design of multipinhole collimators for small, compact gamma cameras was studied using numerical simulations. The collimators were designed to image the mouse at different axial positions inside a tube aligned with the axis of rotation (AOR) of the SPECT system. The proposed system consisted of a 10 cm x 20 cm pixellated detector with 2 cm from the AOR to the collimator mask and a focal length of 7 cm for a magnification of 3.5 on the AOR. A digital mouse phantom was created with a brain: background activity concentration ratio of 8:1. The brain region contained small disks and hot and cool cylinders for contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) quantitation. SPECT projection data were simulated at 120 angles for four pinhole masks having 1, 5 and two arrangements of 13 pinholes. Projections were scaled to model a 30 min study with doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mCi in the mouse. Images were reconstructed with an iterative ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm. The peak SNR improved with multipinhole collimation compared with single pinhole imaging when there was no increased activity in the liver or bladder. With such activity, peak SNR was about the same for all collimators. For all cases peak SNR occurred at higher contrast values with multipinhole collimation. The extended axial range of multipinhole arrays enabled the mouse brain to be imaged with decreased axial blurring when the mouse was translated axially. These results suggest that mouse brains can be successfully imaged at realistic activity levels with multipinhole arrays and projection data multiplexing. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Smith, MF (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Meikle, Steven/A-5470-2009 OI Meikle, Steven/0000-0001-7397-0364 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2291 EP 2295 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352355 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000508 ER PT S AU Welch, BL Majewski, S Popov, V Smith, MF Weisenberger, AG Wojcik, R Goddard, JS Gleason, SS Paulus, MJ AF Welch, BL Majewski, S Popov, V Smith, MF Weisenberger, AG Wojcik, R Goddard, JS Gleason, SS Paulus, MJ BE Metzler, SD TI Acquisition and control for a combined SPECT/infrared tracking system for restraint-free small animal imaging SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A gamma-ray imaging system has been developed for acquiring in vivo images of the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in unrestrained, unanesthetized small animal. This system uses two gamma-ray cameras and an infrared position tracking system. The two gamma-ray cameras and infrared position tracking system are mounted on a rotational gantry with a burrow for the small animal (typically mice) at the center. A system of PC computers is used to control the rotation of the cameras and tracking system to various angles of viewing, collect the gamma-ray data, and track the position of the animal with the infrared system. The gamma-ray data, infrared position tracking data and gantry location information will be post-processed to reconstruct a single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) image of the animal that is corrected for motion of the animal. A 24-bit counter is incremented on a 10-millisecond time scale and read by the three computers in the system. This provides a common time base to synchronize the data collected by the separate systems. The gantry controller records the times that the gantry is moving and stationary. The infrared position tracking system records the position of the object up to 15 times per second. The gamma-ray camera records the data in list mode with a separate 1-millisecond clock incorporated into the event data. This higher time resolution in the gamma-ray data will allow for correction of motion by interpolation between the position data. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Welch, BL (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2310 EP 2314 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352359 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000512 ER PT S AU Choong, WS Moses, WW Tindall, CS Luke, PN AF Choong, WS Moses, WW Tindall, CS Luke, PN BE Metzler, SD TI Design for a high-resolution small-animal SPECT system using pixellated Si(Li) detectors for In vivo I-125 imaging SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE small-animal; SPECT; lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)); pixellated detector; iodine-125; in vivo ID GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS; CHARGE COLLECTION; TOMOGRAPHY; READOUT; CAMERA; CDTE AB We propose a design for a high-resolution SPECT system for in vivo I-125 imaging in small animal using pixellated lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detectors. The detectors have high detection efficiency ( > 90%), good energy resolution ( < 15% FWHM), and good intrinsic spatial resolution ( similar to1 mm FWHM). The SPECT system has a dual head detector geometry with the distance between the detectors ranging 30-50 mm to allow for the shortest imaging distance between the mouse and the detectors. The detectors, each with an-active area of 64 mm x 40 mm (64 x 40 array of 1 mm(2) pixels and a 6 mm thick Si(Li) detector), are mounted on a rotating gantry with an axial field-of-view of 64 mm. Using a high-resolution parallel-hole collimator, the expected spatial resolution is 1.6 mm FWHM at an imaging distance of 20 mm, and sensitivity is 6.7 cps/muCi. I-125 is a readily available radioisotope with a long half-life of 59.4 days and it is commonly used to label biological compounds in molecular biology. Conventional gamma cameras are not optimized to detect the low emission energies (27 to 35 keV) of I-125. However, Si(Li) detector provides an ideal solution for detecting the low-energy emissions of I-125. In addition, a SPECT system based on Si(Li) detector can potentially be less expensive than other detector technology because of its ease of operation and the availability of many resources for processing silicon. This will increase the availability of small-animal SPECT systems in biomedical research, thereby providing an important tool to facilitate the research in mouse biology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wschoong@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2315 EP 2319 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352360 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000513 ER PT S AU Popov, V Welch, BL AF Popov, V Welch, BL BE Metzler, SD TI PCI data acquisition card for application in radiation Imaging systems SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB An efficient data acquisition system for operation with different types of radiation imaging detectors was developed and tested. This system uses a PCI-416 industrial high-speed analog data acquisition card from DATEL, Inc. [1]. The card is based on 32-bit PCI bus architecture and operates inside a wide variety of PC compatible computers. The hardware for analog signal interfacing as well as software for error free continuous data collection was developed. A data acquisition system based on the PCI-416 was tested on several projects and different computers running MS Windows NT4.0 OS and MS Windows 2000 OS. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Popov, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2339 EP 2342 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352365 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000518 ER PT S AU Majewski, S Raylman, R Kross, B Popov, V Weisenberger, AG Welch, B Wojcik, R AF Majewski, S Raylman, R Kross, B Popov, V Weisenberger, AG Welch, B Wojcik, R BE Metzler, SD TI Application of new Burle multipad flat panel PMTs in compact gamma and positron imagers-initial evaluations SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We have performed initial evaluations of the new position sensitive flat panel 85001 and 85011 PMTs from Burle Industries for applications in compact gamma and positron imagers. Different sizes of NaI(T1) and LSO scintillation crystal arrays were coupled to individual PMTs and to arrays of these PMTs. The main challenge with the present mechanical package design of these microchannel plate based PMTs is their rather large (similar to1cm) dead space around the active photocathode field. However, two imaging applications were identified where this limitation can be overcome. In the first case, the arrays of 2x2 and 3x3 PMTs with specially designed optical coupling schemes were built to minimize the effect of the dead space between PMTs. When combined with moderate NaI(T1) scintillation pixel sizes of 6.6mm and 10mm offering adequate practical spatial resolution for a cardiac camera, the obtained response uniformity is satisfactory over the active surface of the detector. Based on this concept, a practical prototype of a compact high rate imaging gamma camera was designed and will be built primarily for fast cardiac applications. In the second potential application, PMT modules can receive scintillation signals via optical fibers with fiber arrangement avoiding dead regions between PMTs arranged in an array, in a ring, etc. At this time a small PET scanner based on this solution is discussed with potential applications to small animal and brain imaging. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Majewski, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2376 EP 2378 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352373 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000526 ER PT S AU Qi, JY Huber, JS Huesman, RH Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Budinger, TF AF Qi, JY Huber, JS Huesman, RH Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Budinger, TF BE Metzler, SD TI Septa design for a prostate specific PET camera SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; PERFORMANCE AB The recent development of new prostate tracers has motivated us to build a low cost PET camera optimized to image the prostate. Coincidence imaging of positron emitters is achieved using a pair of external curved detector banks. The bottom bank is fixed below the patient bed, and the top bank moves upward for patient access and downward for maximum sensitivity. In this paper, we study the design of septa for the prostate camera using Monte Carlo simulations. The system performance is measured by the detectability of a prostate lesion. We have studied 17 septa configurations. The results show that the design of septa has a large impact on the lesion detection at a given activity concentration. Significant differences are also observed between the lesion detectability and the conventional noise equivalent count (NEC) performance, indicating that the NEC is not appropriate for the detection task. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, JY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2476 EP 2480 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352395 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000548 ER PT S AU Beebe-Wang, J Vaska, P Dilmanian, FA Peggs, SG Schlyer, DJ AF Beebe-Wang, J Vaska, P Dilmanian, FA Peggs, SG Schlyer, DJ BE Metzler, SD TI Simulation of proton therapy treatment verification via PET imaging of induced positron-emitters SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Earlier works, including a recent one at BNL, demonstrated that PET is a promising technique to verify the dose distribution of proton therapy, which is increasingly used in radiation oncology because the dose conforms more tightly to the tumor than common x-ray radiation therapy. Proton therapy produces positron-emitting isotopes along the beam path, allowing the therapy dose distribution to be imaged by PET as a form of quality assurance of the treatment. This is especially important when treating inhomogeneous organs such as the lungs or the head-and-neck, where the calculation of the expected dose distribution for treatment planning is more difficult. In this paper, we present Monte Carlo simulations of the yield of positron emitters produced by proton beams up to 250 MeV, followed by statistically realistic Monte Carlo simulation of the images expected from a clinical PET scanner. The emphasis of this study is to accurately predict the positron emitter distribution and to determine the quality of the PET signal in the region near the Bragg peak which is critical to the success of PET imaging for verification of proton beam location and dosimetry. In this paper, we also demonstrate that the image results depend strongly on the available nuclear reaction cross section data. We determine quantitatively the differences in the calculated positron emitter yields resulting from four different sets of input nuclear reaction cross section data. They are compared to the simulated distributions of positron emitter productions and absorbed proton energies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Beebe-Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2496 EP 2500 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352399 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000552 ER PT S AU Qi, JY AF Qi, JY BE Metzler, SD TI Noise propagation in iterative reconstruction algorithms with line searches SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID LIKELIHOOD IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION PROPERTIES; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; EM ALGORITHM; TRANSMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; MAP RECONSTRUCTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; VARIANCE; PET AB In this paper we analyze the propagation of noise in iterative image reconstruction algorithms. We derive theoretical expressions for the general form of preconditioned gradient algorithms with line searches. The results are applicable to a wide range of iterative reconstruction problems, such as emission tomography, transmission tomography, and image restoration. A unique contribution of this paper comparing to our previous work [1] is that the line search is explicitly modeled and we do not use the approximation that the gradient of the objective function is zero. As a result, the error in the estimate of noise at early iterations is significantly reduced. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, JY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2530 EP 2534 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352406 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000559 ER PT S AU Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH BE Metzler, SD TI Effects of scatter modeling on time-activity curves estimated directly from dynamic SPECT projections SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONS AB Quantitative analysis of uptake and washout of cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiopharmaceuticals has the potential to provide better contrast between healthy and diseased tissue, compared to conventional reconstruction of static images. Previously, we used B-splines to model time-activity curves (TACs) for segmented volumes of interest and developed fast least-squares algorithms to estimate spline TAC coefficients and their statistical uncertainties directly from dynamic SPECT projection data. This previous work incorporated physical effects of attenuation and depth-dependent collimator response. In the present work, we incorporate scatter and use a computer simulation to study how scatter modeling affects directly estimated TACs and subsequent estimates of compartmental model parameters. An idealized single-slice emission phantom was used to simulate a 15 min dynamic Tc-99m-teboroxime cardiac patient study in which 500,000 events containing scatter were detected from the slice. When scatter was modeled, unweighted least-squares estimates of TACs had root mean square (RMS) error that was less than 0.6% for normal left ventricular myocardium, blood pool, liver, and background tissue volumes and averaged 3% for two small myocardial defects. When scatter wits not modeled, RMS error increased to average values of 16% for the four larger volumes and 35% for the small defects. Noise-to-signal ratios (NSRs) for TACs ranged between 1-18% for the larger volumes and averaged 110% for the small defects when scatter was modeled. When scatter was not modeled, NSR improved by average factors of 1.04 for the larger volumes and 1.25 for the small defects, as a result of the better-posed (though more biased) inverse problem. Weighted least-squares estimates of TACs had slightly better NSR and worse RMS error, compared to unweighted least-squares estimates. Compartmental model uptake and washout parameter estimates obtained from the TACs were less sensitive to whether or not scatter was modeled, compared to the TACs themselves. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reutter, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2695 EP 2699 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352443 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000596 ER PT S AU Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH Roy, DNG Qi, JY Reutter, BW AF Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH Roy, DNG Qi, JY Reutter, BW BE Metzler, SD TI Estimation of the parameter covariance matrix for a one-compartment cardiac perfusion model estimated from a dynamic sequence reconstructed using MAP iterative reconstruction algorithms SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID NOISE; TOMOGRAPHY AB In dynamic cardiac SPECT estimates of kinetic parameters of a one-compartment perfusion model are usually obtained in a two step process: 1) first a MAP iterative algorithm, which properly models the Poisson statistics and the physics of the data acquisition, reconstructs a sequence of dynamic reconstructions, 2) then kinetic parameters are estimated from time activity curves generated from the dynamic reconstructions. This paper provides a method for calculating the covariance matrix of the kinetic parameters, which are determined using weighted least squares fitting that incorporates the estimated variance and covariance of the dynamic reconstructions. Sequential tomographic projections are reconstructed into a sequence of transaxial reconstructions for each transaxial slice using for each reconstruction in the time sequence the fixed-point solution to the MAP reconstruction. Time-activity curves for a sum of activity in a blood region inside the left ventricle and a sum in a cardiac tissue region, for the variance of the two estimates of the sum, and for the covariance between the two ROI estimates are generated at convergence. A one-compartment model is fit to the tissue activity curves assuming a noisy blood input function to give weighted least squares estimates of blood volume fraction, wash-in and wash-out rate constants specifying the kinetics for the left ventricular myocardium. Numerical methods are used to calculate the second derivative of the chi-square criterion to obtain estimates of the covariance matrix for the weighted least square parameter estimates. Even though the method requires one matrix inverse for each time interval of tomographic acquisition, efficient estimates of the tissue kinetic parameters in a dynamic cardiac SPECT study can be obtained with present day desk-top computers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gullberg, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3019 EP 3023 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352535 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000670 ER PT S AU Qi, JY Huesman, RH AF Qi, JY Huesman, RH BE Metzler, SD TI Propagation of errors from the sensitivity image in list mode reconstruction SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM; PET AB List mode image reconstruction is attracting renewed attention. It eliminates the storage of empty sinogram bins. However, a single back projection of all LORs is still necessary for the pre-calculation of a sensitivity image. Since the detection sensitivity is dependent on the object attenuation and detector efficiency, it must be computed for each study. Exact computation of the sensitivity image can be a daunting task for modern scanners with huge numbers of LORs. Thus, some fast approximate calculation may be desirable. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the error propagation from the sensitivity image into the reconstructed image. The theoretical analysis is based on the fixed point condition of the list mode reconstruction. The non-negativity constraint is modeled using the Kuhn-Tucker condition. With certain assumptions and the first order Taylor series approximation, we derive a closed form expression for the error in the reconstructed image as a function of the error in the sensitivity image. The result provides insights on what kind of error might be allowable in the sensitivity image. Computer simulations show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the measured results. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, JY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3087 EP 3091 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000685 ER PT S AU Luke, PN Amman, M Lee, JS AF Luke, PN Amman, M Lee, JS BE Metzler, SD TI Factors affecting energy resolution of coplanar-grid CdZnTe detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Coplanar-grid CdZnTe detectors have been under development for the past 10 years as room-temperature gamma-ray spectrometers, and they are being produced for use in a number of applications. Despite the improvements in detector active volume and spectral response that have been achieved with the coplanar-grid technique, the full potential of such detectors is still far from being realized. There exist a number of material, device, and electronics factors that limit detector performance and yield. Some of the major factors are identified and examined in terms of their origins and the magnitude of their effects on energy resolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luke, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3295 EP 3299 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352600 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000734 ER PT S AU Rehak, P AF Rehak, P BE Metzler, SD TI Silicon radiation detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DRIFT DETECTORS AB A rapid progress of past 20 years in Silicon Radiation Detectors is reviewed. The availability of silicon as almost ideal semiconductor material is one of the main reasons for this progress. The well-defined properties of the silicon-silicon dioxide interface allowed the development of detector structures beyond the structure of a classical diode detector, which was practically the only silicon detector structure 20 years ago. All new structures make use of an electric field parallel to the large surface of the detector. Improvements in the production of the silicon detectors lead to a substantial decrease of the detector leakage current. These detectors can achieve the best performance very close or at room temperature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rehak, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3375 EP 3379 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352629 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000750 ER PT S AU Borozdin, KN Hogan, GE Morris, CL Priedhorsky, WC Saunders, A Schultz, LJ Teasdale, ME AF Borozdin, KN Hogan, GE Morris, CL Priedhorsky, WC Saunders, A Schultz, LJ Teasdale, ME BE Metzler, SD TI Scattering Muon radiography and its application to the detection of high-Z materials SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borozdin, KN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3444 EP 3444 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352653 PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000765 ER PT S AU Mengesha, W Aalseth, CE Barnett, DS Bliss, M Schaefer, C AF Mengesha, W Aalseth, CE Barnett, DS Bliss, M Schaefer, C BE Metzler, SD TI Pulse shape analysis for electron mobility study in cadmium zinc telluride gamma-ray detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE CZT; DGF-4C; electron mobility; pulse shape processing AB A pulse shape analysis technique was implemented to determine electron mobility, mu(e), and electron mobility lifetime product, mu(e)tau(e), in Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors (CZT). The Digital Gamma Finder, (DGF-4C), a single width CAMAC module produced by X-ray Instrumentation Associates (XIA), was used to extract pulse height, pulse shape, and signal rise time information. Post data acquisition analysis using the extracted information allowed measuring the mu(e) and mu(e)tau(e) in selected CZT samples. An almost linear relationship was observed for the signal rise time as a function of the inverse bias. This observed linear relationship was the basis for determination of mu(e) using a simple linear fit The measured signal amplitude was also used to determine mu(e)tau(e) using the Hecht formulation. Repeated measurements carried out confirmed the consistency of the method in determining mu(e) and mu(e)tau(e). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mengesha, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3498 EP 3502 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352665 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000777 ER PT S AU Camarda, GS Kakuno, EM Carini, G Bolotnikov, AE Wright, GW James, RB Siddons, DP AF Camarda, GS Kakuno, EM Carini, G Bolotnikov, AE Wright, GW James, RB Siddons, DP BE Metzler, SD TI Micro-scale 2D mapping of cadmium-zinc telluride strip detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We have begun a program to develop CZT-based detectors optimized for Synchrotron Radiation (SR) applications. We have made a large number of pixellated and strip detectors with each element having a performance similar to that of individual commercial detectors. On the macroscopic scale it seems very hard to find a systematic correlation between performance and material defects, probably because of local stoichiometry variations and other local disordering. In order to understand the factors limiting the energy resolution of CZT X-ray detectors, our efforts were directed to the area of material characterization and detector testing using the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). NSLS provides us with a highly collimated high intensity X-ray beam, which is employed to perform micro-scale stoichiometry measurement using the SR beam to excite fluorescence and using the characteristic line intensities to measure concentration. Micron-scale detector performance mapping is performed to measure the correlation between microscopic defects and fluctuations in collected charge. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Camarda, GS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3503 EP 3506 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352666 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000778 ER PT S AU Manfredi, PF Re, V AF Manfredi, PF Re, V BE Metzler, SD TI Trends in the design of front-end systems for room temperature solid state detectors SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE front-end electronics; MOSFET; noise; JFET ID STRIP DETECTORS; DRAIN FEEDBACK; PREAMPLIFIER; TECHNOLOGY; JFET; ELECTRONICS; READOUT AB The paper discusses the present trends in the design of low-noise front-end systems for room temperature semiconductor detectors. The technological advancement provided by submicron CMOS processes is examined from several points of view. The noise performances are a fundamental issue in most detector applications and suitable attention is devoted to them for the purpose of judging whether or not the present processes supersede the solutions featuring a field-effect transistor as a front-end element. However, other considerations are also important in judging how well a monolithic technology suits the front-end design. Among them, the way a technology lends itself to the realization of additional functions, for instance, the charge reset in a charge-sensitive loop or the time-variant filters featuring the special weighting functions that may he requested in some applications of CdTe or CZT detectors. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Manfredi, PF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3507 EP 3512 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352667 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000779 ER PT S AU Jellison, GE AF Jellison, GE BE Metzler, SD TI Electric field-induced birefringence measurements in nuclear detector materials using transmission two-modulator generalized ellipsometry (2-MGE) SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID RADIATION DETECTORS AB It is well-known that internal electric fields can alter the refractive index of certain materials via the Pockels effect. Using the traditional crossed polarizer configuration, this effect has been used to explore internal electric fields in several materials of interest as potential room temperature nuclear detectors. Recently we have shown that the two-modulator generalized ellipsometer (2-MGE) can be configured in the transmission mode, where it measures the retardation, the direction of the principal axis, the diattertuation, and the polarization factor. Therefore, the transmission 2-MGE provides more information and is more accurate than the crossed polarizer configuration. Utilizing various optical schemes, one can sequentially "map" these parameters for a sample. Examples of electric-field-induced birefringence are presented for crystals of LiNbO3 and CZT. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3564 EP 3568 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352680 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000792 ER PT S AU Satogata, T Sadrozinski, HFW Dilmanian, A Peggs, S Ruggiero, A AF Satogata, T Sadrozinski, HFW Dilmanian, A Peggs, S Ruggiero, A BE Metzler, SD TI Dose/sensitivity in proton computed tomography SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID RADIOGRAPHY AB Proton therapy has become an established form of cancer treatment, but dose calculations and treatment planning are routinely performed based on X-ray computed tomography (XRCT), which requires a conversion to proton stopping power. A more appropriate method to directly measure stopping power and dose is proton computed tomography (pCT), where high-energy protons are measured after traversing completely through the patient. Proton radiographs and pCT have historically been limited by blurring due to multiple scattering. However, proton-by-proton track reconstruction techniques, measuring entry positions and exit positions and energies of each scanning proton, promise to greatly improve the spatial resolution of proton radiographs. We use simplified physical models of proton transport (including Bethe-Bloch energy loss, energy straggling, and multiple Coulomb scattering) in the 0-300 MeV energy range of interest to analytically quantify the tradeoffs and scaling between dose, spatial resolution, density resolution, and scanning voxel size. Monte Carlo results and comparisons to this scaling are generated with a small "fast" Monte Carlo code specifically written for proton transport and pCT (pint). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Satogata, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3667 EP 3671 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352703 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000814 ER PT S AU Peggs, S AF Peggs, S BE Metzler, SD TI Fundamental limits to stereotactic proton therapy SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE proton therapy; dose delivery; gantry; nozzle; treatment planning AB Proton therapy treatment techniques continue their steady development from passive scattering to 3-D multi-field scanning modalities. As the demands for faster and more accurate treatment increase, the requirements and tolerances on beam delivery technologies become more stringent. Fundamental physical limits (energy straggling and multiple Coulomb scattering) ultimately limit treatment performance parameters, even for an ideal accelerator and nozzle system. This paper calculates how few independent beam delivery control points are needed in a tumor in order to perform the sharpest possible stereotactic surgery, with 1% integrated dose flatness. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Peggs, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3672 EP 3676 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352704 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000815 ER PT S AU Kelsey, MH AF Kelsey, MH BE Metzler, SD TI Aging performance of the BaBar drift chamber SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The BaBar Drift Chamber has been operating since May 1999 at the PEP-II B-Factory, integrating a total of 140 fb(-1) luminosity in e(+)e(-) collisions at roots similar to 10.6 GeV. The chamber has accumulated a dose of approximately 10.6 mC/cm. The performance of the drift chamber with respect to aging (efficiency, gain, resolution) will be presented, along with projections over its expected lifetime. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kelsey, MH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3699 EP 3703 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352710 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000821 ER PT S AU Va'vra, J AF Va'vra, J BE Metzler, SD TI Attempt to correlate the ionic model with observations in BaBar RIPC chambers and R&D tests SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The paper presents a model of ionic conduction in the Bakelite-based RPC detectors. This model explains why these detectors need to add water while they operate. To produce the Bakelite polymer, one needs a chemical reaction of the formaldehyde and the phenol molecules. Water is an important byproduct of this chemical reaction. The electrode current, according to the presented model, is formed mainly by the ionic sequence involving the phenol impurities left in the Bakelite and water, both left from the initial production. As long as these two ingredients are present in the original amount, the Bakelite resistance is constant. If either water or phenol impurity are depleted from various reasons, for example due to a large current or presence of a dry gas, the Bakelite resistance increases. According to the presented model, water should be added right from the beginning and not half way through the experiment. Similar ionic process is present in the Linseed oil polymer, where the current is carried by the fatty acid molecular impurities and water. The Bakelite RPC operation requires the entire ionic sequence to operate smoothly to keep the electrode resistance constant. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3704 EP 3708 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352711 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000822 ER PT B AU Kaye, RJ AF Kaye, RJ BE Fair, HD TI Operational requirements and issues for coilgun EM launchers SO 2004 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT SP Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USA Res Lab ID RECONNECTION LAUNCHER; TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN AB Coilgun electromagnetic launchers have capability for low and high speed applications. Through the development of four guns having projectiles ranging from 10 g to 5 kg and speeds up to 1 km/s, Sandia National Laboratories 1 has succeeded in coilgun design and operations, validating the computational codes and basis for gun system control. Coilguns developed at Sandia consist of many coils stacked end-to-end forming a barrel, with each coil energized in sequence to create a traveling magnetic wave that accelerates a projectile. Active tracking of the projectile location during launch provides precise feedback to control when the coils are triggered to create this wave. However, optimum performance depends also on selection of coil parameters. This paper discusses issues related to coilgun design and control such as tradeoffs in geometry and circuit parameters to achieve the necessary current risetime to establish the energy in the coils. The impact of switch jitter on gun performance is also assessed for high-speed applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kaye, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1182, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8290-0 PY 2004 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1109/ELT.2004.1398047 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBT10 UT WOS:000227664800011 ER PT B AU Qi, JY Huesman, RH AF Qi, JY Huesman, RH GP IEEE TI Maximum-lesion-detectability reconstruction using penalized maximum likelihood SO 2004 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID MAP RECONSTRUCTION; NOISE PROPERTIES; EM ALGORITHM; TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; OBSERVERS; VARIANCE; MODEL; PET AB Statistical reconstruction methods based on the penalized maximum-likelihood (or maximum a posteriori) principle have been developed to improve the image quality in emission tomography. However, the penalty functions (or image priors) are often heuristically designed to encourage smoothness in reconstructed images. This paper presents a method to design the penalty function to improve lesion detection. We factorize the penalty function into pairwise potentials. Using the theoretical expressions that we have developed for evaluating lesion delectability, we are able to find the optimum weights of the pairwise potentials to achieve the maximum lesion detectability based on the numerical observers that are correlated to human performance. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8388-5 PY 2004 BP 348 EP 351 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Neuroimaging; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBT20 UT WOS:000227671300088 ER PT B AU Gullberg, GT AF Gullberg, GT GP IEEE TI Dynamic spect imaging: Exploring a new frontier in medical imaging SO 2004 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID STRESS AB Over the last several years cardiac PET, MRI, CT, and ultrasound have made significant advances while very few new improvements in imaging hardware and radiopharmaceuticals have been realized for cardiac SPECT. Today, the dual-detector SPECT system is the most common imaging system used in nuclear cardiology , and (201)T1 and Tc-99m-sestamibi are the most common used radiopharmaceuticals. Since no new radiotracers and hardware have been introduced for many years, new methods such as dynamic cardiac SPECT may offer the only potential to improve risk stratification in cases of moderate to mild coronary artery disease. Dynamic imaging could be performed on every cardiac SPECT procedure to provide improved lesion contrast and better evaluation of viable myocardium. However, there are challenges in the development of hardware, C radiopharmaceuticals, and data processing techniques for dynamic cardiac SPECT to realize its full potential. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gullberg, GT (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8388-5 PY 2004 BP 607 EP 610 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Neuroimaging; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBT20 UT WOS:000227671300153 ER PT B AU Resat, MS Solinsky, JC Wiley, HS Perrine, KA Seim, TA Budge, SE AF Resat, MS Solinsky, JC Wiley, HS Perrine, KA Seim, TA Budge, SE GP IEEE TI 3-D multispectral monitoring of living-cell signaling using confocal-imaging and FPGA processing SO 2004 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE AB Online control of living cell signal propagation experiments is being facilitated with field programmable gate array (FPGA) processing. The technology approach captures confocal fluorescence microscopy imagery in a manner that real-time, live-cell chemical signaling, can be monitored during an experiment for extended time periods. The experiments obtain quantitative, spatial characteristics of the cell chemistry from the imagery through analysis, following a localized perturbation stimulus. The construction of a high-speed, confocal microscope provides simultaneous, two color image acquisition, at speeds of up to 30 fps, allowing near-real-time fluorescent resonance energy, transfer and subsequent ratiometric, chemical signaling analysis. The FPGA provides real-time image processing hardware for observing adjustments of the microscope settings as the images are received, using real-time image registration and fusion algorithms displayed through a user interface. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Resat, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8388-5 PY 2004 BP 680 EP 683 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Neuroimaging; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBT20 UT WOS:000227671300171 ER PT B AU Feijoo, GR AF Feijoo, GR GP IEEE TI A new imaging method in diffraction tomography based on the topological derivative SO 2004 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID SCATTERING PROBLEMS; SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; RECONSTRUCTION AB The development and implementation of a new method in diffraction tomography, which is based on the optimization of a topology, is discussed. The method relies on the definition of a function, called the topological derivative, that has support in the image and at every point quantifies the sensitivity (or derivative) of the scattered field to the introduction of an infinitesimal scatterer at that point. If the scatterers are rigid, the expression for the topological derivative is calculated analytically. As a result, the proposed scheme is not iterative. Furthermore, no assumptions such as the Born or Rytov approximations are made. It is shown through several numerical experiments that the image produced by this function is capable of reconstructing both the position and the shape of scatterers in the domain with excellent agreement. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Feijoo, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8388-5 PY 2004 BP 780 EP 783 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Neuroimaging; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBT20 UT WOS:000227671300196 ER PT B AU Maltz, JS Budinger, TF AF Maltz, JS Budinger, TF GP IEEE TI Evaluation of arterial endothelial function using transit times of artificially induced pulses SO 2004 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID FLOW-MEDIATED DILATATION; HIGH-FAT MEAL; BRACHIAL-ARTERY; REPRODUCIBILITY; CHOLESTEROL; WAVES; RISK AB Arterial endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherosclerosis and correlates with cardiovascular disease risk factors. The most widely used non-invasive measure of endothelial function involves brachial artery (BA) diameter measurement using ultrasound imaging. The change in arterial diameter after reactive hyperemia is a measure of endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation (EMVR). High technical complexity and cost render this technique unsuitable for routine clinical use. To assess EMVR we induce artificial pulses at the superficial radial artery using a linear actuator. An ultrasonic flowmeter detects these pulses 10-30cm proximal to the point of induction. The delay between pulse application and detection provides the pulse transit time (PTT). By measuring PTT before and after BA occlusion and ensuing reactive hyperemia, EMVR can be quantified since smooth muscle relaxation increases PTT. This method is shown to provide 37% greater sensitivity (p < 0.05) to EMVR than BA diameter measurement in the eleven human subjects examined. C1 Ernest O Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maltz, JS (reprint author), Ernest O Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd 55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8388-5 PY 2004 BP 1525 EP 1528 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Neuroimaging; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBT20 UT WOS:000227671301122 ER PT B AU Timlin, JA Sinclair, MB Haaland, DM Martinez, MJ Manginell, M Brozik, SM Guzowski, JF Werner-Washburne, M AF Timlin, JA Sinclair, MB Haaland, DM Martinez, MJ Manginell, M Brozik, SM Guzowski, JF Werner-Washburne, M GP IEEE TI Hyperspectral imaging of biological targets: The difference a high resolution spectral dimension and multivariate analysis can make SO 2004 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID FLUORESCENCE AB Hyperspectral imaging coupled with multivariate data analysis is a powerful new tool for understanding complex biological and biomedical samples. The advantages and drawbacks of adding a spectral dimension and multivariate data analysis to optical microscopy for biological interrogation will be demonstrated with three applications-DNA microarrays, live cell imaging, and in-situ hybridization labeled tissue. These data are selected to present the type of impact hyperspectral imaging can have in biomedical science. Images are acquired using our state-of-the-art hyperspectral imaging system and multivariate data analysis is used to extract pure component spectra and corresponding independent concentration maps of all fluorescent species. In most cases the data analysis algorithms are successful with little or no information given a priori and generate images that are free of the influences of spectral crosstalk, cellular autofluorescence, and other background emissions that often plague traditional fluorescence microscopy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Timlin, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8388-5 PY 2004 BP 1529 EP 1532 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Neuroimaging; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBT20 UT WOS:000227671301123 ER PT S AU Johnson, KE Pao, LY Balas, MJ Kulkami, V Fingersh, LJ AF Johnson, KE Pao, LY Balas, MJ Kulkami, V Fingersh, LJ GP ieee TI Stability analysis of an adaptive torque controller for variable speed wind turbines SO 2004 43RD IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC), VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 14-17, 2004 CL BAHAMAS SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Honeywell, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, United Technol Res Ctr, XEROX ID SYSTEMS AB Variable speed wind turbines are designed to follow wind speed variations in low winds in order to maximize aerodynamic efficiency. Unfortunately, uncertainty in the aerodynandc parameters may lead to sub-optimal power capture in variable speed turbines. Adaptive generator torque control is one method of eliminating this sub-optimality; however, before adaptive control can become widely used in the wind industry, it must be proven to be safe. This paper analyzes the stablility of an adaptive torque control law and the gain adaptation law in use on the Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's National Wind Technology Center. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kathryn.e.johnson@colorado.edu; pao@colorado.edu; mbala.s@uwyo.edu; Vishwesh.Kulkarni@colorado.edu; lee_fingersh@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 0-7803-8682-5 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2004 BP 4087 EP 4094 DI 10.1109/CDC.2004.1429392 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BBO61 UT WOS:000226745603123 ER PT B AU Holt, JK Park, HG Noy, A Huser, T Eaglesham, D Bakajin, O AF Holt, JK Park, HG Noy, A Huser, T Eaglesham, D Bakajin, O GP IEEE TI Carbon nanotube-based membranes: A platform for studying nanofluidics SO 2004 4TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE DE carbon nanotubes; nanofluidics; membranes; microfabrication AB A membrane of multiwalled carbon nanotubes embedded in a silicon nitride matrix was fabricated for use in studying fluid mechanics on the nanometer scale. Characterization by fluorescent tracer diffusion and scanning electron microscopy suggests that the membrane is void-free near the silicon substrate on which it rests, implying that the hollow core of the nanotube is the only conduction path for molecular transport. Nitrogen flow measurements of a nanoporous silicon nitride membrane, fabricated by sacrificial removal of carbon, give a flow rate of 0.086 cc/sec. Calculations of water flow across a nanotube membrane give a rate of 2.1x10(-6) cc/sec (0.12 muL/min). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Holt, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Park, Hyung Gyu/F-3056-2013 OI Park, Hyung Gyu/0000-0001-8121-2344 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8536-5 PY 2004 BP 110 EP 112 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BBL92 UT WOS:000226085100036 ER PT B AU Grabovickic, R James, DR Sauers, I Ellis, AR Irwin, PC Weeber, K Li, L Gadre, AD AF Grabovickic, R James, DR Sauers, I Ellis, AR Irwin, PC Weeber, K Li, L Gadre, AD GP IEEE TI Partial discharge and accelerated pulsed aging of insulation between parallel plane-plane stainless steel electrodes and between Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O tapes at room temperature SO 2004 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL Boulder, CO SP NIST, IEEE ID MODELS AB Partial discharge (PD) and pulsed aging of CTFE thin films between two parallel plane-plane stainless steel electrodes and PTFE lapped tapes between two adjacent high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes made of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (BSCCO) were measured at room temperature. In PD experiments the PTFE and CTFE insulation of selected samples was exposed to a series of alternating current (AC) voltages of equal duration and increasing magnitude until PD was initiated and observed on the insulation condition monitor (ICM) digital PD system. The measured PD initiation voltage (PDIV) was comparable to the air Paschen curve value for each sample. Typical PD data are presented in the form of phase resolved PD (PRPD) pattern and three dimensional (3D) plot. In pulsed aging experiments the CTFE films and PTFE lapped tapes were caused to fail by a series of positive polarity high voltage (HV) pulses with the specified magnitude (above the PDIV), width, and repetition rate. The time-to-breakdown and the total number of pulses at a given aging voltage were measured by a timer and a digital pulse counter respectively. The aging data are presented in the form of a log-log plot of applied voltage versus time-to-breakdown to determine the n-values for the lifetime performance of CTFE thin films and PTFE lapped tapes when used in the above configurations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Grabovickic, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8584-5 PY 2004 BP 286 EP 289 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBF22 UT WOS:000225187200068 ER PT B AU Chow, WW Wieczorek, S Fischer, AJ Crawford, MH Allerman, AA Lee, SR AF Chow, WW Wieczorek, S Fischer, AJ Crawford, MH Allerman, AA Lee, SR BE Messe, K TI Reducing internal field effects with high aluminum AlGaN quantum wells SO 2004 IEEE 19TH INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 21-25, 2004 CL Matsue, JAPAN SP IEEE AB Transition from heavy hole to crystal-field-split hole ground state is found to significantly reduce internal-field effects on optical properties, which should improve laser performance. The effect comes from increasing aluminum concentration in AlGaN quantum wells. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8627-2 PY 2004 BP 89 EP 90 DI 10.1109/ISLC.2004.1382769 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBC60 UT WOS:000224835600043 ER PT B AU Chow, WW Huffaker, DL AF Chow, WW Huffaker, DL BE Messe, K TI Dephasing effects on laser gain shallow and deep semiconductor quantum dots SO 2004 IEEE 19TH INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 21-25, 2004 CL Matsue, JAPAN SP IEEE AB Effects of excitation-induced dephasing are investigated for semiconductor quantum-dot lasers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compund Semicond Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compund Semicond Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8627-2 PY 2004 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1109/ISLC.2004.1382770 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBC60 UT WOS:000224835600044 ER PT B AU Parks, RC Jung, RA Ramotowski, KO AF Parks, RC Jung, RA Ramotowski, KO GP ieee TI Attacking agent-based systems SO 2004 IEEE 1ST SYMPOSIUM ON MULTI-AGENT SECURITY & SURVIVABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium on Multi-Agent Security and Survivability CY AUG 30-31, 2004 CL Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE HO Drexel Univ DE intelligent agents; multiagent systems; network-level security and protection AB Agent-based systems add unique aspects to assessment activity and require the use of traditional tools and techniques in new or unconventional ways and the development of new, domain-customized tools. Agent-based system assessments must address the same issues as those of traditional systems: unsafe programming practices, such as failure to validate inputs or use of insecure libraries. Assessments of agent-based systems should also include "system-of-systems" concepts. Complex systems interact with and rely on other systems that may exist independently. A system-of-systems assessment identifies systems and their behaviors and considers ways that those behaviors can interact to harm the complex system. Attacks are then developed to cause the desired behavior. Agent-based systems are aware of and respond to their environment through adaptation and evolution. They require assessment through concepts normally reserved for humans. Just as adversaries cause humans to react in ways advantageous to the attacker, agent-based system assessors must cause agents to react. These assessments require "social engineering" of the agents just as simpler systems may require "social engineering" of users and administrators. This paper discusses the application of existing and new tools and techniques to agent system assessments including descriptions of actual and theoretical attacks. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Parks, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8799-6 PY 2004 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBM53 UT WOS:000226202500004 ER PT B AU Kent, CA Dowla, FU AF Kent, CA Dowla, FU GP ieee TI Position estimation of transceivers in communication networks SO 2004 IEEE 5TH WORKSHOP ON SIGNAL PROCESSING ADVANCES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications CY JUL 11-14, 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE AB With rapid developments in wireless sensor networks, there is a growing need for transceiver position estimation independent of GPS, which may not be available in indoor networks. Our approach is to use range estimates from time-of-flight (TOF) measurements, a technique well suited to large bandwidth physical links, such as in ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. In our UWB systems, pulse duration less than 200 psecs can easily be resolved to less than a foot. Assuming an encoded UWB physical layer, we first test positioning accuracy using simulations. We are interested in sensitivity to range errors and the required number of ranging nodes, and we show that in a high-precision environment, such as UWB, the optimal number of transmitters is four. Four transmitters with +/-20ft. range error can locate a receiver to within one or two feet. We then implement these algorithms on an 802.11 wireless network and demonstrate the ability to locate a network access point to approximately 20 feet. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kent, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-229, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8337-0 PY 2004 BP 561 EP 565 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BBO81 UT WOS:000226768600116 ER PT S AU Stappaerts, E Baker, K Gavel, D Wilks, S Olivier, S Brase, J AF Stappaerts, E Baker, K Gavel, D Wilks, S Olivier, S Brase, J GP ieee TI Coherent communications, imaging and targeting SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB Laboratory and field demonstration results obtained as part of the DARPA-sponsored Coherent Communications, Imaging and Targeting (CCIT) program are reviewed. The CCIT concept uses a Phase Conjugation Engine based on a quadrature receiver array, a hologram processor and a spatial light modulator (SLM) for highspeed, digital beam control. Progress on the enabling MEMS SLM, being developed by a consortium consisting of LLNL, academic institutions and small businesses, is presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Stappaerts, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 1105 EP 1116 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000107 ER PT S AU Kisner, R Britton, CL Jagadish, U Wilgen, JB Roberts, M Blalock, TV Holcomb, D Bobrek, M Ericson, MN AF Kisner, R Britton, CL Jagadish, U Wilgen, JB Roberts, M Blalock, TV Holcomb, D Bobrek, M Ericson, MN GP ieee TI Johnson noise thermometry for harsh environments SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The technology of temperature measurement appears to some to be a mature field. However, to many, requirements for improved performance and reliability are a driver for continual scientific and technology advancement. Although Johnson noise has been proposed as a thermometry method for several decades, it is only recently that digital and analog electronics have made it possible to economically fabricate measurement systems based on Johnson noise. Johnson noise, which is a result of fundamental physics, is caused by the random thermal motions of electrons in all conductors. Its fundamental nature allows us to construct temperature measurement systems that do not require periodic calibration. Thus long, unattended operating intervals are feasible. Several unique implementations of Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) are possible. One permits temperature measurement without contacting the measured surface - inductive JNT. Another implementation measures the Johnson noise of a resistance element in contact with the measured surface - conductive JNT. The resistive element in conductive JNT can be an RTD. Apparatus have been recently fabricated demonstrating the practicality of both JNT implementations. A demonstration of conductive JNT is planned at a nuclear facility within two years. We will present new hardware implementations that allow real-time calibration of the signals that have the potential of allowing a fully-integrated, physically small and robust system to be achieved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kisner, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Holcomb, David/0000-0001-8263-4661 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2586 EP 2596 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000263 ER PT S AU Ericson, MN Bobrek, M Bobrek, A Britton, CL Rochelle, JM Blalock, BJ Schultz, RL AF Ericson, MN Bobrek, M Bobrek, A Britton, CL Rochelle, JM Blalock, BJ Schultz, RL GP ieee TI A high resolution, extended temperature sigma delta ADC in 3.3V 0.5 mu m SOS-CMOS SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE ID MODULATOR AB A SigmaDelta modulator designed specifically for extended temperature applications is reported. The design is fabricated in a 3.3-V 0.5mum SOS-CMOS process and incorporates a 2-2 cascade architecture allowing operation as either a 2nd or 4th -order modulator. Experimental data for both modulator configurations are presented including dynamic range (or effective resolution), signal-to-noise ratio and total harmonic distortion over a temperature range of 25degreesC to 225degreesC. The design obtains an effective resolution of similar to16 bits at 250degreesC and similar to12 bits at 225degreesC, both at a digital output rate of 2KS/s. Specific design details associated with high temperature operation are discussed including architectural issues, device sizing, and modulator noise. In addition, a digital decimation filter designed for use with the modulator and implemented in both software and in a field programmable gate array is summarized. This paper reports the first 4th -order SigmaDelta modulator fabricated in an SOI/SOS process and demonstrates the feasibility of high resolution data conversion at elevated temperatures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ericson, MN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2608 EP 2617 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000265 ER PT B AU Sofia, HJ Corrigan, AL Klicker, KR Chin, G Stephan, EG AF Sofia, HJ Corrigan, AL Klicker, KR Chin, G Stephan, EG GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Exploring genomic context patterns for Rhodobacter sphaerides in the HERBE knowledge discovery environment SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE ID PATHWAYS AB Sophisticated information strategies are increasingly essential for biologists. We have built a powerful knowledge discovery resource using novel genomic context methods, interactive visualization strategies, and computational environment technologies. The Heuristic Entity Relationship Building Environment (HERBE) is a research platform for advanced database technologies that fuses data management solutions with knowledge management components to support the dynamic capture of concepts and observations as biologists explore large-scale data. The Similarity Box visualization software supports the ability of biologists to interact with large-scale computational results and evaluate relationships based on natural reasoning processes. We have applied these knowledge methods in the exploration of complex microbial genome relationships. We extracted a complete set of gene neighbor patterns for Rhodobacter sphaeroides using HERBE to map data structures for chromosomal contiguity against sequence similarity. We then organized these gene neighbor patterns by their phylogenetic profiles using Similarity Box to enable biologists to explore the results. