FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Schmidberger, H Rave-Fraenk, M Lehmann, J Weiss, E Pradier, O AF Schmidberger, H Rave-Fraenk, M Lehmann, J Weiss, E Pradier, O TI Alteration of cellular DNA-repair by interferon-beta SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 Univ Goettingen, Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 SU S MA 2063 BP S373 EP S373 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 853UP UT WOS:000223854700406 ER PT J AU Barth, RF Grecula, JC Yang, WL Rotaru, JH Nawrocky, M Gupta, N Albertson, BJ Ferketich, AK Moeschberger, ML Coderre, JA Rofstad, EK AF Barth, RF Grecula, JC Yang, WL Rotaru, JH Nawrocky, M Gupta, N Albertson, BJ Ferketich, AK Moeschberger, ML Coderre, JA Rofstad, EK TI Combination of boron neutron capture therapy and external beam radiotherapy for brain tumors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 93rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research CY APR 06-10, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res ID RECURSIVE PARTITIONING ANALYSIS; ADVANCED PROSTATE-CANCER; INTRACAROTID INJECTION; BARRIER DISRUPTION; SODIUM BOROCAPTATE; RADIATION-THERAPY; ENHANCED SURVIVAL; RAT-BRAIN; INTRACEREBRAL MELANOMA; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA AB Purpose: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been used clinically as a single modality treatment for high-grade gliomas and melanomas metastatic to the brain. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether its efficacy could be enhanced by an X-ray boost administered after BNCT. Two brain tumor models were used, the F98 glioma as a model for primary brain tumors and the MRA 27 human melanoma as a model for metastatic brain tumors. Methods and Materials: For biodistribution studies, either 10(5) F98 glioma cells were implanted stereotactically into the brains of syngeneic Fischer rats or 106 MRA 27 melanoma cells were implanted intracerebrally into National Institutes of Health (NIH)-rnu nude rats. Biodistribution studies were performed 11-13 days after implantation of the F98 glioma and 20-24 days after implantation of the MRA 27 melanoma. Animals bearing the F98 glioma received a combination of two boron-containing drugs, sodium borocaptate at a dose of 30 mg/kg and boron phenylalanine (BPA) at a dose of 250 mg/kg. MRA 27 melanoma-bearing rats received BPA (500 mgtkg) containing an equivalent amount of (10)B (27 mg B/kg). The drugs were administered by either intracarotid or i.v. injection. Results: The tumor boron concentration after intracarotid injection was similar to50% greater in the F98 glioma and MRA 27 melanoma after intracarotid injection (20.8 and 36.8 mug/g, respectively) compared with i.v. injection (11.2 and 19.5 mug/g, respectively). BNCT was carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Medical Research Reactor similar to14 days after tumor implantation of either the F98 glioma or the MRA 27 melanoma. Approximately 7-10 days after BNCT, subsets of animals were irradiated with 6-MV photons, produced by a linear accelerator at a total dose of 15 Gy, delivered in 5-Gy daily fractions. F98 glioma-bearing rats that received intracarotid or i.v. sodium borocaptate plus BPA, followed 2.5 h later by BNCT and 7-10 days later by X-rays, had similar mean survival times (61 days and 53 days, respectively, p = 0.25), and the non X-irradiated, BNCT-treated animals had a mean survival time of 52 and 40 days, respectively, for intracarotid vs. i.v. injection; the latter was equivalent to that of the irradiated animals. The corresponding survival time for MRA 27 melanoma-bearing rats that received intracarotid or i.v. BPA, followed by BNCT and then X-irradiation, was 75 and 82 days, respectively (p = 0.5), 54 days without X-irradiation (p = 0.0002), 37 days for X-irradiation alone, and 24 days for untreated controls. In contrast to the data obtained with the F98 glioma, MRA 27 melanomabearing rats that received i.v. BPA, followed by BNCT, had a highly significant difference in mean survival time compared with the irradiated controls (54 vs. 37 days, p = 0.008). Conclusion: Our data are the first to suggest that a significant therapeutic gain may be obtained when BNCT is combined with an X-ray boost. Additional experimental studies are required to determine the optimal combination of X-radiation and neutron doses and whether it is more advantageous to administer the photon boost before or after BNCT. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Div Radiat Oncol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Div Epidemiol & Biometr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Norwegian Radium Hosp, Dept Biophys, Oslo, Norway. RP Barth, RF (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Pathol, 165 Hamilton Hall,1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM barth.1@osu.edu RI Gupta, Nilendu/E-3171-2011; Grecula, John/E-3149-2011 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 58 IS 1 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(03)01613-4 PG 11 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 758JP UT WOS:000187631300036 PM 14697448 ER PT J AU Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT AF Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT TI Viscosity and thermal conductivity equations for nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and air SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE air; argon; nitrogen; oxygen; thermal conductivity; viscosity ID RANGE 25-700 DEGREES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY FORMULATION; TEMPERATURE GAS VISCOSITIES; CAPILLARY-FLOW VISCOMETER; BINARY GASEOUS MIXTURES; LIQUID ARGON; DEGREES-C; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-PRESSURES; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB New formulations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity for nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and air are given. Air is treated as a pseudo-pure fluid using an approach adopted from previous research on the equation of state for air. The equations are valid over all liquid and vapor states, and a simplified cross-over equation was used to model the behavior of the critical enhancement for thermal conductivity. The extrapolation behavior of the equations for nitrogen and argon well below their triple points was monitored so that both could be used as reference equations for extended corresponding states applications. The uncertainties of calculated values from the equations are generally within 2% for nitrogen and argon and within 5% for oxygen and air, except in the critical region where the uncertainties are higher. Comparisons with the available experimental data are given. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cricl@boulder.nist.gov NR 288 TC 184 Z9 191 U1 17 U2 79 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 21 EP 69 DI 10.1023/B:IJOT.0000022327.04529.f3 PG 49 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 808QY UT WOS:000220584800003 ER PT B AU Santer, BD Wigley, TML AF Santer, BD Wigley, TML BE Ragaini, R TI New fingerprints of human effects on climate SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; REANALYSES; ATMOSPHERE; UNCERTAINTIES; PRESSURE; HEIGHT C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diagnosis & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0008 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900008 ER PT B AU Kowall, SJ AF Kowall, SJ BE Ragaini, R TI The US approach to the science and technology of legacy waste management SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY AB Over 50% of the U.S. population depends on groundwater aquifers for their drinking water. The subsurface is also where we dispose of almost all our municipal and industrial solid wastes, and where we intend to dispose of residual wastes from our cleanup of nuclear weapons program sites. Stewardship of residual contamination remaining after cleanup of legacy disposal and industrial sites is necessary in nearly every state to guard against potential groundwater pollution. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recently completed two documents designed to coordinate science and technology activities to improve our understanding and management of the subsurface and stewardship of waste sites. In August 2001, DOE published A National Roadmap for Vadose Zone Science and Technology. This roadmap addresses the knowledge and tools needed to describe and forecast accurately the processes controlling contaminant movement and the consequences of subsurface contaminants on our groundwater. In October of 2002, DOE released for comment a complimentary report, the Draft Long-Term Stewardship Science and Technology Roadmap. This report describes technical and social capabilities necessary for containment and monitoring of contaminants at subsurface disposal and legacy cleanup sites specific to the nuclear weapons program sites and identifies needed enhancements to these capabilities. On October 1, 2003 the U.S. DOE will launch the Office of Legacy Management to play a key role in a new program designed to manage, document and monitor the dismantling of the agency's infrastructure from the Cold War nuclear weapons program. The mission of the office will be to provide for the long-term stewardship of legacy sites and to provide for the improved health and safety of DOE workers. The office will ensure that as the Environmental Management program completes its clean-up mission, the legacy activities will remain a visible priority responsibility of the federal government. The functions of the office include: land management, environmental surveillance and maintenance, record keeping, and maintaining benefits for former workers. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0017 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900017 ER PT B AU Rosenberg, NJ Izaurralde, RC Metting, FB AF Rosenberg, NJ Izaurralde, RC Metting, FB BE Ragaini, R TI Applications of biotechnology to mitigation of greenhouse warming: Report on the St. Michaels Workshop, April 13-15, 2003 SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0038 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900038 ER PT B AU Wegener, H Barletta, WA Bosch, O Chereshkin, D Kamal, A Krutskikh, A Lehmann, AHR Thomas, TL Tsygichko, V Westby, JR AF Wegener, H Barletta, WA Bosch, O Chereshkin, D Kamal, A Krutskikh, A Lehmann, AHR Thomas, TL Tsygichko, V Westby, JR BE Ragaini, R TI Toward a universal order of cyberspace: Managing threats from cybercrime to cyberwar - Report & recommendations - World Federation of Scientists Permanent Monitoring Panel on Information Security SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 385 EP 435 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0044 PG 51 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900044 ER PT B AU Ragaini, RC AF Ragaini, RC BE Ragaini, R TI Pollution permanent monitoring panel - 2003 Report SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Environm Protect, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0046 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900046 ER PT B AU Levine, MD AF Levine, MD BE Ragaini, R TI Energy demand growth in China: The crucial role of energy efficiency programs SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0050 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900050 ER PT B AU Kowall, SJ Everett, LG AF Kowall, SJ Everett, LG BE Ragaini, R TI Monitoring and stewardship of legacy nuclear and hazardous waste sites workshop SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 519 EP 521 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0057 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900057 ER PT B AU Hocking, EK AF Hocking, EK BE Ragaini, R TI Achieving stewardship and contributing to a sustainable society through stakeholder involvement SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 522 EP 525 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0058 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900058 ER PT B AU Smith, DK Knapp, RB Rosenberg, ND Tompson, AFB AF Smith, DK Knapp, RB Rosenberg, ND Tompson, AFB BE Ragaini, R TI International cooperation to address the radioactive legacy in states of the former Soviet Union SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 30TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 18-26, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-820-6 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2004 BP 534 EP 544 DI 10.1142/9789812702753_0060 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations; Government & Law GA BCN92 UT WOS:000230346900060 ER PT S AU Cole, EI AF Cole, EI GP ieee TI Global failure localization: We have to, but on what and how? SO INTERNATIONAL TEST CONFERENCE 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL TEST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Test Conference CY OCT 26-28, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc, Test Technol Tech Council, IEEE Philadelphia Sect C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cole, EI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1089-3539 BN 0-7803-8580-2 J9 INT TEST CONF P PY 2004 BP 1440 EP 1440 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBF77 UT WOS:000225277600185 ER PT S AU van Breugel, W Fragile, C Croft, S de Vries, W Anninos, P Murray, S AF van Breugel, W Fragile, C Croft, S de Vries, W Anninos, P Murray, S BE StorchiBergmann, T Ho, LC Schmitt, HR TI Jet-induced star formation: Good news from big, bad black holes SO INTERPLAY AMONG BLACK HOLES, STARS AND ISM IN GALACTIC NUCLEI SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 222nd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP Int Astron Union ID RADIO GALAXIES; COOLING FLOWS; CLOUDS AB We discuss obbservations and numerical simulations which show that radiative shocks in jet-cloud collisions can trigger the collapse of intergalactic clouds and subsequent star formation in low luminosity, 'FR-I' type, radio galaxies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van Breugel, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-413,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wil@igpp.ucllnl.org; fragile1@llnl.gov; scroft@igpp.ucllnl.org; wdevries@igpp.ucllnl.org; anninos1@llnl.gov; murray8@llnl.gov RI Murray, Stephen/I-8685-2016 OI Murray, Stephen/0000-0001-5597-090X NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 0-521-84803-2 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2004 IS 222 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1017/S1743921304002996 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBW85 UT WOS:000228180100163 ER PT B AU Guestrin, C Bodik, P Thibaux, R Paskin, M Madden, S AF Guestrin, C Bodik, P Thibaux, R Paskin, M Madden, S GP acm TI Distributed regression: an efficient framework for modeling sensor network data SO IPSN '04: THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION PROCESSING IN SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks CY APR 26-27, 2004 CL Berkeley, CA SP ACM, IEEE DE regression; wireless sensor networks; machine learning; distributed algorithms AB We present distributed regression, an efficient and general framework for in-network modeling of sensor data. In this framework, the nodes of the sensor network collaborate to optimally fit a global function to each of their local measurements. The algorithm is based upon kernel linear regression, where the model takes the form of a weighted sum of local basis functions; this provides an expressive yet tractable class of models for sensor network data. Rather than transmitting data to one another or outside the network, nodes communicate constraints on the model parameters, drastically reducing the communication required. After the algorithm is run, each node can answer queries for its local region, or the nodes can efficiently transmit the parameters of the model to a user outside the network. We present an evaluation of the algorithm based upon data from a 48-node sensor network deployment at the Intel Research - Berkeley Lab, demonstrating that our distributed algorithm converges to the optimal solution at a fast rate and is very robust to packet losses. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guestrin, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-846-6 PY 2004 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BAG15 UT WOS:000222055900001 ER PT S AU Moses, RW Jacobson, AR AF Moses, RW Jacobson, AR BE Reinisch, BW Bilitza, DK McKinnell, LA TI Ionospheric profiling through radio-frequency signals recorded by the FORTE satellite, with comparison to the International Reference Ionosphere SO IRI: QUANTIFYING IONOSPERIC VARIABILITY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Workshop of the International-Reference-Ionosphere-Working-Group CY OCT 06-10, 2003 CL Rhodes Univ, Grahamstown, SOUTH AFRICA SP URSI, COSPAR, Int Reference Ionosphere Working Grp HO Rhodes Univ DE ionosphere; FORTE; electron density; total electron content ID PARAMETERS AB Electromagnetic waves originating on Earth and recorded in space allow retrieval of ionospheric parameters. Using the Fast Onboard Recording of Transient Events satellite (FORTE), it has been shown that trans-ionospheric pulsed radio-frequency (RF) signals carry sufficient information to infer the peak electron density of the ionosphere, in addition to the total electron content along a ray path between a source and a receiver. In this paper the detailed refractive properties of the ionosphere and the birefringent splitting of RF waves in the Earth's magnetic field are modeled using the Appleton-Hartree equation and an electron density profile based on the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). Applications of this model to FORTE data provide additional information on the vertical profile of ionospheric plasma density at the time and place of measurement. Results of the FORTE observations are compared with the IRI. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moses, RW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rmoses@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 9 BP 2096 EP 2103 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.02.018 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBN80 UT WOS:000226373800036 ER PT B AU Nogiec, JM Trombly-Freytag, K Walbridge, D AF Nogiec, JM Trombly-Freytag, K Walbridge, D BE Chu, HW Aguilar, J Ferrer, J TI A specialized framework for data retrieval web applications SO ISAS/CITSA 2004: International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications and 10th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis, Vol 1, Proceedings: COMMUNICATIONS, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications/10th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUL 21-25, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst, Int Federat Syst Res DE framework; web application; data retrieval; JSP; servlet AB Although many general-purpose frameworks have been developed to aid in web application development, they typically tend to be both comprehensive and complex. To address this problem, a specialized server-side Java framework designed specifically for data retrieval and visualization has been developed. The framework's focus is on maintainability and data security. The functionality is rich with features necessary for simplifying data display design, deployment, user, management and application debugging, yet the scope is deliberately kept limited to allow for easy comprehension And rapid application development. The system clearly decouples the application processing and visualization, which in turn allows for clean separation of layout, and processing development. Duplication of standard web page features such as toolbars and navigational aids is therefore eliminated. The framework employs the popular Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, but it also uses the filter mechanism for several of its base functionalities, which permits easy extension of the provided core functionality of the system. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nogiec, JM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-19-1 PY 2004 BP 249 EP 251 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBU22 UT WOS:000227807500048 ER PT B AU Borozdin, K Asaki, T Chartrand, R Hengartner, N Hogan, G Morris, C Priedhorsky, W Schirato, R Schultz, L Sottile, M Vixie, K Wohlberg, B Blanpied, G AF Borozdin, K Asaki, T Chartrand, R Hengartner, N Hogan, G Morris, C Priedhorsky, W Schirato, R Schultz, L Sottile, M Vixie, K Wohlberg, B Blanpied, G BE Chu, HW Aguilar, J Ferrer, J TI Information extraction from muon radiography data SO ISAS/CITSA 2004: International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications and 10th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis, Vol 2, Proceedings: COMMUNICATIONS, INFORMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications/10th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUL 21-25, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst, Int Federat Syst Res DE muon radiography; multiple scattering; tomographic methods; image reconstruction; classification and object detection ID COSMIC-RAY MUONS AB Scattering muon radiography was proposed recently as a technique of detection and 3-d imaging for dense high-Z objects. High-energy cosmic ray muons are deflected in matter in the process of multiple Coulomb scattering. By measuring the deflection angles we are able to reconstruct the configuration of high-Z material in the object. We discuss the methods for information extraction from muon radiography data. Tomographic methods widely used in medical images have been applied to a specific muon radiography information source. Alternative simple technique based on the counting of high-scattered muons in the voxels seems to be efficient in many simulated scenes. SVM-based classifiers and clustering algorithms may allow detection of compact high-Z object without M image reconstruction. The efficiency of muon radiography can be increased using, additional informational sources such as momentum estimation, stopping power measurement, and detection of muonic atom emission. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borozdin, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-19-1 PY 2004 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBU28 UT WOS:000227809100006 ER PT S AU Johnson, DJ Savage, ME Sharpe, RA Proskurovsky, DI Batrakov, AV AF Johnson, DJ Savage, ME Sharpe, RA Proskurovsky, DI Batrakov, AV GP ieee TI Investigation of pulsed HV breakdown between treated stainless steel and aluminum electrodes with 2 to 8 mm gaps SO ISDEIV: XXITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in a Vacuum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Yalta, UKRAINE SP Tavrida Elect, IEEE, DEIS, Sandia Natl Labs, ABB, Toshiba, Rusian Acad Sci AB The paper describes an investigation of the HV breakdown mechanism between stainless steel and aluminum electrodes. The stainless steel electrodes have been treated with Pulsed e-beam surface melting (EBEST), hydrogen vacuum furnace firing (HVFF), mechanical polish, and given a chromium oxide coating. The aluminum electrodes with various Surface roughness and anodized coatings are also studied. Electrodes are cleaned in a filtered clean air environment to minimize effects of air-born microparticles. Breakdown tests were performed with a 160-ns-FWHM, 1-cos(omegat), voltage pulse of up to a 500 M The tests show that the breakdown voltage drops approximately as the square root of the gap for metal Surfaces with gaps between 2 and 8 mm. The hold-off is about 1 MV/cm for 2.5 mm gaps for EBEST and mechanically polished stainless steel and 20% smaller for polished and machined aluminum. The standard model to explain this dependence of breakdown requires minute particles to cross the gap and initiate breakdown by forming plasma oil impact to an electrode. For the short Pulses used here the particles would need to be nanoparticles with only few hundred atoms. Optical diagnostics of breakdown arcs is presented to shed light on the perplexing physics limiting HV hold-off in these tests. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Batrakov, Alexander/0000-0003-3002-4276 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 0-7803-8461-X J9 INT SYM DISCH ELECTR PY 2004 VL 21 BP 88 EP 91 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBM07 UT WOS:000226098000022 ER PT S AU Anders, A AF Anders, A GP ieee TI Cathodic Arc spots: Ignition probability as a fundamental concept to describe spot types, phases, and motion SO ISDEIV: XXITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in a Vacuum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Yalta, UKRAINE SP Tavrida Elect, IEEE, DEIS, Sandia Natl Labs, ABB, Toshiba, Rusian Acad Sci ID VACUUM-ARC; SURFACES; PLASMA AB Cathode spot operation is initiated by a thermal runway process of an electron emission site, leading to explosive destruction of the site. Arcs are based on cyclic processes, and perpetual ignition of spots is critical. By considering the probability of ignition as depending on surface condition and field enhancement, many properties of arc spots such as spot type, plasma composition, voltage fluctuations, etc. can be consistently described. The actual surface field and ignition probability is mainly determined by local field enhancement whose nature is very different for "contaminated" and "clean" surfaces. The azimuthal symmetry of ignition probability is broken when a transverse magnetic field is applied. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 0-7803-8461-X J9 INT SYM DISCH ELECTR PY 2004 VL 21 BP 152 EP 155 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBM07 UT WOS:000226098000037 ER PT S AU Anders, A Oks, EM Yushkov, GY Brown, IG AF Anders, A Oks, EM Yushkov, GY Brown, IG GP ieee TI Measurement of total ion flux in vacuum arc discharges SO ISDEIV: XXITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in a Vacuum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Yalta, UKRAINE SP Tavrida Elect, IEEE, DEIS, Sandia Natl Labs, ABB, Toshiba, Rusian Acad Sci ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; CATHODE SPOT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EROSION; PLASMAS; IONIZATION; MECHANISM; ORIGIN AB A vacuum arc ion source was modified allowing us to collect ions from arc plasma streaming through an anode mesh. The mesh had a geometric transmittance of 60%, which was taken into account as a correction factor. The ion current from twenty-two cathode materials was measured at an arc current of 100 A. The ion current normalized by the arc current was found to depend on the cathode material, with values in the range from 5% to 11%. The normalized ion current is generally greater for light elements than for heavy elements. The ion erosion rates were determined from values of ion current and ion charge states, which were previously measured in the same experimental system. The ion erosion rates range from 12-94 mug/C. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015; OI Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505; Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 0-7803-8461-X J9 INT SYM DISCH ELECTR PY 2004 VL 21 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBM07 UT WOS:000226098000067 ER PT J AU Newton, MD AF Newton, MD TI Bridge-mediated electron transfer and multiple reaction coordinates SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING MATRIX-ELEMENTS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; TRANSFER KINETICS; MOLECULES; SURFACES; PATHWAY; ENERGY; REORGANIZATION; OXIDATION; DYNAMICS AB In the case of superexchange tunneling, sensitivity of the tunneling gap (Delta) to progress along the thermal et reaction coordinate (including molecular as well as solvent contributions) has been formulated in terms of a general linear response framework, which is used to express the correlation between linearly independent reaction coordinates for distinct et steps. When the tunneling gap is relatively small (i.e., of the order of magnitude of reorganization energies), the corresponding sensitivity of the donor (D)/acceptor (A) coupling (H-DA) and its distance dependence (decay coefficient beta) may be significant. The magnitude of Delta at the thermal et transition state has been compared with other reference values obtainable from optical or thermodynamic data. The initial state at equilibrium yields an upper bound for Delta, and so also does the equilibrium free energy change for charge injection onto the bridge in cases of et processes which are only moderately exothermic. The in vacuo value of Delta may constitute either an upper or lower bound, depending on the nature of the et process ( charge separation or charge shift) and the details of the relevant reorganization energies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Newton, MD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM newton@bnl.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/36, GIVAT SHAUL, PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISRAEL J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1560/LQ06-T9HQ-MTLM-2VC1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 875MF UT WOS:000225423800011 ER PT J AU Haranczyk, M Rak, J Gutowski, M Radisic, D Stokes, ST Bowen, KH AF Haranczyk, M Rak, J Gutowski, M Radisic, D Stokes, ST Bowen, KH TI Effect of hydrogen bonding on barrier-free proton transfer in anionic complexes of uracil with weak acids: (U...HCN)(-) versus (U...H2S)(-) SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXCESS ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; DIPOLE-BOUND ANIONS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GAS-PHASE; BONDED COMPLEXES; FORMIC-ACID; BASE-PAIRS; DENSITY; TAUTOMERS AB A photoelectron spectrum is reported for an anionic complex of uracil (U) with HCN. The effects of electron attachment to a complex of U with HA (A = CN, NC) have been studied at the density functional theory level with 6-31++G** basis sets and the B3LYP and MPW1K exchange correlation functionals. Critical anionic structures have been reexamined at the MP2/6-31++G** level. The B3LYP gas-phase deprotonation enthalpies are equal to 14.56, 15.13, and 15.12 eV for HNC, HCN, and H2S, respectively. The experimental deprotonation enthalpies are 15.217 +/- 0.009 and 15.212 +/- 0.126 eV for HCN and H2S, respectively. Hence, HCN and H2S have very indeed similar deprotonation enthalpies. The photoelectron spectra of anionic complexes of uracil with HCN and H2S are, however, very different. The (UHCN)(-) spectrum reveals a broad feature with a maximum between 1.2-1.4 eV, whereas the main feature of the (UHS)(-) spectrum has a maximum between 1.7 and 2.1 eV. We suggest that barrier-free proton transfer (BFPT) occurs in the (UH2S)(-)complex, but not in (UHCN)(-). Critical factors for the occurrence of BFPT have been analyzed. The difference between the (UHCN)- and (UH2S)complexes is attributed to differences in hydrogen bonds formed by HCN and H2S with uracil. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM maciej.gutowski@pnl.gov; kitbowen@jhu.edu RI Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014 OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568 NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/36, GIVAT SHAUL, PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISRAEL J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1560/PBM0-CM9L-7YBH-W719 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 875MF UT WOS:000225423800019 ER PT J AU Manassen, Y Balatsky, AV AF Manassen, Y Balatsky, AV TI 1/f spin noise and a single spin detection with STM SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; RESONANCE ABSORPTION; PRECESSING SPIN; FLUCTUATIONS; METALS; SILICON AB We propose a novel mechanism for single spin detection based on the 1/f spin current noise. We postulate that the 1/f spin noise for the tunneling current is similar to the ubiquitous 1/f noise in magnetic systems. Magnetic coupling between tunneling electrons and localized spin S then leads to the peak at Larmor frequency in the power spectrum of the electric current fluctuations I-omega(2). The elevated noise in the current spectrum will be spatially localized near the magnetic site. The difference in the power spectra taken at the Larmor frequency and elsewhere would reveal the peak in the spectrum. We argue that the signal-to-noise ratio for this mechanism is on the order of one. In addition, we discuss the asymmetric line shapes observed regularly with this measurement. We show that such line shapes are in accordance with the random sampling done with the tunneling electrons. Yet this predicts a line width at least one order of magnitude larger than observed experimentally, which is likely to be due to electrostatic repulsion between the tunneling electrons and temporal correlations in the tunneling process. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Ilse Katz Ctr Nanometer Scale Sci & Technol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Manassen, Y (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM manassen@bgumail.bgu.ac.il NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/36, GIVAT SHAUL, PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISRAEL J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1560/QD9U-ULHL-6NWH-V0U0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 890DB UT WOS:000226490800008 ER PT B AU Neumann, WD AF Neumann, WD BE Srimani, PK TI HORSE: An extension of an r-time signature scheme with fast signing and verification SO ITCC 2004: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: CODING AND COMPUTING, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Information Technology - Coding and Computing CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Comp Soc DE r-time signatures; hash chains; broadcast authentication; ad hoc wireless networks; low power authentication AB Source. authentication of messages is a valuable tool in communication networks where the source of a message can easily be spoofed Often, when two parties are communicating, a shared-key message authentication code is sufficient for providing source authentication to both parties. Unfortunately, the utility of a MAC does not extend to a broadcast situation involving three or more parties, so public-key digital signatures have traditionally been used to attain source authentication in group broadcast communications. In this paper we introduce HORSE, an r-time signature scheme that yields source authentication in the group setting like a public-key signature scheme, only with signature and verification times much closer to those of a MAC. Additionally, HORSE makes much more efficient use of its keys than previous r-time signature schemes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Neumann, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2108-8 PY 2004 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1109/ITCC.2004.1286438 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAA55 UT WOS:000221352500023 ER PT B AU Jin, G AF Jin, G BE Boyle, T Oriogun, P Pakstas, A TI Packet drop avoidance for high-speed network transmission protocol SO ITRE 2004: 2nd International Conference Information Technology: Research and Education, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference Information Technology - Research and Education (ITRE 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL London Metropolitan Univ, London, ENGLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, SRHE, Gamelab London, LTRI HO London Metropolitan Univ AB As network bandwidth continues to grow and longer paths are used to exchange large scientific data between storage systems and GRID computation, it has become increasingly obvious that there is a need to deploy a packet drop avoidance mechanism into network transmission protocols. Current end-to-end congestion avoidance mechanisms Ill used in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) have worked well on low bandwidth delay product networks, but with newer high-bandwidth delay networks they have shown to be inefficient and prone to unstable. This is largely due to increased network bandwidth coupled with changes in internet traffic patterns. These changes come from a variety of new network applications that are being developed to take advantage of the increased network bandwidth. This paper will examine the end-to-end congestion avoidance mechanism and perform a step-by-step analysis of its theory. In addition we will propose an alternative approach developed as part of a new network transmission protocol. Our alternative protocol uses a packet drop avoidance (PDA) mechanism built on top of the maximum burst size (MBS) theory combined with a real-time available bandwidth algorithm. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Distributed Syst Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jin, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Distributed Syst Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8625-6 PY 2004 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1109/ITRE.2004.1393634 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCR34 UT WOS:000230900700001 ER PT B AU Cai, W Bulatov, VV Pierce, TG Hiratani, M Rhee, M Bartelt, M Tang, M AF Cai, W Bulatov, VV Pierce, TG Hiratani, M Rhee, M Bartelt, M Tang, M BE Kitagawa, H Shibutani, Y TI Massively-parallel dislocation dynamics simulations SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON MESOSCOPIC DYNAMICS OF FRACTURE PROCESS AND MATERIALS STRENGTH SE SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Mesocopic Dynamics of Fracture Process and Materials Strength CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Univ Osakas, Grad Sch Engn, Handai Frontier Res Ctr, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mat Sci, Kluwer Acad Publishers DE parallel computation; dislocation dynamics; plasticity AB Prediction of the plastic strength of single crystals based on the collective dynamics of dislocations has been a challenge for computational materials science for a number of years. The difficulty lies in the inability of the existing dislocation dynamics (DD) codes to handle a sufficiently large number of dislocation lines, in order to be statistically representative and to reproduce experimentally observed microstructures. A new massively-parallel DD code is developed that is capable of modeling million-dislocation systems by employing thousands of processors. We discuss the general aspects of this code that make such large scale simulations possible, as well as a few initial simulation results. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cai, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2037-6 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2004 VL 115 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BAJ85 UT WOS:000222604600001 ER PT B AU Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ AF Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ BE Kitagawa, H Shibutani, Y TI Atomic-level interaction of an edge dislocation with localized obstacles in fcc and bcc metals SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON MESOSCOPIC DYNAMICS OF FRACTURE PROCESS AND MATERIALS STRENGTH SE SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Mesocopic Dynamics of Fracture Process and Materials Strength CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Univ Osakas, Grad Sch Engn, Handai Frontier Res Ctr, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mat Sci, Kluwer Acad Publishers DE atomic scale modelling; dislocation dynamics; dislocation-obstacle interaction; voids; coherent precipitates; stacking fault tetrahedra ID INTERSTITIAL LOOPS; MODEL AB Interaction between a moving dislocation and localized obstacles determines microstructure-induced hardening. The mechanisms and parameters of such interactions are necessary inputs to large scale dislocation dynamics modelling. We have developed a model to investigate these characteristics at the atomic level for dislocation-obstacle interactions under both static (T = 0K) and dynamic (T > 0K) conditions. We present results on hardening due to pinning of edge dislocations at obstacles such as voids, coherent precipitates and stacking fault tetrahedra in bcc-iron and fcc-copper at temperatures from 0 to 600K. It is demonstrated that atomic-scale simulation is required to determine the effects of stress, strain rate and temperature and that such effects cannot always be rationalized within continuum theory. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Osetsky, YN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2037-6 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2004 VL 115 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BAJ85 UT WOS:000222604600019 ER PT B AU Nguyen, BN Khaleel, MA AF Nguyen, BN Khaleel, MA BE Ahzi, S Cherkaoui, M Khaleel, MA Zbib, HM Zikry, MA Lamatina, B TI Prediction of damage in randomly oriented short-fibre composites by means of a mechanistic approach SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON MULTISCALE MODELING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ELASTIC-INELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Multiscale Modeling and Characterization of Elastic-Inelastic Behavior of Engineering Materials CY OCT 20-25, 2002 CL Marrakech, MOROCCO SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Moroccan State Secretary Sci Res, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USA European Res Off, Univ Cadi Ayyad, FSSM, Univ Metz, UFR MIM, Univ Louis Pasteur Strasbourg DE short-fibre composites; matrix cracking; fibre/matrix debonding; mechanistic approach ID STIFFNESS AB A micro-macro mechanistic approach to damage in short-fibre composites is developed in this paper. At the micro-scale, the damage mechanisms such as matrix cracking and fibre/matrix debonding are analysed to define the associated damage variables. The stiffness reduction law dependent on these variables is then established using micromechanical models and average orientation distributions of fibres and microcracks. The macroscopic response is obtained by means of thermodynamics of continuous media, continuum damage mechanics and a finite element formulation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nguyen, BN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1861-4 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2004 VL 114 BP 333 EP 341 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BAA57 UT WOS:000221354200041 ER PT S AU Venugopalan, R AF Venugopalan, R BE Bracco, ME Chiapparini, M Ferreira, E Kodama, T TI Three lectures on the Color Glass Condensate SO IX HADRON PHYSICS AND VII RELATIVISTIC ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on 9th Hadron Physics/7th Relativistic Aspects of Nuclear Physics CY MAR 28-APR 03, 2004 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Conselho Nacl Desenvol Cientif Tecnol, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Super, Financiadora Estudos Projetos, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Ctr Latin-Amer Fis, Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Rio de Janeiro, Comiss Nacl Energ Nucl, Fund Univ Jose Bonifacio, Fund Cienc Tecnol Santa Catarina ID NONLINEAR GLUON EVOLUTION; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; SMALL-X; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; INFINITE-MOMENTUM; LARGE NUCLEUS; CROSS-SECTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTION; BFKL POMERON AB We summarize the theory and phenomenology of the Color Glass Condensate reviewed previously by E. lancu and the author in hep-ph/0303204. We discuss some of the subsequent developments in the past year both in theory and in phenomenological applications. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Venugopalan, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0223-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 739 BP 97 EP 121 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBN99 UT WOS:000226476000003 ER PT S AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L BE Bracco, ME Chiapparini, M Ferreira, E Kodama, T TI RHIC physics: The Color Glass Condensate and the Quark Gluon Plasma SO IX HADRON PHYSICS AND VII RELATIVISTIC ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on 9th Hadron Physics/7th Relativistic Aspects of Nuclear Physics CY MAR 28-APR 03, 2004 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Conselho Nacl Desenvol Cientif Tecnol, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Super, Financiadora Estudos Projetos, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Ctr Latin-Amer Fis, Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Rio de Janeiro, Comiss Nacl Energ Nucl, Fund Univ Jose Bonifacio, Fund Cienc Tecnol Santa Catarina AB I discuss two forms of QCD matter which may be produced at RHIC. I conclude from the available empirical evidence that an equilibrated, but strongly coupled Quark Gluon Plasma has been made in such collisions. I also discuss the growing body of evidence that its source is a Color Glass Condensate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0223-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 739 BP 279 EP 303 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBN99 UT WOS:000226476000012 ER PT S AU Higa, R AF Higa, R BE Bracco, ME Chiapparini, M Ferreira, E Kodama, T TI Low-energy constants in relativistic chiral nucleon-nucleon potential SO IX HADRON PHYSICS AND VII RELATIVISTIC ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on 9th Hadron Physics/7th Relativistic Aspects of Nuclear Physics CY MAR 28-APR 03, 2004 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Conselho Nacl Desenvol Cientif Tecnol, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Super, Financiadora Estudos Projetos, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Ctr Latin-Amer Fis, Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Rio de Janeiro, Comiss Nacl Energ Nucl, Fund Univ Jose Bonifacio, Fund Cienc Tecnol Santa Catarina ID SCATTERING DATA; FORCES AB In this work we focus on the possibility of extract low energy constants via fits from phase shifts of nucleon-nucleon scattering, pointing out the differences between the relativistic and heavy baryon formulations of chiral perturbation theory. Preliminary results indicate that these two formulations give slightly different predictions for phase shifts, affecting the extraction of the low energy constants. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Higa, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0223-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 739 BP 563 EP 565 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBN99 UT WOS:000226476000065 ER PT J AU Kulichkov, SN Avilov, KV Bush, GA Popov, OE Raspopov, OM Baryshnikov, AK Velle, DOR Whitaker, RW AF Kulichkov, SN Avilov, KV Bush, GA Popov, OE Raspopov, OM Baryshnikov, AK Velle, DOR Whitaker, RW TI On anomalously fast infrasonic arrivals at long distances from surface explosions SO IZVESTIYA ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVES; PROPAGATION; GRAVITY AB The mechanism of the formation of anomalously fast infrasonic arrivals at long distances from surface explosions is discussed. These arrivals have propagation speeds c (c = r/T, r is the distance between source and receiver, and T is the propagation time) higher than 320 trills and are observed in the absence of acoustic waveguides in the atmospheric boundary layer (in the presence of wind and temperature inversions) and in the troposphere (in the presence of jet streams). It is assumed that such signals correspond to infrasonic propagation along a slightly inclined ray path having a significantly extended horizontal portion at a height of the maximum effective sound speed within the upper stratosphere (z is about 50 km). Ray theory and the pseudodifferential parabolic equation method are used as theoretical models. The solutions obtained are compared with experimental data on acoustic signals recorded at a distance of 635 km from surface explosions (equivalent to about 500 t of TNT) set off two years apart. A satisfactory agreement between the theoretical and experimental data is noted. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Oboukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 119017, Russia. Inst Terr Magnetism Ionosphere & Radiowave Propag, St Petersburg, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg 191023, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci & Tech Ctr Modul, Moscow 125319, Russia. Res Inst Pulse Technol, Moscow 115304, Russia. RP Kulichkov, SN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Oboukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Pyzhevskii Per 3, Moscow 119017, Russia. EM snk@ifaran.ru NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0001-4338 J9 IZV ATMOS OCEAN PHY+ JI Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 770NZ UT WOS:000188738000001 ER PT J AU Ramratnam, B Ribeiro, R He, T Chung, C Simon, V Vanderhoeven, J Hurley, A Zhang, LQ Perelson, AS Ho, DD Markowitz, M AF Ramratnam, B Ribeiro, R He, T Chung, C Simon, V Vanderhoeven, J Hurley, A Zhang, LQ Perelson, AS Ho, DD Markowitz, M TI Intensification of antiretroviral therapy accelerates the decay of the HIV-1 latent reservoir and decreases, but does not eliminate, ongoing virus replication SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; HIV-1 latency; treatment intensification; virus replication ID CD4(+) T-CELLS; COMBINATION THERAPY; PLASMA; PERSISTENCE; RNA AB This study evaluated whether intensification of standard antiretroviral therapy with abacavir, with or without efavirenz, leads to better viral suppression and acceleration of the rate of HIV-1 decay. Ten HIV- I-infected individuals were enrolled in a prospective, open-label study and received standard, combination antiretroviral therapy with either 3 or 4 agents. The rate of decay of the HIV-1 latent reservoir and the frequency of intermittent viremia were compared between 5 patients who underwent treatment intensification and 5 control subjects with comparable baseline characteristics. When compared with control patients, the median half-life (t(1/2)) of the latent reservoir decreased from 31 to 10 months (P = 0.016) in subjects who had treatment intensification. The frequency of intermittent viremia/year also decreased in 4 of 5 individuals following intensification (2.4/y vs. 0.8/y). These data suggest that ongoing virus replication during standard antiretroviral therapy is due, in part, to the inadequate antiviral potency of current regimens. Despite better viral suppression, treatment intensification did not completely block viral replication, as evidenced by continuing intermittent viremia in some individuals. Additional studies are needed to understand the host- and pathogen-related determinants of incomplete pharmacologic control of HIV-1 replication. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ramratnam, B (reprint author), Lab Retrovirol, 55 Claverick St,4th Floor, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM BRamratnam@t.ifespan.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 00102, RR 06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 40387, AI 42848, K23 AI 01780] NR 12 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1097/00126334-200401010-00004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 804VP UT WOS:000220326500004 PM 14707789 ER PT B AU Jerez, HN Liu, XM Hochstenbach, P Van de Sompel, H AF Jerez, HN Liu, XM Hochstenbach, P Van de Sompel, H BE Chen, H Christel, M Lim, EP TI The multi-faceted use of the OAI-PMH in the LANL repository SO JCDL 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ACM/IEEE JOINT CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL LIBRARIES: GLOBAL REACH AND DIVERSE IMPACT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Joint Conference on Digital Libraries CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ SP ACM SIGIR, ACM SIGWEB, IEEE, Tech Comm Digital Libraries DE digital libraries; OAI-PMH; interoperability; federation. AB This paper focuses on the multifaceted use of the OAI-PMH in a repository architecture designed to store digital assets at the Research Library of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and to make the stored assets available in a uniform way to various downstream applications. In the architecture, the MPEG-21 Digital Item Declaration Language is used as the XML-based format to represent complex digital objects. Upon ingestion, these objects are stored in a multitude of autonomous OAI-PMH repositories. An OAI-PMH compliant Repository Index keeps track of the creation and location of all those repositories, whereas an Identifier Resolver keeps track of the location of individual objects. An OAI-PMH Federator is introduced as a single-point-of-access to downstream harvesters. It hides the complexity of the environment to those harvesters, and allows them to obtain transformations of stored objects. While the proposed architecture is described in the context of the LANL library, the paper will also touch on its more general applicability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-832-6 PY 2004 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BAM92 UT WOS:000222881400002 ER PT B AU Liu, XM Bollen, J Nelson, ML Van de Sompel, H Hussell, J Luce, R Marks, L AF Liu, XM Bollen, J Nelson, ML Van de Sompel, H Hussell, J Luce, R Marks, L BE Chen, H Christel, M Lim, EP TI Toolkits for visualizing co-authorship graph SO JCDL 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ACM/IEEE JOINT CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL LIBRARIES: GLOBAL REACH AND DIVERSE IMPACT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Joint Conference on Digital Libraries CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ SP ACM SIGIR, ACM SIGWEB, IEEE, Tech Comm Digital Libraries AB Visualization eases insight into complex systems such as co-authorship networks. We present an initial deployment of an author navigator application for convenient visual examination of JCDL and LANL co-authorship networks. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-832-6 PY 2004 BP 404 EP 404 DI 10.1145/996350.996470 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BAM92 UT WOS:000222881400096 ER PT J AU Arnold, R Augier, C Baker, J Barabash, A Brudanin, V Caffrey, AJ Egorov, V Guyonnet, JL Hubert, F Hubert, P Jenner, L Jollet, C Jullian, S Klimenko, A Kochetov, O Konovalov, S Kovalenko, V Lalanne, D Leccia, F Linck, I Longuemare, C Lutter, G Marquet, C Mauger, F Nicholson, HW Ohsumi, H Piquemal, F Reyss, JL Saakyan, R Sarazin, X Scheibling, F Shitov, Y Simard, L Smolnikov, A Stekl, I Suhonen, J Sutton, CS Szklarz, G Timkin, V Thomas, J Tretyak, V Umatov, V Vala, L Vanyushin, I Vasiliev, S Vasilyev, V Vorobel, V Vylov, T AF Arnold, R Augier, C Baker, J Barabash, A Brudanin, V Caffrey, AJ Egorov, V Guyonnet, JL Hubert, F Hubert, P Jenner, L Jollet, C Jullian, S Klimenko, A Kochetov, O Konovalov, S Kovalenko, V Lalanne, D Leccia, F Linck, I Longuemare, C Lutter, G Marquet, C Mauger, F Nicholson, HW Ohsumi, H Piquemal, F Reyss, JL Saakyan, R Sarazin, X Scheibling, F Shitov, Y Simard, L Smolnikov, A Stekl, I Suhonen, J Sutton, CS Szklarz, G Timkin, V Thomas, J Tretyak, V Umatov, V Vala, L Vanyushin, I Vasiliev, S Vasilyev, V Vorobel, V Vylov, T TI Study of 2 beta-decay of (100)Mo and (82)Se using the NEMO3 detector SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; NEUTRINO MASS-SPECTRUM; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; STATE AB After analysis of 5797 h of data from the detector NEMO3, new limits on neutrinoless double beta decay of (100)Mo (T(1/2) > 3.1 x 10(23) y, 90% CL) and (82)Se (T(1/2) > 1.4 x 10(23) y, 90% CL) have been obtained. The corresponding limits on the effective majorana neutrino mass are: < (0.8-1.2) eV and < (1.5-3.1) eV, respectively. Also the limits on double-beta decay with Majoron emission are: T(1/2) > 1.4 x 10(22) y (90% CL) for (100)Mo and T(1/2) > 1.2 x 10(22) y (90% CL) for (82)Se. Corresponding bounds on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant are < (0.5-0.9) x 10(- 4) and <(0.7-1.6) x 10(- 4). Two-neutrino 2beta-decay half-lives have been measured with a high accuracy, T(1/2)(100)Mo = [7.68 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.54(syst)] x 10(18) y and T(1/2)(82)Se = [10.3 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.7(syst)] x 10(19) y. (C) 2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 IN2P3, IReS, CNRS, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. IN2P3, LAL, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. UCL, London, England. IN2P3, LPC, CNRS, F-14032 Caen, France. CNRS, F-14032 Caen, France. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Saga Univ, Saga 8408502, Japan. CFR, CNRS, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Czech Tech Univ, IEAP, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Jyvaskyla, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. IN2P3, CENBG, CNRS, F-33170 Gradignan, France. Univ Bordeaux, F-33170 Gradignan, France. RP Arnold, R (reprint author), IN2P3, IReS, CNRS, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. EM Alexander.Barabash@itep.ru RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009; Vala, Ladislav/L-4938-2016; Barabash, Alexander/S-8851-2016 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2004 VL 80 IS 6 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.1134/1.1830651 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 873SJ UT WOS:000225300900002 ER PT J AU Jackman, J Moss, O AF Jackman, J Moss, O TI Mass spectrometry of breath for the diagnosis of infection and exposure SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; EXPRESSION; CHEMOKINES; CYTOKINES AB The inability to distinguish among people infected by agents of biological warfare, those infected by more benign agents, and those who simply perceive relevant signs and symptoms has been a major impediment to the rapid resolution of biological warfare attacks. The initial signs and symptoms reported for infection with biological warfare agents mimic those of more common illnesses such as the flu; therefore, an attack of this ilk could go unrecognized initially, wasting valuable resources and causing major health and economic impacts. One means to reduce or alleviate the threat posed by the use of biological warfare agents would be to quickly determine the extent of actual infection. Here we describe our approach to developing a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method to diagnose pulmonary infection presymptomatically using mass spectrometry. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Durham, NC USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Jackman, J (reprint author), CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Durham, NC USA. EM jackman@jhuapl.edu; moss@ciit.org NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: MANAGING EDITOR JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1-E254, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 854RN UT WOS:000223921100002 ER PT B AU Roach, D Rackow, K Dunn, D AF Roach, D Rackow, K Dunn, D BE Kedward, KT Kim, H TI Installation of adhesively bonded composites to repair carbon steel structure SO Joining and Repair of Composite Structures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Joining and Repair of Composite Structures CY MAR 17-18, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Commiss D-30 Composite Mat DE composite doubler repairs; adhesive joint; Boron-Epoxy AB In the past decade, an advanced composite repair technology has made great strides in commercial aviation use. Extensive testing and analysis, through joint programs between the Sandia Labs FAA Airworthiness Assurance Center and the aviation industry, have proven that composite materials can be used to repair damaged aluminum structure. Successful pilot programs have produced flight performance history to establish the viability and durability of bonded composite patches as a permanent repair on commercial aircraft structures. With this foundation in place, efforts are underway to adapt bonded composite repair technology to civil structures. This paper presents a study in the application of composite patches on large trucks and hydraulic shovels typically used in mining operations. Extreme fatigue, temperature, erosive, and corrosive environments induce an array of equipment damage. The current weld repair techniques for these structures provide a fatigue life that is inferior to that of the original plate. Subsequent cracking must be revisited on a regular basis. It is believed that the use of composite doublers, which do not have brittle fracture problems such as those inherent in welds, will help extend the structure's fatigue life and reduce the equipment downtime. Two of the main issues for adapting aircraft composite repairs to civil applications are developing an installation technique for carbon steel structure and accommodating large repairs on extremely thick structures. This paper will focus on the first phase of this study which evaluated the performance of different mechanical and chemical surface preparation techniques. The factors influencing the durability of composite patches in severe field environments will be discussed along with related laminate design and installation issues. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roach, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 0-8031-3483-5 PY 2004 BP 110 EP 124 DI 10.1520/STP12587S PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BDG88 UT WOS:000233430900008 ER PT B AU Lienert, TJ AF Lienert, TJ BE Acoff, V Indacochea, JE Dupont, JN TI Friction stir welding of DH-36 steel SO Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA AB The objective of this work was to determine the feasibility of FSW for joining DH-36 steel for shipbuilding applications. Welds were produced on 0.18 inch-thick plates of DH-36 steel using tools of W-25%Re with a shoulder diameter of 3/4 inches. The tool was rotated at 400 or 500 rpm and travel speeds of either 8 or 10 ipm were employed. Subsequent to welding the welds were evaluated using optical microscopy, microhardness and tensile testing. No measurable changes in tool dimensions were found after welding suggesting that no appreciable tool wear or deformation occurred. Examination of metallographic samples revealed microstructurally district regions including the stir zone, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base metal. Many of the welds contained small defects near the bottom of the stir zone resulting from incomplete bonding. The base metal microstructure was composed of equiaxed grains of ferrite approximately 15 to 20 mu m in size with pearlite colonies. The microstructure of the base metal also showed evidence of banding. The stir zone microstructure contained grains of acicular ferrite about 5 um in size. No regions of martensite were observed in the stir zone. The HAZ contained regions of partially-spherodized pearlite (fuzzy pearlite) but no grain-coarsened or grain-refined regions. The banding extended from the base metal into the stir zone. The microhardness of the stir zone averaged approximately 215 VHN, while that of the base metal was about 190 to 195 VHN. Consistent with the lack of martensite, no evidence of hardening was found in the microhardness results. The weld samples showed acceptable strain to failure with yield and tensile strengths exceeding those of the base metal. With one exception, all samples failed through the stir zone owing to the presence of lack-of-bonding defects. These defects can be eliminated with proper tool design. FSW of DH-36 appears feasible, and further work is warranted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lienert, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-801-9 PY 2004 BP 28 EP 34 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDM49 UT WOS:000234272300004 ER PT B AU Drake, WM Kautz, DD Vaidya, RU Hochanadel, PW Dave, VR AF Drake, WM Kautz, DD Vaidya, RU Hochanadel, PW Dave, VR BE Acoff, V Indacochea, JE Dupont, JN TI Brazing using 2.45 GHz microwaves SO Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA AB Brazing using microwave technology to heat the filler metal possesses many advantages over conventional heating methods. Microwaves are an efficient source of heat, reducing the power needed for brazing due to the localization of the heating. This technology will also allow multiple assemblies to be brazed during a single brazing furnace cycle. Microwaves can easily be configured for various geometries. Applications where different atmospheres are required can all be accommodated by this technology. Several joints can be brazed during one cycle with an incremental increase in the power applied to specimens. Microwave heating reduces the need for water cooling of furnace components. Several joints have been fabricated using a microwave heat source. The metallurgical, as well as, mechanical properties of the joints have been determined and measured. This research has shown that joints produced by microwave heating are similar in structural integrity to those produced by conventional methods, while still providing the process improvements and features listed previously. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Drake, WM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E506, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-801-9 PY 2004 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDM49 UT WOS:000234272300007 ER PT B AU Hardy, JS Darsell, JT Coyle, CA Birnbaum, JC Weil, KS AF Hardy, JS Darsell, JT Coyle, CA Birnbaum, JC Weil, KS BE Acoff, V Indacochea, JE Dupont, JN TI Thermal cyclability of reactive air braze seals in anode supported solid oxide fuel cells SO Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA AB The popularity of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) has increased in tandem with the ability to fabricate thinner gas-tight yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte layers, which can now be routinely produced on the order of 7 to 10 mu m thick. While this has significantly improved power output and decreased the required fuel cell operating temperatures, the ability to reliably seal fuel cells remains a concern. The seals must be hermetic and be robust enough to retain their hermeticity even under the extreme operating conditions of SOFCs. Perhaps the largest contributor to stresses experienced by the seal is the fact that the SOFC is an assembly of many different materials with different thermal expansion properties. Although every effort is made to minimize thermal expansion mismatches across the seals, the stresses developed during thermal cycling still jeopardize seal integrity. Reactive air brazing (RAB), a method of joining that employs a metallic, and therefore non-brittle, seal material has been used to seal electrolyte/anode bilayers, such as those in anode-supported SOFCs, to Crofer-22 alloy. The results of rapture strength testing will be reported for as-brazed and thermally cycled samples and the effect of thermal cycling on the RAB seal microstructure will be shown. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hardy, JS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-801-9 PY 2004 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDM49 UT WOS:000234272300008 ER PT B AU Weil, KS Rice, JP AF Weil, KS Rice, JP BE Acoff, V Indacochea, JE Dupont, JN TI The influence of ceramic and metallic substrates an the oxidation behavior of gold ABA SO Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID BRAZING FILLER METALS AB A commercial ceramic-to-metal braze alloy, Gold ABA, was subjected to high-temperature testing in air to evaluate its oxidation behavior, microstructural stability, and material compatibility for potential application in electrochemical devices. The oxidation studies were performed on as-received braze alloy foils, on wetting couples prepared using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates, and on Gold ABA brazed YSZ/ferritic stainless joints. The results of our investigations demonstrate that the substrates play a significant role C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-801-9 PY 2004 BP 76 EP 84 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDM49 UT WOS:000234272300012 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JG Hart, BR AF Reynolds, JG Hart, BR TI Nanomaterials and their application to defense and homeland security SO JOM LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; ORGANOPHOSPHATE HYDROLASE; CANTILEVER ARRAY; ENZYME REACTORS; CARRIER MATRIX; NERVE AGENTS; POLYMER; SENSORS; BIOSENSOR; IMMOBILIZATION AB A critical issue to homeland security and defense is the development of broad range collectors and detectors of weapons of mass destruction. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are increasingly important in the area of such separation and detection. This article presents an overview of the research at the Forensic Science Center at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to develop nanostructured materials for applications to forensics and homeland security. Among the many types of nanomaterials reviewed are silica-based materials, molecular imprinted polymers, and silicon platforms. The main aim of the article is to optimize these new classes of materials for the collection concentration and detection of chemical weapons or other related compounds. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1 BP 36 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0270-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 806AV UT WOS:000220407700015 ER PT J AU Nayak, S Dahotre, NB AF Nayak, S Dahotre, NB TI Surface engineering of aluminum alloys for automotive engine applications SO JOM LA English DT Article AB The modification and refinement of surface and subsurface microstructure in Al-Si-based cast alloys via laser-induced rapid solidification can create a natural topography suitable for engine applications. The differential wear of the soft aluminum phase, hard silicon, and CuAl in the cell, along with the divorced eutectic nanostructure in the intercellular region, is expected to produce and replenish microfluidic channels and pits for efficient oil retention, spreading, and lubrication. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu NR 4 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1 BP 46 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0272-6 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 806AV UT WOS:000220407700019 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Thanos, PK Fowler, JS AF Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Thanos, PK Fowler, JS TI Similarity between obesity and drug addiction as assessed by neurofunctional imaging: A concept review SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES LA English DT Review DE dopamine receptor; drug abuse; obesity; positron emission tomography; somatosensory cortex ID BINGE-EATING DISORDER; DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR GENE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FOOD-INTAKE; GASTRIC BYPASS; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; BARIATRIC SURGERY; BODY-WEIGHT; BRAIN; COCAINE AB Overeating in obese individuals shares similarities with the loss of control and compulsive drug taking behavior observed in drug-addicted subjects. The mechanism of these behaviors is not well understood. Our prior studies with positron emission tomography (PET) in drug-addicted subjects documented reductions in striatal dopamine (DA) D2 receptors. In pathologically obese subjects, we found reductions in striatal DA D2 receptors similar to that in drug-addicted subjects. Moreover, DA D2 receptor levels were found to have an inverse relationship to the body mass index of the obese subjects. We postulated that decreased levels of DA D2 receptors predisposed subjects to search for reinforcers; in the case of drug-addicted subjects for the drug and in the case of the obese subjects for food as a means to temporarily compensate for a decreased sensitivity of DA D2 regulated reward circuits. Understanding the mechanism in food intake will help to suggest strategies for the treatment of obesity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gjwang@bnl.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA/ODO9481-04]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA06891-06] NR 67 TC 231 Z9 233 U1 7 U2 35 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1055-0887 J9 J ADDICT DIS JI J. Addict. Dis. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1300/J069v23n03_04 PG 15 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 842NY UT WOS:000223012300004 PM 15256343 ER PT J AU Mason, R Emerson, J Koberstein, JT AF Mason, R Emerson, J Koberstein, JT TI Self-adhesion hysteresis in polydimethylsiloxane elastomers SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society CY FEB 23-26, 2003 CL MYRTLE, SOUTH CAROLINA SP Adhes Soc DE JKR; self-adhesion hysteresis; PDMS elastomers; chemical crosslinks; molecular weight effects ID POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SURFACES; CONTACT; ENERGY; FLAT AB Self-adhesion hysteresis has been investigated in crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) lenses using the Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts technique. The experimental conditions involved relatively short contact times for which interchain penetration effects across the interface are minimal. Only lenses that had been extracted in toluene displayed self-adhesion hysteresis. The same lenses demonstrated no adhesion hysteresis when pressed against tethered polystyrene substrates, indicating that hysteresis was caused by surface interactions and not bulk viscoelastic effects. Extraction produces hysteresis by removing the free chains, which normally lubricate the interface, inhibiting the adhesion mechanism. Self-adhesion hysteresis was only observed for networks with a high molecular weight between crosslinks. More tightly crosslinked networks did not display self-adhesion hysteresis, even at extended contact times under load. By inhibiting the hydrosilylation reaction between residual vinyl and silane groups in the PDMS lenses, self-adhesion hysteresis was prevented, suggesting that the formation of chemical crosslinks across the interface caused the observed hysteresis. The molecular weight dependence of the hysteresis can be interpreted in terms of the Lake-Thomas model [1] for fracture in elastomers. C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Koberstein, JT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jk1191@columbia.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 143 DI 10.1080/00218460490276858 PG 25 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 773UA UT WOS:000188940700006 ER PT J AU Koppenaal, DW Eiden, GC AF Koppenaal, DW Eiden, GC TI Foreword: Collision and reaction cell techniques in atomic mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Koppenaal, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 15N EP 15N DI 10.1039/b405895j PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 820IX UT WOS:000221383500001 ER PT J AU Koppenaal, DW Eiden, GC Barinaga, CJ AF Koppenaal, DW Eiden, GC Barinaga, CJ TI Collision and reaction cells in atomic mass spectrometry: development, status, and applications SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Review ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; DYNAMIC REACTION CELL; ISOTOPE-DILUTION ANALYSIS; OCTOPOLE REACTION CELL; ICP-DRC-MS; POLYATOMIC ION INTERFERENCES; BANDPASS REACTION CELL; ZR-LIGAND COMPLEXES; GAS-PHASE ZR+; HEXAPOLE COLLISION AB The development and utilization of collision and reaction cells in atomic mass spectrometry is reviewed. These devices have been used for decades in fundamental studies of ion-molecule chemistry and have only recently been applied in the GD-MS and ICP-MS fields. Such cells are used to promote reactive and non-reactive collisions, with resultant benefits in interference reduction, isobar separation, and thermalization/focusing of ions in ICP-MS. Novel ion-molecule chemistry schemes, using a variety of reaction gas reagents selected on the basis of thermodynamic and kinetic principles and data, are now designed and empirically evaluated with relative ease. These chemical resolution techniques can avert interferences requiring mass spectral resolutions of >600 000 (m/Deltam). Purely physical ion beam processes, including collisional dampening and collisional dissociation, are also employed to provide improved sensitivity, resolution and spectral simplicity. Collision and reaction cell techniques are now firmly entrenched in current-day ICP-MS technology, enabling unprecedented flexibility and freedom from many spectral interferences. A significant body of applications has now been reported in the literature. Collision/reaction cell techniques are found to be most useful for specialized or difficult analytical needs and situations, and are employed in both single- and multi-element determination modes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Koppenaal, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.koppenaal@pnl.gov NR 110 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1039/b403510k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 820IX UT WOS:000221383500002 ER PT J AU Barnes, JH Schilling, GD Sperline, RP Denton, MB Young, ET Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM AF Barnes, JH Schilling, GD Sperline, RP Denton, MB Young, ET Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM TI Coupling of a gas chromatograph to a simultaneous-detection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrograph for speciation of organohalide and organometallic compounds SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ICP-MS; ELEMENT SPECIATION; SPECTROMETRY; LC AB A gas chromatograph ( GC) has been coupled to an inductively coupled plasma Mattauch-Herzog geometry mass spectrograph (ICP-MHMS) equipped with a novel detector array. In its current state of development the detector array, termed the focal plane camera (FPC), permits the simultaneous monitoring of up to 15 m/z values. A heated line was used to transfer the capillary-column effluent from the GC to the ICP torch, though due to instrument operating conditions, the transfer line was terminated 50 mm ahead of the ICP torch. Minimal tailing was observed, with the most severe effect seen for high-boiling analytes. With this coupling, absolute limits of detection are in the tens to hundreds of femtogram regime for organometallic species and in the single picogram regime for halogenated hydrocarbons. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hieftje, GM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.1039/b311353a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 826QY UT WOS:000221844800006 ER PT J AU Hang, W Zhu, LW Zhong, WW Mahan, C AF Hang, W Zhu, LW Zhong, WW Mahan, C TI Separation of actinides at ultra-trace level from urine matrix using extraction chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL INJECTION TECHNIQUES; FISSION-PRODUCTS; TRUEX PROCESS; ACIDIC MEDIA; NITRIC-ACID; URANIUM; PRECONCENTRATION; PLUTONIUM; THORIUM; ONLINE AB The determination of trace level actinides in a urine matrix was evaluated on the chromatographic column packed with TRU resin for separation. The chromatographic system was coupled on-line to the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for pre-concentration and separation of uranium, thorium, plutonium, neptunium, and americium. 3 M nitric acid was employed to remove the matrix ions, which at the same time pre-concentrated the actinides to obtain detection limits in the range of 0.01-2 pg mL(-1). Different concentrations of HCl and oxalic acid were used to sequentially elute the five actinides. The separation took ca. 25 minutes, with no sample preparation required. Linear dynamic range, precision of the measurement, and lifetime of the column were studied to evaluate the proposed method. The method of on-line separation and pre-concentration of actinides in urine offers major improvements to routine procedures for bioassay analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hang, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM weihang@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 8 BP 966 EP 972 DI 10.1039/b400598h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 843TR UT WOS:000223110000004 ER PT J AU Russo, RE Mao, XL Liu, C Gonzalez, J AF Russo, RE Mao, XL Liu, C Gonzalez, J TI Laser assisted plasma spectrochemistry: laser ablation SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 05-10, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; LA-ICP-MS; ATOMIC-EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID SAMPLES; ELEMENTAL FRACTIONATION; ND-YAG; 266 NM AB This paper presents a brief overview of the current research issues in laser ablation for chemical analysis, discusses several fundamental studies of laser ablation using time-resolved shadowgraph and spectroscopic imaging, and describes recent data using femtosecond ablation sampling for ICP-MS and LIBS. This manuscript represents a summary of the plenary lecture presented at the 2004 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 90 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1084 EP 1089 DI 10.1039/b403368j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 852EM UT WOS:000223738000002 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, J Liu, CY Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Gonzalez, J Liu, CY Mao, XL Russo, RE TI UV-femtosecond laser ablation-ICP-MS for analysis of alloy samples SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 05-10, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTAL RESPONSE VARIATIONS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CALIBRATION STRATEGIES; MATRIX; STANDARDS AB Femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation was studied for the analysis of alloy samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Two series of alloy standards from the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) were used to establish calibration graphs ( NIST 625-629 and NIST 1737-1741). The quality of calibration ( correlation coefficient, sensitivity and confidence intervals) was compared for ablation with the 266 nm wavelength from each laser. Accuracy and precision were established from these calibration graphs by determining the lead (Pb-208) concentration when two of the standards were used as unknown samples ( NIST 627 and 1738). Absolute quantitative measurements were obtained without using internal standards. A comparison between the calibration graphs established with the two series of standards individually and combined was performed. The use of the two series of standards combined increased the linear dynamic range of concentration as well as the accuracy and precision of analysis. Improved performance was measured using femtosecond laser pulses. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1165 EP 1168 DI 10.1039/b403205e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 852EM UT WOS:000223738000014 ER PT J AU Abe, C Nagle, NJ Parsons, C Brannon, J Noll, SL AF Abe, C. Nagle, N. J. Parsons, C. Brannon, J. Noll, S. L. TI High protein corn distiller dried grains as a feed ingredient SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE turkey; corn; distillers dried grain C1 [Abe, C.; Brannon, J.; Noll, S. L.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nagle, N. J.] Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Parsons, C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 264 EP 264 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095201102 ER PT J AU Helm-Clark, CM Rodgers, DW Smith, RP AF Helm-Clark, CM Rodgers, DW Smith, RP TI Borehole geophysical techniques to define stratigraphy, alteration and aquifers in basalt SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE borehole geophysics; basalt aquifers ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; COSTA-RICA RIFT; OCEANIC-CRUST; HEAT-FLOW; DRILLING PROJECT; HOLE 504B; TEMPERATURES; HOLE-504B; POROSITY AB This paper concerns the interpretation of borehole geophysical data from basalt sequences, especially continental basalt sequences that host aquifers. Based on modifications of the rules used for interpreting borehole data from sedimentary rocks, new rules are proposed to identify the internal stratigraphy, aquifer boundaries, and alteration features in continental basalts. The value of several wireline tools is critiqued. Natural gamma logs have limited utility in basalt sequences unless anomalously high-potassium or low-potassium basalt flows and/or sedimentary interbeds exist which can act as marker beds for stratigraphic correlations. Neutron logs can usually discriminate between individual flows, flow breaks and interbeds, even in unsaturated basalts. Neutron logs and temperature logs can also be used to map aquifer thickness in basalt. Gamma-gamma density logs are usually sensitive to the density contrasts between interbeds and basalt flows, and in combination with neutron and natural gamma logs are crucial for the correct interpretation of large void spaces in basalt such as collapsed lava tubes and formerly inflated pahoehoe lobes. Basalt porosity calculated from neutron, resistivity and/or gamma-gamma density logs is commonly overestimated due to the presence of hydrous alteration minerals. Velocity and resistivity logs are best at discriminating between flows in saturated conditions. Magnetic susceptibility logs may capture magnetic mineralogy variations at a finer scale than that of flows and flow breaks and therefore should always be interpreted in combination with other logs. Non-spectral neutron-gamma logs are not useful in basalt, though spectral neutron-gamma logs have been used successfully for stratigraphic correlation and to locate pollutants. Geochemical logs or the inclination of magnetic remanence provide the best data to discriminate individual flows with a basalt sequence, and thus establish an internal stratigraphy. Other tools used alone cannot provide reliable stratigraphic information, but a combination of tools may work. We recommend the combination of natural gamma, neutron, and gamma-gamma density logs in unsaturated rocks, and these logs plus velocity and resistivity logs in saturated rocks. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Helm-Clark, CM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,Mail Stop 2107, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM helmcath@isu.edu; rodgdavi@isu.edu; rps3@inel.gov NR 90 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.06.003 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 766HP UT WOS:000188371200002 ER PT J AU Nivens, DE McKnight, TE Moser, SA Osbourn, SJ Simpson, ML Sayler, GS AF Nivens, DE McKnight, TE Moser, SA Osbourn, SJ Simpson, ML Sayler, GS TI Bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuits: potentially small, rugged and inexpensive whole-cell biosensors for remote environmental monitoring SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lab on a Chip - Diagnosis and Onsite Testing CY JAN 08-09, 2003 CL ENGLAND SP Soc Appl Microbiol ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REPORTER BACTERIUM; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; GENE-EXPRESSION; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; LUMINOUS BACTERIA; STRESS RESPONSES; LUX FUSION; TOXICITY; POLLUTANTS AB A bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit (BBIC) is a novel whole-cell biosensor that combines the environmental monitoring capabilities of genetically engineered bioluminescent micro-organisms (bioreporters) with optical application-specific integrated circuits. A BBIC device consists of bioreporters sustained within a micro-environment, the integrated circuit microluminometer, and a light-tight enclosure. The bioreporter typically contains the luxCDABE reporter genes encoding the enzymes required for bioluminescence. In the presence of a targeted analyte, a gene ( transcriptional) regulatory system induces the expression of the luxCDABE genes. Analytical benchmark data for exposure of the bioreporter Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL to salicylate was determined using a flow-through test system. The detection limit ( after a 45 min exposure) was ca 50 mug 1(-l) and response times decreased from ca 45 to 20 min as the concentration increased from 50 mug l (1) to 1 mg 1(-1). These results are currently being used to scrutinize enclosures and micro-environment configurations to develop a field deployable BBIC. A successful BBIC could provide a simple and inexpensive means of creating a 'laboratory- on- a-chip ' and could be used in a network to protect valuable human and environmental resources. This article reviews the present state of luxCDABE-based bioreporter research, demonstrates the integration of the bioreporters with complementary metal oxide semiconductor photodiode-integrated circuits, and discusses future challenges for real-time in situ BBIC environmental monitoring. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sayler, GS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 89 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02114.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 755MR UT WOS:000187407100005 PM 14678157 ER PT J AU Myers, SM Vaandrager, BL Wampler, WR Seager, CH AF Myers, SM Vaandrager, BL Wampler, WR Seager, CH TI Influence of ambient on hydrogen release from p-type gallium nitride SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MG-DOPED GAN; LOW-TEMPERATURE ACTIVATION; OXYGEN; CONFIGURATIONS; MECHANISM; DIFFUSION; SURFACES; ACCEPTOR; ENERGIES; COMPLEX AB Mechanisms of H release from Mg-doped, p-type GaN were investigated in vacuum, in N-2 and O-2 gases, and in electron-cyclotron-resonance N-2 plasmas. Replacing grown-in protium with deuterium (D) and employing sensitive nuclear-reaction analysis allowed the retained concentration to be followed quantitatively over two decades during isothermal heating, illuminating the kinetics of controlling processes. Oxidation attending the O-2 exposures was monitored through nuclear-reaction analysis of O-18. N-2 gas at atmospheric pressure increases the rate of D release appreciably relative to vacuum. The acceleration produced by O-2 gas is much greater, but is diminished in later stages of the release by oxidation. The N-2 plasma employed in these studies had no resolvable effect. We argue that surface desorption is rate controlling in the D release, and that it occurs by D-D recombination and the formation of N-D and O-D species. Our results are quantitatively consistent with a theoretical model wherein the bulk solution is in equilibrium with surface states from which desorption occurs by processes that are both first and second order in surface coverage. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Myers, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1063/1.1629135 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900013 ER PT J AU Suenaga, M Li, Q Ye, Z Iwakuma, M Toyota, K Funaki, F Foltyn, SR Wang, H Clem, JR AF Suenaga, M Li, Q Ye, Z Iwakuma, M Toyota, K Funaki, F Foltyn, SR Wang, H Clem, JR TI Thickness dependence of ac losses in circular disks of YBa2Cu3O7 films in perpendicular magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION AB The ac losses in three disk-shaped YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films, which were deposited on SrTiO3 by the pulsed-laser-deposition technique and had thicknesses, d, of 0.2, 1.0, and 3.0 mum, were measured in perpendicular applied ac magnetic fields to similar to0.14 T at 10 Hz in liquid nitrogen. The losses at low fields were found to be a strong function of the film thickness. The measured losses were compared with the theoretically calculated losses. The ac losses calculated using a field-independent critical-current density, the Bean model [J. R. Clem and A. Sanchez, Phys. Rev. B 50, 9355 (1994)], agreed very well with the 0.2-mum-thick film, while the calculated losses agreed well with the measured ones when a field-dependent critical-current density, the Kim model [D. V. Shantsev, Y. M. Galperin, and T. H. Johansen, Phys. Rev. B 61, 9699 (2000)], was used for the films of thickness 1.0 and 3.0 mum. However, a surprising discrepancy was found in the values of B-c and B-0 for thinner YBCO films depending on whether they were determined by ac or dc measurements. B-c is defined as B-c=mu(0)J(c)(0)d/2, B-0 is the characteristic field in the Kim-model critical-current density J(cK)(B-a)=J(c)(0)/(1+B-a/B-0), and J(c)(0) is the critical-current density at applied magnetic field B-a=0. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Superconduct, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Suenaga, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1063/1.1630695 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900033 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Lee, YH Hong, KS Jang, JW AF Lee, JK Lee, YH Hong, KS Jang, JW TI Role of internal stress on room-temperature permittivity of BaTiO3 ceramics and thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAINED BARIUM TITANATE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FINE AB Anomalies observed in the room-temperature permittivity of BaTiO3 (BTO) ceramics and thin films with second phases were investigated. In BTO ceramics with slight Ba-excess composition, Ba2TiO4 particles were found and the overall sample permittivity increased, compared to stoichiometric BTO. For BTO films with Ti-excess composition, Ti-excess intergranular phase was found and the permittivity was significantly lower than that of the stoichiometric film. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the BTO ceramics/films were under high stress due to the thermal mismatch with these second phases. To explain the different behaviors of permittivity in two cases, Landau-Devonshire theory was applied, based on a geometric model depicting the different state of stress between BTO matrixes and second phases. The calculation showed that the permittivity change predicted by the theory was consistent with experimental results. This study illustrates the effect of the geometry of the second phase and thermal stress on ferroelectric properties. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Motorola Inc, Semicond Prod Sector, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1063/1.1632013 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900035 ER PT J AU Welty, RJ Xin, HP Tu, CW Asbeck, PM AF Welty, RJ Xin, HP Tu, CW Asbeck, PM TI Minority carrier transport properties of GaInNAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with 2% nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TURN-ON VOLTAGE; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; QUANTUM-WELLS; P-TYPE; LOCALIZATION; INGAASN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; WAVELENGTH; EFFICIENCY; ORIGIN AB GaAs-based heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have a relatively large turn-on voltage of approximately 1.4 V that can only be decreased by reducing the band-gap energy of the base material. For a variety of applications, particularly operation with low power supply voltage and reduced power dissipation, it would be desirable to have a smaller value of turn-on voltage. We report the performance of NpN double heterojunction bipolar transistors fabricated on a GaAs substrate with a Ga0.89In0.11N0.02As0.98 base that has a band-gap energy (Eg) of 0.98 eV; this is achieved with a nitrogen composition of 2%. These devices have a turn-on voltage V-BE that is 0.4 V lower than that of their GaAs-base counterparts. The peak incremental current gain H-FE is 8. The current gain of nitrogen containing HBTs is degraded due to the complex change in transport properties of carriers through the GaInNAs base region. In this article, the transport properties of GaInNAs-base HBTs are investigated by temperature-dependent dc current-voltage characteristics, optical and high frequency small-signal electrical measurements. The characterization of these devices is important to understand the effect of nitrogen on the device performance. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Welty, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-223, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Nikolic, Rebecca/C-3618-2009 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1063/1.1631075 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900051 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Grantham, S Paterson, DJ McNulty, I Noyan, IC Levin, TM AF Levine, ZH Grantham, S Paterson, DJ McNulty, I Noyan, IC Levin, TM TI Imaging material components of an integrated circuit interconnect SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION; ELECTROMIGRATION; METROLOGY AB Two regions of interest on a copper/tungsten integrated circuit interconnect were imaged using two techniques: (a) the absorption spectrum was measured at 15 x-ray energies between 1687 and 1897 eV, and (b) the x-ray fluorescence spectrum was recorded with incident photon energies of 1822, 1797, and 1722 eV. The energies were chosen to optionally excite tungsten and tantalum above their M-5 edges yet stay below the silicon K edge. Four materials in the circuits, tantalum, tungsten, silica, and copper were mapped using both techniques. The two sets of images agree in their main features, but differ for finer features. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. IBM Corp, Microelect Div, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 405 EP 407 DI 10.1063/1.1631067 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900065 ER PT J AU Koffas, TS Amitay-Sadovsky, E Kim, J Somorjai, GA AF Koffas, TS Amitay-Sadovsky, E Kim, J Somorjai, GA TI Molecular composition and mechanical properties of biopolymer interfaces studied by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION LA English DT Review DE sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy; contact lens; protein adsorption; surface mechanics; polyurethane; molecular ordering ID SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; CONTACT-ANGLE GONIOMETRY; SILICA-WATER INTERFACE; NEUTRON REFLECTION; POLYMER SURFACES; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MODIFIED POLYURETHANES; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; POLYSTYRENE SURFACE AB Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to study the surface structure and surface mechanical behavior of biologically-relevant polymer systems. These techniques have emerged as powerful surface analytical tools to deduce structure/property relationships in situ, at both air/solid and air/liquid interfaces. SFG and AFM studies have been performed to understand how the surface properties of polymers are linked to polymer bulk compositions, changes in the ambient environment, or the degree of mechanical strain. Specifically, this review discusses (1) the macroscopic- and molecular-level tracking of small end groups attached to polyurethane blends, engineered to reduce blood clotting; (2) the role of ambient humidity on the surface mechanics of soft contact lenses possessing different water content in the bulk; (3) the affect of cyclic stretch on the molecular surface structure of polyurethane films, designed to mimic the mechanical deformation caused by heartbeat; and (4) the molecular ordering of functional groups at the polystyrene-protein interface. The correlation of spectroscopic and mechanical data by SFG and AFM is a powerful methodology to study and design materials with tailored surface properties. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 115 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5063 J9 J BIOMAT SCI-POLYM E JI J. Biomater. Sci.-Polym. Ed. PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 475 EP 509 DI 10.1163/156856204323005325 PG 35 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 826ID UT WOS:000221821900010 PM 15212330 ER PT J AU Strachan, A AF Strachan, A TI Normal modes and frequencies from covariances in molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We propose a simple method to obtain normal modes (NMs) and their characteristic frequencies from molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations at any temperature. The resulting NM are consistent with the vibrational density of states (DOS) (every feature of the DOS can be attributed to one or few NMs). At low temperatures they coincide with the ones obtained from the Hessian matrix. We define the NMs (rho(i)) by imposing the condition that their velocities be uncorrelated to each other: <(rho)over dot(i)(t)(rho)over dot(j)(t)>proportional todelta(ij), where < > denotes time average and delta(ij) is Kronecker's delta. With this definition the modes are the eigenvectors of the matrix K-ij(v)=1/2 [i, j=1,...,3N (N being the number of atoms); m are masses and v atomic velocities]. The eigenvalues of K-ij(v), lambda(i)(v), represent the kinetic energy in each NM. The ratio between the eigenvalues (lambda(i)(v)) and those obtained using positions (lambda(i)(r)), accelerations (lambda(i)(a)) in K-ij(v) instead of velocities are a very good approximation to the mode frequencies: 2pinu(i)similar to(lambda(i)(v)/lambda(i)(x))((1/2))similar to(lambda(i)(a)/lambda(i)(x))((1/4)). We demonstrate the new method using with two cases: an isolated water molecule and a crystalline polymer. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Strachan, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1063/1.1635364 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 757TK UT WOS:000187577400001 PM 15267252 ER PT J AU Thompson, RB Rasmussen, KO Lookman, T AF Thompson, RB Rasmussen, KO Lookman, T TI Improved convergence in block copolymer self-consistent field theory by Anderson mixing SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX FLUIDS; CUBIC PHASES; MELTS; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB A modification to real space polymeric self-consistent field theory algorithms that greatly improves the convergence properties is presented. The method is based on Anderson mixing [D. G. Anderson, J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 12, 547 (1965)], and each iteration computed takes negligibly longer to perform than with other methods, but the number of iterations required to reach a high accuracy solution is greatly reduced. No a priori knowledge of possible phases is required to apply this method. We apply our approach to a standard diblock copolymer melt, and demonstrate iteration reductions of more than a factor of 5 in some cases. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thompson, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Thompson, Russell/J-6326-2012 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; Thompson, Russell/0000-0002-6571-558X NR 21 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1063/1.1629673 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 757TK UT WOS:000187577400007 PM 15267258 ER PT J AU Grossman, JC Schwegler, E Draeger, EW Gygi, F Galli, G AF Grossman, JC Schwegler, E Draeger, EW Gygi, F Galli, G TI Towards an assessment of the accuracy of density functional theory for first principles simulations of water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; PARRINELLO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; LIQUID WATER; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; WANNIER FUNCTIONS; QUANTUM; MODEL; HYDROGEN; ICE AB A series of Car-Parrinello (CP) molecular dynamics simulations of water are presented, aimed at assessing the accuracy of density functional theory in describing the structural and dynamical properties of water at ambient conditions. We found negligible differences in structural properties obtained using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof or the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr exchange and correlation energy functionals; we also found that size effects, although not fully negligible when using 32 molecule cells, are rather small. In addition, we identified a wide range of values of the fictitious electronic mass (mu) entering the CP Lagrangian for which the electronic ground state is accurately described, yielding trajectories and average properties that are independent of the value chosen. However, care must be exercised not to carry out simulations outside this range, where structural properties may artificially depend on mu. In the case of an accurate description of the electronic ground state, and in the absence of proton quantum effects, we obtained an oxygen-oxygen correlation function that is overstructured compared to experiment, and a diffusion coefficient which is approximately ten times smaller. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM grossman3@llnl.gov RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 58 TC 362 Z9 362 U1 9 U2 73 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 1 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1063/1.1630560 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 757TK UT WOS:000187577400039 PM 15267290 ER PT J AU Zhou, CH Schadler, LS Beyerlein, IJ AF Zhou, CH Schadler, LS Beyerlein, IJ TI Stress concentrations in graphite/epoxy model composites during creep at room temperature and elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE stress concentration; Micro Raman Spectroscopy; shear-lag model; polymer composites; creep; elevated temperature ID DEPENDENT MICROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; CONSTANT-LOAD; MATRIX; FAILURE; BREAKS; MICROCOMPOSITES; STRENGTH; RUPTURE AB Micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS) was used to monitor the change in the local stress concentrations surrounding a single fiber break in 2-dimensional graphite fiber/epoxy composites during creep at room temperature and elevated temperatures up to 80degreesC. The experimental results were compared with a few shear-lag-based multifiber composite models: Hedgepeth, which assumes perfect bonding between the linear elastic fiber and shear-only matrix; MSSL, which additionally accounts for the axial stiffness of the matrix; and VBI, which assumes a viscoelastic shear-only matrix. Instead of assuming time-independent stress concentrations around a fiber break as in previous models, this work investigated the change in the stress concentrations due to the local matrix creep. The VBI model uses parameters measured from unreinforced matrix creep tests to predict the time dependent strain-stress evolution in the composite around fiber breaks. The stress concentrations of the nearby intact fibers were found to change due to the combined effects of temperature sensitive matrix creep and creep-driven inelastic zone growth emanating from the fiber break, which were in good agreement with the VBI predictions in the absence of significant inelastic zones. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schadler, LS (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM schadl@rpi.edu RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 417 EP 433 DI 10.1177/0021998304040551 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 800MV UT WOS:000220033300005 ER PT J AU DeTeresa, SJ Freeman, DC Groves, SE AF DeTeresa, SJ Freeman, DC Groves, SE TI The effects of through-thickness compression on the interlaminar shear response of laminated fiber composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE interlaminar shear; failure; combined stresses; through-thickness compression ID PARAMETERS; INSULATION; STRENGTH AB The effects of through-thickness compression on the interlaminar shear response of laminated fiber Composites were studied. The combined stresses were generated using a hollow cylindrical specimen that was subjected to axial compression and torsion. For both glass- and carbon-fiber composites, through-thickness compression resulted in a significant enhancement in the interlaminar shear stress and strain at failure. Under moderate compression levels, the failure mode changed from elastic to plastic. An attempt was made to predict the observed increase in shear strength for carbon fiber-epoxy laminates using three-dimensional lamina failure criteria. Although all the failure theories correctly predicted the trend of increasing shear strength with compression, none were able to predict the full extent of the observed strength increase. These results indicate that improved models are needed for determining failure under a combined state of interlaminar stress. The experimental results demonstrate that there are significant gains to be made in improving interlaminar strengths of composite structures by applying through-thickness compression. This effect could be exploited for improved strength and possibly improved fatigue life of composite joints and other regions in structures where interlaminar stress states are critical. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DeTeresa, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM deteresal@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 8 BP 681 EP 697 DI 10.1177/0021998304042401 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 820BY UT WOS:000221362700005 ER PT J AU Song, B Chen, W AF Song, B Chen, W TI Dynamic compressive response and failure behavior of an epoxy syntactic foam SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE epoxy syntactic foam; split Hopkinson pressure bar; compressive response; failure behavior; strain-rate sensitivity; constitutive model ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; STRAIN-RATE; COMPOSITE SANDWICH; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE MODEL; FEATURES; MATRIX; METALS; ALLOY AB The high-strain-rate compressive behavior of an epoxy syntactic foam is examined in this study. A pulse-shaped split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), modified for low-impedance material testing, was used to ensure that the samples deformed under dynamic equilibrium and at a nearly constant strain-rate. Dynamic stress equilibrium in the specimen was monitored for each experiment using piezoelectric force transducers mounted close to the specimen end-faces. Quasi-static experiments were also conducted to demonstrate rate effects of the foam, as well as to study its failure behavior. It was determined that the compressive strength of the foam increased with strain rate up to a transition strain rate of between 550 and 1030 s(-1). For experiments conducted at strain rates above this transition range, strain-rate-induced damage caused the compressive strength of the foam to decrease. Based on the experimental results, a constitutive model with strain-rate and damage effects was developed, which described the test data well. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM weinong@u.arizona.edu RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 NR 45 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 915 EP 936 DI 10.1177/0021998304040552 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 833UL UT WOS:000222365300002 ER PT J AU Xu, LR Bhamidipati, V Zhong, WH Li, J Lukehart, CM Lara-Curzio, E Liu, KC Lance, MJ AF Xu, LR Bhamidipati, V Zhong, WH Li, J Lukehart, CM Lara-Curzio, E Liu, KC Lance, MJ TI Mechanical property characterization of a polymeric nanocomposite reinforced by graphitic nanofibers with reactive linkers SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite materials; graphite nanofibers; epoxy matrix; ultrasonic processing; mechanical property characterization ID CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; MATRIX; FABRICATION; MORPHOLOGY; IMPACT; FIBERS; LOAD AB Mechanical property characterization including bending, tensile, and fracture properties for a new functionalized nanofiber/epoxy composite were conducted. Results show that there was only very little increase in mechanical properties of nanocornposites although we used GCNF-ODA reactive linkers to improve the interface. The interfacial stress level of nanocomposites should be much higher than that of traditional composites because of high property mismatch between the nanoscale reinforcement and the matrix. In order to design strong and stiff nanocomposite materials, one should use aligned nanofibers with a relatively large volume or weight fraction. Also, the length of the nanofiber should be long enough and its diameter not very small in order to facilitate the interfacial load transfer mechanism. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Inst Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Inst Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, LR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Inst Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM l.roy.xu@vanderbilt.edu RI Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 NR 46 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 18 BP 1563 EP 1582 DI 10.1177/0021998304043758 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 861BL UT WOS:000224391000001 ER PT J AU Prime, MB Hill, MR AF Prime, MB Hill, MR TI Measurement of fiber-scale residual stress variation in a metal-matrix composite SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE slitting; inherent strain; thermal stress; fiber composite ID X-RAY; FINITE-WIDTH; STRAINS; DIFFRACTION; STRENGTH; TUNGSTEN; CRACKS; ALLOY; LASER; BEAM AB The crack compliance, or slitting, method was used to measure a localized depth profile of residual stresses in a metal-matrix composite. The composite consisted of a matrix of Kanthal, a Fe-Cr-Al refractory alloy, reinforced with continuous uniaxial tungsten fibers. The stress measurements involved successively deepening a narrow slit between the fibers in the matrix, and measuring the resulting deformations with a surface strain gage. The depth profile of the in-plane residual stress components was determined from the measured strains using an eigenstrain-based extension of the residual stress calculation scheme normally used for slitting measurements. To validate some of the eigenstrain assumptions, the measured residual stresses were compared with the predictions from a thermomechanical finite element model. The model used a mesh of the actual Fiber arrangement in the composite specimen rather than the commonly used unit-cell model. Compared to other techniques for measuring residual stresses in composites, the slitting measurements provided spatial resolution to a small fraction of the fiber diameter, which is useful when validating a thermomechanical model. Coincidentally, this is the first reported slitting method measurements of shear residual stresses. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prime@lanl.gov RI Hill, Michael/A-2525-2016; OI Hill, Michael/0000-0002-9168-211X; Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 2079 EP 2095 DI 10.1177/0021998304045584 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 878PD UT WOS:000225657900001 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM DeTeresa, SJ AF Christensen, RM DeTeresa, SJ TI Delamination failure investigation for out-of-plane loading in laminates SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE delamination failure; failure criterion; quasi-isotropic laminates ID FIBER COMPOSITES AB In contrast to failure approaches at the lamina level or the micromechanics level, the present work concerns failure characterization at the laminate level. Specifically, attention is given to the ultimate failure characterization for quasi-isotropic laminates. This is in further contrast to the commonly used approaches for initial damage or progressive damage. It is shown that the analytical failure forms decompose into two modes, one for out-of-plane, delamination-type failure and one for in-plane, fiber-controlled-type failure. The work here is mainly given over to the delamination mode of failure. Experimental results are presented for laminates in this mode of failure. These results are then integrated with the analytical forms to give a simple criterion for delamination failure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 2231 EP 2238 DI 10.1177/0021998304046431 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 881LC UT WOS:000225868000005 ER PT J AU Caprara, A Carr, R Istrail, S Lancia, G Walenz, B AF Caprara, A Carr, R Istrail, S Lancia, G Walenz, B TI 1001 optimal PDB structure alignments: Integer programming methods for finding the maximum contact map overlap SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integer programming; Lagrangian relaxation; protein structure alignment; contact map overlap ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; ALGORITHM; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCES AB Protein structure comparison is a fundamental problem for structural genomics, with applications to drug design, fold prediction, protein clustering, and evolutionary studies. Despite its importance, there are very few rigorous methods and widely accepted similarity measures known for this problem. In this paper we describe the last few years of developments on the study of an emerging measure, the contact map overlap (CMO), for protein structure comparison. A contact map is a list of pairs of residues which lie in three-dimensional proximity in the protein's native fold. Although this measure is in principle computationally hard to optimize, we show how it can in fact be computed with great accuracy for related proteins by integer linear programming techniques. These methods have the advantage of providing certificates of near-optimality by means of upper bounds to the optimal alignment value. We also illustrate effective heuristics, such as local search and genetic algorithms. We were able to obtain for the first time optimal alignments for large similar proteins (about 1,000 residues and 2,000 contacts) and used the CMO measure to cluster proteins in families. The clusters obtained were compared to SCOP classification in order to validate the measure. Extensive computational experiments showed that alignments which are off by at most 10% from the optimal value can be computed in a short time. Further experiments showed how this measure reacts to the choice of the threshold defining a contact and how to choose this threshold in a sensible way. C1 Univ Udine, DIMI, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Celera Appl Biosyst, Informat Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Bologna, DEIS, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lancia, G (reprint author), Univ Udine, DIMI, Viale Sci 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. EM Sorin.Istrail@celera.com; Lancia@dimi.uniud.it NR 44 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 27 EP 52 DI 10.1089/106652704773416876 PG 26 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 803MD UT WOS:000220234300003 PM 15072687 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G AF Lapenta, G TI Variational grid adaptation based on the minimization of local truncation error: time-independent problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A new approach to grid adaptation is presented. The method is based on two established foundations. First, the method is based upon variational grid adaptation, retaining all the well-known properties of robustness and regularity. Second, the adaptation method presented here is based on a general definition of the error detector obtained from the moving finite element (MFE) method. The error detector is general, applicable to any given problem, and does not require any a priori knowledge of the solution or of the physical behaviour of the system under investigation. The primary theoretical contribution of the present work is in establishing a link between various adaptation methods previously regarded as different and unrelated. We show that they all derive from the same approach and are all equivalent in the sense that the same grid is generated by all of them for the same problem, once the monitor functions are chosen according to our approach. The primary practical contribution of the present work is in prescribing a rigorous monitor function for previously published adaptation strategies. The choice proposed here is shown to outperform previous heuristic choices. The method is tested in a series of elliptic problems, where the adaptation strategy presented here can improve the accuracy by orders of magnitude. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 1 BP 159 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.004 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 755YD UT WOS:000187438300008 ER PT J AU Miller, GH AF Miller, GH TI An iterative Riemann solver for systems of hyperbolic conservation laws, with application to hyperelastic solid mechanics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solid mechanics; shock waves; Godunov method; elasticity; hyperelasticity; Riemann solver ID CURVES; FLOW AB In this paper, we present a general iterative method for the solution of the Riemann problem for hyperbolic systems of PDEs. The method is based on the multiple shooting method for free boundary value problems. We demonstrate the method by solving one-dimensional Riemann problems for hyperelastic solid mechanics. Even for conditions representative of routine laboratory conditions and military ballistics, dramatic differences are seen between the exact and approximate Riemann solution. The greatest discrepancy arises from misallocation of energy between compressional and thermal modes by the approximate solver, resulting in nonphysical entropy and temperature estimates. Several pathological conditions arise in common practice and modifications to the method to handle these are discussed. These include points where genuine nonlinearity is lost, degeneracies, and eigenvector deficiencies that occur upon melting. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM grgmiller@ucdavis.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 1 BP 198 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.005 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 755YD UT WOS:000187438300010 ER PT J AU Sethian, JA Wilkening, J AF Sethian, JA Wilkening, J TI A numerical model of stress driven grain boundary diffusion SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE grain boundary; electromigration; elasticity; corner singularity; finite element method ID ELECTROMIGRATION; GROWTH; LINES; COMPUTATION; SIMULATION; CIRCUITS AB The stress driven grain boundary diffusion problem is a continuum model of mass transport phenomena in microelectronic circuits due to high current densities (electromigration) and gradients in normal stress along grain boundaries. The model involves coupling many different equations and phenomena, and difficulties such as non-locality, stiffness, complex geometry, and singularities in the stress tensor near corners and junctions make the problem difficult to analyze rigorously and simulate numerically. We present a new numerical approach to this problem using techniques from semigroup theory to represent the solution. The generator of this semigroup is the composition of a type of Dirichlet to Neumann map on the grain boundary network with the Laplace operator on the network. To compute the former, we solve the equations of linear elasticity several times, once for each basis function on the grain boundary. We resolve singularities in the stress field near corners and junctions by adjoining special singular basis functions to both finite element spaces (2d for elasticity, Id for grain boundary functions). We develop data structures to handle jump discontinuities in displacement across grain boundaries, singularities in the stress field, complicated boundary conditions at junctions and interfaces, and the lack of a natural ordering for the nodes on a branching grain boundary network. The method is used to study grain boundary diffusion for several geometries. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94721 USA. RP NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM sethian@math.berkeley.edu; wilkening@cims.nyu.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 1 BP 275 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.015 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 755YD UT WOS:000187438300014 ER PT J AU Aslam, TD AF Aslam, TD TI A partial differential equation approach to multidimensional extrapolation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extrapolation; level set; partial differential equation ID GHOST FLUID METHOD AB In this short note, a general methodology for multidimensional extrapolation is presented. The approach assumes a level set function exists which separates the region of known values from the region to be extrapolated. It is shown that arbitrary orders of polynomial extrapolation can be formulated by simply solving a series of linear partial differential equations (PDEs). Examples of constant, linear and quadratic extrapolation are given. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aslam, TD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 1 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.001 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 755YD UT WOS:000187438300017 ER PT J AU Shan, C Bodvarsson, G AF Shan, C Bodvarsson, G TI An analytical solution for estimating percolation rate by fitting temperature profiles in the vadose zone SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE one dimensional; analytical solution; vadose zone; percolation rate ID DESERT SOILS; THERMAL-CONVECTION; HEAT FLUXES; WATER; SIMULATIONS; VELOCITY; RECHARGE; TRITIUM AB We present a simple analytical solution for one-dimensional steady heat transfer with convection and conduction through a multilayer system such as a vadose zone. We assume that each layer is homogeneous and has a constant thermal diffusivity. The mass/heat flow direction is perpendicular to the layers, and the mass flow rate is a constant. The analytical solution presented in this study also assumes constant known temperatures at the two boundaries of the system. Although the analytical solution gives the temperature as a function of a few parameters, we focus on the inverse application to estimate the percolation rate in a vadose zone. Example applications have shown that with reliable field observation data, the solution can be used to determine the percolation rate to high degree of accuracy (e.g., to mm/year). In some other cases, the solution may also be helpful in characterizing potential lateral flow along layer divides. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM c_shan@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00126-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 768YA UT WOS:000188597700005 PM 14698872 ER PT J AU Abe, C Nagle, NJ Parsons, C Brannon, J Noll, SL AF Abe, C. Nagle, N. J. Parsons, C. Brannon, J. Noll, S. L. TI High protein corn distiller dried grains as a feed ingredient SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Turkey; corn; distillers dried grain C1 [Abe, C.; Brannon, J.; Noll, S. L.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nagle, N. J.] Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Parsons, C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PY 2004 VL 87 SU 1 BP 264 EP 264 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA V45UN UT WOS:000203095301102 ER PT J AU Auciello, O Saha, S Kaufman, DY Streiffer, SK Fan, W Kabius, B Im, J Baumann, P AF Auciello, O Saha, S Kaufman, DY Streiffer, SK Fan, W Kabius, B Im, J Baumann, P TI Science and technology of high dielectric constant thin films and materials integration for application to high frequency devices SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE high dielectric constant; thin films; high-frequency devices ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; IN-SITU; DIFFUSION BARRIER; COPPER; CAPACITORS; OXIDATION; TANTALUM; SILICON; GROWTH AB Thin films of Ba1-xSrxTi1+yO3+z (BST), were fabricated using both by RF-magnetron sputtering and MOCVD to demonstrate application to high frequency devices. Precise control of composition and microstructure is critical for the production of (BaxSr1-x) Ti1+yO3+z (BST) dielectric thin films with the large dependence of permittivity on electric field, low losses, and high electrical breakdown fields that are required for successful integration of BST into tunable high frequency devices. Here we review results on composition-microstructure-electrical property relationships of polycrystalline BST films produced by magnetron sputter deposition that are appropriate for microwave devices such as phase shifters. BST films with a multilayer structure were also developed with different Ti-elemental ratio in each layer to minimize losses and leakage current. Interfacial contamination from C and H species was studied and implications on electrical properties are highlighted. Finally, York's group at the University of California-Santa Barbara successfully integrated our BST films onto phase shifter arrays. The results show potential of BST films in such applications. Results from initial work on the integration of Cu-electrodes with BST films are also presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1023/B:JECR.0000034006.59246.5e PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 834YY UT WOS:000222448000010 ER PT J AU Tantawi, SG AF Tantawi, SG TI A novel circular TE01-mode bend for ultra-high-power applications SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Future Linear Colliders and Accelerators require rf systems and components that are capable of handling hundreds of megawatts power levels at x-band frequencies and higher. Standard rf components that have been in use for a long time such as waveguide bends, directional couplers and hybrids, can not. be used because of peak field considerations. Indeed. one has to reinvent most of these components taking into account the constraints imposed by ultra-high-power operation. Here, we present a, new design for circular waveguides bends propagating the low-loss TE01 mode. The bend has smooth walls and low field levels. NW present a simple synthesis process for designing such a device. The general philosophy of this technique can be applied to other components as well. We describe the detailed design of the bend and compare our design with finite element simulations and experimental data. The bend has very low ohmic losses, and the TE01 mode is transmitted with virtually perfect mode purity. C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Cairo Univ, Commun & Elect Dept, Giza, Egypt. RP Tantawi, SG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1679 EP 1687 DI 10.1163/1569393042955144 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 885OA UT WOS:000226165600008 ER PT J AU Peng, YP Nellist, PD Pennycook, SJ AF Peng, YP Nellist, PD Pennycook, SJ TI HAADF-STEM imaging with sub-angstrom probes: a full Bloch wave analysis SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE scanning transmission electron microscopy; coherent scattering; elastic scattering; incoherent imaging; Z-contrast; depth slicing ID LATTICE-RESOLUTION CONTRAST; COHERENT ELECTRON-PROBE; DIFFRACTION; SIMULATION; CRYSTALS; IMAGES; SCATTERING; MICROSCOPE; SILICON; ATOM AB A full coherent Bloch wave calculation is presented to investigate high-angle annular dark-field image formation for sub-angstrom probes in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). With increasing illumination angle, the contribution of the Is bound state increases to a maximum at an optimum probe angle, after which we find increasing contributions from high-angle plane wave states around the periphery of the objective aperture. Examination of image contributions from different depths within a crystal shows an oscillatory behavior due to the beating between Is and non-Is states. The oscillation period reduces with decreasing probe size, while the relative contribution from a specific depth increases. This signifies a changeover from a projection mode of imaging to a depth-slicing mode of imaging. This new mode appears capable of resolving three-dimensional atomic structures in future generation aberration-corrected STEM. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CAS, Inst Phys, Nanoscale Phys & Devices Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Nion Co, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pennycooksj@ornl.gov RI IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013 NR 27 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2004 VL 53 IS 3 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1093/jmicro/53.3.257 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 839MD UT WOS:000222788300006 PM 15332652 ER PT J AU Wang, H Gupta, A Tiwari, A Zhang, X Narayan, J AF Wang, H Gupta, A Tiwari, A Zhang, X Narayan, J TI TaN-TiN binary alloys and superlattices as diffusion barriers for copper interconnections (vol 33, pg 1, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Correction C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM wangh@lahl.gov RI Narayan, Jagdish/D-1874-2009; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP L5 EP L5 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0300-x PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 765CA UT WOS:000188248500015 ER PT J AU Martinez-Frias, JM Aceves, SM Smith, JR Brandt, H AF Martinez-Frias, JM Aceves, SM Smith, JR Brandt, H TI Thermodynamic analysis of zero-atmospheric emissions power plant SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRESSURES; EQUATION; STATE AB This paper presents a theoretical thermodynamic analysis of a zero-atmospheric emissions power plant. In this power plant, methane is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity,. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured. A stream of pure carbon dioxide then results that can be used for enhanced oil recovery, or for sequestration. The analysis considers a complete power plant layout, including an air separation unit, compressors and intercoolers for oxygen and methane compression, a gas generator, three steam turbines, a reheater two preheaters, a condenser, and a pumping system to pump, the carbon dioxide to the pressure required for sequestration. This analysis is based on a 400 MW electric power generating plant that uses turbines that are currently under development by a U.S. turbine manufacturer The high-pressure turbine operates at a temperature of 1089 K (1500degreesF) with uncooled blades, the intermediate-pressure turbine operates at 1478 K (2200degreesF) with cooled blades and the low-pressure turbine operates at 998 K (1336degreesF). The power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 46.5%. This efficiency is based on the lower heating value of methane, and includes the energy necessary for air separation and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Clean Energy Syst Inc, Rancho Cordova, CA 95742 USA. RP Martinez-Frias, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-644, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM martinezfrias1@llnl.gov; hbrandt@cleanenergysystems.com RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1115/1.1635399 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 803NF UT WOS:000220237100002 ER PT J AU Chen, AG Maloney, DJ Day, WH AF Chen, AG Maloney, DJ Day, WH TI Humid air NOx reduction effect on liquid fuel combustion SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AB An experimental investigation was carried out at DOE NETL on the humid air combustion process using liquid fuel to determine the effects of humidity on pollutant emissions and flame stability Tests were conducted at pressures of tip to 100 psia (690 kPa), and a typical inlet air temperature of 860degreesF (733 K). The emissions and RMS pressures were documented for a relatively wide range of flame temperature from 2440-3090degreesF (1610-1970 K) with and without added humidity. The results show more than 90610 reduction of NOx through 10% humidity addition to the compressed air compared with the dry case at the same flame temperature. The substantial reduction of NOx is due to a shift in the chemical mechanisms and cannot be explained by flame temperature reduction due to added moisture since the comparison was made for the same flame temperature. C1 United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Pratt & Whitney Power Syst Inc, Adv Engine Programs, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Chen, AG (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, 411 Silver Lane,MS 129-16, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM chenag@utrc.utc.com; daniel.daloney@netl.doe.gov; dayw@pweh.com NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1115/1.1615255 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 803NF UT WOS:000220237100012 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, RM TI A two-property yield, failure (fracture) criterion for homogeneous, isotropic materials SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH AB A critical review is given of the various historical attempts to formulate a general, three-dimensional theory of failure for broad classes of homogeneous, isotropic elastic materials. Following that, a recently developed two-parameter yield/failure criterion is compared with the historical efforts and it is further interpreted and extended. Specifically, the yield/failure criterion is combined with a fracture restriction that places limits on certain tensile stress states, without involving any additional parameters. An evaluation is conducted using available experimental data obtained from a variety of materials types. The two materials parameters are given a primary designation as yield type properties over a specified range of ductile behavior, and as failure or fracture type properties over the complementary brittle range. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1115/1.1631024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 770FD UT WOS:000188711800007 ER PT J AU Huang, B Xiong, D Li, H AF Huang, B. Xiong, D. Li, H. TI An Integrated Approach to Real-time Environmental Simulation and Visualization SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Environmental simulation; internet; applet-servlet-socket; TOPMODEL; visualization; VRML AB This paper introduces a novel visualization approach that can effectively facilitate the analysis, control, and refinement of dynamic environmental simulations on the World Wide Web. This approach overcomes drawbacks of current Internet Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies by providing an effective and efficient mechanism for two-way and sustained communication and synchronization between the visualization and the modeling processes. The critical aspect of this approach is the establishment of a virtual environment on the Internet using the applet-servlet-socket architecture that supports real-time interactive and collaborative visualization of an environmental modeling process. In this virtual environment, the model residing in the simulation application server is fed with real-time rainfall data from a remote data server through a socket connection. The computational modeling and visualization can take place simultaneously on the application server and the client sides. As modeling computations proceed on the server, modeling results and outputs stream into the client side continuously. The client interface is updated with live 3D displays (not in the sense of predefined 3D animations provided by AVI or dynamic GIF files). Meanwhile, these 3D graphics can act as a support for further user interactions. A hydrological model. TOPMODEL. is implemented using the proposed web-based visualization environment to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach in facilitating environmental modeling and simulation. C1 [Huang, B.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Xiong, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM cvehb@nus.edu.sg RI Huang, Bo/H-9874-2014 OI Huang, Bo/0000-0002-5063-3522 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC ENVIRON INFORM SCI PI REGINA PA 4246 ALBERT ST, REGINA, SASKATCHEWAN S4S 3R9, CANADA SN 1726-2135 J9 J ENVIRON INFORM JI J. Environ. Inform. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.3808/jei.200400026 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V12SY UT WOS:000207620100004 ER PT J AU Li, J Guttikunda, SK Carmichael, GR Streets, DG Chang, YS Fung, V AF Li, J Guttikunda, SK Carmichael, GR Streets, DG Chang, YS Fung, V TI Quantifying the human health benefits of curbing air pollution in Shanghai SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; PM10; air pollution control; human health benefits; Shanghai; China ID DAILY MORTALITY; CHINA; EMISSIONS; ASSOCIATION; MEGACITIES; SULFUR; MODEL; ASIA AB Urban development in the mega-cities of Asia has caused detrimental effects on the human health of its inhabitants through air pollution. However, averting these health damages by investing in clean energy and industrial technologies and measures can be expensive. Many cities do not have the capital to make such investments or may prefer to invest that capital elsewhere. In this article, we examine the city of Shanghai, China, and perform an illustrative cost/benefit analysis of air pollution control. Between 1995 and 2020 we expect that Shanghai will continue to grow rapidly. Increased demands for energy will cause increased use of fossil fuels and increased emissions of air pollutants. In this work, we examine emissions of particles smaller than 10 mum in diameter (PM10), which have been associated with inhalation health effects. We hypothesize the establishment of a new technology strategy for coal-fired power generation after 2010 and a new industrial coal-use policy. The health benefits of pollution reduction are compared with the investment costs for the new strategies. The study shows that the benefit-to-cost ratio is in the range of 1-5 for the power-sector initiative and 2-15 for the industrial-sector initiative. Thus, there appear to be considerable net benefits for these strategies, which could be very large depending on the valuation of health effects in China today and in the future. This study therefore provides economic grounds for supporting investments in air pollution control in developing cities like Shanghai. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. Global Greenlife Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dstreets@anl.gov OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 42 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.10.007 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 771PV UT WOS:000188796000006 PM 15125545 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Hoover, MD Day, GA Dickerson, RM Peterson, EJ Kent, MS Schuler, CR Breysse, PN Scripsick, RC AF Stefaniak, AB Hoover, MD Day, GA Dickerson, RM Peterson, EJ Kent, MS Schuler, CR Breysse, PN Scripsick, RC TI Characterization of physicochemical properties of beryllium aerosols associated with prevalence of chronic beryllium disease SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; METAL PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; OXIDE; PLANT; ALLOY; SENSITIZATION; DISSOLUTION; RISKS AB Little is known about the physicochemical properties of beryllium aerosols associated with increased risk of beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Such information is needed to evaluate whether airborne mass of beryllium is the appropriate metric of exposure or alternatively to provide a scientific basis for using information on particle size, surface area, and chemistry to support an improved exposure limit based on bioavailability through the inhalation and dermal routes of exposure. Thus, we used a suite of analytical techniques to characterize aerodynamically size-fractionated beryllium particles and powders that have been associated in epidemiological studies with higher prevalence of CBD. Aerosol particles were sampled from the ventilation systems of production lines for powders of beryllium metal and beryllium oxide and for ingots of copper-beryllium alloy. End product powders from the metal and oxide production lines were also collected. Particles released during production of beryllium metal were found to be complex, having heterogeneous composition, including reactive species such as fluorine. Powders from beryllium metal production were of high purity with only a minor component of beryllium oxide. Both particles and powders from oxide production were high-purity oxide. Particles released during production of copper-beryllium alloy were heterogeneous, being predominantly copper oxides. Thus, all particles and powders contain at least some beryllium in the form of beryllium oxide. These data justify efforts to thoroughly characterize beryllium aerosol properties when performing exposure assessments. The data also suggest that differences in particle chemical composition, size, number, and surface area may influence bioavailability of beryllium and contribute to risk of CBD. However, a scientific basis does not yet exist to replace mass as the current metric of exposure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Technol & Met Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brush Wellman Inc, Elmore, OH 43416 USA. RP Scripsick, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp, HSR-5,MS K553, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM scrip@lanl.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07141]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1R03 OH007447-01] NR 33 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 6 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1039/b316256g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825HJ UT WOS:000221746600006 PM 15173904 ER PT J AU Hinton, TG Coughlin, DP Yi, Y Marsh, LC AF Hinton, TG Coughlin, DP Yi, Y Marsh, LC TI Low dose rate irradiation facility: initial study on chronic exposures to medaka SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radioactivity in the Environment CY SEP 01-05, 2002 CL MONACO DE biota dose; low dose; chronic irradiation; radiological risks; dose limit ID POND COMMUNITIES; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; JAPANESE MEDAKA; RADIATION; OSTEICHTHYES; FREQUENCY; FECUNDITY; TELEOSTEI; FISH AB Uncertainties associated with the effects from chronic low-level exposures to radiation prompted us to construct a Low Dose Rate Irradiation Facility (LoDIF). The facility was designed specifically to test the appropriateness of the 10 mGy d(-1) guideline often espoused as acceptable for protection of aquatic biota from ionizing radiation. Scientists at the 0.4 ha facility use 40 outdoor mesocosms and (137)Cs irradiators of three different source strengths to research the effects of chronic low-level irradiation at different levels of biological organization. A description of the facility is included along with results from a pilot study in which Japanese medaka (a small fish native to Asia) were chronically irradiated at the highest dose rate possible within the facility (350 +/- 150 mGy d(-1)). Irradiated fish produced fewer eggs per day (p = 0.03); had a lower percentage of viable eggs (p = 0.04), and produced a lower percentage of hatchlings (p = 0.05). Although these data are not surprising based on the relatively high dose rates, they are important to future work at the LoDIF because they confirm the utility of our chosen model organism for detecting population-level responses, and they illustrate the statistical power achieved from using replicated mesocosms, in that statistical significance was achieved with few replicates per treatment. Future directions for the LoDIF are presented, as well as an invitation for interested researchers to participate in our studies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. EM thinton@srcl.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826IN UT WOS:000221822900005 PM 15063535 ER PT J AU Oleksyk, TK Novak, JM Purdue, JR Gashchak, SP Smith, MH AF Oleksyk, TK Novak, JM Purdue, JR Gashchak, SP Smith, MH TI High levels of fluctuating asymmetry in populations of Apodemus flavicollis from the most contaminated areas in Chornobyl SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radiocesium; Cs-137; Apodemus flavicollis; Chornobyl; chernobyl; size; shape; fluctuating asymmetry; directional asymmetry; geometric morphometrics ID HYBRID HOUSE MICE; DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SMALL MAMMALS; INSTABILITY; CHARACTERS; FITNESS; HERITABILITY; SELECTION; UKRAINE AB Random deviations from the perfect symmetry of normally bilaterally symmetrical characters for an individual with a given genotype occur during individual development due to the influence of multiple environmental factors. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is often used as a measure of developmental instability, and can be estimated as the variance of the distribution of differences between the left and right sides. We addressed the question of whether levels of FA were elevated in radioactively contaminated populations living around Chornobyl compared to those in reference populations of the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). In addition, we studied amounts of directional asymmetry (DA) when one side is larger than the other on average. There was a significant difference among populations, including reference populations, in the amount of both FA and DA. A higher level of FA was documented for the contaminated populations in close proximity to the failed Chornobyl reactor for both the asymmetry of size and shape. The FAs of size and shape were highest in populations from the most contaminated locations in the Chornobyl exclusion zone. Although the directional asymmetry of shape was also highest in the contaminated populations, it was not significantly different from those in most of the reference populations. Populations from less contaminated areas inside the Chornobyl exclusion zone did not express FA values different from those of the reference populations outside the affected area. FA of skulls of A. flavicollis may indicate the degree to which the level of radioactive contamination affects the development of animals at Chornobyl. However, the mechanisms leading to these effects are not clear and probably vary from population to population. There were significant correlations between the overall right to left differences for the Procrustes aligned shape configurations, centroid sizes, and intramuscular Cs-137. Detectable effects of radiation on developmental stability probably start to occur between 0.132 and 0.297 muGy/h. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, LGD, FRDC, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. Int Radioecol Lab, UA-07100 Slavutych, Ukraine. RP Oleksyk, TK (reprint author), NCI, LGD, FRDC, NIH, POB B, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM oleksyk@ncifcrf.gov RI Taras, Oleksyk/J-8805-2013 OI Taras, Oleksyk/0000-0002-8148-3918 NR 54 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X EI 1879-1700 J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.07.001 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 809NP UT WOS:000220643700001 PM 15001292 ER PT J AU Budd, RL Gonzales, GJ Fresquez, PR Lopez, EA AF Budd, RL Gonzales, GJ Fresquez, PR Lopez, EA TI The uptake and distribution of buried radionuclides by pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE low-level radioactive waste; plutonium; tritium; rodents; body burden; dose; soils; vegetation ID WASTE DISPOSAL AREA; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; TRANSPORT AB Material Disposal Area G (Area G) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is a low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. The noticeably. high activity of Pocket gophers on closed waste burial sites of various types at Area G resulted in the need to understand possible interactions between gophers and radioactive waste. Fossorial animals can influence the fate of contaminants by directly burrowing into waste trenches, pushing contaminated soil to the surface, or through indirect mechanisms such as consumption of contaminant-laden vegetation or the ingestion of soil. In our study, pocket gophers, mound soil, surface soil, and vegetation were collected at Area G and at offsite reference locations. The samples were analyzed for Am-241, (PU)-P-238, (PU)-P-239, H-3, and total U. It did not appear that gophers were responsible for any upward transport of radionuclides. Concentrations of Am-241, (PU)-P-238, (PU)-P-239, and H-3 in some gophers, soil, and vegetation were higher than at reference sites; however, only H-3 in gopher carcasses at only one of five sites within Area G was higher than a conservative ecological screening level. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gonzales, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS M887, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gohzales_g@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 611 EP 625 DI 10.1081/ESE-120027728 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801UC UT WOS:000220119800005 PM 15055929 ER PT J AU Afanasev, AV Akushevich, I Merenkov, NP AF Afanasev, AV Akushevich, I Merenkov, NP TI QED correction to asymmetry for polarized ep scattering from the method of electron structure functions SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; LEPTON-NUCLEON SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; HEAVY PHOTON; PAIR PRODUCTION; HIGH-ENERGIES; PERTURBATION-THEORY; COMPTON TENSOR; COLLISIONS; EMISSION AB The electron structure function method is applied to calculate model-independent QED radiative corrections to the asymmetry of electron - proton scattering. Representations for both spin-independent and spin-dependent parts of the cross section are derived. Master formulas include the leading corrections in all orders and the main contribution of the second order and provide accuracy of the QED corrections at the level of one per mill. Numerical calculations illustrate our analytic results for both elastic and deep inelastic events. (C) 2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Natl Sci Ctr Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Afanasev, AV (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. EM merenkov@kipt.kharkov.ua OI Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2004 VL 98 IS 3 BP 403 EP 416 DI 10.1134/1.1705692 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 812IC UT WOS:000220832200002 ER PT J AU Shendell, DG Winer, AM Stock, TH Zhang, L Zhang, JF Maberti, S Colome, SD AF Shendell, DG Winer, AM Stock, TH Zhang, L Zhang, JF Maberti, S Colome, SD TI Air concentrations of VOCs in portable and traditional classrooms: Results of a pilot study in Los Angeles County SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE schools; portable classrooms; children; volatile organic compounds; formaldehyde; acetaldehyde ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; VARYING TEMPERATURES; PPB CONCENTRATIONS; PASSIVE SAMPLER; 24-H EXPOSURES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EXCHANGE-RATE; INDOOR AIR; SCHOOLS; FORMALDEHYDE AB Recent state and federal public school class-size reduction initiatives, increased elementary and pre-K enrollment driven by population growth and immigration, and limited resources for capital projects, modernization, and maintenance at aging schools have increased the prevalence of prefabricated, portable classrooms (portables). At present, approximately one of three California students are taught in portables, whose use is especially prevalent in more populated counties such as Los Angeles, home to the nation's second largest school district. Limited data existed on chemical compound air concentrations, and thus exposures, inside American public schools. Measurements have been limited, usually performed in complaint schools, and varied in sampling protocols and analysis methods. To address a school environment and children's health issue of present concern, an assessment of public school portables was conducted in Los Angeles County. Seven schools in two school districts were recruited, from which 20 classrooms - 13 portables, seven in main buildings - were randomly selected. We report indoor air concentrations of 21 target toxic and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, measured with passive samplers (DNSH PAKS and 3M OVM 3500) in the cooling and heating seasons between June 2000 and June 2001. None of the measured indoor air formaldehyde concentrations exceeded the existing California Air Resources Board guideline (50 ppb, or 60 mug/m(3)). The main sources of aldehydes in classrooms, especially portables, were likely interior finish materials and furnishings made of particleboard without lamination. Indoor air VOC concentrations were generally low in this pilot study. The four most prevalent VOCs measured were toluene, m-/p-xylene, alpha-pinene, and delta-limonene; likely indoor sources were personal, teaching, and cleaning products. Future schools research should attempt larger samples over larger geographical areas. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Sci Discipline, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Integrated Environm Sci, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RP Shendell, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dgshendell@lbl.gov NR 86 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 44 EP 59 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500297 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 764UF UT WOS:000188223900003 PM 14726944 ER PT J AU Lobscheid, AB Maddalena, RL Mckone, TE AF Lobscheid, AB Maddalena, RL Mckone, TE TI Contribution of locally grown foods in cumulative exposure assessments SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CalTOX; characteristic travel distance (CTD); intake fraction (iF); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; URBAN AIR; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DIETARY-INTAKE; PAHS; SEMIVOLATILE; VARIABILITY; EMISSIONS AB Both laboratory and field studies confirm the importance of vegetation for scavenging semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) from the atmosphere and a number of exposure studies have found that the dietary pathway is often a significant contributor to cumulative exposure for these chemicals. However, little information exists on the atmospheric source-to-dietary intake linkage for SVOCs. Because of higher SVOC emissions to urban regions, this linkage is particularly important for foods that are grown, distributed and consumed in or near urban regions. The food pathway can also contribute to dietary exposure for populations that are remote from a pollutant source if the pollutants can migrate to agricultural regions and subsequently to the agricultural commodities distributed to that population. We use available data, the characteristic travel distance, and the CalTOX multimedia model framework to assess the contribution of local sources of food to cumulative SVOC intake. Based on published concentration data for foods, our exposure calculations indicate that the potential intake through ingestion can be up to 1000 times that of inhalation for certain persistent SVOCs. We use the population-based intake fraction (iF) to determine how SVOC intake can vary among food commodities and exposure pathways, and to determine the contribution of airborne emitted SVOCs to the diet in the Northern Hemisphere. We focus on three representative multimedia SVOCs-benzo(a)pyrene, fluoranthene, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The approach presented here provides a useful framework and starting point for source-to-intake assessments for the ambient air-to-dietary exposure pathway. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lobscheid, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 100 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 60 EP 73 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500306 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 764UF UT WOS:000188223900004 PM 14726945 ER PT J AU Taylor, KC Alley, RB Meese, DA Spencer, MK Brook, EJ Dunbar, NW Finkel, RC Gow, AJ Kurbatov, AV Lamorey, GW Mayewski, PA Meyerson, EA Nishiizumi, K Zielinski, GA AF Taylor, KC Alley, RB Meese, DA Spencer, MK Brook, EJ Dunbar, NW Finkel, RC Gow, AJ Kurbatov, AV Lamorey, GW Mayewski, PA Meyerson, EA Nishiizumi, K Zielinski, GA TI Dating the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core by manual and computer interpretation of annual layering SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND; AGE; WEST AB The Holocene portion of the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core was dated by interpreting the electrical, visual and chemical properties of the core. The data were interpreted manually and with a computer algorithm. The algorithm interpretation was adjusted to be consistent with atmospheric methane stratigraphic ties to the GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) ice core, (BE)-B-10 stratigraphic ties to the dendrochronology C-14 record and the dated volcanic stratigraphy. The algorithm interpretation is more consistent and better quantified than the tedious and subjective manual interpretation. C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Community Coll Syst Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, EMS Environm Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Mexico Bur Mines & Min Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Taylor, KC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM kendrick@dri.edu RI Taylor, Kendrick/A-3469-2016 OI Taylor, Kendrick/0000-0001-8535-1261 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2004 VL 50 IS 170 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.3189/172756504781829864 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 939NR UT WOS:000230080200017 ER PT J AU Wilson, DG Starr, GP Parker, GG Robinett, RD AF Wilson, DG Starr, GP Parker, GG Robinett, RD TI Nonlinear adaptive control for slewing flexible active structures SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ACTUATORS; SENSORS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 15211, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6200, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 15211, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1003, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 142 EP 145 DI 10.2514/1.9340 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 765BE UT WOS:000188246600015 ER PT J AU Hellerman, S McGreevy, J Williams, B AF Hellerman, S McGreevy, J Williams, B TI Geometric constructions of nongeometric string theories SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstrings and heterotic strings; string duality; superstring vacua; anomalies in field and string theories ID F-THEORY; CALABI-YAU; ORBIFOLD SINGULARITIES; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; 6 DIMENSIONS; COMPACTIFICATIONS; BRANES; MANIFOLDS; SYMMETRY AB We advocate a framework for constructing perturbative closed string compactifications which cannot be scaled up uniformly to have large-radius limits. The idea is to augment the class of vacua which can be described as fibrations by enlarging the monodromy group around the singular fibers to include perturbative stringy duality symmetries. As a controlled laboratory for testing this program, we study in detail six-dimensional (1,0) supersymmetric vacua arising from two-torus fibrations over a two-dimensional base. We also construct some examples of two-torus fibrations over four-dimensional bases, and comment on the extension to other fibrations. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hellerman, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM simeon@itp.stanford.edu; mcgreevy@stanford.edu; brook@physics.ucsb.edu NR 46 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 IS 1 AR 024 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/01/024 PG 39 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807MJ UT WOS:000220505300024 ER PT J AU Findikakis, AN Helmig, R Kitanidis, P Nimmo, J Pruess, K Rubin, Y Stauffer, F Tsang, CF AF Findikakis, AN Helmig, R Kitanidis, P Nimmo, J Pruess, K Rubin, Y Stauffer, F Tsang, CF TI Summary of a Panel Discussion at the International Groundwater Symposium held on March 25-28, 2002 in Berkeley, California, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Bechtel Natl Corp, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Stuttgart, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Findikakis, AN (reprint author), Bechtel Natl Corp, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP III EP IV PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800002 ER PT J AU Doughty, C Karasaki, K AF Doughty, C Karasaki, K TI Modeling flow and transport in saturated fractured rock to evaluate site characterization SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE fractured rock; effective continuum model; site characterization; flow and transport modeling AB Using regional geographic, geologic, surface and subsurface hydrologic, and geophysical data for the Tono area in Gifu, Japan, we develop a numerical model to simulate subsurface flow and transport in a 4 km x 6 km x 3 km thick fractured granite rock mass overlain by sedimentary layers. Individual fractures are not modeled explicitly. Rather, large-scale features such as lithologic layering and major fault zones are assigned deterministically, and continuum permeability and porosity distributions are assigned stochastically, based on well-test data and fracture density measurements. The model simulates the steady-state groundwater flow through the site, and then stream trace analysis is used to calculate travel times to the model boundary from specified points. The study is being conducted as a part of the site characterization effort for the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory in Japan. Predicted travel times range from I to 25 years. Several other research groups also developed models based on the same data set, and comparison between different models' results highlight which aspects of site characterization need to be improved in order to increase confidence in model predictions. A wide range in travel times obtained by the different research groups (1-10,000,000 years) can be largely attributed to orders of magnitude differences in the effective porosity used for the fracture network. This underscores the importance of improved porosity estimates as a key component of future site characterization. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doughty, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800007 ER PT J AU Peterson, RE Connelly, MP AF Peterson, RE Connelly, MP TI Water movement in the zone of interaction between groundwater and the Columbia River, Hanford Site, Washington SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE groundwater modeling; groundwater/surface water interaction; hanford site; Columbia river; environmental monitoring ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON AB A two-dimensional model that simulates flow pathlines in a vertical cross section oriented perpendicular to the Columbia River has been developed for a location at the Hanford Site. Hydraulic head data from wells and the adjacent river were used to calculate flow direction and velocity in hourly increments for an entire seasonal cycle. River stage cycles extend through a range of several meters, thus exerting a strong influence on water movement in the zone of interaction. By including a fluctuating river stage at the river boundary (center of channel), the model showed that landward of and beneath the shoreline, flow pathlines within the aquifer are deflected downward. The region immediately beneath the shoreline is strongly influenced by river water that infiltrates during high river stage. On the river side of the shoreline, groundwater discharges upward into the river channel, with pathlines converging in the riverbed relatively close to shore. If the model is run assuming a constant, average river stage, these movement features are not represented, thus demonstrating the need to include transient boundary conditions when a fluctuating river stage influences the zone of interaction between groundwater and surface water. The model provides information that supports a variety of applications, including monitoring strategies, contaminant transport models, risk assessments, remedial action design, and compliance requirements for remedial actions. C1 Battelle Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. HydroGeoLogic Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peterson, RE (reprint author), Battelle Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K6-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.peterson@pnl.gov; Michael_Connelly@rl.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800009 ER PT J AU Beauheim, RL Roberts, RM Avis, JD AF Beauheim, RL Roberts, RM Avis, JD TI Well testing in fractured media: flow dimensions and diagnostic plots SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE flow dimensions; hydraulic tests; diagnostic plots; heterogeneity; fractured media AB Hydraulic tests in heterogeneous media, particularly fractured media, are difficult to analyze because of the absence of radial flow. The theory of flow dimensions introduced by Barker in 1988 (Water Resour Res. 24(10), 1988, 1796) provided a method of analyzing pumping (constant-rate) tests in non-radial systems, and this approach was later extended to constant-pressure tests. However, little use seems to be made of the flow-dimension approach to well-test analysis, perhaps because no easily applied method has been presented for determining, at the initial stage of an analysis, if such an approach would be productive. Depending on the distribution of heterogeneities within an aquifer, flow to a well may have almost any dimension (not limited to linear, radial, or spherical), or no constant dimension at all. Any well-test analytical solution requires that hydraulic properties be stable on some scale before those properties can be uniquely quantified. For each type of hydraulic test (constant-rate, constant-pressure, or slug/pulse), we suggest that a diagnostic plot of the scaled first or second derivative of the pressure or flow-rate response be created to determine, first, if a stable flow dimension was reached during the test and, second, what the value of that flow dimension is. If a stable flow dimension was reached, the scaled derivative will exhibit a constant value (scaled to be equal to the flow dimension). If the scaled derivative does not stabilize at a constant value, then no flow dimension can be specified and no unique hydraulic properties can be inferred analytically from the test. In all cases, the scale of testing must be appropriate to the scale of underlying interest. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. INTERA Engn Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1S 2E1, Canada. RP Beauheim, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 4100 Natl Pks Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800011 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZF Ward, AL Gee, GW AF Zhang, ZF Ward, AL Gee, GW TI A parameter scaling concept for estimating field-scale hydraulic functions of layered soils SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE upscaling; field scale; effective hydraulic properties; vadose zone ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TRANSPORT PARAMETERS; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; UNSATURATED FLOW; WATER-RETENTION; INVERSE METHOD; POROUS-MEDIA; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSIENT; INFILTRATION AB Predicting flow and transport in unsaturated porous media is often hampered by limited data and the uncertainties in constitutive property information at the appropriate spatial scales. Some studies have used inverse flow modeling for parameter estimation to overcome these limitations. However, determination of the soil hydraulic parameters of layered soils remains a challenge since inverting for too many parameters can lead to the non-uniqueness of parameter values. Here we propose a parameter scaling method that reduces the number of parameters to be estimated. First, parameter scaling factors are determined using local-scale parameter values. After assigning scaling factors to the corresponding soil textures in the field, the reference hydraulic parameter values at the field scale can be estimated through inverse modeling of well-designed field experiments. Finally, parameters for individual textures are obtained through inverse scaling of the reference values. The number of unknown variables is reduced by a factor equal to the number of textures (M) and the simulation time is reduced by the square of the number of textures (M-2). The proposed method was tested using two infiltration-drainage experiments in layered soils. The STOMP numerical simulator was combined with the inverse modeling program, UCODE, to estimate the hydraulic parameters. Simulation errors were significantly reduced after applying parameter scaling and inverse modeling. When compared to the use of local-scale parameters, parameter scaling reduced the sum of squared weighted residual by 93-96%. C1 Pacific Northwest Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, ZF (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800014 ER PT J AU Unger, AJA Bodvarsson, GS Simmons, AM AF Unger, AJA Bodvarsson, GS Simmons, AM TI Simulating infiltration in unsaturated basalt for the Large-Scale Aquifer Pumping and Infiltration Test at INEEL SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE variably-saturated flow; fractured basalt; dual permeability; inverse modeling ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; FLOW; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB The Large-Scale Aquifer Pumping and Infiltration Test (LPIT) conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory was modeled using TOUGH2 to simulate the highly transient water infiltration and perched-water conditions in the fractured basalt and sedimentary interbeds existing at the site. The fracture and matrix continua of the basalt were represented using a dual-permeability approach. Six perched-water hydrographs, measured during the infiltration test, were used for calibration with iTOUGH2 to estimate six parameters that controlled unsaturated flow in the fractured basalt and the dense clay sedimentary interbed underlying the basalt flow. These parameters included the interfacial area between the basalt fracture and matrix continua, the basalt fracture continuum permeability, the basalt matrix continuum permeability, the interbed matrix continuum permeability, and the interbed van Genuchten capillary pressure parameters. The intent of the calibration was to obtain large-scale properties of the lithological units affecting the field-scale LPIT test. Finally, we tested the applicability of the dual-permeability conceptual model for representing transient variably saturated flow in fractured basalt. Parameters obtained from the calibration were within the range of hydrogeological parameters measured from cores obtained in the field, substantiating the physical relevance of the calibration effort. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Unger, AJA (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM aunger@scimail.uwaterloo.ca NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 105 EP 113 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800015 ER PT J AU Wu, YS Liu, JC AF Wu, YS Liu, JC TI Integration of perched water and chloride data in modeling flow processes within the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE perched water; chloride; unsaturated zone; Yucca Mountain; geochemistry; infiltration; percolation ID TRANSPORT AB This paper presents a modeling study incorporating field-measured perched water and chloride data into a three-dimensional (3-D) large-scale unsaturated zone (UZ) model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential underground nuclear waste repository site. This study integrates field measured perched water and pore-water chloride data into a single 3-D flow and transport model through model calibration. Using these field data in model calibration is intended to improve the model's capability to evaluate current conditions and predict future conditions of the unsaturated zone, so as to aid in the performance assessment of the proposed repository system. The calibration results show that the large-scale UZ flow and transport model may be able to predict both moisture and chloride geochemical conditions at the site. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, YS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800016 ER PT J AU Kitterod, NO Finsterle, S AF Kitterod, NO Finsterle, S TI Simulating unsaturated flow fields based on saturation measurements SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE unsaturated flow fields; empirical orthogonal functions; inverse modeling ID SOIL; TRANSPORT; TRANSIENT; STATE AB Large amounts of de-icing chemicals are applied at the airport of Oslo, Norway. These chemicals pose a potential hazard to the groundwater because the airport is located on a delta deposit over an unconfined aquifer. Under normal flow conditions, most of the chemicals degrade in the vadose zone, but during periods of intensive infiltration, the residence time of contaminants in the unsaturated zone may be too short for sufficient degradation. To assess the potential for groundwater contamination and to design remedial actions, it is essential to quantify. flow velocities in the vadose zone. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate theoretical possibilities of using measurements of liquid saturation in combination with inverse modeling for the estimation of unsaturated flow velocities. The main stratigraphic units and their geometry were identified from ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements and borehole logs. These observations are included as a priori information in the inverse modeling. The liquid saturation measurements reveal the smaller-scale heterogeneities within each stratigraphic unit. The relatively low sensitivity of flow velocities to the observable saturation limits the direct inference of hydraulic parameters. However, even an approximate estimate of flow velocities is valuable as long as the estimate is qualified by an uncertainty measure. A method referred to as simulation by Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) was adapted for uncertainty propagation analyses. The EOF method is conditional in the sense that statistical moments are reproduced independent of second-order stationarity. This implies that unlikely parameter combinations are discarded from the uncertainty propagation analysis. Simple forward simulations performed with the most likely parameter set are qualitatively consistent with the apparent fast flow of contaminants from an accidental spill. A field tracer test performed close to the airport will be used as an independent dataset to confirm the inverse modeling results. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Geophys, Oslo, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Earth Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kitterod, NO (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geophys, Oslo, Norway. EM nilsotto@geo.uio.no RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800017 ER PT J AU Juanes, R Patzek, TW AF Juanes, R Patzek, TW TI Multiscale-stabilized finite element methods for miscible and immiscible flow in porous media SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE flow in porous media; conservation laws; multiscale phenomena; finite elements; stabilized methods ID ADVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATION; DARCY FLOW; IMPLEMENTATION; FORMULATION AB In this paper we study the numerical solution of miscible and immiscible flow in porous media, acknowledging that these phenomena entail a multiplicity of scales. The governing equations are conservation laws, which take the form of a linear advection-diffusion equation and the Buckley-Leverett equation, respectively. We are interested in the case of small diffusion, so that the equations are almost hyperbolic. Here we present a stabilized finite element method, which arises from considering a multiscale decomposition of the variable of interest into resolved and unresolved scales. This approach incorporates the effect of the fine (subgrid) scale onto the coarse (grid) scale. The numerical simulations clearly show the potential of the method for solving multiphase compositional flow in porous media. The results for the Buckley-Leverett problem are particularly remarkable. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Juanes, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, 92 Green Earth Sci Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Juanes, Ruben/F-8004-2011 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800018 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, HS Valocchi, AJ AF Viswanathan, HS Valocchi, AJ TI Comparison of streamtube and three-dimensional models of reactive transport in heterogeneous media SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Groundwater Symposium CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL Berkeley, CA DE streamtube; three-dimensional models; heterogeneous media ID STOCHASTIC-CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; MULTICOMPONENT; SIMULATION AB Field-scale transport of reactive solutes is influenced strongly by physical and geochemical heterogeneity over a wide range of spatial scales. Accurate numerical simulation requires fine spatial and temporal discretization to resolve the smallest scales of heterogeneity, in addition to coupling large numbers of chemical components participating in geochemical and microbiological reactions. Standard approaches based upon finite difference or finite element discretization of the governing set of advection-dispersion-reaction equations can lead to computational difficulties for large problems. To overcome these difficulties, several streamtube-based models have been presented in the literature. These models neglect transverse dispersion, and hence reactive transport occurs along independent one-dimensional streamtubes. Therefore, streamtube models are well-suited for applications where the objective is to calculate solute flux breakthrough across a control plane. We develop a reactive streamtube model by modification of the Finite Element Heat and Mass transfer code (FEHM), an existing flow and transport code. FERM can simulate unsaturated zone conditions, heat flow, and multicomponent reactive transport, and has been used extensively by the Yucca Mountain Project. Because the same underlying numerical algorithms are used in both the FERM and streamtube models, direct comparison of their relative performance is possible. We perform this comparison for a three-dimensional reactive transport example, to demonstrate the large potential computational advantages of the streamtube approach. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Viswanathan, HS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2004 VL 42 SI SI BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 818JG UT WOS:000221240800019 ER PT J AU Yan, XM Schielke, EG Grace, KM Hassell, C Marrone, BL Nolan, JP AF Yan, XM Schielke, EG Grace, KM Hassell, C Marrone, BL Nolan, JP TI Microsphere-based duplexed immunoassay for influenza virus typing by flow cytometry SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE immunoassay; microspheres; multiplex; fluorescence; flow cytometry; influenza virus ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; SUSPENSION ARRAY TECHNOLOGY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FLU OIA TEST; OPTICAL IMMUNOASSAY; RAPID DETECTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; CELL-CULTURE; B VIRUSES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB We have developed a rapid, duplexed microsphere-based immunoassay for the characterization of influenza virus types that has the potential to overcome many of the limitations of current detection methods. The assay uses microspheres of two sizes, each coupled to an influenza type A- or type B-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), to capture influenza viruses in the sample. A cocktail of fluorescently labeled, influenza-specific polyclonal antibodies then binds the captured viruses. The sandwich complexes are measured using a multiparameter flow cytometer. The assay can distinguish between influenza types A and B in a single reaction with good reproducibility and high sensitivity. Detection sensitivity is much higher than that of commercially available influenza diagnosis quick kits: the FLU OIA (Thermo Biostar) kit and the Directigen Flu A+B kit (Becton Dickinson). The multiplexing capabilities of the current assay, which are not possible with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the commercially available kits, reduce sample handling and consume fewer costly reagents. This assay represents a more efficient and sensitive method of characterizing influenza types. With inclusion of influenza subtype-specific antibodies as capture antibodies, this microsphere-based immunoassay can be expanded to differentiate among influenza types and subtypes in a single reaction to improve world-wide influenza surveillance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yan, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yan@lanl.gov; nolan_john_p@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315] NR 38 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN PY 2004 VL 284 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2003.09.016 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 768YJ UT WOS:000188598400004 PM 14736414 ER PT J AU Robinett, RD Hurtado, JE AF Robinett, RD Hurtado, JE TI Stability and control of collective systems SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cooperative robots; Lyapunov analysis; decentralized control; distributed systems AB In this paper, decentralized, distributed feedback control laws are presented for cooperative robotic systems whose task is to localize unknown sources. The control laws follow from a second order representation of the source field. The stability of the proposed feedback control laws for the individual robots, and for the entire robot collective, is demonstrated using Lyapunov's direct method and a vector Lyapunov approach. Additional feedback control laws are proposed to achieve an additional level of coordination. In particular, control laws that achieve desired formations surrounding a localized source are developed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Energy & Transportat Secur Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, TAMU 3141, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Energy & Transportat Secur Ctr, POB 5800,MS 0741, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rdrobin@sandia.gov; jehurtado@tamu.edu RI Hurtado, John/F-8280-2011 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 EI 1573-0409 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1023/B:JINT.0000010806.51523.0d PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 763UX UT WOS:000188119800003 ER PT J AU Wang, TY Ronni, T Gu, S Du, YC Sun, HQ Yin, HL Chen X AF Wang, TY Ronni, T Gu, S Du, YC Sun, HQ Yin, HL Chen, X TI A quantitative proteomic approach reveals functional protein-protein interactions in immune cells at real-time: FLAP-1 and Fliih modulate the MyD88-dependent pathway SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Leukocyte-Biology CY OCT 21-23, 2004 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Leukocyte Biol C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 2004 SU S BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 851KD UT WOS:000223683100149 ER PT J AU Chen, ZM Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ Smith, BR Ma, BM Huang, MQ AF Chen, ZM Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ Smith, BR Ma, BM Huang, MQ TI A study on the role of Nb in melt-spun nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnets SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline magnet; thermal stability; microstructure; Nb ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; THERMAL-STABILITY; ND2FE14B AB The effect of Nb substitution on the thermal stability of melt-spun powders with near stoichiometric 2:14:1 composition of Nd12Fe82-xNbxB6 (x = 0, 1.5 and 3) has been investigated. It has been found that the thermal stability is significantly improved with 1.5 at% Nb substitution. As compared with the ternary Nd12Fe82B6, the Nb-substituted Nd12Fe80.5Nb1.5B6 powder exhibits remarkably increased coercivity (H-ci) over a wide temperature range of 22-180degreesC. The temperature coefficient of coercivity (beta) is reduced from -0.36%/degreesC at x = 0 to -0.32%/degreesC at x = 1.5. As a result of improved coercivity and its temperature dependence, the irreversible flux aging loss (delta(irr)), measured on the epoxy bonded magnets after being exposed at 180degreesC for 100 h, is also significantly decreased from -13.7% at x = 0 to -5.0% with x = 1.5. Microstructure studies using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have shown a significant microstructure refinement with Nb substitution. Nb substitution also increases the amount of alpha-Fe phase in the alloys. For x = 0, the average grain size of the magnetically soft phase (alpha-Fe) is 15 nm, while the hard phase (Nd2Fe14B) has an average grain size of 30 nm. The soft and hard magnetically phases are reduced to <10 and 10-20 run, respectively for x = 1.5 and 3. Enriched Nb along the grain boundaries is believed to be the main reason for the observed improved thermal stability in Nb-substituted powders. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Magnequench Technol Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, YQ (reprint author), Magnequench Technol Ctr, 9000 Dev Dr,POB 14827, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 268 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00481-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745WV UT WOS:000186714900015 ER PT J AU Jiang, KY Schadler, LS Siegel, RW Zhang, XJ Zhang, HF Terrones, M AF Jiang, KY Schadler, LS Siegel, RW Zhang, XJ Zhang, HF Terrones, M TI Protein immobilization on carbon nanotubes via a two-step process of diimide-activated amidation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOSENSORS; ARRAYS; ROUTE AB Ferritin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) proteins are chemically bonded to nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNx MWNTs) through a two-step process of diimide-activated amidation. First, carboxylated CNx MWNTs were activated by N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride ( EDAC), forming a stable active ester in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide ( NHS). Second, the active ester was reacted with the amine groups on the proteins of ferritin or BSA, forming an amide bond between the CNx MWNTs and proteins. This two-step process avoids the intermolecular conjugation of proteins, and guarantees the uniform attachment of proteins on carbon nanotubes. TEM and AFM measurements clearly confirmed the successful attachment. This approach provides a universal and efficient method to attach biomolecules to carbon nanotubes at ambient conditions. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Rensselaer Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. IPICyT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico. RP Jiang, KY (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014 NR 19 TC 216 Z9 221 U1 7 U2 71 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1039/b310359e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 757DH UT WOS:000187533200005 ER PT J AU Saengkerdsub, S Im, HJ Willis, C Dai, S AF Saengkerdsub, S Im, HJ Willis, C Dai, S TI Pechini-type in-situ polymerizable complex (IPC) method applied to the synthesis of Y2O3 : Ln (Ln = Ce or Eu) nanocrystallites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL PREPARATION; NANOPARTICLES; LUMINESCENCE; OXIDES; SCATTERING; PHOSPHORS; POWDERS AB A Pechini-type, in-situ polymerizable complex (IPC) method was demonstrated as applicable to the synthesis of nanocrystalline multicomponent metal oxides with reproducibility and reasonable yield. In oleic acid - octyl ether reaction media, nanocrystalline, phase-pure Y2O3: Ln ( Ln = Ce or Eu) samples were prepared with size ranges from 6 to 14 nm at 40% yield. Sample sizes and morphology were characterized by TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The amount of Ce and Eu dopants were identified quantitatively by ICP-AE analysis. Photoluminescence of both cerium- and europium-doped nanocrystalline samples were reported. The Y2O3: Ce (3 mol%) nanocrystallites demonstrated its activity as a scintillator in alpha particle detection. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1207 EP 1211 DI 10.1039/b309606h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 805QJ UT WOS:000220380500020 ER PT J AU Guo, XZ Devi, PS Ravi, BG Parise, JB Sampath, S Hanson, JC AF Guo, XZ Devi, PS Ravi, BG Parise, JB Sampath, S Hanson, JC TI Phase evolution of yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) in a citrate-nitrate gel combustion process SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; EUTECTIC COMPOSITE; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; SOLID-STATE; PRECURSORS; BEHAVIOR; FILMS AB Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) powders were synthesized by a citrate-nitrate gel combustion process. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction experiments were used to study the phase evolution. Formation of the pure YAG phase depends on the level of precursor decomposition in the combustion process. Removal of undecomposed citric acid from the starting precursor powder helps to lower the temperature at which the YAG phase begins to form and the temperature at which the pure, highly crystalline YAG phase is obtained. The value of citrate to nitrate ratio in the precursor gel affects the phase evolution for YAG. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Electroceram Div, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Guo, XZ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM xiguo@ic.sunysb.edu RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Devi, P. Sujatha/G-6970-2011 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1288 EP 1292 DI 10.1039/b316434a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 810NM UT WOS:000220711000012 ER PT J AU Song, J Chen, J Klapperich, CM Eng, V Bertozzi, CR AF Song, J Chen, J Klapperich, CM Eng, V Bertozzi, CR TI Functional glass slides for in vitro evaluation of interactions between osteosarcoma TE85 cells and mineral-binding ligands SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROBE LEVEL DATA; GENE-EXPRESSION; BONE SIALOPROTEIN; POLYMER SCAFFOLDS; DIFFERENTIATION; ACID; PROTEINS; MATRIX; LINES; HYDROXYAPATITE AB Primary amine-functionalized glass slides obtained through a multi-step plasma treatment were conjugated with anionic amino acids that are frequently found as mineral binding elements in acidic extracellular matrix components of natural bone. The modified glass surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. Human osteosarcoma TE85 cells were cultured on these functionalized slides and analyses on both protein and gene expression levels were performed to probe the "biocompatibility'' of the surface ligands. Cell attachment and proliferation on anionic surfaces were either better than or comparable to those of cells cultured on tissue culture polystyrene ( TCPS). The modified glass surfaces promoted the expression of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity and ECM proteins such as fibronectin and vitronectin under differentiation culture conditions. Transcript analysis using gene chip microarrays confirmed that culturing TE85 cells on anionic surfaces did not activate apoptotic pathways. Collectively, these results suggest that the potential mineral-binding anionic ligands examined here do not exert significant adverse effects on the expression of important osteogenic markers of TE85 cells. This work paves the way for the incorporation of these ligands into 3-dimensional artificial bone-like scaffolds. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Mfg, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JSong@lbl.gov; crb@berkeley.edu RI Klapperich, Catherine/D-5533-2011; OI Klapperich, Catherine /0000-0001-6103-849X NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 17 BP 2643 EP 2648 DI 10.1039/b408597n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 848TQ UT WOS:000223490500010 ER PT J AU Lehn, JSBM van der Heide, P Wang, YQ Suh, S Hoffman, DM AF Lehn, JSBM van der Heide, P Wang, YQ Suh, S Hoffman, DM TI A new precursor for the chemical vapor deposition of tantalum nitride films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Materials Discussion Meeting CY SEP 13-15, 2004 CL Queen Mary Coll, London, ENGLAND HO Queen Mary Coll ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; DIFFUSION BARRIER PROPERTIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE DEPOSITION; METALLO-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; THIN-FILMS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CU METALLIZATION; NITROGEN BONDS; TACN FILMS; COPPER AB A new precursor system for the deposition of tantalum nitride films has been developed. The tantalum(IV) complexes Ta(NEt2)(2)Cl-2(p-Me(2)Npy)(2) and Ta(NEt2)(2)(NCy2)(2) were synthesized and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Ta(NEt2)(2)Cl-2(p-Me(2)Npy)(2) has an octahedral structure with trans chloride and cis amido ligands, and Ta(NEt2)(2)(NCy2)(2) has a distorted tetrahedral geometry. Tantalum nitride films were prepared from Ta(NEt2)(2)(NCy2)(2) and ammonia at 340 degreesC using aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The films on glass had resistivities of 2.5 +/- 0.1 x 10(5) muOmega cm. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, forward recoil spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data suggest the films have a composition of approximately TaN1.5H0.3-0.5. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data also indicate that the average tantalum oxidation state is +4 and that each hydrogen atom in the film is associated with two nitrogen atoms on average. The films were a barrier to diffusion between copper and silicon at 500 degreesC for one hour. The results of this study suggest that the oxidation state of the metal in the precursor controls the oxidation state of the metal in the film, and thereby the film stoichiometry and properties. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Ctr Mat Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ion Beam Mat Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoffman, DM (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Univ Pk, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM hoffman@uh.edu NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 21 BP 3239 EP 3245 DI 10.1039/b408180c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 865WU UT WOS:000224735700022 ER PT J AU Fryxell, GE Wu, H Lin, YH Shaw, WJ Birnbaum, JC Linehan, JC Nie, ZM Kemner, K Kelly, S AF Fryxell, GE Wu, H Lin, YH Shaw, WJ Birnbaum, JC Linehan, JC Nie, ZM Kemner, K Kelly, S TI Lanthanide selective sorbents: self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMS) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; NANOSCALE MATERIALS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; RARE-EARTHS; NITRIC-ACID; METAL-IONS; SILICA AB Through the marriage of mesoporous ceramics with self-assembled monolayer chemistry, the genesis of a powerful new class of environmental sorbent materials has been realized. By coating the mesoporous ceramic backbone with a monolayer terminated with a lanthanide-selective ligand, it is possible to couple high lanthanide binding affinity with the high loading capacity (resulting from the extremely high surface area of the support). This lanthanide-selective ligand field is created by pairing a "hard'' anionic Lewis base with a suitable synergistic ligand, in a favorable chelating geometry. Details of the synthesis, characterization, lanthanide binding studies, binding kinetics, competition experiments and sorbent regeneration studies are summarized. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; NR 70 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 22 BP 3356 EP 3363 DI 10.1039/b408181a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 869DM UT WOS:000224963600013 ER PT J AU Oliver, WC Pharr, GM AF Oliver, WC Pharr, GM TI Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID NANOINDENTATION UNLOADING CURVES; FILM MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC SOLIDS; CONTACT AREA; THIN-FILMS; SPHERICAL INDENTATIONS; CONICAL INDENTATION; ALTERNATIVE METHOD; COATED SYSTEMS; LAYERED MEDIUM AB The method we introduced in 1992 for measuring hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation techniques has widely been adopted and used in the characterization of small-scale mechanical behavior. Since its original development, the method has undergone numerous refinements and changes brought about by improvements to testing equipment and techniques as well as from advances in our understanding of the mechanics of elastic-plastic contact. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanics governing elastic-plastic indentation as they pertain to load and depth-sensing indentation testing of monolithic materials and provide an update of how we now implement the method to make the most accurate mechanical property measurements. The limitations of the method are also discussed. C1 MTS Syst Corp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oliver, WC (reprint author), MTS Syst Corp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI zhang, mingjie/C-1507-2012 NR 66 TC 2464 Z9 2554 U1 61 U2 569 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.0002 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100002 ER PT J AU Schuh, CA Nieh, TG AF Schuh, CA Nieh, TG TI A survey of instrumented indentation studies on metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; SHEAR-CRACK PROPAGATION; SERRATED PLASTIC-FLOW; NOTCH BENDING TESTS; CU-SI ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INHOMOGENEOUS FLOW; STRAIN-RATE; ELASTOPLASTIC PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS AB The development of instrumented nanoindentation equipment has occurred concurrently with the discovery of many new families of bulk metallic glass during the past decade. While indentation testing has long been used to assess the mechanical properties of metallic glasses, depth-sensing capabilities offer a new approach to study the fundamental physics behind glass deformation. This article is a succinct review of the research to date on the indentation of metallic glasses. In addition to standard hardness measurements, the onset of plasticity in metallic glasses is reviewed as well as the role of shear banding in indentation, structural changes beneath the indenter, and rate-dependent effects measured by nanoindentation. The article concludes with perspectives about the future directions for nanocontact studies on metallic glasses. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schuh, CA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009; Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 94 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 8 U2 59 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.46 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100005 ER PT J AU Yang, W Larson, BC Pharr, GM Ice, GE Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Liu, WJ AF Yang, W Larson, BC Pharr, GM Ice, GE Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Liu, WJ TI Deformation microstructure under microindents in single-crystal Cu using three-dimensional x-ray structural microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; WT-PERCENT-SI; INDENTATION; HARDNESS; NANOINDENTATION; POLYCRYSTALS; BOUNDARIES; RESOLUTION; MICROBEAMS; MECHANICS AB The use of three-dimensional x-ray structural microscopy for nondestructive investigations of the deformation microstructure under microindents was demonstrated. Point to point, micrometer-resolution x-ray microbeam measurements of local lattice rotations were made for selected positions under 100-mN Berkovich and conical indents in single-crystal copper. Local lattice orientation measurements were used to extract micrometer by micrometer lattice misorientations and rotation axes along x-ray microbeams. Measurements of the deformation microstructure in symmetry and off-symmetry geometries are reported and discussed in terms of their potential for fundamental deformation investigations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Yang, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.66 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100007 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Miranda, P AF Hsueh, CH Miranda, P TI Master curves for Hertzian indentation on coating/substrate systems SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; INDUCED RADIAL CRACKING; COATING SUBSTRATE; CONTACT STRESSES; BILAYER COATINGS; HALF-SPACE; INDENTERS; LOAD AB An analytical model was developed to derive an approximate closed-form solution for indenter displacement when a rigid spherical indenter is pressed onto a coating/substrate system. Finite element analyses were also performed to verify the analytical solution. The results showed that the solution could be obtained from the analytical expression for Hertzian indentation on a homogeneous semi-infinite elastic medium multiplied by a modification term. This modification term is a function of two ratios: (i) Young's modulus ratio between the coating and the substrate and (ii) the ratio between the coating thickness and the contact radius. Based on this modification term, master curves for Hertzian indentation on coating/substrate systems were plotted. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Extremadura, Escuela Ingn Ind, Dept Elect & Ingn Electromecan, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Miranda, Pedro/C-4465-2008; Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0003-4348-110X; NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.0011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100011 ER PT J AU Fan, Z Rho, JY Swadener, JG AF Fan, Z Rho, JY Swadener, JG TI Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the effects of anisotropy on bone mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIBIAL CORTICAL BONE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; LAMELLAR BONE; INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; YOUNGS MODULUS; HALF-SPACES; HARDNESS; VICKERS; CONTACT; LOAD AB A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model with elastic-plastic anisotropy was built to investigate the effects of anisotropy on nanoindentation measurements for cortical bone. The FEA model has demonstrated a capability to capture the cortical bone material response under the indentation process. By comparison with the contact area obtained from monitoring the contact profile in FEA simulations, the Oliver-Pharr method was found to underpredict or overpredict the contact area due to the effects of anisotropy. The amount of error (less than 10% for cortical bone) depended on the indentation orientation. The indentation modulus results obtained from FEA simulations at different surface orientations showed a trend similar to experimental results and were also similar to moduli calculated from a mathematical model. The Oliver-Pharr method has been shown to be useful for providing first-order approximations in the analysis of anisotropic mechanical properties of cortical bone, although the indentation modulus is influenced by anisotropy. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biomed Engn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fan, Z (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Orthoped & Rehabil Engn Ctr, Acad Support Facil 105, 735 N 17th St,POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM zaifeng.fan@marquette.edu OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.114 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100013 ER PT J AU Minor, AM Lilleodden, ET Stach, EA Morris, JW AF Minor, AM Lilleodden, ET Stach, EA Morris, JW TI Direct observations of incipient plasticity during nanoindentation of Al SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAIN-BOUNDARY MOTION; YIELD-POINT; DEFORMATION; DIAMOND; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALS; HARDNESS; FILMS AB The mechanical testing technique for in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope is described and is shown to provide real-time observations of the mechanisms of plastic deformation that occur during nanoindentation. Here, the importance of this technique was demonstrated on an aluminum thin film deposited on a single-crystalline silicon substrate. Significant results include direct observation of dislocation nucleation, characterization of the dislocation distribution created by indentation, and the observation of indentation-induced grain boundary motion. The observations achieved by this technique provide unique insight into mechanical behavior studied with conventional instrumented nanoindentation techniques and also provide microstructural-level understanding of the mechanics of ultrasmall volumes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Nalt Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Nalt Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Minor, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Nalt Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 30 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 32 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.176 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100021 ER PT J AU Nayak, S Riester, L Dahotre, NB AF Nayak, S Riester, L Dahotre, NB TI Instrumented indentation probing of laser surface-refined cast Al alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-SILICON; HARDNESS AB The surface layer of A319 alloy was refined by selective remelting using laser energy. Instrumented indentation technique was used to measure hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) of the laser-melted layer. Berkovich tip was used to indent the material for 100-nm, 200-nm, 500-nm, and 1000-nm depths. The H and the E were found to be 1.22 GPa and 78.2 GPa, respectively, for 1000-nm indentation depths. The variances associated with H and E were minimal, whereas, the same for substrate possessed significant scattering. Also, H and E increased with decreasing depth of indentation. Closer examination suggested that when the heterogeneity in the material was in the scale of indentation depth, significant scattering took place and the hard phase Si influenced the average hardness. However, the influence of indentation depth on elastic modulus was not statistically significant. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nayak, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.202 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100024 ER PT J AU Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM AF Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM TI Hall-Petch relationship in pulsed-laser deposited nickel films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL; YIELD-STRESS; ELECTRODEPOSITED NI; THIN-FILMS; NANOINDENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; METALS; INDENTATION AB Thin-film mechanical properties can be measured using nanoindentation combined with detailed finite element modeling. This technique was used for a study of very fine grained Ni films, formed using pulsed-laser deposition on fused silica, sapphire, and Ni substrates. The grain sizes in the films were characterized by electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties were determined by ultra-low load indentation, analyzed using finite element modeling to separate the mechanical properties of the thin layers from those of the substrates. Some Ni films were deposited at high temperature or annealed after deposition to enlarge the grain sizes. The observed hardnesses and grain sizes in these thin Ni films are consistent with the empirical Hall-Petch relationship for grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers to as small as 10 rim, suggesting that deformation occurs preferentially by dislocation movement even in such nanometer-size grains. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knapp, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 35 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.218 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100026 ER PT J AU Follstaedt, DM Knapp, JA Myers, SM AF Follstaedt, DM Knapp, JA Myers, SM TI Mechanical properties of ion-implanted amorphous silicon SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ULTRA-MICRO-INDENTATION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; SPHERICAL INDENTERS; CARBON-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; AMORPHIZATION; DEFORMATION; DIAMOND; SI AB We used nanoindentation coupled with finite element modeling to determine the mechanical properties of amorphous Si layers formed by self-ion implantation of crystalline Si at approximately 100 K. When the effects of the harder substrate on the response of the layers to indentation were accounted for, the amorphous,phase was found to have a Young's modulus of 136 +/- 9 GPa and a hardness of 10.9 +/- 0.9 GPa, which were 19% and 10% lower than the corresponding values for crystalline Si. The hardness agrees well with the pressure known to induce a phase transition in amorphous Si to the denser beta-Sn-type structure of Si. This transition controls the yielding of amorphous Si under compressive stress during indentation, just as it does in crystalline Si. After annealing 1 h at 500 degreesC to relax the amorphous structure, the corresponding values increase slightly to 146 +/- 9 GPa and 11.6 +/- 1.0 GPa. Because hardness and elastic modulus are only moderately reduced with respect to crystalline Si, amorphous Si may be a useful alternative material for components in Si-based microelectromechanical systems if other improved properties are; needed, such as increased fracture toughness. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Follstaedt, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 57 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 338 EP 346 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100038 ER PT J AU Goldsby, DL Rar, A Pharr, GM Tullis, TE AF Goldsby, DL Rar, A Pharr, GM Tullis, TE TI Nanoindentation creep of quartz, with implications for rate- and state-variable friction laws relevant to earthquake mechanics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT FRICTION; STICK-SLIP; ROCK FRICTION; INDENTATION; TEMPERATURE; CONTACTS; BEHAVIOR AB The frictional behavior of rocks in the laboratory is reasonably well described by rate- and state-variable friction laws, which reproduce a rich variety of natural phenomena when used in models of earthquakes. Despite the widespread adoption of the rate and state formalism in earthquake mechanics, the physical mechanisms that occur at microscopic contacting asperities on the sliding surface, which give rise to the observed rate and state effects, are still poorly understood. In an attempt to identify these underlying mechanisms, a series of nanoindentation experiments on quartz, all abundant mineral in the earth's crust, was conducted. These experiments demonstrate the utility of using continuous stiffness measurements as a means of obtaining reliable indentation creep data on hard materials like quartz at room temperature. The projected area of indentation in quartz increases linearly with the logarithm of the time of indentation, in agreement with the increase in real area of contact with log time inferred from slide-hold-slide friction experiments on quartz rocks. However, the increase in fractional area with time in the indentation tests was larger than that inferred from friction experiments by a factor of 1.7. Differences between the rates of fractional area increase in the two tests may indicate that the increase in contact area during the hold portion of slide-hold-slide tests was modulated by slip that occurs during reloading after the hold, as was observed for other materials. The nanoindentation results suggest that the increase in frictional strength (i.e., the increase of state in the rate- and state-variable friction laws) during slide-hold-slide friction experiments was caused by creep of the highly stressed asperity contacts. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Goldsby, DL (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.0041 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100041 ER PT J AU Hassanein, A Sizyuk, V Tolkach, V Morozov, V Rice, B AF Hassanein, A Sizyuk, V Tolkach, V Morozov, V Rice, B TI HEIGHTS initial simulation of discharge produced plasma hydrodynamics and radiation transport for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE discharge-produced plasma; HEIGHTS-EUV; magnetohydrodynamics; radiation transport; numerical simulation AB Discharge-produced plasma (DPP) devices have been proposed as a light source for EUV lithography. A key challenge for DPP is achieving sufficient brightness to support the throughput requirements of exposure tools for high-volume manufacturing lithography. To simulate the environment of the EUV source and optimize the output of the source, an integrated model is being developed to describe the hydrodynamic and optical processes that occur in DPP devices. The model includes both plasma evolution and magnetohydrodynamic processes as well as detailed photon radiation transport. The total variation diminishing scheme in the Lax-Friedrich formulation for the description of magnetic compression and diffusion in a cylindrical geometry is used. Several models are being developed for opacity calculations: a collisional radiation equilibrium model, a self-consistent field model with Auger processes, and a nonstationary kinetic model. Radiation transport for both continuum and lines with detailed spectral profiles are taken into account. The developed models are integrated into the HEIGHTS-EUV computer simulation package. Preliminary results of a numerical simulation of xenon gas hydrodynamics and EUV radiation output are presented for various plasma conditions. (C) 2004 society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Intel Corp, Component Res Div, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hassanien@anl.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1117/1.1631445 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 826GT UT WOS:000221818000018 ER PT J AU Mirkarimi, PB Spiller, E Baker, SL Sperry, V Stearns, DG Gullikson, EM AF Mirkarimi, PB Spiller, E Baker, SL Sperry, V Stearns, DG Gullikson, EM TI Developing a viable multilayer coating process for extreme ultraviolet lithography reticles SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE reticles; extreme; ultraviolet; coatings; lithography ID X-RAY MIRRORS; ION-BOMBARDMENT; THIN-FILMS; MO-SI; ASSISTED DEPOSITION; MO/SI MULTILAYERS; GOLD NANOSPHERES; DEFECTS; REFLECTIVITY; ENHANCEMENT AB Reticle blanks for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) are fabricated by depositing reflective Mo/Si multilayer films on superpolished substrates. To obtain a reasonable cost of ownership for EUVL, the multilayer films must be nearly defect free, have excellent reflectance/thickness uniformity, and have a high EUV reflectance. Small particle contaminants on the substrate that can nucleate printable Mo/Si phase defects are a serious concern. We develop an ion-beam thin film planarization process for mitigating the effect of small substrate contaminants that relies on enhancing the smoothing capability of Mo/Si multilayer films; we observe that etching of the Si layers in between deposition steps can yield a significant improvement in smoothing. Using this process substrate particles as large as 50 nm in diameter are smoothed to similar to1 nm in height, rendering them harmless. We further develop this process so that it retains these particle-smoothing capabilities while also achieving a high EUV reflectance and excellent uniformity. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OS Assoc, Mountain View, CA 94040 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mirkarimi, PB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1117/1.1631006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 826GT UT WOS:000221818000019 ER PT J AU Lee, JM Hachman, JT Kelly, JJ West, AC AF Lee, JM Hachman, JT Kelly, JJ West, AC TI Improvement of current distribution uniformity on substrates for microelectromechanical systems SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE current distribution; lithographie, galvanoformung, and abformung; microelectromechanical systems; modeling; electrodeposition; microfabrication ID NICKEL; ELECTRODEPOSITION AB The employment of an insulating shield for the improvement of the current distribution on 3-in. wafer substrates is considered. Numerical analysis is used to evaluate the influence of shield shape and position on the deposition uniformity, and the simulation results are compared to experimental data for nickel deposition from a Ni sulfamate bath. The use of a shield is shown to be an effective and simple way to improve current distribution uniformity, reducing the measured disparity between the average current density and the current density at the substrate center from similar to35% to less than about 10% for the cases studied. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Proc Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, JM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jjkelly@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1117/1.1631924 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 826GT UT WOS:000221818000020 ER PT J AU Masiello, T Barber, J Chrysostom, ETH Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA Sams, RL AF Masiello, T Barber, J Chrysostom, ETH Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA Sams, RL TI Analysis of high-resolution infrared and CARS spectra of (SO3)-S-34-O-18 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared; spectrum; sulfur trioxide; sulfur-34; oxygen-18 ID SULFUR-TRIOXIDE; COHERENT RAMAN; HOT BANDS; NU(2); (SO3)-S-32-O-16; SPECTROSCOPY; BF3 AB Three fundamental modes and several hot bands of (SO3)-S-34-O-18 have been investigated using both infrared spectroscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy (CARS). Coriolis coupling effects are particularly noticeable in (SO3)-S-34-O-18 due to the close proximity of the v(2) and v(4) fundamental vibrations, whose wavenumber values are 477.50864(5) and 502.05565(4) cm(-1). The uncertainties in the last digits are shown in parentheses and are two standard deviations. Hot band transitions from v(2), v(4) levels give access to infrared inactive v(2), v(4) combination/overtone levels which interact strongly with levels of the Raman-active v, symmetric stretching mode due to indirect Coriolis couplings, l-resonances, and Fermi resonances. The result is a complex vi CARS Q-branch spectrum that is the most perturbed of the four SO3 isotopomers we have studied. The relative importance of these interaction terms on the v(1) CARS spectrum is examined in some detail and accurate rovibrational constants are determined for all of the mixed states, leading to deperturbed values of 1004.662(24), 0.0003503(9), and 0.0007066(12) cm(-1) for v(1), alpha(1)(beta), and alpha(1)(C), respectively. The B-e value is found to be 0.310875(12) cm(-1), which gives an equilibrium bond length r(e) of 141.7339(3) pm, in excellent agreement with values of 141.7340(1) and 141.7347(7) pm reported earlier for (SO3)-S-32-O-16 and (SO3)-S-34-O-16. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 223 IS 1 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2003.09.010 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 757UG UT WOS:000187579400010 ER PT J AU Ye, XR Zhang, HF Lin, YH Wang, LS Wai, CM AF Ye, XR Zhang, HF Lin, YH Wang, LS Wai, CM TI Modification of SiO2 nanowires with metallic nanocrystals from supercritical CO2 SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SiO2 nanowires; metallic nanocrystals; supercritical fluid deposition; carbon nanotubes; nanocrystals; catalysts ID SILICON NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; DIOXIDE; FLUIDS; GROWTH; LOGIC AB Through hydrogen reduction of metal precursors in supercritical CO2, Cu, and Pd, nanocrystals were deposited onto SiO2 nanowires to form different types of nanostructured materials, including nanocrystal-nanowire, spherical aggregation-nanowire, shell-nanowire composites, and "mesoporous" metals supported by the framework of nanowires. This supercritical fluid deposition technique is an attractive approach for modifying nanowires because of its generality and simplicity; the modified nanowires could be useful as catalysts and for further fabrication of multifunctional composites. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 4 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1166/jnn.2004.042 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 809ON UT WOS:000220646100009 PM 15112546 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Egeland, GW Li, Y Jia, QX Gallegos, J Serquis, A Liao, XZ Peterson, DE Dye, RC Roop, BJ Hoffbauer, MA AF Zhu, YT Egeland, GW Li, Y Jia, QX Gallegos, J Serquis, A Liao, XZ Peterson, DE Dye, RC Roop, BJ Hoffbauer, MA TI Formation of pile networks by long carbon nanotubes from decomposition of CO on Co-Mo film SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; pile networks; catalytic chemical vapor deposition ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH; SINGLE; CATALYST AB We report the formation of pile networks by long carbon nanotubes grown at 700 degreesC from a Co-Mo film on a quartz plate. Carbon monoxide (CO) was used as the carbon source. The networks were formed because the density of catalyst particles on the substrate was low, which resulted in low carbon nanotube density that did not support vertical growth. At the same time, the low carbon nanotube density makes it possible for CO to reach the catalysts on the substrate for continuous growth. No obvious amorphous carbon chunks were observed, suggesting that the pile networks consisted of fairly high-quality, long carbon nanotubes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 4 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1166/jnn.2004.052 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 809ON UT WOS:000220646100028 PM 15112565 ER PT J AU Gunter, TE Miller, LM Gavin, CE Eliseev, R Salter, J Buntinas, L Alexandrov, A Hammond, S Gunter, KK AF Gunter, TE Miller, LM Gavin, CE Eliseev, R Salter, J Buntinas, L Alexandrov, A Hammond, S Gunter, KK TI Determination of the oxidation states of manganese in brain, liver, and heart mitochondria SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE manganese oxidation states; manganese toxicity; mitochondria; XANES spectroscopy ID RAY ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EDGE; PHOSPHORYLATION; MECHANISM AB Excess brain manganese can produce toxicity with symptoms that resemble those of Parkinsonism and causes that remain elusive. Manganese accumulates in mitochondria, a major source of superoxide, which can oxidize Mn2+ to the powerful oxidizing agent Mn3+. Oxidation of important cell components by Mn3+ has been suggested as a cause of the toxic effects of manganese. Determining the oxidation states of intramitochondrial manganese could help to identify the dominant mechanism of manganese toxicity. Using X-ray absorbance near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, we have characterized the oxidation state of manganese in mitochondria isolated from brain, liver, and heart over concentrations ranging from physiological to pathological. Results showed that (i) spectra from different model manganese complexes of the same oxidation state were similar to each other and different from those of other oxidation states and that the position of the absorption edge increases with oxidation state; (ii) spectra from intramitochondrial manganese in isolated brain, heart and liver mitochondria were virtually identical; and (iii) under these conditions intramitochondrial manganese exists primarily as a combination of Mn2+ complexes. No evidence for Mn3+ was detected in samples containing more than endogenous manganese levels, even after incubation under conditions promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. While the presence of Mn3+ complexes cannot be proven in the spectrum of endogenous mitochondrial manganese, the shape of this spectrum could suggest the presence of Mn3+ near the limit of detection, probably as MnSOD. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Gunter, TE (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biochem & Biophys, 575 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES10041] NR 61 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 88 IS 2 BP 266 EP 280 DI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02122.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 757FJ UT WOS:000187549800002 PM 14690515 ER PT J AU Gu, ZH Sandi, G Balbuena, PB AF Gu, ZH Sandi, G Balbuena, PB TI Molecular dynamics characterization of polymer confinement in nanocomposite catalytic membranes SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE polymer nano-composite; mica; molecular dynamics; confined polymer; catalytic membrane ID SIMULATIONS; ACID AB Molecular modeling is used to characterize the first stage of the synthesis of nano-composite polymeric catalytic membranes, where a polymer is confined inside a layered material such as clay. Specifically, we focus on understanding the effect of confinement on the structure and dynamics of the polymer. and the diffusion and interactions of the K+ cations present in the inorganic matrix with the polymer atoms. Classical molecular dynamics simulations are employed to study the structure and dynamics of poly-ethylene oxide (PEO) polymers inside of mica sheets with a gallery separation of 12.8 Angstrom, at various polymer densities. Selected ab initio calculations performed in a single PEO chain yield atomic charge distribution and vibrational spectrum; the latter is compared with vibrational spectra obtained from the time evolution of the confined system. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balbuena, PB (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM balbuena@engr.sc.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 809MT UT WOS:000220641500002 ER PT J AU Qian, MX Li, LY Li, H Strachan, DM AF Qian, MX Li, LY Li, H Strachan, DM TI Partitioning of gadolinium and its induced phase separation in sodium-aluminoborosilicate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ALUMINO-BOROSILICATE GLASSES; ALKALI-SILICATE GLASSES; STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS SILICA; OXIDE SYSTEMS; COOLING-RATE; RANGE ORDER; O-17 NMR AB Phase separation in sodium-aluminoborosilicate glasses was systematically studied as a function of Gd2O3 concentration with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) methods. Gadolinium-induced phase separation in the glasses can be consistently explained by proposing that Gd cations partition to the borate-rich environments and subsequent agglomeration of the Gd-borate moieties, or short-range ordered structural groups, in the glass. Agglomeration of the Gd-borate rich environments is further discussed within the context of excess metal oxides, [Na2O](ex) or [Al2O3](ex) = \Na2O-Al2O3\, and excess B2O3, [B2O3](ex), available for incorporating Gd cations. Results showed that agglomeration of the Gd-borate rich environments occurred at a much lower Gd2O3 concentration in the glass without [Na2O](ex) or [Al2O3](ex) and at a significantly higher Gd2O3 concentration in the glass with either [Na2O](ex) or [Al2O3](ex). Assuming 1BO(4): 1Gd:2BO(3) (based on literature-reported Gd-metaborate structure) as a local Gd-borate environment in glass, we introduced the saturation index of boron, SI[B] = Gd2O3/(1/3[B2O3](ex)) to examine the glass susceptibility to Gd-induced phase separation for all three alkali-aluminoborosilicate systems. While our results have provided some insight to the glass structure, they also provide insight to the mechanism by which the metal oxide is dissolved into the melt. This appears to occur predominately through boron complexation of the metal oxide. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), PPG Ind Inc, Glass Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 333 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.056 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 759FG UT WOS:000187727200001 ER PT J AU Pan, BC Biswas, R AF Pan, BC Biswas, R TI Simulation of hydrogen evolution from nano-crystalline silicon SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; SI; DILUTION; FILMS AB The temperature dependent H-evolution from nano-crystalline silicon is simulated with molecular dynamics. The nano-crystalline silicon model consists of a heterogeneous dispersion of nano-crystallites in an amorphous silicon matrix. An excess H-density occurs at the nano-crystallite surface. Simulations find a low temperature evolution peak at 250-400 degreesC, where the H-evolution occurs from the surface of the nano-crystallite. In addition there is a higher temperature peak at 700-800 degreesC. The two-peak feature agrees with H-evolution measurements of H-diluted a-Si:H grown near the phase boundary of crystalline growth. We find that H is released into mobile molecular and bond-centered like configurations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Pan, Bicai/A-1235-2010 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 333 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.058 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 759FG UT WOS:000187727200006 ER PT J AU Zagaris, A Kaper, HG Kaper, TJ AF Zagaris, A Kaper, HG Kaper, TJ TI Analysis of the computational singular perturbation reduction method for chemical kinetics SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemical kinetics; kinetic equations; dimension reduction; slow manifold; multiple time scales; computational singular perturbation method; CSP method; control theory; Michaelis-Menten-Henri equations ID GASEOUS-MIXTURES; STEADY-STATE; CSP; DYNAMICS; CHEMISTRY; MANIFOLDS AB This article is concerned with the asymptotic accuracy of the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) method developed by Lam and Goussis [The CSP method for simplifying kinetics, Int. J. Chem. Kin. 26 (1994) 461-486] to reduce the dimensionality of a system of chemical kinetics equations. The method, which is generally applicable to multiple-time scale problems arising in a broad array of scientific disciplines, exploits the presence of disparate time scales to model the dynamics by an evolution equation on a lower-dimensional slow manifold. In this article it is shown that the successive applications of the CSP algorithm generate, order by order, the asymptotic expansion of a slow manifold. The results are illustrated on the Michaelis-Menten-Henri equations of enzyme kinetics. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Biodynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaper, HG (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Div Math Sci, 4201 Wilson Blvd,Suite 1025, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM azagaris@math.bu.edu; hkaper@nsf.gov; tasso@math.bu.edu OI Zagaris, Antonios/0000-0001-6646-0390 NR 33 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8974 J9 J NONLINEAR SCI JI J. Nonlinear Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 59 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s00332-003-0582-9 PG 33 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 775EU UT WOS:000189028400003 ER PT J AU Yilmazbayhan, A Motta, AT Comstock, RJ Sabol, GP Lai, B Cai, ZH AF Yilmazbayhan, A Motta, AT Comstock, RJ Sabol, GP Lai, B Cai, ZH TI Structure of zirconium alloy oxides formed in pure water studied with synchrotron radiation and optical microscopy: relation to corrosion rate SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BREAKAWAY OXIDATION; AQUEOUS CORROSION; PHASE-ANALYSIS; IRRADIATION; ZIRCALOY-4; MECHANISM; STRESS; FILMS; TIN AB A detailed study was undertaken of oxides formed in 360 degreesC water on four Zr-based alloys (Zircaloy-4, ZIRLO(TM), (1) Zr-2.5%Nb and Zr-2.5%Nb-0.5%Cu) in an effort to relate oxide structure to corrosion performance. Micro-beam X-ray diffraction was used along with transmitted light optical microscopy to obtain information about the structure of these oxides as a function of distance from the oxide-metal interface. Optical microscopy revealed a layered oxide structure in which the average layer thickness was inversely proportional to the post-transition corrosion rate. The detailed diffraction studies showed an oxide that contained both tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2, with a higher fraction of tetragonal oxide near the oxide-metal interface, in a region roughly corresponding to one oxide layer. Evidence was seen also of a cyclic variation of the tetragonal and monoclinic oxide across the oxide thickness with a period of the layer thickness. The results also indicate that the final grain size of the tetragonal phase is smaller than that of the monoclinic phase and the monoclinic grain size is smaller in Zircaloy-4 and ZIRLO than in the other two alloys. These results are discussed in terms of a model of oxide growth based on the periodic breakdown and reconstitution of a protective layer. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Westinghouse Elect Corp, Ctr Sci & Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Motta, AT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM atm2@psu.edu NR 51 TC 133 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 324 IS 1 BP 6 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.038 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 763ER UT WOS:000188062400002 ER PT J AU Valone, SM Baskes, MI Stan, M Mitchell, TE Lawson, AC Sickafus, KE AF Valone, SM Baskes, MI Stan, M Mitchell, TE Lawson, AC Sickafus, KE TI Simulations of low energy cascades in fcc Pu metal at 300 K and constant volume SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-DIFFUSION; PLUTONIUM; DISPLACEMENT; DYNAMICS; SEMICONDUCTORS; IMPURITIES; DEFECTS; DAMAGE; ATOMS; ALLOY AB Recently progress has been achieved with a modified embedded atom method (MEAM) potential for pure Pu. The MEAM potential is able to capture the most salient features of atomic volume and enthalpy of solid and liquid Pu metal as a function of temperature at zero pressure. The atomic volume difference between monoclinic (alpha-phase) and fee (delta-phase) was captured nearly quantitatively. From molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we find that Pu, under these conditions, has an approximately 10 eV minimum displacement threshold energy, very low compared to most other fee metals, and shows less crystallographic anisotropy in this minimum. At 0 K, the constant volume cell relaxes to a rhombohedrally distorted structure, which is connected to the low minimum displacement threshold energy. Split interstitials orient themselves in a <100> direction and migrate over a 0.056 eV barrier. Mono-vacancies migrate over a 0.84-1.00 eV barrier. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smv@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 324 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.09.006 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 763ER UT WOS:000188062400005 ER PT J AU Gaiser, EE Brooks, MJ Kenney, WF Schelske, CL Taylor, BE AF Gaiser, EE Brooks, MJ Kenney, WF Schelske, CL Taylor, BE TI Interpreting the hydrological history of a temporary pond from chemical and microscopic characterization of siliceous microfossils SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogenic or amorphous silica; diatoms; paleolimnology; South Carolina; sponge spicules; temporary pond ID LATE QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTS; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; FRESH-WATER DIATOMS; LOWER TAIERI PLAIN; LAKE APOPKA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; QUANTITATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; PHYTOLITH ASSEMBLAGES; BIOGENIC SILICA; FLORIDA LAKES AB The hydrological history of a temporary pond in South Carolina was inferred from a 5500-year record of siliceous microfossils, including diatoms, freshwater sponge spicules, chrysophyte cysts, plates of testate amoebae and plant phytoliths. Microfossil abundance was estimated by microscopic quantification of siliceous particles and by chemical extractions of silica. Diatom, sponge and mineral particle volumes were correlated with silica concentrations attributable to these fractions. Both techniques suggested a sequence of four distinct community types. Basal sediments (4630 - 5520 C-14 YBP) containing phytoliths and sponge spicules indicative of a wetland community were covered by sediments dominated by the remains of planktonic protists (3750 - 4630 C-14 YBP) suggesting a transition from a vegetated marsh to an open-water, permanently flooded pond. Microfossil assemblages above this zone indicate the return of a wetland community ca. 3750 YBP that persisted until recently, when pond water levels stabilized as a result of seepage from a reservoir constructed nearby in 1985. This study suggests that the suite of siliceous microfossils commonly found in pond sediments can be used to infer historical alternations between macrophyte and plankton-dominated states in shallow basins. Regional climate inferences from this record include a mid-Holocene hydrological maximum and the onset of the modern climate ca. 3500 YBP. C1 Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ S Carolina, S Carolina Inst Archaeol & Anthropol, Savannah River Archaeol Res Program, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Land Use & Environm Change Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gaiser, EE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM gaisere@fiu.edu NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1023/B:JOPL.0000013280.72275.81 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 767CY UT WOS:000188423700006 ER PT J AU Golan, G Zharkov, DO Gilboa, R Feinberg, H Fernandes, AS Gerchman, SE Kycia, JH Grollman, AP Shoham, G AF Golan, G. Zharkov, D. O. Gilboa, R. Feinberg, H. Fernandes, A. S. Gerchman, S. E. Kycia, J. H. Grollman, A. P. Shoham, G. TI THE MODE OF ACTION OF ENDONUCLEASE-VIII AS REVEALED FROM ITS STRUCTURE WITH AND WITHOUT DNA SUBSTRATE SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Golan, G.; Gilboa, R.; Feinberg, H.; Shoham, G.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Zharkov, D. O.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Biol & Fundamental Med, Siberian Div, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Zharkov, D. O.; Fernandes, A. S.; Grollman, A. P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Biol Chem Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gerchman, S. E.; Kycia, J. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Zharkov, Dmitry/K-2158-2012 OI Zharkov, Dmitry/0000-0001-5013-0194 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PY 2004 VL 10 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V05MV UT WOS:000207131000018 ER PT J AU Golan, G Zharkov, DO Feinberg, H Fernandes, AS Gerchman, SE Kycia, JH Grollman, AP Shoham, G AF Golan, G. Zharkov, D. O. Feinberg, H. Fernandes, A. S. Gerchman, S. E. Kycia, J. H. Grollman, A. P. Shoham, G. TI STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE FOR SIGNIFICANT INTER-DOMAIN FLEXIBILITY OF THE DNA REPAIR ENZYME ENDONUCLEASE-VIII SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Golan, G.; Feinberg, H.; Shoham, G.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Zharkov, D. O.; Fernandes, A. S.; Grollman, A. P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Biol Chem Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gerchman, S. E.; Kycia, J. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Zharkov, Dmitry/K-2158-2012 OI Zharkov, Dmitry/0000-0001-5013-0194 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PY 2004 VL 10 SU S BP 245 EP 245 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V05MV UT WOS:000207131001369 ER PT J AU Golan, G Zharkov, DO Gilboa, R Fernandes, AS Gerchman, SE Kycia, JH Riege, RA Grollman, AP Shoham, G AF Golan, G. Zharkov, D. O. Gilboa, R. Fernandes, A. S. Gerchman, S. E. Kycia, J. H. Riege, R. A. Grollman, A. P. Shoham, G. TI MECHANISM OF BASE EXCISION DNA REPAIR AS REVEALED FROM THE STRUCTURE OF ENDONUCLEASE-VIII/DNA COVALENT INTERMEDIATE MECHANISM OF BASE EXCISION DNA REPAIR AS REVEALED FROM THE STRUCTURE OF ENDONUCLEASE-VIII/DNA COVALENT INTERMEDIATE SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Golan, G.; Gilboa, R.; Shoham, G.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Zharkov, D. O.; Fernandes, A. S.; Riege, R. A.; Grollman, A. P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gerchman, S. E.; Kycia, J. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Zharkov, Dmitry/K-2158-2012 OI Zharkov, Dmitry/0000-0001-5013-0194 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PY 2004 VL 10 SU S BP 245 EP 245 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V05MV UT WOS:000207131001370 ER PT J AU Teramo, KA Hiilesmaa, VK Schwartz, R Clemons, GK Widness, JA AF Teramo, KA Hiilesmaa, VK Schwartz, R Clemons, GK Widness, JA TI Amniotic fluid and cord plasma erythropoietin levels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension and chronic hypertension SO JOURNAL OF PERINATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE amniotic fluid; erythropoietin; maternal hypertension; perinatal complications ID RH-IMMUNIZED PREGNANCIES; HEART-RATE RECORDS; FETAL ERYTHROPOIETIN; SERUM-ERYTHROPOIETIN; NEONATAL MORBIDITY; BLOOD; ASPHYXIA; HYPOXIA; PASSAGE; LABOR AB Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare fetal and neonatal outcomes with amniotic fluid erythropoietin (EPO) levels obtained in the antepartum period in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension or chronic hypertension. Methods: Erythropoietin concentrations were measured in amniotic fluid within 2 days before delivery and in cord blood at birth in 75 hypertensive women and in 23 healthy controls delivered by cesarean section before labor contractions. Erythropoietin levels did not influence clinical decisions. Results: Amniotic fluid erythropoietin levels correlated highly significantly with cord plasma EPO levels and were significantly higher in pregnancies complicated by hypertension than in control pregnancies. Umbilical arterial pH, acid-base and blood gas values at birth were not different from controls. Both cord plasma and amniotic fluid erythropoietin levels correlated with cord blood pH, acid-base and blood gas values at birth in the study group. Newborn infants admitted to the newborn intensive care unit had significantly higher fetal erythropoietin levels and were more acidotic, hypoxemic and hypoglycemic than infants admitted to the normal care nursery. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that elevated amniotic fluid erythropoietin levels are markers of chronic or subchronic fetal hypoxia and are associated with neonatal morbidity in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. C1 Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland. Brown Univ, Dept Pediat, Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Teramo, KA (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, POB 140, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland. EM Kari.Teramo@huch.fi FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-46925] NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-5577 J9 J PERINAT MED JI J. Perinat. Med. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1515/JPM.2004.045 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 825LK UT WOS:000221759800008 PM 15188798 ER PT J AU Billmeier, AEM AF Billmeier, AEM CA STAR Collaboration TI Strange and multi-strange particle ratios in p+p reactions at root s=200 GeV at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC AB Mid-rapidity anti-particle to particle ratios for strange and multi-strange baryons in inelastic p+p collisions at roots = 200 GeV have been determined using the STAR detector. The observed ratios are similar to those in heavy-ion collisions at the same energy and significantly higher than at SPS energies, indicating substantial pair production but not yet a baryon-free system. An increase with the strangeness content in the progression of the ratios is present in the data as well as in various model calculations. Though most string fragmentation models overpredict the measured ratios for multi-strange baryons at SPS, the discrepancies decrease at higher energies. At RHIC energies, data and model calculations are in good agreement. C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM anja.billmeier@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S363 EP S368 AR PII S0954-3899(04)63860-6 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/043 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400045 ER PT J AU Castillo, J AF Castillo, J CA STAR Collaboration TI Probing thermal freeze-out conditions via multi-strange baryons in Au plus Au collisions at root(NN)-N-s=130 GeV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC AB We report preliminary STAR results on multi-strange baryon transverse momentum distributions from Au+Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV No apparent increase of the average transverse momentum for Xi baryons is observed over the measured centrality range. In addition, for the most central collisions the spectra indicate that these multi-strange particles are emitted from a thermalized system and experience a significant transverse flow effect but that the system is hotter and the flow is smaller than that encountered by the pi, K, p and Lambda. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JECastillo@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S181 EP S186 AR PII S0954-3899(04)64201-0 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/018 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400020 ER PT J AU Fachini, P AF Fachini, P CA STAR Collaboration TI rho(770)(0) and f(0)(980) production in Au+Au and pp collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA ID VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; GEV-C; DECAYS; MATTER; LIGHT AB Preliminary results on rho(770)(0) and f(0)(980) production at mid-rapidity using the mixed-event technique are presented. The rho(0) and f(0) measurements via their hadronic decay channel in minimum bias pp and peripheral Au+Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 200 GeV were performed using the STAR detector at RHIC. This is the first direct measurement of rho(0)(770) --> pi(+)pi(-) and f(0)(980) --> pi(+)pi(-) heavy-ion collisions. The rho(0) mass is transverse momentum dependent and significantly shifted in minimum bias pp and peripheral Au+Au interactions. The modifications of masses, widths and line shapes of short-lived resonances due to phase space and dynamical effects are discussed. The rho(0)/pi(-) and the f(0)/pi(-) ratios are compared to measurements in pp and e(+)e(-) interactions at various energies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fachini, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pfachini@bnl.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S565 EP S570 AR PII S0954-3899(04)64184-3 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/069 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400071 ER PT J AU Fries, RJ Muller, B Nonaka, C Bass, SA AF Fries, RJ Muller, B Nonaka, C Bass, SA TI Hadronization in heavy-ion collisions: recombination or fragmentation? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC ID QUARK-ANTIQUARK RECOMBINATION; PARTON ENERGY-LOSS; COALESCENCE; REGION; MODEL; SCATTERING; NUCLEI AB We show that hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at transverse momenta larger than 2 GeV/c can be explained by the competition of two different hadronization mechanisms. Above 5 GeV/c hadron production can be described by fragmentation of partons that are created perturbatively. Below 5 GeV/c recombination of partons from the dense and hot fireball dominates. This can explain some of the surprising features of RHIC data such as the constant baryon-to-meson ratio of about one and the small nuclear suppression for baryons between 2 to 4 GeV/c. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Duke Univ, Dept Phys, POB 90305, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM rjfries@phy.duke.edu OI Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S223 EP S228 AR PII S0954-3899(04)64195-8 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/025 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400027 ER PT J AU Jeon, SY AF Jeon, SY TI Correlations and fluctuations in heavy ion collisions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA ID SIGNAL; CHARGE; QCD AB We argue that fluctuations in heavy ion collisions can provide physical insights for the changes in the correlation functions as the system goes through dramatic changes such as phase transition. We also show how to correct for overall charge conservation effect in charge fluctuation measurements. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jeon, SY (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S257 EP S261 AR PII S0954-3899(04)63579-1 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/030 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400032 ER PT J AU Koch, V AF Koch, V TI Strangeness at SIS energies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR-EQUATION; KAON PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL EQUILIBRATION; ANTIKAON PRODUCTION; AU+AU COLLISIONS; K+ MESONS; MATTER; STATE; DYNAMICS AB In this contribution, we discuss the physics of strange hadrons in low energy (similar or equal to1-2 A GeV) heavy ion collision. In this energy range the relevant strange particles are the kaons and anti-kaons. The most interesting aspect concerning these particles are the so-called in-medium modifications. We will attempt to review the current status of understanding of these in-medium modifications. In addition we will briefly discuss other issues related with kaon production, such as the nuclear equation of state and chemical equilibrium. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S41 EP S50 AR PII S0954-3899(04)64681-0 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/003 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400005 ER PT J AU Lee, JH AF Lee, JH CA BRAHMIS Collaboration TI Rapidity dependent strangeness measurements in BRAHMS experiment at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA ID COLLISIONS; MODEL; AU+AU; GEV/C AB Particle production of charged kaons in central Au+Au collisions at rootS(NN)=200 GeV has been studied as a function of rapidity by the BRAHMS collaboration at RHIC. The kaon spectral shapes are described well by an exponential in transverse mass for the rapidity range of 0 less than or equal to y(K) less than or equal to 3.3 with smoothly decreasing inverse slopes as the rapidity increases. For the charged kaon to pion ratios, while there is no significant rapidity dependence for the K+/pi(+) ratio, the K-/pi(-) ratio shows a significant decrease from y approximate to 1 towards higher rapidities. The systematics of K-/K+ and (p) over bar /p ratios in the measured rapidity range demonstrates a strongly correlated behaviour which can be described by thermal-statistical models. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; OI Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Christiansen, Peter/0000-0001-7066-3473; Gaardhoje, Jens-Jorgen/0000-0001-6122-4698 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S85 EP S92 AR PII S0954-3899(04)65074-2 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/007 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400009 ER PT J AU Nonaka, C Asakawa, M Bass, SA AF Nonaka, C Asakawa, M Bass, SA TI Charge fluctuation observables at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC ID COLLISIONS AB We discuss net charge event-by-event fluctuations in microscopic transport models with emphasis on hadronization schemes and rescattering effects. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM nonaka@phy.duke.edu; yuki@ruby.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; bass@phy.duke.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S243 EP S249 AR PII S0954-3899(04)65063-8 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/028 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400030 ER PT J AU Oppedisano, C AF Oppedisano, C CA NA60 Collaboration TI First results and future perspectives of the NA60 experiment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA ID CERN-SPS; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; COLLISIONS AB The NA60 experiment at the CERN SPS studies the production of open charm and prompt dimuons in collisions induced by proton and heavy ion beams on nuclear targets. The experimental setup includes a silicon vertex telescope, placed inside a dipole magnetic field, to match charged particle tracks with the muon tracks measured by a muon spectrometer. In p-A collisions the vertex telescope is mostly made of silicon microstrip planes, whereas in A-A interactions the higher multiplicity imposes the use of high granularity silicon pixel detectors. The high interaction rate required for the study of rare processes imposes the use of radiation tolerant pixel detectors. NA60 took its first data in the year 2002, with 400 GeV protons and with Pb ions of 20 and 30 GeV per nucleon. The proton data have been used for the study of dimuon production, while the heavy ion data were devoted to the commissioning of the pixel detectors and to the study of charged particle pseudorapidity densities. After an overview of the detector concept, this paper presents the first results obtained with the 2002 data. C1 Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, Clermont Ferrand, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Clermont Ferrand, France. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, LLR, Palaiseau, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Lyon 1, IPN, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lyon, France. Univ Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cagliari, Italy. Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. SUNY Stony Brook, New York, NY USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, YerPhI, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Oppedisano, C (reprint author), Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. EM Chiara.Oppedisano@to.infn.it RI Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013; Lozano Bahilo, Julio/F-4881-2016; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/D-4314-2011; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015 OI Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Floris, Michele/0000-0003-0635-788X; Lozano Bahilo, Julio/0000-0003-0613-140X; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Scomparin, Enrico/0000-0001-9015-9610; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S507 EP S512 AR PII S0954-3899(04)63575-4 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/060 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400062 ER PT J AU Petreczky, P AF Petreczky, P TI Lattice calculations of meson correlators and spectral functions at finite temperature SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC ID THERMAL DILEPTON RATES; HOT QCD; PLASMA; DECONFINEMENT; TRANSITION; QUARKS AB I review recent progress in relating meson spectral function to imaginary time correlation function at finite temperature calculated on isotropic as well as on anisotropic lattices. Special attention is paid for the lattice artefacts present in calculation of meson spectral functions. Results in the case of light quarks as well as heavy quarks are reviewed, which indicate in particular that even in the chiral limit meson spectral functions have non-trivial structure and the ground-state quarkonia survive up to temperature 1.5T(c). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM petreczk@bnl.gov NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S431 EP S440 AR PII S0954-3899(04)63682-6 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/051 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400053 ER PT J AU Retiere, F AF Retiere, F TI Spacetime analysis of reaction at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC ID TRANSVERSE MASS; COLLISIONS AB Spacetime information about the Au-Au collisions produced at RHIC are key tools for understanding the evolution of the system and especially assessing the presence of collective behaviours. Using parametrization of the system's final state relying on collective expansion, we show that pion source radii can be tied together with transverse mass spectra and elliptic flow within the same framework. The consistency between these different measures provides a solid ground to understand the characteristics of collective flow and especially the possible peculiar behaviour of particles such as Xi, Omega or phi. The validity of the short time scales that are extracted from fits to the pion source size is also addressed. The wealth of new data that will soon be available from Au-Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 200 GeV, will provide a stringent test of the spacetime analysis framework developed in these proceedings. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fgretiere@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S335 EP S343 AR PII S0954-3899(04)64182-X DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/039 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400041 ER PT J AU Soff, S AF Soff, S TI News on strangeness at ultrarelativistic energies - review of microscopic models SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON MATTER; PLUS AU REACTIONS; ANTIBARYON-PRODUCTION; EXCITATION-FUNCTION; DYNAMICS; ENHANCEMENT; YIELDS; K+ AB We review recent developments in the field of microscopic transport model calculations for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. In particular, we focus on the strangeness production, for example, the phi-meson and its role as a messenger of the early phase of the system evolution. Moreover, we discuss the important effects of the (soft) field properties on the multiparticle system. We outline some current problems of the models as well as possible solutions to them. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div 70 319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div 70 319, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssoff@nta0.lbl.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S139 EP S150 AR PII S0954-3899(04)65065-1 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/013 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400015 ER PT J AU Velkovska, J AF Velkovska, J TI How 'strange' is high-p(perpendicular to) physics at RHIC? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC ID JET CROSS-SECTION; LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; BARYON NUMBER; ELLIPTIC FLOW; COLLISIONS; COLLIDER; DEPENDENCE; PREDICTIONS; HADRONS; ENERGY AB A review of experimental results obtained during the first two RHIC runs is presented. The discoveries of suppression of high-p(perpendicular to) (p(perpendicular to) greater than or equal to 2 GeV/c) hadrons and the vanishing back-to-back angular correlations in central Au+Au events, both predicted by theory, suggest that high-density matter has been formed in the collisions consistent with a 'jet-quenching' scenario. However, the detailed study of particle composition, species-dependent scaling behaviour and elliptic flow patterns present a challenge to the theory. An intermediate p(perpendicular to) region, 2 less than or equal to p(perpendicular to) less than or equal to 4 GeV/c with characteristic baryon dynamics emerges from the data. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Blgd 510 C, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S151 EP S160 AR PII S0954-3899(04)65061-4 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/014 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400016 ER PT J AU Witt, R AF Witt, R CA STAR Collaboration TI Strange particle spectra from root s=200 GeV p+p collisions in STAR at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA ID TPC; ENERGY AB Production of strange hadrons in high energy p+p collisions provides baseline information to which results from A+A collisions may be compared in the search for possible signatures of a deconfined state. However, p+p collisions also demonstrate some surprising effects of their own and should be investigated for the insight they may provide. We present mid-rapidity transverse mass spectra and for K-S(0), Lambda and Xi produced in p+p collisions measured by the STAR collaboration at RHIC. Comparisons will be made with available model calculations as well as lower energy results and Au+Au results from the same detector. C1 Univ Bern, LHEP, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Witt, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM witt@bnl.gov RI Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S205 EP S210 AR PII S0954-3899(04)63868-0 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/022 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400024 ER PT J AU Xu, ZB AF Xu, ZB TI Resonances at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NC ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; HADRON-PRODUCTION; FREEZE-OUT; MODEL; PP AB In this report, we discuss the measurement of the hadronic decay modes of resonances in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, emphasizing on RHIC results. The study of resonances can provide: (1) the yield and spectra of more particles with different properties to study whether the system is in thermal equilibrium; (2) an independent probe of the time evolution of the source from chemical to kinetic freeze-out and detailed information on hadronic interaction at later stage; (3) the study of medium effects at a late stage of the collisions; (4) a measurement of flavour and baryon/meson dependence of particle production at intermediate p(T) (> 2 GeV/c). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xzb@bnl.