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sofia, HJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battele Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 462 EP 463 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800048 ER PT B AU Gorin, A Day, RM Borziak, A Strader, MB Hurst, GB Fridman, T AF Gorin, A Day, RM Borziak, A Strader, MB Hurst, GB Fridman, T GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Probability profile method - New approach to data analysis in tandem mass spectrometry SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE DATABASES; SPECTRAL DATA; PEPTIDES AB Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the leading proteomics technologies, applicable to a wide range of experiments involving composition analysis of protein mixtures. Currently only similar to10-20% of MS/MS spectral data lead to the successful peptide identifications, and the rate of false positives remains to be high. We propose Probability Profile Method (PPM) as a new route for the development of MS/MS data analysis algorithms. The principal idea can be described as a probabilistic "labeling" of the individual peaks, or as a detailed analysis of the spectra leading to peak separation into specific categories (b-ion, y-ion, double charged b-ion, etc). PPM "assignments", conducted on large and diverse data sets (similar to60,000 spectra), indicate that a large majority of MS/MS peaks can be identified with a surprising level of confidence, providing the foundation for a range of novel algorithmic approaches: spectra can be edited by selecting desirable peak categories; overall characteristics Of MS/MS spectra, such as parent ion charge or total number of the present ions, can be rapidly estimated with a high precision; labeled peaks of the same category (e.g. b-ions) can be efficiently connected into de novo tag peptides. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Gorin, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800063 ER PT B AU Day, RM Borziak, A Gorin, A AF Day, RM Borziak, A Gorin, A GP IEEE Comp Soc TI PPM-chain - De novo peptide identification program comparable in performance to sequest SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE; SOFTWARE AB Recently, we introduced Probability Profile Method (PPM), which utilizes neutral-loss neighborhoods around each peak in MS/MS spectrum to "label" it: to assign a probability that the peak in question belongs to one of the specific categories (such as b- or y-ion peaks). Here we present the PPM-chain program - a PPM-based tool for de novo protein tag identification. De novo peptide identification involves finding a connected sequence of ion peaks separated by amino acid mass intervals, corresponding to a tag - partial peptide of the source protein. In the existing approaches the number of the possible connected sequences may run into hundreds of thousands, and it increases exponentially with the desired length of the tag. PPM can be used to locate high probability islands, containing very pure sets of b- and y-ion peaks, thereby reducing computational complexity and sharply increasing precision of tagging. In addition, the obtained tags can be reliably ranked using PPM-derived probabilities assigned to the connected peaks. The value of peptide tags was demonstrated on a large database of similar to20,000 spectra. With the additional flanking mass constraints PPM-chain shows precision and coverage similar to the field industrial-power standard - Sequest program, while providing a set of novel unique capabilities and significantly outperforming Sequest in speed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Day, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Computat Biol Inst, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 505 EP 508 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800065 ER PT B AU Meraz, RF He, XF Ding, CHQ Holbrook, SR AF Meraz, RF He, XF Ding, CHQ Holbrook, SR GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Positive sample only learning (PSOL) for predicting RNA genes in E-coli SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE ID SEQUENCES AB RNA genes lack most of the signals used for protein gene identification. A major shortcoming of previous discriminative methods to distinguish functional RNA (fRNA) genes from other non-coding genomic sequences is that only positive examples of fRNAs are known; there are no confirmed negatives - only intergenic sequences that may be positive or negative. To address this problem we developed the "Positive Sample Only Learning" (PSOL) method This method can identify the most likely negative examples from an unlabeled set and is therefore able to distinguish putative functional RNA genes from other non-coding sequence. We compare RNA gene predictions using the PSOL method with previous large-scale analyses of the E. coli K12 genome. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meraz, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 535 EP 538 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800076 ER PT B AU Martin, S Davidson, G May, E Faulon, JL Werner-Washburne, M AF Martin, S Davidson, G May, E Faulon, JL Werner-Washburne, M GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Inferring genetic networks from microarray data SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE ID BAYESIAN NETWORKS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS AB In theory, it should be possible to infer realistic genetic networks from time series microarray data. In practice, however, network discovery has proved problematic. The three major challenges are 1) inferring the network, 2) estimating the stability of the inferred network, and 3) making the network visually accessible to the user Here we describe a method, tested on publicly available time series microarray data, which addresses these concerns. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-0301, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 566 EP 569 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800086 ER PT B AU Faulon, JL Martin, S Carr, RD AF Faulon, JL Martin, S Carr, RD GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Dynamical robustness in gene regulatory networks SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE AB We investigate the robustness of biological networks, emphasizing gene regulatory networks. We define the robustness of a dynamical network as the magnitude of perturbation in terms of rates and concentrations that will not change the steady state dynamics of the network. We find the number of dynamical networks versus their dynamical robustness follows a power law. We observe module robustness to increase with node degree in published gene regulatory network. Finally, based on dynamical robustness, we propose a growth model for producing networks with power law degree distributions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Faulon, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 626 EP 627 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800109 ER PT B AU Lee, LQ Varner, J Ko, K AF Lee, LQ Varner, J Ko, K GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Parallel extreme pathway computation for metabolic networks SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE ID ERA AB We parallelized the serial extreme pathways algorithm presented by Schilling et al., in J. Theor. Biol. 203 (2000) using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The parallel algorithm exhibits super-linear scalability because the number of independence tests performed decreases as the number of MPI nodes increases. A subsystem of the metabolic network of Escherichia coli with 140 reactions and 96 metabolites (without preprocessing) is used as a benchmark. The extreme pathways of this system are computed in under 280 seconds using 70 2.4 GHz Intel Pentium-IV CPUs with Myrinet interconnection among the dual-CPU nodes of the Linux cluster. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Lee, LQ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 636 EP 639 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800114 ER PT B AU Yo, GX Park, BH Chandramohan, P Geist, A Samatova, NF AF Yo, GX Park, BH Chandramohan, P Geist, A Samatova, NF GP IEEE Comp Soc TI In-silico prediction of surface residue clusters for enzyme-substrate specificity SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE ID BINDING SURFACES AB One of the most remarkable properties of enzyme-substrate binding is the high substrate specificity among homologous enzymes. Identification of regions in enzymes that play an important role in substrate recognition presents an opportunity to understand their basic molecular mechanisms. Current methods are limited to identifying conserved residues, ignoring potential contributions of non-conserved residues. Our method overcomes this limitation. In case studies, we investigated several highly homologous enzymatic protein pairs such as guanylyl vs. adenylyl cyclases and lactate vs. malate dehydrogenases, and applied our method on plant and cyano-bacterial RuBisCos. We identified several critical mono-residue and multiresidue clusters that were consistent with experimental results. Some of the identified clusters, primarily the mono-residue ones, represent residues that are directly involved in enzyme-substrate interactions. Others, mostly the multi-residue ones, represent residues vital for domain-domain and regulator-enzyme interactions, indicating their complementary roles in specificity determination. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yo, GX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 696 EP 697 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800136 ER PT B AU Ding, CHQ Meraz, RF He, XF Holbrook, SR AF Ding, CHQ Meraz, RF He, XF Holbrook, SR GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Contraction graphs for representation and analysis of RNA secondary structure SO 2004 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOINFORMATICS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (CSB 2004) CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Hewlett-Packard Co, Coop Platinum, BioMed Cent, Off Sci, US DOE ID DATABASE AB We introduce the contraction graph as a novel graphical representation of RNA secondary structure. A contraction operation - defined along base pars, single stranded regions, and tertiary interactions - allows for representing RNA secondary structure at different levels of detail. Directionality of the graph and flow conservation of the contraction operation allow for explicit representation of the 5' and 3' ends of the molecule. Furthermore, existing representations such as tree and dual graphs are specific instances in this framework. We anticipate that this unified representation will facilitate automated motif finding and functional classification based on direct searches and comparisons of RNA secondary structure topology. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ding, CHQ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2194-0 PY 2004 BP 716 EP 717 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Genetics & Heredity GA BAX76 UT WOS:000224127800145 ER PT B AU Lee, J Ma, XS Ross, R Thakur, R Winslett, M AF Lee, J Ma, XS Ross, R Thakur, R Winslett, M GP ieee TI RFS: Efficient and flexible remote file access for MPI-IO SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC AB Scientific applications often need to access remote file systems. Because of slow networks and large data size, however, remote I/O can become an even more serious perk formance bottleneck than. local I/O performance. In this work,, we present RFS, a high-performance remote I/O facility for ROMIO, which is a well-known MPI-IO implementation. Our simple, portable, and flexible design eliminates the shortcomings of previous remote I/O efforts. In particular RFS improves the remote I/O performance by adopting active buffering with threads (ABT), which hides I/O cost by aggressively buffering the output data using available memory and performing background I/O using threads while computation is taking place. Our experimental results show that RFS with ABT can significantly reduce the remote I/O visible cost, achieving lip to 92 % of the theoretical peak throughput. The computation slowdown caused by concurrent I/O activities was 0.2-6.2 %, which is dwarfed by the overall performance improvement in application turnaround the. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 71 EP 81 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600008 ER PT B AU Brightwell, R Doerfler, D Underwood, KD AF Brightwell, R Doerfler, D Underwood, KD GP ieee TI A comparison of 4X InfiniBand and quadrics Elan-4 technolooies SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC AB Quadrics Elan-4 and 4X InfiniBand have comparable performance in terms of peak bandwidth and ping-pong latency. In contrast the two network architectures differ dramatically in details ranging from signaling technologies to programming interface design to software stacks. Both networks compete in the high performance computing marketplace, and InfiniBand is currently receiving a significant amount of attention, due mostly to its potential cost/performance advantage. This paper compares 4X InfiniBand and Quadrics Elan-4 on identical compute hardware using application benchmarks of importance to the DOE community. We use scaling efficiency, as the main perk formance metric, and we also provide a cost analysis for different network configurations. Although our 32-node test platform is relatively small, some scaling issues arc, evident. In general, the Quadrics hardware scales slightly better on. most of the applications tested. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392617 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600020 ER PT B AU Stearley, J AF Stearley, J GP ieee TI Towards Informatic analysis of syslogs SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC AB The complexity and cost of isolating the root cause of system problems in large parallel computers generally scales with the size of the system. Syslog messages provide a primary source of system feedback, but manual review is tedious and error prone. Informatic analysis can be used to detect subtle anomalies in the syslog message stream. thereby increasing the availability of the overall system. In this paper I describe the novel use of the bioinformatic-inspired Teiresias algorithm to automatically classify syslog messages, and compare it to an existing log analysis tool (SLCT). I then describe the use of occurrence statistics to group time-correlated messages, and present a simple graphical user interface for viewing analysis results. Finally, example analyses of syslogs from three independent clusters are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stearley, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392628 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600031 ER PT B AU Desai, N Bradshaw, R Lusk, E Butler, R AF Desai, N Bradshaw, R Lusk, E Butler, R GP ieee TI Component-based cluster systems software architecture: A case study SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC AB We describe the use of component architecture in an. area to which this approach has not been classically applied, the area of cluster system software. By "cluster system, software, " we mean the collection of programs used in configaring and maintaining individual nodes,, together with, the software involved in, submission. scheduling, monitoring, and termination of jobs. We describe how the component approach maps onto the cluster systems software problem, together with our experiences with the approach in implementing an all-new suite of systems software for a medium-sized cluster with unusually complex systems software requirements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392629 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600032 ER PT B AU Kleban, SD Clearwater, SH AF Kleban, SD Clearwater, SH GP ieee TI Computation-at-risk: Employing the grid for computational risk management SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC AB This paper expands upon our earlier work involving the concept of Computation-at-Risk (CaR). In particular, CaR refers to the risk that certain computations may not get done within a timely manner. In this paper we examine a number of CaR distributions on several large clusters. The important contribution of this paper is that it shows that there exist CaR-reducing strategies and by employing such strategies, a facility can significantly reduce the risk of inefficient resource utilization. Grids are shown to be one means for employing a CaR-reducing strategy. For example, we show that a CaRreducing strategy applied to a common queue can have a dramatic effect on the wait times fir jobs on a grid of clusters. In particular, we defined a CaR Sharpe ride that provides a decision rule fir determining the best machine in a grid to place a new job. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kleban, SD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392633 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600035 ER PT B AU Baranovski, A Garzoglio, G Terekhov, I Roy, A Tannenbaum, T AF Baranovski, A Garzoglio, G Terekhov, I Roy, A Tannenbaum, T GP ieee TI Management of grid jobs and data within SAMGrid SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC DE SAMGrid; Condor-G; SAM; DO; grid computing; planning; middleware; data management; scheduling; data intensive computing AB When designing SAMGrid, a project for distributing high-energy physics computations on. a grid, we discovered that it was challenging to decide where to place user's jobs. Jobs typically need to access hundreds of files, and each site has a different subset of the files. Our data system SAM knows what portion of a user's data may be at each site, but does not know how to submit grid jobs. Our job submission system Condor-G knows how to submit grid jobs, but originally it required users to choose grid sites and gave them no assistance in choosing. This paper describes how we enhanced Condor G to interact with SAM to make good decisions about where jobs should be executed, and thereby improve the performance of grid jobs that access large amounts of data. All these enhancements are general enough to be applicable to grid computing beyond the data-intensive computing with SAMGrid. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392634 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600036 ER PT B AU Sottile, M Minnich, R AF Sottile, M Minnich, R GP ieee TI Analysis of microbenchmarks for performance tuning of clusters SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC AB Microbenchmarks, i.e. very small computational kernels, have become commonly used for quantitative measures of node performance in clusters. For example, a commonly used benchmark measures the amount of time required to perform a fixed quantum of work. Unfortunately, this benchmark is one of many that violate well known rules from sampling theory, leading to erroneous, contradictory or misleading results. At a minimum, these types of benchmarks can not be used to identify time-based activities that may interfere with and hence limit application performance. Our original and primary goal remains to identify noise in the system due to periodic activities that are not part of user application code. In this paper, we discuss why the 'fixed quantum of work' benchmark provides data that is of limited use for analysis; and we show code for, discuss, and analyze results from a microbenchmark which follows good rules of sampling hygiene, and hence provides useful data for analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sottile, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, MS-B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392636 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600038 ER PT B AU Mooney, R Studham, RS Schmidt, KP Nieplocha, J AF Mooney, R Studham, RS Schmidt, KP Nieplocha, J GP ieee TI NWPerf: A system wide performance monitoring tool for large Linux clusters SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC AB We present NWPerf a new system for analyzing fine granularity performance metric data on large-scale supercomputing clusters. This tool is able to measure application efficiency on. a system vide basis from both a global system perspective as well as providing a detailed view of individual applications. NWPerf provides this service while minimizing the impact on the performance of user applications. We describe the type of information that can be derived from the system, and demonstrate how the system was used detect and eliminate a performance problem in an application application that improved performance bY up to several thousand percent. The NWPerf architecture has proven to be a stable and scalable platform for gathering performance data on a large 1954-CPU production Linux cluster at PNNL. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ryan.mooney@pnl.gov; scott.studham@pnl.gov; kenneth.schmidt@pnl.gov; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392637 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600039 ER PT B AU Minnich, RG AF Minnich, RG GP ieee TI Give your bootstrap the boot: Using the operating system to boot the operating system SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC AB One of the slowest and most annoying aspects of System management is the simple act of rebooting the system. The syssadmin starts from a known state -- the OS is running -- and hands the computer over to an untrustworthy piece of software. With enough nodes involved, there is a certain chance that the process will fail on one of them. Bootstrapping is well named -- it takes the system down to a low level. fro which return is uncertain. It would be much better if we could use the known, trusted OS software to manage the boot process. The OS can apply all its power to the problem of locating, verifying and loading a new OS image. Error checking and feedback can be far more robust. In this paper we discuss five systems for Linux and Plan 9 that allow the OS to boot the OS. These systems allow for the complete elimination of old-fashioned bootstrap. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Minnich, RG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392643 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600045 ER PT B AU Weaver, R Gittings, M Pritchett, L Scovel, C AF Weaver, R Gittings, M Pritchett, L Scovel, C GP ieee TI The Los Alamos crestone project: Cluster computing applications SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Weaver, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND BN 0-7803-8694-9 PY 2004 BP 496 EP 496 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392661 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBH75 UT WOS:000225570600063 ER PT S AU Love, LJ Jansen, JF Pin, FG AF Love, LJ Jansen, JF Pin, FG GP IEEE TI On the modeling of robots operating on ships SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE DE ship motion; modelling; dynamics AB The decrease in manpower and increase in material handling needs on many Naval vessels provides the motivation to explore the modeling and control of Naval robotic and robotic assistive devices. This paper presents a simple methodology to symbolically compute the dynamic equations of motion of a serial link manipulation system operating on the moving deck of a ship. First we provide background information that quantifies the motion of the ship, both in terms of frequency and amplitude. We then formulate the motion of the ship in terms of homogeneous transforms. Likewise, the kinematics of a manipulator is considered as a serial extension of the ship motion. We then show how to use these transforms to formulate the kinetic and potential energy of the arm moving on a ship. As a demonstration, we consider two examples: a one degree-of-freedom system experiencing three sea states operating in a plane to verify the methodology and a 3 degree of freedom system experiencing all six degrees of ship motion to illustrate the ease of computation and complexity of the solution. We provide a preliminary comparison between conventional linear control and repetitive learning control (RLC) and show how fixed time delay RLC breaks down due to the varying wave disturbance frequency. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lovelj@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 2436 EP 2443 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1307426 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800393 ER PT S AU Park, YS Kang, H Ewing, TF Faulring, EL Colgate, JE Peshkin, MA AF Park, YS Kang, H Ewing, TF Faulring, EL Colgate, JE Peshkin, MA GP IEEE TI Enhanced teleoperation for D&D SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE DE teleoperation; teleautonomy; telecollaboration; D&D; recative behaviors; virtual fixture AB Remote systems will be essential for reducing risk to human workers from hazardous radiation and difficult work environments, while improving productivity and reducing costs. The major drawback of currently available remote manipulator system is that teleoperation is slow and imprecise. The presented work focuses on enhancing remote operation of tools for D&D tasks by introducing teleautonomy and telecollaboration. In teleautonomy, the robot performs a given task autonomously, while human operator intervenes the process as a supervisor. In telecollaboration, the human operator is passively constrained by a virtual fixture, but is responsible for the motion. This work, sponsored by US Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management Science Program (EMSP), builds on, a reactive, agent-based control architecture and cobot control technology. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Colgate, James/B-7589-2009; Peshkin, Michael/B-7604-2009; Ewing, Thomas/G-5396-2014 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 3702 EP 3707 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1308836 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800595 ER PT S AU Jansen, J Lind, R Love, L Chesser, J AF Jansen, J Lind, R Love, L Chesser, J GP IEEE TI Modeling and testing of a novel piezoelectric pump SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE AB While there is a wide range of actuation technologies, none currently rivals the overall performance (power density, bandwidth, stress, stroke) of conventional hydraulic actuation [1]. It is well known in the actuation community that the power-to-weight ratios and the power-to-volume ratios of hydraulic actuators are, respectively, around 5 times and 10 to 20 times larger than comparable electric motors. Due to fundamental limitations in the magnetic flux density in the supporting structures and limitations in the heat transfer out of electric actuators, significant changes in these ratios are not likely in the near future [2]. Thermal limitations associated with electric motors do not apply to hydraulic actuators since the hydraulic fluid cools and lubricates the system. However, with all of these virtues, hydraulic actuators have serious practical implementation problems. Typically, servo-based hydraulic actuators are leaky and have generally poor energy efficiencies. This work addresses a new type of electric actuator that combines the best of both the electric and hydraulic mediums. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jansen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6305, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 5238 EP 5243 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1302549 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800844 ER PT S AU Chin, G Stephan, EG Gracio, DK AF Chin, G Stephan, EG Gracio, DK GP IEEE TI Computing through scientific abstractions in SysBioPSE SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL The Hague, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE DE problem solving environments; scientific computing environments; scientific abstractions; scientific workflow; data provenance; scientific knowledge management AB At Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, we are researching and developing scientific computing environments for biologists and bioinformaticists. Important issues for us are how to motivate biologists to use new computational technologies and how to best incorporate and integrate disparate computational resources into computational biology research. In recent efforts, we have focused on the development of tools that support specific scientific abstractions or models that may be used as cognitive computational frameworks for biologists. The specific tools allow biologists to view and organize their computational work along the scientific concepts and theories that are under investigation, the experimental processes that are being carried out, and the logical structures and properties of the scientfic data being examined and explored. This collection of tools and their underlying framework comprise a system known as SysBioPSE (System Biology Problem Solving Environment). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Syst Div, Richland, WA USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Syst Div, Richland, WA USA. EM George.Chin@pnl.gov; Eric.Stephan@pnl.gov; Debbie.Gracio@pnl.gov OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-8566-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2004 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BBP32 UT WOS:000226863300013 ER PT S AU Bruemmer, DJ Boring, RL Few, DA Marble, JL Walton, MC AF Bruemmer, DJ Boring, RL Few, DA Marble, JL Walton, MC GP IEEE TI "I call shotgun!": An evaluation of mixed-initiative control for novice users of a search and rescue robot SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL The Hague, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE DE human-robot interaction; usability evaluation; novice performance; urban search and rescue AB The quality of human-robot interaction trails other advances in robotics and may prove to be a limiting factor when deploying remote, mobile robots for critical applications. One reason is that most autonomous robot behaviors are not robust and often degrade in unstructured environments. Another reason is that the design of human-robot interaction (HPI) and interfaces fails to follow basic usability principles or be informed by basic concepts of human-computer interaction. To address both these challenges, we have used a development cycle of iterative usability testing and redesign to hone both our interface and the robot behaviors that support it. The present paper presents results from a wide swathe of over 100 novices who used the resulting system to accomplish a real-world search and detection task. The current interface proved to be highly usable by novices, regardless of age or gender. The study demonstrates the utility of effective robot autonomy and examines the benefits of mixed-initiative control. In particular, the study compares the performance achieved when the robot takes initiative to support human driving versus the case where the human takes initiative to support autonomous robot driving. Results indicate that performance is better when the robot is in the driver's seat. Optimal performance was achieved when the operator focuses on the search and rescue task and provides only intermittent direction to the robot. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Human Robot & Remote Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Bruemmer, DJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Human Robot & Remote Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-8566-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2004 BP 2847 EP 2852 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BBP32 UT WOS:000226863300477 ER PT S AU Chin, G Kuchar, OA Whitney, PD Powers, ME Johnson, KE AF Chin, G Kuchar, OA Whitney, PD Powers, ME Johnson, KE GP IEEE TI Graph-based comparisons of scenarios in intelligence analysis SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL The Hague, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE DE scenarios; intelligence analysis; data signatures; ontologies; case-based reasoning; graph matching; link analysis; analytical models; analytical context AB Intelligence analysis relies heavily on extracting relevant information from history and using this information as models and context for interpreting evolving situations. Yet, intelligence analysts are severely limited in their capacity to identify and recall relevant past situations and cases, and the analyses that were performed on them. The typical intelligence case is a folder of disjoint memos, reports, photographs, and audio recordings. It may also contain analysis summaries captured in report form that highlight key results and findings from analyses. Unfortunately, the details of the analyses that could provide rich, contextual sources of comparison are commonly not captured nor saved for future reuse. The goal of the Scenario and Knowledge Framework for Intelligence Analysis project at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is to develop an effective, computable representation for capturing intelligence analyses in their full contexts and an analytical framework from which these analysis representations may be explored and compared. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Chin, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-8566-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2004 BP 3175 EP 3180 DI 10.1109/ICSMC.2004.1400828 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BBP32 UT WOS:000226863300533 ER PT S AU Barhen, S Protopopescu, V Wells, J Imam, N Barhen, J AF Barhen, S Protopopescu, V Wells, J Imam, N Barhen, J GP ieee TI Emergence of computational chaos in asynchronous neurocomputing SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Hungarian Acad Sci, Comp & Automat Res Inst, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Republic Hungary, Natl Commun & Informat Council DE asynchronous computing; computational chaos; neural networks; Lyapunov spectrum ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; MODEL AB One of the most important features of artificial neural networks in emerging, brain-inspired, nanoarchitectural design is their inherent ability to perform massively parallel, nonlinear signal processing. When operating in a system-wide asynchronous regime, such networks may exhibit a phenomenon referred to as "computational chaos", which impedes the efficient retrieval of information usually stored in the system's attractors. In this paper, we illustrate the emergence of computational chaos from fixed point and limit cycle attractors for node communication delays in a widely used neural network model. In particular, the complete Lyapunov spectrum associated with the network dynamics is computed, and conditions that prevent the emergence of chaos are derived. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barhen, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-8359-1 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2004 BP 1971 EP 1976 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BBC97 UT WOS:000224941900341 ER PT B AU Al-Ali, R von Laszewski, G Amin, K Hategan, M Rana, O Walker, D Zaluzec, N AF Al-Ali, R von Laszewski, G Amin, K Hategan, M Rana, O Walker, D Zaluzec, N GP IEEE TI QoS support for high-performance scientific Grid applications SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID - CCGRID 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCG 2004) CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, ACM AB The Grid approach provides the ability to access and use distributed resources as part of virtual organizations. The emerging Grid infrastructure gives rise to a class of scientific applications and services to support collaborative and distributed resource-sharing requirements as part of teleimmersion, visualization, and simulation services. Because such applications operate in a collaborative mode, data must be stored and delivered in timely manner to meet deadlines. Hence, this class of applications has stringent real-time constraints and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. A QoS management approach is required to orchestrate and guarantee the interaction between such applications and services. In this paper we discuss the design and prototype implementation of a QoS system and show how we enable Grid applications to become QoS compliant. We validate this approach through a case study of nanomaterials. Our approach, enhances the current Open Grid Services Architecture. We demonstrate the usefulness of the approach on a nano'materials application. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rana, Omer/B-5065-2010; Walker, David/B-7978-2010; von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012; OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X; Walker, David/0000-0002-1360-6330 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8430-X PY 2004 BP 134 EP 143 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAN02 UT WOS:000222915200018 ER PT B AU Kleban, SD Johnston, JR Ang, JA Clearwater, SH AF Kleban, SD Johnston, JR Ang, JA Clearwater, SH GP IEEE TI With great reliability comes great responsibility: Tradeoffs of run-time policy on high reliability systems SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID - CCGRID 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCG 2004) CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, ACM ID CHECKPOINTS AB In this paper we describe a simulation study to improve performance on a large highly utilized cluster at Sandia National Laboratories. The unique characteristic about the cluster is that there are very few constraints on job size. In particular, the run-time is limited only by system times which occur about every two weeks. The major contribution of this paper is that we quantify the difference in makespan between running a single long job and its equivalent in many shorter jobs. We find that running longer jobs is beneficial to the facility as a whole when the cycle-weighted makespans are considered and that running shorter jobs has an overall beneficial effect on the makespan for the jobs taken unweighted and for most users. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kleban, SD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8430-X PY 2004 BP 547 EP 554 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAN02 UT WOS:000222915200071 ER PT S AU Wieczorek, S Fischer, AJ Lee, SR Allerman, AA Crawford, MH Chow, WW AF Wieczorek, S Fischer, AJ Lee, SR Allerman, AA Crawford, MH Chow, WW GP ieee TI Improving optical performance of AlGaN quantum wells SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wieczorek, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900011 ER PT S AU Serkland, DK Geib, KM Hadley, GR Peake, GM AF Serkland, DK Geib, KM Hadley, GR Peake, GM GP ieee TI Leaky-mode coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers fabricated using a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID EFFECTIVE-INDEX MODEL; ARRAYS AB We demonstrate leaky-mode coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) fabricated using a deposited dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) rather than epitaxial regrowth. The emission spectra below and above threshold are compared to a model in order to determine the effective index step. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serkland, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 324 EP 325 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900161 ER PT S AU Hsu, AY Cich, MJ Vawter, GA Peake, GM Alford, C AF Hsu, AY Cich, MJ Vawter, GA Peake, GM Alford, C GP ieee TI Novel fabrication of 3-D microstructures by volume oxidation of AlGaAs SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID LASERS AB A novel method for fabricating AlGaAs microstructures is investigated. The process consists of a thermal volume oxidation of AlGaAs/GaAs epitaxy and selective etching of the resulting aluminum oxide. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hsu, AY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 366 EP 367 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900182 ER PT S AU Wieczorek, S Chow, WW AF Wieczorek, S Chow, WW GP ieee TI Mutually induced chaos in practically-isolated semiconductor lasers SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID COUPLED LASERS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wieczorek, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 384 EP 385 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900191 ER PT S AU Klimov, VI AF Klimov, VI GP ieee TI Ultrafast photophysics of multiexcitons in strongly confined semiconductor nanocrystals SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID QUANTUM DOTS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Softmatter Nanotechnol & Adv Spect Team, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Softmatter Nanotechnol & Adv Spect Team, Div Chem, C-PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 447 EP 448 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900223 ER PT S AU Hernandez, VJ Mendez, AJ Bennett, CV Lennon, WJ AF Hernandez, VJ Mendez, AJ Bennett, CV Lennon, WJ GP ieee TI Bit-error-rate performance of a gigabit ethernet O-CDMA technology demonstrator (TD) SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE AB An O-CDMA TD based on 2-D (wavelength/time) codes is described, with bit-error-rate (BER) and eye-diagram measurements given for eight users. Simulations indicate that the TD can support 32 asynchronous users. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hernandez, VJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-229, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Hernandez, Vincent/C-2522-2009; Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 499 EP 500 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900248 ER PT S AU Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM AF Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM GP ieee TI In-situ OTDR measurements for single-mode optical networks with a standard VCSEL SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE AB We propose and experimentally demonstrate in-situ OTDR fault location using a conventional 850-nm VCSEL. The laser functions as both emitter and resonant-cavity photodiode receiver, enabling simplified monitoring of low-cost fiber networks. Theoretical detection limits are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keeler, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 681 EP 682 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900339 ER PT S AU Guo, JP Shaw, MJ Vawter, GA Esherick, P Hadley, GR Sullivan, CT AF Guo, JP Shaw, MJ Vawter, GA Esherick, P Hadley, GR Sullivan, CT GP ieee TI High-Q integrated on-chip micro-ring resonator SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID MICROSPHERE RESONATORS; MICROCAVITY AB We report a fully integrated high-Q factor micro-ring resonator using silicon nitride/dioxide on a silicon wafer. The micro-ring resonator is critically coupled to a low loss straight waveguide. An intrinsic quality factor of 2.4x 10(5) has been measured. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Guo, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 745 EP 746 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900370 ER PT S AU Vo-Dinh, T AF Vo-Dinh, T GP ieee TI Medical biophotonics: From lasers to biochips SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 961 EP 962 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900480 ER PT S AU Omenetto, FG AF Omenetto, FG GP ieee TI Nonlinear optics and photonic crystals for ultrafast optical processing SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID FIBERS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Omenetto, FG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, P-23,MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 991 EP 992 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900495 ER PT S AU Uplegger, L Appel, JA Artuso, M Cardoso, G Cease, HP Chiodini, G Christian, DC Cinabro, DA Coluccia, R Kwan, S Magni, S Menasce, D Newsom, C Papavassiliou, V Schreiner, A Turqueti, MA Wang, J AF Uplegger, L Appel, JA Artuso, M Cardoso, G Cease, HP Chiodini, G Christian, DC Cinabro, DA Coluccia, R Kwan, S Magni, S Menasce, D Newsom, C Papavassiliou, V Schreiner, A Turqueti, MA Wang, J BE Seibert, JA TI First look at the beam test results of the FPIX2 readout chip for the BTeV silicon pixel detector SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB High energy and nuclear physics experiments need tracking devices with increasing spatial precision and readout speed in the face of ever-higher track densities and increased radiation environments. The new generation of hybrid pixel detectors (arrays of silicon diodes bump bonded to arrays of front-end electronic cells) is the technology able to meet these challenges. We report the first results of the BTeV silicon pixel detector beam test carried out at Fermilab in summer 2004. Tests were performed using a 120 GeV/c proton beam incident on a 6 plane pixel detector telescope. The last prototype developed for the BTeV experiment (FPIX2) is tested in the middle of the telescope. There is no external trigger, and events were built using the time-stamp information provided by the readout chips. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Uplegger, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Menasce, Dario Livio/A-2168-2016 OI Menasce, Dario Livio/0000-0002-9918-1686 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100001 ER PT S AU De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P AF De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P BE Seibert, JA TI MOSFET optimization in deep submicron technology for charge amplifiers SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID SOLID-STATE DETECTORS; LOW-NOISE; 1/F NOISE; FRONT-END; CMOS TECHNOLOGY; LHC EXPERIMENTS; X-RAY; DESIGN; PREAMPLIFIER; CIRCUITS AB The optimization of the input MOSFET for charge amplifiers in deep submicron technologies is discussed. After a review of the traditional approach, the impact of properly modeling the equivalent series noise and gate capacitance of the MOSFET is presented. It is shown that the minimum channel length and the maximum available power are not always the best choice in terms of resolution. Also, in an optimized front-end, the low frequency noise contribution to the Equivalent Noise Charge may depend on the time constant of the filter As an example, results from the commercial TSMC 0.25 mu m CMOS technology are reported. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 25 EP 33 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100007 ER PT S AU Cundiff, T Dawson, JW Dalmonte, L Drake, G Fitzpatrick, T Haberichter, W Huffman, D Luebke, W Nelson, C Reyna, D Schlereth, JL Shanahan, P Thron, JL Watson, M AF Cundiff, T Dawson, JW Dalmonte, L Drake, G Fitzpatrick, T Haberichter, W Huffman, D Luebke, W Nelson, C Reyna, D Schlereth, JL Shanahan, P Thron, JL Watson, M BE Seibert, JA TI The MINOS near detector front end electronics SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID CHARGE INTEGRATOR AB The Near Detector for the MNOS Experiment at Fermilab is composed of alternating planes of scintillator strips and steel plates, and is read out with 64-channel, multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes. The instrumentation uses a custom ASIC designed (1)at Fermilab for the front end analog processing called the QIE.. The system can measure single photoelectrons to high precision with a dynamic range of 16 bits. The electronics operates in two modes. It records all events that occur during the 10 microsecond 'fast spill' of the beam from the Fermilab Main Injector at a rate of 53 MHz, using a gate from the beamline controls to force data acquisition. The system can also acquire data from cosmic rays that pass through the detector for calibration. In this case, dynode signals from the photomultipliers are used as the trigger, causing digitization and readout of the associated channels. Zero suppression and normalization are done in the front-end electronics. The system is 'trigger-less' in that there is no global hardware trigger. Instead, each event is tagged with a 'timestamp', which is used in post-processing to reconstruct events and discard noise hits. The system of 10,000 channels is now built, and installation is in progress at Fermilab. The components of the system are described and preliminary system performance is reported. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cundiff, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100015 ER PT S AU O'Connor, P De Geronimo, G Grosholz, J Kandasamy, A Junnarkar, S Fried, J AF O'Connor, P De Geronimo, G Grosholz, J Kandasamy, A Junnarkar, S Fried, J BE Seibert, JA TI Multichannel energy and timing measurements with the Peak Detector/Derandomizer ASIC SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DETECTORS AB The Peak Detector/Derandomizer ASIC (PDD) provides threshold discrimination, peak detection, time-to-amplitude conversion, analog memory, sparsification, and multiplexing for 32 channels of analog pulse data. In this work the spectroscopic capabilities of the chip (high resolution and high rate) are demonstrated along with correlated measurements of pulse risetime. Imaging and coincidence detection using the PDD chip will also be illustrated. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP O'Connor, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 138 EP 141 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100029 ER PT S AU Stromswold, DC Darkoch, JW Ely, JH Hansen, RR Kouzes, RT Milbrath, BD Runkle, RC Sliger, WA Smart, JE Stephens, DL Todd, LC Woodring, ML AF Stromswold, DC Darkoch, JW Ely, JH Hansen, RR Kouzes, RT Milbrath, BD Runkle, RC Sliger, WA Smart, JE Stephens, DL Todd, LC Woodring, ML BE Seibert, JA TI Field tests of a NaI(Tl)-based vehicle portal monitor at border crossings SO 2004 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Radiation portal monitors are commonly used at international border crossings to detect illicit transport of radioactive material. Most monitors use plastic scintillators to detect gamma rays, but next-generation monitors may contain NaI(TI). In order to directly compare the performance of the two types of detectors, a prototype NaI(TI) monitor was tested at two international border crossings adjacent to a comparable plastic scintillator monitor. The NaI(TI) monitor housed four large detectors, each 10.2 cm x 10.2 cm x 41 cm. The empirical data set from the two field tests contains approximately 3800 passages with known cargo loads for each vehicle For a small subset of the vehicles, high purity germanium detector spectra were also collected. During the survey period several vehicles containing commercial products with naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) passed through the monitor. Typical NORM cargo included pottery, large granite slabs, rock-based floor tiles, construction stone blocks, abrasive material, and fertilizer. Non-NORM sources included a large source of Co-60 (200,000 GBq) and a shipment of uranium oxide, both items being legally transported. The information obtained during the tests provides a good empirical data set to compare the effectiveness of NaI(TI) and plastic-scintillator portal monitors. The capability to be sensitive to illicit materials, but not alarm on NORM, is a key figure of merit for portal monitors. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM david.stromswold@pnl.gov; jwd5@duke.edu; james.ely@pnl.gov; randy.hansen@pnl.gov; rkouzes@pnl.gov; brian.milbrath@pnl.gov; robert.runkle@pnl.gov; je.smart@pnl.gov; danicl.stephens@pnl.gov; lindsay.todd@pnl.gov; mitchelf.woodring@pnt.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 196 EP 200 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100041 ER PT S AU Vanier, PE Forman, L Hunter, SJ Harris, EJ Smith, GC AF Vanier, PE Forman, L Hunter, SJ Harris, EJ Smith, GC BE Seibert, JA TI Thermal neutron backscatter imaging SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Objects of various shapes, with some appreciable hydrogen content, were exposed to fast neutrons from a D-T generator, resulting in a partially-moderated spectrum of backscattered neutrons. The thermal component of the backscatter was used to form images of the objects by means of a coded-aperture thermal-neutron imaging system. Timing signals from the neutron generator were used to gate the detection system so as to record only events consistent with thermal neutrons traveling the distance between the target and the detector. The technique may have application in the detection and shape-determination of land mines, particularly non-metallic types. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vanier, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100042 ER PT S AU Nelson, MA Dinwiddie, DR Baird, W Rooney, BD AF Nelson, MA Dinwiddie, DR Baird, W Rooney, BD BE Seibert, JA TI Evaluation of digitizer properties on pulse shape discrimination in a gelled NE213 cell SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE NE213; BC501A; EJ301A; digital charge integration comparison; pulse shape discrimination; fast-neutron detection AB The figure-of-merit for a gelled NE213 scintillator cell from Bubble Technology Industries is determined for a variety of digitizing speeds and vertical resolutions using the digital-charge-integration -comparison method for pulse-shape-discrimination. If a digitizing board allows for an increase in the vertical resolution at the expense of the digitization rate, then there is an optimal combination of the two. For the Gage Board 82G, a board that does allow this tradeoff to be made, the best pulse shape discrimination occurred for digitization rates and vertical resolutions of 1 GS/s and 8 bits, 500 MS/s and 9 bits, and 250 MS/s with 9 bits. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nelson, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 274 EP 276 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100057 ER PT S AU Sullivan, CJ Garner, SE Butterfield, KB AF Sullivan, CJ Garner, SE Butterfield, KB BE Seibert, JA TI Wavelet analysis of gamma-ray spectra SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE gamma-ray spectroscopy; isotope identification; wavelets AB Since September 11, 2001, there has been increasing interest in providing first responders with radiation detectors for use in the search for and isotope identification of potentially smuggled special nuclear material (SNM) or radiological dispersal devices (RDDs). These devices are typically comprised of low-resolution detectors such as NaI, thus limiting their identification abilities. We present a new technique of wavelet. analysis of low-resolution spectra for the use in isotope identification. Wavelet analysis has the benefit, of excellent feature localization while, unlike with Fourier analysis, maintaining the signals frequency and time characteristics. We will demonstrate this technique with a series of gamma-ray spectra obtained front typical hand-held isotope identifiers, illustrate figures- of-merit to be applied to these results, and discuss future algorithm optimization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sullivan, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS B228, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Sullivan, Clair/0000-0003-4827-5348 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100059 ER PT S AU Tajima, H Kamae, T Madejski, G Mitani, T Nakazawa, K Tanaka, T Takahashi, T Watanabe, S Fukazawa, Y Ikagawa, T Kataoka, J Kokubun, M Makishima, K Terada, Y Nomachi, M Tashiro, M AF Tajima, H Kamae, T Madejski, G Mitani, T Nakazawa, K Tanaka, T Takahashi, T Watanabe, S Fukazawa, Y Ikagawa, T Kataoka, J Kokubun, M Makishima, K Terada, Y Nomachi, M Tashiro, M BE Seibert, JA TI Design and performance of soft gamma-ray detector for NeXT mission SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE gamma-ray astronomy detectors; Compton camera.; polarimetry; silicon radiation detectors.; CdTe ID COMPTON TELESCOPE; ENERGY; SCATTERING AB The Soft Gamma-ray Detector (SGD) on board NeXT (Japanese future high energy astrophysics mission) is a Compton telescope with narrow field of view (FOV), which utilizes Compton kinematics to enhance its background rejection capabilities. It is realized as a hybrid semiconductor gamma-ray detector which consists of silicon and CdTe (Cadmium Telluride) detectors. It can detect photons in a wide energy hand (0.05-1 MeV) at a background level of 5 x 10(-7) counts/s/cm(2) /keV; the silicon layers are required to improve the performance at a lower energy band (< 0.3 MeV). Excellent energy resolution is the key feature of the SGD, allowing to achieve both high angular resolution and good background rejection capability. An additional capability of the SGD, its ability to measure gamma-ray polarization opens up a new window to study properties of astronomical objects. We will present the development of key technologies to realize the SGD; high quality CdTe, low noise front-end ASIC and bump bonding technology. Energy resolutions of 1.7 keV (FWHM) for CdTe pixel detectors and 1.1 keV for Si strip detectors have been measured. We also present the validation of MC simulation used to evaluate the performance of the SGD. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tajima, H (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 314 EP 321 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100065 ER PT S AU Ziock, KP Collins, JW Craig, WW Fabris, L Lanza, RC Gallagher, S Horn, BKP Madden, NW Smith, E Woodring, ML AF Ziock, KP Collins, JW Craig, WW Fabris, L Lanza, RC Gallagher, S Horn, BKP Madden, NW Smith, E Woodring, ML BE Seibert, JA TI Source-search sensitivity of a large-area, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS AB We have recently completed a large-area, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager for use in searching for radiation sources. The instrument was constructed to verify that weak point sources can be detected at considerable distances if one uses imaging to overcome fluctuations in the natural background. The instrument uses a rank-19, one-dimensional coded aperture to cast shadow patterns onto a 0.57 m(2) NaI(T1) detector composed of 57 individual cubes each 10 cm. on a side. These are arranged in a 19 x 3 array. The mask is composed of four-centimeter thick, one-meter high, 10-cm, wide lead blocks. The instrument is mounted in the back of a small truck from which images are obtained as one drives through a region. Results of first measurements obtained with the system are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100066 ER PT S AU Warren, GA Smith, LE Aalseth, CE Ellis, JE Valsan, AE Mengesha, W AF Warren, GA Smith, LE Aalseth, CE Ellis, JE Valsan, AE Mengesha, W BE Seibert, JA TI Generalized multicoincidence analysis methods SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID RADIONUCLIDE ANALYSIS SYSTEMS AB The ability to conduct automated trace radionuclide analysis at or near the sample collection point would provide a valuable tool for emergency response, nuclear forensics and environmental monitoring. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is developing systems for this purpose based on dual gamma-ray spectrometers, e.g. NaI(T1) or HPGe, combined with thin organic scintillator sensors to detect light charged particles. Translating the coincident signatures recorded by these systems, which include beta gamma, gamma gamma, and beta gamma gamma, into the concentration of detectable radionuclides in the sample requires generalized multicoincidence anaysis tools. The development and validation of the Coincidence Lookup Library, which currently contains the probabilities of single and coincidence signatures from more than 420 isotopes, is described. Also discussed is a method to calculate the probability of observing a coincidence signature which incorporates true coincidence summing effects. These effects are particularly important for high-geometric-efficiency detection systems. Finally, a process for validating the integrated analysis software package is demonstrated using GEANT 4 simulations of the prototype detector systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiol & Chem Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Warren, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiol & Chem Sci Grp, POB 999 MS P8-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 345 EP 349 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100071 ER PT S AU Burks, M Cork, CP Eckels, D Hull, E Madden, NW Miller, W Goldsten, J Rhodes, E Williams, B AF Burks, M Cork, CP Eckels, D Hull, E Madden, NW Miller, W Goldsten, J Rhodes, E Williams, B BE Seibert, JA TI Thermal design and performance of the gamma-ray spectrometer for the MESSENGER spacecraft SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; DETECTORS; MISSION; MERCURY AB A gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) has been built and delivered to the MESSENGER spacecraft which launched on August 3, 2004, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The GRS, a part of seven scientific instruments on board MESSENGER, is based on a coaxial high-purity. germanium detector. Gamma-ray detectors based on germanium have the advantage of providing excellent energy resolution, which is critical to achieving the science goals of the mission. However, germanium has the disadvantage that it must operated at cryogenic temperatures (typically similar to 80 K). This requirement is easy to satisfy in the laboratory but difficult near Mercury which has an extremely hot thermal radiation environment. To cool the detector, a Stirling cycle mechanical cooler is employed. In addition, radiation and conduction techniques are used to reduce the GRS heat load. Before delivering the flight sensor, a complete thermal prototype was built and tested. The results of these tests, including thermal design, radiative and conductive heat loads, and cooler performance, are described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burks, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 390 EP 394 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100080 ER PT S AU Ianakiev, KD Swinhoe, MT Chung, K McKigney, EA AF Ianakiev, KD Swinhoe, MT Chung, K McKigney, EA BE Seibert, JA TI Large area neutron detector based on Li-6 ionization chamber with integrated body-moderator of High Density Polyethylene SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We describe the development of a large area neutron detector based on a pulse-mode ionization chamber lined with Li-6 foil in a low-cost housing of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) that serves as the moderator. The use of inexpensive materials, technology for mass production and simple construction, which integrates the basic components of the sensor together, results in a substantial cost reduction. For a given sensor size, detection efficiency, or counting time, the proposed detector is expected to provide an order-of magnitude cost reduction compared to current neutron detection technology. This paper describes the detection concept including the optimization of the design using neutron transport calculations. It also gives experimental results on some prototype units using neutron and gamma sources. The properties affecting long term counting stability are discussed. An approach to reduce the effect of outgassing from the HDPE body is suggested. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ianakiev, KD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 456 EP 460 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100094 ER PT S AU Azmoun, B Smirnov, N Stoll, SP Woody, CL AF Azmoun, B Smirnov, N Stoll, SP Woody, CL BE Seibert, JA TI Test of a GEM detector in the PHENIX experiment at RHIC SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB GEM detectors can serve as high precision tracking detectors in a variety of high energy and nuclear phy experiments. However, relativistic heavy ion experiments can potentially provide not only very high track multiplicities, hut also severe background conditions for operating GEM detectors. To study their use under these conditions, a test was carried out of a three stage GEM detector in the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The detector was,vas placed in a region close to the collision point inside the PHENIX Central Spectrometer and operated during full luminosity gold-gold collisions. Results are given on the stability of operation and the sensitivity of the detector to beam related backgrounds using both Argon/CO2 and pure CF4 gas mixtures. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Azmoun, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 480 EP 484 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100099 ER PT S AU Kistenev, E Woody, C Merkine, M Seto, R Dzhordzhadze, V Bonvicini, V Vacchi, A Lajoie, J AF Kistenev, E Woody, C Merkine, M Seto, R Dzhordzhadze, V Bonvicini, V Vacchi, A Lajoie, J BE Seibert, JA TI Design of a silicon-tungsten calorimeter for the forward direction in the PHENIX experiment at RHIC SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The PHENIX detector at RHIC has been designed to study hadronic and leptonic signatures of the new states of matter in heavy ion collisions and polarized proton collisions. The baseline detector measures muons in two muon spectronieters located forward and backward of mid-rapidity. and measures hadrons, electrons, and photons in two central spectrometer arms each of which covers 90 degrees in azimuth and 0.35 unit of rapidity where the existing electroniagnetic calorimeters are installed. Further progress requires extending rapidity coverage for hadronic and electroniagnetic signatures beyond the limits set by already built central spectrometer, in particular upgrading the functionality of the PHENIX muon spectronieters to include photon and jet measurement capabilities. Tungsten calorimeters with silicon pixel readont and fine transverse and longitudinal segmentation are proposed to attain this goal. The Use of such a design provides the highest density and finest granularity possible in a calorimeter. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kistenev, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Vacchi, Andrea/C-1291-2010 OI Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 591 EP 595 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100125 ER PT S AU Lee, DM AF Lee, DM CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Seibert, JA TI A proposed silicon vertex tracker for the PHENIX detector at forward rapidity SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The current physics reach of the PHENIX detector in the forward rapidity region would be significantly enhanced with the addition of a fine-grained precision tracker near the collision vertex. We are proposing an upgrade to the PHENIX detector that will allow precision measurements of the displaced vertices of heavy quark decays to be used in conjunction with the current muon spectrometers to probe new physics not currently accessible. The new device will enable advanced studies of QGP formation using heavy flavor, improved study of the gluon structure functions in protons, and robust measurements of shadowing in nuclei via. measurements of open charm and beauty. We have studied the requirements of such a detector through detailed simulations. Based on these requirements a conceptual mechanical design and a proposed electronic readout have been developed. The concepts include a specially modified ASIC designed to readout ministrips of 2-13mm in length that will be matched to the occupancy. We will describe the simulations and the mechanical and electronic concepts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 601 EP 604 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100127 ER PT S AU Underwood, D AF Underwood, D CA STAR Collaboration BE Seibert, JA TI Calorimetry in the STAR experiment at RHIC SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER AB The STAR experiment at RHIC is doing both Heavy Ion Physics, looking for the Quark-Gluon Plasma, and also Prolon Spin Physics, primarily investigating the gluon contribution to the proton spin. The Barrel and Endcap Electromagnetic Caloimeters in STAR are nearing completion. These have already been used for jet triggering for jet quenching measurements ill conjunction with the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). Both of these calorimeters are of lead-scint illator sandwich construction, with small tower size appropriate to the multiplicities in heavy ion events. They have different types of shower maximum detectors. The construction, operation, and pressure and planned physics from these detectors will be discussed. More information is available at the STAR web site, including lists of both physics and instrumentation publications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Underwood, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 614 EP 618 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100130 ER PT S AU Drake, G Repond, J Underwood, D Wicklund, AB Kuhlmann, S Magill, S Xia, L Butler, J Oreglia, M AF Drake, G Repond, J Underwood, D Wicklund, AB Kuhlmann, S Magill, S Xia, L Butler, J Oreglia, M BE Seibert, JA TI RPCs as a medium for digital hadron calorimetry for the linear collider SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The purpose of this project is to develop a digital hadron calorimeter (DHCAL) using Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as active medium. RPCs are ideally suited for such a calorimeter: they, are simple in design. cheap to build, reliable and robust, and the readout can be segmented into small pads of say 1 cm(2), as required for a DHCAL at the Linear Collider. Work on developing these chambers has been underway at Argonne for about two years. Several single-gap and multi-gap chambers operating in avalanche mode have been built and have been tested thoroughly with sources and cosmic rays. Tests with up to 64 Pads of 1 cm(2) effort each are ongoing. Furthermore, considerable effort is dedicated to the development of the readout system, a challenge by, itselt given the large number of channels, of order 400K for the prototype and 50x106 for the entire DHCAL. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Drake, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 619 EP 623 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100131 ER PT S AU Brown, BC Brice, S Hawker, E Maza, S Meyer, HO Pla-Dalmau, A Tayloe, R Tanaka, HA Toptygin, D AF Brown, BC Brice, S Hawker, E Maza, S Meyer, HO Pla-Dalmau, A Tayloe, R Tanaka, HA Toptygin, D BE Seibert, JA TI Study of scintillation, fluorescence and scattering in mineral oil for the MiniBooNE neutrino detector SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE Cherenkov; light extinction; fluorescence; scintillation AB The MiniBooNE neutrino detector at Fermilah (FNAL) is filled with 250,000 gallons of pure mineral oil. The principal signal for MiniBooNE is light observed in a prompt Cherenkov cone. Scattering and fluorescence modify our detection of this light. Scintillation is also created by ionization in the oil. Studies of fluorescence of this oil have been carried out over a wide spectrum of exciting light and time resolved fluorescence with a narrower range of excitation. Polarized scattering measurements have been carried out at longer wavelengths. Time resolved and spectrally resolved scintillation has been studied with a 200 MeV Proton beam at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. Results of these studies will he reported. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Brown, BC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 652 EP 656 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002100138 ER PT S AU Gallinaro, M Artikov, A Bromberg, C Budagov, J Byrum, K Chang, S Chlachidze, G Goulianos, K Huston, J Iori, A Kim, M Kuhlmann, S Lami, S Lindgren, M Lytken, E Miller, R Nodulman, L Pauletta, G Penzo, A Proudfoot, J Roser, R Suh, J Turini, N Ukegawa, E Wagner, R AF Gallinaro, M Artikov, A Bromberg, C Budagov, J Byrum, K Chang, S Chlachidze, G Goulianos, K Huston, J Iori, A Kim, M Kuhlmann, S Lami, S Lindgren, M Lytken, E Miller, R Nodulman, L Pauletta, G Penzo, A Proudfoot, J Roser, R Suh, J Turini, N Ukegawa, E Wagner, R BE Seibert, JA TI A new scintillator tile/fiber preshower detector for the CDF central calorimeter SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE scintillation detectors; optical fibers; calorimetry AB A detector designed to measure early particle showers has been installed in front of the central CDF calorimeter at the Tevatron. This new preshower detector is based on scintillator tiles coupled to wavelength-shifting fibers read out by multi-anode photomultipliers and has a total of 3,072 readout channels. The replacement of the old gas detector was required due to an expected increase in instantaneous luminosity of the Tevatron collider in the next few years. Calorimeter coverage, jet energy resolution, and electron and photon identification are among the expected improvements. The final detector design, together with the R&D studies that led to the choice of scintillator and fiber, mechanical assembly, and quality control are presented. The detector was installed in the fall 200 Tevatron shutdown and is expected to start collecting colliding beam data by the end of 2004. First measurements indicate a light yield of 12 photoelectrons/MIP, a more than two-fold increase over the design goals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gallinaro, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 690 EP 694 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101004 ER PT S AU Pozzi, SA Oberer, RB Neal, JS AF Pozzi, SA Oberer, RB Neal, JS BE Seibert, JA TI Analysis of the response of capture-gated organic scintillators SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID NEUTRON; SPECTROMETER AB Recent efforts have been aimed at investigating neutron detectors based on the combined signal from capture-gated organic scintillators. We present a Monte Carlo approach that is based on the simulation of the neutron detector response on an event-by-event basis. Detection efficiency, scintillator pulse height, and time-to-capture are among the quantities that can be estimated by the Monte Carlo technique. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pozzi, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 817 EP 821 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101033 ER PT S AU Hartwell, JK Gehrke, RJ McIlwain, ME AF Hartwell, JK Gehrke, RJ McIlwain, ME BE Seibert, JA TI Performance comparison of four compact room-temperature detectors - two cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) semiconductor detectors, a LaCl3(Ce) scintillator, and an NaI(T1) scintillator SO 2004 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors; LaCl3(Ce) scintillation detectors; room temperature semiconductor detectors AB The performance characteristics of four compact, room-temperature detectors - two scintillators and two semiconductor detectors - were studied. All are commercially-available detectors. The two scintillators were a 013 mm x 13 mm lanthanum chloride [LaCl3(Ce)] detector and a 025 mm x 25 mm sodium iodide [NaI(TI)] detector. The two semiconductor detectors were a 10 mm x 10 mm x 3 mm cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector with a coplanar gridded anode and a 5 min x 5 mm x 5 mm CZT detector with an mextended cathode. The efficiency, resolution, and peak shape of these devices are compared. Since LaCl3(Ce) is a relatively new commercial scintillator material, additional information on the performance of this detector is presented. Specifically, the impact of naturally-occurring radioactive La-138 and additional contamination from alpha-emitting radionuclides on the background measured with this detector are discussed. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625-2114, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jkh2@inel.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 856 EP 860 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101041 ER PT S AU McIntyre, JI Carman, AJ Aalseth, CE Hayes, JC Heimbigner, T Hossbach, TW Hubbard, CW Litke, KE Miley, HS Morris, S Ripplinger, M Suarez, R AF McIntyre, JI Carman, AJ Aalseth, CE Hayes, JC Heimbigner, T Hossbach, TW Hubbard, CW Litke, KE Miley, HS Morris, S Ripplinger, M Suarez, R BE Seibert, JA TI Enhanced beta-gamma coincidence counting gas cell SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE radioxenon; beta-gamma coincidence; sScintillation; fission products ID ISOTOPES AB The Automated Radioxenon Sampler/Analyzer (ARSA) uses a highly compact, high efficiency beta-gamma coincidence detector to detect Xe-133, Xe-131m, Xe-133m and Xe-135 for treaty monitoring and environmental sampling. This system has shown itself to be reliable and robust in several field exercises [1, 2]. However, from a maintenance and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) standpoint it suffers from a very detailed photomultiplier-tube gain matching regime. In an effort to upgrade and simplify the current beta-gamma coincident detector, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a simplified but equally effective well-type detector. Initial comparison between three different well detectors has been performed. Along with the well gamma-ray detectors, a new plastic scintillation gas cell was constructed. The spectral resolution and efficiency obtained from this new design has been demonstrated to be as good as or better than the original ARSA design with greatly improved calibration and maintenance characteristics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McIntyre, JI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014 OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 884 EP 888 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101047 ER PT S AU Ziegler, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Barbero, M Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Chouvikov, A Dalseno, J Dowd, R Fernholz, R Fratina, S Friedl, M Fujii, H Fujiyama, Y Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harrop, B Haruyama, T Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Higuchi, T Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Iwaida, S Kameshima, T Kapusta, R Kasami, K Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Okuno, S Ono, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Schumann, J Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yang, R Yasu, Y Zontar, D AF Ziegler, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Barbero, M Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Chouvikov, A Dalseno, J Dowd, R Fernholz, R Fratina, S Friedl, M Fujii, H Fujiyama, Y Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harrop, B Haruyama, T Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Higuchi, T Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Iwaida, S Kameshima, T Kapusta, R Kasami, K Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Okuno, S Ono, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Schumann, J Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yang, R Yasu, Y Zontar, D CA Belle SVD Grp BE Seibert, JA TI The improved ladder production for the Belle Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD2.1) SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE silicon vertex detector; front-end readout electronics; flexes; bonding AB In autumn 2003 data taking with the new Silicon Vertex Detector SVD2 in Belle started at the KEK-B energy-asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider in Tsukuba, japan. The detector works as expected, however, it was decided to produce replacement ladders for the inner two layers of the vertex detector which are most exposed to the high radiation doses from the beam. The new ladders are not merely reproducing the existing design but include some significant improvements. The readout electronics is designed in a FR4 hybrid board with a new heat transfer scheme in order to dissipate the heat produced in the VA1TA front-end readout chips. The flex circuits that connect the double-sided silicon sensors (DSSD's) with the hybrid boards were redesigned using a 2-layer technique which improved the production quality and lowered their costs significantly. Production and testing will he finished by the end of 2004 and will provide Belle with spare ladders as well as new expertise for possible future projects like e.g. developments for a high luminosity B-factory. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ziegler, T (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 6222, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036; Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 899 EP 903 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101050 ER PT S AU Li, Z Lissauer, D Lynn, D O'Connor, P Radeka, V AF Li, Z Lissauer, D Lynn, D O'Connor, P Radeka, V BE Seibert, JA TI Novel silicon stripixel detectors on high resistivity p-type magnetic Czochralski silicon wafers for US-ATLAS upgrade SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ROSE COLLABORATION; NEUTRON AB a new Si detector system based on a number of novel aspects of detector structure and detector material is proposed here for the US ATLAS Upgrade Project. The novel aspects in this Si detector system include: 1) a novel Si stripixel detector structure developed at BNL will be used, which provides 2d position sensitivity with single-sided process; 2) high resistivity magnetic Czochralski (MCZ) Si wafer will be used, which provides naturally high concentration of oxygen for improved radiation hardness to charged particles; and 3) p-type MCZ substrates are used, for which single-sided process is retained and fast electron collection is presented, and which experiences no space charge sign inversion to ensure partial depletion mode operation at extremely high radiation fluences. In the first detector design layout, strip pitches in both y and u directions have been fixed at 80 mu m, with a stereo angle of 4.6 degrees between them. The strip length is 3 cm and the detector chip size is 2.56 cmx6.0 cm, with 2 halves of 2.56 cmx3.0 cm sensitive areas without dead space between them. Both y and u strips will be read out by the sides perpendicular to the strips. Simulations on detector processing as well as the electric properties before and after radiation by charged particles up to 1.0x10(16) n(eq) (1 MeV neutron equivalent)/cm(2) have been done. Simulation results show that up to 2.0x10(15) n(eq)/cm(2) of charged particle irradiation, the highest fluence for the inter-medium region for strip detector in the SLHC, the new detector with a thickness of 200 mu m can still be fully depleted at a bias of 400 volts. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 912 EP 916 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101053 ER PT S AU Yarema, R Hoff, J Mekkaoui, A Marighisoni, M Re, V Angeleri, V Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Speziali, V AF Yarema, R Hoff, J Mekkaoui, A Marighisoni, M Re, V Angeleri, V Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Speziali, V BE Seibert, JA TI Fermilab silicon strip readout chip for BTEV SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A chip has been developed for reading out the silicon strip detectors in the new BTEV colliding beam experiment at Fermilab. The chip has been designed in a 0.25 mu CMOS technology for high radiation tolerance. Numerous programmable features have been added to the chip, such as setup for operation at different beam crossing intervals. A full size chip has been fabricated and successfully tested. The design philosophy, circuit features, and test results are presented in this paper. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yarema, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; OI RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Manghisoni, Massimo/0000-0001-5559-0894 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 959 EP 963 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101064 ER PT S AU Glodo, J Moses, WW Higgins, WM van Loef, EVD Wong, P Derenzo, SE Weber, MJ Shah, KS AF Glodo, J Moses, WW Higgins, WM van Loef, EVD Wong, P Derenzo, SE Weber, MJ Shah, KS BE Seibert, JA TI Effects of Ce concentration on scintillation properties of LaBr3 : Ce SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ENERGY-RESOLUTION; TIMING PROPERTIES; LSO AB In this communication we report on our investigation of scintillation properties of LaBr3:Ce as a function of Ce concentration. We have studied crystals nominally doped with 0.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30%Ce (by mole). Reports published so far suggested that as the Ce content increases, there is a decrease in light output and little or no change in decay time constants. Our results show that the light output does not change with Ce concentration up to 30% and depends mostly on the crystal and measurement quality. On the other hand we have found timing properties to be a strong function of concentration. As the Ce content increases the principal decay time constant of scintillation decreases from similar to 26 ns for 0.5%Ce to similar to 17 ns for crystals with > 5%Ce. Moreover, there is also a significant change in rise time constants. The rise time measured for a sample doped with 0.5%Ce is up to 9 ns, whereas for samples doped with > 10%Ce it reduces to less than 0.5 ns. The change of rise time has a major effect on the timing properties of this scintillator, with timing resolution improving from 390 ps to less than 200 pS (FWHM). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shah, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS55R0121 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 998 EP 1001 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101072 ER PT S AU Terracol, SF Ali, S Niedermayr, TR Hau, ID Drury, OB Ali, ZA Miyazaki, T Cunningham, MF Dreyer, JG Leacock, JD Friedrich, S AF Terracol, SF Ali, S Niedermayr, TR Hau, ID Drury, OB Ali, ZA Miyazaki, T Cunningham, MF Dreyer, JG Leacock, JD Friedrich, S BE Seibert, JA TI Ultra-high resolution gamma-ray spectrometer development for nuclear attribution and non-proliferation applications SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DETECTORS; FEEDBACK; SENSORS AB Cryogenic Gamma-ray spectrometers based on superconducting thermistors provide more than an order of magnitude improvement in energy resolution over conventional high-purity germanium detectors. They are based on measuring the temperature increase upon Gamma-ray absorption with a sensor operated at the transition between its superconducting and normal state. We are developing Gamma-ray calorimeters using Mo/Cu multilayer sensors with an attached Sn absorber for increased absorption efficiency ("UltraSpec"). We have also developed two-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators for user-friendly detector operation at the required temperatures of similar to 0.1 K. The spectrometer has achieved an energy resolution between 50 and 90 eV FWHM for photon energies up to 100 keV, and can be operated up to 0.4 MeV with reduced resolution. We present an update on spectrometer performance and sensitivity, and discuss the relevance of this technology for Gamma-ray analysis in nuclear attribution and nuclear nonproliferation applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Terracol, SF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Miyazaki, Toshiyuki/L-6587-2015 OI Miyazaki, Toshiyuki/0000-0002-1727-7562 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1006 EP 1013 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101074 ER PT S AU Chen, W Gatti, E Li, Z Rehak, P AF Chen, W Gatti, E Li, Z Rehak, P BE Seibert, JA TI Recent developments in the processing of P-type spiral drift detectors SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID SILICON AB Recently we have designed and developed various methods of fabricating a new P-type Drift Detector (PDD), which possesses one-sided hexagonal spiral shaped cathodes around the center anode. We have utilized gettering methods in order to remove detrimental impurities from the critical device-active area and transport them to a different part of the wafer. In this work, we discuss the intrinsic and the extrinsic gettering methods involved in the process. In the intrinsic gettering, we use the magnetic Czochralski silicon material that has a high resistivity (>= 2k Omega cm). This material naturally has high oxygen concentration (about 10(18)/cm(3)), and under a high temperature cycling it provides nucleation sites where the impurities can precipitate. In the extrinsic process we utilize the phosphorus implantation to form a region with increased impurity, solubility. The goal of these processes is to reduce the leakage current of the detector thus improving its energy resolution. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1024 EP 1028 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101077 ER PT S AU Burks, M Jordan, E Hull, E Mihailescu, L Vetter, K AF Burks, M Jordan, E Hull, E Mihailescu, L Vetter, K BE Seibert, JA TI Signal interpolation in germanium detectors for improved 3-D position resolution SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID FIELD AB A technique has been implemented for improving the 3-D position resolution in a germanium strip detector. By using the signals induced on multiple electrodes. the position of the drifting charges can be interpolated to a resolution smaller than the width of the strips. Interpolation allows for a desired position resolution to be achieved with the fewest number of electronic channels. Applications include portable and space-based instruments where power. cooling., and mass are at a premium. Measurements were made on a fully instrumented 19x19 planar germanium strip detector. This system is used as a Compton imager and detects gamma-ray sources anywhere in a 4-pi field of view. It is shown that, using interpolation. the point spread function for a 662 keV point source improves from 25 degrees to 10 degrees FWHM under specified conditions. However, it is shown that many interactions occur too close together to be effectively interpolated. This and other practical limitations are discussed. In addition. an electrostatic model has been developed and shown to be in good agreement with measurements. This model was used to optimize detector design, predicting signal to noise ratios, and check file calibration of the signals. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burks, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1114 EP 1118 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101096 ER PT S AU Hossbach, TW Aalseth, CF Miley, HS AF Hossbach, TW Aalseth, CF Miley, HS BE Seibert, JA TI A scalable enhanced implementation of pulse shape analysis for Ge-76 double-beta decay SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE pulse shape discrimination; Ge-70 beta beta-decay; neutrinoless beta beta-decay AB Recent evidence for neutrino mass has resulted from numerous neutrino oscillation experiments. These results have prompted increased interest in neutrinoless double-beta decay (0v beta beta-decay). Unlike neutrino oscillation experiments, 0v beta beta-decay can probe the effective neutrino mass range suggested by oscillation results as well as the Majorana or Dirac nature of th'e neutrino. Searching for 0v beta beta-decay using HPGe spectrometers made of enriched (86%) Ge-76 is a technique favored by current and next-generation experiments. The long half-lives of 130 decay makes detection challenging and low background levels necessary. With important remaining backgrounds due to cosmogenic activation products in the germanium itself (Co-60, Ge-68), techniques for discriminating background events from 0v beta beta-decay are critical. Previous work resulted in a technique which, by extracting interaction multiplicity from the shape of the current pulse evolved in an HPGe spectrometer, allowed discrimination of 0v beta beta-decay events with low interaction multiplicity from the expected background events having much higher interaction multiplicity. This work describes an enhanced implementation with faster algorithms and a scalable C++ architecture more suitable for next-generation experiments. The performance of this new implementation of a self-calibrating 3-D parametric discriminator is demonstrated and compared to the previous work. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Hossbach, TW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1119 EP 1121 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101097 ER PT S AU Larsen, RS Downing, RW AF Larsen, RS Downing, RW BE Seibert, JA TI Electronics packaging issues for future accelerators and experiments SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE instrument modules; data acquisition; accelerator measurement and control; modular design; machine availability AB Standard instrument modules for physics reached their zenith of industrial development from the early 1960s through late 1980s. Started by laboratory engineering, groups in Europe and North America, modular electronic standards were successfully developed and commercialized. In the late 1980's a major shift in large detector design toward custom chips mounted directly on detectors started a decline in the use of standard modules for data acquisition. With the loss of the detector module business, commercial support declined. Today the engineering communities supporting future accelerators and experiments face a new set of challenges that demand much more reliable system design. The dominant system metric is Availability. We propose (1) that future accelerator and detector systems be evaluated against a Design for Availability (DrA) metric; (2) that modular design and standardization applied to all electronic and controls subsystems are key to high Availability; and (3) that renewed Laboratory-Industry collaboration(s) could make an invaluable contribution to design and implementation. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Elect Syst, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Larsen, RS (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Elect Syst, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1127 EP 1131 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101099 ER PT S AU Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T AF Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T BE Seibert, JA TI Ion feedback suppression using inclined MCP holes in a "Single-MCP plus Micromegas plus Pads" detector SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We show that the ion backflow to photocathode can be completely suppressed if one uses inclined MCP holes in a presence of magnetic field. The inclined hole angles are chosen to be aligned with the Lorentz electron angle allowing the electron transmission and amplification, while positive ions, traveling along a different angle, are caught on the MCP hole walls. The detector under investigation is a new gaseous detector structure based on a tandem of two parts, the first-one is a single MCP (Microchannel) plate, and the second one is a Micromegas with pad readout. The paper compares relative merits of gaseous and vacuum-based MCP detectors. We are aiming to develop a gaseous detector with the Bialkali photocathode. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1142 EP 1146 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101102 ER PT S AU Yu, B Beuttenmuller, R Chen, W Elliott, DC Li, Z Mead, JA Radeka, V Vazquez, ME Brown, KA Rusek, A AF Yu, B Beuttenmuller, R Chen, W Elliott, DC Li, Z Mead, JA Radeka, V Vazquez, ME Brown, KA Rusek, A BE Seibert, JA TI A novel 2D position sensitive silicon detector with micron resolution for heavy ion tracking SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A new 2D position sensitive silicon detector for tracking of energetic heavy ions is under development in a program to study the radiation effect within a single human cell. The detector is based on a concept of interleaved pixel electrodes arranged in a projective 2D strip readout (stripixel). A fine position resolution in the sub-micron range can be achieved by determining the centroid of the charge collected on pixel electrodes with a granularity in the range of 10 mu m. Beam test results with 1GeV/n Fe ions have demonstrated an rms; position resolution of about 0.5 micron with a Mum pixel pitch. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1165 EP 1169 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101107 ER PT S AU Damazio, DO Takai, H AF Damazio, DO Takai, H BE Seibert, JA TI The cosmic ray radio detector data acquisition system SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE cosmic rays; data acquisition; real-time; GPS AB Cosmic rays with kinetic energy larger than 10(20) eV have been detected by two experiments, AGASA and HIRES. The nature and origin of these particles are not known. Acceleration mechanisms that can produce particles at these energies could be due to yet unknown sources of energy. The extreme energy cosmic rays (EECR) are rare reaching earth at a rate of few per square kilometer per year. The rarity of these events implies that large detector arrays are required making construction cost one of the main issues. We are exploring the possibility to detect EECR using bi-static radar technique. For a proof of principle we use broadcast TV stations as source of RF. After our first round of data taking, a more reliable DAQ was built addressing problems found such as loss of data and inaccurate time stamping. The new DAQ design uses a real time operating system and multithreaded software. To solve the time stamping problem, a GPS bit stream and the precision I PPS are now included in the data stream. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11955 USA. RP Damazio, DO (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11955 USA. RI Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012 OI Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1205 EP 1211 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101116 ER PT S AU Badgett, WF AF Badgett, WF BE Seibert, JA TI Design, performance and control of the CDF Run II data acquisition system - 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium SO 2004 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Run II Data Acquisition (DAQ) system of the CDF Detector at Fermilab's Tevatron accelerator has been operational since July 2001. CDF DAQ has collected over 350 inverse picobarns of proton-antiproton collision data with high efficiency. An overview of the design of the pipelined, deadtime-less trigger and data acquisition system will be presented. CDF can receive and process a maximum crossing rate of once per 132 ns, with the rate reduced in three stages to the final output of approximately 1 to 2 terabytes per day. The DAQ system is controlled and monitored via a suite of Java based control software, with connections to front end VME crate processors running VxWorks/C and back end Oracle databases. Included are a flexible and easy to use Run Control java application and associated system monitoring applications, both stand-alone and web based. The performance and operational experience of three years will be presented, including data taking efficiencies and through-put, and the role of intelligent software in tagging and solving problems. We also review future upgrades designed to increase data collection rates to cope with increased Tevatron luminosity. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 318, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM badgett@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1294 EP 1298 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101134 ER PT S AU Purschke, ML Kandasamy, A O'Connor, P Pratte, JF Schlyer, D Stoll, SP Vaska, P Villanueva, A Woody, CL Junnakar, S Krishnamoorthy, S Shokouhi, S AF Purschke, ML Kandasamy, A O'Connor, P Pratte, JF Schlyer, D Stoll, SP Vaska, P Villanueva, A Woody, CL Junnakar, S Krishnamoorthy, S Shokouhi, S BE Seibert, JA TI PDAQ - a fast data acquisition system for the RatCAP tomograph SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We describe a custom data acquisition system for the RatCAP Tomograph [1], [2]. It is a small, head-mounted PET detector designed to image the brain of an awake rat. At its core, the tomograph consists of a number of LSO crystals read out with an array of APDs. The data will be collected through a custom-designed ASIC, along with a custom VME board. We describe the design, implementation, and performance of a versatile VME-based data acquisition system which will be used to read out the VME board, as well as other off-the-shelf data acquisition electronics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Purschke, ML (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1486 EP 1488 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102032 ER PT S AU Aryaeinejad, R Hartwell, JK Scates, WW AF Aryaeinejad, R Hartwell, JK Scates, WW BE Seibert, JA TI High-resolution Compton-suppressed CZT and LaCl3 detectors for fission products identification SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; ARRAY AB Room temperature semiconductor CdZnTe (CZT) detectors are currently limited to total detector volumes of 1-2 cm(3), which is dictated by the poor charge transport characteristics. Because of this size limitation, one of the problems in accurately determining isotope identification is the enormous background from Compton scattering events. Eliminating this background will not only increase the sensitivity and accuracy of measurements, but will also help to resolve peaks buried under the background and peaks in close vicinity of others. We are currently developing a fission products detection system based on the Compton-suppressed CZT and LaCl3(Ce) detectors. In this application the detection system is required to operate in a high radiation field. Therefore, a small 10 mm X 10 mm x 5 mm CZT and Diameter13 mm x 15 nun LaCl3 detector are placed inside the center of a well-shielded Diameter76 nun by 76 mm long NaI detector. So far, we have been able to successfully reduce the Compton background by a factor of 3.7 to 4.0 for a Cs-137 spectrum. In this work, we will discuss the performance of this detection system using both CZT and LaCl3 detectors. The results are compared with MCNP calculations. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Aryaeinejad, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1540 EP 1544 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102044 ER PT S AU Smith, LE Swickard, AR Heredia-Langner, A Warren, GA Siciliano, ER Miller, SD AF Smith, LE Swickard, AR Heredia-Langner, A Warren, GA Siciliano, ER Miller, SD BE Seibert, JA TI Design considerations for passive gamma-ray spectrometers SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID OPTIMIZATION AB Passive gamma-ray spectrometers composed of attenuation filters and integrating detection materials provide important advantages for measurements in high-radiation environments and for long-term monitoring. Each of these applications has requirements that constrain the design of the instrument, such as incident energy range of interest, sensor size and weight, readout method, and cost. The multitude of parameters in passive spectrometer design (e.g. attenuation filter material and thickness, integrating sensor type, numbers of pixels, reconstructed energy bin structure) results in a large design space to examine. The development of generalized design optimization tools to interrogate this space and to identify promising spectrometer designs is discussed, particularly the methods used to rapidly calculate system transfer functions and the use of genetic algorithms for design optimization. Specific examples of preliminary design optimization efforts are provided. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1571 EP 1575 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102051 ER PT S AU Ely, JH Siciliano, ER Kouzes, RT AF Ely, JH Siciliano, ER Kouzes, RT BE Seibert, JA TI Comparison of NaI(TI) scintillators and high purity germanium for vehicle portal monitor applications SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DETECTORS AB Radiation portal monitors are being deployed at international border crossings to detect illicit transport of radioactive material. Typically, vehicles which have a gamma-ray radiation signature above a certain gross-count threshold proceed through a more thorough inspection to locate and identify the source of radiation. Plastic scintillators (e.g., poly vinyl toluene (PVT)) are the most common gamma-ray detectors for portal monitors, mainly because of their relatively low cost for large-area, high-sensitivity detectors. Plastic scintilators provide gamma-ray detection, but limited spectroscopic information. Sodium iodide [NaI(T1)] scintillator-based portal monitors can provide isotopic identification and may be useful where isotopic identification is needed. Recently, high purity germanium [HPGe]-based portal monitors have been evaluated since the increased resolution from HPGe can potentially provide isotopic identification more precisely and rapidly if deployed with adequate efficiency. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ely, JH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1584 EP 1587 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102054 ER PT S AU Lehner, CE He, Z AF Lehner, CE He, Z BE Seibert, JA TI Image artifacts resulting from gamma-ray tracking algorithms used with Compton imagers SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TELESCOPE AB For Compton imaging it is necessary to determine the sequence of gamma-ray interactions in a single detector or array of detectors. This can be done by time-of-flight measurements if the interactions are sufficiently far apart. However, in small detectors the time between interactions can be too small to measure, and other means of gamma-ray sequencing must be used. In this work, several popular sequencing algorithms are reviewed for sequences with two observed events and three or more observed events in the detector. These algorithms can result in poor imaging resolution and introduce artifacts in the backprojection images. The effects of gamma-ray tracking algorithms on Compton imaging are explored in the context of the 4 pi Compton imager built by the University of Michigan. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lehner, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO 999 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1599 EP 1603 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102057 ER PT S AU Beznosko, D Blazey, G Dyshkant, A Francis, K Kubik, D Pla-Dalmau, A Rykalin, V Zutshi, V AF Beznosko, D Blazey, G Dyshkant, A Francis, K Kubik, D Pla-Dalmau, A Rykalin, V Zutshi, V BE Seibert, JA TI Experience with MRS SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB In this article we show the latest results on the characteristics of the MRS (Metal/Resistor/Semiconductor) photodiode. They include measurements of noise vs. threshold characteristics, noise frequency and signal amplitude dependence on the applied voltage and temperature and irradiation dose, and stability as a function of time. The photoelectron separation for this sensor is measured using a signal from a Light Emitting Diode (LED). The response of the photodetector to light from the extruded 5mm thick long strips of scintillator is studied using cosmic ray muous. Also, fiber-sensor alignment effects were studied. The results are promising and illustrate the potential use of MRS as photosensors in wide range of detectors. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Pla-Dalmau, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Beznosko, Dmitriy/0000-0003-4828-8659 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1626 EP 1629 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102062 ER PT S AU Hoover, AS Kippen, RM Sullivan, JP Rawool-Sullivan, MW Baird, W Sorensen, EB AF Hoover, AS Kippen, RM Sullivan, JP Rawool-Sullivan, MW Baird, W Sorensen, EB BE Seibert, JA TI The LANL prototype compton gamma-ray imager: Design and image reconstruction techniques SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ASTRONOMY AB Today we face serious terrorist threats from radiological dispersion devices, improvised nuclear devices, and unsecured nuclear materials. It is imperative that we develop and implement radiation detection technology capable of locating and tracking nuclear material moving across and within our borders. Common detectors available today suffer from large background rates and have only minimal ability to localize the position of the source without the use of mechanical collimators, which reduces efficiency. Imaging detectors using the Compton scattering process have the potential to provide greatly improved sensitivity through their ability to reject off-source background. We are developing a prototype device using commercially available detector systems to demonstrate the Compton imaging technology. Here we discuss the concept of our detector design and results from Monte Carlo simulations of our prototype detector. We present a novel approach to Compton scatter image reconstruction based on adaptation of a technique from the astronomy community. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1630 EP 1634 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102063 ER PT S AU Moore, RS AF Moore, RS BE Seibert, JA TI A custom 96-channel VME TDC for the CDF detector for Tevatron Collider Run II SO 2004 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A 96-channel TDC (rime to Digital Converter) VME board was designed for the CDF detector in Tevatron Collider Run II at Fermilab. The features include: a custom ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) component that provides time measurements of signals from the various detector elements; a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) that formats the digitized data sent to the data acquisition system; a built-in diagnostic system; a VME interface to read out the data and control the board configuration. This TDC board implements the CDF data acquisition and trigger protocols. The TDCs were designed initially to achieve 300 Hz readout rate. More than 400 of these TDCs provide 1 ns resolution timing for signal pulses from wire chambers, scintillator panels, and calorimeter towers. In addition, custom daughter boards connected to the TDCs provide data to the level-1 trigger system. We describe the functionality of the TDC boards and performance during Run 11 operation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM romoore@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1692 EP 1696 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102077 ER PT S AU Stamen, R Ziegler, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Barbero, M Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Chouvikov, A Dalseno, J Dowd, R Fernholz, R Fratina, S Friedl, M Fujii, H Fujiyama, Y Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harrop, B Haruyama, T Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Higuchi, T Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Iwaida, S Kameshima, T Kapusta, P Kasami, K Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Okuno, S Ono, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Schumann, J Shibata, T Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, E Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yang, R Yasu, Y Zontar, D AF Stamen, R Ziegler, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Barbero, M Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Chouvikov, A Dalseno, J Dowd, R Fernholz, R Fratina, S Friedl, M Fujii, H Fujiyama, Y Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harrop, B Haruyama, T Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Higuchi, T Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Iwaida, S Kameshima, T Kapusta, P Kasami, K Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Okuno, S Ono, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Schumann, J Shibata, T Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, E Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yang, R Yasu, Y Zontar, D CA Belle SVD Grp BE Seibert, JA TI The Belle L1.5 trigger SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE trigger; vertex detector trigger ID DETECTOR AB During the summer shutdown of 2003 the new silicon vertex detector SVD2 was installed in Belle at the KEK-B factory in Tsukuba, Japan and started to take data in October 2003. It provides important improvements in the tracking capabilities and adds new trigger functionality. In addition a new hardware trigger Level 1.5 was designed and installed that takes advantage of the digitized SVD hit data. The improvement in the Belle trigger system is important to deal with the increasing luminosity and higher beam currents of the KEK-B collider. The design of the Level 1.5 trigger system is reviewed and results from the data taking are presented. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stamen, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 6222, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1697 EP 1701 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102078 ER PT S AU Kurashiro, H Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Barbero, M Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Chouvikov, A Dalseno, J Dowd, R Fernholz, R Fratina, S Friedl, M Fujii, H Fujiyama, Y Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harrop, B Haruyama, T Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Higuchi, T Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Iwaida, S Kameshima, T Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Kasami, K Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Nakadaira, T Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Ono, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Schumann, J Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Stumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, E Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yang, R Yasu, Y Zontar, D Ziegler, T AF Kurashiro, H Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Barbero, M Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Chouvikov, A Dalseno, J Dowd, R Fernholz, R Fratina, S Friedl, M Fujii, H Fujiyama, Y Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harrop, B Haruyama, T Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Higuchi, T Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Iwaida, S Kameshima, T Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Kasami, K Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Nakadaira, T Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Ono, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Schumann, J Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Stumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, E Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yang, R Yasu, Y Zontar, D Ziegler, T CA Belle SVD Grp BE Seibert, JA TI Level-1 silicon vertex detector trigger at Belle SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE Belle; KEKB; silicon vertex detector; VA1TA; trigger AB We present a newly developed fast trigger system that uses the silicon vertex detector (SVD) for the Belle experiment at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. It is designed to issue the trigger with a latency of 1.85 mu s for the Belle central trigger system (GDL). The primary purpose of the SVD trigger is to reduce beam-induced background events by requiring tracks that come from the interaction point. The system receives trigger signals from VA1TA front-end integrated circuits, which read out signals on the silicon-strips. SVD tracks are constructed with them m combination with the trigger information of the Central Drift Chamber (CDC), which is located outside the SVD. Performance of the SVD trigger is evaluated with collision data. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kurashiro, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mail Stop 6222, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036; Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1716 EP 1720 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102082 ER PT S AU Allen, CW Colocho, W Erickson, R Stanek, M AF Allen, CW Colocho, W Erickson, R Stanek, M BE Seibert, JA TI PEP-II hardware reliability SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Hardware reliability takes on special importance in large accelerator facilities intended to work as factories; i.e., when they are expected to deliver design performance for extended periods of time. The PEP-II "B-Factory" at SLAC is such a facility. In this paper, we summarize PEP-II reliability statistics from the first four years of production running. The four running periods extended from January 12 through October 31, 2000, from February 4, 2001 through June 30, 2002, from November 15, 2002 through June 30, 2003, and from September 9, 2003 through July 31, 2004. These four periods are designated Runs 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the discussion and tables presented in the paper. The first four runs encompassed 30,359 hours. During this time, PEP-II was delivering luminosity to the BaBar detector 57.9 percent of the time. In addition, 5.3 percent of the time was used for scheduled dedicated machine development work, and 4.5 percent was scheduled off for maintenance, installations, or safety checks. Injection and tuning accounted for 19.9 percent. The remaining 12.4 percent was lost due to malfunctions. During this time period, a total of 9701 malfunctions were reported, but most did not interrupt the running program. The unscheduled down time, a total of 3883 hours, was attributed to 1724 of these malfunctions. Mean Time to Fail (MTTF) and Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) are presented for each of the major subsystems, and long-term availability trends are discussed. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Allen, CW (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1788 EP 1792 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102100 ER PT S AU Warner, A Kazakevich, G Nagaitsev, S Shemyakin, A Tassotto, G Gai, W Konecny, R AF Warner, A Kazakevich, G Nagaitsev, S Shemyakin, A Tassotto, G Gai, W Konecny, R BE Seibert, JA TI Beam profile diagnostics for the fermilab medium energy electron cooler prototype SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Fermilab Recycler ring will employ an electron cooler to store and cool 8.9-GeV antiprotons. The cooler will be based on a Pelletron electrostatic accelerator working in an energy-recovery regime. Several techniques for determining the characteristics of the beam dynamics are being investigated. Beam profiles have been measured as a function of the beam line optics at the energy of 3.5-MeV in the current range of 10(-4) -1A, with a pulse duration of 2 mu s. The profiles were measured using optical transition radiation produced at the interface of a 250 mu m aluminum foil and also from YAG crystal luminescence. In addition, beam profiles measured using multi-wire detectors were investigated. These three diagnostics will be used together to determine the profile dynamics of the beam. In this paper we report the results so far obtained using these techniques. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Warner, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1807 EP 1811 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102104 ER PT S AU Drennan, C Baumbaugh, A Knickerbocker, K Lewis, JD Marchionni, A Needles, C Olson, M Pordes, S Utes, M AF Drennan, C Baumbaugh, A Knickerbocker, K Lewis, JD Marchionni, A Needles, C Olson, M Pordes, S Utes, M BE Seibert, JA TI Development of a new data acquisition system for the fermilab beam loss monitors SO 2004 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE current measurement; data acquisition; dosimetry; ionization chambers; integrators; radiation detectors AB A new digitizing and data acquisition system for the beam loss monitors is being developed for use in several accelerators of the Fermilab complex. In addition to providing diagnostic information about beam loss, the loss monitor system Is designed to provide a primary protection against damage to the superconducting magnets of the Tevatron. Protecting the Tevatron magnets over the full set of Collider operating conditions requires the abort logic and thresholds to be flexible and reconfigurable quickly from stored settings. A digitizer card is the core component of the system. It integrates and digitizes the current from the loss monitor chambers each beam revolution period (21 mu s), maintains three running sums of up to 64k measurements, and compares the measurements and sums to programmable abort thresholds. In this paper we report on the overall system design and on tests of a prototype digitizer card during Tevatron operation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Drennan, Craig/0000-0003-3302-3789 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1816 EP 1819 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102106 ER PT S AU Morris, S Pratt, R Hughes, M Kouzes, R Pitts, K Robinson, E AF Morris, S Pratt, R Hughes, M Kouzes, R Pitts, K Robinson, E BE Seibert, JA TI DVD based electronic pulser SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of a digital versatile disc (DVD) based electronic pulser system (DVDEPS). Such a device is used to generate pulse streams for simulation of both gamma and neutron detector systems. The DVDEPS reproduces a random pulse stream of a full high purity germanium (HPGe) spectrum as well as a digital pulse stream representing the output of a neutron multiplicity detector. The exchangeable DVD media contains over an hour of data for both detector systems and can contain an arbitrary gamma spectrum and neutron pulse stream. The data is written to the DVD using a desktop computer program from either actual or simulated spectra. The targeted use of the DVDEPS is authentication or validation of monitoring equipment for nonproliferation purposes, but it is also of general use whenever a complex data stream is required. The DVD based pulser combines the storage capacity and simplicity of DVD technology with commonly available electronic components to build a relatively inexpensive yet highly capable testing instrument. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Morris, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1915 EP 1918 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102129 ER PT S AU Aalseth, CE Hossbach, TW Miley, HS AF Aalseth, CE Hossbach, TW Miley, HS BE Seibert, JA TI An improved cooled FET assembly for ultra-low-background germanium spectrometers SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The cooled FET and associated feedback resistor and capacitor (the "cooled FET assembly") are part of resistive feedback preamplifiers often used with germanium spectrometers. This cooled FET assembly is placed close to the germanium crystal, usually in thermal contact with the crystal housing. In low-background applications, the remaining stages of the preamplifier are placed 10-100 cm away, isolating the trace radioactivity in the preamplifier from the germanium crystal. Its proximity to the crystal makes the cooled FET assembly a critical source of radioactive contamination in ultra-low background germanium spectrometers. The elimination of all materials not specifically checked for radiopurity leaves a very limited palette with which to construct the cooled FET assembly. This has lead, in the past, to serious compromises in the mechanical and thermal ruggedness of research ultra-low background germanium spectrometers. Additionally, with poor thermal design the FET operating temperature can be too high or, more likely, too low, increasing noise. The design goals were to create an assembly that was capable of withstanding repeated thermal cycles, was radiologically clean, had good noise performance, and supported the fast rise-times needed for pulse shape analysis applications for large ultra-low-background germanium spectrometer systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Aalseth, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1937 EP 1938 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102134 ER PT S AU Allspach, D Ambrose, D Binkley, M Bromberg, C Burkett, K Kephart, R Madrak, R Miao, T Mukherjee, A Roser, R Wagner, RL AF Allspach, D Ambrose, D Binkley, M Bromberg, C Burkett, K Kephart, R Madrak, R Miao, T Mukherjee, A Roser, R Wagner, RL BE Seibert, JA TI Aging in the large CDF axial drift chamber SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID CHEMISTRY AB The Central Outer Tracker (COT) is a large axial drift chamber in the Collider Detector at Fermilab operating with a gas mixture that is 50/50 argon/ethane with an admixture of 1.7% isopropanol. In its first two years of operation the COT showed unexpected aging with the worst parts of the chamber experiencing a gain loss of similar to 50% for an accumulated charge of similar to 35 mC/cm. By monitoring the pulse height of hits on good tracks, it was possible to determine the gain as a function of time and location in the chamber. In addition, the currents of the high voltage supplies gave another monitor of chamber gain and its dependence on the charge deposition rate. The aging was worse on the exhaust end of the chamber consistent with polymer buildup as the gas flows through the chamber. The distribution in azimuth suggests that aging is enhanced at lower temperatures, but other factors such as gas flow patterns may be involved. Elemental and molecular analysis of the sense wires found a coating that is mostly carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen; no silicon or other contaminants were identified. High resolution electron microscope pictures of the wire surface show that the coating is smooth with small sub-micron nodules. In the course of working with the chamber gas system, we discovered a small amount Of O-2 is enough to reverse the aging. Operating the chamber with similar to 100 ppm of O-2 reversed almost two years of gain loss in less than 10 days with an accumulated charge of 2 mC/cm. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Allspach, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2058 EP 2063 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002103010 ER PT S AU Pratte, JF Junnarkar, S O'Connor, P Woody, C Stoll, S Villanueva, A Kandasamy, A Radeka, V Yu, B Robert, S Lecomte, R Fontaine, R AF Pratte, JF Junnarkar, S O'Connor, P Woody, C Stoll, S Villanueva, A Kandasamy, A Radeka, V Yu, B Robert, S Lecomte, R Fontaine, R BE Seibert, JA TI Front-end electronics for the RatCAP mobile animal PET scanner: Timing discriminator and 32 line address priority serial encoder SO 2004 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We report on the development of the integrated front-end electronic for the RatCAP (Rat Conscious Animal PET). The RatCAP is a head-mounted, APD-based portable Positron Emission Tomography scanner intended to perform brain imaging and behavioural studies of the awake rat. This paper focuses on the development and characterization of the Zero-Crossing Discriminator (ZCD) and the 32 line address serial encoder for the miniature scanner. The ZCD, used as a time pick-off circuit for each APD detector, has a power consumption of only 300 MW. The 32 line address serial encoder is used to multiplex the timing edge of every channel together with its address into a single output. The ASIC, realized in a CMOS 0. 18 mu m process, has a maximum power dissipation of 125 mW. The electronic timing jitter, the time walk and the coincidence timing resolution of the ZCD measured at the encoder output are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jfpratte@bnl.gov OI LECOMTE, Roger/0000-0002-8541-0783 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2211 EP 2215 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002103043 ER PT S AU Woody, C Dzhordzhadze, V Fontaine, R Junnakar, S Kandasamy, A Kriplani, A Krishnamoorthy, S Lecomte, R O'Connor, P Page, C Pratte, JF Purschke, M Radeka, V Rampil, I Schlyer, D Shokouhi, S Southekal, S Stoll, S Vaska, P Villanueva, A Yu, B AF Woody, C Dzhordzhadze, V Fontaine, R Junnakar, S Kandasamy, A Kriplani, A Krishnamoorthy, S Lecomte, R O'Connor, P Page, C Pratte, JF Purschke, M Radeka, V Rampil, I Schlyer, D Shokouhi, S Southekal, S Stoll, S Vaska, P Villanueva, A Yu, B BE Seibert, JA TI The RatCAP conscious small animal PET tomograph SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID BRAIN AB The RatCAP is a small, head mounted PET tomograph being designed and built to image the brain of an awake rat. It will allow PET imaging studies to be carried out on laboratory rats without the use of anesthesia, which severely suppresses brain functions and affects many of the neurological activities that one would like to study using PET. In addition, it will allow the study of animal behavior while simultaneously acquiring PET data. The tomograph consists of a 4 cm diameter ring containing 12 block detectors, each of which is comprised of a 4x8 array of 2.2x2.2x5 mm(3) LSO crystals read out with a matching APD array. The APDs are read out using a custom designed ASIC and VME readout system. Most of the detector components for the RatCAP have been received and the final detector is now under construction. This paper summarizes the status of the project and gives results on detector component testing and performance, development of the readout system, results on image reconstruction, and studies on animal behavior while wearing the ring. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Woody, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI LECOMTE, Roger/0000-0002-8541-0783 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2334 EP 2338 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002103067 ER PT S AU Weisenberger, AG Baba, JS Kross, B Gleason, SS Goddard, J Majewski, S Meikle, SR Paulus, MJ Pomper, MG Popov, V Smith, MF Welch, BL Wojcik, R AF Weisenberger, AG Baba, JS Kross, B Gleason, SS Goddard, J Majewski, S Meikle, SR Paulus, MJ Pomper, MG Popov, V Smith, MF Welch, BL Wojcik, R BE Seibert, JA TI Dual low profile detector heads for a restraint free small animal SPECT imaging system SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A small animal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system has been developed for acquiring in vivo images of the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals in unrestrained, awake small animal models. This system uses two dedicated gamma-ray cameras and an infrared based animal position tracking system mounted on a rotational gantry with an infrared transparent mouse burrow in the center. The original implementation of this system had two compact gamma cameras with an active area of 5 cm x 5 cm. Two new gamma camera detector heads with active areas of 10 cm x 20 cm have been built, tested and installed in the SPECT gantry to replace the 5 cm x 5 em detectors. The new gamma cameras are based on pixellated NaI(TI) crystal scintillator arrays, coupled to arrays of compact position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMT) to achieve high spatial resolution in a compact, low profile device. A novel cost-effective readout is utilized. The two detector heads are based on a 4 x 8 array of Hamamatsu R8520-C12 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes. Each PSPMT array is coupled to a pixellated 10 cm x 20 cm NaI(TI) scintillator crystal array with individual crystal elements of 2 mm x 2 mm x 15 mm in size and a septum of 0.25 mm between elements. Samples of phantom and animal studies are presented. The detectors are capable of imaging I-125 and Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals in live mice. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RI Meikle, Steven/A-5470-2009 OI Meikle, Steven/0000-0001-7397-0364 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2456 EP 2460 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002103095 ER PT S AU Aufderheide, MB Henderson, G von Wittenau, AES Slone, DM Barty, A Martz, HE AF Aufderheide, MB Henderson, G von Wittenau, AES Slone, DM Barty, A Martz, HE BE Seibert, JA TI HADES, a code for simulating a variety of radiographic techniques SO 2004 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB It is often useful to simulate radiographic images in order to optimize imaging trade-offs and to test tomographic techniques. HADES is a code that simulates radiography using ray tracing techniques. Although originally developed to simulate X-Ray transmission radiography, HADES has grown to simulate neutron radiography over a wide range of energy, proton radiography in the 1 MeV to 100 GeV range, and recently phase contrast radiography using X-Rays in the keV energy range. HADES can simulate parallel-ray or cone-beam radiography through a variety of mesh types, as well as through collections of geometric objects. HADES was originally developed for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications, but could be a useful tool for simulation of portal imaging, proton therapy imaging, and synchrotron studies of tissue. In this paper we describe HADES' current capabilities and discuss plans for a major revision of the code. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aufderhe@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2579 EP 2583 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002103122 ER PT S AU Hu, JC Tam, K Johnson, RH Qi, JY AF Hu, JC Tam, K Johnson, RH Qi, JY BE Seibert, JA TI A short scan helical FDK cone beam algorithm based on surfaces satisfying the Tuy's condition SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID FILTERED-BACKPROJECTION ALGORITHM; LONG-OBJECT PROBLEM; RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM; SPIRAL CT; TOMOGRAPHY; DERIVATION AB FDK method is the most popular cone beam algorithm to date. Traditionally, short scan helical FDK algorithms have been implemented based on horizontal transaxial slices. However, not every point on the horizontal transaxial slice satisfies Tuy's condition for the corresponding (pi + fan angle) segment of helix, which means that some points on the horizontal slices are incompletely sampled and are impossible to he exactly reconstructed. In this paper, we propose and implement an improved short scan helical cone beam FDK algorithm based on nutating curved surfaces satisfying the Tuy's condition. This surface is defined by averaging PI surfaces emanating the initial and final source points of a (pi + fan angle) segment of helix. One of the key characteristics of the surface is that every point on it satisfies the Tuy's condition for the corresponding (pi + fan angle) segment of helix, which means that we can potentially reconstruct every point on the surface exactly. This difference makes the proposed algorithm deliver a better-reconstructed image quality while requiring a smaller detector area than that of traditional FDK methods based on horizontal transaxial slices. Another characteristics of the proposed surface is that every point in the object space belongs to one and only one such surface. Therefore, the location of the short scan segment for reconstruction of a point in Cartesian coordinate can be pre-calculated and stored in a look up table. This enables us to perform reconstruction directly on rectangular grids. We compare the performance of the improved FDK algorithm with that of a quasi-exact algorithm based on data combination technique. The simulation results show that the reconstructed image quality of these two methods is about the same. We also provide a qualitative analysis of the link between the improved FDK and exact methods. The computational requirement of the proposed algorithm is the same as that of the traditional FDK method. We validate the proposed algorithm with a disc phantom. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, JC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2760 EP 2764 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002104019 ER PT S AU Gleason, SS Goddard, JS Paulus, MJ Baba, JS Majewski, S Smith, M Tran, T Weisenberger, A Welch, B Wojcik, R AF Gleason, SS Goddard, JS Paulus, MJ Baba, JS Majewski, S Smith, M Tran, T Weisenberger, A Welch, B Wojcik, R BE Seibert, JA TI Real-time, high-accuracy 3D tracking of small animals for motion-corrected SPECT imaging SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB An optical landmark-based pose measurement and tracking system has been developed to provide 3D animal position data for a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging system for non-anesthetized, unrestrained laboratory animals. The animal position and orientation data provides the opportunity for motion correction of the SPECT data. The tracking system employs infrared (IR) markers placed on the animal's head along with strobed IR LEDs to illuminate the reflectors. A stereo CMOS camera system acquires images of the markers through a transparent enclosure. Software routines segment the markers, reject unwanted reflections, determine marker correspondence, and calculate the 3D pose of the animal's head. Recent improvements have been made in this tracking system including enhanced pose measurement speed and accuracy, improved animal burrow design, and more effective camera positioning for enhanced animal viewing. Furthermore, new routines have been developed to calibrate the SPECT detector head positions relative to one another and to align the coordinate systems of the optical tracking cameras with the SPECT detectors. This alignment enables motion-corrected SPECT image reconstruction. Phantom experiments validate the accuracy of the tracking system to better than 0.1min accuracy, and live mouse tracking results demonstrate that reliable, accurate tracking measurements can be consistently achieved during the entire 360-degree SPECT image acquisition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gleason, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3338 EP 3342 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002104150 ER PT S AU Schlyer, D Rooney, W Woody, C Vaska, P Kriplani, A Stoll, S AF Schlyer, D Rooney, W Woody, C Vaska, P Kriplani, A Stoll, S BE Seibert, JA TI Development of a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; PET SCANNER; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM AB A combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner would be a great benefit to nuclear medicine. The anatomical detail given by MRI and spectroscopy available with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) complement the quantitative physiological imaging obtained with PET. Such a device has not become a reality because of the incompatibilities of photomultiptier tubes (PMTs) and their associated electronics with MRI's high magnetic fields, as well as significant constraints on PET camera size due to the limited patient port of MR scanners. Recent advances in solid-state electronics have opened the possibility of replacing photomultiplier tubes with avalanche photodiodes (APDs) that are compact and do not share the vulnerabilities of PMTs to magnetic fields. Currently, we are planning to build a miniature PET tomograph using only solid-state electronics to give a combination MRI/PET scanner for small animals. This technology, once developed, can be extended to human scanner designs. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schlyer, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3419 EP 3421 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002105015 ER PT S AU Vaska, P Krishnamoorthy, S Stoll, S Woody, CL O'Connor, P Purschke, M Boose, S Schlyer, DJ Villanueva, A AF Vaska, P Krishnamoorthy, S Stoll, S Woody, CL O'Connor, P Purschke, M Boose, S Schlyer, DJ Villanueva, A BE Seibert, JA TI An improved Anger detector approach for PET with high resolution and sensitivity SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID AREA AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; SCANNER; MICROPET AB Small-animal PET has become a rapidly growing approach to problems in human health, from addiction to cancer to drug development. However, the best presently available PET technology (similar to 2 mm resolution) still has significant limitations in spatial resolution and sensitivity which are particularly problematic for applications attempting to take advantage of powerful transgenic mouse models. Most currently proposed approaches to improving resolution face a number of technical obstacles which force trade-offs in performance. A novel design which circumvents many of these compromises is a miniaturized and modernized "Anger" or "gamma" camera, with a principle similar to well-known detectors for SPECT, in which a continuous scintillator crystal is used and position is determined from light-sharing among groups of photodetectors. Critical improvements over the traditional Anger design include a more appropriate scintillator for PET (LSO), a thinner crystal for higher spatial resolution, and large-area avalanche photodiode (APD) technology as the photodetector which allows layering of the detector to improve sensitivity, among other benefits. The feasibility of the approach has been studied in terms of spatial and energy resolution, sensitivity, and cost, with promising results. A prototype is complete and preliminary measurements have been performed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vaska, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3463 EP 3466 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002105026 ER PT S AU Shokouhi, S Vaska, P Southekal, S Schlyer, D Purschke, M Dzordzhadze, V Woody, C Stoll, S Alexoff, DL Rubins, D Villanueva, A Krishnamoorthy, S AF Shokouhi, S Vaska, P Southekal, S Schlyer, D Purschke, M Dzordzhadze, V Woody, C Stoll, S Alexoff, DL Rubins, D Villanueva, A Krishnamoorthy, S BE Seibert, JA TI Statistical 3D image reconstruction for the RatCAP PET tomograph using a physically accurate, Monte Carlo based system matrix SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID MICROPET; BRAIN AB This work describes a fully 3D statistical image reconstruction for the RatCAP (Rat Conscious Animal PET) using a Monte Carlo based system matrix. The RatCAP consists of 12 lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) - avalanche photodiode (APD) detector blocks arranged in a ring of 41.2 mm diameter. Due to the small ring diameter and low number of total lines of response (LORs), the size of a complete system matrix is small in comparison to a typical small animal scanner. This allows incorporation of an accurate, RatCAP-specific physical model with the inclusion of crystal penetration, Compton scattering in both rat's brain and detector, attenuation and the realistic event positioning errors. The trade off between the statistical accuracy and the matrix computational time as it relates to the accuracy of image reconstruction will also be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shokouhi, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3901 EP 3905 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002105125 ER PT S AU Huesman, RH Qib, JY Samaras, D Wang, Y Yang, L Zhang, W Ferrieri, R Vaska, P Schlyerd, D AF Huesman, RH Qib, JY Samaras, D Wang, Y Yang, L Zhang, W Ferrieri, R Vaska, P Schlyerd, D BE Seibert, JA TI Direct list mode reconstruction for motion compensation SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID LIKELIHOOD IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION PROPERTIES; PET AB As resolution of PET increases, subject movement is becoming a significant factor that limits image quality. It is important to develop image reconstruction methods that can compensate motion. The basic approach that we have taken in this work is to use video cameras to track the subject movement and to use this information in reconstruction algorithms. We have developed a direct list-mode reconstruction algorithm that incorporates the subject motion information in the likelihood function. The method can accurately compensate measured motion and it does not require interpolation of either measured events or reconstructed images. We applied the method to experimental data from a phantom in a microPET scanner. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huesman, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3953 EP 3955 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002105137 ER PT S AU Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH BE Seibert, JA TI Spatiotemporal scatter models for dynamic SPECT SO 2004 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID INHOMOGENEOUS-MEDIA; DISTRIBUTIONS; PROJECTIONS AB Dynamic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data acquisition and quantitative kinetic data analysis provide unique information that can enable improved discrimination between healthy and diseased tissue, compared to conventional static imaging. Previously, we modeled time courses of activity within segmented SPECT volumes of interest and developed algorithms to estimate kinetic model parameters directly from dynamic projection data. We now propose two methods for modeling and estimating scatter jointly with tracer kinetic models. The goal is to reduce bias in kinetic parameter estimates by properly accounting for scatter. These methods exploit the fact that the scatter distribution from a volume of interest is spatially smooth and has the same temporal kinetics as unscattered events from the volume. The first method treats scattered events as if they originate from scatter sites distributed in image space. For each volume of interest, the distribution of scatter sites is modeled with a smooth spatial function and events from this effective scatter source distribution (ESSD) are forward-projected along with unscattered events from the volume. Thus, the projector only needs to model non-scatter effects. The second method bypasses modeling an ESSD in image space and simply models the spatial projection of scatter to be a smooth function in projection space. Computer simulations of a dynamic Tc-99m-teboroxime cardiac SPECT scan show that unscattered and scattered events from the blood pool, myocardium, and liver have distinct spatiotemporal signatures and that it is feasible to jointly estimate scatter amplitudes and time-activity curves for volumes of interest directly from projection data. This suggests that joint estimation of scatter, blood input function, and compartmental model parameters is a well-posed problem and can lead to reduced bias in kinetic parameter estimates. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bwreutter@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 4092 EP 4096 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002106016 ER PT S AU Mallett, MW Ennis, ME Proctor, AE van den Berg, L Hintenach, JW AF Mallett, MW Ennis, ME Proctor, AE van den Berg, L Hintenach, JW BE Seibert, JA TI Performance of a large area mercuric iodide lung counter SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE mercuric iodide; array; radiobioassay; in vivo; lung AB A new detector system based on mercuric iodide technology was designed and constructed specifically for in vivo measurement applications. The system contains four mercuric iodide room-temperature semiconductor detectors, each with an area of 25 mm x 25 mm, for photon detection and spectrometry. The combination of multiple matched detectors in a single housing achieves the large area needed for in vivo measurements, while overcoming the inherent limitations in the growth of large, high quality crystals of high-Z semiconductor materials. The use of large semiconductor detectors operating at room temperature eliminates the need for liquid nitrogen cooling required for germanium detectors which presents a potential danger in the confined space characteristic of in vivo measurements. The high quality room temperature detectors preserve the spectroscopic quality requirements for transuranic detection. The performance of the mercuric iodide in vivo detector meets the performance requirements specified in ANSI N13.30, and compares satisfactorily with the performance of germanium detector systems typically used for in vivo lung measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mallett, MW (reprint author), Nucsafe Inc, 765 Emory Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 4256 EP 4258 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002106052 ER PT S AU Carini, GA Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Wright, GW De Geronimo, G Siddons, DP James, RB AF Carini, GA Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Wright, GW De Geronimo, G Siddons, DP James, RB BE Seibert, JA TI Synchrotron radiation response characterization of coplanar grid CZT detectors SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID CDZNTE DETECTORS; ELECTRODES AB Commercial 15x15x7.5 mm(3) coplanar grid CdZnTe detectors were studied on the micron-scale using a collimated high-energy X-ray beam provided by Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light Source. This powerful tool enables simultaneous studies of detector response uniformity, electronic properties of the material, and effects related to the device's contact pattern and electric field distribution. The availability of a front-end Application Specific Integrated Circuit, developed at Brookhaven's Instrumentation Division, providing low noise amplification of grids and cathode signals, corresponding timing signal and adjustable relative gain, allowed to correlate performance mapping and fluctuations in collected charge. We observed the effect of the strip contacts comprising the coplanar grids on the energy resolution of the coplanar-grid device. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Nat Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carini, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Nat Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 4264 EP 4267 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002106054 ER PT S AU Tournear, D Epstein, R Kippen, RM AF Tournear, D Epstein, R Kippen, RM BE Seibert, JA TI Gamma-ray channeling in layered structures SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE gamma-ray detectors; gamma-ray astronomy detectors AB Periodic variations of the refractive index in perfect crystals or similarly layered structures constrain gamma rays with small grazing angles to generally move parallel to the planes. This channeling process is similar to the dynamical diffraction of gamma rays transmitted through crystals (Lane diffraction), though it affects a broader range of angles. Gamma-ray channeling in tailor-made layered structures may be a useful mechanism for developing gamma-ray optics for astronomy, medical, and other applications. We constructed an experiment to measure the effect of this gamma-ray channeling method using a tailor-made layered structure of gold-palladium and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic. We report progress toward results using 122 keV gamma rays to verify whether this technique is viable and can be used to develop gamma-ray concentrating instruments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tournear, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 4282 EP 4285 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002106058 ER PT S AU Luke, PN Amman, M Lee, JS Vu, CQ AF Luke, PN Amman, M Lee, JS Vu, CQ BE Seibert, JA TI Pocket-size CdZnTe gamma-ray spectrometer SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A pocket-size gamma-ray spectrometer has been developed. It uses a large volume (2 cm(3)) CdZnTe coplanar-grid detector to achieve good detection efficiency and energy resolution. The spectrometer is completely self-contained. It includes pulse processing electronics, multi-channel analyzer, data storage, LCD display, keypads, USB interface, and rechargeable battery. Custom software was created for spectrum acquisition, storage, and display. The power consumption of the spectrometer is 120 mW when active, allowing 2 days of continuous operation on a full battery charge. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luke, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 4303 EP 4306 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002106062 ER PT S AU De Geronimo, G Carini, G Murray, WS O'Connor, P AF De Geronimo, G Carini, G Murray, WS O'Connor, P BE Seibert, JA TI Front-end ASIC for Co-Planar Grid sensors SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID CDZNTE DETECTORS; NOISE AB An Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for Co-Planar Grid (CPG) sensors is presented. The ASIC provides low-noise amplification of grids and cathode signals, difference between grid signals with adjustable relative gain, shaped signals with baseline stabilization, and timing signals. In the current version the peaking time of the shaped pulses is 5 mu s and the gain can be switched between 36mV/fC and 18mV/fC covering an energy range up to 3MeV. Designed in CMOS 0.251 mu m technology it dissipates 25mW from a single +2.5V supply. A description of the ASIC and the results of its characterization with CdZnTe CPG sensors are presented. The system is analyzed in terms of resolution, and the impact of the noise correlation due to the inter-grid capacitance is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 4350 EP 4354 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002106072 ER PT S AU Bell, ZW West, WG Pohl, KR van den Berg, L AF Bell, ZW West, WG Pohl, KR van den Berg, L BE Seibert, JA TI Monte Carlo analysis of a mercuric iodide neutron/gamma detector SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The response to neutrons of a 27 x 27 x 2.6 mm HgI2 detector covered on one face with a layer of boron was modeled with MCNP5 and MCNP-PoliMi. It was found that the detection of the 478 keV gamma ray from the B-10(n,alpha) and the 368 keV gamma ray from the Hg-199(n,alpha) could be used to estimate the average energy of incident neutrons and that these gamma rays could be used to distinguish between unmoderated radioactive and fission sources. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 4580 EP 4584 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002106124 ER PT B AU Atkins, K Homan, CM Marathe, A AF Atkins, K Homan, CM Marathe, A GP IEEE TI Physical clearing mechanisms in power industry SO 2004 IEEE PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL New York, NY SP IEEE PES ID MARKET; SPOT AB This paper studies the performance of several different physical clearing mechanisms in the electricity market. The study is done using the simulation tool, Marketecture, developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Two cities, Portland and Chicago, are used for simulating the physical clearing algorithms. The algorithms were chosen according to their ability to serve as a proxy for some of the well known policies. Our results show that, based on the economic measures chosen, both cities perform very similarly under the different physical clearing mechanisms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Atkins, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8718-X PY 2004 BP 947 EP 953 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBM13 UT WOS:000226108300157 ER PT B AU Yue, M Schlueter, R Azarm, MA Bari, R AF Yue, M Schlueter, R Azarm, MA Bari, R GP IEEE TI Multiple oscillation stabilizing control SO 2004 IEEE PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL New York, NY SP IEEE PES DE multiple bifurcations; local oscillation; interarea oscillation; overlapping bifurcation subsystem; mu-synthesis control design AB This paper presents a strategy that may be used to guide stabilizing control design for multiple oscillations, which are difficult to control using conventional control design procedures. A multiple oscillation phenomena is observed in an example power system. A local bifurcation and an interarea bifurcation develop in an example power system due to multiple bifurcation parameter variations. The dynamic behaviors of the bifurcating system are complex due to the overlapping of the two different bifurcation subsystems and are shown to be difficult to control. The double bifurcations are studied in this paper and in order to stabilize them, three kind of it-synthesis robust controls are designed, (a) mu-synthesis power system stabilizer (MPSS); (b) mu-synthesis SVC control (MSVC); and (c) a mixed MPSS/MSVC control. Based on the bifurcation subsystem analysis, the measurement signals and locations of the controls are selected. The control performances of three kind of controls are evaluated and compared. The conclusions are given according to the analysis and time simulation results. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yue, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8718-X PY 2004 BP 1044 EP 1049 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBM13 UT WOS:000226108300173 ER PT B AU Lu, N Chassin, DP Widergren, SE AF Lu, N Chassin, DP Widergren, SE GP IEEE TI Simulating price responsive distributed resources SO 2004 IEEE PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL New York, NY SP IEEE PES DE demand response; load model; load synthesis; thermostatically controlled appliance; system simulation; distributed energy resources AB Distributed energy resources (DER) include distributed generation, storage, and responsive demand. The integration of DER into the power system control framework is part of the evolutionary advances that allow these resources to actively participate in the energy balance equation. Price can provide a powerful signal for independent decision-making in distributed control strategies. To study the impact of price responsive DER on the electric power system requires generation and load models that can capture the dynamic coupling between the energy market and the physical operation of the power system in appropriate time frames. This paper presents modeling approaches for simulating electricity market price responsive DER, and introduces a statistical mechanics approach to modeling the aggregated response of a transformed electric system of pervasive, transacting DER. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, POB 999,MSIN K5-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8718-X PY 2004 BP 1538 EP 1543 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBM13 UT WOS:000226108300254 ER PT B AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, RG GP IEEE TI Transforming the US electricity system SO 2004 IEEE PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL New York, NY SP IEEE PES DE economics; home appliances; load management; network operating systems; power distribution; power generation dispatch; power transmission AB The smart electric power grid of the future will integrate the traditional elements of supply and demand, transmission and distribution with new technologies such as superconductors, energy storage, customer load management, and distributed generation, using information to make them function as a "society" of devices in a complex, integrated system. The vision for transforming the nation's electric system-from central generation down to customer appliances and equipment-into a collaborative network filled with information and a myriad of market-based opportunities-is being put forward by leading thinkers in the U.S Department of Energy, national laboratories, and industry as a major scientific and engineering challenge for the nation and as an important economic value proposition for ratepayers and the electric industry. An overview of this vision and some illustrative examples are the subjects of this paper. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K5-16, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8718-X PY 2004 BP 1655 EP 1660 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBM13 UT WOS:000226108300280 ER PT B AU Meyer, D AF Meyer, D GP ieee TI Overview of recommendations by US-Canada Task Force to prevent or minimize scope of future blackouts SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO C1 US DOE, Off Elect Transmiss & Distribut, Washington, DC USA. RP Meyer, D (reprint author), US DOE, Off Elect Transmiss & Distribut, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 579 EP 579 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300139 ER PT B AU Widergren, SE Roop, JM Guttromson, RT Huang, Z AF Widergren, SE Roop, JM Guttromson, RT Huang, Z GP ieee TI Simulating the dynamic coupling of market and physical system operations SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE adaptive systems; complexity theory; load modeling; power system simulation; power system economics AB As energy trading products cover shorter time periods and demand response programs move toward real-time pricing, financial market-based activity impacts ever more directly the physical operation of the system. To begin to under-stand the complex interactions between the market-driven operation signals, the engineered controlled schemes, and the laws of physics, new system modeling and simulation techniques must be explored. This discussion describes requirements for new simulation tools to address such market transaction control interactions and an approach to capture the dynamic coupling between energy markets and the physical operation of the power system appropriate for dispatcher reaction time frames. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Widergren, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K5-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 748 EP 753 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300182 ER PT B AU Huang, ZY Guttromson, RT Hauer, JF AF Huang, ZY Guttromson, RT Hauer, JF GP ieee TI Large-scale hybrid dynamic simulation employing field measurements SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE dynamic simulation; hybrid simulation; synchronized phasor measurements; PSLF/PSDS; WAMS AB Simulation and measurements are two primary ways for power engineers to gain understanding of system behaviors and thus accomplish tasks in system planning and operation. Many well-developed simulation tools are available in today's market. On the other hand, large amount of measured data can be obtained from traditional SCADA systems and currently fast growing phasor networks. However, simulation and measurement are still two separate worlds. There is a need to combine the advantages of simulation and measurements. In view of this, this paper proposes the concept of hybrid dynamic simulation which opens up traditional simulation by providing entries for measurements. A method is presented to implement hybrid simulation with PSLF/PSDS. Test studies show the validity of the proposed hybrid simulation method. Applications of such hybrid simulation include system event playback, model validation, and software validation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 1570 EP 1576 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300406 ER PT B AU Bain, RL AF Bain, RL GP ieee TI An overview of biomass combined heat and power technologies SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE biomass; combined heat and power; cofiring; combustion; gasification; life cycle analysis AB Biopower (biomass-to-electricity generation), a proven electricity generating option in the United States and with about 11 GW of installed capacity, is the single largest source of non-hydro renewable electricity. The electricity production from biomass is being used and is expected to continue to be used as base-load power in the existing electrical distribution system. A series of case studies will be discussed for the three conversion routes for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) applications of biomass-direct combustion, gasification, and co-firing. The cost of electricity and cost of steam as a function of variables such as plant size and feed cost are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Bain, RL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 1657 EP 1659 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300425 ER PT B AU Overend, RP AF Overend, RP GP ieee TI Biomass availability for biopower applications SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO AB The majority of biomass used today is a residue produced either in the primary or secondary processing industries, or as post consumer residues. Many of the industries that process wood or sugar cane are themselves significant consumers of energy in the form of process heat and electricity so that this is a sector with a considerable amount of rankine cycle combined heat and power (CHP) installations. However, many of them underutilize their residues. The advent of export markets for their electricity, due to liberalization and deregulation of electricity supplies, will lead to more efficient CHP installations; the significant energy efficiency measures in the plant operations will result in greater export of electricity. Post consumer residues, as urban wood and landfill gas, already make a significant power contribution in the United States, Europe and Japan. Large scale expansion will require increased harvest residue collection and use in the form of forest thinnings, wood slash, straws and stalks from cereal crops, as well as the development of energy crops. A U.S. supply curve for 2020 will be discussed with its approximately 450 million tonne (Mt) potential, as well as a U.S.A. stretch potential for the middle of the Century of a Gigatonne. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Overend, RP (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Overend, Ralph/0000-0002-5442-0890 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 1665 EP 1667 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300428 ER PT B AU Dagle, JE AF Dagle, JE GP ieee TI Data management issues associated with the august 14, 2003 blackout investigation SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE August 14 2003 blackout; data management; interconnected power systems; power system reliability AB The largest blackout in the history of the North American electric power grid occurred on August 14, 2003. An extensive investigation into what happened (and why) began immediately. The joint U.S. - Canada task force led the effort, including support from the electric utility industry and several federal agencies, e.g. the U.S. Department of Energy. The North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) supported the task force, including particularly the electricity working group. The overall blackout investigation team drew expertise from a large number of organizations, assembled into teams to address specific attributes of the blackout. This paper describes the data management issues associated with supporting the blackout investigation, beginning with the immediate response in the days and weeks following the blackout, supporting the interim report [1], to the long-term plans for deriving lessons learned for implementing improvements in the overall process of outage disturbance reporting. The sole focus of this paper is the electricity working group activities at NERC; the security and nuclear working groups are outside the scope of this paper. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dagle, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 1680 EP 1684 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300431 ER PT B AU Hauer, JF Bhatt, NB Shah, K Kolluri, S AF Hauer, JF Bhatt, NB Shah, K Kolluri, S GP ieee TI Performance of "WAMS East" in providing dynamic information for the north east blackout of August 14, 2003 SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE August 14 blackout; WAMS; phasor measurements; power system dynamics; power system reliability AB The blackout that impacted the U.S. and Canada on August 14, 2003, was notable for its extent, complexity, and impact. It triggered a massive review of operating records to determine what happened, why it happened, and how to avoid it in future operations. Much of this work was done at NERC7 level, through the U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force. Additional background information concerning the event was gathered together by a group of utilities that, collectively, have been developing a wide area measurement system (WAMS) for the eastern interconnection. Like its counterpart in the western interconnection, "WAMS East" has a primary backbone of synchronized phasor measurements that are continuously recorded at central locations. Operational data have been critical for understanding and responding to the August 14 Blackout. Records collected on WAMS East demonstrate the contributions that well synchronized data offer in such efforts, and the value of strategically located continuous recording systems to facilitate their integration. This paper examines overall performance of the WAMS East backbone, with a brief assessment of the technology involved. Later papers will provide a utility view of the NERC data review and its institutional implications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hauer, JF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 1685 EP 1690 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300432 ER PT B AU Yue, M Schlueter, R AF Yue, M Schlueter, R GP ieee TI mu-synthesis power system stabilizer design using a bifurcation subsystem based methodology SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yue, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 1711 EP 1711 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300437 ER PT B AU Kroposki, B Basso, T DeBlasio, R AF Kroposki, B Basso, T DeBlasio, R GP ieee TI Interconnection testing of distributed resources SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE dispersed storage and generation; power distribution; power system testing; power system transients; synchronous generators; test equipment; test facilities AB With the publication of IEEE 1547-2003 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, the electric power industry has a need to develop tests and procedures for verifying that interconnection equipment meets the technical requirements. A new standard IEEE P1547.1 is being written that will give detailed tests and procedures for confirming that equipment meets the interconnection requirements. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has been validating new test procedures that are being developed as part of IEEE P1547.1. As work progresses on the validation of the procedures, information and test reports are passed on to the working group of IEEE P1547.1 for changes to future revisions. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 1892 EP 1897 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300479 ER PT B AU Muljadi, E Wang, C Nehrir, MH AF Muljadi, E Wang, C Nehrir, MH GP ieee TI Parallel operation of wind turbine, fuel cell, and diesel generation sources SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE wind turbine; diesel; fuel cell; power generation; parallel operation; hybrid generation AB We investigated a small isolated hybrid power system that used a parallel combination of dispatchable and non-dispatchable power generation sources. The non-dispatchable generation came from a nature-dependent wind turbine, and the dispatchable generations were a fuel cell and a diesel generator. On the load side, the non-dispatchable portion was the village load, and the dispatchable portion was the energy storage, which could be in many different forms (e.g., space/water heater, electrolysis, battery charger, etc.) The interaction among different generation sources and the loads was investigated. Simulation results showed the effect of the proposed system on voltage and frequency fluctuations. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 1927 EP 1932 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300485 ER PT B AU Stevens, J AF Stevens, J GP ieee TI Development of sources and a testbed for CERTS Microgrid testing SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE distributed generation; distributed resource; islanding; Microgrid; microturbine AB The development of the CERTS Microgrid concept is discussed, in addition to discussion of modifications necessary to the controls of microsources (microturbines, for example) that are necessary for operation in the CERTS Microgrid. Also described is a testbed that will be constructed to test the CERTS Microgrid concept. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stevens, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 2032 EP 2033 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300504 ER PT B AU Gouge, MJ AF Gouge, MJ GP ieee TI Cryogenic cooling technology for HTS electric machinery SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE superconducting generator; superconducting motor; cryogenic cooling AB Cryogenic cooling options for High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) synchronous machines are outlined. Present electric machines use multiple Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocoolers coupled to the cold HTS field winding via convective How of single-phase, cold helium gas or two-phase neon. Pulse tube cryocoolers are an attractive future option due to their potential high reliability. Major performance issues include reliability, efficiency and cost. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Gouge, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Superconduct Grp, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 2049 EP 2051 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300510 ER PT B AU Bakke, PS AF Bakke, PS GP ieee TI An overview of department of energy superconducting partnership initiative projects SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE cable; flywheel; generator; motor; superconductivity; transformer AB An overview of the superconducting partnership initiative projects currently being funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE) will be presented with a focus on those projects that involve or support the electric power industry. C1 US DOE, Golden Field Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bakke, PS (reprint author), US DOE, Golden Field Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 2056 EP 2057 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300512 ER PT B AU James, DR Sauers, I AF James, DR Sauers, I GP ieee TI Electrical insulation materials for superconducting coil applications SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE dielectric breakdown; superconducting coils; partial discharges; cryogenics; epoxy resin insulation ID HIGH-VOLTAGE; INSULANTS; POLYMERS; CABLES AB The properties of electrical insulation materials at cryogenic temperatures required for High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) power apparatus can differ significantly from those for conventional equipment in several key areas. For solid insulation these areas include possible changes in dielectric strength, dielectric loss, aging mechanisms and characteristics, partial discharge, thermal compatibility, and mechanical properties. This paper will focus on an overview of cryogenic insulation issues relevant to HTS coil applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RP James, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 2062 EP 2064 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300514 ER PT B AU Flowers, L Baring-Gould, I AF Flowers, L Baring-Gould, I GP ieee TI Lessons learned by NRELs village power and rural energy program SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Flowers, L (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 2093 EP 2097 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300521 ER PT B AU Ohi, JM AF Ohi, JM GP ieee TI US DOE hydrogen code and standards program SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE hydrogen; fuel cells; infrastructure technologies; codes and standards AB The presentation will provide an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, and Infrastructure Technologies program with a focus on DOE's work to develop a unified domestic program and agenda for hydrogen codes and standards. This program involves the DOE, key standards development and model code development organizations, industry and industry associations, other federal agencies, and national laboratories. The paper will describe the objectives, approach, and major elements of this collaborative effort. Recent accomplishments and on-going activities will also be discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Ohi, JM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 2293 EP 2294 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300564 ER PT B AU McMahan, MA Leitner, D Gimpel, T Morel, J Ninemire, B Siero, R Silver, C Thatcher, R AF McMahan, MA Leitner, D Gimpel, T Morel, J Ninemire, B Siero, R Silver, C Thatcher, R GP ieee TI A 16 MeV/nucleon cocktail for heavy ion testing SO 2004 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop ( REDW) held in conjunction with the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 22, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE DE heavy ion facility; cocktail AB The Operations Group at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL has developed a new cocktail of heavy ions ranging from Z=7-36 at 16 MeV/nucleon, which provides LETS from 1-26 MeV/mg/cm(2) at ranges from > 500 mum for the lightest components down to 163 pm for krypton. This adds a more penetrating high-LET cocktail to the standard 4.5 MeV/nucleon and 10 MeV/nucleon cocktails presently available. When the new VENUS ion source is coupled to the Cyclotron in 2005, xenon will be available as well, at an LET of 48 MeV/mg/cm(2) and a range of 164 mum. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McMahan, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8697-3 PY 2004 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1109/REDW.2004.1352923 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBN14 UT WOS:000226254000029 ER PT B AU Chin, G Stephan, EG Klicker, KR Corrigan, AL Sofia, HJ AF Chin, G Stephan, EG Klicker, KR Corrigan, AL Sofia, HJ GP ieee computer society BE Bottoni, P Hundhausen, C Levialdi, S Tortora, G TI Supporting computational visual theories in biology SO 2004 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL LANGUAGES AND HUMAN CENTRIC COMPUTING: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human Centric Computing CY SEP 26-29, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Rome, Univ Salerno, Assoc Italiana Calcolo Automat, Comune Roma, Prov Roma AB At the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, the Visual Modeling Environment for Biology (VMEB) is being developed to allow biologists to construct visual representations of scientific concepts and theories. Unlike existing scientific visual modeling environments, VMEB captures and manages visual concepts and diagrams in a computational form that may be transferred across sessions, shared among collaborators, linked to external data sources, and searched against to identify relevant or matching information. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chin, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8696-5 PY 2004 BP 69 EP 71 DI 10.1109/VLHCC.2004.51 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBK53 UT WOS:000225881000012 ER PT S AU Telschow, KL AF Telschow, KL BE Yuhas, MP TI Material property measurement in hostile environments using laser acoustics SO 2004 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc ID OPTICAL-DETECTION; ULTRASOUND; WAVES AB Acoustic methods are well known and have been used to measure various intrinsic material properties, such as, elastic coefficients, density. crystal axis orientation, microstructural texture, and residual stress. Extrinsic properties, such as, dimensions, motion variables or temperature are all so readily, determined from acoustic methods. Laser acoustics, employing optical generation and detection of elastic waves, has a unique advantage over other acoustic methods-it is noncontacting, uses the sample surface itself for transduction, requires no couplant or invasive sample surface preparation and call be utilized in any! hostile environment allowing optical access to the sample surface. In addition, optical generation and detection probe beams call be focused to the micron scale and/or shaped to alter the transduction process with a degree of control not possible using contact transduction methods. Laser methods are amenable to both continuous wave and pulse-echo measurements and have been used from Hz to 100's of GHz (time scales from sec to psec) and with amplitudes sufficient to fracture materials. This paper reviews recent applications of laser acoustic methods for determining material properties in hostile environments that preclude the use of contacting transduction techniques. Example environments include high temperature (> 1000C) sintering and molten metal processing.. thin film deposition by plasma techniques. materials moving at high velocity, during the fabrication process and nuclear high radiation regions. Recent technological advances in solid-state lasers and telecommunications have greatly aided the development and implementation of laser acoustic methods, particularly at ultra high frequencies. Consequently. laser acoustic material property measurements exhibit high precision and reproducibility today. Optical acoustic imaging is both quantitative and rapid. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM telsch@inel.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 ULTRASON PY 2004 BP 662 EP 671 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Physics GA BCC37 UT WOS:000228557207159 ER PT B AU Jin, GJ Tang, HN AF Jin, GJ Tang, HN GP IEEE TI Control transmission pace at IP layer to avoid packet drop SO 2004 IEEE Workshop on IP Operations and Management Proceedings (IPOM 2004): SELF-MEASUREMENT & SELF-MANAGEMENT OF IP NETWORKS & SERVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on IP Operations and Management CY OCT 11-13, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Commun Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Inst Commun, Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun DE packet drop avoidance; PDA; loss; delay; network; bandwidth; measure; quality of service; QoS; performance AB dAvoiding packet loss is critical for time sensitive network applications, such as multimedia streams for video/voice. Delaying and dropping low priority packets to ensure high priority and time sensitive data stream deliver during network congestion is a basic QoS (quality of service) mechanism over current network infrastructure. This mechanism works if time sensitive data stream is the minority of the network traffic and if the network is not very congested. The methodology of dropping low priority data will not scale when time sensitive data stream uses high percentage of network bandwidth. This is because bandwidth required by video/audio applications can vary in very wide range when real-time data becomes majority network traffic, that is, television (TV), telephone, visual telephone, videoconferencing, gaming, and other video/audio based applications are all deployed on Internet. Then, what is the proper percentage of bandwidth to reserve? and which packets should be dropped if available bandwidth is less than demanding? A major issue is that letting bottleneck routers drop packets is not a proper methodology to guarantee quality of service. If packets cannot be delivered due to exhausted network bandwidth, these packets should be tossed as earlier as possible to reduce bandwidth waste or should be delayed at transmission hosts for later transmission. Also, applications should have right to selectively toss data for enhancing service quality, rather than let routers randomly drop packets. Therefore, mechanisms to avoid packet drop need to be deployed in Internet infrastructure. This paper studies how well priority (class) based traffic shaping can help time sensitive data delivery, addresses technology of packet drop avoidance (PDA), and shows how packet drop avoidance mechanism improves real-time applications' performance by reducing bandwidth waste, packet delay and loss. This paper then addresses why PDA should be deployed in Internet protocol (IP) layer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jin, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8836-4 PY 2004 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1109/IPOM.2004.1547593 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BDU15 UT WOS:000235357100010 ER PT S AU Underwood, KD Brightwell, R AF Underwood, KD Brightwell, R BE Eigenmann, R TI The impact of MPI queue usage on message latency SO 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 15-18, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ, McGill Univ ID NETWORK AB It is well known that traditional micro-benchmarks do not fully capture the salient architectural features that impact application performance. Even worse, micro-benchmarks that target MPI and the communications subsystem do not accurately represent the way that applications use MPI. For example, traditional MPI latency benchmarks time a ping-pong communication with one send and one receive on each of two nodes. The time to post the receive is never counted as part of the latency. This scenario is not even marginally representative of most applications. Two new micro-benchmarks are presented here that analyze network latency in a way that more realistically represents the way that MPI is typically used. These benchmarks are used to evaluate modem high-performance networks, including Quadrics, InfiniBand, and Myrinet. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Underwood, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 0-7695-2197-5 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2004 BP 152 EP 160 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAW07 UT WOS:000223861500018 ER PT B AU Azarm, MA Bari, R Yue, M AF Azarm, MA Bari, R Yue, M GP ieee TI Electrical substation reliability evaluation with emphasis on evolving interdependence on communication infrastructure SO 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROBABILISTIC METHODS APPLIED TO POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems CY SEP 12-16, 2004 CL Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ DE transmission reliability; fault trees; event trees; fault propagation; fault protection AB This study developed a probabilistic methodology for assessment of the reliability and security of electrical energy distribution networks. This included consideration of the future grid system, which will rely heavily on the existing digitally based communication infrastructure for monitoring and protection. Event tree and fault tree methods were utilized. The approach extensively modeled the types of faults that a grid could potentially experience, the response of the grid, and the specific design of the protection schemes. We demonstrated the methods by applying it to a small sub-section of a hypothetical grid based on an existing electrical grid system of a metropolitan area. The results showed that for a typical design that relies on communication network for protection, the communication network reliability could contribute significantly to the frequency of loss of electrical power. The reliability of the communication network could become a more important contributor to the electrical grid reliability as the utilization of the communication network significantly increases in the near future to support "smart" transmission and/or distributed generation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Azarm, MA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-9761319-1-9 PY 2004 BP 487 EP 491 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BBJ04 UT WOS:000225735200083 ER PT S AU Comstock, JM Ackerman, TP Turner, DD AF Comstock, JM Ackerman, TP Turner, DD BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Arm Raman lidar measurements of high ice supersaturation in cirrus clouds SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA ID WATER-VAPOR AB Water vapor amounts in the upper troposphere are crucial to understanding the radiative feedback of cirrus clouds on the Earth's climate. We use a unique, year-long dataset of water vapor mixing ratio inferred from ground-based Raman lidar measurements to examine the role of ice supersaturation in both cloudy and clear skies. We examine the variation of relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) with temperature and location within the cloud. We will also discuss the implications of these measurements to ice nucleation processes. Our results show that large ice supersaturation is common in cirrus clouds, which supports the theory of ice forming homogeneously. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Comstock, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 301 EP 303 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500074 ER PT S AU Stephens, JR Karl, RR Lettelier, BC Pope, PA AF Stephens, JR Karl, RR Lettelier, BC Pope, PA BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Using combined video and lidar techniques to map explosive debris plumes SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA AB We report here results from a program to monitor the formation and transport of explosive debris plumes using a combination of quantitative video imaging, using multiple cameras, and elastic lidar methods. The combination of video and lidar provides unique benefits for plume monitoring. During the early development and transport of the plume, typically a minute or so, the plume is visible and the cameras can provide high-resolution data on the plume location. During this time, however, the plume is typically opaque to the lidar and only the plume edge facing the lidar system can be mapped. After this initial period the plume becomes diffuse, and eventually sub-visible, allowing the elastic lidar to map the plume in three dimensions since the plume is transparent to the lidar pulses. Combining the two techniques allows comprehensive mapping of the plume from sub-second time scales, with the video imaging, to tens of minutes using the lidar system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Stephens, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, C ADI,MS J565, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 705 EP 707 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500172 ER PT S AU Ayyorgun, S Cruz, RL AF Ayyorgun, S Cruz, RL BE Titsworth, FM TI A service-curve model with loss and a multiplexing problem SO 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems CY MAR 24-26, 2004 CL Hachioji, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, Informat Proc Soc Japan ID NETWORKS AB We propose a new service model based on service curves, which has a loss aspect. In this model, instead of forcing all the packets to meet their deadlines assigned via a service curve, we allow some packets to be dropped. Specifically, the new model is based on guaranteeing at least a certain fraction of the all packets to meet their deadlines assigned via a service curve. The proposed model is composable. We find a necessary and sufficient condition to employ for an efficient Connection Admission Control at a multiplexer to deliver the services according to the new model, via a graph-theoretic approach. A scheduling algorithm to deliver the services as specified by the new service model, at a multiplexer, also exists. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res & Dev Adv Network Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ayyorgun, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res & Dev Adv Network Technol, POB 1663,MS D451, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6927 BN 0-7695-2086-3 J9 INT CON DISTR COMP S PY 2004 BP 756 EP 765 DI 10.1109/ICDCS.2004.1281644 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BY90M UT WOS:000189491700081 ER PT B AU Laney, D Pascucci, V AF Laney, D Pascucci, V BE Aloimonos, Y Taubin, G TI Progress compression of volumetrk subdivision on meshes SO 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON 3D DATA PROCESSING, VISUALIZATION, AND TRANSMISSION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission (3DPVI 2004) CY SEP 06-09, 2004 CL Thessaloniki, GREECE SP Univ Maryland Inst Adv Comp Studies, IEEE Comp Soc ID WAVELET AB We present a progressive compression technique for volumetric subdivision meshes based on the slow growing refinement algorithm. The system is comprised of a wavelet transform followed by a progressive encoding of the resulting wavelet coefficients. We compare the efficiency of two wavelet transforms. The first transform is based on the smoothing rules used in the slow growing subdivision technique. The second transform is a generalization of lifted linear B-spline wavelets to the same multi-tier refinement structure. Direct coupling with a hierarchical coder produces progressive bit streams. Rate distortion metrics are evaluated for both wavelet transforms. We tested the practical performance of the scheme on synthetic data as well as data from laser indirect-drive fusion simulations with multiple fields per vertex. Both wavelet transforms result in high quality trade off curves and produce qualitatively good coarse representations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dlaney@llnl.gov; pascucci1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2223-8 PY 2004 BP 680 EP 687 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBA99 UT WOS:000224459000089 ER PT S AU Holmes, VP Johnson, WR Miller, DJ AF Holmes, VP Johnson, WR Miller, DJ GP ieee computer society TI Integrating metadata tools with the data services archive to provide web-based management of large-scale scientific simulation data SO 37TH ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Simulation Symposium CY APR 18-22, 2004 CL Arlington, VA AB A Metadata tools system and a Data Services system are undergoing development and integration, at Sandia National Laboratories, to provide web-based access to high-performance computing clusters and its associated simulation data. These clusters host a set of scalable postprocessing applications for very large data manipulation, and the examination of results generated by high-fidelity simulations in support of the design to analysis process for ensuring safety and reliability of the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile. The primary subject of this work is the integration of Metadata tools with a Data Services Archiving capability, resulting in a service-oriented and web-based architecture, which provides end users the ability from their desktops to manage and understand simulation results for very large, complex problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holmes, VP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1080-241X J9 PROC ANNU SIMUL SYMP PY 2004 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1109/SIMSYM.2004.1299467 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAC50 UT WOS:000221538900009 ER PT B AU Cano, LA AF Cano, LA BE Sanson, LD TI Smart sensor integration into security networks SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB Sandia has been investigating the use of "intelligent sensors" and their integration into "Smart Networks" for security applications. Intelligent sensors include devices that assess various phenomenologies such as radiation, chem-bio agents, radars, and video/videomotion detection. The main problem experienced with these intelligent sensors is in integrating the output from these various sensors into a system that reports the data to users in a manner that enables an efficient response to potential threats. The overall systems engineering is a critical part of bringing these intelligent sensors on-line and is important to ensuring that these systems are successfully deployed. The systems engineering effort includes designing and deploying computer networks, interfaces to make systems interoperable, and training users to ensure that these intelligent sensors can be deployed properly. This paper focuses on Sandia's efforts to investigate the systems architecture for "smart" networks and the various interfaces required between "smart" sensors to implement these "Smart Networks." C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Engn Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cano, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Engn Grp, Dept 04131, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 82 EP 84 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405373 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100010 ER PT B AU Estes, B Pritchard, D AF Estes, B Pritchard, D BE Sanson, LD TI Managing system design requirements information SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan DE security; documents; requirements; databases AB Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Security Technology Department provides program support to design security systems and related improvements. During one of these projects, a relational database system was developed to categorize and to help cross match the requirements from several documents. A "Design Requirements" matrix was created that shows the requirements met by the improved security system. The system is flexible and easy-to-use. Even though it is only a prototype, the application's forms, queries, reports and the requirements data could be reused by other projects. The strengths of the system are the ability to use text searches of the database to aid in the categorization and customized reporting of the information from the requirements documents. A document's metaclata (e.g., name, chapter, section, paragraph, etc.) is stored with the related text in the database. The security classification and other information associated with a paragraph are included. User defined "Requirement Categories" (e.g., Alarms, Barriers, Fences, Standoff) can be assigned to appropriate paragraphs from the requirements document. Relevant design document paragraphs can be matched with the "Requirement Categories". Selected lines can be included or excluded from the reports. The resulting customized reports can be reported or exported as Excel or Rich Text Format files where additional formatting may be applied. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Estes, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0781, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405374 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100011 ER PT B AU Biringer, B AF Biringer, B BE Sanson, LD TI Risk assessment methodology for electric power transmission, RAM-T-SM SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB RAM-T-SM includes both a methodology and a training program for assessing the security risk for high voltage power transmission systems. The methodology is based on the traditional risk equation: (Likelihood of Attack) * (Consequence) * (1-SystemEffectiveness)= Risk A screening method is provided to help owners/operators prioritize their facilities and decide which require a full security risk assessment and warrant the expenditure of resources to perform it. The assessment process begins with a characterization of the facility including identification of the undesired events and the respective critical assets. Guidance for defining a design basis threat is included, as well as for using the definition of the threat together with the attractiveness of the target to estimate the likelihood of adversary attack at a specific facility. Relative values of consequence are estimated. Methods are also included for estimating the effectiveness of the security system against the adversary attack. Finally, relative risk is calculated. In the event that the value of risk is deemed to be unacceptable (too high), the methodology addresses a process for identifying and evaluating system upgrades in order to reduce risk. Upgrades include improving protection system effectiveness and/or mitigating consequences in order to reduce risk. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Biringer, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405376 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100013 ER PT B AU Jaeger, C AF Jaeger, C BE Sanson, LD TI Security risk assessment methodology for communities (RAM-C) SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a number of security risk assessment methodologies (RAMs) for various infrastructures including dams, water systems, electrical transmission, chemical facilities and communities. All of these RAMs consider potential malevolent attacks from different threats, possible undesired events and consequences and determine potential adversary success. They focus on the assessment of these infrastructures to help identify security weaknesses and develop measures to help mitigate the consequences from possible adversary attacks. This paper will focus on RAM-G, the security risk assessment methodology for communities. There are many reasons for a community to conduct a security risk assessment. They include: providing a way to identify vulnerabilities, helping a community to be better prepared in the event of an adversary attack, providing justification for resources to address identified vulnerabilities and planning for future projects. The RAM-C process is a systematic, risk-based approach to assess vulnerabilities and make decisions based on risk. It has provided valuable information to community planners in making security risk decisions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jaeger, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405377 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100014 ER PT B AU Ashby, R Pritchard, DA AF Ashby, R Pritchard, DA BE Sanson, LD TI Seeing beyond the perimeter: The Advanced Exterior Sensor (AES) SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB The system design of the Advanced Exterior Sensor (AES), test data and Sandia National Laboratories' current work on the AES is described. The AES integrates three sensor technologies (thermal infrared waveband, visible waveband, and microwave radar) in a Remote Sensor Module communicating with three motion detection target trackers and a sensor fusion software module in the Data Processor Module to achieve higher performance than single technology devices. Wide areas are covered by continuously scanning the three sensors 360 degrees in about one second. The images from the infrared and visible detector sets and the radar range data are updated as the sensors rotate each second. The radar provides range data with approximately one-meter resolution. Panoramic imagery is generated for immediate visual assessment of alarms using the Display Control Module. There is great potential for site security enhancement using the AES, which was designed for low-cost, easy use and rapid deployment to cover wide areas beyond typical perimeters, possibly in place of typical perimeter sensors, and for tactical applications around fixed or temporary high-value assets. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) systems have neither the three sensor technologies nor the imaging sensor resolution. Cost and performance will be discussed for different scenarios. Background: The AES was developed using approximately $4 million dollars of US Government (Defense Threat Reduction Agency and Air Force) funding before work was suspended in 1998. The DOE SO has resumed funding, with the objective of demonstrating the AES prototype to potential manufacturers who can make commercial units available to the DOE. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ashby, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405389 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100026 ER PT B AU Cooley, HT AF Cooley, HT BE Sanson, LD TI IEEE 802.11, OpenAir and HomeRF for 2.4 GHz spread-spectrum wireless data communication within a metal transportation vehicle SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB The proliferation of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and low-cost wireless communication technology has expanded into many new applications, many of which are relevant to the international security community. Although most applications of these new wireless technologies are for architectures typical of a business enterprise, the need to wirelessly monitor the transportation of nuclear materials inside a fully enclosed metal transportainer or vehicle is an important use. However, the complexity and changing performance of the different spread-spectrum protocols make a selection between these different wireless technologies difficult. The nature of the problem becomes complex within a highly RF-reflective metal trailer approximating a Faraday cage or metal box. The addition or removal of highly RF-reflective metal containers within this environment further complicates the wireless communication and causes the multipath environment to change. Tests were conducted for different wireless spread-spectrum communication technologies using worst-case scenarios for different configurations (numbers) of metal containers. This paper provides an evaluation of the results of these tests and compares the performance for IEEE 802.11, OpenAir, and HomeRF spread-spectrum protocols of a wireless communication environment typical of metal transportation vehicle which could used to transport nuclear materials. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cooley, HT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0780, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405394 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100031 ER PT B AU Pierson, LG Campbell, PL Eldridge, JM Robertson, PJ Tarman, TD Witzke, EL AF Pierson, LG Campbell, PL Eldridge, JM Robertson, PJ Tarman, TD Witzke, EL BE Sanson, LD TI Secure computing using cryptographic assurance of execution correctness SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan DE trusted objects; faithful execution; execution correctness; encryption; encrypted objects; secure computer architecture AB Current computing architectures are "inherently insecure" because they are designed to execute ANY arbitrary sequence of instructions. As a result they are subject to subversion by malicious code. Our goal is to produce a cryptographic method of "tamper-proofing" trusted code over a large portion of the software life cycle. We have developed a technique called "Faithful Execution", to cryptographically protect instruction sequences from subversion. This paper presents an overview of, and the lessons learned from, our implementations of Faithful Execution in a Java Virtual Machine prototype and also in a configurable soft-core processor implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lgpiers@sandia.gov; plcampb@sandia.gov; jmeldri@sandia.gov; pjrober@sandia.gov; tdtarma@sandia.gov; elwitzk@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405399 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100036 ER PT B AU Nelson, CL AF Nelson, CL BE Sanson, LD TI 3-Dimensional Video Motion Detection and assessment SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB The 3-Dimensional Video Motion Detection system (3DVMD) is a stand-alone sensor system developed at Sandia National Laboratories. It operates on a single PC platform and uses multiple cameras to monitor activity in predefined, 3-dimensional volumes of space. Detected activity is displayed on the PC monitor as an overlay to real-time video imagery. The basic sensor can provide switch closures for an interface to an Alarm Communications and Display (AC&D) system. High-level detection information relating to the size, location, and direction of motion of moving objects can be provided for assessment purposes. Using this high-level information, 3DVMD can be used to monitor individual items as well as track people within the monitored area. It can be used for two-man rule verification, process control, and the detection of anomalies during evacuation procedures. The 3DVMD system can be set up as an interior or exterior sensor. There are several benefits to the 3DVMD technology. 3DVMD is a passive security sensor. It provides high-level information (e.g., location, size, direction of motion) that can be used as an assessment aid in CCTV video, where it is often difficult to even see an intruder. Its detection volume is user-definable and remains static until changed by the user. This reduces vulnerabilities introduced by the variable detection envelope of other sensors. It has a reduced nuisance alarm rate as compared to traditional 2-dimensional video motion detection sensors. The technology also has built-in redundancy. If a camera fails, the system can adjust to operate without that camera, down to a minimum of two cameras. 3DVMD also has a selfassessment capability. Because CCTV sensors are an integral component of the 3DVMD system, the failure or tampering of any CCTV sensor is immediately identified. 3DVMD technology is ready to be fielded either as a stand-alone security system or as an integrated security system that provides switch closures to an existing AC&D system. Minimal software development is required to customize the technology for specific applications. Sandia is currently in the technology transfer process for the baseline 3DVMD technology. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nelson, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405408 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100045 ER PT B AU Russ, TD AF Russ, TD BE Sanson, LD TI 3D facial recognition: A quantitative analysis SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan ID DISTANCE; IMAGES AB Two-dimensional facial recognition has, traditionally, been an attractive biometric, however, the accuracy of 2D facial recognition (FR) is performance limited and insufficient when confronted with extensive numbers of people to screen and identify, and the numerous appearances that a 2D face can exhibit. In efforts to overcome many of the issues limiting 2D FR technology, researchers are beginning to focus their attention on 3D FR technology. In this paper, an analysis of a 3D FR system being developed at Sandia National Laboratories is performed. The study involves the use of 200 subjects on which verification (one-to-one) matches are performed using a single probe database (one correct match per subject) and 30 subjects on which identification matches are performed. The system is evaluated in terms of probability of detection (Pd) and probability of false accepts (FAR). The results presented will aid in providing an initial understanding of the performance of 3D FR. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Technol Dept 4138, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Technol Dept 4138, POB 5800,MS0780, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 338 EP 344 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405415 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100052 ER PT B AU Parmeter, JE AF Parmeter, JE BE Sanson, LD TI The challenge of standoff explosives detection SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB While there currently are a number of effective technologies and methodologies for explosive screening when close proximity to the person, package, or vehicle being screened is feasible, the problem of detecting explosives at significant standoff distances remains one of the most difficult - and most important - challenges confronting physical security specialists. Among the major detection techniques, trace detection suffers from the fact that available vapor plumes are normally too dilute for detection at appreciable standoff under all but the most favorable conditions, and probing bulk techniques suffer from an intrinsic 1/r(4) fall-off of the signal intensity with distance. Research into potential means of standoff detection is necessary to try to address this important problem. This paper presents an overview of detection technologies that could prove useful in certain standoff detection applications, along with comments on future research needs. A distinction will be made between remote detection, in which the personnel searching for explosives maintain a safe standoff distance from the object being screened but where a sampling and/or detection unit may approach the object closely, and true standoff detection, where both the personnel and the sampling/detection equipment maintain a large standoff distance C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 4148, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Parmeter, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 4148, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405418 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100055 ER PT B AU Baumann, MJ Hunter, JA Hannum, DW Horton, R AF Baumann, MJ Hunter, JA Hannum, DW Horton, R BE Sanson, LD TI Robohound (TM) remote explosives detection SO 38TH ANNUAL 2004 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 11-14, 2004 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ Taiwan AB With continued terrorist activities worldwide and the concern that explosive devices need to be detected in a variety of configurations while protecting individuals, there is a need to remotely detect potential explosive devices. Current handheld trace explosives detection sensors require the operator to stand within a few inches of a potential explosive device to ensure an adequate sample is collected. Because of the low vapor pressure of some explosives and the low vapor concentrations in airborne plumes emanating from a bulk explosive source, the sample collection method is critical when using an ion mobility spectrometer-based explosive detection sensor. The RoboHound(TM), a prototype remote trace explosive detection system, is under development at Sandia National Laboratories' to address this issue. The RoboHound(TM) was designed for primary use in emergency response situations and could also be used for some checkpoint screening applications. The prototype uses a wheeled robotic platform with a manipulator arm and custom software for robotic controls; a chemical sample collector and preconcentrator; and a commercial explosives detector. The integrated system allows an operator to maneuver the system into position while remaining up to 100 feet away from a suspect vehicle, package, or other object, and take a sample for analysis. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Entry Control & Contraband Detect Dept 4148, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baumann, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Entry Control & Contraband Detect Dept 4148, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8506-3 PY 2004 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1109/CCST.2004.1405419 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBD92 UT WOS:000225072100056 ER PT S AU Chanchani, R Bethke, DT Webb, DB Sandoval, C Wouters, G AF Chanchani, R Bethke, DT Webb, DB Sandoval, C Wouters, G GP IEEE TI Integrated substrate technology SO 54TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY FEB 03, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Elect Components Assembilies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE Comp Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB Advanced micro-systems for national security needs will require miniaturization and integration of RF, digital and analog electronics, optics and MEMS on a single substrate. To meets these demands we have developed an integrated substrate technology using Benzocyclobutene (BCB)/copper (Cu) with embedded thin film passive components. We have developed processes to fabricate BCB/Cu multilayer stack on silicon (Si), alumina (Al2O3) and Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) wafers. A multi-layer stack of 6 metal layers and 5 BCB layers using 5-micron and 10-micron thick photodefinable BCB dielectric and 2 to 3-micron thick Cu conductor have been demonstrated. The design rules for minimum featured size used were 30-micron vias on 50-micron pitch and 25-micron wide lines on 40-micron pitch. We have also fabricated embedded inductors, in-plane and in 3-dimension, ranging in values from 750 pH to 42 nH, embedded TaN thin-film resistors with DC values ranging from 10 Ohms to 10 KOhms and embedded capacitors ranging in values from 48 pF to 110 nF measured at 1 MHz and 100 MHz. We have designed, fabricated, characterized and simulated micro-strip lines in a RF module. The transmission losses range from 0.021 to 0.114 dB/mm. The return losses are 25.5 dB to 41 dB and VSWR range from 1.018 to 1.111. We are currently developing the next generation of miniaturized circuits called Integrated System-On-A-Chip. In this technology, Integrated Substrate Technology will be used to stack wafers in 3-D and to make electrical connections through the stacked wafers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Chanchani, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-8365-6 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2004 BP 1232 EP 1236 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2004.1320271 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBA04 UT WOS:000224340900193 ER PT B AU Mao, LY Resat, H AF Mao, LY Resat, H BE Callaos, N Horimoto, K Chen, J Chan, AKS TI Identifying DNA binding motifs by combining data from different sources SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VII, PROCEEDINGS: APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATICS AND CYBERNETICS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE transcription factor; DNA binding sequence; gene regulation; clustering; microarray ID RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES 2.4.1; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION SYSTEM; GENE-EXPRESSION; OLIGOMERIC STATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CAPSULATUS; FIXATION AB A transcription factor regulates the expression of its target genes by binding to their operator regions. It functions by affecting the interactions between RNA polymerases and the gene's promoter. Many transcription factors bind to their targets by recognizing a specific DNA sequence pattern, which is referred to as a consensus sequence or a motif. Since it would remove the possible biases, combining biological data from different sources can be expected to improve the quality of the information extracted from the biological data. We analyzed the microarray gene expression data and the organism's genome sequence jointly to determine the transcription factor recognition sequences with more accuracy. Utilizing such a data integration approach, we have investigated the regulation of the photosynthesis genes of the purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The photosynthesis genes in this organism are tightly regulated as a function of environmental growth conditions by three major regulatory systems, PrrB/PrrA, AppA/PpsR and FnrL. In this study, we have detected a previously undefined PrrA consensus sequence, improved the previously known DNA-binding motif of PpsR, and confirmed the consensus sequence of the global regulator FnrL. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biosci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mao, LY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biosci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BBT31 UT WOS:000227682900032 ER PT B AU Donald, S Bott, TF Eisenhawer, SW AF Donald, S Bott, TF Eisenhawer, SW BE Callaos, N Bemley, J Tsuji, H Nomura, S Choo, J TI Representing subjective knowledge in engineering systems using possibility trees SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL X, PROCEEDINGS: SYSTEMICS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE subjective knowledge; possibility trees; logic gates; scenarios AB Representation of knowledge in a complex system can be a challenging task, particularly when the structure of the system is novel or evolving. In such instances, understanding the system may be mostly subjective. Subjective system knowledge can be very useful in analyzing system behavior if a suitable means is developed to extract what information does exist and represent it coherently. As the novelty and complexity of the system increases, the need to organize and represent subjective knowledge increases rapidly. To be maximally useful, subjective knowledge should be represented using a structure that (1) is sufficiently flexible to accommodate the various forms of information that may be encountered, (2) provides a logical organization of the information, and (3) adheres to a set of formal rules. A logic-gate tree provides such a structure-large amounts of information from diverse sources can be organized in a structured form with complex relationships between pieces of information (hereafter called elements") represented by logic gates. Using this structure, the collected information can be combined algorithmically to generate knowledge about complex aspects of the behavior of the system that would be difficult to divine using less-structured approaches. This paper presents the theory and underlying motivations of a possibility tree, along with a few representative examples to illustrate the application of the tree to real-world systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Donald, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BBT37 UT WOS:000227687500050 ER PT B AU Wilson, M Nandy, P Post, BN Smith, JL Wehlburg, JC AF Wilson, M Nandy, P Post, BN Smith, JL Wehlburg, JC BE Callaos, N Chambah, M Gaburro, Z Loutfi, M TI A hybrid classification algorithm for segmenting clouds from multispectral thermal images SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XII, PROCEEDINGS: APPLICATIONS OF CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS IN OPTICS, SIGNALS, SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE segmentation; image classification; band reduction; MTI; IR; cloud masking AB This paper reports on a novel approach to atmospheric cloud segmentation from a space based multispectral pushbroom satellite system. The algorithm consists of a hybrid-classification system in the sense that supervised and unsupervised networks are used in conjunction. The approach uses cloud and ground signatures as derived from 15 scenes which contain an assortment of climate, land, and cloud variations. In total 27 prototypes are used for the supervised portion of the classification. For performance evaluation, a series of numerical comparisons to human derived cloud borders were performed. A set of 40 scenes was selected to represent various climate zones with different land cover from around the world. These images contained several classes of varying cloud coverage (0% - 100%) and cloud types. A classification rate of 90% was found when using one short wave infrared (IR) band and one mid-wave IR band. A sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 90% were reported as well. A noise analysis was performed by adding Gaussian noise to the bands at SNRs ranging from 0dB to -30dB. Using two bands the algorithm produced a 66% classification rate at -30dB and a 75% rate at 0dB. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBT41 UT WOS:000227690500032 ER PT B AU Ben-Zvi, I AF Ben-Zvi, I BE Chao, AW Moser, HO Zhao, Z TI Photoinjectors SO ACCELERATOR PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd OCPA International Accelerator School CY 2002 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Singapore Lee Fdn, Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Singapore Buddhist Lodge, M&W Zander, Munich, ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach, S E Asia Theoret Phys Assoc, World Sci Publishing Co Ltd ID GUN EMITTANCE CORRECTION; HIGH-DUTY FACTOR; HIGH-BRIGHTNESS; ELECTRON-GUN; RF; LASER; INJECTOR; DESIGN; DRIVEN; PHOTOEMISSION AB Photoinjectors, or laser photocathode RF guns, are electron sources of exceptional high brightness. High brightness electron pulses are critical for certain applications such as free-electron lasers. In this article I review a bit of the development of the photoinjectors, critical issues in the physics of these devices and technological aspects. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ben-Zvi, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept Bldg 817, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-794-3 PY 2004 BP 158 EP 175 DI 10.1142/9789812702807_0007 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BCL67 UT WOS:000229931100007 ER PT B AU Teng, LC AF Teng, LC BE Chao, AW Moser, HO Zhao, Z TI Synchrotron radiation SO ACCELERATOR PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd OCPA International Accelerator School CY 2002 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Singapore Lee Fdn, Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Singapore Buddhist Lodge, M&W Zander, Munich, ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach, S E Asia Theoret Phys Assoc, World Sci Publishing Co Ltd AB As early as 1900, immediately after the pioneer formulation by Lienard and Wiechert of the retarded potentials of a point charge (electron), calculations of the characteristics of the radiation from an accelerated electron or electron beam have been performed. But it was not until 1947 when John Blewett actually observed the synchrotron radiation from the beam in the 70-MeV General Electric electron synchrotron, the phenomenon was accepted as physical reality instead of some interesting mathematical deduction. It was soon recognized that the synchrotron radiation provides an extremely brilliant photon beam over a very broad frequency range from infrared to hard x-ray, and hence makes an ideal tool for use in extranuclear research. By the end of the twentieth century there were dozens of electron storage rings operated around the world at energies from a few hundred MeV to 8 GeV for experiments. Here we will study first the properties of the synchrotron radiation and then the effects of the emission of synchrotron radiation on the electron beam. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Teng, LC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-794-3 PY 2004 BP 176 EP 204 DI 10.1142/9789812702807_0008 PG 29 WC Optics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BCL67 UT WOS:000229931100008 ER PT B AU Chou, WR AF Chou, WR BE Chao, AW Moser, HO Zhao, Z TI Spallation neutron source and other high intensity proton sources SO ACCELERATOR PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd OCPA International Accelerator School CY 2002 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Singapore Lee Fdn, Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Singapore Buddhist Lodge, M&W Zander, Munich, ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach, S E Asia Theoret Phys Assoc, World Sci Publishing Co Ltd AB This lecture is an introduction to the design of a spallation neutron source and other high intensity proton sources. It discusses two different approaches: linac-based and synchrotron-based. The requirements and design concepts of each approach are presented. The advantages and disadvantages are compared. A brief review of existing machines and those under construction and proposed is also given. An R&D program is included in an appendix. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chou, WR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-794-3 PY 2004 BP 231 EP 255 DI 10.1142/9789812702807_0010 PG 25 WC Optics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BCL67 UT WOS:000229931100010 ER PT B AU Teng, LC AF Teng, LC BE Chao, AW Moser, HO Zhao, Z TI Emittance and cooling SO ACCELERATOR PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd OCPA International Accelerator School CY 2002 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Singapore Lee Fdn, Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Singapore Buddhist Lodge, M&W Zander, Munich, ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach, S E Asia Theoret Phys Assoc, World Sci Publishing Co Ltd C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Teng, LC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-794-3 PY 2004 BP 394 EP 414 DI 10.1142/9789812702807_0015 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BCL67 UT WOS:000229931100015 ER PT B AU Yu, LH AF Yu, LH BE Chao, AW Moser, HO Zhao, Z TI High gain free electron lasers SO ACCELERATOR PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd OCPA International Accelerator School CY 2002 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Singapore Lee Fdn, Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Singapore Buddhist Lodge, M&W Zander, Munich, ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach, S E Asia Theoret Phys Assoc, World Sci Publishing Co Ltd ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; GENERATION; RADIATION; REGIME; FEL C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, 725C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-794-3 PY 2004 BP 571 EP 590 DI 10.1142/9789812702807_0021 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BCL67 UT WOS:000229931100021 ER PT J AU Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Sauter, NK Adams, PD AF Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Sauter, NK Adams, PD TI Numerically stable algorithms for the computation of reduced unit cells SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID BRAVAIS LATTICE AB The computation of reduced unit cells is an important building block for a number of crystallographic applications, but unfortunately it is very easy to demonstrate that the conventional implementation of cell reduction algorithms is not numerically stable. A numerically stable implementation of the Niggli-reduction algorithm of Krivy & Gruber [ Acta Cryst. ( 1976), A32, 297 - 298] is presented. The stability is achieved by consistently using a tolerance in all roating- point comparisons. The tolerance must be greater than the accumulated rounding errors. A second stable algorithm is also presented, the minimum reduction, that does not require using a tolerance. It produces a cell with minimum lengths and all angles acute or obtuse. The algorithm is a simplified and modified version of the Buerger-reduction algorithm of Gruber [Acta Cryst. (1973), A29, 433 - 440]. Both algorithms have been enhanced to generate a change-of-basis matrix along with the parameters of the reduced cell. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grosse-Kunstleve, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 4R0230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01GM063210, 1P50GM62412] NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1107/S010876730302186X PN 1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 756ZH UT WOS:000187515300001 PM 14691322 ER PT J AU Jauch, W Reehuis, M Schultz, AJ AF Jauch, W Reehuis, M Schultz, AJ TI gamma-ray and neutron diffraction studies of CoF2: magnetostriction, electron density and magnetic moments SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; CHARGE-DENSITY; FEF2; ENERGY; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; EXTINCTION; ANISOTROPY; CRYSTALS; ATOMS AB Accurate structure factors up to sin theta/lambda = 1.6 Angstrom(-1) have been measured with 316.5 keV gamma-rays from CoF2, both at room temperature and in the antiferromagnetic state at 10 K. The same crystal was used to collect extended time-of-flight neutron diffraction data in the two magnetic states, which allowed an accurate determination of the fluorine positional parameter. For room temperature, the standard structural parameters are reported. At 10 K, a complete charge-density study has been carried out. The total number of 3d electrons on Co is found to be 6.95 (3). The experimental populations of the d orbitals agree with expectation from crystal field theory. The fluorine valence region exhibits a strong dipolar deformation. Electronic properties at the bond critical points and integrated atomic properties are derived from the static model electron density, revealing the Co-F interactions as purely ionic. On magnetic ordering, a shift of the fluorine ions of 1.5 (4) x 10(-3) Angstrom is found which confirms a prediction from theory of optical birefringence. The effect of magnetostriction on the distortion of the ligand coordination octahedra is compared for the late members of the 3d transition-metal difluorides. From neutron powder diffraction, an ordered magnetic moment of 2.60 (4) mu(B) per cobalt ion is found. Despite the strong deviation from the ideal spin value of 3 mu(B), there is still an appreciable orbital contribution to the local magnetic moment. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Univ Augsburg, EKM, Inst Phys, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jauch, W (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM jauch@hmi.de RI Reehuis, Manfred/J-3383-2013 OI Reehuis, Manfred/0000-0002-6461-4074 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1107/S0108767303022803 PN 1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 756ZH UT WOS:000187515300006 PM 14691327 ER PT J AU Lee, WK Cloetens, P Schlenker, M AF Lee, WK Cloetens, P Schlenker, M TI Dispersion corrections of the copper K edge measured by Fresnel diffraction SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS-SCATTERING FACTORS; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; LITHIUM-FLUORIDE; F'(E); NI AB Dispersion corrections to the atomic scattering factors for the copper K edge have been measured by a new technique, Fresnel diffraction. Fresnel diffraction fringes were measured at several sample - detector distances as a function of energy across the copper K-absorption edge. The dispersion corrections were obtained from optimizing a least-squares fit of Fresnel fringe simulations to the measured data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. CNRS, Lab Louis Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Lee, WK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1107/S0108767303024504 PN 1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 756ZH UT WOS:000187515300007 PM 14691328 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Geiser, U AF Schlueter, JA Geiser, U TI Potassium carbamoyldicyanomethanide SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CARBAMYLDICYANOMETHANIDE ANION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; COMPLEX; FRAMEWORKS; CDM AB The crystal structure of the title compound, K[(CN)(2)CC(O)NH2)] or K+.C4H2N3O-, conventionally abbreviated as Kcdm, where cdm is carbamoyldicyanomethanide, is described. The bond lengths and angles of the cdm cation are comparable to those reported previously for [M(cdm)(2)(H2O)(4)].2H(2)O (M=Ni, Mn and Co). The K atoms are coordinated to four nitrile N atoms and two carbonyl O atoms in a distorted trigonal prismatic fashion, with two further N atoms semicoordinated through the centers of two prism side faces. This coordination leads to the formation of mixed anion-cation sheets parallel to the ab plane, which are joined together via hydrogen-bonding interactions. The cdm anion is potentially useful for the formation of transition metal coordination polymers, in which magnetic superexchange could occur through a bidentate cdm bridge. Kcdm provides a model compound by which the molecular geometry of the cdm anion can be analyzed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaschlueter@anl.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0108-2701 EI 1600-5759 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 BP M10 EP M12 DI 10.1107/S0108270103026568 PN 1 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 762UJ UT WOS:000188000300008 PM 14712021 ER PT J AU Li, XM Langan, P Bau, R Tsyba, I Jenney, FE Adams, MWW Schoenborn, BP AF Li, XM Langan, P Bau, R Tsyba, I Jenney, FE Adams, MWW Schoenborn, BP TI W3Y single mutant of rubredoxin from Pyrococcus furiosus: a preliminary time-of-flight neutron study SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM; PROTEIN; THERMOSTABILITY; TEMPERATURE; RESOLUTION AB Rubredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus maintains its native structure at high temperatures ( 373 K). In order to investigate the role of hydrogen bonding, hydration and chain dynamics in this thermostability, wavelength-resolved Laue neutron diffraction data have been collected from the W3Y single mutant (Trp3 --> Tyr3) on the spallation neutron protein crystallography station (PCS) at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Data were measured at room temperature from nine crystal settings, each of approximately 12 h duration. The total data-measurement period was less than 5 d from a single crystal that had undergone H2O/D2O exchange. The nominal resolution of the data is 2.1 Angstrom C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI li, xinmin/C-6173-2011; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 BP 200 EP 202 DI 10.1107/S0907444903024041 PN 1 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 755JF UT WOS:000187399200046 PM 14684930 ER PT J AU Bazilevsky, A AF Bazilevsky, A CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Global observables at PHENIX SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE heavy ion; nuclear dynamics; particle multiplicity; transverse energy ID ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; AU-AU COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; ENERGY; MODEL AB We present PHENIX recent results on charged particle and transverse energy densities measured at mid-rapidity in Au-Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV and 200 GeV over a broad range of centralities. The mean transverse energy per charged particle is derived. The first PHENIX measurements at rootS(NN) = 19.6 GeV are also presented. A comparison with calculations from various theoretical models is performed. C1 RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Bazilevsky, A (reprint author), RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.2 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700002 ER PT J AU Debbe, R AF Debbe, R CA BRAHMS Collaboration TI The naive parton model and BRAHMS measurements SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE BRAHMS; parton ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB The Naive Parton Model is revisited in conjunction with some data collected with BRAHMS spectrometers at RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Debbe, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.4 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700004 ER PT J AU Videbaek, F AF Videbaek, F CA BRAHMS Collaboration TI Proton and antiproton distributions at RHIC SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE heavy ion collisions; nuclear stopping; baryon distributions ID ROOT-S-NN=200 GEV; COLLISIONS; AU+AU; YIELDS; MODEL AB Properties of transverse momentum spectra and rapidity dependence of protons and antiprotons in Au-Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 200 GeV are discussed. The net-proton yields are approximately constant at \y\ < 1 and increases towards y approximate to 3. The mean rapidity loss is estimated to be in the range of 1.9 < deltay < 2.4. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Videbaek, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.6 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700006 ER PT J AU Back, BB AF Back, BB TI Transverse momenta of high-eta charged particles emitted in Au+Au collisions SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE relativistic heavy-ion collisions; energy conservation; transverse momentum AB This work demonstrates that the mean transverse momentum of charged particles at large pseudo-rapidities can be reliably derived from measurements of the complete charged-particle multiplicity distributions and using information from measurements of P-T spectra at mid-rapidity by applying energy conservation requirements. As an example, the mean PT of charged particles emitted at eta = 4.6 is found to be = 0.305 GeV/c for the 0-3% most central Au+Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.7 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700007 ER PT J AU Ullrich, TS AF Ullrich, TS CA STAR Collaboration TI Characteristics of charged particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE mean transverse momentum; heavy-ion collisions ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; MULTIPLICITIES; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRA AB Inclusive spectra of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV and 200 GeV were measured with the STAR detector at RHIC. The measured mean transverse momentum shows a characteristic dependence on charged particle multiplicity and beam energy in Au+Au collisions that is distinctly different from pp, p (p) over bar and e(+)e(-) collisions. A 32% +/- 3%(syst) increase in from pp to Au+Au collisions was observed at 200 GeV. While the charged multiplicity was found to increase by 19% +/- 5%(syst) from rootS(NN) = 130 GeV to 200 GeV, no significant difference in was found between the two energies. A comparison with model predictions is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.8 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700008 ER PT J AU Paech, K Dumitru, A Schaffner-Bielich, J Schramm, S Stocker, H Zeeb, G Zschiesche, D AF Paech, K Dumitru, A Schaffner-Bielich, J Schramm, S Stocker, H Zeeb, G Zschiesche, D TI Particle ratios from a chiral SU(3) model SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE particle ratios; in-medium effects ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; HADRON MASSES; PLASMA AB The measured particle ratios in central heavy-ion collisions are investigated within a chemical and thermal equilibrium chiral SU(3) sigma - omega approach. Contrary to the commonly adopted non-interacting gas calculations, the chiral SU(3) model predicts modified effective hadron masses and effective chemical potentials in the medium and a transition to a chirally restored phase at high temperatures or chemical potentials. The influence of three different types of phase transitions is investigated. We show that the deduced freeze-out values considerably depend on the underlying model while the quality of the fit is approximately the same. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Paech, K (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Postfach 11 19 32, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.9 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700009 ER PT J AU Dunlop, JC AF Dunlop, JC CA STAR Collaboration TI Charged hadron suppression in Au plus Au collisions at high (PT) from STAR SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE particle and resonance production; relativistic heavy-ion collisions ID AU+AU COLLISIONS; QCD; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA AB We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production in Au+Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 200 GeV and 130 GeV. A large, approximately constant hadron suppression is observed in central Au+Au collisions for 5 i p(T) i 12 GeV/c. The collision energy dependence of the yields and the centrality and PT dependence of the suppression provide stringent constraints on theoretical models of suppression. Models incorporating initial-state gluon saturation or partonic energy loss in dense matter are largely consistent with observations. The p(T)-dependent suppression expected from models incorporating jet attenuation in cold nuclear matter or absorption of fragmentation hadrons is not observed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Dunlop, JC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.18 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700018 ER PT J AU Koch, V Majumder, A AF Koch, V Majumder, A TI Equilibrium in heavy ion collisions SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE heavy ion collision; equilibrium; correlations AB We discuss the question of equilibration in heavy ion collisions and how it can be addressed in experiment. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.27 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700027 ER PT J AU Arrington, J AF Arrington, J TI Do ordinary nuclei contain exotic states of matter? SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE QCD in nuclei; nuclear structure functions; short range correlations ID SCATTERING; ELECTRON AB The strongly repulsive core of the short-range nucleon-nucleon interaction leads to the existence of high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. Inclusive electron scattering can be used to probe these high-momentum nucleons and study the nature of the corresponding short-range correlations in nuclei. With recent data from Jefferson Lab we have begun to map out the strength of two-nucleon correlations in nuclei, while upcoming experiments should allow us to isolate the presence of multi-nucleon correlations. In addition to their importance in describing nuclear structure, these configurations of correlated nucleons represent high-density 'droplets' of hadronic matter. As the density of hadronic matter increases there should be a weakening of quark confinement, similar to the onset of deconfinement expected at extremely high temperatures. While there have been hints of non-hadronic structure in nuclei, future measurements will allow us to directly probe the quark distributions of high-density configurations in nuclei. A modified quark structure in these closely packed nucleons would provide a clear signature of exotic components to the structure of nuclei. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.30 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700030 ER PT J AU Erazmus, B Kisiel, A Renault, G Retiere, F Szarwas, P AF Erazmus, B Kisiel, A Renault, G Retiere, F Szarwas, P CA STAR Collaboration TI Non-identical particle correlations in STAR SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA A-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 08-15, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO DE heavy-ion collisions; non-identical particle correlations ID COLLISIONS AB The correlation function of non-identical particles is sensitive to the relative space-time asymmetries in particle emission. Analysing pion-kaon, pion-proton and kaon-proton correlation functions, measured in the Au+Au collisions by the STAR experiment at RHIC, we show that pions, kaons and protons are not emitted at the same average space-time coordinates. The shifts between pion, kaon and proton sources are consistent with the picture of a transverse collective flow. Results of the first measurement of proton-lambda correlations at STAR are in agreement with recent CERN and AGS data. C1 Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Lab Phys Subatom & Technol Associees, IN2P3,CNRS,Ecole Mines Nantes, F-44307 Nantes 03, France. Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Phys, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Erazmus, B (reprint author), Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Lab Phys Subatom & Technol Associees, IN2P3,CNRS,Ecole Mines Nantes, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler, F-44307 Nantes 03, France. RI Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015 OI Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG A JI Acta Phys Hung. A-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1556/APH.21.2004.2-4.33 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875HK UT WOS:000225410700033 ER PT J AU Burvenich, T Cornelius, T Sulaksono, A Maruhn, JA Greiner, W Madland, DG Reinhard, PG Schramm, S AF Burvenich, T Cornelius, T Sulaksono, A Maruhn, JA Greiner, W Madland, DG Reinhard, PG Schramm, S TI Application and extrapolation of mean-field models in the heavy and superheavy regions SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superheavy nuclei; mean-field models ID NUCLEI; HYPERHEAVY; STABILITY; FORCES AB Mean-field models have been quite successful in the description of bulk nuclear properties and the shell structure, so that they provide an attractive basis for the extrapolation of nuclear structure to the boundaries of the periodic system. We have investigated the performance of both Skyrme-force and relativistic mean-field models for a larger sample of experimentally well known nuclei by comparing the predictions of various parameter sets corresponding to different versions of the models or simply distinguished by the data used for their fitting. This allows a critical evaluation of the uncertainty of extrapolation. The calculations show that while all parametrizations produce acceptable results in known nuclei, even the major magic shells predicted for the superheavy region depend on the choice of parameter set. The exact formulation and strength of the spin-orbit force appear to be the decisive factor. In addition a new formulation and parametrization of the relativistic point-coupling model with derivative and nonlinear terms is also discussed. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Burvenich, T (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1556/APH.19.2004.1-2.23 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 843HU UT WOS:000223070100023 ER PT J AU Scheidenberger, C Attallah, F Beckert, K Beller, P Bosch, F Boutin, D Eickhoff, H Faestermann, T Falch, M Franczak, B Franzke, B Geissel, H Hausmann, M Hellstrom, M Kaza, E Kerscher, T Klepper, O Kluge, HJ Koyama, R Kozhuharov, C Kratz, KL Litvinov, YA Lobner, K Maier, L Matos, M Munzenberg, G Nolden, F Novikov, YN Ohtsubo, T Ostrowski, A Ozawa, A Patyk, Z Pfeiffer, B Portillo, M Quint, W Radon, T Shishkin, V Stadlmann, J Steck, M Summerer, K Suzuki, T Trzhaskovskaja, MB Vieira, DJ Watanabe, S Weick, H Winkler, M Wollnik, H Yamaguchi, T AF Scheidenberger, C Attallah, F Beckert, K Beller, P Bosch, F Boutin, D Eickhoff, H Faestermann, T Falch, M Franczak, B Franzke, B Geissel, H Hausmann, M Hellstrom, M Kaza, E Kerscher, T Klepper, O Kluge, HJ Koyama, R Kozhuharov, C Kratz, KL Litvinov, YA Lobner, K Maier, L Matos, M Munzenberg, G Nolden, F Novikov, YN Ohtsubo, T Ostrowski, A Ozawa, A Patyk, Z Pfeiffer, B Portillo, M Quint, W Radon, T Shishkin, V Stadlmann, J Steck, M Summerer, K Suzuki, T Trzhaskovskaja, MB Vieira, DJ Watanabe, S Weick, H Winkler, M Wollnik, H Yamaguchi, T TI Study of basic nuclear properties of highly-charged, unstable nuclei at the SIS-FRS-ESR complex SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL STORAGE-RING; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-DECAY; ISOTOPES AB Recent progress in experiments with exotic nuclear beams at the SIS-FRS-ESR facility is summarized. New results on gross properties of exotic nuclei like binding energy, half-lives, and decay modes are presented. A brief outlook to future experiments is given. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys E12, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 2, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Scheidenberger, C (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Matos, Milan/G-6947-2012; Novikov, Iurii/M-7784-2013; OI Matos, Milan/0000-0003-1722-9509; Novikov, Iurii/0000-0002-5369-7142; Faestermann, Thomas/0000-0002-6603-8787 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1556/APH.19.2004.1-2.27 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 843HU UT WOS:000223070100027 ER PT J AU Zachos, CK Curtright, TL AF Zachos, CK Curtright, TL TI Deformation quantization, superintegrability and Nambu mechanics SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wigner Centennial Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL PECS, HUNGARY DE deformation quantization; superintegrability; Nambu Brackets ID DYNAMICAL SYMMETRIES; SPHERICAL GEOMETRY; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; EXACT SOLVABILITY; SYSTEMS; MODEL; SPACE AB Phase Space is the framework best suited for quantizing superintegrable systems-systems with more conserved quantities than degrees of freedom. In this quantization method, the symmetry algebras of the hamiltonian invariants are preserved most naturally. We illustrate the power and simplicity of the method through new applications to nonlinear sigma-models, specifically for Chiral Models and de Sitter N-spheres, where the symmetric quantum hamiltonians amount to compact and elegant expressions, in accord with the Groenewold-van Hove theorem. Additional power and elegance is provided by the use of Nambu Brackets (linked to Dirac Brackets) involving the extra invariants of superintegrable models. The quantization of Nambu Brackets is then successfully compared to that of Moyal, validating Nambu's original proposal, while invalidating other proposals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Zachos, CK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI zachos, cosmas/C-4366-2014; Curtright, Thomas/B-6840-2015; OI zachos, cosmas/0000-0003-4379-3875; Curtright, Thomas/0000-0001-7031-5604 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1556/APH.19.2004.3-4.5 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 843HW UT WOS:000223070300005 ER PT J AU Volya, A Zelevinsky, V AF Volya, A Zelevinsky, V TI Order generated by random many-body dynamics SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wigner Centennial Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL PECS, HUNGARY DE nuclear structure; quantum chaos; random interactions ID SPECTRA AB New features related to collective properties generated in the systems driven by random dynamics are observed and their implications for further understanding of interplay between coherence and chaos are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Volya, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Volya, Alexander/I-9457-2012 OI Volya, Alexander/0000-0002-1765-6466 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1556/APH.19.2004.3-4.10 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 843HW UT WOS:000223070300010 ER PT J AU Lovas, RG Varga, K Suzuki, Y AF Lovas, RG Varga, K Suzuki, Y TI Description of nuclei in terms of their substructures SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wigner Centennial Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL PECS, HUNGARY DE few-body systems; cluster models; halo nuclei ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; LI-11; MODEL AB Applications of a microscopic approach of nuclear physics to an alpha+t+n+n+n+n cluster model of Li-11 and to a six-body treatment of Li-6 are presented. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. RP Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, POB 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1556/APH.19.2004.3-4.27 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 843HW UT WOS:000223070300027 ER PT J AU Retiere, F AF Retiere, F TI Highlights from the STAR experiment at RHIC SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wigner Centennial Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL PECS, HUNGARY DE RHIC; quark-gluon plasma; jet energy loss AB Ultra relativistic heavy-ion collisions produced at RHIC differ significantly from a superposition of proton-proton collisions. Evidence of collective expansion has been gathered. The yield of high transverse momentum particles has been found to be lower in head-on Au-Au collisions than is expected by scaling p-p collisions. Di-jet processes, which are frequent in p-p collisions, are almost, absent in head-on Au-Au collisions. The current results from RHIC indicate that Au-Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV and rootS(NN) = 200 GeV yield an expanding system that is opaque to high momentum partons. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Retiere, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1556/APH.19.2004.3-4.38 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 843HW UT WOS:000223070300038 ER PT J AU Soltz, RA AF Soltz, RA TI What we know about HBT at RHIC SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 05-11, 2003 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts & Sci ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PION INTERFEROMETRY; COLLISIONS; SIZE AB The first measurements of the pion source dimensions for Au-Au collisions at RHIC gave no direct evidence for a large or long-lived source, as previously expected for a deconfinement phase transition. This result has proved to be something of a puzzle when taken in context with indications of jet suppression for central Au-Au collisions. With the goal of illuminating what we do not know, we review aspects of our understanding of the two-particle correlation measurements that have recently yielded to relatively new analysis techniques, in 3-pion correlations, non-identical particle correlations, and self-consistent treatments of the Coulomb interaction. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soltz, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773TH UT WOS:000188938500004 ER PT J AU Kisiel, A Szarwas, P AF Kisiel, A Szarwas, P TI Non-identical particle correlations in star as a probe of emission asymmetries and radial flow SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 05-11, 2003 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts & Sci AB Non-identical particle correlations offer new methods of probing the dynamics of the heavy-ion collision. In STAR we have performed a correlation analysis of pion-kaon and pion-proton pairs for 130 AGeV AuAu collisions. The results show that average emission space-time points of these particle species are not the same. These asymmetries are interpreted as a consequence of space-momentum correlations produced by rapid transverse radial expansion of the system. The effects of emission time differences, coming from the decay of resonances, are also investigated with the help of rescattering models, and explain only part of the asymmetry. Therefore our measurements represent an independent confirmation of the existence of transverse radial flow. C1 Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Phys, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kisiel, A (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Phys, Koszykowa 75, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. RI Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015 OI Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773TH UT WOS:000188938500008 ER PT J AU Appel, JA AF Appel, JA TI Heavy-flavor production overview SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 05-11, 2003 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts & Sci ID ASYMMETRIES; COLLISIONS; MESON; J/PSI; X(F); PI AB This talk serves as an introduction to the Heavy-Flavor session of the XXXIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics. A major focus of this session is on the production of heavy quarks. The talks which follow review the latest results on heavy quark production in strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions, as well as some of the physics of the heavy quarks themselves. This talk emphasizes what we can learn from the production measurements, both about underlying QCD theory and the partonic nature of the hadrons which we see in the laboratory. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Appel, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM appel@fnal.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773TH UT WOS:000188938500012 ER PT J AU Gottschalk, EE AF Gottschalk, EE TI Beauty and charm production at fixed-target experiments SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 05-11, 2003 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts & Sci ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; PRODUCTION ASYMMETRY; J/PSI; PSI AB Fixed-target experiments continue to provide insights into the physics of particle production in strong interactions. The experiments are performed with different types of beam particles of varying energies, and many different target materials. Studies of beauty and charm production are of particular interest, since experimental results can be compared to perturbative QCD calculations. It is in this context that recent results from fixed-target experiments on beauty and charm production will be reviewed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gottschalk, EE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773TH UT WOS:000188938500013 ER PT J AU Fachini, P AF Fachini, P TI Resonance production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at root(NN)-N-S=200 GeV SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 05-11, 2003 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts & Sci ID MESON PRODUCTION; DECAYS; MATTER AB The rho(0)(770), K*(0)(892), f(0)(980), phi(1020), and Lambda(1520) production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at roots(N N) = 200 GeV are presented. These resonances are used as a sensitive tool to examine the collision dynamics in the hadronic medium through their decay and regeneration. The modification of resonance mass, width, and shape due to phase space and dynamical effects are also discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Fachini, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773TH UT WOS:000188938500027 ER PT J AU Magill, SR AF Magill, SR TI Forward jets and particles at HERA SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 05-11, 2003 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts & Sci AB It is possible to study the low x behavior of the proton structure at HERA for x values as low as similar to 10(-5). One of the most interesting aspects of low x proton structure is the study of QCD dynamics - the evolution of partons between kinematic regimes. In ep DIS, this can be studied inclusively by measuring the proton structure functions - F-2, F-L, etc., or exclusively by studying processes in the target region of the proton forward going jets and particles. In this paper, various measurements made at HERA by the HI and ZEUS experiments are presented and compared to MC models and fixed-order QCD calculations. While DGLAP-based evolution is able to describe the inclusive, i.e. F-2, data over the whole HERA kinematic region, a consistent picture of deviations from DGLAP models and fixed-order calculations in exclusive measurements is emerging. MC models and calculations based on BFKL or BFKL-like x-dependent parton evolution are able to describe most of the exclusive results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Magill, SR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773TH UT WOS:000188938500035 ER PT J AU Steinberg, PA AF Steinberg, PA TI Experimental status of parton saturation at RHIC SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 05-11, 2003 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts & Sci ID QCD AB We review the basic phenomenological predictions of parton saturation models and evaluate their relevance in light of the data from Au + Au collisions at RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steinberg, PA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 235 EP 239 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773TH UT WOS:000188938500036 ER PT J AU Koch, V AF Koch, V TI Event-by-event fluctuations SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 05-11, 2003 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts & Sci ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; EQUILIBRATION; RATIO AB An overview of the physics of event by event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions is provided. Several observables are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773TH UT WOS:000188938500042 ER PT J AU Tuskan, G Bohlmann, J Doulgas, C DiFazio, S Gunter, L Larimer, F Wullschleger, S Yin, T Elli, B Rokshar, D Frazier, M Dalhman, R Gilbert, D Grigoriev, I Putnam, N Jansson, S Karlsson, J Rouze, P Rounbauts, S van der Peer, Y Ralph, S Schein, P AF Tuskan, G. Bohlmann, J. Doulgas, C. DiFazio, S. Gunter, L. Larimer, F. Wullschleger, S. Yin, T. Elli, B. Rokshar, D. Frazier, M. Dalhman, R. Gilbert, D. Grigoriev, I Putnam, N. Jansson, S. Karlsson, J. Rouze, P. Rounbauts, S. van der Peer, Y. Ralph, S. Schein, P. TI THE POPULUS GENOME: ARE THERE DISCERNABLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE GENOMES OF PERENNIAL WOODY PLANTS AND HERBACEOUS ANNUALS? SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tuskan, G.; DiFazio, S.; Gunter, L.; Larimer, F.; Wullschleger, S.; Yin, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bohlmann, J.; Doulgas, C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Elli, B.; Rokshar, D.] Univ British Columbia, Biotechnol Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Frazier, M.; Dalhman, R.] US DOE, Off Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Gilbert, D.; Grigoriev, I; Putnam, N.] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Jansson, S.; Karlsson, J.] Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Rouze, P.; Rounbauts, S.; van der Peer, Y.] Univ Ghent VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Ralph, S.; Schein, P.] Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada. RI Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Jansson, Stefan/A-1119-2009; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016; Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Jansson, Stefan/0000-0002-7906-6891; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532; Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0137-5881 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL PLANT JI Acta Physiol. Plant. PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 292 EP 293 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V80CW UT WOS:000205415400752 ER PT S AU Krenn, CR Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Krenn, CR Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Transformation crystallography and plasticity of the delta -> alpha ' transformation in plutonium alloys SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; FIELD MODEL; DELTA->ALPHA AB In delta phase Pu-Ga alloys, the transformation from the ductile face-centered cubic (fcc) delta phase that is retained at room temperature to the brittle low-temperature monoclinic alpha-prime phase is a thermally activated diffusionless transformation with double-c kinetics. Accurate modeling of the phase transformation requires detailed understanding of the role of plastic flow during the transformation and of the crystallographic transformation path. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we find a significant increase in dislocation density in delta near the alpha' plates, which suggests that plastic deformation contributes to the accommodation of the 20% reduction in volume during the transformation. Analysis of a series of optical micrographs of partially transformed alloys suggests that the alpha' habit plane is usually nearly perpendicular to <111> delta. However, a small number of TEM observations support a habit plane near <112> or <123>, in agreement with earlier work. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Krenn, CR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300002 ER PT S AU Haire, RG Heathman, S Le Bihan, T Lindbaum, A Iridi, M AF Haire, RG Heathman, S Le Bihan, T Lindbaum, A Iridi, M BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Investigations of actinide metals and compounds under pressure provide important insights into bonding and chemistry SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID GPA AB One effect of pressure on elements and compounds is to decease their interatomic distances, which can bring about dramatic perturbations in their electronic nature and bonding, which can be reflected in changes in physical and/or chemical proper-ties. One important issue in the actinide series of elements is the effect of pressure on the 5f-electrons. We have probed changes in electronic behavior with pressure by monitoring structure by X-ray diffraction, and have studied several actinide metals and compounds from thorium through einsteinium. These studies have employed angle dispersive diffraction using synchrotron radiation, and energy dispersive techniques via conventional X-ray sources. The 5f-electrons of actinide metals and their alloys are often affected significantly by pressure, while with compounds, the structural changes are often not linked to the involvement of 5f-electron. We shall present some of our more recent findings from studies of selected actinide metals, alloys and compounds under pressure. A discussion of the results in terms of the changes in electronic configurations and bonding with regard to the element's position in the series is also addressed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Haire, RG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSD, POB 2008,MS-6375, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI LE BIHAN, Tristan/I-5063-2013 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300003 ER PT S AU Hsiung, LM Briant, CL Chasse, KR AF Hsiung, LM Briant, CL Chasse, KR BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Low-temperature aging and phase stabiliy of U6Nb SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID ALLOYS; NB AB Aging behavior and phase stability of a water-quenched U-6wt%Nb (U-14at%Nb) alloy artificially aged at 200degreesC and naturally aged at ambient temperature for 15 years have been investigated using Vickers hardness test, X-ray diffraction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Age hardening/softening phenomenon is observed from the artificially aged samples according to microhardness measurement. The age hardening can be rationalized by the occurrence of spinodal decomposition, or fine scale of Nb segregation, which results in the formation of a nano-scale modulated structure within the artificially aged samples. Coarsening of the modulated structure after prolonged aging leads to the age softening. The occurrence of chemical ordering (disorder-order transformation) is found in the naturally aged sample based upon the observations of antiphase domain boundaries (APB's) and superlattice diffraction patterns. A possible superlattice structure is accordingly proposed for the chemically ordered phase observed in the naturally aged alloy sample. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsiung, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-352, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300004 ER PT S AU Blobaum, KJM Krenn, CR Haslam, JJ Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Blobaum, KJM Krenn, CR Haslam, JJ Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI "Burst-like" characteristics of the delta/alpha ' phase transformation in Pu-Ga alloys SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst AB The delta to alpha' phase transformation in Pu-Ga alloys is intriguing for both scientific and technological reasons. On cooling, the ductile fcc delta-phase transforms martensitically to the brittle monoclinic alpha'-phase at approximately -120degreesC (depending on composition). This exothermic transformation involves a 20% volume contraction and a significant increase in resistivity. The reversion of alpha' to delta involves a large temperature hysteresis and begins just above room temperature. In an attempt to better understand the underlying thermodynamics and kinetics responsible for these unusual features, we are examining the delta/alpha' transformations in a Pu-0.6 wt% Ga alloy using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and resistometry. Both techniques indicate that the martensite start temperature is -120degreesC and the austenite start temperature is 35degreesC. The beat of transformation is approximately 3 kJ/mole. During the alpha' --> delta reversion, "spikes" and "steps" are observed in DSC and resistometry scans, respectively. These spikes and steps are periodic, and their periodicity with respect to temperature does not vary with heating rate. With an appropriate annealing cycle, including a "rest" at room temperature, these spikes and steps can be reproduced through many thermal cycles of a single sample. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Blobaum, KJM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300006 ER PT S AU Chung, BW Thompson, SR Woods, CH Hopkins, DJ Gourdin, WH Ebbinghaus, BB AF Chung, BW Thompson, SR Woods, CH Hopkins, DJ Gourdin, WH Ebbinghaus, BB BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Density changes in plutonium observed from accelerated aging using Pu-238 enrichment SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chung, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300007 ER PT S AU Wong, J Krisch, M Farber, DL Occelli, F Schwartz, AJ Chiang, TC Wall, M Boro, C Xu, RQ AF Wong, J Krisch, M Farber, DL Occelli, F Schwartz, AJ Chiang, TC Wall, M Boro, C Xu, RQ BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Probing phonons in plutonium SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wong, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300008 ER PT S AU Manley, ME McQueeney, RJ Fultz, B Swan-Wood, T Delaire, O Goremychkin, EA Cooley, JC Hults, WL Lashley, JC Osborn, R Smith, JL AF Manley, ME McQueeney, RJ Fultz, B Swan-Wood, T Delaire, O Goremychkin, EA Cooley, JC Hults, WL Lashley, JC Osborn, R Smith, JL BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI The importance of high temperature electron-phonon coupling to the thermodynamic properties of Ce0.9Th0.1 and other f-electron bonded metals SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID CE; TRANSITION; PLUTONIUM; STATES; MODEL AB Recent results from inelastic neutron scattering studies on Ce0.9Th0.1 are used to demonstrate the importance of electron-phonon coupling to the physical properties of f-electron bonded metals. In the case of Ce0.9Th0.1, the phonon density of states (DOS) of alpha-phase shows a significant softening when heated but shows no change across the alpha-gamma transition despite the 11% volume change. This is supported by analysis of the magnetic spectra showing that most of the transition entropy can be accounted for with the crystal field and spin fluctuations. The precursor phonon softening, the lack of any phonon change across the transition, the magnetic spectra, and the volume transition itself can all be explained in terms of the atomic displacement sensitivity of the hybridization of the local f-electrons with conduction electrons. The electron-phonon coupling resulting from these displacement-sensitive electronic states appears to be essential to understanding cerium. Some of the behavior characteristic of these states, a large volume changes and precursor phonon softening, occurs in many other f-electron bonded metals suggesting that the phenomena is not unique to cerium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300009 ER PT S AU Curro, NJ Morales, L AF Curro, NJ Morales, L BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Nuclear Magnetic Resonance studies of delta-stabilized plutonium SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID ECHO DECAY; APPROXIMATION; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; ELECTRONS; NMR; CU; PU AB Nuclear Magnetic Resonance studies of Ga stabilized delta-Pu reveal detailed information about the local distortions surrounding the Ga impurities as well as provides information about the local spin fluctuations experienced by the Ga nuclei. The Ga NMR, spectrum is inhomogeneously broadened by a distribution of local electric field gradients (EFGs), which indicates that the Ga experiences local distortions from cubic symmetry. The Knight shift and spin lattice relaxation rate indicate that the Ga is dominantly coupled to the Fermi surface via core polarization, and is inconsistent with magnetic order or low frequency spin correlations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Curro, NJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300010 ER PT S AU Olson, CG Joyce, JJ Durakiewicz, T Guziewicz, E Butterfield, M AF Olson, CG Joyce, JJ Durakiewicz, T Guziewicz, E Butterfield, M BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI VUV and Soft X-ray spectroscopy of actinides SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION AB Optical and photoelectron spectroscopies using VUV and Soft X-ray photons are powerful tools for studies of elemental and compound actinides. Large changes in the relative atomic cross sections of the 5f, 6d and sp electrons allow decomposition of the character of the valence bands using photoemission. Resonant enhancement of photoelectrons and Auger electrons at the 5d core threshold further aids the decomposition and gives a measure of elemental specificity. Angle-resolved photoemission can be used to map the momentum dependence of the electronic states. The large changes in relative cross section with photon energy yields further details when the mapping is done at equivalent points in multiple zones. Spectra for well understood rare earth materials will be presented to establish spectral characteristics for known atomic character initial states. These signatures will be applied to the case of USb to investigate f-d hybridization near the Fermi level. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Olson, CG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016 OI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300011 ER PT S AU Moore, KT Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ Chung, BW Tobin, JG Shuh, DK Schulze, RK AF Moore, KT Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ Chung, BW Tobin, JG Shuh, DK Schulze, RK BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Experimental verification of the need for either jj or intermediate coupling in the 5f states of plutonium SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID DELTA-PU; ACTINIDE METALS; PHOTOABSORPTION; ELECTRONS; RESONANCE; SPECTRA; TH AB Here, we demonstrate the power of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to investigate the electronic structure plutonium. Using EELS, TEM, and synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we provide the first experimental evidence that Russell-Saunders (LS) coupling fails for the 5f states of Pu. These results support the assumption that only the use of jj or intermediate coupling is appropriate for the 5f states of Pu. EELS experiments were performed in a TEM and are coupled with image and diffraction data, therefore, the measurements are completely phase specific. It is shown that EELS in a TEM may be used to circumvent the difficulty of producing single-phase or single-crystal samples due to its high spatial resolution. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300012 ER PT S AU Butterfield, M Durakiewicz, T Guziewicz, E Joyce, JJ Moore, DP Arko, AJ Morales, LA AF Butterfield, M Durakiewicz, T Guziewicz, E Joyce, JJ Moore, DP Arko, AJ Morales, LA BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Electronic structure and surface science of delta plutonium SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LOCALIZATION; METAL; XPS; PU AB High resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) studies were conducted on a delta-phase Plutonium sample cleaned by laser ablation and gas dosed with O(2) and H(2). The measurements were made with an instrument resolution of 60 meV and with the sample at 77 K. The PES data strongly support a model with PU(2)O(3) growth on the metal and then PuO(2) growth on the Pu(2)O(3) layer at this temperature. In vacuum, the PuO(2) reduces to Pu(2)O(3) at room temperature with a pressure of 6x10(-11) Torr. In the case of H(2) dosing the hydrogen appears to penetrate the surface and disrupt the valence band as evidenced by a drop in intensity of the peak at E(F) which is not accompanied by a drop in the main 5f manifold at similar to2eV. C1 LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Butterfield, M (reprint author), LANL, MST-10, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016 OI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300013 ER PT S AU Lukens, WW Shuh, DK Muller, IS McKeown, DA AF Lukens, WW Shuh, DK Muller, IS McKeown, DA BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI X-ray absorption fine structure studies of speciation of technetium in borosilicate glasses SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst AB A series of glass samples were prepared analogously to high level waste glass using either glass frit or glass precursors combined with a high level waste surrogate containing NaTcO4. Three different technetium species were observed in these glasses depending upon the synthesis conditions. If the glasses were prepared by reducing NaTcO4 to TcO2.2H(2)O with hydrazine or if a large amount of organic material was present, inclusions of TcO2 were observed. If no organic material was present, technetium was incorporated as TcO4-. If only a small amount of organic material was present, isolated Tc(IV) sites were observed in the glass. The relative technetium retention of these glasses was estimated from the Tc K-edge height, and had no correlation with the oxidation state of the technetium. Pertechnetate was well retained in these glasses. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lukens, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300015 ER PT S AU Beitz, JV Skanthakumar, S Seifert, S Thiyagarajan, P AF Beitz, JV Skanthakumar, S Seifert, S Thiyagarajan, P BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI f-element influence on the size of nanophase phosphate inclusions in silica SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID ION-EXCHANGE RESIN; NANOPHOSPHORS; COORDINATION AB Insight into the factors that control the formation and size of heavy metal phosphate nanophases in vitreous silica has been gained by combining conventional and anomalous small angle x-ray scattering studies with powder x-ray diffraction and laser-induced fluorescence investigations. Europium, thorium, and uranyl ions were sorbed from aqueous solutions into a chemically functionalized porous silica (termed Diphosil). Aliquots of those samples were heated to a series of temperatures that spanned the pore collapse point. Loading with trivalent europium ions resulted in production of nanophases whose size corresponded to the average number of metal ions per pore. Thorium or uranyl ions resulted in retention of porosity to higher temperature with eventual pore collapse that evidently resulted in formation of nanophases whose size exceeded that determinable under the experimental conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beitz, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300019 ER PT S AU Shuh, DK Butorin, SM Guo, JH Nordgren, J AF Shuh, DK Butorin, SM Guo, JH Nordgren, J BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Soft x-ray synchrotron radiation investigations of actinide materials systems utilizing x-ray emission spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; UNDULATOR BEAMLINE; CORRELATED SYSTEMS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; EXCITATIONS; ABSORPTION; PROBE AB Synchrotron radiation (SR) methods have been utilized with increasing frequency over the past several years to study topics in actinide science, ranging from those of a fundamental nature to those that address a specifically-targeted technical need. In particular, the emergence of microspectroscopic and fluorescence-based techniques have permitted investigations of actinide materials at sources of soft x-ray SR. Spectroscopic techniques with fluorescence-based detection are useful for actinide investigations since they are sensitive to small amounts of material and the information sampling depth may be varied. These characteristics also serve to simplify both sample preparation and safety considerations. Examples of investigations using these fluorescence techniques will be described along with their results, as well as the prospects for future investigations utilizing these methodologies. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shuh, DK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300020 ER PT S AU Morss, LR AF Morss, LR BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Actinide materials research supported by the office of basic energy sciences, US department of energy SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID ELEMENTS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PLUTONIUM; CHEMISTRY; OXIDES AB The fundamental research topic in actinide chemistry and materials sciences is the role that the 5f electrons play in bond formation, which provides the central focus for DOE BES-supported actinide science. Structural systematics of the actinide metals, oxides, and other compounds as a function of atomic number are well established. Magnetic measurements have shown that the light actinide metals have delocalized 5f orbitals (i.e., the 5f electrons form bands), whereas the f electrons become localized at americium. Thus, the magnetic behavior of the first part of the actinide series resembles that of the d transition metals whereas the heavier actinides exhibit behavior similar to the rare earth metals. Spectroscopic results have established electronic energy levels, crystal field splitting, and near-neighbor coordination. The 5f orbitals participate in the band structure of materials that contain the light actinide metals and some of their intermetallic compounds, and perhaps in molecular compounds. Molecular-level information on the geometry and bonding in solids, at surfaces, and in clusters can now be obtained at BES-supported facilities. C1 US DOE, Off BES, Chem Sci Geosci & Biosci Div, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Morss, LR (reprint author), US DOE, Off BES, Chem Sci Geosci & Biosci Div, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 139 EP 149 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300021 ER PT S AU Skanthakumar, S Gorman-Lewis, D Locock, A Chiang, MH Jensen, MP Burns, PC Fein, J Jonah, CD Attenkofer, K Soderholm, L AF Skanthakumar, S Gorman-Lewis, D Locock, A Chiang, MH Jensen, MP Burns, PC Fein, J Jonah, CD Attenkofer, K Soderholm, L BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Changing Np redox speciation in the synchrotron beam SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID HYDRATED ELECTRON; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; URANIUM; POTENTIALS; REDUCTION; ACTINIDE AB X-ray absorption data, obtained from Np(V) in two environmentally-related samples, show evidence of significant metal-ion reduction in the synchrotron beam. The data are presented and possible sources of reduction are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skanthakumar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300022 ER PT S AU Antonio, MR Chiang, MH Williams, CW Soderholm, L AF Antonio, MR Chiang, MH Williams, CW Soderholm, L BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI In situ actinide x-ray absorption spectroelectrochemistry SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID DAWSON HETEROPOLYOXOANION COMPLEXES; EXAFS SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY; REDOX SPECIATION; FINE-STRUCTURE; AQUO IONS; NEPTUNIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; COORDINATION; POTENTIALS; MEDIA AB By using electrochemical techniques in simultaneous combination with EXAFS, we can stabilize a targeted charge state of a solution complex and probe the coordination of selected actinide (An) ions. In addition, we can acquire sufficient XANES over a range of controlled electrochemical potentials, in the vicinity of a redox couple, to perform a Nernst analysis. The prospect of this technique to provide here-to-fore unattainable information is demonstrated through examples of Np, Pu, and Bk speciation in solution. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 157 EP 168 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300023 ER PT S AU Chen, XY Ra, LF Liu, GK AF Chen, XY Ra, LF Liu, GK BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI On the physical nature of uranyl charge transfer vibronic interactions SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID RARE-EARTH IONS; EXCITED-STATES; ALKALI HALIDES; BOND LENGTHS; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; URANIUM(VI); COMPLEXES; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA AB We address the electronic properties of uranyl ions in solids and solutions with an emphasis in theoretical understanding of charge transfer vibronic transitions and luminescence dynamics the O-U-O species. A general theory of ion-phonon interaction has been modified for modeling and simulating multi-phonon vibronic spectra. Spectroscopic data for uranyl ions in crystals and solutions have been analyzed to achieve a predictive understanding of the uranyl-ligand vibronic interactions. By adjusting the Huang-Rhys ion-phonon interaction parameters, an excellent agreement between theory and experiment has been accomplished for uranyl ions in the ligand environments we studied. Our modeling and simulation provide insights into the physical nature of uranyl vibronic interaction and its influence on spectroscopic properties, which are commonly utilized in characterizing photochemical properties of uranyl in complexes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chen, Xueyuan/C-5613-2012 OI Chen, Xueyuan/0000-0003-0493-839X NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300024 ER PT S AU Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L AF Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Am doping in copper-oxide superconducting systems SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; OXIDATION-STATE; CM2CUO4 AB The effect of Am doping on the physical properties of three superconducting systems (RBa2CU3O7, Pb2Sr2R1-xCaxCU3O8 and R2-xMxCUO4) have been studied using x-ray diffraction, x ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic susceptibility experiments. Am is incorporated into all three systems as the tetravalent ion and superconductivity is not observed in any of the resultant compounds. The absence of superconductivity in Pb2Sr2Am0.5Ca0.5CU3O8 is attributed to the transfer of charge from Am to the Cu-O planes. Systems that cannot incorporate a tetravalent ion, notably AmBa2CU3O7 and Am2CuO4, do not form. Although Pr(1.85)AM(0.15)CuO(4) forms with similar structure to Pr1.85Ce0.15CUO4, and Am like Cc is tetravalent, it is not superconducting. We argue that the absence of superconductivity in the Am doped Pr compound it is due to the hybridization of radially-extended f orbitals on the magnetic Am4+ ion with the Cu-O band states. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skanthakumar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300025 ER PT S AU Guziewicz, E Durakiewicz, T Butterfield, MT Olson, CG Joyce, JJ Arko, AJ Sarrao, JL Wojakowski, A Cichorek, T AF Guziewicz, E Durakiewicz, T Butterfield, MT Olson, CG Joyce, JJ Arko, AJ Sarrao, JL Wojakowski, A Cichorek, T BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Electronic structure of UAsSe and USb2 compounds: the 5f photoemission SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst AB UAsSe and USb2 single crystals were studied at 15K by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in the photon energy range between 20 eV and 110 eV. The high energy and momentum resolution (24 meV and 0.09Angstrom(-1), respectively) allows observation of very narrow and dispersive photoemission features within 100 meV of the Fermi level. The natural linewidth of the near E-F feature of USb2 was found to be less than 10 meV with the dispersion of 10 meV observed in normal emission spectra. The near E-F feature in UAsSe is slightly broader, situated closer to the Fermi edge, and exhibits 20 meV dispersion in the normal emission spectra. It gives evidence that neither UAsSe nor USb2 have purely 2D electronic structure. Both these compounds should be treated as quasi-2D materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guziewicz, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016 OI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300026 ER PT S AU Tobin, JG Chung, B Schulze, RK Farr, JD Shuh, DK AF Tobin, JG Chung, B Schulze, RK Farr, JD Shuh, DK BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of Pu SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DELTA-PU; PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE; PLUTONIUM; LAYERS AB We have performed Photoelectron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy upon highly radioactive samples of Plutonium at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA, USA. First results from alpha and delta Plutonium arc reported as well as plans for future studies of actinide studies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300027 ER PT S AU Glade, SC Trelenberg, TW Tobin, JG Hamza, AV AF Glade, SC Trelenberg, TW Tobin, JG Hamza, AV BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Characterization of uranium particles produced via pulsed laser deposition SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID PLUTONIUM AB We have constructed an experimental apparatus for the synthesis (via pulsed laser deposition) and analysis of nanoparticles and thin films of plutonium and other actinides. In-situ analysis techniques include x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). Also, the oxidation kinetics and the reaction kinetics of actinides with other gaseous species can be studied with this experimental apparatus. Preliminary results on depleted uranium are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Glade, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300029 ER PT S AU Siekhaus, WJ AF Siekhaus, WJ BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Composition of uranium oxide surface layers analyzed by mu-Raman spectroscopy SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst AB Oxide thickness and composition averaged over a few square millimeter have been measured with nm thickness resolution by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy(1). mu-Raman spectroscopy has been done on powders and bulk samples(2) in the past, and can now be done on surfaces layers with Pin lateral and depth resolution using con-focal microscopy. Here we apply con-focal-microscopy-based mu-Raman spectroscopy to a freshly polished/lightly oxidized and to heavily oxidized uranium to determine its sensitivity. The spectra show that mu-Raman spectroscopy does detect oxide thickness and oxide composition with high sensitivity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Siekhaus, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300030 ER PT S AU Landa, A Soderlind, P Ruban, A AF Landa, A Soderlind, P Ruban, A BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Electronic structure calculations of delta-Pu based alloys SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID 1ST-PRINCIPLES THEORY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TOTAL-ENERGY; APPROXIMATION; PLUTONIUM; STABILITY; EXCHANGE; SYSTEMS; CERIUM; METALS AB First-principles methods are employed to study the ground-state properties of delta-Pu-based alloys. ne calculations show that an alloy component larger than delta-Pu has a stabilizing effect. Detailed calculations have been performed for the delta-Pu1-cAmc system. Calculated density of Pu-Am alloys agrees well with the experimental data. The paramagnetic --> antiferromagnetic transition temperature (T-c) of delta-Pu100-cAmc alloys is calculated by the Monte-Carlo technique. By introducing Am into the system, one could lower T-c from 548 K (pure Pu) to 372 K (PU70Am30)We also found that, contrary to pure Pu where this transition destabilizes delta-phase, Pu3Am compound remains stable in the antiferromagnetic phase that correlates with the recent discovery of the Curie-Weiss behavior of delta-Pu100-cAmc, alloys at c > 24 at. %. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Landa, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Ruban, Andrei/B-7457-2012 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300032 ER PT S AU Petit, L Svane, A Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM AF Petit, L Svane, A Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI SIC-LSD study of delta-Pu and PUO2 SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID PLUTONIUM; ACTINIDES AB The electronic structures of actinide solid systems are calculated using the self-interaction corrected local spin density approximation. Within this scheme the 5f electron manifold is considered to consist of both localized and delocalized states, and by varying their relative proportions the energetically most favourable (ground state) configuration can be established. Specifically, we discuss elemental Pu in its delta-phase, and the effects of adding O to PuO2. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Petit, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300033 ER PT S AU Joyce, JJ Wills, JM Durakiewicz, T Guziewicz, E Butterfield, MT Arko, AJ Moore, DP Sarrao, JL Morales, LA Eriksson, O AF Joyce, JJ Wills, JM Durakiewicz, T Guziewicz, E Butterfield, MT Arko, AJ Moore, DP Sarrao, JL Morales, LA Eriksson, O BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Electronic structure of delta-Pu and PuCoGa5 from photoemission and the mixed level model SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PLUTONIUM AB The electronic structure of delta-phase Pu metal and the Pu-based superconductor PuCoGa5 is explored using photoelectron spectroscopy and a novel theoretical scheme. Excellent agreement between calculation and experiment defines a path forward for understanding electronic structure aspects of Pu-based materials. The photoemission results show two separate regions of 5f electron spectral intensity, one at the Fermi energy and another centered 1.2 eV below the Fermi level. A comparison is made between the photoemission data and five computational schemes for delta-Pu. The results for delta-Pu and PuCoGa5 indicate 5f electron behavior on the threshold between localized and itinerant and a broader framework for understanding the fundamental electronic properties of the Pu 5f levels in general within two configurations, one localized and one itinerant. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Joyce, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016 OI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300035 ER PT S AU Fluss, MJ Wirth, BD Wall, M Feller, TE Caturla, MJ Kubota, A De la Rubia, TD AF Fluss, MJ Wirth, BD Wall, M Feller, TE Caturla, MJ Kubota, A De la Rubia, TD BE Soderholm, L Joyce, JJ Nicol, MF Shuh, DK Tobin, JG TI Defect based spin mediation in delta-phase plutonium SO ACTINIDES-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Symposium held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Enhanced Surveillance Campaign, Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst ID CALCULATED LATTICE-RELAXATION; PU-GA; ELECTRONS; ALLOYS AB We earlier reported the measured decrease of electrical resistivity during isochronal-annealing of ion irradiation damage that was accumulated at low-temperature (10 or 20K), and the temperature dependence of the resistance of defect populations produced by low-temperature damage-accumulation and annealing in a stabilized delta-phase plutonium alloy, Pu(3.3 at%Ga)[1]. We noted that the temperature dependence of the resistance of defects resulting from low-temperature damage accumulation and subsequent annealing exhibits a -ln(T) temperature dependence suggestive of a Kondo impurity. A discussion of a possible "structure-property" effect, as it might relate to the nature of the delta-phase of Pu, is presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94577 USA. RP Fluss, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,East Ave, Livermore, CA 94577 USA. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-740-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 802 BP 245 EP 249 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY88V UT WOS:000189487300036 ER PT S AU Leemans, W AF Leemans, W BE Yakimenko, V TI Advances in laser driven accelerator R&D SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID ULTRASHORT ELECTRON BUNCHES; WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; PLASMA WAVE-GUIDES; LONGITUDINAL INTERFEROMETRY; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATORS; PULSES; PROPAGATION; IONIZATION; GENERATION; DIAGNOSTICS AB Current activities (last few years) at different laboratories. towards the development of a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) are reviewed, followed by a more in depth discussion of results obtained at the L'OASIS laboratory of LBNL. Recent results on laser guiding of relativistically intense beams in performed plasma channels are discussed. The observation of mono-energetic beams in the 100 MeV energy range, produced by a channel guided LWFA at LBNL. is described and compared to results obtained in the unguided case at LOA, RAL and LBNL. Analysis, aided by particle-in-cell simulations, as well as experiments with various plasma lengths and densities. indicate that tailoring the length of the accelerator has a very beneficial impact on the electron energy distribution. Progress on laser triggered injection is reviewed. Results are presented on measurements of bunch duration and emittance of the accelerated electron beams. that indicate the possibility of generating femtosecond duration electron bunches. Future challenges and plans towards the development of a 1 GeV LWFA module are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leemans, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wpleemans@lbl.gov NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 11 EP 28 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000002 ER PT S AU Raubenheimer, TO AF Raubenheimer, TO BE Yakimenko, V TI An afterburner at the ILC: The collider viewpoint SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB The concept of a high-gradient plasma wakefield accelerator is considered as an upgrade path for the International Linear Collider, a future linear collider. Basic parameters are presented based on those developed for the SLC "Afterburner." Basic layout considerations are described and the primary concerns related to the collider operation are discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Raubenheimer, TO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 86 EP 94 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000006 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV AF Pogorelsky, IV BE Yakimenko, V TI Gas lasers for strong field applications SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID ACCELERATION; PULSES AB Atomic, molecular and excimer gas lasers employ variety of pumping schemes including electric discharge, optical, or chemical reactions and cover a broad spectral range from UV to far-IR. Several types of gas lasers are capable to produce multi-kilojoule pulses and kilowatts of average power. Among them, excimer and high-pressure molecular lasers have sufficient bandwidth for producing pico-and femtosecond pulses. Projects are under way and prospects are open to brine ultra-fast gas laser technology to the front lines of the advanced accelerator applications. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, 820, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 109 EP 124 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000008 ER PT S AU Rao, T Ben-Zvi, I Burrill, A Chang, XY Hulbert, S Johnson, PD Kewisch, J AF Rao, T Ben-Zvi, I Burrill, A Chang, XY Hulbert, S Johnson, PD Kewisch, J BE Yakimenko, V TI Diamond amplifier for photocathodes SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; FILMS; BORON AB We report a new approach to the generation of high-current, high-brightness electron beams. Primary electrons are produced by a photocathode (or other means) and are accelerated to a few thousand electron-volts, then strike a specially prepared diamond window. The large Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) provides a multiplication of the number of electrons by about two orders of magnitude. The secondary electrons drift through the diamond under an electric field and emerge into the accelerating region proper of the "gun" through a Negative Electron Affinity surface of the diamond. The advantages of the new approach include the following: 1. Reduction of the required number of primary electrons by the large SEY, i.e. we can utilize a very low laser power in a photocathode producing the primaries. 2. Low thermal emittance due to the NEA surface and the rapid thermalization of the electrons.3. Protection of the cathode from possible contamination from the gun, allowing the use of large quantum efficiency but sensitive cathodes. 4. Protection of the gun from possible contamination by the cathode, allowing the use of superconducting gun cavities. 5. Production of high average currents, up to ampere class. 6. Encapsulated design, making the "load-lock" systems unnecessary. This paper presents the criteria that need to be taken into account in designing the amplifier C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rao, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 178 EP 190 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000013 ER PT S AU Esarey, E Tochitsky, S Milchberg, HM Schroeder, CB AF Esarey, E Tochitsky, S Milchberg, HM Schroeder, CB BE Yakimenko, V TI Summary report of Working Group: Laser-plasma acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB A summary is given on the work presented and discussed in the Laser-Plasma Acceleration Working Group at the 2004 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop. including the Plasma Acceleration Subgroup (Group-Leader: Eric Esarey; Co-Group-Leader: Sergei Tochitsky) and the Plasma Guiding Subgroup (Group-Leader: Howard Milchberg; Co-Group-Leader: Carl Schroeder). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000017 ER PT S AU Jing, C Konecny, R Gai, W Gold, SH Power, JG Kinkead, AK Liu, W AF Jing, C Konecny, R Gai, W Gold, SH Power, JG Kinkead, AK Liu, W BE Yakimenko, V TI High power rf test on x-band MgxCa1-xTiO3 based dielectric-loaded accelerating structure SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID WAKE-FIELD AB In this paper, we report experimental results on a series of high-power rf tests for dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures using a high power X-band Magnicon at the Naval Research Laboratory. The dielectric material loaded into this DLA structure is a commonly used high-Q ceramic, Mg(x)Cal(1-x)TiO(3) (MCT), with a dielectric constant of 20. The purpose of these experiments is to study high-power phenomena in the DLA structure. Two important phenomena have been observed during these experiments. First, multipactor effects are strongly dependent on the dielectric material used in the DLA structure. In this case, the multipactor-induced power absorption threshold and trend to higher power differ when MCT is used instead of alumina [1]. Second, although we did not observe dielectric breakdown in the bulk dielectric, breakdown occurred at the butt-joint between adjacent dielectric sections in the MCT structure. This occurs because of manufacturing imperfections of the joint that cause large, local field enhancements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jing, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 258 EP 264 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000021 ER PT S AU Power, JG Gai, W Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Konecny, R Jing, C Liu, W AF Power, JG Gai, W Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Konecny, R Jing, C Liu, W BE Yakimenko, V TI Experimental study of multipactor suppression in a dielectric-loaded accelerating structure SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID DISCHARGE AB High power tests are currently being conducted on RF-driven dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures to determine their viability as traveling-wave accelerators. These tests are a collaborative effort between Argonne National Laboratory (ANT) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). In a previous high power test, single-surface multipactor was reported to be capable of absorbing more than half of the RF power incident on an alumina-based DLA structure. In this paper, we report on the most recent set of high power tests that are attempting to further understand multipactor and eventually suppress it. Several methods were employed to suppress multipactor including: the use of a magnetic field; a TiN surface coating: and a different dielectric material (Magnesium-Calcium-Titanate based). The effectiveness of these three methods are presented and discussed in the paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Power, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jp@anl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000022 ER PT S AU Cowan, B Javanmard, M Wu, N AF Cowan, B Javanmard, M Wu, N BE Yakimenko, V TI Photonic crystal laser-driven accelerator structures SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID INFRARED WAVELENGTHS AB We discuss simulated photonic crystal structure designs for laser-driven particle acceleration. We focus on three-dimensional planar structures based on the so-called "woodpile" lattice, demonstrating guiding of a speed-of-light accelerating mode by a defect in the photonic crystal lattice. We introduce a candidate geometry and discuss the properties of the accelerating mode. We also discuss the linear beam dynamics in the structure present a novel method for focusing the beam. In addition we describe ongoing investigations of photonic crystal fiber-based structures. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cowan, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000029 ER PT S AU Sears, CMS Colby, E Barnes, C AF Sears, CMS Colby, E Barnes, C BE Yakimenko, V TI IFEL-Chicane based microbuncher at 800nm SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID RADIATION AB As a first stage to net acceleration in a laser based EM structure RF electron pulses must be microbunched to match the laser wavelength. We report on the design of an undulator and chicane for microbunching at 800nm using an inverse free electron laser (IFEL) interaction. This includes design considerations for the hardware itself, the laser IFEL interaction and bunching performance, and a full 3D particle tracking simulation to study the focusing effects and possible emittance growth due to the fringe fields of the magnets. The talk will close with a discussion of laser-electron beam diagnostics for overlap in the undulator and for diagnosing microbunching performance. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 342 EP 348 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000032 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Scarpine, VE AF Lumpkin, AH Scarpine, VE BE Yakimenko, V TI Applications with intense OTR images I: 120-GeV protons SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID OPTICAL-TRANSITION RADIATION AB Although the optical transition radiation (OTR) mechanism has been used in many electron-beam imaging applications, proton-beam applications have been somewhat limited. One needs With a high charge intensity and a high-gamma beam so the OTR can be collected with reasonable efficiency. In the case of the accelerator complex at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), the main injector generates a 120-GeV proton beam with an intensity of similar to5 x 10(12) for bombardment of the antiproton production target. This option satisfies both criteria, and the OTR is so bright that attenuation by 1000 with neutral density filter. was needed to avoid saturating the CID camera when a 20-mum thin foil was used as the convener screen. Based on this success, OTR stations are being planned for the antiproton transport line to the Tevatron to assist in evaluating beam match and emittance. The ultimate goal is to improve the collider luminosity in Run II by optimizing the antiproton beam optics. Foil damage and radiation damage issues in this environment will also be briefly addressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000034 ER PT S AU Gilpatrick, JD AF Gilpatrick, JD BE Yakimenko, V TI Wide dynamic range beam diagnostics measurements for ion accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB As light- and heavy-ion accelerator technology progresses. there will be a further demand for charged particle beam instrumentation to measure beam parameters over a very wide dynamic range. There are several different ways to express a beam diagnostic instrument's ability to measure the beam's characteristics over a wide dynamic range. For example. presently beam profiles are measured over current ranges of 1 to 100 mA (in the case of the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator) or 1 to 20 mA in the case of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center facility. The beam current dynamic range requirements are based on the facilities users' needs and the facilities ability to tune the associated accelerators and beamlines. However, as peak beam currents requirements rise, the beam's halo may be lost to beam line components during tuning and operation facility conditions resulting in unwanted beam pipe radioactivation. To minimize these lost beam debilitating conditions, future beam profile measurements will need to measure further out in the beam distributions, i.e., driving the needs for beam profile measurement to be measured over greater dynamic ranges. Finally, future ion accelerator facilities will require measuring all beam diagnostics parameters over a lame variety of charge-to-mass ratios and experimenter delivered beam current requirements. These new additional requirements will drive beam profiles to be acquired over at least a 1000:1 peak current ratio. This presentation will discuss the present typical dynamic ranges for such common beam measurements, such as beam position and profiles and provide examples of future wide dynamic range beam measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gilpatrick, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000035 ER PT S AU van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Toth, C Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Martin, MC Hao, Z Leemans, WP AF van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Toth, C Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Martin, MC Hao, Z Leemans, WP BE Yakimenko, V TI Coherent transition radiation from a laser wakefield accelerator as an electron bunch diagnostic SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID LINEAR-ACCELERATOR; BEAM AB The observation and modeling of coherent transition radiation from femtosecond laser-accelerated electron bunches is discussed. The coherent transition radiation, scaling quadratically with bunch charge, is generated as the electrons transit the plasma-vacuum boundary. Due to the limited transverse radius of the plasma boundary, diffraction effects will strongly modify the angular distribution and the total energy radiated is reduced compared to an infinite transverse boundary. The multi-nC electron bunches. concentrated in a length of a few plasma periods (several tens of microns), experience partial charge neutralization while propagating inside the plasma towards the boundary. This reduces the space-charge blowout of the beam, allowing for coherent radiation at relatively high frequencies (several THz). The charge distribution of the electron bunch at the plasma-vacuum boundary can be derived from Fourier analysis of the coherent part of the transition radiation spectrum. A Michelson interferometer was used to measure the coherent spectrum. and electron bunches with duration on the order of 50 fs (rms) were observed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP van Tilborg, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hao, Zhao/G-2391-2015 OI Hao, Zhao/0000-0003-0677-8529 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 372 EP 378 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000036 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Dejus, RJ Rule, DW AF Lumpkin, AH Dejus, RJ Rule, DW BE Yakimenko, V TI Applications with intense OTR images II: Microbunched electron beams SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB In this second application for intense images we take advantage of the coherent enhancement of optical transition radiation (OTR) due to self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL)-induced microbunching of the beam. A much smaller number of total particles is involved, but the microbunched fraction (NB) gives a N-B(2) enhancement. We report measurements on the z-dependent growth of the coherent OTR (COTR) and the effects of beam size and electron beam/photon beam coalignment in the COTR interferograms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 379 EP 385 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000037 ER PT S AU Michel, P Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Toth, C Leemans, WP Schneider, D AF Michel, P Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Toth, C Leemans, WP Schneider, D BE Yakimenko, V TI Thomson scattering from laser wakefield accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID PULSES AB The production of ultrashort (fs) x-ray pulses through Thomson scattering of high power laser pulses off relativistic electron bunches generated by laser-plasma accelerators is discussed, These accelerators can typically produce two types of electron bunches: i) a high charge bunch with a broad energy distribution, resulting in x-ray pulses with high flux and a broadband spectrum. and ii) electron bunches with a narrow energy distribution, resulting in an ultrashort x-ray pulse with a nearly monochromatic spectrum. Nonlinear Thomson scattering (high laser intensity) will be considered, as well as the effects of the laser pulse profile. Thomson scattenng may provide a useful diagnostic for determining the electron bunch proper-ties via the scattering x-ray spectrum. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Michel, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 393 EP 399 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000039 ER PT S AU Shadwick, BA Tarkenton, GM Esarey, EH AF Shadwick, BA Tarkenton, GM Esarey, EH BE Yakimenko, V TI Thermal effects in intense laser-plasma interactions SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB We present an overview of a new warm fluid model that incorporates leading-order kinetic corrections to the cold fluid model without making any near-equilibrium assumptions, in the quasi-static limit we obtain analytical expressions for the momentum spread and show excellent agreement with solutions of the full time-dependant equations. It is shown that over a lame range of initial plasma temperatures, the fields are relatively insensitive to the pressure force. We discussion implications of this work for model validation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shadwick, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 449 EP 455 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000046 ER PT S AU Chang, XY Ben-Zvi, I Kewisch, J AF Chang, XY Ben-Zvi, I Kewisch, J BE Yakimenko, V TI Compensation for bunch emittance in a magnetization and space charge dominated beam SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB In order to obtain sufficient cooling rates for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) electron cooling, a bunched beam with high bunch charge, high repetition frequency and high energy is required and it is necessary to use a "magnetized" beam, i.e., an electron beam with non-negligible angular momentum. Applying a longitudinal solenoid field on the cathode can generate such a beam, which rotates around its longitudinal axis in a field-free region. This paper suggests how a magnetized beam can be accelerated and transported from a RF photocathode electron gun to the cooling section without significantly increasing its emittance. The evolution of longitudinal slices of the beam under a combination of space charge and magnetization is investigated, using paraxial envelope equations and numerical simulations. We find that we must modify the traditional method of compensating for emittance as used for normal non-magnetized beam with space charge to account for magnetization. The results of computer simulations of successful compensation are presented. Alternately, we show an electron bunch density distribution for which all slices propagate uniformly and which does not require emittance compensation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chang, XY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 462 EP 468 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000048 ER PT S AU Lewellen, JW AF Lewellen, JW BE Yakimenko, V TI High-brightness injector modeling SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB There are many aspects to the successful conception, design, fabrication. and operation of high-brightness electron beam sources. Accurate and efficient modeling of the injector are critical to all phases of the process, from evaluating initial ideas to successful diagnosis of problems during routine operation. The basic modeling tasks will vary from design to design, according to the basic nature of the injector (dc, rf, hybrid, etc.), the type of cathode used (thermionic, photo, field emitter, etc.), and "macro" factors such as average beam current and duty factor, as well as the usual list of desired beam properties. The injector designer must be at least aware of, if not proficient at addressing, the multitude of issues that arise from thew considerations; and, as high-brightness injectors continue to move out of the laboratory, the number of such issues will continue to expand. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lewellen, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 483 EP 493 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000051 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV Pavlishin, IV Ben-Zvi, I Yakimenko, V Kumita, T Kamiya, Y Zigler, A Diublov, A Andreev, N Bobrova, N Sasorov, P AF Pogorelsky, IV Pavlishin, IV Ben-Zvi, I Yakimenko, V Kumita, T Kamiya, Y Zigler, A Diublov, A Andreev, N Bobrova, N Sasorov, P BE Yakimenko, V TI Experiments on laser and e-beam transport and interaction in a plasma channel SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID DISCHARGE AB An ablative capillary discharge is installed into a linac beamline and serves as a plasma source for generating and characterizing wakefields. Simultaneously, the electron beam is used as a tool for plasma diagnostics. A high-energy picosecond CO2 laser channeled within the same capillary strongly affects a counterpropagating electron beam. These observations, supported with simulations, suggest the possibility of manipulating relativistic electron beams by steep plasma channels ponderomotively produced by a laser. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, 820, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 504 EP 511 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000053 ER PT S AU Geddes, CGR Toth, C Van Tilborg, J Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Bruhwiler, D Nieter, C Cary, J Leemans, WP AF Geddes, CGR Toth, C Van Tilborg, J Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Bruhwiler, D Nieter, C Cary, J Leemans, WP BE Yakimenko, V TI Laser guiding at relativistic intensities and wakefield particle acceleration in plasma channels SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION; WAVE-GUIDES; PULSES; INJECTION; PROPAGATION; DRIVEN; GASES AB Electron beams with hundreds of picoCoulombs of charge in percent energy spread at above 80 MeV, and with few milliradian divergence, have been produced for the first time in a high gradient laser wakefield accelerator by guiding the drive laser pulse. Channels formed by hydrodynamic shock were used to guide acceleration relevant laser intensities of at least 1E18 W/cm(2) at the guide output over more than 10 Rayleigh lengths at LBNL's I'OASIS facility (10 TW, 2E19 W/cm(2)). The pondermotive force of the laser pulse drove an intense plasma wave, producing acceleration gradients on the order of 100 GV/m. Electrons were trapped from the background plasma and accelerated. By extending the acceleration length using the guiding channel, the energy of the electron beam was greatly increased, and bunches of small energy spread and low emittance were formed. Experiments varying gas jet length as well as simulations indicate that the high quality beams were formed when beam loading turned off injection after an initial load, producing an isolated bunch, and when that bunch was subsequently accelerated to the dephasing length at which point it rotated in phase space to produce low energy spread. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geddes, CGR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 521 EP 527 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000055 ER PT S AU Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Shadwick, BA Leemans, WP AF Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Shadwick, BA Leemans, WP BE Yakimenko, V TI Trapping and dark current in plasma-based accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID COLLIDING LASER-PULSES; WAKE-FIELD GENERATION; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; WAVE-BREAKING; INJECTION; CHANNELS AB The trapping of thermal electrons in a nonlinear plasma wave of arbitrary phase velocity is investigated. The threshold plasma wave amplitude for trapping plasma electrons is calculated, thereby determining the fraction trapped and the expected dark current in a plasma-based accelerator. It is shown that the presence of a laser field (e.g., trapping in the self-modulated regime of the laser wakefield accelerator) increases the trapping threshold. Implications for experimental and numerical laser-plasma studies are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 564 EP 570 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000062 ER PT S AU Esarey, E Shadwick, BA Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP AF Esarey, E Shadwick, BA Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP BE Yakimenko, V TI Nonlinear pump depletion and electron dephasing in laser wakefield accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID PLASMA; PULSES AB The nonlinear evolution of sub-ps laser pulses in underdense plasmas is analyzed for arbitrary laser intensity. Expressions for the nonlinear pump depletion, pulse steepening, and frequency shift of the laser pulse are derived. Numerical calculations based on fluid models that show the interplay between electron dephasing and pump depletion are presented. Implications for an optimized design of a 1 GeV laser-plasma-based accelerator stage are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 578 EP 584 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000064 ER PT S AU Bolton, PR AF Bolton, PR BE Yakimenko, V TI Ion production via optical field ionization of atoms and ions: Results from early work SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID LASER-PULSES; INTENSE; HELIUM AB Optical field ionization of atoms, ions and molecules rapidly progresses sequentially through higher charge states. The time-dependent field of a single high intensity laser pulse can multiply ionize a multielectron atom during its risetime such that the peak intensity predictably sees' ions with the highest possible charge state (as determined by the peak intensity level). Common OFI models are reasonably predictive and closed form expressions for threshold and saturation laser intensities (in terms of relevant ionization potentials) bracket a useful range for ion production. They can also facilitate the design of ion sources and laser diagnostics. Results are given from the early OFI studies in gases and aluminum vapor conducted at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bolton, PR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 602 EP 608 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000067 ER PT S AU Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Leemans, WP BE Yakimenko, V TI Beam conditioning for free-electron lasers via Thomson scattering SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID PLASMAS; GAIN AB Conditioning electron beams using Thomson scattering is analyzed. The conditioning provides a quadratic correlation between the electron energy deviation and the betatron amplitude of the electrons, which results in enhanced gain in free-electron lasers. Quantum effects imply conditioning must occur at high laser fluence and moderate electron energy. Conditioning of x-ray free-electron lasers should be achievable with present laser technology, leading to significant size and cost reductions of these large-scale facilities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 628 EP 634 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000071 ER PT S AU Conde, ME Antipov, S Gai, W Jing, CG Konecny, R Liu, WM Power, JG Wang, HT Yusof, Z AF Conde, ME Antipov, S Gai, W Jing, CG Konecny, R Liu, WM Power, JG Wang, HT Yusof, Z BE Yakimenko, V TI The argonne wakefield accelerator facility: Capabilities and experiments SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB A description of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator is presented, pointing out the unique capabilities of the facility. A photocathode RF gun produces electron bunches with tens of nanocoulombs of charge, which are used to excite wakefields. A second photocathode RF gun generates electron bunches that are used to probe these wakefields. An overview of the experimental program carried out at the facility is also presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Conde, ME (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 657 EP 662 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000075 ER PT S AU Yakimenko, V AF Yakimenko, V BE Yakimenko, V TI The accelerator test facility at Brookhaven: Main capabilities SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB Brookhaven National Laboratory's (BNL's) Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) is a user facility for accelerator- and beam- physics. Researchers from national and foreign universities. the DOE's national laboratories, and small businesses can carry out their experiments here, thereby relieving their institutions and companies from the large investment in accelerators. lasers, control and diagnostic equipment, and trained accelerator operators, all of which BNL's ATF offers. The main emphasis of this paper is on the capabilities of the ATF that I illustrate by discussing a few experiments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11790 USA. RP Yakimenko, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11790 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 677 EP 683 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000078 ER PT S AU Brown, WJ Hartemann, FV AF Brown, WJ Hartemann, FV BE Yakimenko, V TI Brightness optimization of ultra-fast Thomson scattering x-ray sources SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID COMPTON-SCATTERING; LASER-PULSES; BEAMS AB We present simple scaling relations of the brightness a Thomson x-ray source on the electron and laser beam parameters in the case of a head (180 degree) interaction geometry. In particular, it is shown that a direct relation exists between the x-ray brightness and the electron beam brightness. These relations are discussed in the context of the PLEIADES Thomson x-ray source, where 10(7) photons per pulse, with photon energies as high as 140 keno have been produced by colliding a 0.25 nC, picosecond electron bunch with a 560 mJ, 50 fs, 800 nm laser pulse. The estimated peak brightness of the source is about 1016 photons/s/mm(2)/mrad(2)/0.1%b.w. A comparison of the current performance of the source and the predicted performance using optimized parameters is presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 839 EP 845 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000101 ER PT S AU Chang, XY Ben-Zvi, I Kewisch, J AF Chang, XY Ben-Zvi, I Kewisch, J BE Yakimenko, V TI Design considerations for low field short photo-injected RIF electron gun with high charge electron bunch SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID RF AB The RF field and space charge effect in a low field RF gun is given. The cell lengths are modified to have maximum accelerating efficiency. The modification introduces an extra RF field slice emittance. The phase space evolution of the following emittance compensation system is presented taking into account the chromatic effect. The emittance compensation mechanics for RF field and chromatic effect induced emittance is similar to that of compensating the space charge induced emittance. But the requirements are different to have best compensation for them. The beam waist is far in front of linac entrance to have best compensation for the RF field and chromatic effect induced emittance. For low field RF gun with high charge electron bunch this compensation is more important. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chang, XY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 880 EP 886 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000107 ER PT S AU Fubiani, G Esarey, E Nakamura, K Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP AF Fubiani, G Esarey, E Nakamura, K Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP BE Yakimenko, V TI Enhancement of laser injection methods by plasma density gradients SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID PULSES; ACCELERATOR AB Plasma density down-ramps are proposed as a method for improving the performance of laser injection schemes. A decrease in density implies an increase in plasma wavelength, which can shift a relativistic electron from the defocusing to the focusing region of the accelerating wakefield. Also, a decrease in density leads to a decrease in wake phase velocity, which lowers the trapping threshold. The specific method of two-pulse colliding pulse injector was examined using a 3D test particle tracking code. A density down-ramp of 30% led to an order of magnitude enhancement of the trapping fraction compared to the uniform plasma case. without degrading other bunch properties. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fubiani, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 887 EP 893 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000108 ER PT S AU Nakamura, K Fubiani, G Geddes, CGR Michel, P van Tilborg, J Toth, C Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP AF Nakamura, K Fubiani, G Geddes, CGR Michel, P van Tilborg, J Toth, C Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP BE Yakimenko, V TI Laser triggered injection of electrons in a laser Wakefield accelerator with the colliding pulse method SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID PLASMAS; BEAM AB An injection scheme for a laser wakefield accelerator that employs a counterpropagating laser (colliding with the drive laser pulse, used to generate a plasma wake) is discussed. The threshold laser intensity for electron injection into the wakefield was analyzed using a heuristic model based on phase-space island overlap. Analysis shows that the injection can be performed using modest counterpropagating laser intensity a(1) less than or equal to 0.5 for a drive laser intensity of a(0) similar or equal to 1.0. Preliminary experiments were preformed using a drive beam and colliding beam. Charge enhancement by the colliding pulse was observed. Increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by means of a preformed plasma channel is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakamura, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 901 EP 906 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000110 ER PT S AU Watanabe, T Babzien, M Kusche, K Yakimenko, V AF Watanabe, T Babzien, M Kusche, K Yakimenko, V BE Yakimenko, V TI Angle and length measurements of microbunches SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; ELECTRON-BEAM; ACCELERATION AB A simple scheme for beam angle observation, which is based on far-field, or wavefront, measurement of Cherenkov radiation is proposed. A preliminary proof-of-principle experiment is demonstrated and characteristics of the measurement such as angular resolution are discussed. Bunch length measurements of microbunches via coherent transition/diffraction radiation (CTR/CDR) techniques are also investigated. The expected performances of a CTP/CDR spectrometer and interferometer are discussed through numerical calculations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Watanabe, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 929 EP 935 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000114 ER PT S AU Toth, C Geddes, CGR van Tilborg, J Leemans, WP AF Toth, C Geddes, CGR van Tilborg, J Leemans, WP BE Yakimenko, V TI A multi-beam, multi-terawatt Ti : sapphire laser system for laser wake-field acceleration studies SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB The Lasers, Optical Accelerator Systems Integrated Studies (L'OASIS) Lab of LBNL operates a highly automated and remotely controlled Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser system that provides synchronized beams of 2x1.0 TW, 12 TW, and 100 TW peak-power, in a unique, radiation shielded facility. The system has been specially designed for studying high field laser-plasma interactions and particularly aimed for the investigations of laser wake-field particle acceleration. It generates and recombines multiple beams having different pulse durations, wavelengths, and pulse energies for various stages of plasma preparation, excitation, and diagnostics. The amplifier system is characterized and continuously monitored via local area network (LAN) from a radiation shielded control room by an array of diagnostics, including beam profile monitoring cameras, remote controlled alignment options, self-correcting beam-pointing stabilization loops, pulse measurement tools, such as single-shot autocorrelator for pulse duration and third-order correlator for contrast measurements, FROG for pulse shape studies. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, OASIS Grp, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Toth, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, OASIS Grp, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Bldg 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 978 EP 982 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000121 ER PT S AU Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Chaiken, A Gibson, GA Nauka, K Yang, CC Bicknell, R AF Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Chaiken, A Gibson, GA Nauka, K Yang, CC Bicknell, R BE Ahner, JW Levy, J Hesselink, L Mijiritskii, A TI Heteroepitaxy of InSe/GaSe on Si(111) substrates SO ADVANCED DATA STORAGE MATERIALS AND CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Characterization Techniques for Data Storage Materials/Symposium on Phase Change and Nonmagnetic Materials for Data Storage CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB High quality growth of InSe on Si(1 1 1) was achieved by insertion of GaSe buffer layer. Rhombohedral polytypes were formed in both the InSe and GaSe layers. Twinning and stacking disorder was often detected in these materials due to their layered structure. Moreover, in samples with a thin GaSe layer, strong interdiffusion of indium into the GaSe layer was detected that resulted in the formation of an InxGaySe phase. The dominant threading defects present in these InSe/GaSe heterostructures were screw dislocations, which may act as nonradiative recombination centers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jasinski, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-741-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 803 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Materials Science; Physics GA BAF11 UT WOS:000221928900003 ER PT S AU Wabuyele, MB Yan, F Martin, ME Griffin, GD Stokes, DL Stratis-Cullum, DN Mobley, J Vass, AA Vo-Dinh, T AF Wabuyele, MB Yan, F Martin, ME Griffin, GD Stokes, DL Stratis-Cullum, DN Mobley, J Vass, AA Vo-Dinh, T BE Vo Dinh, T Gauglitz, G Lieberman, RA TI Miniature biochip system for bioenvironmental applications SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies II CY OCT 25-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE biochip; CMOS Microchip; immunoassay; pathogens ID IMMUNOSENSOR AB An integrated multi-functional biochip based on integrated circuit complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor array for use in medical diagnostics and pathogen detection has been described. The usefulness and potential of the biochip as a rapid, inexpensive screening tool for detection of bioenvironmental pathogens will be demonstrated. Detection of aerosolized spores was achieved by coupling the miniature system to a portable bioaerosol sampler, and the performance of the antibody-based recognition and enzyme amplification method was evaluated. The bioassay performance was found to be compatible with the air sampling device, and the enzymatic amplification was found to be an attractive amplification method for detection of low spore concentrations. The combined portable bioaerosol sampler and miniature biochip system detected 100 B. globigii spores, corresponding to 17 aerosolized spores/L of air. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yan, Fei/P-1330-2014 OI Yan, Fei/0000-0001-5983-143X NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5539-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5586 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.580126 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBN18 UT WOS:000226254400004 ER PT S AU Skubal, LR Vogt, MC AF Skubal, LR Vogt, MC BE Vo Dinh, T Gauglitz, G Lieberman, RA TI Detection of toxic gases using cermet sensors SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies II CY OCT 25-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE cermet sensors; voltammetry; toxic industrial gases; YSZ; WBO ID OXIDE SENSING ELECTRODE; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; NOX DETECTION; WATER-VAPOR; YSZ CELL AB New technologies are needed for detection and identification of gaseous species in near-real time. Voltammetry, applied to cermet electrochemical cell microsensors. was shown in this study to be promising in its ability to discern and quantify gases. The miniature cermet cells were fabricated from ceramic, metallic, and metal oxide components, and reacted uniquely with gases and mixtures in the atmosphere. Neural net chemometrics algorithms were used to interpret the waveforms to extract information about the presence and concentration of constituent gases. Results to date have shown that these sensors can correctly identify more than thirty electroactive gases while showing a high tolerance for interferents. A single element sensor can determine gas concentrations from the part per million level to the percentage level while arrays provide even better detection and discrimination. This work focuses on four constituents of diesel exhaust: benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, and acetaldehyde. Voltammetric sensors demonstrated reproducible responses to four concentrations of each constituent spiked into diesel exhaust. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skubal, LR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5539-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5586 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.570029 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBN18 UT WOS:000226254400006 ER PT S AU Wabuyele, MB Martin, ME Yan, F Stokes, DL Mobley, J Cullum, BM Wintenberg, A Lenarduzzi, R Vo-Dinh, T AF Wabuyele, MB Martin, ME Yan, F Stokes, DL Mobley, J Cullum, BM Wintenberg, A Lenarduzzi, R Vo-Dinh, T BE Vo Dinh, T Gauglitz, G Lieberman, RA TI Portable Raman integrated tunable sensor (RAMiTs) for environmental field monitoring SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies II CY OCT 25-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE Raman spectroscopy; homeland defense; surface-enhanced Raman scattering; chemical warfare agents; biological warfare agents; SERS; portable and AOTF ID NO-MOVING-PARTS; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROFLUOROMETER; IDENTIFICATION; COMPACT; VAPOR; AOTF AB This paper describes a self-contained, portable Raman instrument that has been developed for environmental and homeland defense applications. The instrument consists of a 830-nm diode laser for excitation, an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) for wavelength discrimination, and an avalanche photodiode for detection. The primary component of this system is the AOTF and it has been selected based on its spectral range along with its high resolution, similar to7.5 cm(-1). Software has been developed in house using C programming language for controlling the instrument (i.e. the AOTF frequency, the signal acquisition, etc.). Evaluation of this instrument has been performed by analyzing several standard samples and comparing to a conventional Raman system. In addition to system evaluation, this paper will also discuss potential applications of this instrument to trace detection of hazardous chemicals using the Raman Integrated Tunable Sensor (RAMiTs) coupled with surface-enhance Raman scattering process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yan, Fei/P-1330-2014 OI Yan, Fei/0000-0001-5983-143X NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5539-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5586 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.580125 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBN18 UT WOS:000226254400008 ER PT S AU Lascola, R Zeigler, KE McWhorter, CS Villa-Aleman, E Tovo, LL Ward, AE AF Lascola, R Zeigler, KE McWhorter, CS Villa-Aleman, E Tovo, LL Ward, AE BE Vo Dinh, T Gauglitz, G Lieberman, RA TI Isotopic hydrogen analysis via conventional and surface-enhanced fiber optic Raman spectroscopy SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies II CY OCT 25-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE fiber optics; process monitoring; on-line analysis; Raman; hydrogen; SERS ID PROCESS GAS-ANALYSIS; SCATTERING; SERS; SEPARATION; VAPOR; PALLADIUM AB This report describes laboratory development and process plant applications of Raman spectroscopy for detection of hydrogen isotopes in the Tritium Facilities at the Savannah River Site (SRS), a U.S. Department of Energy complex. Raman spectroscopy provides a lower-cost, in situ alternative to mass spectrometry techniques currently employed at 14 SRS. Using conventional Raman and fiber optics, we have measured, in the production facility glove boxes, process mixtures of protium and deuterium at various compositions and total pressures ranging from 1000 - 4000 torr, with detection limits ranging from 1-2% for as low as 3-second integration times. We are currently investigating fabrication 4 - techniques for SERS surfaces in order to measure trace (0.01-0.1%) amounts of one isotope in the presence of the other. These efforts have concentrated on surfaces containing palladium, which promotes hydrogen dissociation and forms metal hydride bonds, essentially providing a chemical enhancement mechanism. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lascola, R (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Bldg 773-41A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. OI Lascola, Robert/0000-0002-6784-5644 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5539-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5586 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.571898 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBN18 UT WOS:000226254400011 ER PT J AU Boal, AK Headley, TJ Tissot, RG Bunker, BC AF Boal, AK Headley, TJ Tissot, RG Bunker, BC TI Microtubule-templated biomimetic mineralization of lepidocrocite SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID KINESIN; DNA; METALLIZATION; GENERATION; MATERIALS/; FERRITIN; ARRAYS; VIRUS; CAGE AB Protein microtubules (MTs) 25 nm in diameter and tens of micrometers long have been used as templates for the biomimetic mineralization of FeOOH. Exposure of MTs to anaerobic aqueous solutions of Fe2+ buffered to neutral pH followed by aerial oxidation leads to the formation of iron oxide coated MTs. The iron oxide layer was found to grow via a two-step process: initially formed 10-30 nm thick coatings were found to be amorphous in structure and comprised of several iron-containing species. Further growth resulted in MTs coated with highly crystalline layers of lepidocrocite with a controllable thickness of up to 125 nm. On the micrometer size scale, these coated MTs were observed to form large, irregular bundles containing hundreds of individually coated MTs. Iron oxide grew selectively on the MT surface, a result of the highly charged NIT surface that provided an interface favorable for iron oxide nucleation. This result illustrates that MTs can be used as scaffolds for the in-situ production of high-aspect-ratio inorganic nanowires. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Boal, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1413,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM akboal@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1002/adfm.200304435 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 772TH UT WOS:000188857000003 ER PT B AU Surek, T AF Surek, T BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Advanced materials research in photovoltaics: Progress and challenges SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Surek, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000003 ER PT B AU Jones, RH AF Jones, RH BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Hydrogen storage - A critical challenge to the hydrogen economy SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada DE hydrogen economy; hydrogen fuel; hydrogen storage ID CARBON; NANOTUBES; HYDRIDES AB Vehicle range on a single tank of hydrogen is critical for the economic viability of hydrogen fueled vehicles. A range of 500 kilometers is projected for economic viability and this requires the storage of at least 4 kg of H-2. Hydrogen storage concepts being considered and evaluated include: 1) compressed H-2, 2) liquid H-2, 3) bulk storage in hydrides, 4) surface adsorption on carbon and boron nitride nanotubes and 5) generation by chemical reaction of a hydride with water. Compressed H-2 tanks with a capacity of about 2 kg of H-2 stored at 350 bar of pressure have been certified while tanks with higher capacity stored at 700 bar are being developed. Liquidified H-2 tanks can store more H-2 in a vehicle than compressed H-2 but liquifying H-2 requires considerable energy and boil-off of the liquid H-2 is a concern, especially ill enclosed spaces. Storage of H-2 in bulk hydrides or on the surface of carbon or boron nitride nanotubes are attractive because of the low pressures involved. Recent studies have shown that NaAlH4 can be reversibly charged and discharged with H-2 hundreds of times but the capacity of this hydride material is only about one-half of that needed. Storage of H-2 on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes has shown great promise but verification of the storage capacities has not occurred. However, carbon nanotubes have the potential to store about 80% of the desired quantity of H-2 so it remains a viable storage material. Generation of H-2 by chemical reaction of a hydride such as LiH with water to produce H-2 is also attractive because of the significant amounts of H-2 that can be generated by this process. The key issues for this process of generating H-2 is the need to reprocess the reaction products and the cost associated with transportation and reprocessing this product. There are several options for storing hydrogen on-board a vehicle but considerable development work is needed before the hydrogen economy can be realized. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000006 ER PT B AU Pecharsky, VK Balema, VP Wiench, J Pruski, M AF Pecharsky, VK Balema, VP Wiench, J Pruski, M BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Lithium-based aluminohydrides: From basic science to future energy applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, 241 Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 145 EP 145 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000018 ER PT B AU Majzoub, EH Tallant, DR Ozolins, V AF Majzoub, EH Tallant, DR Ozolins, V BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Studies of Ti dopant in single crystal sodium aluminum hydrides SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Majzoub, EH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, MS 9403, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000021 ER PT B AU Walters, RT Scogin, JN AF Walters, RT Scogin, JN BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI A mechanism for sodium alanate decomposition SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Tech Ctr, Strateg Mat Tech Dept, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Walters, RT (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Tech Ctr, Strateg Mat Tech Dept, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 181 EP 181 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000028 ER PT B AU Dinh, LN Schildbach, MA Siekhaus, WJ McLean, W AF Dinh, LN Schildbach, MA Siekhaus, WJ McLean, W BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Outgassing in the LiD/LioH system SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada DE outgassing rate; LiOH; LiD ID DECOMPOSITION AB Temperature programmed decomposition (TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed on lithium hydroxide (LiOH) polycrystallites and LiD/LiOH composite nanocrystals. Our studies revealed that LiOH grains are thermally decomposed into Li2O, releasing water, following a three dimensional phase boundary movement from the surface inward. The rate of H2O released is controlled by a rate constant that is expressed as: dalpha/dt = v.e (-(E/RT)).f(alpha) (1) where t is time; a is the reacted fraction (0 to 1); v is the pre-exponential factor which includes many constants describing the initial state of the sample such as three dimensional shape factors of initial particles, molecular mass, density, stoichiometry factors of chemical reaction, active surface and number of lattice imperfections, and so forth; E is the activation energy for the rate controlling process, R is the molar gas constant, and f(alpha) is an analytical function which is determined by the rate-limiting reaction mechanism (random nucleation, diffusion, phase boundary motion, etc.) [1-5]. Due to fewer neighboring bonds at the surface, surface lithium hydroxide decomposes at low activation energies of similar to 86-92 kJ/mol with corresponding pre-exponential factors of similar to 2.7 x 10(6)-1.2 x 10(7) s(-1). Near-surface hydroxide, having bonding much like bulk hydroxide but experiencing more stress/strain, decomposes at activation energies of similar to 89-108 kJ/mol with corresponding pre-exponential factors of similar to 9.5 x 10(5)-9.3 x 10(7) s(-1). Bulk lithium hydroxide, however, decomposes at higher activation energies of similar to 115-142 kJ/mol with corresponding pre-exponential factors of similar to 4.8 x 10(6)-1.2 x 10(9) s(-1). Bulk lithium hydroxide is very stable if stored at room temperature. However, lithium hydroxide molecules at or near the surface of the grains slowly decompose, in a vacuum or dry environment at room temperature, into Li2O releasing water over many decades. These surface and near-surface molecules account for a few percent of the total lithium hydroxide with micrometer grain size. Experimental data also confirm that the conversion of Li2O grains back to lithium hydroxide during moisture exposure proceeds from the surface inward such that surface states are always filled before bulk states. In a different set of experiments, nanometer scale composite grains composed of LiD inner cores and LiOH outer layers were observed to form on top of pressed polycrystalline LiD upon moisture exposure. Experimental data suggest that the long-term outgassing effects of surface states in these composite hydroxide nanocrystals, which have very high ratios of surface molecules to bulk molecules, are much more significant than in the case of micrometer grain (bulk) hydroxide. The measured kinetics in this work enable the construction of the evolution steps in these composite nanocrystals in a dry environment as a function of time. Our investigation also confirmed that vacuum heating of the LiD/LiOH composite nanocrystals converts most of LiOH into Li2O. Subsequent moisture re-exposure at up to 50 ppm for many days converts only surface and near surface Li2O to surface and near surface LiOH. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dinh, LN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000029 ER PT B AU Schwarz, RB Khachaturyan, A AF Schwarz, RB Khachaturyan, A BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Hysteresis in the reversible storage of hydrogen in metals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwarz, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 195 EP 195 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000031 ER PT B AU Reilly, JJ Johnson, JR Klie, R Wegrzyn, J AF Reilly, JJ Johnson, JR Klie, R Wegrzyn, J BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Preparation of nanoscale/nanocomposite materials using hydrogen driven metallurgical reactions SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada DE metal hydride; nanocomposite; nanoscale; disproportionation ID SOLID-STATE; LITHIUM; ALUMINUM; HYDRIDE; OXIDE AB The direct reaction of hydrogen with a metal to form a metal hydride phase results in a large volume change which can result in pulverization of the material. This hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process was exploited some years ago to produce rare earth alloy powders. More recently the HDDR (hydrogen decrepitation, disproportionation, recombination) process was introduced which exploits thermodynamic instability of many alloys at high temperatures in the presence of H-2 gas and was used to produce improved magnetic alloys. We have extended this process to produce nanocomposite materials by introducing a reducible metal oxide which greatly increases the number of possible reactions. Such solid state reactions fall into a wide class which may be designated as hydrogen driven metallurgical reactions (HDMR). We will discuss the versatility of this process to produce many types of nanocomposite (or nano-scale) materials, particularly those of interest for use as Li anodes in batteries and for improved hydrogen storage compounds. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reilly, JJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000034 ER PT B AU Paglieri, SN Birdsell, SA Snow, RC Smith, FM Tewell, CR AF Paglieri, SN Birdsell, SA Snow, RC Smith, FM Tewell, CR BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Development of palladium composite membranes for hydrogen separation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada DE vanadium; copper; PVD; metallic interdiffusion; composite membrane; AES ID NI ALLOY MEMBRANES; METAL MEMBRANES; PERMEATION CHARACTERISTICS; FLUX AB Two types of palladium composite membrane were investigated for hydrogen separation. A palladium alloy membrane was prepared by electroless plating a layer of palladium (similar to20 mum) and then copper onto a commercially available porous (nominal 0.2 mum pores) alpha-alumina substrate. The resulting multilayer metal film was annealed at 355degreesC for several days to promote metallic interdiffusion and alloy formation. During the heat treatment, a maximum hydrogen flux of 0.15 mol (STP)/m(2.)s was observed at 355degreesC and a pressure drop (DeltaP) across the membrane of 6.8 atm. The H-2/Ar ideal separation factor was 68 at these conditions, however, the separation factor decreased upon thermal cycling. The other type of membrane fabricated was a palladium coated vanadium-copper alloy foil where the main advantage is the reduction in palladium film coating thickness to 100 nm per side. New methods are being developed for welding the thin foil into modules for testing. The hydrogen flux through a pinhole-free, 75 mum thick Pd/VCu1.1/Pd (atomic %) composite membrane was 0.66 mol (STP)/m(2.)s at 350degreesC and DeltaP = 3.5 atm compared to 0.44 mol (STp)/m(2.)s for a 71 mum thick Pd/VCu10/Pd membrane. Vanadium alloy composition was checked using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paglieri, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-C348, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000035 ER PT B AU Wermer, JR Howard, DW AF Wermer, JR Howard, DW BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Separation of small amounts of tritium from nitrogen and argon gas streams SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tritium Sci & Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wermer, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tritium Sci & Engn Grp, POB 1663,MS C348, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000038 ER PT B AU Teter, DF Hanrahan, RJ AF Teter, DF Hanrahan, RJ BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Effects of surface conditions and thermomechanical processing on uranium hydride kinetics SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Teter, DF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST6,Bikini Atoll Rd,MS G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 247 EP 247 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000040 ER PT B AU Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Advances in magnetic cooling SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000045 ER PT B AU Paglier, SN Wermer, JR Oona, H Baker, JD AF Paglier, SN Wermer, JR Oona, H Baker, JD BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Methane cracking properties of nitrided Zr-Mn-Fe-Al getters SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada DE zirconium; manganese; iron; aluminum; nitride; getter; capacity ID TRITIUM PURIFICATION; FLOW PROCESSES; ALLOY; REDUCTION; HYDROGEN AB A non-evaporable getter, Zr(Mn0.5Fe0.5Al0.5)(2) (SAES St909), was tested in a flow-through system to determine its ability to decompose (crack) methane and liberate hydrogen in either nitrogen or helium carrier gas. Nitrogen reaction with the getter apparently reduced its ability to crack methane and its capacity for carbon. However, raising the operating temperature from 700 to 800 degreesC resulted in better performance. The methane cracking efficiency of St909 with an additional 10 wt.% aluminum was affected more drastically by the presence of nitrogen. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paglier, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-C3487, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000067 ER PT B AU Angelini, P Sikka, V Santella, M Martocci, A Mengel, J Fabina, L AF Angelini, P Sikka, V Santella, M Martocci, A Mengel, J Fabina, L BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Energy benefits of using nickel aluminide intermetallic alloy furnace rolls and new damper controls at ISG Burns Harbor Plate's annealing furnace SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Angelini, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, 1 Bethal Valley Rd,POB 2008,MS 6065, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000070 ER PT S AU Silbernagel, CT Torres, P Kalantar, DH AF Silbernagel, CT Torres, P Kalantar, DH BE Luk, FT TI A method for analyzing high resolution, time domain, streak camera calibration data SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XIV CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE streak camera; time domain; calibration; IDL; analysis; temporal; spatial AB Many experiments that require a highly accurate continuous time history of photon emission incorporate streak cameras into their setup. Nonlinear recordings both in time and spatial displacement are inherent to streak camera measurements. These nonlinearities can be attributed to sweep rate electronics. curvature of the electron optics, the magnification, and resolution of the electron optics. These nonlinearities are systematic; it has been shown that a short pulse laser source. an air-spaced etalon of known separation, and a defined spatial resolution mask can provide the proper image information to correct for the resulting distortion. A set of Interactive Data Language (IDL)(1) software routines were developed to take a series of calibration images showing temporally and spatially displaced points. and map these points from a nonlinear to a linear space-time resultant function. This correction function. in combination with standardized image correction techniques, can be applied to experiment data to minimize systematic errors and improve temporal and spatial resolution measurements. C1 Bechtel Nevada, Livermore Operat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Silbernagel, CT (reprint author), Bechtel Nevada, Livermore Operat, POB 2710, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5497-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5559 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1117/12.560040 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ48 UT WOS:000225812400042 ER PT S AU White, RR Wren, J Davis, H Galassi, M Starr, D Vestrand, WT Wozniak, P AF White, RR Wren, J Davis, H Galassi, M Starr, D Vestrand, WT Wozniak, P BE Lewis, H Raffi, G TI TALON - The telescope alert operation network system: Intelligent linking of distributed autonomous robotic telescopes SO ADVANCED SOFTWARE, CONTROL, AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Software, Control and Communication Systems for Astronomy CY JUN 21-22, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE robotic telescope; communication; distributed sensor; optical transient; network servers ID SKY AB The internet has brought about great change in the astronomical community, but this interconnectivity is just starting to be exploited for use in instrumentation. Utilizing the internet for communicating between distributed astronomical systems is still in its infancy, but it already shows great potential. Here we present an example of a distributed network of telescopes that performs more efficiently in synchronous operation than as individual instruments. RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) is a system of telescopes at LANL that has intelligent intercommunication, combined with wide-field optics, temporal monitoring software, and deep-field follow-up capability all working in closed-loop real-time operation. The Telescope ALert Operations Network (TALON) is a network server that allows intercommunication of alert triggers from external and internal resources and controls the distribution of these to each of the telescopes on the network. TALON is designed to grow, allowing any number of telescopes to be linked together and communicate. Coupled with an intelligent alert client at each telescope, it can analyze and respond to each distributed TALON alert based on the telescopes needs and schedule. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP White, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5428-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5496 BP 302 EP 312 DI 10.1117/12.549438 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB63 UT WOS:000224576500030 ER PT S AU Baker, KL Olivier, SS Tucker, J Silva, DA Gavel, D Lim, R Gratrix, E AF Baker, KL Olivier, SS Tucker, J Silva, DA Gavel, D Lim, R Gratrix, E BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Design and progress toward a multi-conjugate adaptive optics system for distributed aberration correction SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE multi-conjugate; adaptive; optics AB This article investigates the use of a multi-conjugate adaptive optics system to improve the field-of-view for the system. The emphasis of this research is to develop techniques to improve the performance of optical systems with applications to horizontal imaging. The design and wave optics simulations of the proposed system are given. Preliminary results from the multi-conjugate adaptive optics system are also presented. The experimental system utilizes a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator and an interferometric wave-front sensor for correction and sensing of the phase aberrations, respectively. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 200 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.559786 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300018 ER PT S AU Baker, KL Stappaerts, EA Gavel, D Tucker, J Silva, DA Wilks, SC Olivier, SS Olsen, J AF Baker, KL Stappaerts, EA Gavel, D Tucker, J Silva, DA Wilks, SC Olivier, SS Olsen, J BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Adaptive compensation of atmospheric turbulence utilizing an interferometric wave-front sensor and a high-resolution MEMS-based spatial light modulator SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive; optics ID OPTICS AB Horizontal path correction of optical beam propagation presents a severe challenge to adaptive optics systems due to the short transverse coherence length and the high degree of scintillation incurred by propagation along these paths. The system presented operates with nearly monochromatic light. It does not require a global reconstruction of the phase, thereby eliminating issues with branch points and making its performance relatively unaffected by scintillation. The systems pixel count, 1024, and relatively high correction speed, in excess of 800 Hz, enable its use for correction of horizontal path beam propagation. We present results from laboratory and field tests of the system in which we have achieved Strehl ratios greater than 0.5. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1117/12.563669 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300025 ER PT S AU van Dam, MA Le Mignant, D Macintosh, BA AF van Dam, MA Le Mignant, D Macintosh, BA BE Calia, DB Ellerbroek, BL Ragazzoni, R TI Characterization of adaptive optics at Keck Observatory: Part II SO ADVANCEMENTS IN ADAPTIVE OPTICS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advancements in Adaptive Optics CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront sensing; Shack-Hartmann; Keck Observatory ID LEAST-SQUARES; SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; CONTROLLER; PHASE AB This paper is a continuation of the characterization of adaptive optics (AO) at Keck Observatory (SPIE 5169-01). The bandwidth and measurement noise error terms are often the important sources of wave-front error. Here, we show how the magnitude of these two terms is estimated. First, the Bayesian wave-front reconstructor employed at Keck Observatory is presented and shown to perform better than a conventional SVD reconstructor. A novel technique used to estimate the size of the spot on a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor quad cell detector is introduced, along with experimental results using this technique. The spot size is an essential component of the dynamic model of the AO system, which is presented and used to find the bandwidth and noise error terms. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van Dam, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5422-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5490 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.552303 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG30 UT WOS:000225417900017 ER PT S AU Evans, JW Sommargren, G Poyneer, L Macintosh, B Severson, S Dillon, D Sheinis, A Palmer, D Kasdin, J Olivier, S AF Evans, JW Sommargren, G Poyneer, L Macintosh, B Severson, S Dillon, D Sheinis, A Palmer, D Kasdin, J Olivier, S BE Calia, DB Ellerbroek, BL Ragazzoni, R TI Extreme adaptive optics testbed: Results and future work SO ADVANCEMENTS IN ADAPTIVE OPTICS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advancements in Adaptive Optics CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE high-contrast imaging; extrasolar planet detection; interferometery; adaptive optics; micro-electrical-mechanical-systems AB "Extreme" adaptive optics systems are optimized for ultra-high-contrast applications, such as ground-based extrasolar planet detection. The Extreme Adaptive Optics Testbed at UC Santa Cruz is being used to investigate and develop technologies for high-contrast imaging, especially wavefront control. A simple optical design allows us to minimize wavefront error and maximize the experimentally achievable contrast before progressing to a more complex set-up. A phase shifting diffraction interferometer is used to measure wavefront errors with sub-nm precision and accuracy. We have demonstrated RMS wavefront errors of <1.3 nm and a contrast of >10(-7) over a substantial region using a shaped pupil. Current work includes the installation and characterization of a 1024-actuator Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) deformable mirror, manufactured by Boston Micro-Machines, which will be used for wavefront control. In our initial experiments we can flatten the deformable mirror to 1.8-nm RMS wavefront error within a control radius of 5-13 cycles per aperture. Ultimately this testbed will be used to test all aspects of the system architecture for an extrasolar planet-finding AO system. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5422-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5490 BP 954 EP 959 DI 10.1117/12.551762 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG30 UT WOS:000225417900097 ER PT J AU Zhou, JH Thompson, DK AF Zhou, JH Thompson, DK TI Microarray technology and applications in environmental microbiology SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 82 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID BACTERIUM DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; ARCHAEON PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; GROWING NEURAL-NETWORK; SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; DNA MICROARRAYS; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhou, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 178 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 2004 VL 82 BP 183 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(03)82004-7 PG 88 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BCS91 UT WOS:000231090700004 ER PT S AU Qafoku, NP Van Ranst, E Noble, A Baert, G AF Qafoku, NP Van Ranst, E Noble, A Baert, G BE Sparks, DL TI Variable charge soils: Their mineralogy, chemistry and management SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 84 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; X-RAY-REFLECTIVITY; VOLCANIC ASH SOILS; CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; BINARY OXIDE SUSPENSIONS; DIFFUSE DOUBLE-LAYER; OBSERVED IN-SITU; SURFACE-CHARGE; CLAY MINERALOGY; NORTHEASTERN JAPAN AB Soils in the Oxisols, Ultisols, Alfisols, Spodosols and Andisols orders that are rich in constituents with surface reactive groups with amphoteric properties are considered variable charge soils (VCS). They have developed under intensive weathering in subtropical and tropical regions or from volcanic ash parent material. The magnitude and sign of the surface charge of variable charge constituents depend on the chemistry of the contacting solution (pH and ionic strength). The mineralogical, physical and chemical characteristics of these soil systems are different from those observed in soil systems of temperate regions. In this chapter, the mineralogy, chemistry and management of VCS are reviewed and discussed, focusing on the chemistry of these systems. (C) 2004 by Elsevier Inc. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. IWMI, Bangkok, Thailand. Hogesch Gent, Ghent, Belgium. RP Qafoku, NP (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. OI Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 NR 271 TC 58 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000782-7 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2004 VL 84 BP 159 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(04)84004-5 PG 57 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAU70 UT WOS:000223638600004 ER PT S AU Tomasik, P Schilling, CH AF Tomasik, P Schilling, CH BE Horton, D TI Chemical modification of starch SO ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 59 SE Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry LA English DT Review ID ANIONIC GRAFT POLYMERIZATION; HEAVY-METAL REMOVAL; STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBERS; OXIDIZED POTATO STARCH; GRANULAR CORN STARCH; DARSTELLUNG HOCHMOLEKULARER PHARMAZEUTIKA; GELATINIZED WHEAT STARCH; METHACRYLONITRILE METHACRYLATE MIXTURES; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MANGANIC PYROPHOSPHATE INITIATION C1 Hugon Kollataj Acad Agr, Dept Chem & Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Tomasik, P (reprint author), Saginaw Valley State Univ, University Ctr, MI USA. NR 3261 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 10 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2318 BN 0-12-007259-9 J9 ADV CARBOHYD CHEM BI JI Adv. Carbohydr .Chem. Biochem. PY 2004 VL 59 BP 175 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S0065-2318(04)59005-4 PG 229 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BBV52 UT WOS:000228030300005 PM 15607766 ER PT S AU Stepanov, S AF Stepanov, S BE DelRio, MS TI X-ray server: an online resource for simulations of X-ray diffraction and scattering SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR X-RAY AND NEUTRON OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray and Neutron Optics CY AUG 03-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE X-ray diffraction; X-ray scattering; X-ray optics; X-ray theory; web-based computations ID INTERFACE ROUGHNESS; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; BRAGG-DIFFRACTION; PHASE PROBLEM; SUPERLATTICES; MULTILAYERS; REFLECTION; ALGORITHM AB X-ray Server is a public project operational at the APS since 1997 with the goals to explore novel network technologies for providing wide scientific community with access to personal research results, establishing scientific collaborations, and refining scientific software. The Server provides Web-based access to a number of programs developed by the author in the field of X-ray diffraction and scattering. The software code operates directly on the Server available for use without downloading. Currently seven programs are accessible that have been used more than 85,000 times. This report discusses the Server philosophy, provides an overview of the physical models and algorithms beneath the codes and demonstrates some applications of the programs. It is shown with examples and statistics how the Server goals are achieved. The plans for further X-ray Server development are outlined. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, GM CA, CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, GM CA, CAT, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Av Bldg 436, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sstepanov@anl.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5474-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5536 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.1117/12.557549 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBH61 UT WOS:000225564800002 ER PT S AU Stoica, AD Wang, XL Lee, WT Richardson, W AF Stoica, AD Wang, XL Lee, WT Richardson, W BE DelRio, MS TI Multiple-stage tapered neutron guide as a broad band focusing system SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR X-RAY AND NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray and Neutron Optics CY AUG 03-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE neutron scattering instruments; neutron optics; tapered guide; focusing; Monte Carlo simulations ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; REFLECTOMETER; OPTIMIZATION; OPTICS AB Neutron guides are widely used for improving the angular aperture of neutron scattering instruments in a broad band of wavelength. However, the usual guides are not effective enough in the short wavelength range. This is especially critical for time-of-flight instruments, which cannot take advantage of focusing techniques designed for steady-state monochromatic instruments. We discuss alternative ways to shape the reflecting surfaces in order to obtain a maximum angular aperture at the sample position at the expense of beam cross-section reduction. An optimal piecewise solution is proposed and Monte Carlo simulations with the IDEAS package are presented. Simulations for General Purpose Powder Diffractometer (GPPD) at Argonne National Laboratory are presented and the impact of a vertically focusing multiple-stage tapered guide is discussed. The results obtained by simulating the guide system options of engineering diffractometer VULCAN at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) are also presented, including vertically and horizontally tapered guide sections. The optimal multi-stage tapered guide design is discussed in terms of instrument figure of merit corresponding to different experimental needs ranging from high Q resolution to high intensity and/or high spatial resolution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoica, AD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5474-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5536 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.560007 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBH61 UT WOS:000225564800009 ER PT S AU Seeger, PA Daemen, LL AF Seeger, PA Daemen, LL BE DelRio, MS TI The neutron instrument simulation package, NISP SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR X-RAY AND NEUTRON OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray and Neutron Optics CY AUG 03-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE NISP; Monte Carlo; simulation; neutron instruments ID OPTICS AB The Neutron Instrument Simulation Package (NISP) performs complete source-to-detector simulations of neutron instruments, including neutrons that do not follow the expected path. The original user interface (MC Web) is a web-based application, http://strider.lansce.lanl.gov/NISP/Welcome.html. This report describes in detail the newer stand-alone Windows version, NISP Win. Instruments are assembled from menu-selected elements, including neutron sources, collimation and transport elements, samples, analyzers, and detectors. Magnetic field regions may also be specified for the propagation of polarized neutrons including spin precession. Either interface writes a geometry file that is used as input to the Monte Carlo engine (MC Run) in the user's computer. Both the interface and the engine rely on a subroutine library, MCLIB. The package is completely open source. New features include capillary optics, temperature dependence of Al and Be, revised source files for ISIS, and visualization of neutron trajectories at run time. Also, a single-crystal sample type has been successfully imported from McStas (with more generalized geometry), demonstrating the capability of including algorithms from other sources, and NISP Win may render the instrument in a virtual reality file. Results are shown for two instruments under development. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM PASeeger@aol.com RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5474-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5536 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.1117/12.559817 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBH61 UT WOS:000225564800011 ER PT S AU Stepanov, S AF Stepanov, S BE DelRio, MS TI How to make X-ray simulation software working on WWW: A simple recipe based on seven years of experience SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR X-RAY AND NEUTRON OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray and Neutron Optics CY AUG 03-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE X-ray diffraction; X-ray scattering; X-ray optics; X-ray theory; web-based computations ID DIFFRACTION; MULTILAYERS; REFLECTION; SCATTERING AB Attaching WWW interfaces to scientific software opens new opportunities to researchers by making their results available to wide scientific community in a way complimentary to publication. We have shown that this task may be much easier than many used to think: the amount of additional code is small, the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) can be written in any language, not necessarily PERL, and the software can be interfaced on any operating system it was originally written and does not have to be ported to UNIX. This paper provides some useful recipes resulted from seven years of author's experience in developing and maintaining highly successful X-ray Web server project. All these solutions are based on free public domain software (Apache, GnuPlot, and InfoZip) and applicable for multiple computer platforms. Some practical examples are provided. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, GM, CA CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stepanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, GM, CA CAT, 9700 S,Cass Av Bldg 436, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5474-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5536 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.557550 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBH61 UT WOS:000225564800016 ER PT S AU Darve, C Klebaner, A Martinez, A Norris, B Pei, L Lau, W Yang, S AF Darve, C Klebaner, A Martinez, A Norris, B Pei, L Lau, W Yang, S BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI The liquid hydrogen system for the MuCool test area SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB A new MuCool test area (MTA) is under construction at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. This facility will house a cryo-system composed of a liquid hydrogen absorber enclosed in a 5 Tesla magnet. The total volume of liquid hydrogen in the system is 25 liters. Helium gas at 14 K is provided by an in-house refrigerator and will sub-cool the hydrogen system to 17 K. Liquid hydrogen temperature in the absorber is chosen to satisfy the requirement of a density change smaller than +/- 2.5 %. To accommodate this goal and to remove the heat deposited by a beam, a pump will circulate liquid hydrogen at a rate of 450 g/s. The cooling loop was optimized with respect to the heat transport in liquid hydrogen and the pressure drop across the pump. Specific instrumentation will permit an intrinsically safe monitoring and control of the cryo-system. Safety issues are the main driver of the cryo-design. This paper describes the implementation of the liquid hydrogen system at NITA and the preliminary results of a finite element analysis used to size the LH2 absorber force-flow. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60500 USA. RP Darve, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60500 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900007 ER PT S AU Theilacker, JC AF Theilacker, JC BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Twenty years of Tevatron operation SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The superconducting Tevatron accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) has surpassed twenty years of operation. The Tevatron is still the highest energy particle accelerator in the world and will remain so until the commissioning of the LHC in Europe later this decade. The Tevatron has operated in a Fixed Target mode, accelerating a proton beam into stationary targets/detectors, as well as a Colliding Beam mode, continuously colliding counter rotating beams of protons and antiprotons. Upon completion, the Tevatron cryogenic system became the world's largest helium refrigeration system. In 1993, the Tevatron cryogenic system was given the designation of International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The operational history, experiences and statistics of the Tevatron, with an emphasis on the cryogenic system, is presented. Improvements, upgrades and current challenges of the cryogenic system are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Theilacker, JC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900016 ER PT S AU Jia, LX Montag, C Tallerico, T Hirzel, W Nicoletti, A AF Jia, LX Montag, C Tallerico, T Hirzel, W Nicoletti, A BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Pressure oscillation in RHIC cryogenic system SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Horizontal beam vibration around 10 Hz in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have been identified and the possible sources to cause this vibration have been investigated. To determine the helium pressure oscillations as a possible primary vibration source, helium pressure measurements were carried out in the five cryogenic transfer lines at two valve boxes and six lead ports at one triplet cryostat for both magnet rings. Additionally, cold masses inside one triplet cryostat have also been equipped with accelerometers to further investigate the phenomenon. This paper reports the helium pressure oscillations, including one at 10 Hz with peak-to-peak pressure of 7 kPa, which is close to the frequency of beam vibration. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jia, LX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900018 ER PT S AU Arenius, D Chronis, W Creel, J Dixon, K Ganni, V Knudsen, P AF Arenius, D Chronis, W Creel, J Dixon, K Ganni, V Knudsen, P BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Cryogenic system for the spallation neutron source SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a neutron-scattering facility being built at Oak Ridge, TN for the US Department of Energy. The SNS accelerator linac consists of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities in cryostats (cryomodules). The linac cryomodules are cooled to 2.1 K by a 2300 watt cryogenic refrigeration system. As an SNS partner laboratory, Jefferson Lab is responsible for the installed integrated cryogenic system design for the SNS linac accelerator consisting of major subsystem equipment engineered and procured from industry. Jefferson Lab's work included developing the major vendor subsystem equipment procurement specifications, equipment procurement, and the integrated system engineering support of the field installation and commissioning The major cryogenic system components include liquid nitrogen storage, gaseous helium storage, cryogen distribution transfer line system, 2.1-K cold box consisting of four stages of cold compressors, 4.5-K cold box, warm helium compressors with its associated oil removal, gas management, helium purification, gas impurity monitoring systems, and the supportive utilities of electrical power. cooling water and instrument air. The system overview, project organization, the important aspects, and the capabilities of the cryogenic system are described. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Arenius, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 200 EP 207 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900024 ER PT S AU Carcagno, RH Huang, Y Orris, DF Peterson, TJ Rabehl, RJ AF Carcagno, RH Huang, Y Orris, DF Peterson, TJ Rabehl, RJ BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI A cryogenic test stand for LHC quadrupole magnets SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB A new test stand for testing LHC interaction region (IR) quadrupole magnets at the Fermilab Magnet Test Facility has been designed and operated. The test stand uses a double bath system with a lambda plate to provide the magnet with a stagnant bath of pressurized He 11 at 1.9 K and 0.13 MPa. A cryostated magnet 0.91 m in diameter and up to 13 m in length can be accommodated. This paper describes the system design and operation. Issues related to both 4.5 K and 1.9 K operations and magnet quenching are highlighted. An overview of the data acquisition and cryogenics controls systems is also included. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carcagno, RH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900027 ER PT S AU Wilson, JD Ganni, V Arenius, DM Creel, JD AF Wilson, JD Ganni, V Arenius, DM Creel, JD BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Determination of the optimal operating parameters for the Jefferson lab's cryogenic cold compressor system SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Jefferson Lab's (JLab) Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) and Free Electron Laser (FEL) are supported by 2 K helium refrigerator known as the Central Helium Liquefier (CHL), which maintains a constant low vapor pressure over the accelerators' large liquid helium inventory with a five-stage centrifugal compressor train. The cold compressor train operates with constrained discharge pressure and can be varied over a range of suction pressures and mass flows to meet the operational requirements of the two accelerators. Using data from commissioning and routine operations of the cold compressor system [I], the presented procedure predicts an operating point for each cold compressor such that maximum efficiency is attained for the overall cold compressor system for a given combination of mass flow and vapor pressure. The procedure predicts expected efficiency of the system and relative compressors speeds for operating vapor pressures from 4 to 2.5 kPa (corresponds to overall pressure ratios of 29 to 56) and flow rates of 135 g/s to 250 g/s. The results of the predictions are verified by test for a few operating conditions of mass flows and vapor pressures. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Cryogen Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Wilson, JD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Cryogen Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900031 ER PT S AU Klebaner, AL Martinez, A Soyars, WM Theilacker, JC AF Klebaner, AL Martinez, A Soyars, WM Theilacker, JC BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Pressure field study of the tevatron cold compressors SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The Fermilab Tevatron cryogenic system utilizes high-speed centrifugal cold compressors, manufactured by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. (IHI), for high-energy operations [1]. The compressor is designed to pump 60 g/sec of 3.6 K saturated helium vapor at a pressure ratio of 2.8, with an off-design range of 40 to 70 g/sec. Operating speeds are between 40,000 and 95,000 rpm, with a speed of 80,000 rpm at the design point. Different heat loads and magnet quench performance of each of the twenty-four satellite refrigerators dictates different process pressure and flow rates of the cold compressors. Reducing the process flow rate can cause the centrifugal cold compressor to stop pumping and subsequently surge. Tests have been conducted at the Cryogenic Test Facility at Fermilab to map the pressure field and appropriate efficiency of the IHI hydrodynamic cold compressor. The information allows tuning of each of the twenty-four Tevatron satellite refrigerators to avoid cold compressor operation near the surge and choke lines. A new impeller has also been tested. The Tevatron cold compressor pressure field and efficiency data with the new impeller are presented in this paper. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Klebaner, AL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900032 ER PT S AU Nicoletti, A Reuter, A Sidi-Yekhlef, A Talty, P Quimby, E AF Nicoletti, A Reuter, A Sidi-Yekhlef, A Talty, P Quimby, E BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Design and operation of the RHIC 80-K cooler SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB A stand-alone cryogenic system designed to maintain the magnets of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at between 80 and 100 K during accelerator shutdown periods has been conceived and designed at Brookhaven National Laboratory and built by PHPK Technologies of Columbus, Ohio. Since most thermal contraction occurs above this temperature, this unit, referred to as the 80-K Cooler, will eliminate the stresses associated with thermal cycling. The cooling system will provide the necessary refrigeration by circulating cooled helium gas at approximately 1500 kPA through the RHIC heat shields and magnets. This helium is cooled by heat exchange with liquid nitrogen and circulated via three cold centrifugal pumps. The nominal delivered cooling capacity required to maintain the magnets at temperature is approximately 36 kW, primarily intercepted at the heat shield. The system also has separate heat exchangers for use as a pre-cooler from room temperature to 82 K. Selection of sextant or sextants for pre-cooling is designed into the RHIC cryogenic distribution system. Topics covered include Cooler design decisions, details of the Cooler as built, integration into the existing RHIC cryogenic system and initial operating experience. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Cryogen Engn Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nicoletti, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Cryogen Engn Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900035 ER PT S AU Howell, MP Richied, DE Hatfield, DR Stout, DS Casagrande, F Neustadt, T Dixon, K AF Howell, MP Richied, DE Hatfield, DR Stout, DS Casagrande, F Neustadt, T Dixon, K BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Spallation neutron source cryogenic transfer line SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The Spallation Neutron Source is a state-of-the-art neutron-scattering facility presently being constructed in Oak Ridge, TN as a collaborative effort among six national laboratories. The ion beam generated in the high-power particle-accelerator system is accelerated to I GeV in the superconducting portion of the linac. This acceleration is accomplished with niobium superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities operated at 2.1 K. Liquid helium supplied by a refrigerator system with a 2400-W capacity at 2.1 K and an 8300-W shield load at 38/50 K provides cooling to the niobium cavities. This paper details the design, fabrication, installation, and innovations of the cryogenic transfer line that transfers the helium to and from the cryomodules containing the niobium cavities. The transfer line is a four coaxial-pipe design with primary helium flow in the inner line, surrounded by a vacuum annulus, surrounded by a shield helium-flow annulus, surrounded by an outer vacuum annulus. This design is similar, with some key improvements, to that being used on the accelerator at Jefferson Laboratory. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Howell, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900036 ER PT S AU Kelley, JP Brown, DP AF Kelley, JP Brown, DP BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI The use of supercritical helium to cool AHF lens magnets SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID REFRIGERATION AB It was envisioned that the superconducting lens magnets for the Advanced Hydrotest Facility (AHF), which was under study at Los Alamos National Laboratory, would be cooled with pool-boiling helium [1, 2]. However, a supercritical-cooling approach would relieve space and other constraints in critical areas, in addition to eliminating potential vapor-trapping in the magnets with the associated heat-transfer degradation. Also, a quench in a string of magnets cooled with supercritical (SC) helium may be easier to handle than for the pool-boiling case. This paper examines various approaches to a supercritical-helium cooled lens system for AHF and compares them to the pool-boiling approach. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelley, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 347 EP 356 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900043 ER PT S AU Geynisman, M Bauer, P Bossert, R Darve, C Ewald, K Klebaner, A Limon, P Martinez, A AF Geynisman, M Bauer, P Bossert, R Darve, C Ewald, K Klebaner, A Limon, P Martinez, A BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Report on the first VLHC photon stop cryogenic design experiment SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB As part of Fermilab's study of a Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC), a water-cooled photon stop was proposed as a device to intercept the synchrotron radiation emitted by the high-energy proton beams in the high-field superconducting magnets with minimal plug-cooling power. Photon stops are radiation absorbers operating at room temperature that protrude into the beam tube at the end of each bending magnet to scrape the synchrotron light emitted by the beam one magnet up-stream. Among the technological challenges regarding photon stops is their cryo-design. The photon stop is water-cooled and operates in a cryogenic environment. A careful cryo-design is therefore essential to enable operation at minimum heat transfer between the room temperature sections and the cryogenic parts. A photon stop cryo-design was developed and a prototype was built. This paper presents the results of the cryogenic experiments conducted on the first VLHC photon-stop prototype. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Geynisman, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 379 EP 386 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900047 ER PT S AU Daly, EF Hogan, JP Campisi, IE Drury, M Machie, D Preble, J Rode, CH Whitlatch, T Wilson, KM Wiseman, M AF Daly, EF Hogan, JP Campisi, IE Drury, M Machie, D Preble, J Rode, CH Whitlatch, T Wilson, KM Wiseman, M BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Thermal performance of the SNS cryomodule SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB When complete, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will provide a 1 GeV, 2 MW beam for experiments. One portion of the machine's linac consists of over 80 Superconducting Radio-Frequency (SRF) 805 MHz cavities housed in a total of 23 cryomodules (CMs) operating at 2.1 K. Minimization of the total heat load is critical to machine performance since the refrigerator capacity is fixed. The total heat load of the cryomodules consists of the fixed static load and the dynamic heat load, which is proportional to the cavity performance. The heat load of the cryomodules is the single largest load to the cooling circuits of the refrigerator. During acceptance testing at Jefferson Lab, a series of measurements have been taken on the prototype and first three production CMs. Calorimetric measurements of the primary heat load and shield heat load are presented and discussed. Temperature measurements taken allow a comparison between actual and predicted thermal performance of two components unique to this cryomodule design: the helium gas-cooled fundamental power coupler (FPC) and the helium heat exchanger (HX). C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Daly, EF (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 531 EP 537 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900065 ER PT S AU Hogan, JP Daly, EF Fischer, J Guerra, A Machie, D Preble, J Takacs, J Wiseman, M AF Hogan, JP Daly, EF Fischer, J Guerra, A Machie, D Preble, J Takacs, J Wiseman, M BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Thermal optimization in SRF cryomodule production SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities are becoming the preferred method of particle acceleration for many new high energy physics projects around the world. These SRF cavities are assembled in series into a thermal structure known as a cryomodule (CM). Currently, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) is providing the superconducting cryomodules for both the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the prototype for the energy upgrade to the JLab Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). Once completed, the cryomodules are assembled in series to form a superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC) utilized primarily for particle physics research and development. During operation, the cryomodule maintains the temperature of the cavities at 2 K, while the external shell of the cryomodule is at ambient temperature (293 K). This paper will present the design, fabrication and assembly of the CM components in order to optimize thermal performance, which is vital to the SRF cavity operation. This thermal optimization will include both static and dynamic heat load considerations as well as design and assembly techniques. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hogan, JP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 538 EP 543 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900066 ER PT S AU Fuerst, JD Shepard, KW Kedzie, M Kelly, MP AF Fuerst, JD Shepard, KW Kedzie, M Kelly, MP BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Cavities and cryomodules for the RIA driver linac SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB We describe cavities, cryomodules, and associated subsystem concepts for the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac baseline design. Some alternative concepts are also presented. Beams from protons to uranium are accelerated with superconducting RF cavities operating from 57.5 MHz to 805 MHz. Substantial cost reduction over the baseline design may be achieved by replacing three classes of elliptical cell structures operating at 2 K by two classes of three-spoke drift tube structures. Cavity count and tunnel length are reduced while efficient cooling at 4.5 K for all linac structures may be possible. Issues include RF power requirements, microphonics, clean handling techniques, separate cavity and insulating vacuum systems, and heat load. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fuerst, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 568 EP 576 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900070 ER PT S AU Waynert, JA Prenger, FC Jankowski, TA Stewart, JA AF Waynert, JA Prenger, FC Jankowski, TA Stewart, JA BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Long term vacuum maintenance in HTS equipment without external pumping SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID OUTGASSING RATE MEASUREMENTS; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; ADSORPTION; RATES; TRUE AB High temperature superconducting (HTS) devices being developed, such as motors, generators, and electric power transmission cables, are intended to replace conventional, room temperature equipment. As such, the cryogenic and vacuum operation of this equipment has to be nearly transparent to ensure market acceptance. The cryostat has to deliver a stable operating temperature requiring little or no maintenance for a period of years. To maintain a nearly constant and low heat load on the refrigeration system, the vacuum must be kept at less than about 7 mPa (5 x 10(-5) torr), preferably with no external pumping system. This, in turn, requires the use of low outgassing materials, and adsorbers or getters that can effectively remove the residual gasses in the system. Each particular device differs in the system volume, the materials used, the fabrication and degassing techniques, the operating temperatures of the various components, and the availability and maintenance requirements, necessitating an individual analysis. In this paper, we present a general approach to determining the outgassing properties of typical materials used in HTS devices, the likely gas constituents, techniques for determining adsorber and getter materials and estimating the quantity of such materials needed based on the operating temperature of the device. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Waynert, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jankowski, Todd/A-8793-2014 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 635 EP 640 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900078 ER PT S AU Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bhashyam, S Carcagno, R Feher, S Imbasciati, L Lamm, M Pischalnikov, Y Tartaglia, M Tompkins, J Zlobin, AV AF Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bhashyam, S Carcagno, R Feher, S Imbasciati, L Lamm, M Pischalnikov, Y Tartaglia, M Tompkins, J Zlobin, AV BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Design modifications, fabrication and test of HFDB-03 racetrack magnet wound with pre-reacted Nb3Sn Rutherford cable SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB A 10 T racetrack magnet (HFDB-03) wound with pre-reacted Nb3Sn Rutherford cable has been fabricated and tested at Fermilab. This magnet is the third one in a proof-ofprinciple series for the use of the React-and-Wind technology in common-coil dipole magnets for future accelerators. It consists of two flat racetrack coils (28 turns each) separated by 5 mm. The maximum field on the coil, at the short sample limit of 16530 A, is 10 tesla. The cable has 41 strands with 0.7 mm diameter and the minimum bend radius in the magnet ends is 90 mm. The predecessor of this magnet (HFDB-02) reached 78% of the short sample limit at 7.7 T. The mechanical design was improved and the fabrication procedure was slightly modified in order to address possible causes of limitation. In this paper we present the mechanical design and analysis of HFDB-03, the modifications to the fabrication procedure and the test results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 767 EP 774 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900094 ER PT S AU Chichili, DR Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Yadav, S Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Chichili, DR Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Yadav, S Yamada, R Zlobin, AV BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Design, fabrication and testing of Nb3Sn shell type coils in mirror magnet configuration SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Fermilab is involved in the development of Nb3Sn magnets for future hadron colliders. One of the magnet design options is based on cosine-theta coils and the wind-and-react approach. Three short dipole models of this type were fabricated and tested revealing serious problems in magnet quench performance. To effectively address these issues, coil tests were continued in a mirror magnet configuration, where one coil was replaced with a half-cylinder of low carbon steel (the magnetic mirror) inside the magnet mechanical structure. This approach has reduced the fabrication cost and time as well as improved the coil instrumentation. The paper summarizes the magnetic and mechanical design of mirror magnet configuration along with fabrication details. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chichili, DR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 775 EP 782 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900095 ER PT S AU Green, MA Dietderich, DR Marks, S Prestemon, SO Schlueter, RD AF Green, MA Dietderich, DR Marks, S Prestemon, SO Schlueter, RD BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Design issues for cryogenic cooling of short period superconducting undulators SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Superconducting insertion devices, which produce periodic magnetic fields, have been built and installed in a number of synchrotron-light source storage-rings. For the most part, these devices have been wigglers, which have relatively long period lengths. This report concerns itself with the special cryogenic issues associated with short period undulators. The motivation for considering the incorporation of superconducting technology in insertion device designs is to achieve higher magnetic fields than can be achieved with more conventional permanent magnet technology. Since the peak field decreases sharply with increased magnet gap to period ratio, the cryogenic design of the magnet system is crucial. In particular, the insulation required for a warm vacuum bore device is impractical for short period undulators. This report describes the issues that are related to a cold bore (similar to4 K) and an intermediate temperature bore (30 to 70 K) designs. The criteria for the use of small cryocoolers for cooling a short period undulator are presented. The problems associated with connecting small coolers to an undulator at 4.2 K are discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 783 EP 790 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900096 ER PT S AU Green, MA Baynham, E Barr, G Lau, W Rochford, JH Yang, S AF Green, MA Baynham, E Barr, G Lau, W Rochford, JH Yang, S BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Focusing solenoids for the mice cooling channel SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB This report describes a design for focusing solenoids for the low beta sections for the proposed Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). There are three focusing solenoid pairs that will be around the muon absorbers for MICE. The two solenoid coils have an inside diameter of 510 mm, a length of 180 mm, and a thickness of 100 mm. A distance of 260 mm separates the two coils in the pair. The coils are designed to operate at opposite polarity, in order to create a gradient field in the low beta sections of the MICE cooling channel. As result, the force pushing the coil pair apart approaches 270 metric tons when the coils operate close to the short sample current for the superconductor. The forces between the coils will be carried by a support structure that is both on the inside and the outside the coils. During some modes of operation for MICE, the coils may operate at the same polarity, which means that the force between the coils pushes them together. The focusing magnet must be designed for both modes of operation. This support structure for the coils will be part of the focusing magnet quench protection system. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 791 EP 798 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900097 ER EF