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S325 EP S333 AR PII S0954-3899(04)65058-4 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/038 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400040 ER PT J AU Zschiesche, D Zeeb, G Paech, K Schramm, S Stocker, H AF Zschiesche, D Zeeb, G Paech, K Schramm, S Stocker, H TI Particle ratios from AGS to RHIC in an interacting hadronic model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY MAR 12-17, 2003 CL ATLANTIC BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; STRANGENESS; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA; MATTER; PLASMA AB The measured particle ratios in central heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-BNL are investigated within a chemical and thermal equilibrium chiral SU(3) sigma-omega approach. The commonly adopted non-interacting gas calculations yield temperatures close to or above the critical temperature for the chiral phase transition, but without taking into account any interactions. In contrast, the chiral SU(3) model predicts temperature and density dependent effective hadron masses and effective chemical potentials in the medium and a transition to a chirally restored phase at high temperatures or chemical potentials. Three different parametrizations of the model, which show different types of phase transition behaviour, are investigated. We show that if a chiral phase transition occured in those collisions, 'freezing' of the relative hadron abundances in the symmetric phase is excluded by the data. Therefore, either very rapid chemical equilibration must occur in the broken phase, or the measured hadron ratios are the outcome of the dynamical symmetry breaking. Furthermore, the extracted chemical freeze-out parameters differ considerably from those obtained in simple non-interacting gas calculations. In particular, the three models yield up to 35 MeV lower temperatures than the free gas approximation. The in-medium masses turn out to differ up to 150 MeV from their vacuum values. C1 Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Nantes, Ecole Mines Nantes, IN2P3, CNRS,Lab Phys Subatom & Technol Associees, F-44072 Nantes 03, France. RP Zschiesche, D (reprint author), Inst Theoret Phys, Robert Mayer Str 8-10, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP S381 EP S391 AR PII S0954-3899(04)64202-2 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/046 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400048 ER PT J AU Bass, SA Muller, B Stephans, GSF Urich, T AF Bass, SA Muller, B Stephans, GSF Urich, T TI The 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bass, SA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769UD UT WOS:000188667400001 ER PT J AU Nobrega, MA Pennacchio, LA AF Nobrega, MA Pennacchio, LA TI Comparative genomic analysis as a tool for biological discovery SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON LA English DT Review ID CONSERVED NONCODING SEQUENCES; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; COORDINATE REGULATOR; FUGU-RUBRIPES; BINDING-SITE; MOUSE GENOME; GENE; EVOLUTION; MICE AB The recent completion of the human genome sequence has enabled the identification of a large fraction of our gene catalogue and their physical chromosomal position. However, current efforts lag at defining the cis-regulatory sequences that control the spatial and temporal patterns of each gene's expression. This task remains difficult due to our lack of knowledge of the vocabulary controlling gene regulation and the vast genomic search space, with greater than 95% of our genome being noncoding. Recent comparative genomic-based strategies are beginning to aid in the identification of functional sequences based on their high levels of evolutionary conservation. This has proven successful for comparisons between closely related species such as human-primate or human-mouse, but also holds true for distant evolutionary comparisons, such as human-fish or human-bird. In this review we provide support for the utility of cross-species sequence comparisons by illustrating several applications of this strategy, including the identification of new genes and functional non-coding sequences. We also discuss emerging concepts as this field matures, such as how to properly select which species for comparison, which may differ significantly between independent studies. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lapennacchio@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL66681, R01 HL071954, HL071954A, U01 HL066681] NR 37 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3751 EI 1469-7793 J9 J PHYSIOL-LONDON JI J. Physiol.-London PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 554 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.050948 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 770XN UT WOS:000188756800006 PM 14678488 ER PT J AU Ho, CK AF Ho, CK TI Asperity-induced episodic percolation in channels and fractures SO JOURNAL OF POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article ID ROCK FRACTURES; SUPERHEATED ROCK; FLOW; INFILTRATION; SEEPAGE; LIQUID AB An analytical model has been developed to describe the initiation of episodic percolation in a variable-aperture fracture or channel. The model describes two primary processes: (1) the accumulation of water above a capillary barrier that is induced by variations in aperture sizes and (2) the subsequent drainage of the accumulated water once the capillary rise height has been exceeded. The transient head and velocity terms are derived for the intermittent flow processes. An episodicity factor, e, is also derived that represents the fraction of time in which flow actually drains through the fracture or channel for a specified infiltration boundary condition. A stochastic Monte Carlo analysis is performed using uncertainty distributions for the model input parameters to simulate the capillary rise height, volume of accumulated water, average episodic flow rate, drainage time, episodicity factor, and ratio of episodic flow rate to a steady infiltration rate. The simulated drainage events, while generally short in duration, are large in magnitude relative to the infiltration boundary condition. The distributions of simulated results spanned several orders of magnitude due to the uncertainty in the input parameters, and sensitivity analyses using stepwise linear regression are performed to identify the input parameters that are most important in propagating the uncertainty in the simulated results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-028X J9 J POROUS MEDIA JI J. Porous Media PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1615/JPorMedia.v7.i3.10 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 856GV UT WOS:000224034600001 ER PT J AU Hafenrichter, TJ Murphy, JJ Krier, H AF Hafenrichter, TJ Murphy, JJ Krier, H TI Ultrasonic measurement of the pressure-coupled response function for composite solid propellants SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID T-BURNER AB Transient phenomena associated with solid-propellant combustion are examined by means of an oscillatory burner designed to create pressure oscillations through the use of a rotary nozzle. The oscillatory burner is designed to operate at pressures up to 20.7 MPa (3000 psi), with the target operating pressure achieved through prepressurization with an inert gas (helium) and manipulation of constant and variable-area nozzle diameters. A spherically focused 1-MHz ultrasound transducer is pulsed at 2.5 kHz through the bottom of the propellant to obtain the thickness-time profile of the propellant, which is then converted to a burning rate by taking the time derivative. Two piezoelectric pressure transducers simultaneously record the pressure-time history of each experiment. The burning rate and pressure are then used to calculate the pressure-coupled response of each test. The experiments presented here were motivated by three primary goals. The first was to investigate the effect of propellant composition on the response function. The second was to evaluate effect of mean pressure on the response of propellants, and the third was to investigate the response of a propellant within a plateau region. These experiments targeted mean pressures of 2.0, 5.0, and 12.5 MPa at frequencies ranging from 20-200 Hz. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hafenrichter, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1452, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.2514/1.9237 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 766MJ UT WOS:000188379900010 ER PT J AU Ali, AN Son, SF Hiskey, MA Nau, DL AF Ali, AN Son, SF Hiskey, MA Nau, DL TI Novel high nitrogen propellant use in solid fuel micropropulsion SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The use of two novel materials, 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-s-tetrazine (BTATz) and mixed N-oxides of 3,3'-azo-bis(6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) (DAATO3.5, where the 3.5 indicates the average oxide content), as solid fuels in micropropulsion systems is investigated. These materials were selected due to their ease of ignition, relatively good safety characteristics, long-term storage capability, low combustion temperature, noncorrosive combustion products, and reasonable projected material cost. Material safety data including impact, friction, differential scanning calorimetry, and electrostatic sensitivity are reported and compared to the previously implemented micropropulsion fuels, lead styphnate, glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dioxide. Burn rate data are also reported for both materials. Whereas BTATz and DAATO3.5 have very high burn rates, DAATO3.5 is believed to have the highest burn rate of any known stable organic solid. Additionally, DAATO3.5 has a very desirable pressure exponent of 0.28. Test stand results using a quartz microthruster are reported for these materials. Estimated chamber pressures reached 18 atm with peak thrust levels around 0.1 N. Measured specific impulses of approximately 14% of the theoretical specific impulse (218 s for BTATz and 228 s for DAATO3.5) were obtained. This level of inefficiency is believed to be acceptable for micropropulsion systems and is comparable to other, independent work. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ali, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C 920, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM son@lanl.gov OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 22 TC 61 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.2514/1.9238 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 766MJ UT WOS:000188379900011 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JM Mottaz, HM Yu, LR Anderson, DJ Moore, RJ Chen, WNU Auberry, KJ Strittmatter, EF Monroe, ME Thrall, BD Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Jacobs, JM Mottaz, HM Yu, LR Anderson, DJ Moore, RJ Chen, WNU Auberry, KJ Strittmatter, EF Monroe, ME Thrall, BD Camp, DG Smith, RD TI Multidimensional proteome analysis of human mammary epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human; HMEC; multidimensional; liquid chromatography; proteome; global; size exclusion ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENOME SEQUENCE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; YEAST PROTEOME; PROTEINS; STRATEGY; RICE; TAGS AB Recent multidimensional liquid chromatography MS/MS studies have contributed to the identification of large numbers of expressed proteins for numerous species. The present study couples size exclusion chromatography of intact proteins with the separation of tryptically digested peptides using a combination of strong cation exchange and high resolution, reversed phase capillary chromatography to identify proteins extracted from human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). In addition to conventional conservative criteria for protein identifications, the confidence levels were additionally increased through the use of peptide normalized elution times (NET) for the liquid chromatographic separation step. The combined approach resulted in a total of 5838 unique peptides identified covering 1574 different proteins with an estimated 4% gene coverage of the human genome, as annotated by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This database provides a baseline for comparison against variations in other genetically and environmentally perturbed systems. Proteins identified were categorized based upon intracellular location and biological process with the identification of numerous receptors, regulatory proteins, and extracellular proteins, demonstrating the usefulness of this application in the global analysis of human cells for future comparative studies. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86340] NR 31 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1021/pr034062a PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 775CE UT WOS:000189022500007 PM 14998165 ER PT J AU Csanak, G Daughton, W AF Csanak, G Daughton, W TI The application of the single-channel random phase approximation to radiative properties of dense He and Li plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE atoms in dense plasmas; radiative properties; random phase approximation ID FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LINEAR RESPONSE; AVERAGE-ATOM; PHOTOABSORPTION; HOT; MATTER; TEMPERATURE; OPACITY; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB We performed single-channel, single-component random phase approximation calculations for dense He and Li plasmas for an electron temperature of kT = 10 eV. Results are presented for excitation energies and oscillator strengths for the (1,2)s-np (n=2-5) transitions using both the ion-sphere and ion-correlation (IC) models. Our results indicate that ion correlations are not a significant effect for these systems and conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Csanak, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM georgec@lanl.gov RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 83 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 AR PII S0022-4073(02)00295-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00295-9 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 725RK UT WOS:000185556000005 ER PT J AU Laue, CA Gates-Anderson, D Fitch, TE AF Laue, CA Gates-Anderson, D Fitch, TE TI Dissolution of metallic uranium and its alloys - Part II: Screening study results: Identification of an effective non-thermal uranium dissolution method SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review AB Screening experiments were performed to evaluate reagent systems that deactivate pyrophoric, metallic depleted uranium waste streams at ambient temperature. The results presented led to the selection of two systems, which would be investigated further, for the design of the LLNL onsite treatment process of metallic depleted uranium wastes. The two feasible systems are: (a) 7.5 mol/l H2SO4 - 1 mol/l HNO3 and (b) 3 mol/l HCl - 1 mol/l H3PO4. The sulfuric acid system dissolves uranium metal completely, while the hydrochloric-phosphoric acid system converts the metal completely into a solid, which might be suitable for direct disposal. Both systems combine oxidation of metallic uranium with complexation of the uranium ions formed to effectively deactivate uranium's pyrophoricity at ambient temperature. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMS Environm Serv, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Radioact & Hazardous Waste Management Serv, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Laue, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMS Environm Serv, 5000 East Ave,L Code 786, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lauel@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 262 IS 2 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000046790.80269.8f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 867QR UT WOS:000224857800034 ER PT J AU Hassan, NM Adu-Wusu, K Marra, JC AF Hassan, NM Adu-Wusu, K Marra, JC TI Resorcinol-formaldehyde adsorption of cesium from Hanford waste solutions - Part I. Batch equilibrium study SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; METAL-IONS; ABSORPTION; REMOVAL AB Batch equilibrium measurements were conducted at 25 +/- 2 degreesC with a granular resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin to determine the distribution coefficients (K-d) for cesium. In the tests, Hanford Site actual waste sample containing radioactive cesium (Cs-137) and a pretreated waste sample that was spiked with non-radioactive Cs-133 were used. Initial concentrations of non-radioactive cesium in the waste sample were varied to generate an equilibrium isotherm for cesium. Majority of the tests were conducted at 25 +/- 2 degreesC using a liquid to solid phase ratio of similar to100 ml/g and at a contact time of 72 hours. Two additional tests were conducted at a liquid to solid phase ratio of 10 and at contact time of 120 hours. The measured distribution coefficient (K-d) for radioactive cesium (Cs-137) was 948 ml/g, the K-d for non-radioactive Cesium (Cs-133) was 1039 ml/g. The K-d for nonradioactive cesium decreased from 1039 to 691 ml/g with increased initial cesium concentration from similar to8 to 64 mug/ml. Very little change of the K-d was observed at initial cesium concentration above 64 mug/ml. The maximum sorption capacity for cesium on granular RE resin was 1.17 mmole/g dry resin. This value was calculated from the fit of the equilibrium isotherm data to the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation. Previously, a total capacity of 2.84 mmole/g was calculated by Bibler and Wallace for air-dried RE resin. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hassan, NM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM neguib.hassan@srs.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 262 IS 3 BP 579 EP 586 DI 10.1007/s10967-004-0479-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 877UN UT WOS:000225598900007 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Two predominance-region diagrams for plutonium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WORK AB Two predominance-region diagrams for plutonium are illustrated. One diagram plots the pH vs. the equilibrium fraction of hexavalent plutonium. The other diagram plots the equilibrium fraction of tetravalent plutonium vs. the plutonium oxidation number. Both diagrams define the boundaries of the regions where tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexavalent plutonium are the predominant species. In each diagram, the two principal triple points are located at the intersections of three predominance-region boundary lines. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 262 IS 3 BP 629 EP 632 DI 10.1007/s10967-004-0485-8 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 877UN UT WOS:000225598900013 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Acid dependence of the Pu(V) disproportionation reaction SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLUTONIUM DISPROPORTIONATION; EQUATIONS; CHEMISTRY AB The disproportionation of pentavalent plutonium is traditionally represented by two inconsistent equations. The inconsistency puts the widely-accepted, fourth-power hydrogen-ion dependence of the reaction into question. The balanced reaction equation suggests that both the stoichiometry and the acid-dependence of Pu(V) disproportionation depend on the pH of the plutonium solution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 262 IS 3 BP 779 EP 781 DI 10.1007/s10967-004-0510-y PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 877UN UT WOS:000225598900038 ER PT J AU Dewberry, RA AF Dewberry, RA TI Calculation of Np-237 and Am-241 detector calibration constants from first principles SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The Analytical Development Section of Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) was requested by the Facilities Disposition Projects (FDP) to determine the holdup of enriched uranium in the 321-M facility as part of an overall deactivation project of the facility. The 321-M facility was used to fabricate enriched uranium fuel assemblies, lithium-aluminum target tubes, neptunium assemblies, and miscellaneous components for the production reactors. The results of the holdup assays are essential for determining compliance with the Waste Acceptance Criteria, Material Control & Accountability, and to meet criticality safety controls. This report covers calibration of the detectors in order to support holdup measurements in the C and D out-gassing ovens. These ovens were used to remove gas entrained in billet assembly material prior to the billets being extruded into rods by the extrusion press. A portable high purity germanium detection system was used to determine highly enriched uranium (HEU) holdup and to determine holdup of U-235, Np-237, and Am-241 that were observed in these components. The detector system was run by an EG&G Dart(TM) system that contains the high voltage power supply and signal processing electronics. A personal computer with Gamma-Vision software was used to control the Dart(TM) MCA and provide space to store and manipulate multiple 4096-channel gamma-ray spectra. The measured Np-237 and Am-241 contents were especially important in these components because their presence is unusual and unexpected in 321-M. It was important to obtain a measured value of these two components to disposition the out-gassing ovens and to determine whether a separate waste stream was necessary for release of these contaminated components to the E-Area Solid Waste Vault. This report presents determination of the calibration constants from first principles for determination of Am-241 and Np-237 using this detection system and compares the values obtained for Np-237 with the calibration factors obtained with a subsequent measurement using a point source of radioactive equilibrium Np-237/Pa-233. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Analyt Dev Sect, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Dewberry, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Analyt Dev Sect, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 262 IS 3 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1007/s10967-004-0511-x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 877UN UT WOS:000225598900039 ER PT J AU Leecaster, MK Dahlgran, JR AF Leecaster, MK Dahlgran, JR TI Statistical analysis of measured actinide concentration bias in a mixed analyte performance evaluation program SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Data from seven Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program studies have been used to identify specific problems with results and/or laboratories. These data have never been used to determine the bias or variability in data reporting for these laboratories in general. These historical analytical data were analyzed for accuracy and precision overall and separated by method of sample preparation, method of sample pretreatment, method of detection and sample size. The calculated mean percent relative bias was analyzed for the actinides (Am-241, Pu-238, Pu-239/240, U-234/233, and U-238) in the soil and water standards. Results from most analysis methods were at least slightly negatively biased. For the water standards, the overall 95% confidence interval for the mean percent relative bias was -1.6% to -0.5% indicating that the average actinide results slightly underestimated the true concentration. For the soil standards, the overall 95% confidence interval for the mean percent relative bias was -8.1% to -6.6% indicating that the average actinide results moderately underestimated the true concentration. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US DOE, Radiol & Environm Sci Lab, Idaho Operat Off, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. RP Leecaster, MK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM leecmk@inel.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 261 IS 3 BP 577 EP 586 DI 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000037098.43990.81 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843XA UT WOS:000223119100011 ER PT J AU Maya, L Gonzalez, BD Lance, MJ Holcomb, DE AF Maya, L Gonzalez, BD Lance, MJ Holcomb, DE TI Electrodeposition of uranium dioxide films SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Uranium dioxide films in a hydrated form are electrodeposited unto nickel plates starting with a uranyl nitrate solution in ammonium sulfate. The process is incidental to water splitting which is the dominant electrochemical pathway and as a consequence, the uranium deposition is highly dependent on experimental parameters that require close control such as the pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte as well as current density, and the cell design. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Operat Safety Serv Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maya, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008-6119, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mayal@ornl.gov RI Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016; OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452; Holcomb, David/0000-0001-8263-4661 NR 5 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 261 IS 3 BP 605 EP 607 DI 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000037102.88633.2b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843XA UT WOS:000223119100015 ER PT J AU Laue, CA Gates-Anderson, D Fitch, TE AF Laue, CA Gates-Anderson, D Fitch, TE TI Dissolution of metallic uranium and its alloys - Part 1. Review of analytical and process-scale metallic uranium dissolution SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID KINETICS AB This review focuses on dissolution/reaction systems capable of treating uranium metal waste to remove its pyrophoric properties. The primary emphasis is the review of literature describing analytical and production-scale dissolution methods applied to either uranium metal or uranium alloys. A brief summary of uranium's corrosion behavior is included since the corrosion resistance of metals and alloys affects their dissolution behavior. Based on this review, dissolution systems were recommended for subsequent screening studies designed to identify the best system to treat depleted uranium metal wastes at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMS Environm Serv, Livermore, CA 95450 USA. RP Laue, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMS Environm Serv, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 95450 USA. EM laue1@llnl.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 261 IS 3 BP 709 EP 717 DI 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000037117.01721.f1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843XA UT WOS:000223119100030 ER PT J AU Tsibakhashvili, NY Mosulishvili, LM Kalabegishvili, TL Kirkesali, EI Frontasyeva, MV Pomyakushina, EV Pavlov, SS Holman, HYN AF Tsibakhashvili, NY Mosulishvili, LM Kalabegishvili, TL Kirkesali, EI Frontasyeva, MV Pomyakushina, EV Pavlov, SS Holman, HYN TI ENAA studies of chromium uptake by Arthrobacter oxydans SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY EPR; REDUCTION; SURFACES; CR(VI); CELL AB To study chromium uptake by Arthrobacter oxydans [Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria isolated from Columbia basalt rocks, USA] the instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) was applied. It was established that chromate accumulation is dose-dependent and it is most intensive in the interval of Cr(VI) concentrations (10-50 mg/l). At lower concentrations of Cr(VI) (up to 50 mg/l) the most intensive formation of Cr(V) was found using ESR method. Besides, it was established that reduction from Cr(VI) to Cr(V) is a faster process than the uptake of Cr(VI). According to ENAA measurements, in contrast to Cr(VI), Cr(III) is not accumulated in Arthrobacter oxydans cells up to concentrations of 200 mg/l. Using epithermal neutron activation analysis the background levels of 17 major, minor and trace elements were determined in Arthrobacter oxydans. C1 Georgian Acad Sci, E Andronikashvili Inst Phys, GE-0177 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsibakhashvili, NY (reprint author), Georgian Acad Sci, E Andronikashvili Inst Phys, GE-0177 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. EM ntsiba@gol.ge RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2004 VL 259 IS 3 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000020931.85014.42 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 805XU UT WOS:000220399800031 ER PT J AU Deutsch, M Forster, E Holzer, G Hartwig, J Hamalainen, K Kao, CC Huotari, S Diamant, R AF Deutsch, M Forster, E Holzer, G Hartwig, J Hamalainen, K Kao, CC Huotari, S Diamant, R TI X-ray spectrometry of copper: New results on an old subject SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Accuracy in Powder Diffraction CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL NIST, Gaithersburg, MD HO NIST DE copper; hypersatellites; multielectronic transitions; satellites; x-ray spectra ID INNER-SHELL IONIZATION; CU K-ALPHA; DOUBLE-CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; MEDIUM-Z ELEMENTS; HOLLOW ATOMS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; VACANCY PRODUCTION; EMISSION SPECTRA; HYPERSATELLITE SPECTRA; VERTICAL DISPERSION AB We review recent, and some less recent, measurements of several emission spectra of copper. The results are discussed with special emphasis on elucidating the structure of the Kalpha(1,2) and Kbeta(1,3) diagram lines and their underlying transitions. These lines are found to contain approximate to 30 % contribution from 3d spectator hole transitions. Other multielectronic transitions, the 2p spectator hole ( satellites) and 1s spectator hole (hypersatellites) transitions were also measured. They are discussed paying special attention to the evolution of the lineshapes and intensities from the excitation threshold to saturation. Trends in the measured quantities depending on the spectator hole's shell and subshell are also discussed. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantum Elect, D-07743 Jena, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Xray Phys, FIN-0014 Helsinki, Finland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il RI Hamalainen, Keijo/A-3986-2010; OI Hamalainen, Keijo/0000-0002-9234-9810; Huotari, Simo/0000-0003-4506-8722 NR 94 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 109 IS 1 BP 75 EP 98 DI 10.6028/jres.109.006 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 839JU UT WOS:000222781000006 PM 27366598 ER PT J AU Johnston, RG AF Johnston, RG TI Adversarial safety analysis: Borrowing the methods of security vulnerability assessments SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE vulnerability assessment; risk assessment; security; psychology of safety; safety evaluations AB Introduction: Safety and security share numerous attributes. The author, who heads the (Security) Vulnerability Assessment Team at Los Alamos National Laboratory, therefore argues that techniques used to optimize security might be useful for optimizing safety. Optimizing Security: There are three main ways to attempt to improve security-secutity surveys, risk assessment (or "design basis threat"), and vulnerability assessments. The latter is usually the most effective. Safety Analogs: Vulnerability assessment techniques used to improve security can be applied to safety analysis-even though safety is not ordinarily viewed as having malicious adversaries (other than hazards involving deliberate sabotage). Thinking like a malicious adversary can nevertheless have benefits in identifying safety vulnerabilities. Suggestions: The attributes of an effective safety vulnerability assessment are discussed, and recommendations are offered for how such an adversarial assessment might work. Conclusion: A safety vulnerability assessment can potentially provide new insights, a fresh and vivid perspective on safety hazards, and increased safety awareness. (C) 2004 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Vulnerabil Assessment Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnston, RG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Vulnerabil Assessment Team, MS J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rogerj@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.013 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 847HV UT WOS:000223384200001 PM 15288557 ER PT J AU Wang, YX Bie, LJ Du, Y Lin, JH Loong, CK Richardson, JW You, LP AF Wang, YX Bie, LJ Du, Y Lin, JH Loong, CK Richardson, JW You, LP TI Hexagonal perovskite-intergrowth manganates: Ln(2)Ca(2)MnO(7) (Ln = La, Nd and Sm) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE manganate; hexagonal perovskite-intergrowth; neutron diffraction; solid-state structures ID STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; BA5RU2O9(O-2); CHEMISTRY AB Two structures, all consisting of alternative stacking of hexagonal perovskite layer and graphite-like Ca2O layer, were identified in Ln(2)Ca(2)MnO(7) systems (Ln = La, Nd and Sm). La2Ca2MnO7 (1), crystallizing in the space group R m with the lattice constants a = 5.62231(7) Angstrom and c = 17.3192(4) Angstrom, contains almost ideal close packed [LnO(3)] arrays. While for the smaller rare earth cations, e.g., Nd2Ca2MnO7 (2) and Sm2Ca2MnO7 (3), the structure distorts to large unit cell (R (3) over bar, a' = 2a and c' = c). Study of the substituted systems, LnLn'Ca2MnO7 (Ln or Ln' = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) and La2-xSmxCa2MnO7, shows a phase transformation from (1) to (2) at certain value of cation size. The MnO6 Octahedra in these compounds are isolated, thus the magnetic property is mainly paramagnetic. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Electron Microscopy Lab, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Lin, JH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jhlin@chem.pku.edu.cn NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 177 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0022-4596(03)00310-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 768GG UT WOS:000188534800009 ER PT J AU Battle, PD Burley, JC Gallon, DJ Grey, CP Sloan, J AF Battle, PD Burley, JC Gallon, DJ Grey, CP Sloan, J TI Magnetism and structural chemistry of the n=2 Ruddlesden-Popper phase La3LiMnO7 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ruddlesden-Popper; cation order; stacking fault ID CATHODE MATERIALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; DIFFRACTION; LI-6; LASR2MN2O7 AB Polycrystalline samples of the n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper phase La3LiMnO7 have been prepared and characterized. X-ray and neutron diffraction suggest that the structure is tetragonal with a disordered distribution of Li and Mn cations over the octahedral sites, but Li-6 MAS NMR shows that the Li and Mn are 1:1 ordered locally. Electron microscopy shows that the stacking of the cation-ordered, perovskite-like bilayers along the crystallographic z-axis is disordered on the distance scale sampled by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Magnetometry data and neutron diffraction data collected at 2K together suggest that the Mn cations within each structural domain order antiferromagnetically at 14 K, but that the disorder along z prevents the establishment of long-range magnetic order. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Inorgan Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Battle, PD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Inorgan Chem Lab, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. EM peter.battle@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Sloan, Jeremy/C-7144-2009; OI Sloan, Jeremy/0000-0001-8612-7456; Burley, Jonathan/0000-0003-4030-1484 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 177 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0022-4596(03)00333-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 768GG UT WOS:000188534800015 ER PT J AU Liu, DJ Pavlenko, N Evans, JW AF Liu, DJ Pavlenko, N Evans, JW TI Crossover between mean-field and Ising critical behavior in a lattice-gas reaction-diffusion model SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE critical behavior; lattice-gas reaction-diffusion model; Ising mean field ID SURFACE-REACTION MODEL; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; 1ST-ORDER TRANSITION; CO OXIDATION; SYSTEMS; FLUCTUATIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; DESORPTION; EQUATIONS AB Lattice-gas models for CO oxidation can exhibit a discontinuous nonequilibrium transition between reactive and inactive states, which disappears above a critical CO-desorption rate. Using finite-size-scaling analysis, we demonstrate a crossover from Ising to mean-field behavior at the critical point, with increasing surface mobility of adsorbed CO or with decreasing system size. This behavior is elucidated by analogy with that of equilibrium Ising-type systems with long-range interactions. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Hannover, Inst Phys Chem & Elektrochem, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Pavlenko, Natalia/C-1384-2011 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1023/B:JOSS.0000003105.50683.c6 PG 14 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 742ZQ UT WOS:000186548300005 ER PT J AU Glaeser, RM AF Glaeser, RM TI Historical background: why is it important to improve automated particle selection methods? SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Multidisciplinary Workshop on Automatic Particle Selection for Cryo-electron Microscopy CY APR 24-25, 2003 CL SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA SP NIH, Natl Ctr Res Resources P41 Program HO SCRIPPS RES INST ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SITUS AB A current trend in single-particle electron microscopy is to compute three-dimensional reconstructions with ever-increasing numbers of particles in the data sets. Since manual-or even semi-automated-selection of particles represents a major bottleneck when the data set exceeds several thousand particles, there is growing interest in developing automatic methods for selecting images of individual particles. Except in special cases, however, it has proven difficult to achieve the degree of efficiency and reliability that would make fully automated particle selection a useful tool. The simplest methods such as cross correlation (i.e., matched filtering) do not perform well enough to be used for fully automated particle selection. Geometric properties (area, perimeter-to-area ratio, etc.) and the integrated "mass" of candidate particles are additional factors that could improve automated particle selection if suitable methods of contouring particles could be developed. Another suggestion is that data be always collected as pairs of images, the first taken at low defocus (to capture information at the highest possible resolution) and the second at very high defocus (to improve the visibility of the particle). Finally, it is emphasized that well-annotated, open-access data sets need to be established in order to encourage the further development and validation of methods for automated particle selection. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rmglaeser@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.09.005 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 764EG UT WOS:000188192500003 PM 15065669 ER PT J AU Adiga, PSU Malladi, R Baxter, W Glaeser, RM AF Adiga, PSU Malladi, R Baxter, W Glaeser, RM TI A binary segmentation approach for boxing ribosome particles in cryo EM micrographs SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Multidisciplinary Workshop on Automatic Particle Selection for Cryo-electron Microscopy CY APR 24-25, 2003 CL SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA SP NIH, Natl Ctr Res Resources P41 Program HO SCRIPPS RES INST DE micrograph; particle; diffusion; segmentation; boxing ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EDGE-DETECTION; LIMITATIONS; DIFFUSION AB Three-dimensional reconstruction of ribosome particles from electron micrographs requires selection of many single-particle images. Roughly 100,000 particles are required to achieve approximately 10 Angstrom resolution. Manual selection of particles, by visual observation of the micrographs on a computer screen, is recognized as a bottleneck in automated single-particle reconstruction. This paper describes an efficient approach for automated boxing of ribosome particles in micrographs. Use of a fast, anisotropic nonlinear reaction-diffusion method to pre-process micrographs and rank-leveling to enhance the contrast between particles and the background, followed by binary and morphological segmentation constitute the core of this technique. Modifying the shape of the particles to facilitate segmentation of individual particles within clusters and boxing the isolated particles is successfully attempted. Tests on a limited number of micrographs have shown that over 80% success is achieved in automatic particle picking. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 LBNL, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Adiga, PSU (reprint author), LBNL, Phys Biosci Div, 1,Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM upadiga@lbl.gov; rmglaeser@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62989] NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.10.025 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 764EG UT WOS:000188192500015 PM 15065681 ER PT J AU Olsson, WA Lorenz, JC Cooper, SP AF Olsson, WA Lorenz, JC Cooper, SP TI A mechanical model for multiply-oriented conjugate deformation bands SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiply-oriented conjugate deformation bands; jurassic sandstones; conjugate attitudes ID NEW-MEXICO; POROUS SANDSTONES; LUDERS BANDS; FLUID-FLOW; COMPRESSION; FRACTURE; FAULTS AB A unique suite of three pairs of conjugate deformation band sets is present in Jurassic sandstones in the southeastern corner of the San Juan basin, northwestern New Mexico. In order of sequential development, these conjugate pairs are oriented to form each of the three principal conjugate attitudes: (1) upright X's, (2) plan-view X's, and (3) recumbent X's. The symmetry axes of the three different X-geometries at this location are parallel, suggesting that the three systems are genetically related. A relatively simple stress history, with the horizontal stresses striking northeast and southeast and varying in magnitude but not in orientation, plausibly explains this suite of sequentially developed conjugate structures. In this model, the upright X's formed with dip-slip, normal offset under the initial conditions where the overburden was the maximum stress and the northeast-striking horizontal stress was the intermediate stress. Plan-view X's with strike-slip offset formed next, as the northeast-striking stress increased (due to northeastward Laramide translation of the Colorado Plateau and interaction with the local basement-cored Nacimiento Uplift) to become the maximum stress, leaving the overburden stress as the intermediate stress although unchanged in magnitude. As the northeast-directed horizontal compressive stress continued to increase, it eventually created a condition where the horizontal stresses equaled or exceeded the overburden stress, resulting in small-scale thrusting along the recumbent X's. The proposed mechanical model shows that shear stress levels dropped temporarily after the formation of the upright X's, providing a hiatus in deformation and making the deformation at the next stage distinct, without overlap. The three systems of intersecting conjugate deformation bands that resulted have severely compartmentalized potential reservoirs in this unit, and illustrate why similar high-porosity, deformation-banded units can have low hydrocarbon production rates despite otherwise good reservoir potential. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geomech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geophys Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olsson, WA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geomech Dept, POB 5800,MS 0751, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM waoisso@sandia.gov NR 47 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PY 2004 VL 26 IS 2 BP 325 EP 338 DI 10.1016/S0191-8141(03)00101-9 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 809NX UT WOS:000220644500010 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, T AF Terwilliger, T TI SOLVE and RESOLVE: automated structure solution, density modification, and model building SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Diffraction Structural Biology (ISDSB2003) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2003 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Ind Cooperat Res Comm, 169th Comm Struct Biol Using Diffract Tech DE MIR/MAD; SAD; SAS; software ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MAPS; IMPROVEMENT; REFINEMENT; RESOLUTION; PROTEINS; MAD AB The software SOLVE and RESOLVE can carry out all the steps in macromolecular structure solution, from scaling and heavy-atom location through phasing, density modification, and model-building in the MAD, SAD, and MIR cases. SOLVE uses scoring scheme to convert the decision-making in macromolecular structure solution to an optimization problem. RESOLVE carries out the identification of NCS, density modification, and automated model-building. The procedure is fully automated and can function at resolutions as low as 3 Angstrom. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terwilliger, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terwilliger@lanl.gov RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 30 TC 300 Z9 308 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 11 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1107/S0909049503023938 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 773JP UT WOS:000188920800014 PM 14646132 ER PT J AU Adams, PD Gopal, K Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Hung, LW Ioerger, TR McCoy, AJ Moriarty, NW Pai, RK Read, RJ Romo, TD Sacchettin, JC Sauter, NK Storoni, LC Terwilligerf, TC AF Adams, PD Gopal, K Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Hung, LW Ioerger, TR McCoy, AJ Moriarty, NW Pai, RK Read, RJ Romo, TD Sacchettin, JC Sauter, NK Storoni, LC Terwilligerf, TC TI Recent developments in the PHENIX software for automated crystallographic structure determination SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Diffraction Structural Biology (ISDSB2003) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2003 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Ind Cooperat Res Comm, 169th Comm Struct Biol Using Diffract Tech DE PHENIX; Python; object-oriented programming; strategies ID ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; MAD AB A new software system called PHENIX (Python-based Hierarchical ENvironment for Integrated Xtallography) is being developed for the automation of crystallographic structure solution. This will provide the necessary algorithms to proceed from reduced intensity data to a refined molecular model, and facilitate structure solution for both the novice and expert crystallographer. Here we review the features of PHENIX and briefly describe the recent advances in infrastructure and algorithms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Haematol, Cambridge Inst Med Res, Cambridge CB2 2XY, England. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Adams, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,BLDG 4R0230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PDAdams@lbl.gov RI Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Read, Randy/L-1418-2013; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Read, Randy/0000-0001-8273-0047; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01GM063210] NR 26 TC 208 Z9 212 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 11 BP 53 EP 55 DI 10.1107/S0909049503024130 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 773JP UT WOS:000188920800015 PM 14646133 ER PT J AU Schoenborn, BP Langan, P AF Schoenborn, BP Langan, P TI Protein crystallography with spallation neutrons SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Diffraction Structural Biology (ISDSB2003) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2003 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Ind Cooperat Res Comm, 169th Comm Struct Biol Using Diffract Tech DE neutron diffraction; enzyme mechanism; protein crystallography station; PCS AB Spallation neutrons are ideal for diffraction studies of proteins and oriented molecular complexes. With spallation neutrons and their time dependent wavelength structure, one can select data with an optimal wavelength band and cover the whole Laue spectrum as time (wavelength) resolved diffraction data. This optimises data quality with best peak to background ratios and provides spatial and energy resolution to eliminate peak overlaps. Such a Protein Crystallography Station (PCS) has been built and tested at Los Alamos Neutron Science Centre. A partially coupled moderator is used to increase flux and data are collected by a cylindrical He 3 detector covering 120degrees with 200mm height. The PCS is described along with some examples of data collected from proteins. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Schoenborn, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM schoenborn@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 7 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 11 BP 80 EP 82 DI 10.1107/S0909049503023902 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 773JP UT WOS:000188920800022 PM 14646140 ER PT J AU Scahill, J Wolfrum, EJ Michener, WE Bergmann, M Blake, DM Watt, AS AF Scahill, J Wolfrum, EJ Michener, WE Bergmann, M Blake, DM Watt, AS TI A new method for the rapid determination of volatile organic compound breakthrough times for a sorbent at concentrations relevant to indoor air quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATOR CARTRIDGE EFFICIENCY; ACTIVATED CARBON; VOC REMOVAL; ADSORPTION AB The use of sorbents has been proposed to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in ambient air at concentrations in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range, which is typical of indoor air quality applications. Sorbent materials, such as granular activated carbon and molecular sieves, are used to remove VOCs from gas streams in industrial applications, where VOC concentrations are typically in the parts-per-million range. A method for evaluating the VOC removal performance of sorbent materials using toluene concentrations in the ppb range is described. Breakthrough times for toluene at concentrations from 2 to 7500 ppb are presented for a hydrophobic molecular sieve at 25% relative humidity. By increasing the ratio of challenge gas flow rate to the mass of the sorbent bed and decreasing both the mass of sorbent in the bed and the sorbent particle size, this method reduces the required experimental times by a factor of up to several hundred compared with the proposed American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers method, ASHRAE 145P, making sorbent performance evaluation for ppb-range VOC removal more convenient. The method can be applied to screen sorbent materials for application in the removal of VOCs from indoor air. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Wolfrum, EJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM ed_wolfrum@nrel.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 762DK UT WOS:000187955500010 PM 14871018 ER PT J AU Loehman, RE Kotula, PG AF Loehman, RE Kotula, PG TI Spectral imaging analysis of interfacial reactions and microstructures in brazing of alumina by a Hf-Ag-Cu alloy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A 59Ag.40Cu-1Hf (at.%) alloy that was heated on 99.6% alumina for 30 min at 1000degreesC in gettered Ar melted, spread, and adhered when cooled to room temperature. Conventional scanning electron microscopic analysis with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDXS) did not detect any reaction products at the interface. Automated X-ray spectral image analysis of the interface region revealed small pockets of a phase containing Hf and O with a stoichiometry equivalent to HfO2. Samples for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis were cut to include specific HfO2 particles using focused ion beam (FIB) milling. TEM images showed that the particles were 10 to 100 nm in diameter and embedded in the alumina grains at the interface with the alloy. Based on the measured stoichiometry, electron diffraction analysis in the transmission electron microscope, and a standard Gibbs energy of reaction of DeltaGdegrees = -203.3 kJ at 1300 K for the reaction 3Hf + 2Al(2)O(3) --> 3HfO(2) + 4Al, the particles are judged to be HfO2 that formed from simple redox reaction between Hf and Al2O3. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Loehman, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 767FH UT WOS:000188429200009 ER PT J AU Kruzic, JJ Cannon, RM Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, JJ Cannon, RM Ritchie, RO TI Crack-size effects on cyclic and monotonic crack growth in polycrystalline alumina: Quantification of the role of grain bridging SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; MONOLITHIC ALUMINA; OPENING DISPLACEMENT; PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH PROPERTIES; SILICON-CARBIDE; FRICTIONAL-WEAR; CERAMICS AB The role of grain bridging in affecting the initial rising portion of the R-curve and the transient, non-steady-state behavior of short cracks during (cyclic) fatigue-crack propagation has been quantitatively examined in a 99.5% pure alumina. Fatigue-crack growth properties for both long and short (Deltaa(f) < 2 mm) cracks emanating from machined notches (root radius, rho similar to 15-150 mum) were investigated, where Deltaa(f) is the extension of the fatigue crack from the notch. Growth rates (da/dN) were far higher at the same applied stress-intensity range (DeltaK) and fatigue thresholds, DeltaK(TH), were markedly lower for short cracks than for corresponding long cracks. Crack extension was measured at the lowest driving forces for short cracks emanating from razor micronotches with rho approximate to 15 mum. For growth rates <10(-8) m/cycle, da/dN vs; DeltaK curves for short cracks merged with the demonstrably steady-state curve for long cracks after similar to2 mm of crack extension. This length corresponds well to the extent of the measured crack-bridging zone for a near-threshold steady-state fatigue crack. For da/dN > 10(-8) m/cycle, however, non-steady-state behavior was observed at all crack sizes, indicating that achieving steady state at each DeltaK level is difficult. The crack-tip shielding contribution due to such grain bridging was determined using both direct compliance and the more accurate multicutting/crackopening profile techniques. Bridging stress-intensity factors were computed and subtracted from the applied stress intensities to estimate an effective (near-tip) driving force, DeltaK(eff). These results provided (i) a lower threshold (in terms of DeltaK(eff)) below which both long and short fatigue cracks should not propagate, and (ii) an estimate of the intrinsic toughness, K-0, for the start of the R-curve. Such results quantitatively affirm that the reduced role of grain-bridging is a primary source of the transient behavior of short cracks in grain bridging alumina-based ceramics under cyclic loading. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 767FH UT WOS:000188429200016 ER PT J AU Mattus, CH Hu, MZ DePaoli, DW AF Mattus, CH Hu, MZ DePaoli, DW TI Deposition of uranium on sodium aluminosilicate surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mattus, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mattus, Catherine/E-5591-2017 OI Mattus, Catherine/0000-0002-4574-1588 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 1 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 767FH UT WOS:000188429200032 ER PT J AU Idemoto, Y Yoshikoshi, H Koura, N Takeuchi, K Richardson, JW Loong, CK AF Idemoto, Y Yoshikoshi, H Koura, N Takeuchi, K Richardson, JW Loong, CK TI Relation between the crystal structure, physical properties and ferroelectric properties of PbZrxTi1-xO3 (x=0.40, 0.45, 0.53) ferroelectric material by heat treatment SO JOURNAL OF THE CERAMIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA Japanese DT Article DE ferroelectric material; crystal structure; neutron diffraction analysis; heat treatment; physical property; PZT; ferroelectric property ID THIN-FILM CAPACITORS AB Ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) is expected to be the next generation memory. PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT) is considered as a candidate because of its high remanent polarization (P-r). We investigated the relation between physical properties, crystal structure and ferroelectric performance of the sample before and after various heat treatments. From the results, remanent polarization (P-r) and coercive field (E-c) increased with increasing P-O2 during heat treatment. The remanent polarization (P-r) and coercive field (E-c) decreased with increasing Zr content x. Furthermore, the dielectric constants at room temperature increased with increasing Zr content x. On the other hand, Curie Temperature (T-C) increased with decreasing Zr content x or increasing P-O2 during heat treatment. From the structural analysis, the bond length of M(Zr,Ti)-O1 decreased with increasing P-O2 during heat treatment or with decreasing Zr content x of pre-heated samples. Consequently, the ferroelectric performance was affected by changing the defect of oxygen and the strain of the structure. C1 Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Ind Sci & Technol, Oshamambe, Hokkaido 0493514, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60493 USA. RP Idemoto, Y (reprint author), Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CERAMIC SOC JAPAN-NIPPON SERAMIKKUSU KYOKAI PI TOKYO PA 22-17, HYAKUNIN-CHO 2-CHOME, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 169-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0743 EI 1348-6535 J9 J CERAM SOC JPN JI J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 112 IS 1301 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.2109/jcersj.112.40 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 776LF UT WOS:000189116900008 ER PT J AU Curtis, CJ Wang, JX Schulz, DL AF Curtis, CJ Wang, JX Schulz, DL TI Preparation and characterization of LiMn2O4 spinel nanoparticles as cathode materials in secondary Li batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; LUMINESCENCE; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; CELLS AB Nanoparticles of LiMn2O4 spinels have been synthesized through a sol-gel method followed by annealing at various temperatures between 350 and 550degreesC. The particle sizes depend on annealing temperatures. At a low annealing temperature (350degreesC), the nanoparticles may have a size of 10 nm, estimated from transmission electron microscopy photographs. The annealing temperatures higher than 550degreesC give rise to particles larger than nanoscale. Some large porous Li1.4Mn2O4 particles with 1 mum size were prepared for comparison through an emission process. The electrochemical tests indicate that those nanoparticles reduce capacities in the 4 V discharge region but improve rechargeability of the electrode materials. On the other hand, the nanoparticles significantly improve both capacities and cycling performance in the 3 V discharge region. The electrochemical properties of these materials are further investigated using cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy. The results reveal that the homogeneous-phase transition occurring in the 3 V region and at the first discharge plateau of the 4 V discharge region increases the difficulty of the Li+ insertion/extraction process and affects rechargeability of the electrode materials. However, the nanoparticles and porous materials reduce charge-transfer resistances between the composite electrodes and electrolyte interface and increase the effectiveness of lithium intercalation into the active materials in comparison with those large but nonporous materials. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Curtis, CJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jiaxiong@genorx.com NR 39 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 4 BP A590 EP A598 DI 10.1149/1.1648021 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 808HR UT WOS:000220560700015 ER PT J AU Diaz-Morales, RR Liu, RX Fachini, E Chen, GY Segre, CU Martinez, A Cabrera, C Smotkin, ES AF Diaz-Morales, RR Liu, RX Fachini, E Chen, GY Segre, CU Martinez, A Cabrera, C Smotkin, ES TI XRD and XPS analysis of as-prepared and conditioned DMFC array membrane electrode assemblies SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PT-RU ALLOYS; METHANOL ELECTROOXIDATION; FUEL-CELL; ANODE CATALYSTS; OXIDATION; PLATINUM; ELECTROCATALYSTS; RUTHENIUM; CLUSTERS; TERNARY AB Catalysts prepared by the Adams and Reetz method were ranked against a Johnson Matthey PtRu catalyst in an array fuel cell in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) mode. The Reetz and Johnson Matthey PtRu catalysts were found to be equivalent. The catalysts were analyzed in membrane and electrode assemblies (MEA) before and after fuel cell performance evaluation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed no changes of the crystalline phases before and after fuel cell evaluation. However, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that in the electrode containing the Reetz catalyst, substantial loss of Ru at the MEA surface occurred during fuel cell operation. Loss of Ru also occurred at the MEA surface containing the Johnson Matthey catalyst while an enrichment of Ru on the electrode surface containing the Adams catalyst was observed. A lattice parameter analysis of all catalysts showed Pt enrichment in the alloy phase, with the largest enrichment in the Adams catalyst. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. NuVant Syst, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys Sci, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Diaz-Morales, RR (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RI Diaz-Morales, Robert/D-8733-2013; Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; OI Diaz-Morales, Robert/0000-0003-1565-0412; Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; Cabrera, Carlos/0000-0002-3342-8666 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 9 BP A1314 EP A1318 DI 10.1149/1.1774185 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 850OJ UT WOS:000223622000002 ER PT J AU Hu, YQ Doeff, MM Kostecki, R Finones, R AF Hu, YQ Doeff, MM Kostecki, R Finones, R TI Electrochemical performance of sol-gel synthesized LiFePO4 in lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-FILMS; STABILITY; SURFACE; CATHODE AB LiFePO4, Li0.98Mg0.01FePO4, and Li0.96Ti0.01FePO4 were synthesized via a sol-gel method using a variety of processing conditions. For comparison, LiFePO4 was also synthesized from iron acetate by a solid-state method. The electrochemical performance of these materials in lithium cells was evaluated and correlated to LiFePO4 powder morphology and residual carbon structure, as determined by Raman microprobe spectroscopy. For materials with mean agglomerate sizes below 20 mm, an association between structure and crystallinity of the residual carbon and improved utilization was observed. Addition of small amounts of organic compounds or polymers during processing results in carbon coatings with higher graphitization ratios and better electronic properties on the LiFePO4 samples and improves cell performance in some cases, even though total carbon contents remain low (<2%). In contrast, no performance enhancement was seen for samples doped with Mg or Ti. These results suggest that it should be possible to design high-power LiFePO4 electrodes without unduly compromising energy density by optimizing the carbon coating on the particles. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, YQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 22 TC 214 Z9 227 U1 9 U2 100 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 8 BP A1279 EP A1285 DI 10.1149/1.1768546 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 841YV UT WOS:000222969500026 ER PT J AU Jow, TR Xu, K Ding, MS Zhang, SS Allen, JL Amine, K AF Jow, TR Xu, K Ding, MS Zhang, SS Allen, JL Amine, K TI LiBOB-based electrolytes for Li-ion batteries for transportation applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; LITHIUM BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; CARBONATE; LIPF6; CONDUCTIVITY; INTERFACE; OPERATION; LICOO2 AB The low-temperature performance and the stability of LiBOB-based electrolytes were studied in Li-ion cells and on various cathode materials, respectively. It was found that the conductivity of LiBOB in carbonate solvents can be improved by blending with ester solvents. It was also found that the capacity delivered using such electrolytes at subzero temperatures can be improved by adding ester solvents into electrolyte compositions, although at the expense of the stability against high-temperature cycling. The BOB- anion remains electrochemically stable on strongly oxidizing electrode material such as LiNi1-y-zMyMz'O-2 as shown by high-temperature cycling and storage. Nonetheless, the BOB- stability may vary with different cathode materials depending on the reactivity among BOB- anion, solvent, and lithiated metal oxide cathode materials. To maximize the advantages of LiBOB over the industry standard LiPF6, further work in electrolyte formulation is desired. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jow, TR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 18 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 10 BP A1702 EP A1706 DI 10.1149/1.1789393 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 865BW UT WOS:000224678500026 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Johnson, CS Vaughey, JT Hackney, SA Walz, KA Zeltner, WA Anderson, MA Thackeray, MM AF Kim, JS Johnson, CS Vaughey, JT Hackney, SA Walz, KA Zeltner, WA Anderson, MA Thackeray, MM TI The electrochemical stability of spinel electrodes coated with ZrO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 from colloidal suspensions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; MANGANESE OXIDES; CAPACITY RETENTION; CERAMIC MEMBRANES; CATHODE MATERIAL; LIMN2O4; LI; CELLS; PERFORMANCE; LICOO2 AB Stoichiometric LiMn2O4 and substituted Li1.05M0.05Mn1.9O4 (M=Al,Ni) spinel electrodes, coated with ZrO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 from colloidal suspensions, have been evaluated in lithium cells. ZrO2-coated Li1.05Ni0.05Mn1.9O4 electrodes provide the best cycling stability at 50degreesC. The excellent cycling stability is attributed to a porous network of amphoteric ZrO2 Particles, less than 4 nm in dimension, that protect the spinel surface from acid attack by scavenging HF and H2O from the electrolyte, while still allowing access of the electrolyte to the active electrode. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kim, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thackeray@cmt.anl.gov RI Anderson, Marc/I-2437-2015 NR 27 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 8 U2 74 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 10 BP A1755 EP A1761 DI 10.1149/1.1793713 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 865BW UT WOS:000224678500035 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Sumner, MJ Harrison, WL Riffle, JS McGrath, JE Pivovar, BS AF Kim, YS Sumner, MJ Harrison, WL Riffle, JS McGrath, JE Pivovar, BS TI Direct methanol fuel cell performance of disulfonated poly-arylene ether benzonitrile) copolymers SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; RANDOM STATISTICAL COPOLYMERS; DIRECT POLYMERIZATION; IONOMERIC MEMBRANES; ELECTROOSMOTIC DRAG; NAFION MEMBRANES; WATER; PERMEATION; TRANSPORT AB This paper reports the performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) using novel disulfonated poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) copolymers derived from hexafluoro-isopropylidene diphenol (6F), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, and 3,3'-disulfonated 4,4'-dichloro diphenyl sulfone (SDCDPS). The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which employed the sulfonated copolymer with 35 mol % of disulfonated comonomer as the proton exchange membrane had approximately 2-fold lower methanol crossover and slightly higher (about 10%) cell resistance than the MEA using the perfluorosulfonic acid Nafion membrane, resulting in an approximately 50% improvement in selectivity, regardless of membrane thickness. Accordingly, this MEA outperformed the Nafion MEA control in a DMFC single-cell test. For example, 200 mA/cm(2) was obtained (compared with 150 mA/cm(2) for the Nafion MEA) at 0.5 V at a temperature of 80 degreesC and ambient air pressure. Similar experiments performed with nonfluorine-containing biphenol-based sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers (BPSH) indicated that the compatibility of the polymer electrolyte with the electrodes likely has a critical role in initial DMFC performance. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pivovar@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 12 BP A2150 EP A2156 DI 10.1149/1.1819837 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 870OY UT WOS:000225068500023 ER PT J AU Kostecki, R Norin, L Song, XY McLarnon, F AF Kostecki, R Norin, L Song, XY McLarnon, F TI Diagnostic studies of polyolefin separators in high-power Li-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ACID-BATTERIES; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; THERMAL-STABILITY; SELF-DISCHARGE; REDOX BATTERY; LITHIUM; PERFORMANCE; FAILURE; CONDUCTIVITY AB The decrease of ionic conductivity of polymeric separators in high-power Li-ion cells, which were cycled or stored at elevated temperatures, was accompanied by dramatic changes in separator surface morphology. The source and nature of polymer separator degradation in high-power Li-ion batteries have been studied. We attributed the observed porosity loss to a deposit, which precipitated onto the separator surface from the electrolyte and clogged separator pores. This deposit resulted from a homogenous decomposition process of the LiPF6-ethylene carbonate-ethyl-methyl carbonate electrolyte, which was significantly accelerated at elevated temperatures. The electrolyte decomposition products consisted of lithium halophosphates and displayed very strong fluorescence. They contributed to the solid electrolyte interphase layers on both cathode and anode where they underwent further oxidation or reduction reactions, respectively. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kostecki, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 4 BP A522 EP A526 DI 10.1149/1.1649233 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 808HR UT WOS:000220560700005 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Ma, ZF Yang, XQ Sun, X McBreen, J AF Lee, HS Ma, ZF Yang, XQ Sun, X McBreen, J TI Synthesis of a series of fluorinated boronate compounds and their use as additives in lithium battery electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-PAIR DISSOCIATION; NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; ANION RECEPTORS; CONDUCTIVITY; DERIVATIVES; FAMILY; SALTS; LIBOB AB A new series of anion receptors based on boronate compounds have been synthesized. These compounds can be used as anion receptors in lithium battery electrolytes. The so-called boronate means that the compounds contain a boron bonded with two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. This series includes various boronate compounds with different fluorinated aryl and fluorinated alkyl groups. When these anion receptors are used as additives in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solutions containing various lithium salts, the ionic conductivities of these solutions are greatly increased. The electrolytes tested in this study were DME solutions containing the following lithium salts: LiF, CF3COOLi, and C2F5COOLi. Without the additive, the solubility of LiF in DME (and all other nonaqueous solvents! is very low. With some of these boronate compounds as additives, LiF solutions in DME with concentration as high as 1 M were obtained. The solubilities of the other salts were also increased by these additives. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy studies show that I- anions are complexed with these compounds in DME solutions containing LiI salts. The degree of complexation is also closely related to the structures of the fluorinated aryl and alkyl groups which act as electron-withdrawing groups. The NEXAFS results are in good agreement with ionic conductivity studies. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xyang@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 9 BP A1429 EP A1435 DI 10.1149/1.1779407 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 850OJ UT WOS:000223622000020 ER PT J AU Liu, LJ Chen, LQ Huang, XJ Yang, XQ Yoon, WS Lee, HS McBreen, J AF Liu, LJ Chen, LQ Huang, XJ Yang, XQ Yoon, WS Lee, HS McBreen, J TI Electrochemical and in situ synchrotron XRD studies on Al2O3-coated LiCoO2 cathode material SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LIXCOO2; INTERCALATION; STABILITY; CELL AB Using a commercial available LiCoO2 as starting material, surface-modified cathode material was obtained by coating its surface with a nanosize layer of amorphous Al2O3. Electrochemical performances and structural evolutions of the modified cathode material were characterized and compared with that of pristine LiCoO2. Specific capacity of 190 mAh/g was obtained in Li/ (Al2O3-coated LiCoO2) experimental cells when charged to 4.5 V. The relationship between the structural evolution and the electrochemical performances at overcharged state was investigated using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). After charging the half-cell using uncoated LiCoO2 as cathode, the variation of the c value in hexagonal structure is significantly reduced during subsequent cycles. This reduction in c variation range is concurrently related to the capacity fading. In contrast, the variation range of c is preserved in the Al2O3-coated cathodes, and so is capacity. Based on these results, a capacity fading mechanism of LiCoO2-type cathode materials after overcharge is proposed, and an explanation of the surface coating effects is given. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Nanoscale Phys & Devices Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, LJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Nanoscale Phys & Devices Lab, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM xjhuang@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013 NR 16 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 13 U2 82 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 9 BP A1344 EP A1351 DI 10.1149/1.1772781 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 850OJ UT WOS:000223622000007 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Urian, RC Lee, SJ Ticianelli, EA McBreen, J AF Mukerjee, S Urian, RC Lee, SJ Ticianelli, EA McBreen, J TI Electrocatalysis of CO tolerance by carbon-supported PtMo electrocatalysts in PEMFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN OXIDATION REACTION; ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; FUEL-CELL PERFORMANCE; H-2/CO MIXTURES; AD-ATOMS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; MONOXIDE OXIDATION; METHANOL OXIDATION; OXYGEN REDUCTION AB This paper is a full version of an earlier short communication, where significantly higher (up to threefold) CO tolerance was reported for PtMo/C (atomic ratio, Pt:Mo, 3:1) relative to the current state-of-the-art PtRu/C (1: 1) in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under standard operating conditions (85degreesC, 100% humidification, with H-2 + 100 pm CO//O-2). We report significantly different behavior for PtMo/C in contrast to PtRu/C, wherein there is negligible variation in CO tolerance (100 ppm CO in H-2) with variations in alloying compositions (Pt:Mo, 1: 1 to 5: 1). Further, in contrast to Pt/C and PtRu/C, significantly lower variations in overpotential losses is observed for PtMo/C as a function of temperature (55-115degreesC) and CO concentrations (5-100 ppm, balance H-2). In addition, excellent long-term stability is reported for PtMo/C (1:1) under steady-state conditions (constant potential conditions at 0.6 V) for a total duration of 1500 h, with anode gas composition varied between pure H-2 and those with 100 ppm CO, with or without the presence of other reformate gases (primarily CO2 and N-2). These are discussed in the context of detailed physicochemical characterization of the nanoparticles using a combination of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and in situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Smukerje@lynx.neu.edu RI Ticianelli, Edson/D-1560-2012 OI Ticianelli, Edson/0000-0003-3432-2799 NR 49 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 8 U2 32 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 7 BP A1094 EP A1103 DI 10.1149/1.1759363 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 837YC UT WOS:000222676300024 ER PT J AU Piela, P Eickes, C Brosha, E Garzon, F Zelenay, P AF Piela, P Eickes, C Brosha, E Garzon, F Zelenay, P TI Ruthenium crossover in direct methanol fuel cell with Pt-Ru black anode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; OXIDATION; PLATINUM; ALLOYS AB In this study, we provide electrochemical and X-ray fluorescence evidence of ruthenium crossover in direct methanol fuel cells using a state-of-the-art Pt-Ru alloy catalyst at the anode. We find ruthenium susceptible to leaching out from the highly active Pt-Ru black catalyst, crossing the proton-conducting Nafion membrane and redepositing at the Pt cathode on the opposite side of the fuel cell. After first detecting this phenomenon in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) stack with a history of cell-voltage reversal, we have since observed ruthenium crossover under virtually all DMFC operating conditions, from single cell break-in (humidification) to stack life testing. The degree of cathode contamination by ruthenium species (of chemical form yet unknown! depends on, among other factors, the DMFC anode potential and the cell operating time. Once deposited at the cathode, ruthenium inhibits oxygen reduction kinetics and the catalyst's ability to handle methanol crossover. Depending on the degree of cathode contamination, the overall effect of ruthenium crossover on cell performance may be from as little as similar to40 mV up to 200 mV. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Piela, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zelenay@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 194 Z9 194 U1 8 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 12 BP A2053 EP A2059 DI 10.1149/1.1814472 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 870OY UT WOS:000225068500008 ER PT J AU Roberts, GA Cairns, EJ Reimer, JA AF Roberts, GA Cairns, EJ Reimer, JA TI Mechanism of lithium insertion into magnesium silicide SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION BATTERIES; LI INSERTION; ELECTRODE; MG2SI AB The reaction mechanism for electrochemical lithium insertion into magnesium silicide was studies by in situ and ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Lithium intercalation during the initial stages of insertion was indicated by a slight shift toward lower angles in the diffraction patterns. Upon further insertion, Li2MgSi was formed. This was indicated by the appearance of magnesium peaks, the disappearance of Mg2Si peaks, and the appearance of Li2MgSi peaks in the diffraction patterns. Magnesium XRD peaks that accumulated during cycling indicated that the formation of Mg2Si during lithium removal was not entirely reversible. Li2MgSi was synthesized by mechanical alloying. XRD patterns and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the mechanically alloyed and electrochemically produced phases are compared. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roberts, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM GARober@sandia.gov RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 4 BP A493 EP A496 DI 10.1149/1.1649753 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 808HR UT WOS:000220560700001 ER PT J AU Ronnebro, E Yin, JT Kitano, A Wada, M Tanase, S Sakai, T AF Ronnebro, E Yin, JT Kitano, A Wada, M Tanase, S Sakai, T TI Structural analysis by synchrotron XRD of a Ag52Sn48 nanocomposite electrode for advanced Li-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANODE MATERIALS; LITHIATION; ALLOYS; SN; AG AB The phase transformations of an Ag52Sn48 nanocomposite anode (Ag3Sn+2Sn) were investigated during electrochemical lithium insertion/extraction. The high performance of the Li-ion battery gives 350 mAh/g for 300 cycles. Electrodes were prepared at selected voltage points in the discharge-charge curves, and high-energy synchrotron X-ray data was collected in order to study the reaction mechanism in detail. Structural analysis with the Rietveld method revealed a sequential Li insertion in the ternary alloy Ag2-xLi1+xSn between x=0-1. During discharge Li is inserted into Ag3Sn upon extrusion of Ag to form the ternary compound Ag2LiSn at 0.68 V, and as the voltage decreases the Li content increases, forming the inhomogencous composition Ag2-xLi1+xSn until the end-compound AgLi2Sn forms at 0.15 V. Moreover, below 0.2 V LiySn starts to form; Li7Sn2 and Li22Sn5 were observed. The extruded Ag forms AgLi which further forms Ag5Li8 when more Li is inserted. Finally, at full discharge, AgLi2Sn disintegrates into Li22Sn5 and Ag5Li8. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Osaka 5638577, Japan. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Fukuda Met Foil & Powder Co Ltd, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 60078305, Japan. RP Ronnebro, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ecronne@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 10 BP A1738 EP A1744 DI 10.1149/1.1793671 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 865BW UT WOS:000224678500032 ER PT J AU Scanlon, LG Lucente, LR Feld, WA Sandi, G Balbuena, PB Alonso, PR Turnerb, A AF Scanlon, LG Lucente, LR Feld, WA Sandi, G Balbuena, PB Alonso, PR Turnerb, A TI Composite cathode with Li2Pc SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION AB Computational chemistry calculations performed with Gaussian 98 were used to develop an experimental method that facilitates ionic connection between the solid-state electrolyte dilithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) and manganese dioxide (MnO2). The planar configuration of the phthalocyanine ring and the fact that the lithium ions are very close to the ring may sterically hinder effective ionic coupling between Li2Pc and any potential cathode. This same argument has been used for understanding the insertion and removal of magnesium from water solutions of deuteroporphyrins. Calculated results show that lithium ions are drawn closer to the phthalocyanine ring upon formation of (Li2Pc)(2) via molecular self-assembly when compared to the single-molecule Li2Pc. However, extension of lithium ions above the planar phthalocyanine ring in (Li2Pc)(2) can be enhanced through formation of a complex at the axial position above lithium. Calculations show that corannulene at the axial position above lithium forms an asymmetric structure with (Li2Pc)(2) and extends lithium further above the ring. To test the theoretical results, an electrically conducting carbon with a curved lattice was used in the fabrication of an all solid-state electrochemical cell with a lithium metal foil anode, Li2Pc electrolyte, and a MnO2 cathode. Slow-scan-rate cyclic voltammograms of a LixMnO2 cathode demonstrate the charging and discharging of cells. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Scanlon, LG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lawrence.scanlon@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 9 BP A1338 EP A1343 DI 10.1149/1.1772780 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 850OJ UT WOS:000223622000006 ER PT J AU Song, SW Zhuang, GV Ross, PN AF Song, SW Zhuang, GV Ross, PN TI Surface film formation on LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes using attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CARBONATE-BASED ELECTROLYTES; SITU FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; NONAQUEOUS SOLVENTS; CHARGED CATHODES; ELECTRODES; OXIDATION AB The surface films formed on commercial LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes (ATD Gen2) charged from 3.75 to 4.2 V vs. Li/ Li+ in ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate-1 M LiPF6 were analyzed using ex situ Fourier transform IR spectroscopy with the attenuated total reflection technique. A surface layer of Li2CO3 is present on the virgin cathode, probably from reaction of the active material with air during the cathode preparation procedure. The Li2CO3 layer disappeared even after soaking in the electrolyte, indicating that the layer dissolved into the electrolyte possibly even before potential cycling of the electrode. IR features only from the binder (poly(vinylidene difluoride)) and a trace of polyamide from the Al current collector were observed on the surfaces of cathodes charged to below 4.2 V, i.e., no surface species from electrolyte oxidation. However, some new IR features were found on the cathode charged to 4.2 V and higher. An electrolyte oxidation product was observed that appeared to contain dicarbonyl anhydride and (poly)ester functionalities. The reaction appears to be an indirect electrochemical oxidation with overcharging (removal of >0.6 Li ion) destabilizing oxygen in the oxide lattice, resulting in oxygen transfer to the solvent molecules. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GVZhuang@lbl.gov NR 43 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 8 U2 104 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 8 BP A1162 EP A1167 DI 10.1149/1.1763771 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 841YV UT WOS:000222969500009 ER PT J AU Song, SW Reade, RP Cairns, EJ Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM Striebel, KA AF Song, SW Reade, RP Cairns, EJ Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM Striebel, KA TI Cu2Sb thin-film electrodes prepared by pulsed laser deposition for lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ION-BATTERIES; INTERMETALLIC ELECTRODES; CAPACITY; INSERTION; ANODE; INTERCALATION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; VOLTAMMETRY; PERFORMANCE AB Thin films of CU2Sb, prepared on stainless steel and copper substrates with a pulsed laser deposition technique at room temperature, have been evaluated as electrodes in lithium cells. The electrodes operate by a lithium insertion/copper extrusion reaction mechanism, the reversibility of which is superior when copper substrates are used, particularly when electrochemical cycling is restricted to the voltage range 0.65-1.4 V vs. Li/Li+. The superior performance Of CU2Sb films on copper is attributed to the more active participation of the extruded copper in the functioning of the electrode. The continual and extensive extrusion of copper on cycling the cells leads to the isolation of Li3Sb particles and a consequent formation of Sb. Improved cycling stability of both types of electrodes was obtained when cells were cycled between 0.65 and 1.4 V. A low-capacity lithium-ion cell with CU2Sb and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 electrodes, laminated from powders, shows excellent cycling stability over the voltage range 3.15-2.2 V, the potential difference corresponding to approximately 0.65-1.4 V for the CU2Sb electrode vs. Li/Li+. Chemical self-discharge of lithiated CU2Sb electrodes by reaction with the electrolyte was severe when cells were allowed to relax on open circuit after reaching a lower voltage limit of 0.1 V. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formed on CU2Sb electrodes after cells had been cycled between 1.4 and 0.65 V vs. Li/Li+ was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; the SEI layer contributes to the large irreversible capacity loss on the initial cycle of these cells. The data contribute to a better understanding of the electrochemical behavior of intermetallic electrodes in rechargeable lithium batteries. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kastriebel@lbl.gov RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 39 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 7 BP A1012 EP A1019 DI 10.1149/1.1758719 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 837YC UT WOS:000222676300011 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V Newman, J AF Srinivasan, V Newman, J TI Discharge model for the lithium iron-phosphate electrode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; INTERCALATION ELECTRODE; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; BATTERY CATHODES; NICKEL-HYDROXIDE; PROTON DIFFUSION; LIFEPO4; BEHAVIOR; CAPACITY AB This paper develops a mathematical model for lithium intercalation and phase change in an iron phosphate-based lithium-ion cell in order to understand the cause for the low power capability of the material. The juxtaposition of the two phases is assumed to be in the form of a shrinking core, where a shell of one phase covers a core of the second phase. Diffusion of lithium through the shell and the movement of the phase interface are described and incorporated into a porous electrode model consisting of two different particle sizes. Open-circuit measurements are used to estimate the composition ranges of the single-phase region. Model-experimental comparisons under constant current show that ohmic drops in the matrix phase, contact resistances between the current collector and the porous matrix, and transport limitations in the iron phosphate particle limit the power capability of the cells. Various design options, consisting of decreasing the ohmic drops, using smaller particles, and substituting the liquid electrolyte by a gel are explored, and their relative importance discussed. The model developed in this paper can be used as a means of optimizing the cell design to suit a particular application. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vsrinivasan@lbl.gov RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 46 TC 331 Z9 338 U1 27 U2 220 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 10 BP A1517 EP A1529 DI 10.1149/1.1785012 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 865BW UT WOS:000224678500001 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V Newman, J AF Srinivasan, V Newman, J TI Design and optimization of a natural graphite/iron phosphate lithium-ion cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; INSERTION CELL; BATTERIES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODE; CAPACITY; ANODES; INTERCALATION; PREDICTIONS; MODEL AB This paper uses a model for a natural graphite/lithium hexafluoro phosphate (ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate)/iron phosphate lithium-ion cell in order to study its performance and aid in its optimization. The model is used to generate Ragone plots for various designs, where both the average power of the cell and the peak power, defined at 80% depth-of-discharge for a 30 s pulse, are evaluated. This allows us to assess the ability of this chemistry to achieve the U.S. Department of Energy goals. The model is then used to maximize the specific energy of the cell by optimizing the design for a fixed time of discharge. The cell was optimized for the porosity and thickness of the positive electrode, while holding constant the capacity ratio of the two electrodes, the thickness and porosity of the separator, the electrolyte concentration, and the porosity of the negative electrode. The effect of the capacity ratio was qualitatively examined. The optimization was performed for discharge times ranging from 10 h to 2 min in order to map the maximum performance of this chemistry under a wide operating range. The study allows us to gauge the ability of this chemistry to be used in a particular application. The optimized designs derived in this paper are expected to be a starting point for battery manufacturers and to help decrease the time to commercialization. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vsrinivasan@lbl.gov RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 25 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 61 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 10 BP A1530 EP A1538 DI 10.1149/1.1785013 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 865BW UT WOS:000224678500002 ER PT J AU Striebel, KA Shim, J Cairns, EJ Kostecki, R Lee, YJ Reimer, J Richardson, TJ Ross, PN Song, X Zhuang, GV AF Striebel, KA Shim, J Cairns, EJ Kostecki, R Lee, YJ Reimer, J Richardson, TJ Ross, PN Song, X Zhuang, GV TI Diagnostic analysis of electrodes from high-power lithium-ion cells cycled under different conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI; BATTERIES; PERFORMANCE; GRAPHITE; IMPEDANCE; NMR AB Pouch-type lithium-ion cells, with graphite and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, were cycled over different ranges of depth of discharge (DOD) and at different temperatures. A combination of electrochemical, physical, and chemical diagnostic evaluations, including Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were carried out on the components removed from the cells to form a clear picture of the mechanism for capacity and power fade in this important cell chemistry. Both capacity fade and impedance rise were found to increase with cycling temperature and the span of DOD. The loss of cycleable Li, most likely due to solvent reduction on the anode, was linear in cell test time, and the room-temperature cells showed a solid electrolyte interface composition and degree of graphite disorder that roughly correlated with the extent of Li consumption. However, electrochemical analysis showed that the cathode was controlling performance loss in the cell. TEM and NMR showed evidence of crystalline defects and degradation of the Li-Ni environment, respectively, though no major new phases were identified, in agreement with the XRD results. FTIR analysis of the cathode revealed no evidence of polymeric deposits on the cathode particles, although both Raman and TEM showed evidence of P-containing deposits. Raman mapping showed a noticeable change of the active material/carbon surface concentration ratio for the cathode cycled 1000 times at 100% DOD as compared with that cycled to 70% DOD. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Striebel, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KASTRIEBEL@LBL.GOV RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012; OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591; Lee, Young Joo/0000-0002-5782-6431 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 6 BP A857 EP A866 DI 10.1149/1.1710514 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 821CL UT WOS:000221437300010 ER PT J AU Thomas-Alyea, KE Newman, J Chen, GY Richardson, TJ AF Thomas-Alyea, KE Newman, J Chen, GY Richardson, TJ TI Modeling the behavior of electroactive polymers for overcharge protection of lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; INSERTION CELL; ELECTRODES AB A continuum-scale model is presented to explain how electroactive polymers such as polythiophene can be used to provide overcharge protection for lithium-ion batteries. The model shows how the cell is transformed upon overcharge from a battery to a resistor with a resistivity that varies with position across the separator. Upon discharge or open circuit, self discharge transforms the resistor back into a battery, and normal cycling can be resumed. A simplified model yields a design equation that shows how the potential at which the cell shorts depends on the current density, separator thickness, and the variation of the electronic conductivity and the oxidation potential of the polymer with a degree of oxidation. The effect of these parameters on the transient and steady-state behavior of the short is explored. The shorting voltage is independent of the choice of positive electrode and scales with the potential of the charged negative electrode. Kinetic effects on the transient behavior and thermal effects are also considered. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas-Alyea, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kethomas@alumni.princeton.edu RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 4 BP A509 EP A521 DI 10.1149/1.1649232 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 808HR UT WOS:000220560700004 ER PT J AU Vollmer, JM Curtiss, LA Vissers, DR Amine, K AF Vollmer, JM Curtiss, LA Vissers, DR Amine, K TI Reduction mechanisms of ethylene, propylene, and vinylethylene carbonates - A quantum chemical study SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LITHIUM ELECTRODES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; BATTERIES; GRAPHITE; INTERCALATION; DECOMPOSITION; ENERGY AB Quantum chemical methods have been used to study reduction mechanisms of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), in electrolyte solutions. The feasibility of direct two-electron reduction of these species was assessed, and no barrier to reaction was found for the formation of Li2CO3 and 1,4-butadiene from VEC. In contrast EC and PC have barriers to reaction on the order of 0.5 eV. The ready formation of Li2CO3 when VEC is reduced may explain why it acts as a good passivating agent in lithium-ion cells. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vollmer, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 28 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 7 U2 51 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP A178 EP A183 DI 10.1149/1.1633765 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 755UA UT WOS:000187428800026 ER PT J AU Wang, CW Yi, YB Sastry, AM Shim, J Striebel, KA AF Wang, CW Yi, YB Sastry, AM Shim, J Striebel, KA TI Particle compression and conductivity in Li-ion anodes with graphite additives SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COATED NATURAL GRAPHITE; OVERLAPPING ELLIPSOIDS; LITHIUM BATTERIES; PERCOLATION; ELECTRODE; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITES AB We performed coupled theoretical/experimental studies on Li-ion cells to quantify reductions in anode resistivity and/or contact resistance between the matrix and the current collector with the addition of amorphous carbon coatings and anode compression. We also aimed to identify microstructural changes in constituent particles due to anode compression, using models of permeable-impermeable coatings of graphite particles. We studied three anode materials, SL-20, GDR-6 (6 wt % amorphous carbon coating), and GDR-14(14 wt % amorphous carbon coating). Four compression conditions (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/cm(2)) were examined. Experimental results indicated that electrical resistivities for unpressed materials were reduced with addition of amorphous carbon coating (for unpressed materials:rho(SL-20)>rho(GDR-6)>rho(GDR-14)). Contact resistances were reduced for SL-20 anodes by the application of pressure. Overall, the two-dimensional (2D) impermeable particle mathematical model provided reasonable agreement with the experiments for SL-20 and GDR-6 materials, indicating that coatings remain intact for these materials even at moderate pressures (100 and 200 kg/cm(2)). Conductivities of SL-20 and GDR-6 anodes exposed to the highest pressure (300 kg/cm(2)) fell short of model predictions, suggesting particle breakage. For the GDR-14 graphite, both 2D models underestimated conductivity for all processing conditions. We conclude that the 2D simulation approach is useful in determining the state of coating. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, CW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sastry@umich.edu RI Shin, Hosop/B-7381-2015 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 9 BP A1489 EP A1498 DI 10.1149/1.1783909 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 850OJ UT WOS:000223622000030 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Curtis, CJ Schulz, DL Zhang, JG AF Wang, JX Curtis, CJ Schulz, DL Zhang, JG TI Influences of treatment temperature and water content on capacity and rechargeability of V2O5 xerogel films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VANADIUM PENTOXIDE XEROGEL; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; AMORPHOUS V2O5; V-51 NMR; OXIDE; ELECTRODES; GELS; TRANSFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB V2O5 xerogel films prepared with spray deposition have been investigated for their lithium battery applications. The influences of spray deposition and postannealing temperatures on the water content, structure, and electrochemical performance of the films have been studied. Water contents of the V2O5.nH(2)O films depend on the deposition and postannealing temperatures. One film sprayed at 150degreesC and annealed at 190degreesC exhibited a large discharge capacity and the longest cycling life. By contrast, the films sprayed or annealed at high temperatures (>250degreesC) showed poor electrochemical performance. The film deposited at a substrate temperature of 420degreesC demonstrated structural features and electrochemical behavior of orthorhombic V2O5. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films treated at different temperatures reveal that removal of too much water at high temperatures results in crystallization or a small interlayer spacing, which may restrict the diffusion of lithium ions inside V2O5.nH(2)O films. V-51 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra show that the films annealed at low temperatures (i.e., 120degreesC or room temperature) have broad peaks and significant downfield isotropic chemical shifts, suggesting that the interlayered water produces a distorted square-pyramidal ligand field that may favor lithium intercalation and electron transfer within the matrix of the films. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), GenoRx Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP A1 EP A7 DI 10.1149/1.1627342 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 755UA UT WOS:000187428800001 ER PT J AU Xie, J More, KL Zawodzinski, TA Smith, WH AF Xie, J More, KL Zawodzinski, TA Smith, WH TI Porosimetry of MEAs made by "Thin film decal" method and its effect on performance of PEFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; GAS-DIFFUSION ELECTRODE; IONOMER SOLUTIONS; CATALYST LAYER; COLLOIDAL STRUCTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; ANODE; MEMBRANE; SUPPORT; CARBON AB Mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been used to characterize the pore size and distribution of carbon supports, with and without catalyst loading, and the catalyst layer of membrane electrolyte assemblies (MEAs) used in polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) applications. The majority of pores for carbon powders and catalyst loaded carbon powders concentrate in a range from 24 to 84 nm (in diam) with a small number of residual pores lying outside this range. The membrane electrode assembly catalyst layer prepared from recast Nafion and carbon supported catalyst has a different pore structure, determined by the type of catalyst used, the preparation method, and the total Nation content. The catalyst layer has two distinctive pore categories with boundary of similar to17 nm in diam. The specific pore volume of both the primary (small) pores and the secondary (large) pores decreases with an increase of Nafion content. Boiling the MEA tremendously increases the pore area. The Nafion content in the catalyst layer affects the performance of MEAs over the entire current range. The optimum performance was obtained with a Nafion content of 28 wt % for a Pt3Cr catalyst layer made by the thin film decal process. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xie, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jianxie@lanl.gov RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 36 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 11 BP A1841 EP A1846 DI 10.1149/1.1796991 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 868QK UT WOS:000224927900013 ER PT J AU Xie, J Garzon, F Zawodzinski, T Smith, W AF Xie, J Garzon, F Zawodzinski, T Smith, W TI Ionomer segregation in composite MEAs and its effect on polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS-DIFFUSION ELECTRODES; CATALYST LAYER; LOADING ELECTRODES; PLATINUM; IMPREGNATION; REDUCTION; FILM; PEFC; SPE AB Further characterization of the catalyst layer of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) prepared by the standard decal/hot-press-transfer method was carried out using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. It was discovered that a thin dense "skin," consisting primarily of Nation ionomer, formed on the outer surface of the catalyst layer of the completed MEA. The mechanism of the skin formation was attributed to the interaction between the dissolved ionomer in the catalyst ink solution and the hydrophobic Teflon decal surface during the decal fabrication process. The presence of a skin on the catalyst layer was found to diminish the performance of the fuel cell in the mass-transport region of the polarization curve. This suggested a slow rate of diffusion of oxygen through the skin. Removal of water formed in the cathode reaction would be expected to be slowed by the skin as well, leading to potential flooding of the cell at higher current densities. Modifications to the decal preparation procedure to prevent skin formation on the MEA catalyst layer include: use of a decal substrate with a less hydrophobic surface than Teflon, use of a single rather than multiple ink applications, and elimination of hydrophobic lubricants. The reduction/elimination of the skin results in significant improvement in performance in the high current region of the polarization Curve. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xie, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jianxie@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 7 BP A1084 EP A1093 DI 10.1149/1.1756887 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 837YC UT WOS:000222676300023 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Hardy, JS Walker, MS Xia, GG Simner, SP Stevenson, JW AF Yang, ZG Hardy, JS Walker, MS Xia, GG Simner, SP Stevenson, JW TI Structure and conductivity of thermally grown scales on ferritic Fe-Cr-Mn steel for SOFC interconnect applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; CHROMIUM-CONTAINING ALLOY; RESISTANT ALLOYS; DEGRADATION; CATHODE; ELECTRODES; SEPARATOR AB With the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that operate in the intermediate temperature range of 650-800degreesC, ferritic stainless steels have become promising candidate materials for interconnects in SOFC stacks. The SOFC interconnect requires that the alloy possess not only excellent surface stability, but also high electrical conductivity through the oxide scale that forms at elevated temperatures and contributes to the alloy's surface stability. It appears that ferritic Fe-Cr-Mn alloys may be potential candidates due to the formation of an electrically conductive scale containing (Mn, Cr)(3)O-4 spinel. To improve the understanding of scale growth on manganese-containing ferritic stainless steels and evaluate their suitability for use in SOFC interconnects, the oxidation behavior (i.e., growth kinetics, composition, and structure of the oxide scale) and the scale electrical conductivity of a commercially available Fe-Cr-Mn steel developed specifically for SOFC applications were investigated. The results are reported and compared with those of conventional ferritic stainless steel compositions. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 40 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 11 BP A1825 EP A1831 DI 10.1149/1.1797031 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 868QK UT WOS:000224927900010 ER PT J AU Chidambaram, D Clayton, CR Kendig, MW Halada, GP AF Chidambaram, D Clayton, CR Kendig, MW Halada, GP TI Surface pretreatments of aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 and formation of chromate conversion coatings - II. Composition and electrochemical behavior of the chromate conversion coating SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTION; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CORROSION PROTECTION; ANODIC FILMS; AL-ALLOYS; CHROMIUM; 2024-T3; MECHANISM; REPASSIVATION; PERFORMANCE AB Aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 samples, subjected to various pretreatments, were conversion coated using Alodine 1200S. The ratio of hexavalent chromium to total chromium in the chromate conversion coating (CCC) was determined by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. The hexavalent chromium content of the CCC formed on AA2024-T3 varied with the method of pretreatment. The coated surfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the surface composition of the coatings. Cr(VI) forms the major constituent (46-74% of total chromium) on the surface. Protective passive films of aluminum oxide and aluminum phosphate inhibit the formation of CCCs. Corrosion behavior of the CCCs were studied using open-circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Conversion coated alloys exhibited up to 40-fold higher corrosion resistance when compared to bare pretreated alloys. EIS behavior was modeled using a seven-element equivalent circuit. EIS results indicated industrially used bromate pretreatment to be best suited for CCC formation. Coupling the AA2024-T3 alloy with platinum during bromate pretreatment resulted in lowering the amount of copper intermetallics on the surface. This led to an increase in the corrosion resistance of the subsequently formed CCC by over an order of magnitude as compared to CCCs formed following alternative pretreatments. Therefore, this simple modification of coupling this alloy with platinum is recommended. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Rockwell Sci Co, Surface & Electrochem Proc Dept, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Chidambaram, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dchidamb@ic.sunysb.edu RI Chidambaram, Dev/B-2967-2008 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 11 BP B613 EP B620 DI 10.1149/1.1806393 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 868QK UT WOS:000224927900039 ER PT J AU Chidambaram, D Clayton, CR Halada, GP Kendig, MW AF Chidambaram, D Clayton, CR Halada, GP Kendig, MW TI Surface pretreatments of aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 and formation of chromate conversion coatings - I. Composition and electrochemical behavior of the oxide film SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; STAINLESS-STEEL; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; INITIAL HYDRATION; COPPER ALLOYS; BOILING WATER; BIPOLAR MODEL; PASSIVITY AB Aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 has been subjected to various pretreatments including those routinely carried out in the industry prior to conversion coating of the alloy. The surface chemistry of the samples after pretreatment was analyzed using variable angle X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VAXPS). Electrochemical techniques were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the samples in quiescent 0.05 M NaCl solution. The results were compared with those obtained from an untreated sample used in as-received condition that acted as a control. The surface of the alloy was observed to be enriched in copper and magnesium after certain pretreatments. Composition of the surface oxide film as well as the electrochemical behavior was found to vary significantly depending on the pretreatment. In all cases, the overlayer formed on the alloy was less than the sampling depth of the XPS (similar to90 Angstrom). Pretreatment of the alloy using Alconox(R) was found to result in the formation of a highly protective aluminum oxide (Al2O3) surface film. The corrosion current of the samples was observed to be directly proportional to the aluminum oxyhydroxide content of the film, while the polarization resistance of the sample was inversely proportional to the surface copper content. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Rockwell Sci Co, Surface & Electrochem Proc Dept, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Chidambaram, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dechidambara@notes.cc.stonyb.edu RI Chidambaram, Dev/B-2967-2008 NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 11 BP B605 EP B612 DI 10.1149/1.1804811 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 868QK UT WOS:000224927900038 ER PT J AU Hebert, KR Gessmann, T Lynn, KG Asoka-Kumar, P AF Hebert, KR Gessmann, T Lynn, KG Asoka-Kumar, P TI Positron annihilation spectroscopy study of interfacial defects formed by anodic oxidation of aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TREATMENTS; OXIDE-FILMS; DISSOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; IMPURITY; LEAD AB Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) measurements were carried out to characterize open-volume defects associated with anodic oxidation of aluminum. The annihilation fractions with low and high momentum electrons (S and W spectral lineshape parameters, respectively) of the annihilation photopeak were determined, as a function of the positron beam energy. A subsurface defect layer, containing nanometer-scale voids in the metal near the metal/oxide film interface, was found after oxide growth, and was shown to contain new voids created by anodizing. Such interfacial voids in the metal are of interest because of their possible role as corrosion initiation sites. The S parameter characterizing the defect-containing layer (S(d)) was obtained by simulation of the S-energy profiles. On samples with two different surface conditions, S(d) remained constant at its initial value during anodizing. Because S(d) is related to the void volume fraction in the interfacial metallic layer containing the voids, that result suggests that formation of metallic voids, and their subsequent incorporation into the growing oxide layer, occurred repeatedly at specific favored sites. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hebert, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM krhebert@iastate.edu NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP B22 EP B26 DI 10.1149/1.1631821 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 755UA UT WOS:000187428800030 ER PT J AU Huang, R Hebert, KR Chumbley, LS AF Huang, R Hebert, KR Chumbley, LS TI Microscopic observations of voids in anodic oxide films on aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE TREATMENTS; DEFECTS; DISSOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION; IMPURITY; FOILS; LEAD AB The relationship was explored between nanoscale voids in anodic aluminum oxide films and the surface condition of aluminum samples prior to anodizing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detected voids on the order of 10 nm in anodic films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of these films, obtained after partial oxide dissolution, revealed surface cavities; comparison of TEM and AFM suggested that the cavities were the oxide voids. AFM images after variable extents of oxide dissolution showed that the voids were distributed evenly through the inner 60% of the film thickness, indicating that they were formed at the metal-oxide interface during film growth. Both AFM and TEM showed that the void concentration in the film was sensitive to the extent of dissolution of the aluminum samples in NaOH prior to anodizing. Positron annihilation spectroscopy had previously detected voids in samples without anodic films, located in the metal near the oxide-metal interface; the quantity of these interfacial voids was controlled by NaOH dissolution. The void concentration in the inner part of the anodic films was proportional to the quantity of these pre-existing interfacial voids. It was inferred that the oxide voids were formed by incorporation, during anodizing, of interfacial metal voids into the oxide film. The uniform concentration of oxide voids in the inner film suggested that interfacial metal voids formed continuously during anodizing and that metal voids were generated repeatedly at specific interfacial sites during film growth. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huang, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM krhebert@iastate.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 7 BP B379 EP B386 DI 10.1149/1.1753582 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 837YC UT WOS:000222676300026 ER PT J AU Ilevbare, GO Schneider, O Kelly, RG Scully, JR AF Ilevbare, GO Schneider, O Kelly, RG Scully, JR TI In situ confocal laser scanning microscopy of AA 2024-T3 corrosion metrology - I. Localized corrosion of particles SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY 2024-T3; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PITTING CORROSION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; INTERMETALLIC PHASES; AA2024-T3; INITIATION; BEHAVIOR; AL2CUMG AB The morphology of attack at and around the intermetallic compounds (IMC) present on bare AA 2024-T3 was studied in situ using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Exposures were conducted in 0.1 M Na2SO4 + 0.005 M NaCl at pH 3, 6, and 10 as well as near-neutral 0.5 M NaCl. The types of attack observed could be categorized as matrix and IMC pitting, trenching adjacent to IMC, and matrix etching. The electrochemical behavior of bulk synthesized Al-Cu, Al-Cu-Mg, and Al-Cu-Fe-Mn intermetallic compounds as well as that of AA2024-T3 was used to rationalize the observed attack metrology. The galvanic coupling between the AA2024-T3 matrix and the intermetallic particles controlled the attack rates. In Al-Cu-Mg, the strong polarization to the open-circuit potential of the alloy caused rapid dissolution (ca. 10 mA/cm(2)), whereas for the Al-Cu-Fe-Mn the dissolution rates were on the order of 100 mA/cm(2). The limited dissolution rates of the Al-Cu-Fe-Mn phase were due to the cathodic polarization of these particles by the matrix under open-circuit conditions. Several pits were initiated at large Al-Cu-Mg particles. These pits were stable within the Al-Cu-Mg phase, but could not form stable pits in the alloy matrix during open-circuit corrosion. Calculation of growth rates and pit stability products for the individual IMC emphasized the role of metastable pitting in the observed corrosion metrology, which developed on AA2024-T3 during open-circuit corrosion. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Ilevbare, GO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM oliver.schneider@tu-clausthal.de NR 50 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 8 BP B453 EP B464 DI 10.1149/1.1764780 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 841YV UT WOS:000222969500030 ER PT J AU Wall, FD Martinez, MA Vandenavyle, JJ AF Wall, FD Martinez, MA Vandenavyle, JJ TI Relationship between induction time for pitting and pitting potential for high-purity aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANODIC ALUMINA; MIGRATION; CORROSION; IONS; CL AB The objective of this study was to determine if a distribution of pit induction times (from potentiostatic experiments) could be used to predict a distribution of pitting potentials (from potentiodynamic experiments) for high-purity aluminum. Pit induction times were measured for 99.99 Al in 50 mM NaCl at potentials of -0.35, -0.3, -0.25, and -0.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode. Analysis of the data showed that the pit germination rate generally was an exponential function of the applied potential; however, a subset of the germination rate data appeared to be mostly potential insensitive. The germination rate behavior was used as an input into a mathematical relationship that provided a prediction of pitting potential distribution. Good general agreement was found between the predicted distribution and an experimentally determined pitting potential distribution, suggesting that the relationships presented here provide a suitable means for quantitatively describing pit germination rate. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wall, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 6 BP B354 EP B358 DI 10.1149/1.1731487 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 821CL UT WOS:000221437300031 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Walker, MS Singh, P Stevenson, JW Norby, T AF Yang, ZG Walker, MS Singh, P Stevenson, JW Norby, T TI Oxidation behavior of ferritic stainless steels under SOFC interconnect exposure conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; WATER-VAPOR; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CORROSION; ALLOYS; IRON; ENVIRONMENTS; CHROMIUM; HYDROGEN AB The oxidation of ferritic stainless steels has been studied under solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect "dual'' exposure conditions, i.e., simultaneous exposure to air on one side of the sample, and moist hydrogen as the fuel on the other side. The scales grown on the air side under these dual exposure SOFC conditions can be significantly different from scales grown on samples exposed to air on both sides. In contrast, no substantial difference was observed between scales grown on the fuel side of the dual atmosphere samples and scales grown on samples exposed to moist hydrogen on both sides. The anomalous oxidation of stainless steels at the air side depends on both alloy composition and thermal history. AISI430, with 17% Cr, suffered localized attack via formation of Fe2O3 hematite-rich nodules on the air side of dual exposure samples, while the spinel top layer of the air side scale of Crofer22 APU (23% Cr) was enriched in iron. For E-brite, with the highest Cr content (27%), no unusual phases were found in the scale on the air side, but the air side scale was less dense and appeared to be more prone to defects than the scale grown in air only. Increasing temperature and thermal cycling both accelerated the anomalous oxidation, which appeared to be related to the transport of hydrogen through the steel and its subsequent presence in the air side scale. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oslo, Ctr Mat Sci, Dept Chem, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013; OI Norby, Truls/0000-0003-0909-0439 NR 39 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 12 BP B669 EP B678 DI 10.1149/1.1810393 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 870OY UT WOS:000225068500036 ER PT J AU Chae, Y Houf, WG McDaniel, AH Troup, J Allendorf, MD AF Chae, Y Houf, WG McDaniel, AH Troup, J Allendorf, MD TI Stagnation flow reactor investigation of tin oxide CVD from monobutyltin trichloride SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAS SENSORS; THIN-FILMS; TETRAMETHYLTIN; GLASS; CHEMISTRY; OXYGEN; LINE AB Tin oxide (SnO2) chemical vapor deposition from monobutyltin trichloride (MBTC) was performed in a stagnation flow reactor at reduced pressures (15-100 Torr) and temperatures of 573-923 K. Growth from MBTC/O-2 mixtures exhibits multiple activation energies, decreasing from 18.8 +/- 1.1 kcal mol(-1) at temperatures less than or equal to 673 K to 11.4 +/- 1.1 kcal mol(-1) at temperatures >673 K, indicating a change from one growth mechanism to another. Heterogeneous chemistry governs growth from these precursors at less than or equal to 673 K and most likely at higher temperatures as well, although previous work suggests that gas-phase MBTC pyrolysis/oxidation may begin to contribute at the highest temperatures examined here. The pressure dependence of the MBTC/O-2 growth rate indicates an approach to the mass-transport limit at 923 K. In growth from MBTC/O-2/H2O mixtures, deposition rates are dramatically higher than those produced by MBTC/O-2 (by a factor of over 20 at the lowest substrate temperatures). Potential mechanisms responsible for this increase in rate include both fully heterogeneous processes and rapid formation of a reactive MBTC-H2O complex. We conclude that multiple reaction pathways, including both gas-phase and surface processes, must be considered to develop a robust model of tin oxide growth from typical MBTC precursor mixtures. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. PPG Ind Inc, Glass Technol Ctr, Harmar Township, PA 15238 USA. RP Chae, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 8 BP C527 EP C534 DI 10.1149/1.1760993 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 841YV UT WOS:000222969500037 ER PT J AU Caputo, D Bacciaglia, P Carpanese, C Polignano, ML Lazzeri, P Bersani, M Vanzetti, L Pianetta, P Moro, L AF Caputo, D Bacciaglia, P Carpanese, C Polignano, ML Lazzeri, P Bersani, M Vanzetti, L Pianetta, P Moro, L TI Quantitative evaluation of iron at the silicon surface after wet cleaning treatments SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL CONTAMINATION; LIFETIME TECHNIQUES; QUANTIFICATION; PHOTOVOLTAGE; WAFERS AB In this work a systematic comparison of total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), synchrotron radiation-TXRF (SR-TXRF), time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, lifetime, and deep level transient spectroscopy data of iron concentration is carried out. SR-TXRF is considered as a reference for the other techniques. Reasonably good correlations are obtained, though, as expected, SR-TXRF exhibits the maximum sensitivity among surface techniques. Among lifetime measurements, the electrolytic metal analysis tool (ELYMAT) technique shows the best sensitivity at very low concentrations. A method is developed to elaborate ELYMAT data in order to quantify iron concentration when more contaminants are simultaneously present. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 ST Microelect, I-20041 Agrate Brianza, MI, Italy. ITC Irst, I-38050 Trent, Italy. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Caputo, D (reprint author), ST Microelect, I-20041 Agrate Brianza, MI, Italy. EM marialuisa.polignano@st.com NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 5 BP G289 EP G296 DI 10.1149/1.1668993 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 821CI UT WOS:000221436900047 ER PT J AU Williams, LC Norton, D Budai, J Holloway, PH AF Williams, LC Norton, D Budai, J Holloway, PH TI Cathodoluminescence from thin film Zn2GeO4 : Mn phosphor grown by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-VOLTAGE CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ZNGA2O4 AB Low voltage cathodoluminescent (CL) characteristics of Zn2GeO4 : Mn thin-film phosphors grown by pulsed laser deposition were investigated. The effects of substrate heating (600-750 degreesC) and substrate type (MgO, Si, and yttria-stabilized zirconia) on the cathodoluminescent properties were studied. A characteristic green emission peak at 540 nm was observed at substrate temperatures of 650, 700, or 750 degreesC. However, the emission was red shifted to 650 nm for a substrate temperature of 600 degreesC. The red shift in emission wavelengths from 540 to 650 nm was attributed to a change in ionic state of the activator from Mn2+ to Mn4+. While the spectral position was independent of substrate type, the relative intensities of the cathodoluminescent emission peak varied with both substrate type as well as substrate temperature. At a substrate temperature of 600 degreesC, the crystal structure of the film was mixed polycrystalline and amorphous. However, at substrate temperatures ranging from 650-750 degreesC, the films were only polycrystalline with varying degrees of crystallinity that correlated with the CL intensity. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Williams, LC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lizandra@ufl.edu NR 10 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 8 BP H188 EP H191 DI 10.1149/1.1767159 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 841YV UT WOS:000222969500064 ER PT J AU Hardy, JS Kim, JY Weil, KS AF Hardy, JS Kim, JY Weil, KS TI Joining mixed conducting oxides using an air-fired electrically conductive braze SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS AB The lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrites (LSCF) are a well-known family of mixed oxygen-ionic/electronic conductors that are of interest for use in high-temperature electrochemical devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen separation membranes. One of the challenges however in developing these types of devices is joining the constituent metallic and ceramic components, particularly with a technique that is compatible with the electrochemically active membrane materials. A new joining process has been developed which employs a silver-copper oxide braze material. In the present study, we found that braze compositions containing between 1.4 and 16 mol % CuO offer the best combination of wettability, joint strength, and electrical conductivity. Our results indicate that the wettability of the Ag-CuO brazes on LSCF substrates increases with CuO content and that electrical conductivity through the joint remains high as long as the silver content is greater than 66 mol %. Results from long-term, high-temperature resistance experiments confirmed the latter finding, as minimal degradation in conductivity was observed in the various test joints over 500 h of testing at 750 degreesC. Data obtained from three-point bend testing showed that joints formed with a braze composition of 1.4 and 16 mol % CuO displayed maximal average flexural strength. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 PAcific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hardy, JS (reprint author), PAcific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 8 BP J43 EP J49 DI 10.1149/1.1764782 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 841YV UT WOS:000222969500067 ER PT J AU Antti, ML Lara-Curzio, E Warren, R AF Antti, ML Lara-Curzio, E Warren, R TI Thermal degradation of an oxide fibre (Nextel 720)/aluminosilicate composite SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE composites; fibres; mechanical properties; Nextel fibres; thermal degradation ID CARBON-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CERAMIC COMPOSITE; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; TENSILE; SILICA AB The effect of thermal exposure on the microstructure and tensile stress-strain behaviour has been investigated for composites of woven continuous oxide fibres (Nextel 720) in a porous aluminosilicate matrix. The tensile tests were carried out on straight-sided, centre hole notched plates with 0/90degrees and 45degrees orientations. The as-received material was slightly notch sensitive in that the net section fracture stress decreased somewhat with increasing hole diameter but much less than predicted for an ideally elastic, fully notch-sensitive material. After exposure at 1100 degreesC and for long time at 1000 degreesC in air the composite was embrittled. In the 0/90 composite this resulted in a reduced fracture strength, a reduced strain to failure as well as a reduced fracture toughness and damage zone size. After exposure for 100 h at 1100 degreesC (the most extreme exposure applied) the material also became significantly more notch sensitive and had failure characteristics similar to those of a monolithic ceramic. The +/-45 composite was also embrittled which resulted in a reduced strain to failure but an increase in fracture strength. Density measurements and observations on the microstructure and fracture surfaces indicated that the embrittlement was due mainly to localised densification of the matrix and an increase in fibre/matrix bonding. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lulea Univ Technol, Div Engn Mat, Lulea, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Malmo Univ, Mat Sci Grp, Div Innovat Prod & Management, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. RP Antti, ML (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Div Engn Mat, Lulea, Sweden. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 565 EP 578 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00250-4 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 744UY UT WOS:000186652300002 ER PT J AU Fonseca, FC Souza, JA Jardim, RF Muccillo, R Muccillo, ENS Gouvea, D Jung, MH Lacerda, AH AF Fonseca, FC Souza, JA Jardim, RF Muccillo, R Muccillo, ENS Gouvea, D Jung, MH Lacerda, AH TI Transport properties of La0.6Y0.1Ca0.3MnO3 compounds with different interfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Electronic Ceramics and Their Applications (ELECTROCERAMICS VIII) CY AUG 25-28, 2002 CL Pontificia Univ Lateranensis, Rome, ITALY SP Univ Rom Tor Vergata, Italian Consortium Sci & Technol Mat, EU COST Act 525, CNR, Italian Minist Educ, Univ & Res HO Pontificia Univ Lateranensis DE perovskites; porosity; magnetoresistance; impedance ID PHASE-SEPARATION; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; MN AB The electrical resistivity rho(T), magnetoresistivity rho(T,H), and impedance spectroscopy Z(omega,T) of polycrystalline La0.6Y0.1 Ca0.3MnO3 compounds with different intergranular surfaces were investigated. The interfaces were modified through controlled addition of pores in samples prepared by the sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury porosimetry analysis showed that all specimens are single phase having similar microstructures and differing only by the volume fraction of pore. rho(TH) and Z(omega,T) data revealed that all samples undergo a metal-insulator transition at Tsimilar to175 K. In addition, the Z(omega,T) data indicate two well defined contributions to the electrical resistivity. The rho(T,H) data exhibit features of colossal magnetoresistivity CMR phenomenon but were found to be independent of porosity. The combined results suggest that the CMR effect is mainly associated with percolation of metallic regions and weakly dependent on sample morphology. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. IPEN CNEN SP, CCTM, CMDMC, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. IPEN CNEN SP, CCTM, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. EM riardim@if.usp.br RI Souza, Jose/G-5555-2012; Gouvea, Douglas/E-4041-2013; Muccillo, R. /G-8440-2012; Jardim, Renato/J-8068-2014; Fonseca, Fabio/C-8361-2009; Muccillo, Eliana/C-2959-2012 OI Souza, Jose/0000-0002-6832-3581; Gouvea, Douglas/0000-0003-3607-8793; Muccillo, R. /0000-0002-8598-279X; Jardim, Renato/0000-0002-2000-0257; Fonseca, Fabio/0000-0003-0708-2021; Muccillo, Eliana/0000-0001-9219-388X NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00446-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 778NN UT WOS:000189247800075 ER PT J AU Qi, L Lee, BI Badheka, PB Yoon, DH Samuels, WD Exarhos, GJ AF Qi, L Lee, BI Badheka, PB Yoon, DH Samuels, WD Exarhos, GJ TI Short-range dissolution-precipitation crystallization of hydrothermal barium titanate SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BaTiO3 and titanates; perovskites; hydrothermal methods; crystallisation ID NANOCRYSTALLINE BATIO3; PARTICLE FORMATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; POWDERS; CONVERSION; MECHANISM; KINETICS; RUTILE AB A modified autoclave was used to investigate the crystallization mechanism of BaTiO3 during the hydrothermal reaction of Ba(OH)(2) and TiO2 anatase. An uneven distribution of the crystallized BaTiO3 particles was observed: more than 99 wt.% of total BaTiO3 particles remained where the precursor TiO2 was put; less than I wt.% was collected from the areas away from the TiO2. According to the experimental observations in this work and proofs reported in the literature, we propose that the crystallization mechanism is dissolution-precipitation in nature, but the soluble Ti4+ species can only redisperse in a short distance away from TiO2 particles before precipitation. In other words, the nucleation of hydrothermal BaTiO3 starts at a low concentration of Ti4+. The mechanism of the Ba(OH)(2)-Ti(OH)(4) reaction is a fast dehydration process. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, BI (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Olin Hall 114, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM burt.lee@ces.clemson.edu NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 13 BP 3553 EP 3557 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2003.12.007 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 845KW UT WOS:000223242500010 ER PT J AU May, EE Vouk, MA Bitzer, DL Rosnick, DI AF May, EE Vouk, MA Bitzer, DL Rosnick, DI TI An error-correcting code framework for genetic sequence analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Genomics, Signal Processing and Statistics (GENSIPS) CY OCT 08, 2002 CL Raleigh, NC DE coding theory; translation initiation; information theory; biological coding theory; error correcting codes ID TRANSLATION INITIATION SITES; PROTEIN-CODING GENES; INFORMATION-THEORY; DNA-SEQUENCES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR MACHINES; ENTROPY; COMPUTATION; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION AB A fundamental challenge for engineering communication systems is the problem of transmitting information from the source to the receiver over a noisy channel. This same problem exists in a biological system. How can information required for the proper functioning of a cell, an organism, or a species be transmitted in an error introducing environment? Source codes (compression codes) and channel codes (error-correcting codes) address this problem in engineering communication systems. The ability to extend these information theory concepts to study information transmission in biological systems can contribute to the general understanding of biological communication mechanisms and extend the field of coding theory into the biological domain. In this work, we review and compare existing coding theoretic methods for modeling genetic systems. We introduce a new error-correcting code framework for understanding translation initiation, at the cellular level and present research results for Escherichia coli K-12. By studying translation initiation, we hope to gain insight into potential error-correcting aspects of genomic sequences and systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of The Franklin Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP May, EE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, POB 5800,MS 0310, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eemay@sandia.gov NR 79 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 341 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2003.12.009 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 807TY UT WOS:000220525000007 ER PT J AU Quong, AA Kercher, JR McCready, PM Quong, JN Sokhansanj, BA Fitch, JP AF Quong, AA Kercher, JR McCready, PM Quong, JN Sokhansanj, BA Fitch, JP TI An indexed modeling and experimental strategy for biosignatures of pathogen and host SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Genomics, Signal Processing and Statistics (GENSIPS) CY OCT 08, 2002 CL Raleigh, NC DE fuzzy logic; gene expression; modeling; genetic algorithm; signature ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB In information theory, a signature is characterized by the information content as well as IPF noise statistics of the communication channel. Biosignatures have analogous properties. A biosignature can be associated with a particular attribute of a pathogen or a host. However, the signature may be lost in backgrounds of similar or even identical signals from other sources. In this paper, we highlight statistical and signal processing challenges associated with identifying good biosignatures for pathogens in host and other environments. In some cases, it may be possible to identify useful signatures of pathogens through indirect but amplified signals from the host. Discovery of these signatures requires new approaches to modeling and data interpretation. Finally, an understanding of pathways (or gene networks) that are modified through host-pathogen interactions will result in better detectors as well as opportunities in vaccines and therapeutics. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of The Franklin Institute. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Chem & Biol Natl Secur Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Quong, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Chem & Biol Natl Secur Program, POB 808,L-235, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM quong2@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 341 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2003.12.017 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 807TY UT WOS:000220525000010 ER PT J AU Peleg, A Chertkov, M Gabitov, I AF Peleg, A Chertkov, M Gabitov, I TI Inelastic interchannel collisions of pulses in optical fibers in the presence of third-order dispersion SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLITON DATA-TRANSMISSION; INTERACTION FORCES; WAVELENGTH; PROPAGATION; SYSTEMS AB We study the effect of third-order dispersion on the interaction between two solitons from different frequency channels in an optical fiber. The interaction may be viewed as an inelastic collision in which energy is lost to continuous radiation owing to nonzero third-order dispersion. We develop a perturbation theory with two small parameters: the third-order dispersion coefficient d(3) and the reciprocal of the interchannel frequency difference 1/Omega. In the leading order the amplitude of the emitted radiation is proportional to d(3)/Omega(2), and the source term for this radiation is identical to the one produced by perturbation of the second-order dispersion coefficient. The only other effects up to the third order are shifts in the soliton's phase and position. Our results show that the statistical description of soliton propagation in a given channel influenced by interaction with a quasi-random sequence of solitons from other channels is similar to the description of soliton propagation in fibers with weak disorder in the second-order dispersion coefficient. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peleg, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.000018 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 759EH UT WOS:000187725000003 ER PT J AU Itoh, KM Watanabe, M Ootuka, Y Haller, EE Ohtsuki, T AF Itoh, KM Watanabe, M Ootuka, Y Haller, EE Ohtsuki, T TI Complete scaling analysis of the metal-insulator transition in Ge : Ga: Effects of doping-compensation and magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE doped semiconductor; metal-insulator transition; scaling theory; Mott-Anderson transition; hopping conduction ID TRANSMUTATION-DOPED GE-70-GA; CRITICAL CONDUCTIVITY EXPONENT; LOW-TEMPERATURE CONDUCTIVITY; ANDERSON TRANSITION; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; SI-B; HOPPING CONDUCTION; LOCALIZATION; GERMANIUM AB We report on the complete scaling analysis of low temperature electron transport properties with and without magnetic field in the critical regime for the metal-insulator transition in two series of homogeneously doped p-type Ge samples: i) nominally uncompensated neutron-transmutation-doped (NTD) Ge-70:Ga samples with the technological compensation ratio K < 0.001, and ii) intentionally compensated NTD Ge-nat:Ga,As samples with K = 0.32. For the case of the uncompensated series in zero magnetic field, the critical exponents mu, v, and zeta determined for the electrical conductivity (sigma), localization length (xi), and impurity dielectric susceptability (chi(imp)), respectively, change at the very vicinity of the critical Ga concentration (N similar to N-c) Namely, the anomalous critical exponents, e.g. mu approximate to 0.5, change to mu approximate to 1 only within the region 0.99N(c) < N < 1.01N(c). On the other hand, the same critical behavior, mu approximate to 1, was found for the K = 0.32 series in much larger region 0.25N(c) < N < 2.4N(c) This finding suggests that the it mu approximate to 1 critical behavior observed for the nominally uncompensated series in the extremely narrow region is due to the presence of the self-compensation of acceptors by native defects and/or technologically unavoidable very small amount of doping compensation (K < 0.001). Therefore, the width of the concentration that can be fitted with mu approximate to 1 around N-c is likely to scale with the degree of compensation (K), and disappears in the limit K --> 0, i.e., only the region with the anomalous exponent mu approximate to 0.5 remains for the case of K = 0. An externally applied magnetic field to nominally uncompensated samples also broadens the width of mu approximate to 1 around N-c, but with a mechanism clearly different from that of compensation. The unified description of our experimental results unambiguously establishes the values of the critical exponents mu, v, zeta and for doped semiconductors with and without compensation and magnetic field. C1 Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Phys Informat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RIKEN, FRS, Macroscop Quantum Coherence Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba Res Ctr Interdisciplinary Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sophia Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1028544, Japan. RP Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Phys Informat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RI Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 NR 60 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.73.173 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 768XD UT WOS:000188595200028 ER PT J AU Wunderlich, B AF Wunderlich, B TI The tribulations and successes on the road from DSC to TMDSC in the 20th century the prospects for the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE baseline; DSC; DTA; glass transition; heat capacity; melting transition; microcalorimetry; nanophase; phase; reversible melting; reversing melting; temperature-modulated DSC; thermodynamics; TMDSC ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; GLASS-TRANSITION REGION; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED CALORIMETRY; HEAT-CAPACITY; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; POLYETHYLENE; CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MACROMOLECULES; POLYSTYRENE AB All started with the invention of differential thermal analysis, DTA at the beginning of the 20th century. The tool was qualitative in the measurement of heat, but quantitative in measuring temperature. The differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, became popular in the 1970s. In certain temperature regions, it could replace even the more precise, but cumbersome, classical technique of adiabatic calorimetry. A large volume of quantitative thermodynamic information was accumulated. Both equilibrium and non-equilibrium data were collected. Unfortunately, the qualitative applications of the DSC grew even faster and overshadowed the quantitative capabilities of measurement of heat. The newer temperature-modulated DSC, TMDSC, makes use of the same instrumentation and seems to follow the same fate, despite the fact, that it can distinguish equilibrium from non-equilibrium, a key information needed in the thermodynamic description of materials. Seeing the growth of these efficient techniques, one could conclude that all questions one might have wanted to ask in 1900 can be answered now. A new question, however, has become important in the 21st century: What happens at the nanophase level and in the description of very fast processes? Are we able to learn from the past, or are we again to stay at the level of qualitative DTA? C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37886 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37886 USA. EM athas@utk.edu NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2004 VL 78 IS 1 BP 7 EP 31 DI 10.1023/B:JTAN.0000042150.03836.27 PG 25 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 855NI UT WOS:000223979900002 ER PT J AU Boatman, RJ Corley, RA Green, T Klaunig, JE Udden, MM AF Boatman, RJ Corley, RA Green, T Klaunig, JE Udden, MM TI Review of studies concerning the tumorigenicity of 2-butoxyethanol in B6C3F1 mice and its relevance for human risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; BUTOXYACETIC ACID; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTES; MAJOR METABOLITE; SPLENIC TOXICITY; HEMOLYSIS; RAT; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; CARCINOGENESIS AB The U. S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) has completed 2-yr inhalation exposures in rats and mice with 2-butoxyethanol (BE). This review concerns the most significant findings from those studies and describes recent research into the mechanistic aspects of BE-mediated tumorigenesis in the mouse and the relevance of such effects to humans. Two tumor types were increased in B6C3F1 mice leading to the classification of "some evidence" of carcinogenicity: liver hemangiosarcomas in male mice and forestomach tumors in female mice (primarily benign papillomas). The results of research collected to date indicate that the tumorigenesis noted for BE was produced by indirect mechanisms. In particular, the occurrence of liver hemangiosarcomas in male mice has been linked to oxidative damage subsequent to red blood cell hemolysis and iron deposition in this organ. Oral administration of BE in mice up to 600 mg/kg/d for up to 90 d produces a dose-related increase in iron (Perl's staining) in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes, increased DNA synthesis in endothelial cells, and enhanced oxidative damage. Further, iron alone, and not BE or BAA, is responsible for producing oxidative damage in cultured hepatocytes from rats or mice. Forestomach neoplasms in female mice were most likely a result of prolonged exposure-induced irritation with compensatory hyperplasia and subsequent tumor promotion. This mechanism is supported by studies indicating elevated levels of BE and BAA in the mouse forestomach tissues and stomach contents following multiple routes of exposure, forestomach epithelial cell cytotoxicity and cell proliferation following administration of BE and BAA, and the increased capacity of forestomach tissues from female mice to metabolize BE to the more irritating metabolite, BAA. The current article summarizes the results of a number of in vivo and in vitro studies designed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis by BE in the mouse and discusses the relevance of these for human risk. C1 Eastman Kodak Co, Hlth & Environm Labs, Rochester, NY 14652 USA. PAcific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Div Toxicol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Hematol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Boatman, RJ (reprint author), Eastman Kodak Co, Hlth & Environm Labs, 1100 Ridgeway Ave, Rochester, NY 14652 USA. EM rodney.boatman@kodak.com NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1080/10937400490498084 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 848ZN UT WOS:000223507000003 PM 15371241 ER PT J AU Sato, Y Johnson, TF Chiang, S Giacomo, JA Zhu, XD Land, DP Nolting, F Scholl, A AF Sato, Y Johnson, TF Chiang, S Giacomo, JA Zhu, XD Land, DP Nolting, F Scholl, A TI Magnetic domain structures in ultrathin FexNi(1-x) films on Cu(111): Dependence on film thickness and stoichiometry SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID DICHROISM; ALLOYS; MICROSCOPY; YIELD; FENI AB The magnetic domain structures in thin FexNi(1-x) alloy films grown on Cu(111) have been investigated by the photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). By tuning the photon energy to respective x-ray absorption edges, element-specific information can be obtained with PEEM. We have observed clear ferromagnetic domains on samples with an iron concentration of xless than or equal to0.6 and x = 1.0. The PEEM images indicate that Fe and Ni form a good alloy on Cu(111), with the same domain structures and the magnetization in each domain aligned for both elements. The domain sizes and shapes exhibit dependence on thickness, stoichiometry x, and substrate quality. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sato, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM chiang@physics.ucdavis.edu RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1116/1.1631295 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 770YW UT WOS:000188759800021 ER PT J AU Grabiec, P Radojewski, J Zaborowski, M Domanski, K Schenkel, T Rangelow, IW AF Grabiec, P Radojewski, J Zaborowski, M Domanski, K Schenkel, T Rangelow, IW TI Batch fabricated scanning near field optical microscope/atomic force microscopy microprobe integrated with piezoresistive cantilever beam with highly reproducible focused ion beam micromachined aperture SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL ID PROBES AB In scanning near field optical microscope (SNOM), an optical probe with aperture diameter well below the optical wavelength is moved over the sample. The sample-probe distance control is one of the key problems in SNOM. Our earlier approach allowed for fabrication of the piezo-SNOM/ atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe, however, reproductivity of the process and optical quality of the device were not satisfactory. Now we report an innovative processing sequence, which offers highly reproductive batch processing, typical for semiconductor technology and renders it possible to produce cantilevers playing role of an AFM detector as well as a nanoaperture detector. Moreover, illumination of the aperture is easier because of a wide input opening and its big cone angle. The throughput is in the range of 10(-5) and higher. Apertures in hollow pyramids have been formed by direct ion beam drilling with a focused beam of 30 keV Ga+ ions. Direct focused ion beam (FIB) drilling is a reproducible process for hole formation at the 30-100 nm diameter range. Formation of smaller apertures is possible if a special FIB drilling/deposition procedure is applied. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Inst Electr Mat Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Wroclaw Univ Technol, Wroclaw, Poland. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Kassel, D-3500 Kassel, Germany. RP Grabiec, P (reprint author), Inst Electr Mat Technol, Warsaw, Poland. EM grabiec@ite.waw.pl NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1116/1.1633280 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 808MS UT WOS:000220573800005 ER PT J AU Guillorn, MA Yang, X Melechko, AV Hensley, DK Hale, MD Merkulov, VI Simpson, ML Baylor, LR Gardner, WL Lowndes, DH AF Guillorn, MA Yang, X Melechko, AV Hensley, DK Hale, MD Merkulov, VI Simpson, ML Baylor, LR Gardner, WL Lowndes, DH TI Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber-based field emission electron sources with an integrated focusing electrode SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID EMITTER ARRAYS; CATHODE; FABRICATION; DISPLAY AB We report on the design, fabrication, and initial characterization of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber-based microfabricated field emission devices with an integrated out-of-plane electrostatic focusing electrode. The potential placed on this electrode was found to have a profound impact on the diameter of the beam emitted from the device as observed on a phosphor screen. Aspects of the device fabrication process and device operation are discussed. The experimental results obtained are compared to a numerical simulation of device performance and found to be within good agreement. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Thin Film & Nanostructed Mat Phys Res Grp, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guillorn, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM guillomma@ornl.gov RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1116/1.1633768 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 808MS UT WOS:000220573800009 ER PT J AU Carpenter, TE Thurmond, MC Bates, TW AF Carpenter, TE Thurmond, MC Bates, TW TI A simulation model of intraherd transmission of foot and mouth disease with reference to disease spread before and after clinical diagnosis SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BRITAIN; VESICULAR STOMATITIS; EPIDEMIC; IMPACT; UK; STRATEGIES AB Intraherd transmission of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) was examined using a simulation model for a hypothetical 1,000-cow dairy, assuming clinical diagnosis was made when at least 1% (10 cows) or 5% (50 cows) had clinical signs of FMD, 1 index case cow, and transition state distributions for the latent, subclinically infectious, and clinically infectious periods of FMD calculated from published data. Estimates assumed for the number of animal-to-animal contacts (k) adequate for transmission ranged from 0.6 to 9.0 per hour (13.7-216.0 per day). A total of 40,000 iterations (5,000 for each scenario, assessing 4 adequate contact rates and 2 detection criteria) were run. The model predicted that FMD would not be diagnosed in the herd until 10.0-13.5 days after the index case cow had become infected, at which time between 65% and 97% of the cows (646-967 cows) to nearly 100% (978-996 cows) would already have become infected with the virus, if the number of cows showing clinical signs of FMD at the time of diagnosis were 10 or 50, respectively. At the time of diagnosis, the simulated number of infectious cattle varied substantially from 82-472 to 476-537 cows, depending on adequate contact rate and whether the diagnosis was made when 10 or 50 animals were showing clinical signs, respectively. The simulated number of infectious cows increased rapidly during the first few days after diagnosis. In the scenario where at least 10 cows showing clinical signs was necessary before a clinical diagnosis was made, each day after diagnosis, the number of infectious animals increased by nearly 100 to more than 200 cases per day up to day 5, assuming 0.57-9.0 animal-to-animal contacts per hour, respectively. Results obtained when it was assumed that at least 50 clinical cases were present at the time of diagnosis showed smaller relative increases because nearly one-half of the herd was projected to be infected at the time of diagnosis. From these results, it is clear that once an individual in a herd becomes infected with FMDV, herd infectivity is not static, rather it accelerates as would be expected as long as there are sufficient susceptible animals to sustain the increasing transmission rate, after which time the rate at which new infections occurs will diminish. Results indicate that biosecurity strategies aimed at minimizing both intraherd and interherd contact will be critical in minimizing the spread of FMD before the initial diagnosis is made. In addition, simulations suggest that very early clinical diagnosis of FMD and effective isolation or depopulation and disposal will be critical in limiting the number of infectious animals capable of transmitting the virus to other herds and thus in timely control of an epidemic. Early diagnosis will rely on early virus detection from animals in the preclinical phase of infection, rather than waiting for clinical signs to manifest in sufficient numbers to be noticed and to warrant investigation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carpenter, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 873SW UT WOS:000225302300002 PM 14974841 ER PT J AU Clemmens, J Hess, H Doot, R Matzke, CM Bachand, GD Vogel, V AF Clemmens, J Hess, H Doot, R Matzke, CM Bachand, GD Vogel, V TI Motor-protein "roundabouts": Microtubules moving on kinesin-coated tracks through engineered networks SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SHUTTLES; SURFACES; MOTILITY; DRIVEN; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS AB Nanotechnology promises to enhance the functionality and sensitivity of miniaturized analytical systems. For example, nanoscale transport systems, which are driven by molecular motors, permit the controlled movement of select cargo along predetermined paths. Such shuttle systems may enhance the detection efficiency of an analytical system or facilitate the controlled assembly of sophisticated nanostructures if transport can be coordinated through complex track networks. This study determines the feasibility of complex track networks using kinesin motor proteins to actively transport microtubule shuttles along micropatterned surfaces. In particular, we describe the performance of three basic structural motifs: ( 1) crossing junctions, ( 2) directional sorters, and ( 3) concentrators. We also designed track networks that successfully sort and collect microtubule shuttles, pointing the way towards lab-on-a-chip devices powered by active transport instead of pressure-driven or electroosmotic flow. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microdevice Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Clemmens, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Box 351721, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM vvogel@u.washington.edu RI Hess, Henry/A-5224-2008; Vogel, Viola/O-8025-2015; OI Hess, Henry/0000-0002-5617-606X; Vogel, Viola/0000-0003-2898-7671; Bachand, George/0000-0002-3169-9980 NR 11 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1039/b317059d PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 815GD UT WOS:000221029900003 PM 15052344 ER PT J AU Gascoyne, PRC Vykoukal, JV Schwartz, JA Anderson, TJ Vykoukal, DM Current, KW McConaghy, C Becker, FF Andrews, C AF Gascoyne, PRC Vykoukal, JV Schwartz, JA Anderson, TJ Vykoukal, DM Current, KW McConaghy, C Becker, FF Andrews, C TI Dielectrophoresis-based programmable fluidic processors SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWETTING-BASED ACTUATION; SILICA-WATER INTERFACE; LIQUID DROPLETS; ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SPACE-CHARGE; SURFACE; FLOW AB Droplet-based programmable processors promise to offer solutions to a wide range of applications in which chemical and biological analysis and/or small-scale synthesis are required, suggesting they will become the microfluidic equivalents of microprocessors by offering off-the-shelf solutions for almost any fluid based analysis or small scale synthesis problem. A general purpose droplet processor should be able to manipulate droplets of different compositions ( including those that are electrically conductive or insulating and those of polar or non-polar nature), to control reagent titrations accurately, and to remain free of contamination and carry over on its reaction surfaces. In this article we discuss the application of dielectrophoresis to droplet based processors and demonstrate that it can provide the means for accurately titrating, moving and mixing polar or non-polar droplets whether they are electrically conductive or not. DEP does not require contact with control surfaces and several strategies for minimizing surface contact are presented. As an example of a DEP actuated general purpose droplet processor, we show an embodiment based on a scaleable CMOS architecture that uses DEP manipulation on a 32 X 32 electrode array having built-in control and switching circuitry. Lastly, we demonstrate the concept of a general-purpose programming environment that facilitates droplet software development for any type of droplet processor. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Davis, ECE Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lynntech Inc, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Gascoyne, PRC (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Sano, Michael/E-1715-2011 NR 60 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1039/b404130e PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 839VY UT WOS:000222814200007 PM 15269795 ER PT S AU Manginell, RP Lewis, PR Adkins, DR Kottenstette, RJ Wheeler, D Sokolowski, S Trudell, D Byrnes, J Okandan, M Bauer, JM Manley, RG AF Manginell, RP Lewis, PR Adkins, DR Kottenstette, RJ Wheeler, D Sokolowski, S Trudell, D Byrnes, J Okandan, M Bauer, JM Manley, RG BE Smith, LA Sobek, D TI Recent advancements in the gas-phase MicroChemLab (TM) SO LAB - ON - A - CHIP: PLATFORMS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lab-on-a-Chip: Platforms, Devices, and Applications CY OCT 26-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE gas-phase analysis; gas chromatography; preconcentration; acoustic detection microanalytical system ID ARRAYS AB Sandia's hand-held MicroChemLab(TM) system uses a micromachined preconcentrator (PC), a gas chromatography channel (GC) and a quartz surface acoustic wave array (SAW) detector for sensitive/selective detection of gas-phase chemical analytes. Requisite system size, performance, power budget and time response mandate microfabrication of the key analytical system components. In the fielded system hybrid integration has been employed, permitting optimization of the individual components. Recent improvements in the hybrid-integrated system, using plastic, metal or silicon/glass manifolds, is described, as is system performance against semivolatile compounds and toxic industrial chemicals. The design and performance of a new three-dimensional micropreconcentrator is also introduced. To further reduce system dead volume, eliminate unheated transfer lines and simplify assembly, there is an effort to monolithically integrate the silicon PC and GC with a suitable silicon-based detector, such as a magnetically-actuated flexural plate wave sensor (magFPW) or a magnetically-actuated pivot plate resonator (PPR). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Manginell, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5544-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5591 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.581956 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBM98 UT WOS:000226252400005 ER PT S AU West, JAA Hukari, KW Renzi, RF Patel, K AF West, JAA Hukari, KW Renzi, RF Patel, K BE Smith, LA Sobek, D TI Rapid universal solublization and analysis of bacterial spores usmg a simple flow-through ultra-high temperature capillary device SO LAB - ON - A - CHIP: PLATFORMS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lab-on-a-Chip: Platforms, Devices, and Applications CY OCT 26-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA ID REAL-TIME PCR; CELL-LYSIS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; DNA; ELECTROPHORESIS; INJECTION; SYSTEM; INTEGRATION; SONICATION; SEPARATION AB Rapid identification of viral and bacterial species is dependent of the ability to manipulate biological agents into a form where they are directly analyzed. Many of these species of interest, such as bacterial spores, are inherently hearty and very difficult to lyse or solubilize. Standard protocols for spore inactivation include, chemical treatment, sonication, pressure and thermal lysis. While these protocols are effective for the inactivation of these agents they are less well suited for sample preparation for analysis using capillary electrophoresis techniques. In order to overcome this difficulty we fabricated a simple capillary device to perform thermal lysis of vegatative bacterial cells and bacterial spores. Using an ethylene glycol buffer to super heat bacterial spores we were able to perform rapid flow through lysis and solubilzation of these agents. This device was then coupled to a sample preparation station for on-line fluorescamine dye labeling and buffer exchange for direct analysis using a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis instrument. Using this integrated device were we enabled to perform sample lysis, labeling and protein fingerprint analysis of vegatative bacterial cells, bacterial spores and viruses in less than 10 minutes. The described device is simple, inexpensive and easily integratable with various microfluidic devices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Res Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP West, JAA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Res Grp, POB 969,MS9951, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5544-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5591 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.578623 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBM98 UT WOS:000226252400006 ER PT S AU West, JAA Hukari, KW Hux, G Shepodd, TJ AF West, JAA Hukari, KW Hux, G Shepodd, TJ BE Smith, LA Sobek, D TI Microfluidic gene arrays for rapid genomic profiling SO LAB - ON - A - CHIP: PLATFORMS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lab-on-a-Chip: Platforms, Devices, and Applications CY OCT 26-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA ID POROUS POLYMER; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; DEVICES AB Genomic analysis tools have recently become an indispensable tool for the evaluation of gene expression in a variety of experiment protocols. Two of the main drawbacks to this technology are the labor and time intensive process for sample preparation and the relatively long times required for target/probe hybridization. In order to overcome these two technological barriers we have developed a microfluidic chip to perform on chip sample purification and labeling. integrated with a high density genearray. Sample purification was performed using a porous polymer monolithic material functionalized with an oligo dT nucleotide sequence for the isolation of high purity mRNA. These purified mRNA's can then rapidly labeled using a covalent fluorescent molecule which forms a selective covalent bond at the N7 position of guanine residues. These labeled mRNA's can then released from the polymer monolith to allow for direct hybridization with oligonucletide probes deposited in microfluidic channel. To allow for rapid target/probe hybridization high density microarray were printed in microchannels. The channels can accommodate array densities as high as 4000 probes. When oligonucleotide deposition is complete, these channels are sealed using a poly-mer film which forms a pressure tight seal to allow sample reagent flow to the arrayed probes. This process will allow for real time target to probe hybridization monitoring using a top mounted CCD fiber bundle combination. Using this process we have been able to perform a multi-step sample preparation to labeled target/probe hybridization in less than 30 minutes. These results demonstrate the capability to perform rapid genomic screening on a high density microfluidic microarray of oligonucleotides. C1 Microfluid Res Grp, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP West, JAA (reprint author), Microfluid Res Grp, Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969 MS9951, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5544-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5591 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.578619 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBM98 UT WOS:000226252400018 ER PT S AU Galindo-Uribarri, A AF Galindo-Uribarri, A BE Bracco, A Kalfas, CA TI Nuclear spectroscopy using radioactive ion beams from the HRIBF SO LABYRINTH IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Labyrinth in Nuclear Structure CY JUL 13-19, 2003 CL Iraklion, GREECE SP EPS Nucl Phys Div, NCSR Demokritos, INFN & Univ Milan, NTU Athens, Greek Minist Culture ID RESONANT REACTIONS; EMISSION; DETECTOR; PROTONS; NE-18 AB Exciting opportunities in the study of nuclei far from stability in both the neutron and proton rich side are opening with the recent availability of radioactive ion beams (RIBs) at energies above the Coulomb barrier at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). These RIBs provide a unique opportunity for a whole class of measurements that could never before be realized. A recent highlight has been the acceleration of "pure" beams of fission fragments such as Ge-82 (T-1/2=4.6s) and Sn-132 (T-1/2=40s). These semi-magic and doubly-magic nuclei are important benchmarks within the chart of nuclides, because they are constraints for the shell-model parameter sets. We are currently developing the required experimental tools and specialized techniques for studies in nuclear astrophysics, reaction spectroscopy, and nuclear structure research with RIBs. I will discuss some of the challenges encountered with examples from selected topical areas with which I have been involved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0174-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 701 BP 10 EP 18 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BY91N UT WOS:000189494200002 ER PT S AU Fotiades, N Garrett, PE Tavukcu, E Devlin, M Nelson, RO Becker, JA Younes, W Bernstein, LA AF Fotiades, N Garrett, PE Tavukcu, E Devlin, M Nelson, RO Becker, JA Younes, W Bernstein, LA BE Bracco, A Kalfas, CA TI Nuclear structure studies with GEANIE at the LANSCE/WNR facility SO LABYRINTH IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Labyrinth in Nuclear Structure CY JUL 13-19, 2003 CL Iraklion, GREECE SP EPS Nucl Phys Div, NCSR Demokritos, INFN & Univ Milan, NTU Athens, Greek Minist Culture AB Recent results pertaining to nuclear structure from neutron-induced reactions on Zr-90, Ir-193, Pt-196: and U-238 are presented. The data were taken using the GEANIE spectrometer comprised of 26 high-purity Ge detectors with 20 BGO escape-suppression shields. The broad-spectrum pulsed neutron source of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center's WNR facility provided neutrons in the energy range from 0.6 to 200 MeV. The time-of-flight technique was used to determine the incident neutron energies. Results from shell model calculations for Zr-90 and from IBM-2 calculations for Pt-196 are generally in good agreement with the observed spectrum of excited states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0174-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 701 BP 60 EP 67 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BY91N UT WOS:000189494200010 ER PT S AU Lauritsen, T Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Fallon, P Herskind, B Jenkins, DG Kondev, FG Lopez-Martens, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Abu Salem, KS Ahmad, I Clark, R Cromaz, M Dossing, T Greene, JP Hannachi, F Heinz, AM Korichi, A Lane, G Lister, CJ Reiter, P Seweryniak, D Siem, S Vondrasek, RC Wiedenhover, I AF Lauritsen, T Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Fallon, P Herskind, B Jenkins, DG Kondev, FG Lopez-Martens, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Abu Salem, KS Ahmad, I Clark, R Cromaz, M Dossing, T Greene, JP Hannachi, F Heinz, AM Korichi, A Lane, G Lister, CJ Reiter, P Seweryniak, D Siem, S Vondrasek, RC Wiedenhover, I BE Bracco, A Kalfas, CA TI Determining the excitation energy, spin, and parity of levels in the superdeformed bands of Dy-152 SO LABYRINTH IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Labyrinth in Nuclear Structure CY JUL 13-19, 2003 CL Iraklion, GREECE SP EPS Nucl Phys Div, NCSR Demokritos, INFN & Univ Milan, NTU Athens, Greek Minist Culture ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; OCTUPOLE VIBRATION; EXCITED BANDS; HG-190; STATES; LINE AB The excitation energy, spin and parity of the yrast superdeformed (SD) band in Dy-152 have been established. The excitation energy of the lowest observed level in this band is found to be 10,644 keV with an assigned spin and parity of 24(+). In addition, nine transitions of dipole character have been identified, which connect the excited superdeformed band 6 in 152Dy to the yrast SD band. The excitation energy of the lowest level in the excited SD band 6 is 14,239 keV. The spin and parity of this state has been determined to be either 29(-) or 31(-). The measured properties of SD band 6 are consistent with an interpretation in terms of a rotational band built on an octupole vibration. A comparison with an RPA calculation by Nakatsukasa et al. suggests that the spin of the lowest SD band 6 level is 31(-). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lauritsen, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0174-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 701 BP 230 EP 237 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BY91N UT WOS:000189494200035 ER PT S AU Fallon, P AF Fallon, P BE Bracco, A Kalfas, CA TI Nuclei at extreme deformations SO LABYRINTH IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Labyrinth in Nuclear Structure CY JUL 13-19, 2003 CL Iraklion, GREECE SP EPS Nucl Phys Div, NCSR Demokritos, INFN & Univ Milan, NTU Athens, Greek Minist Culture ID MODEL AB Nuclei with very large deformations provide an opportunity to study many aspects of nuclear structure: shell structured exotic states; extreme single-particle motion (shell model): collective modes: pairing. In this talk I will discuss a few selected examples illustrating some recent developments in this area of study. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fallon, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0174-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 701 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BY91N UT WOS:000189494200045 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Mulholland, PJ Olsen, LM Feminella, JW Maloney, KO White, DC Peacock, A Foster, T AF Dale, VH Mulholland, PJ Olsen, LM Feminella, JW Maloney, KO White, DC Peacock, A Foster, T BE Kapustka, L Galbraith, H Luxon, M Bidding, G TI Selecting a suite of ecological indicators for resource management SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AND WILDLIFE HABITAT EVALUATION: CRITICAL INFORMATION FOR ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT, LAND-USE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES, AND BIODIVERSITY ENHANCEMENT SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Comm E-47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE disturbance; forests; indicators; resource management ID BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESS AB We discuss the use of ecological indicators as a natural resource management tool, focusing on the development and implementation of a procedure for selecting and monitoring indicators. Criteria and steps for the selection of ecological indicators are presented. The development and implementation of indicators useful for management are applied to Fort Benning, Georgia, where military training, controlled fires (to improve habitat for the endangered red cockaded woodpecker), and timber thinning are common management practices. A suite of indicators is examined that provides information about understory vegetation, soil microorganisms, landscape patterns, and stream chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrate populations and communities. For example, plants that are geophytes are the predominant life form in disturbed areas, and some understory species are more common in disturbed sites than in reference areas. The set of landscape metrics selected (based upon ability to measure changes through time or to differentiate between land cover classes) included percent cover, total edge (with border), number of patches, mean patch area, patch area range, coefficient of variation of patch area, perimeter/area ratio, Euclidean nearest neighbor distance, and clumpiness. Landscape metrics indicate that the forest area (particularly that of pine) has declined greatly since 1827, the date of our first estimates of land cover (based on witness tree data). Altered management practices in the 1990s may have resulted in further changes to the Fort Benning landscape. Storm sediment concentration profiles indicate that the more highly disturbed catchments had much greater rates of erosion and sediment transport to streams than less disturbed catchments. Disturbance also resulted in lower richness of EPT (i.e., number of taxa within the aquatic insect orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) than in reference streams but similar total richness of invertebrate species. Each indicator provides information about the ecological system at different temporal and spatial scales. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-3476-2 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1458 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1520/STP11939S PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAS87 UT WOS:000223398300001 ER PT S AU Marsh, LK Haarmann, T AF Marsh, LK Haarmann, T BE Kapustka, L Galbraith, H Luxon, M Bidding, G TI Quantitative habitat analysis: A new tool for the integration of modeling, planning, and management of natural resources SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AND WILDLIFE HABITAT EVALUATION: CRITICAL INFORMATION FOR ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT, LAND-USE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES, AND BIODIVERSITY ENHANCEMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Comm E-47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE Quantitative Habitat Analysis; ArcView; Los Alamos National Laboratory; natural resources management; computer application; resource management tool AB Federal laboratories are often caught between the need to meet mission objectives and the mandate to act as national stewards for natural resources. Following the initiation of the Manhattan Project in 1943, restricted land use at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) retained many undisturbed areas that function as ecosystem sanctuaries for plants and animals throughout the 43 mi(2) site. We developed a Quantitative Habitat Analysis (QHA) that enables both managers and scientists to better meet the goals of ecosystem management and sustainable development for LANL. QHA is a multi-faceted modeling, planning, and management tool with the goal of applying existing models in a new way. QHA provides an objective, standardized, and replicable system for management of wild areas by federal agencies. As part of the development of QHA, we reviewed 42 existing wildlife and habitat models, assessments, or evaluation methods and 12 computer programs. A pilot field study was conducted on 12 plots testing five different methods to determine the most suitable for data collection for the tool. Once methods were selected and models determined, a QHA application tool was created in ArcView to test the pilot data within the tool for user-friendly application. This year, 45 field sites were sampled. QHA currently comprises five main sub-models analyzed within a geographic information system using ArcView: 1) Ecological Land Classification (landscape level effects), 2) Rapid Ecological Assessment (general assessment)/U.S. National Vegetation Classification Element Occurrence (ecosystem "health"), 3) BEHAVE (wildfire and fuels monitoring), 4) Habitat Analysis and Modeling System (wildlife), and 5) ECORSK.6 (bio-contaminants). Key to this QHA tool was the use of "common currencies." The common currencies consist of weighted scores that calculate a "grade" or means of comparison between different programs and scoring methods. Development and calibration of the QHA continues. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marsh, LK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 1663,MS M887, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3476-2 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1458 BP 94 EP 106 DI 10.1520/STP11945S PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAS87 UT WOS:000223398300007 ER PT S AU Bibireata, A Krishnan, S Baumgartner, G Cociorva, D Lam, CC Sadayappan, P Ramanujam, J Bernholdt, DE Choppella, V AF Bibireata, A Krishnan, S Baumgartner, G Cociorva, D Lam, CC Sadayappan, P Ramanujam, J Bernholdt, DE Choppella, V BE Rauchwerger, L TI Memory-constrained data locality optimization for tensor contractions SO LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS FOR PARALLEL COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC 2003) CY OCT 02-04, 2003 CL Coll Stn, TX SP Parasol Lab, Texas A& M Univ, Dept Comp Sci AB The accurate modeling of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules involves computationally intensive tensor contractions over large multi-dimensional arrays. Efficient computation of these contractions usually requires the generation of temporary intermediate arrays. These intermediates could be extremely large, requiring their storage on disk. However, the intermediates can often be generated and used in batches through appropriate loop fusion transformations. To optimize the performance of such computations a combination of loop fusion and loop tiling is required, so that the cost of disk I/O is minimized. In this paper, we address the memory-constrained data-locality optimization problem in the context of this class of computations. We develop an optimization framework to search among a space of fusion and tiling choices to minimize the data movement overhead. The effectiveness of the developed optimization approach is demonstrated on a computation representative of a component used in quantum chemistry suites. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bibireata, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bibireat@cis.ohio-state.edu; krishnas@cis.ohio-state.edu; gb@cis.ohio-stat.edu; cociorva@cis.ohio-state.edu; clam@cis.ohio-state.edu; saday@cis-ohio-state.edu; jxr@ece.lsu.edu; bernholdtde@ornl.gov; choppellav@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21199-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 2958 BP 93 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-24644-2_7 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY71Z UT WOS:000189446800007 ER PT S AU Quinlan, D Schordan, M Yi, Q de Supinski, BR AF Quinlan, D Schordan, M Yi, Q de Supinski, BR BE Rauchwerger, L TI Semantic-driven parallelization of loops operating on user-defined containers SO LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS FOR PARALLEL COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC 2003) CY OCT 02-04, 2003 CL Coll Stn, TX SP Parasol Lab, Texas A& M Univ, Dept Comp Sci ID LIBRARIES AB We describe ROSE, a C++ infrastructure for source-to-source translation, that provides an interface for programmers to easily write their own translators for optimizing the use of high-level abstractions. Utilizing the semantics of these high-level abstractions, we demonstrate the automatic parallelization of loops that iterate over user-defined containers that have interfaces similar to the lists, vectors and sets in the Standard Template Library (STL). The parallelization is realized in two phases. First, we insert OpenMP directives into a serial program, driven by the recognition of the high-level abstractions, containers, that are thread-safe. Then, we translate the OpenMP directives into library routines that explicitly create and manage parallelism. By providing an interface for the programmer to classify the semantics of their abstractions, we are able to automatically parallelize operations on containers, such as linked-lists, without resorting to complex loop dependence analysis techniques. Our approach is consistent with general goals within telescoping languages. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Quinlan, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dquinlan@llnl.gov; schordan1@llnl.gov; yi4@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21199-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 2958 BP 524 EP 538 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-24644-2_34 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY71Z UT WOS:000189446800034 ER PT S AU Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV BE Dickey, FM Shealy, DL TI Using a Newport refractive beam shaper to generate high-quality flat-top spatial profiles from a flashlamp-pumped commercial Nd : YAG laser SO LASER BEAM SHAPING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Beam Shaping V CY AUG 05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE beam shaping; refractive beam shaper; flat-top spatial profile; Gaussian to flat-top converter; Nd : YAG laser; nonlinear optics ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; MEASURED PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; FACILITY; UV AB We've generated high-quality flat-top spatial profiles from a modified Continuum Powerlite 9010 Nd:YAG laser using the Gaussian-to-flat-top refractive beam shaper available from Newport Corporation. The Powerlite is a flashlamp-pumped, Q-switched, injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser manufactured in 1993 that delivers similar to1.6 J at 10 Hz using an oscillator and two 9 mm diameter amplifier rods. While its pulse energy is impressive, its beam quality is typically poor, an all too common characteristic of research-grade Nd:YAG lasers manufactured in the late 1980's and early 1990's. Structure in its near-field spatial fluence profile is reminiscent of round-aperture diffraction that is superposed with additional "hot spots." These characteristics are largely due to poor beam quality from the oscillator coupled with over-filled amplifier rods, and reflect a design philosophy from the era of organic dye lasers. When these older laser systems are used for tasks like pumping optical parametric oscillators (OPO's), or for other applications demanding good beam quality, their designs are simply inadequate. To improve the 9010's beam quality we spatially filter the oscillator beam and remove the resulting Airy rings with an iris, then collimate and magnify the remaining central disk so its diameter is appropriate for input to the refractive shaper. The output of the beam shaper is then double-pass amplified through two amplifier rods with thermally induced focusing compensated by a negative lens before the first pass and by a convex mirror before the second pass. Using this approach we've obtained single-pass energy exceeding 250 mJ with little degradation of the flat-top profile and similar to950 mJ after double pass amplification. After double-passing the two amplifier rods the beam suffers some degradation in symmetry and uniformity, but is still much improved compared to the beam obtained using the 9010's original factory configuration. We find the modified 9010's flat-top profile improves conversion efficiency when used for our applications in crystal nonlinear optics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armstrong, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5463-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5525 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1117/12.557848 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBB42 UT WOS:000224540600008 ER PT S AU LaFortune, KN Hurd, RL Johansson, EM Dane, CB Fochs, SN Brase, JM AF LaFortune, KN Hurd, RL Johansson, EM Dane, CB Fochs, SN Brase, JM BE Paxton, AH TI Intracavity adaptive correction of a 10 kW, solid-state, heat-capacity laser SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VII CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID HIGH-ENERGY LASER; OPTIC COMPENSATION; PHASE ABERRATIONS; CAVITY AB The Solid-State, Heat-Capacity Laser (SSHCL), under development at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a large aperture (100 cm(2)), confocal, unstable resonator requiring near-diffraction-limited beam quality. There are two primary sources of the aberrations in the system: residual, static aberrations from the fabrication of the optical components and predictable, time-dependent, thermally-induced index gradients within the gain medium. A deformable mirror placed within the cavity is used to correct the aberrations that are sensed with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Although it is more challenging than external correction, intracavity correction enables control of the mode growth within the resonator, resulting in the ability to correct a more aberrated system longer. The overall system design, measurement techniques and correction algorithms are discussed. Experimental results from initial correction of the static aberrations and dynamic correction of the time-dependent aberrations are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP LaFortune, KN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5241-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5333 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.531034 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ61 UT WOS:000222590500007 ER PT S AU Heebner, JE Lepeshkin, NN Schweinsberg, A Boyd, RW AF Heebner, JE Lepeshkin, NN Schweinsberg, A Boyd, RW BE Paxton, AH TI Enhanced linear and nonlinear optical phase response of microring resonators for engineerable photonic media SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VII CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE resonators; microresonators; ring resonators; waveguides; photonics; nonlinear optics; artificial materials ID WAVE-GUIDES; MICROCAVITY; FILTERS; RING AB Microring resonators can serve as key elements in the realization of engineerable photonic media. A sequence of resonators coupled to an optical waveguide can be viewed as an optical transmission line with highly controllable dispersive and nonlinear properties, similar to those of photonic crystals or gratings. We have constructed and characterized several optical micro-ring resonators with scale sizes of the order of 10 microns. These devices are intended to serve as building blocks for engineerable linear and nonlinear photonic media. Light is guided vertically by an epitaxially grown structure and transversely by deeply etched air-clad sidewalls. In this work, we chose to construct ring resonators in AlGaAs and probe them at a photon energy below the half-gap of the material. Our motivation for this choice was to maximize the ultrafast bound (Kerr) nonlinearities resulting from virtual transitions while minimizing the two-photon contribution to carrier generation. We report on the spectral phase transfer characteristics of such resonators. We also report the observation of a pi-radian Kerr nonlinear phase shift accumulated in a single compact ring resonator evidenced by all-optical switching between output ports of a resonator-enhanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heebner, JE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Heebner, John/C-2411-2009 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5241-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5333 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.549481 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ61 UT WOS:000222590500025 ER PT S AU Strasburg, JD Harper, WW AF Strasburg, JD Harper, WW BE Thompson, WE Brunson, RL TI Impact of atmospheric turbulence on beam propagation SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology II CY APR 13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE numerical simulation; beam propagation; atmospheric turbulence; LIDAR; remote sensing ID 3-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM-MEDIA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SIMULATION AB A trailer-based sensor system has been developed for remote chemical sensing applications. The detection scheme utilizes quantum cascade lasers operating in the long-wave infrared. It has been determined that atmospheric turbulence is the dominating noise source for this system. For this application, horizontal path lengths vary from several hundred meters to several kilometers resulting in weak to moderate to strong turbulence conditions. Field experiments have simultaneously monitored meteorological and atmospheric quantities during remote sensing in order to better understand the impact of turbulence on horizontal beam propagation. A numerical model has been developed to simulate the performance of the system and comparisons between simulation and experiment have been encouraging. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strasburg, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5336-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5413 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1117/12.541666 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAZ43 UT WOS:000224314300010 ER PT J AU Tsen, SH Taflove, A Walsh, JT Backman, V Maitland, D AF Tsen, SH Taflove, A Walsh, JT Backman, V Maitland, D TI Pseudo-spectral time-domain Maxwell's equations solution of optical scattering by tissue-like structures SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 24th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Syrgery CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Backman, Vadim/B-6689-2009; Taflove, Allen/B-7275-2009; Walsh, Joseph/B-7636-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2004 SU S16 MA 28 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 808UJ UT WOS:000220593700029 ER PT S AU Cieliebak, M Eidenbenz, S AF Cieliebak, M Eidenbenz, S BE FarachColton, M TI Measurement errors make the partial digest problem NP-hard SO LATIN 2004: THEORETICAL INFORMATICS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics (LATIN 2004) CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP HP, SADIO, Qjo Huracan ID CONSTRUCTION AB The PARTIAL DIGEST problem asks for the coordinates of m points on a line such that the pairwise distances of the points form a given multiset of ((m)(2)) distances. PARTIAL DIGEST is a well-studied problem 2 with important applications in physical mapping of DNA molecules. Its computational complexity status is open. Input data for PARTIAL DIGEST from real-life experiments are always prone to error, which suggests to study variations Of PARTIAL DIGEST that take this fact into account. In this paper, we study the computational complexity of the variation Of PARTIAL DIGEST in which each distance is known only up to some error, due to experimental inaccuracies. The error can be specified either by some additive offset or by a multiplicative factor. We show that both types of error make the PARTIAL DIGEST problem strongly NP-complete, by giving reductions from 3-PARTITION. In the case of relative errors, we show that the problem is hard to solve even for constant relative error. C1 ETH, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cieliebak, M (reprint author), ETH, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM cieliebak@inf.ethz.ch; eidenben@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21258-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 2976 BP 379 EP 390 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-24698-5_42 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY85N UT WOS:000189479300040 ER PT B AU Hardtke, D AF Hardtke, D BE Cheung, HWK Pratt, TS TI Relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Recent results from RHIC SO LEPTON AND PHOTON INTERACTIONS AT HIGH ENERGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies CY AUG 11-16, 2003 CL Batavia, IL SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; AU COLLISIONS; P-P; DEPENDENCE AB High energy collisions of heavy nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider permit the study of nuclear matter at extreme densities and temperatures. Selected experimental highlights from the early RHIC program are presented. Measurements of the total multiplicity in heavy-ion collisions show a surprising similarity to measurements in e(+)e(-) collisions after nuclear geometry is taken into account. RHIC has sufficient center-of-mass energy to use large transverse momentum particles and jets as a probe of the nuclear medium. Signatures of "jet quenching" due to radiative gluon energy loss of fast partons in a dense medium are observed for the first time at RHIC. In order to account for this energy loss, initial energy densities of 30-100 times normal nuclear matter density are required. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DHHardtke@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-716-1 PY 2004 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1142/9789812702975_0027 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCJ94 UT WOS:000229676400025 ER PT B AU Harris, DA AF Harris, DA BE Cheung, HWK Pratt, TS TI Future experiments with neutrino superbeams, beta-beams, and neutrino factories SO LEPTON AND PHOTON INTERACTIONS AT HIGH ENERGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies CY AUG 11-16, 2003 CL Batavia, IL SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID VIOLATION AB This report describes the goals of the next generations of accelerator-based neutrino experiments, and the various strategies that are being considered to achieve those goals. Because these next steps in the field are significantly different from the current or previous steps, novel techniques must be considered for both the detectors and the neutrino beams themselves. We consider not only conventional neutrino beams created by decays of pions, but also those which could be made by decays of beams of relativistic isotopes (so-called "beta-beams") and also by decays of beams of mucus (neutrino factories). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dharris@fnal.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-716-1 PY 2004 BP 419 EP 433 DI 10.1142/9789812702975_0037 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCJ94 UT WOS:000229676400032 ER PT S AU Rohwer, LES Abrams, BL Wilcoxon, JP Thoma, SG AF Rohwer, LES Abrams, BL Wilcoxon, JP Thoma, SG BE Stockman, SA Yao, HW Schubert, EF TI Development of solid state light sources based on II-VI semiconductor quantum dots SO LIGHT -EMITTING DIODES: RESEARCH, MANUFACTURING, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Light-Emitting Diodes CY JAN 27-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USA Res Off DE solid state lighting; quantum dots; light-emitting diodes; encapsulation; quantum yield ID EMITTING-DIODES; NANOCRYSTALS; POLYMER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; COMPOSITES AB Solid state light sources based on integrating commercial near-UV LED chips with encapsulated CdS quantum dots are demonstrated. Blue, blue-green, and white quantum dot LEDs were fabricated with luminous efficiencies of 9.8, 16.6, and 3.5 Im/W, respectively. These are the highest efficiencies reported for quantum dot LEDs. Quantum dots have advantages over conventional micron-sized phosphors for solid state lighting, such as strong absorption of near-UV to blue wavelengths, smaller Stokes shift, and a range of emission colors based on their size and surface chemistry. Alkylthiol-stabilized CdS quantum dots in tetrahydrofuran solvent with quantum yields (QYs) up to 70% were synthesized using room temperature metathesis reactions. A variety of emission colors and a white spectrum from monodisperse CdS quantum dots (Dsimilar to2 rim) have been demonstrated. The white emission was obtained from the CdS quantum dots directly, by altering the surface chemistry. When incorporated into an epoxy, the high solution phase QY was preserved. In contrast to other approaches, the white LED contains monodisperse US quantum dots, rather than a blend of different-size blue, green, and red-emitting quantum dots. The concentration of CdS quantum dots in epoxy can be increased to absorb nearly all of the incident near-UV light of the LED. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rohwer, LES (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Abrams, Billie/C-1668-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5274-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5366 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.527967 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAM26 UT WOS:000222823300008 ER PT S AU Crawford, MH Allerman, AA Fischer, AJ Bogart, KHA Lee, SR Kaplar, RJ Chow, WW Follstaedt, DM AF Crawford, MH Allerman, AA Fischer, AJ Bogart, KHA Lee, SR Kaplar, RJ Chow, WW Follstaedt, DM BE Stockman, SA Yao, HW Schubert, EF TI Optimization and performance of AlGaN-based multi-quantum well deep UV LEDs SO LIGHT -EMITTING DIODES: RESEARCH, MANUFACTURING, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Light-Emitting Diodes CY JAN 27-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USA Res Off DE light emitting diode; ultraviolet; AlGaN ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; 285 NM; EMISSION; SAPPHIRE; LAYERS; ALN AB In this paper, we overview the critical materials challenges in the development of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) and present our recent advances in the performance of LEDs in the 275-290 nm range. Our primary device design involves a flip-chip, bottom emitting, transparent AlGaN (Al = 47-60%) buffer layer structure with interdigitated contacts. To date, under direct current operation, we have demonstrated greater than I mW of output power at 290 nm with I mm x I mm LEDs, and greater than 0.5 mW output power from LEDs emitting at wavelengths as short at 276 nm. Electroluminescence spectra demonstrate both a main peak from quantum well emission as well as sub-bandgap emission originating from radiative recombination involving deep level states. The heterostructure designs that we have employed have greatly suppressed this deep level emission, resulting in deep level peak intensities that are 40-125X lower than the primary quantum well emission for different LED designs and applied current densities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Crawford, MH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5274-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5366 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.529659 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAM26 UT WOS:000222823300009 ER PT S AU Han, Q Zeh, J Peterson, RD AF Han, Q Zeh, J Peterson, RD BE Tabereaux, AT TI Some of the factors that affect dross formation in aluminum 5182 RSI SO LIGHT METALS 2004 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Light Metals Symposium held at the 133rd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS Aluminum Comm ID SOLIDIFICATION; ALLOYS AB Aluminum 5182 remelt secondary ingot (RSI) is prone to dross formation during the remelting processes. Recently we have found that dross formation in the center region of the RSI can be as high as 80% and is related to the cracking and porosity defect formation in that region. This article addresses dross formation in aluminum 5182 RSI under various processing conditions, such as the melting methods of the scrap materials, the composition of the alloy, the size of the RSI, and the cooling rate in the RSI. Relationship between dross formation and the processing parameters are investigated and the mechanism of dross formation is discussed. It is suggested that the dross is formed during the solidification stage of the RSI processing. Dross formation is strongly affected by alloy composition and the way that the RSI is cooled. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Han, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-567-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2004 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAG45 UT WOS:000222084100028 ER PT S AU Robinson, TP AF Robinson, TP BE Tabereaux, AT TI Lowering energy intensity and emissions in the aluminum industry with government/industry/academia partnerships SO LIGHT METALS 2004 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Light Metals Symposium held at the 133rd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS Aluminum Comm C1 US DOE, Ind Technol Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Robinson, TP (reprint author), US DOE, Ind Technol Program, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-567-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2004 BP 277 EP 281 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAG45 UT WOS:000222084100046 ER PT S AU Yang, JH Hryn, JN Davis, BR Roy, A Krumdick, GK Pomykala, JA AF Yang, JH Hryn, JN Davis, BR Roy, A Krumdick, GK Pomykala, JA BE Tabereaux, AT TI New opportunities for aluminum electrolysis with metal anodes in a low temperature electrolyte system SO LIGHT METALS 2004 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Light Metals Symposium held at the 133rd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS Aluminum Comm DE inert anodes; electrolysis; electrolyte; low temperature; potassium fluoride ID INERT ANODES; MELTS; CELL AB A new electrolyte based on the KF-AlF(3)-Al(2)O(3) system was investigated for low-temperature aluminum electrolysis. Analysis indicated that the solubility of alumina was about 4.5 wt% at 700degreesC. Baseline electrolysis tests at 700degreesC (graphite materials as both anode and cathode) showed the process works well with automatic alumina feeding. Aluminum bronze metal anodes have been tested at 700degreesC in 10A, 20A and 100A cells for up to 100 hours at an anode current density of 0.45 A/cm(2). With TiB(2)-C composite as the cathode, the current efficiency was around 85% based on recovered aluminum. Aluminum product purity was typically better than 99.5 wt%, with the major impurity being copper, typically less than 0.2 wt%. The promising results suggest that aluminum electrolysis with inert metal anodes in the new low temperature electrolyte system can be realized. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-567-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2004 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAG45 UT WOS:000222084100053 ER PT S AU Sabau, A Kuwana, K Viswanathan, S Saito, K Davis, L AF Sabau, A Kuwana, K Viswanathan, S Saito, K Davis, L BE Tabereaux, AT TI Heat transfer boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of the DC casting process SO LIGHT METALS 2004 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Light Metals Symposium held at the 133rd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS Aluminum Comm DE aluminum; DC casting; heat transfer; boundary conditions; simulation ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS AB The temperature evolution during the start-up phase of the Direct Chill (DC) casting process is critical to the prediction of strain-stress evolution during solidification. The start-up phase of DC casting is complex, as heat is extracted by the mold, bottom block, and cooling water, while process parameters are ramped up to their steady state values. The modeling of DC casting involves making assumptions on the various heat transfer mechanisms, such as (a) direct contact of liquid metal and mold, (b) air gap between mold and ingot surface, (c) water cooling on rolling and end faces of the ingot, (d) ingot contact with the bottom block, and (e) water intrusion between the bottom block and ingot. The boundary conditions for the heat transfer analysis during the startup are discussed in detail. Numerical simulation results are presented for a typical casting run, including variable casting speed, metal head, and water flow rate. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-567-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2004 BP 667 EP 672 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAG45 UT WOS:000222084100108 ER PT S AU Fleming, JG Lin, SY AF Fleming, JG Lin, SY BE Zissis, G TI Modified thermat emission from tungsten photonic crystals SO LIGHT SOURCES 2004 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources CY JUL 18-22, 2004 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP European COST 529 Network, GE, Philips, Heraeus, Osram, SLi, Welch Allyn C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fleminjg@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-1007-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 182 BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BAU82 UT WOS:000223655300033 ER PT J AU Huang, CC Liu, ZQ Cady, A Pindak, R Caliebe, W Barois, P Nguyen, HT Ema, K Takekoshi, K Yao, H AF Huang, CC Liu, ZQ Cady, A Pindak, R Caliebe, W Barois, P Nguyen, HT Ema, K Takekoshi, K Yao, H TI Optical, resonant X-ray scattering, and calorimetric investigations of two liquid crystal compounds exhibiting the SmA-SmC alpha*-SmC* transitions SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID C PHASE-TRANSITION; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; MODEL; ANTIFERROELECTRICITY; FILMS; REFLECTIVITY; ELLIPSOMETRY; MESOPHASES; SYMMETRY; RATIOS AB Three experimental measurements have been conducted to investigate the nature of the SmA-SmCalpha*-SmC* phase transitions of two liquid crystal compounds. The SmA-SmCalpha* transition shows a continuous transition with XY-like critical exponents. The SmCalpha*-SmC* transition displays a rapid variation of the incommensurate helical pitch. One of the compounds shows a small jump in the helical pitch, which signals a first order transition and is consistent with high resolution calorimetric results. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, F-33600 Pessac, France. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 152, Japan. RP Huang, CC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1080/02678290410001637167 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 757KA UT WOS:000187560500014 ER PT B AU Peterson, KA Rohde, SB Pfeifer, KB Turner, TS AF Peterson, KA Rohde, SB Pfeifer, KB Turner, TS BE Claeys, CL WongNg, W Nair, KM TI Novel LTCC fabrication techniques applied to a rolled micro ion mobility spectrometer SO LOW TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICS AND LOW TEMPERATURE COFIRED CERAMIC BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Low Temperature Electronics/International Symposium on Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic Based Electronic Devices CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc, Elect, Dielect Sci & Technol, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat, Amer Ceram Soc, Elect Div AB LTCC is applicable to a broad range of micro systems. New LTCC techniques for micro-IMS fabrication have improved function, while simplifying the structure for better manufacturability at lower cost, which is critical to widespread implementation of robust sensing capability. A drift tube is fabricated by rolling unfired glass-ceramic tape with thick film features on both sides, including internal electrodes, external connections, seal rings, a buried heater, and an integral precision resistor network. The tube supports itself mechanically through burnout and firing. The assembly of internal components, including an ionizer, apertures, grids, and a target, is accomplished from the tube ends. The high aspect ratio of LIGA grids accomplishes low obstruction with high axial rigidity. Gas plumbing is also incorporated, and a sacrificial material technique which simplifies the exhaust porting is described. Integral transparent windows in LTCC as they may improve a future IMS are also described. Prototypes have detected ion peaks. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0959 kap,MS1073 Sbr,MS1425 kbp,MS0959, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-412-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2003 IS 27 BP 156 EP 171 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BAP61 UT WOS:000223147700016 ER PT B AU Williams, D Tuttle, B Cesarano, J Rodriguez, M AF Williams, D Tuttle, B Cesarano, J Rodriguez, M BE Claeys, CL WongNg, W Nair, KM TI Robocast high zirconia content (Pb,La,Zr,Ti)O-3 dielectrics SO LOW TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICS AND LOW TEMPERATURE COFIRED CERAMIC BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Low Temperature Electronics/International Symposium on Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic Based Electronic Devices CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc, Elect, Dielect Sci & Technol, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat, Amer Ceram Soc, Elect Div ID CERAMICS; DISPERSION; TITANATE AB High Zr content (Pb,La,Zr,Ti)O-3 (PLZT) ceramics were fabricated using two different processing techniques: (1) the direct write technique of robocasting and (2) conventional powder processing. Robocast PLZT 8/80/20 ceramics had densities equivalent to conventionally processed samples with fired densities greater than 94% of theoretical value after being fired at 1300degreesC for 6 hours. Both the low field dielectric constant and high field polarization values were essentially the same (within 5%) for the robocast and conventionally processed ceramics. Specifically, dielectric constants measured at 25degreesC and 1 kHz were on the order of 2400, while polarization values of 25 muC/cm(2) were obtained for 50 kV/cm fields at 10 Hz. High temperature dielectric properties were of interest in this study. Extremely low loss behavior (DF < 0.006) and relatively high dielectric constants (K > 3000) were measured over a 100 C temperature range between 60degreesC and 160degreesC. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-412-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2003 IS 27 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BAP61 UT WOS:000223147700019 ER PT B AU Price, JR Hunn, JD AF Price, JR Hunn, JD BE Meriaudeau, F TI Optical inspection of coated particle nuclear fuel SO MACHIINE VISION APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION XII SE BBA LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection XII CY JAN 21-22, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE image-based inspection; image segmentation; circle fitting; coated-particle fuel; TRISO fuel AB In this paper, we describe the inspection of coated particle nuclear fuel using optical microscopy. Each ideally spherical particle possesses four coating layers surrounding a fuel kernel. Kernels are designed with diameters of either 150 or 500 microns and the other four layers, from the kernel outward, are 100, 45, 35, and 45 microns, respectively. The inspection of the particles is undertaken in two phases. In the first phase, multiple particles are imaged via back-lighting in a single 3900 x 3090 image at a resolution of about 1.12 pixels/micron. The distance transform, watershed segmentation, edge detection, and the Kasa circle fitting algorithm are employed to compute total outer diameters only. In the second inspection phase, the particles ire embedded in an epoxy and cleaved (via polishing) to reveal the cross-section structure of all layers simultaneously. These cleaved particles are imaged individually at a resolution of about 2.27 pixels/micron. We first find points on the kernel boundary and then employ the Kasa algorithm to estimate the overall particle center. We then find boundary points between the remaining layers along rays emanating from the particle center. Kernel and layer boundaries are detected using a novel segmentation approach. From these boundary points, we compute and store layer thickness data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Price, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-5206-8 J9 BBA LIB PY 2004 VL 5303 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.532393 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAE42 UT WOS:000221819000015 ER PT B AU Mauche, CW AF Mauche, CW BE Vrielmann, S Cropper, M TI The spin-up rate of the white dwarf in GK per SO MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 190 Workshop on Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables CY DEC 08-13, 2002 CL Univ Cape Town, Grad Sch Business, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Astron Union HO Univ Cape Town, Grad Sch Business ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; PERSEI AB We use hard X-ray light curves measured by the Chandra HETG and RXTE PCA during the late rise and plateau phases of the 2002 March-April outburst of the intermediate polar GK Per to determine that its X-ray pulse period P = 351.332 +/- 0.002 s. Combined with previous X-ray and optical measurements of the spin period of the white dwarf, we find that its spin-up rate P = 0.00027 +/- 0.00005 s yr(-1). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-473,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-170-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 315 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBN89 UT WOS:000226409300017 ER PT B AU Mauche, CW Liedahl, DA Fournier, KB AF Mauche, CW Liedahl, DA Fournier, KB BE Vrielmann, S Cropper, M TI The Fe XXII I(11.92 A)/I(11.77 A) density diagnostic SO MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 190 Workshop on Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables CY DEC 08-13, 2002 CL Univ Cape Town, Grad Sch Business, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Astron Union HO Univ Cape Town, Grad Sch Business AB Using the Livermore X-ray Spectral Synthesizer, which calculates spectral models of highly charged ions based on HULLAC atomic data, we investigate the temperature, density, and photoexcitation dependence of the 1(11.92 Angstrom)/1(11.77 Angstrom) line ratio of Fe XXII. Applied to the Chandra HETG spectrum of the intermediate polar EX Hya, we find that the electron density of its T-e approximate to 12 MK plasma is log ne (cm(-3)) = 14.3(-0.5)(+00.7) orders of magnitude greater than that observed in the Sun or other late-type stars. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-473,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-170-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 315 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBN89 UT WOS:000226409300018 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Springer, CS AF Lee, JH Springer, CS TI Effects of equilibrium exchange on diffusion-weighted NMR signals: The diffusigraphic 'Shutter-Speed' (vol 49, pg 450, 2004) SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Lee, Jing-Huei/J-3978-2016 OI Lee, Jing-Huei/0000-0001-9921-7629 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1 BP 222 EP 222 DI 10.1002/mrm.10738 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 762ZE UT WOS:000188041500030 ER PT B AU Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Koshelev, AE Welp, U Kwok, W Rydh, A Crabtree, GW Kadowaki, K AF Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Koshelev, AE Welp, U Kwok, W Rydh, A Crabtree, GW Kadowaki, K BE Johansen, TH Shantsev, DV TI Magneto-optical imaging of Josephson vortices in layered superconductors SO MAGNETO-OPTICAL IMAGING SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Magneto-Optical Imaging CY AUG 28-30, 2003 CL Oystese, NORWAY SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, FUNMAT, UIO DE Josephson vortices; BSCCO; anisotropy; tilted field ID UNIAXIAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FLUX LATTICES; CHAIN STATE; VORTEX; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; MAGNETIZATION; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; FIELDS AB We report on magneto-optical studies of interactions between Josephson vortices and pancake vortex stacks in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d single crystals under tilted magnetic fields. The experiment reveals a strong coupling between the two vortex subsystems over a wide range of crossing fields and temperatures. Variations of the anisotropy across the samples are estimated from the field dependencies of the Josephson vortex periods. A stepwise shape of these dependencies reveals transitions between non-equilibrium Josephson vortex configurations. Characteristic defects in the Josephson vortex lattice and interactions of the Josephson stacks with crystal imperfections are observed. The results are discussed based on the recent theoretical predictions for crossing vortex lattices in strongly anisotropic layered superconductors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vlasko-Vlasov, VK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013; Rydh, Andreas/A-7068-2012 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906; Rydh, Andreas/0000-0001-6641-4861 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2101-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 142 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAH91 UT WOS:000222329800005 ER PT B AU Ye, ZX Li, Q Suenaga, M Solovyov, VF AF Ye, ZX Li, Q Suenaga, M Solovyov, VF BE Johansen, TH Shantsev, DV TI Magneto-optical studies of YBCO thick films in the critical state SO MAGNETO-OPTICAL IMAGING SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Magneto-Optical Imaging CY AUG 28-30, 2003 CL Oystese, NORWAY SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, FUNMAT, UIO DE magneto optical imaging (MOI); critical current; critical state; Fractal; YBCO; superconductor ID MGB2/MG NANO-COMPOSITES; DEPOSITION AB We present magneto optical studies of the critical state in YBa2Cu3O7.delta (YBCO) thick films prepared using BaF2 ex-situ post reaction process. A distinctive fractal propagation pattern was observed as the magnetic flux entering the superconducting films, in a striking contrast to the behavior expected of a uniform type 11 superconducting film in the critical state. However, by averaging the flux density over a certain length scale, we found that flux penetration can be described with the standard Bean critical state model. The temperature dependence of critical current density J(c) was obtained by applying the Bean model to the averaged flux profiles, and found in good agreement with those obtained by direct transport measurements. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ye, ZX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2101-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 142 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAH91 UT WOS:000222329800022 ER PT S AU Welp, U Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Liu, X Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T AF Welp, U Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Liu, X Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T BE Johansen, TH Shantsev, DV TI Domain structure and magnetic anisotropy in Ga(1-X)Mn(X)as SO MAGNETO-OPTICAL IMAGING SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Magneto-Optical Imaging CY AUG 28-30, 2003 CL Oystese, NORWAY SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, FUNMAT, UIO DE magnetic semiconductors; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic domains ID CURIE-TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTOR (GA; GA1-XMNXAS; MN)AS; (GA,MN)AS; EXCHANGE; EPITAXY; FILMS; GAAS; FE AB Large, well defined magnetic domains, on the scale of hundreds of micrometers, are observed in Ga1-xMnxAs epilayers using a high-resolution magneto-optical imaging technique. The orientations of the magnetic moments in the domains clearly show in-plane magnetic anisotropy, which changes through a second-order transition from a biaxial mode (easy axes nearly along [100] and [010]) at low temperatures to an unusual uniaxial mode (easy axis along [110]) as the temperature increases above about T-C/2. This transition is a result of the interplay between the natural cubic anisotropy of the GaMnAs zinc-blende structure and a uniaxial anisotropy, which we attribute to the effects of surface reconstruction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-1998-X; 1-4020-2101-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2004 VL 142 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAH91 UT WOS:000222329800034 ER PT B AU Vaknin, D Zarestky, JL AF Vaknin, D Zarestky, JL BE Fiebig, M ERemenko, VV Chupis, IE TI Antiferromagnetism in LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4 SO MAGNETOELECTRIC INTERACTION PHENOMENA IN CRYSTALS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Magnetoelectric Interaction Phenomena in Crystals CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Sudak, UKRAINE SP NATO DE neutron diffraction; commensurate-incommensurate; critical phenomena; magnetoelectric (ME) effect ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM AB Neutron scattering studies of LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4 are reviewed. These studies show that in the antiferromagnetic phase the moments in LiCoPO4 are not strictly aligned along the b-axis as previously reported, but are uniformly rotated from this axis by a small angle. The order parameter shows that the behavior is characteristic of weakly-coupled two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnets. For LiNiPO4, a spontaneous first-order commensurate-incommensurate magnetic phase transition is observed. Evidence for long- and short-range modulated magnetic structure is observed above the transition. The modulated structure has a predominant antiferromagnetic component giving rise to satellite pea L in the vicinity of the fundamental antiferromagnetic peak and a ferromagnetic component giving rise to peaks at small momentum transfers around the origin (0, +/-Q, 0). The wavelength of the modulated magnetic structure vanes continuously with temperature. It is argued that the incommensurate short- and long-range orders are due to spin-dimensionality crossover from a continuous to the discrete Ising state. These observations explain the anomalous first-order transition seen in the magnetoelectric. effect of this system. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vaknin, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2388-X J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 164 BP 203 EP 217 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA BBN94 UT WOS:000226415600016 ER PT J AU Hampton, MA Blay, CT Murray, CJ AF Hampton, MA Blay, CT Murray, CJ TI Carbonate sediment deposits on the reef front around Oahu, Hawaii SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oahu; Hawaii; carbonate sediment; offshore sand resources ID LITTORAL SAND; ISLANDS AB Large sediment deposits on the reef front around Oahu are a possible resource for replenishing eroded beaches. High-resolution subbottom profiles clearly depict the deposits in three study areas: Kailua Bay off the windward coast, Makua to Kahe Point off the leeward coast, and Camp Erdman to Waimea off the north coast. Most of the sediment is in water depths between 20 and 100 m, resting on submerged shelves created during lowstands of sea level. The mapped deposits have a volume of about 4 x 10(8) m(3) in water depths less than 100 m, being thickest off the mouth of channels carved into the modern insular shelf, from which most of the sediment issues. Vibracore samples contain various amounts of sediment of similar size to the sand on Oahu beaches, with the most compatible prospects located off Makaha, Haleiwa, and Camp Erdman, and the least compatible ones located in Kailua Bay. Laboratory tests show a positive correlation of abrasion with Halimeda content: samples from Kailua Bay suffered high amounts of attrition, but others were comparable to tested beach samples. The common gray color of the offshore sediment, aesthetically undesirable for sand on popular tourist beaches, was diminished in the laboratory by soaking in heated hydrogen peroxide. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. TEOK Invest, Poipu, HI USA. Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. RP Hampton, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mhampton@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-119X J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol. PD JAN-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 102 DI 10.1080/10641190490473407 PG 38 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 848NX UT WOS:000223475500005 ER PT S AU Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Pecharsky, AO AF Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Pecharsky, AO BE Furuya, Y Quandt, E Zhang, Q Inoue, K Shahinpoor, M TI Phase stability of single crystalline Co-Ni-Ga shape memory alloy SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SMART SYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Devices for Smart Systems held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hirosaki Univ, ARO ID SYSTEM AB Single crystals of Co48Ni22Ga30 have been synthesized using a modified Bridgman method. The ability to solidify and retain single phase B2 austenite was found to depend not only on the starting composition and growth rate, but also the ability to maintain sufficiently high cooling rates to avoid the precipitation of a Co-rich FCC phase during post-solidification cooling. DSC measurements on the single crystal found the M-s, M-f, A(s), and A(f) to be 35.7degreesC, -1.8degreesC, 34.1degreesC and 72.2degreesC, respectively. On subsequent beating the B2 phase was found to partially decompose into the Co-rich phase at temperatures exceeding 380degreesC. Decomposition of the single phase B2 phase was tracked by microstructural observation, DSC, powder diffraction and low temperature heat capacity measurement. Restoration of the crystal to single phase B2 austenite required annealing of the crystal at temperatures above 1125degreesC followed by rapid cooling. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Schlagel, DL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50014 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-723-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 785 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAE83 UT WOS:000221909100030 ER PT S AU Martin, JE Anderson, RA Gulley, G AF Martin, JE Anderson, RA Gulley, G BE Furuya, Y Quandt, E Zhang, Q Inoue, K Shahinpoor, M TI Magnetostriction of field-structured composites SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SMART SYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Devices for Smart Systems held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hirosaki Univ, ARO AB Field-structured magnetic particle composites are an important new class of materials that have great potential as both sensors and actuators. These materials are synthesized by suspending magnetic particles in a polymeric resin and subjecting these to magnetic fields while the resin polymerizes. If a simple uniaxial magnetic field is used, the particles will form chains, yielding composites whose magnetic susceptibility is enhanced along a single direction. A biaxial magnetic field, comprised of two orthogonal ac fields, forms particle sheets, yielding composites whose magnetic susceptibility is enhanced along two principal directions. A balanced triaxial magnetic field can be used to enhance the susceptibility in all directions, and biased heterodyned triaxial magnetic fields are especially effective for producing composites with a greatly enhanced susceptibility along a single axis. Magnetostriction is quadratic in the susceptibility, so increasing the composite susceptibility is important to developing actuators that function well at modest fields. To investigate magnetostriction in these field-structured composites we have constructed a sensitive, constant-stress apparatus capable of I ppm strain resolution. The sample geometry is designed to minimize demagnetizing field effects. We have demonstrated field-structured composites with nearly 10,000 ppm strain, and have shown that at large magnetic fields a structural phase transition occurs within the composite. These experimental results are compared to microscopic, self-consistent field simulations of maonetostriction in these complex, disordered materials. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-723-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 785 BP 433 EP 438 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAE83 UT WOS:000221909100059 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, S Groza, J AF Viswanathan, S Groza, J TI Editorial: Effects of materials processing under the influence of electric and magnetic fields SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Viswanathan, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM srinath@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP VII EP IX DI 10.1081/LMMP-200028055 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 860SL UT WOS:000224363300001 ER PT J AU Hardin, CW Qu, J Shih, AJ AF Hardin, CW Qu, J Shih, AJ TI Fixed abrasive diamond wire saw slicing of single-crystal silicon carbide wafers SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE diamond wire; wire saw; wafer slicing; silicon carbide; scanning acoustic microscopy ID CERAMICS AB This article investigates the slicing of single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) with a Fixed abrasive diamond wire. A spool-to-spool rocking motion diamond wire saw machine using a 0.22 mm nominal diameter diamond wire with 20 Pin average size diamond grit was used. The effect of wire downfeed speed on wafer surface roughness and subsurface damage was first investigated. The surface marks generated by loose diamond grit and stagnation of the wire during the change of the wire-cutting direction were studied. The use of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAcM) as a nondestructive evaluation method to identify the subsurface damage was explored. Effects of using a new diamond wire on cutting forces and surface roughness were also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to examine the machined surfaces and wire wear. This study demonstrated the feasibility of fixed abrasive diamond wire cutting of SiC wafers and the usage of a SAcM to examine the subsurface damage. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shiha@umich.edu OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 11 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 26 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1081/AMP-120029960 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 819DB UT WOS:000221292300015 ER PT S AU Au, M AF Au, M BE Nazri, GA Nazri, M Young, R Chen, P TI Hydrogen storage properties of magnesium based nanostructured/amorphous composite materials SO MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROGEN ECONOMY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Technology for Hydrogen Economy held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE, ChevronTexaco, Toyota Motor Sales USA Inc ID ALLOYS; MECHANISM; HYDRIDES; SORPTION; METALS AB In this work, nanostructured composite materials Mg-Ni, Mg-Ni-La, Mg-Ni-Ce and MgLaNi5 have been synthesized using the mechanical alloying process. The new materials produced have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, SEM and EDS for their phase compositions, crystal structure, grain size, particle morphology and the distribution of the catalyst elements. Hydrogen storage capacities and the hydriding-dehydriding kinetics of the new materials have been measured at different temperatures using a Sieverts apparatus. The results show that amorphous/nanostructured composite material Mg50%-Ni50% absorbs 5.89wt% within five minutes and desorbs 4.46% hydrogen within 50 minutes at 250degreesC respectively. Adding 5% La into Mg-Ni composite materials reduces the starting temperature of hydrogen absorption and desorption from 200degreesC to 25degreesC which suggests the formation of. unstable hydrides. The composite material Mg80%-LaNi5 20% absorbs 1.96% hydrogen and releases 1.75 wt% hydrogen at 25degreesC. It is observed that mechanical alloying accelerates the hydrogenation kinetics of the magnesium based materials at low temperature, but a high temperature must be provided to release the absorbed hydrogen from the hydrided magnesium based materials. It is believed the dehydriding temperature is largely controlled by the thermodynamic configuration of magnesium hydride. Doping Mg-Ni nano/amorphous composite materials with lanthanum reduces the hydriding and dehydriding temperature. Although the stability of MgH2 can not be easily reduced by ball milling alone, the results suggest the thermodynamic properties of Mg-Ni nano/amorphous, composite materials can be alternated by additives such as La or other effective elements. Further. investigation toward understanding the mechanism of additives will be rewarded. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Au, M (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-739-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 801 BP 41 EP 54 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BY92H UT WOS:000189496100004 ER PT S AU Herberg, JL Maxwell, RS Majzoub, EH AF Herberg, JL Maxwell, RS Majzoub, EH BE Nazri, GA Nazri, M Young, R Chen, P TI Investigation of Ti-doped NaAlH4 by solid-state NMR SO MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROGEN ECONOMY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Technology for Hydrogen Economy held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE, ChevronTexaco, Toyota Motor Sales USA Inc ID HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS; ALUMINUM HYDRIDES AB In recent years, the development of Ti-doped NaAlH4 as a hydrogen storage material has gained attention because of its large weight percentage of hydrogen (similar to5 %) compared to traditional interstitial hydridcs. The addition of transition-metal dopants, in the form of Ti-halides, such as TiCl3, dramatically improves the kinetics of the absorption and desorption of hydrogen from NaAlH4. However, the role that Ti plays in enhancing the absorption and desorption of H-2 is still unknown. In the present study, Al-27, Na-23, and H-1 MAS (Magic Angle Spinning) NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) has been performed to understand the titanium speciation in Ti-doped NaAlH4. All experiments were performed on a sample of crushed single crystals exposed to Ti during growth, a sample of solvent-mixed 4TiCl(3) + 112NaAIH(4), a reacted sample of solvent-mixed TiCl3 + 3NaAlH(4) with THF, and a reacted sample of ball-milled TiCl3 + 3NaAlH(4). The Al-27 MAS NMR has shown differences in compound formation between solvent- mixed TiCl3 + 3NaAlH(4) with THF and the ball-milled TiCl3 + 3NaAlH(4). Al-27 MAS NMR of the ball-milled mixture of fully-reacted TiCl3 + 3NaAlH(4) showed spectral signatures of TiAl3 while, the solvent-mixed 4TiCl(3) + 112NaAIH(4), which is totally reacted, does not show the presence of TiAl3, but suggests the existence of Al2O3. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Herberg, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-739-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 801 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BY92H UT WOS:000189496100016 ER PT S AU Majzoub, EH Stumpf, R Spangler, S Herberg, J Maxwell, R AF Majzoub, EH Stumpf, R Spangler, S Herberg, J Maxwell, R BE Nazri, GA Nazri, M Young, R Chen, P TI Compound formation in Ti-doped sodium aluminum hydrides SO MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROGEN ECONOMY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Technology for Hydrogen Economy held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE, ChevronTexaco, Toyota Motor Sales USA Inc ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TITANIUM; NAALH4; ALANATES AB Renewed interest in hydrogen storage materials has resulted in the development of Ti-doped NaAlH4. Different doping methods such as mechanical milling with powdered TiCl3, or wet doping in solvents such as, tetrahydrofuran (THF), yield enhanced kinetics. Still, the location and action of the Ti dopant is an open question. In order to address titanium substitution in the bulk, we present lattice parameter measurements of crushed single crystals which were exposed to Ti during growth. Rietveld refinements suggest that the titanium does not appear to enter the bulk by this method of exposure. Therefore, reaction products are investigated by x-ray diffraction of completely reacted samples of solvent-mixed versus mechanically milled 3NaAIH(4)+TiCl3. Formation of TiAl3 is observed in mechanically milled materials, but not solution mixed samples, where bonding to THF likely stabilizes Ti-based nano-clusters. The Ti in these clusters is activated by mechanical milling. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Majzoub, EH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-739-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 801 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BY92H UT WOS:000189496100017 ER PT S AU Dillon, AC Parilla, PA Alleman, JL Mahan, AH Gilbert, KEH Jones, KM Heben, MJ AF Dillon, AC Parilla, PA Alleman, JL Mahan, AH Gilbert, KEH Jones, KM Heben, MJ BE Nazri, GA Nazri, M Young, R Chen, P TI Enhancing hydrogen adsorption by metal incorporation in carbon multi-wall nanotubes produced by continuous hot wire chemical vapor deposition SO MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROGEN ECONOMY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Technology for Hydrogen Economy held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE, ChevronTexaco, Toyota Motor Sales USA Inc AB The hydrogen storage properties of carbon single-wall and multi-wall nanotubes (SWNTs and MWNTs), graphitic narrofibers, and other nanostructured carbons have recently become the subject of considerable debate. Reported capacities range from similar to 0-60 wt%. Hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) has recently been adapted for a continuous growth process for high-density carbon MWNTs. Multi-wall nanotube growth is optimized in 1:5 CH4:Ar at 150 Toff with reactor temperatures of 400 and 550degreesC for static and flowing gases, respectively. Ferrocene is employed to provide a gas-phase catalyst. Highly graphitic nanotubes can be continuously deposited with iron content as low as 15 wt% and carbon impurities below thermal gravimetric analysis detection limits. The MWNTs are simply purified to similar to99.5 wt% with minimal structural damage and with a 75 wt% yield. Hydrogen adsorption is observed for low pressures at near ambient temperatures on the as-synthesized MWNTs containing iron nanoparticles. However, no hydrogen adsorption, is observed at near ambient temperatures for the purified MWNTs or for purified MWNTs that were subsequently combined with iron micro/nano-particles via sonication. These results indicate that an intimate metal/graphitic carbon interaction is required for unanticipated hydrogen adsorption at near ambient conditions. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-739-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 801 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BY92H UT WOS:000189496100019 ER PT J AU Haynes, JA Pint, BA Porter, WD Wright, IG AF Haynes, JA Pint, BA Porter, WD Wright, IG TI Comparison of thermal expansion and oxidation behavior of various high-temperature coating materials and superalloys SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE thermal expansion; oxidation; coatings; superalloys ID MODIFIED ALUMINIDE COATINGS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OXIDE SCALE ADHERENCE; REACTIVE-ELEMENT; CYCLIC OXIDATION; RESISTANT COATINGS; BARRIER COATINGS; BOND COATINGS; ADHESION; PLATINUM AB The thermal expansion mismatch between a metallic substrate and its external oxide scale generates a strain on cooling that is a primary cause of spallation of protective oxide scales. This study compares thermal expansion behavior and cyclic oxidation performance of the two major composition classes of high-temperature commercial coatings for protection of single-crystal superalloys. The thermal expansion of cast MCrAlY (M = Ni and/or Co) alloys and cast aluminides (NiAl, (Ni,Pt)Al and Ni(3)Al) was measured at temperatures up to 1300degreesC and compared to that of a single-crystal Ni-base superalloy. The tendency for scale spallation from each alloy was evaluated by cyclic oxidation testing at 1150degreesC. The coefficients of thermal expansion for the aluminides were lower than those of the MCrAlY-based alloys at all temperatures and scale adherence to the Hf-doped aluminides was generally superior. Scale adherence to the various compositions of MCrAlY-type alloys did not directly correlate to their thermal expansion behavior or substrate strength. For both types of materials, the presence of a reactive element (Y,Hf, etc.) had no detectable effect on thermal expansion but a major effect on scale adherence. There was no obvious influence of At content on the thermal expansion of beta phase Ni-Al compositions. The addition of Pt resulted in a lower average thermal expansion for hyperstoichiometric (Ni,Pt)AI at temperatures above 930degreesC, but this effect was not observed in hypostoichiometric (Ni,Pt)AI. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Haynes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 52 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 48 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.3184/096034004782749944 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 839EE UT WOS:000222765300003 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Walker, LR Wright, IG AF Pint, BA Walker, LR Wright, IG TI Characterization of the breakaway al content in alumina-forming alloys SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE residual Al contents; alumina-forming alloys ID TEMPERATURE OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; CYCLIC OXIDATION; DIFFUSIONAL TRANSPORT; COATINGS; PERFORMANCE; ODS-FE3AL; SCALES; STEEL AB Residual Al contents were measured in Fe- and Ni-base alloys in order to improve lifetime prediction models based on the consumption of the Al reservoir. Measurements were made using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) on both foil (50-125 mum thickness) and plate (0.5-2mm) material. For FeCrAl, NiCrAl and Fe3Al plate specimens, significant Al concentration gradients were measured. An Al gradient is not considered in current reservoir type models. Residual Al contents at the onset of breakaway oxidation were somewhat lower than previously reported for several FeCrAl alloys and significantly higher (much greater than10at.%) for Fe3Al and Fe-Al alloys. The implications of these results for performance and lifetime predictions are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 EI 1878-6413 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.3184/096034004782749917 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 874TA UT WOS:000225371500006 ER PT S AU Chiesa, ML Brown, AA Antoun, BR Ostien, JT Regueiro, RA Bammann, DJ Yang, NY AF Chiesa, ML Brown, AA Antoun, BR Ostien, JT Regueiro, RA Bammann, DJ Yang, NY BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Prediction of final material state in multi-stage forging processes SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res AB Multi-stage forging processes are used to manufacture reservoirs for high pressure hydrogen and tritium storage. The warm-forging process is required to produce required macro and microscale forged material properties of 304 and 21-6-9 stainless steel. Strict requirements on the forged material strength, grain size and grain flow are necessitated to inhibit the diffusion of gas which inevitably leads to material embrittlement. Accurate prediction of the final material state requires modeling of each of the forging stages and tracking the material state evolution through each deformation and reheating stage. An internal state variable constitutive model, capable of predicting the high strain rate, temperature dependent material behavior, is developed to predict final material strength and microstructure. History dependent, internal state variables are used to model the isotropic and kinematic hardening, grain size and recrystallization. Numerical methodologies were developed to track and remap material state from one forging stage analysis to the next including the effects of relaxation during reheating. Multi-stage, uniaxial, compression tests were performed over a range of temperatures, strain rates, and strains to validate the constitutive model and methodology. Tensile specimens were taken from several forgings and compared to model predictions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Mech Modeling & Simulat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chiesa, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Mech Modeling & Simulat Dept, MS9042,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Ostien, Jakob/K-7053-2012 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 510 EP 515 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600084 ER PT S AU Rhee, M Wang, P Li, M Becker, R AF Rhee, M Wang, P Li, M Becker, R BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Validation of a 3-D, thermo-mechanically coupled model for multi-pass rolling in a reversing mill SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res ID FRICTION AB A three dimensional numerical model simulating multi-pass, hot rolling on a reversing mill has been developed to analyze deformation patterns and shape changes of a rolled ingot. Validation simulations through 15 passes with an 86% reduction have been performed using the thermo-mechanically coupled model to track the evolution of the deformed ingot geometry. The heat transfer coefficient for thermal conduction between the rolls and slab has been estimated in accordance with experimental data, and heat transfer to the air and coolant outside of the roll bite is included. A hyperbolic sine model using the Zener-Hollomon parameter is used to capture the temperature and strain rate dependence of the aluminum alloy. A Coulomb friction model with a flow strength dependent maximum limit on the interfacial shear stress was employed between the rolls and ingot. Results of validation simulations and comparisons with experiments focusing on the ingot shape evolution are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rhee, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 516 EP 521 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600085 ER PT S AU Gray, GT Cerreta, E Chen, SR Maudlin, PJ AF Gray, GT Cerreta, E Chen, SR Maudlin, PJ BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Influence of deformation mechanisms on the mechanical behavior of metals and alloys: Experiments, constitutive modeling, and validation SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 1693 EP 1693 PG 1 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600281 ER PT S AU Arsenlis, A Becker, R Parks, DM Bulatov, VV AF Arsenlis, A Becker, R Parks, DM Bulatov, VV BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Including dislocation flux in a continuum crystal plasticity model to produce size scale effects SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRAIN LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION; DENSITY AB A novel model has been developed to capture size scale and gradient effects within the context of continuum crystal plasticity by explicitly incorporating details of dislocation transport, coupling dislocation transport to slip, evolving spatial distributions of dislocations consistent with the flux, and capturing the interactions among various dislocation populations. Dislocation flux and density are treated as nodal degrees of freedom in the finite element model, and they are determined as part of the global system of equations. The creation, annihilation and flux of dislocations between elements are related by transport equations. Crystallographic slip is coupled to the dislocation flux and the stress state. The resultant gradients in dislocation density and local lattice rotations are analyzed for geometrically necessary and statistically stored dislocation contents that contribute to strength and hardening. Grain boundaries are treated as surfaces where dislocation flux is restricted depending on the relative orientations of the neighboring grains. Numerical results show different behavior near free surfaces and non-deforming surfaces resulting from differing levels of dislocation transmission. Simulations also show development of dislocation pile-ups at grain boundaries and an increase in flow strength reminiscent of the Hall-Petch model. The dislocation patterns have a characteristic size independent of the numerical discretization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Arsenlis, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 1742 EP 1747 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600291 ER PT S AU Lebensohn, RA Maudlin, PJ Tome, CN AF Lebensohn, RA Maudlin, PJ Tome, CN BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Viscoplastic selfconsistent modelling of the anisotropic behavior of voided polycrystals SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res ID NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; FORMULATION; PREDICTION; ZIRCONIUM AB In this work we consider the presence of ellipsoidal voids inside polycrystals submitted to large strain deformation. For this purpose, the originally incompressible viscoplastic selfconsistent (VPSC) formulation has been extended to deal with compressible polycrystals. Such an extended model allows us to account for porosity evolution in voided polycrystals, while preserving the anisotropy and crystallographic capabilities of the VPSC formulation. We present several applications of this extended VPSC model, which address the coupling between texture, plastic anisotropy, void shape, triaxiality, and porosity evolution. We also discuss the implementation of a multiscale calculation using the present compressible VPSC as constitutive routine inside dynamic FEM codes, for the simulation of deformation processes in which both anisotropy and cavitation become relevant aspects of microstructural evolution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 1771 EP 1776 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600296 ER PT S AU Chiesa, ML Jones, RE Perano, KJ Kolda, TG AF Chiesa, ML Jones, RE Perano, KJ Kolda, TG BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Parallel optimization of forging processes for optimal material properties SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res AB Validated, internal state variable constitutive models are developed to model the complex multistage forging process and predict the final forging strength and microstructure. Optimization methodologies are then used on a high performance, parallel computer to design the forging dies and temperatures that would meet minimum and maximum strength requirements and result in maximum strength uniformity. Each node on the parallel computer solves a unique finite element simulation including parametric meshing, post-processing and metric determination. Nine shape parameters and one process parameter (temperature) are optimized to reduce strength non-uniformity. The final process design, based on over 360 finite element simulations, meets all material requirements and results in a near uniform strength part. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Mech Modeling & Simulat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chiesa, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Mech Modeling & Simulat Dept, MS9042,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009 OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 2080 EP 2084 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600349 ER PT J AU Nayak, S Wang, H Dahotre, NB AF Nayak, S Wang, H Dahotre, NB TI Thermography during laser surface melting of cast aluminium alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared thermography; laser surface melting; A319; cellular dendrites ID ELECTRON-BEAM AB In situ high speed IR thermographs captured during laser surface melting of A319 enabled estimation of maximum temperature, temperature gradient and cooling rate. In light of limited spatial and time resolutions of the IR camera, a one-dimensional heat transfer model was adopted for estimating the cooling rate. The cooling rate so estimated provided a range of cell size that closely matched with the experimentally observed cell size. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nayak, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1609 EP 1614 DI 10.1179/026708304X4358 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 884RQ UT WOS:000226104100018 ER PT S AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Tamura, N Valek, BC Spolenak, R Bravman, JC Patel, JR AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Tamura, N Valek, BC Spolenak, R Bravman, JC Patel, JR BE Carter, RJ HauRiege, CS Lu, TM Schulz, SE TI Coupling between precipitation and plastic deformation during electromigration in a passivated al (0.5wt%Cu) interconnect SO MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGY AND RELIABILITY FOR ADVANCED INTERCONNECTS AND LOW-K DIELECTRICS-2004 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Synposium on Materials, Technology and Reliability for Advanced Interconnects and Low-k Dielectrics held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Soc Res, AMD Saxony LLC & Co KG, Dow Chem Co, Honeywell Elect Mat, Intel Corp, LSI Log Corp ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PERCENT CU; THIN-FILMS; METAL LINES; GP ZONES; ARRANGEMENTS; RESOLUTION; ALLOYS; STRESS; DAMAGE AB In the present paper the evolution of the dislocation structure during electromigration in different regions along the AI(Cu) interconnect line is considered, It is shown that plastic deformation increases in the regions close to cathode end of the interconnect line. A coupling between the dissolution, growth and re-precipitation of Al2Cu precipitates and the electromigration-induced plastic deformation of grains in interconnects is observed. Possible mechanism of the Cu doping effect on the improved electromigration resistance of the AI(Cu) interconnects is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-762-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 812 BP 351 EP 360 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA60 UT WOS:000224422400055 ER PT J AU Watanabe, S Koike, T Suda, T Ohnuki, S Takahashi, H Lam, NQ AF Watanabe, S Koike, T Suda, T Ohnuki, S Takahashi, H Lam, NQ TI Metastable defect cluster formation during radiation-induced amorphization in NiTi SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE radiation-induced amorphization; disordering; nickel-titanium; molecular dynamics; high-voltage electron microscopy ID STRUCTURAL FLUCTUATIONS; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; SIMULATION AB Chemical and topological disorderings in the NiTi intermetallic compound during electron irradiation were studied using a combination of in situ irradiation inside a high-resolution high-voltage electron microscope and image analyses of molecular-dynamics-simulated atom configurations. It was found that metastable defect clusters formed during the chemical-disordering phase prior to topological disordering leading to amorphization. These planar defect clusters contributed to the characteristic diffuse scattering were also observed in selected-area diffraction patterns. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Div Mat Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Adv Res Energy Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Watanabe, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Div Mat Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. RI seiichi, watanabe/E-2622-2012 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.2320/matertrans.45.24 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 804BX UT WOS:000220275300006 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN Kitanidis, PK Watson, D Jardine, P AF Fienen, MN Kitanidis, PK Watson, D Jardine, P TI An application of Bayesian inverse methods to vertical deconvolution of hydraulic conductivity in a heterogeneous aquifer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flowmeter; heterogeneity; fractured aquifer ID CONTAMINANT SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; INTERPOLATION; ENTROPY AB A Bayesian inverse method is applied to two electromagnetic flowmeter tests conducted in fractured weathered shale at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Traditional deconvolution of flowmeter tests is also performed using a deterministic first-difference approach; furthermore, ordinary kriging was applied on the first-difference results to provide an additional method yielding the best estimate and confidence intervals. Depth-averaged bulk hydraulic conductivity information was available from previous testing. The three methods deconvolute the vertical profile of lateral hydraulic conductivity. A linear generalized covariance function combined with a zoning approach was used to describe structure. Nonnegativity was enforced by using a power transformation. Data screening prior to calculations was critical to obtaining reasonable results, and the quantified uncertainty estimates obtained by the inverse method led to the discovery of questionable data at the end of the process. The best estimates obtained using the inverse method and kriging compared favorably with first-difference confirmatory calculations, and all three methods were consistent with the geology at the site. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fienen@stanford.edu RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1 BP 101 EP 126 DI 10.1023/B:MATG.0000016232.71993.bd PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 774YB UT WOS:000189013000005 ER PT J AU Lyness, JN Sorevik, T AF Lyness, JN Sorevik, T TI Four-dimensional lattice rules generated by skew-circulant matrices SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE multidimensional cubature; optimal lattice rules; skew-circulant matrices; K-optimal rules, and optimal trigonometric rules AB We introduce the class of skew-circulant lattice rules. These are s-dimensional lattice rules that may be generated by the rows of an s x s skew-circulant matrix. (This is a minor variant of the familiar circulant matrix.) We present briefly some of the underlying theory of these matrices and rules. We are particularly interested in finding rules of specified trigonometric degree d. We describe some of the results of computer-based searches for optimal four-dimensional skew-circulant rules. Besides determining optimal rules for delta = d + 1 less than or equal to 47; we have constructed an in finite sequence of rules (Q) over cap that has a limit rho index of 27/34 approximate to 0.79. This index is an efficiency measure, which cannot exceed 1, and is inversely proportional to the abscissa count. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Lyness, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lyness@mcs.anl.gov; tor.sorevik@ii.uib.no NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2004 VL 73 IS 245 BP 279 EP 295 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 730VJ UT WOS:000185850600015 ER PT J AU Swarztrauber, PN Spotz, WF AF Swarztrauber, PN Spotz, WF TI Spherical harmonic projectors SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE spectral method; spherical harmonics; projections AB The harmonic projection (HP), which is implicit in the numerous harmonic transforms between physical and spectral spaces, is responsible for the reliability of the spectral method for modeling geophysical phenomena. As currently configured, the HP consists of a forward transform from physical to spectral space (harmonic analysis) immediately followed by a harmonic synthesis back to physical space. Unlike its Fourier counterpart in Cartesian coordinates, the HP does not identically reconstruct the original function on the surface of the sphere but rather replaces it with a weighted least-squares approximation. The importance of the HP is that it uniformly resolves waves on the surface of the sphere and therefore eliminates high frequencies that are artificially induced by the clustering of grid points in the neighborhood of the poles. The HP also maintains spectral accuracy when combined with the double Fourier method. Originally the HP required O(N-3) storage where N is the number of latitudinal points. However, this was recently reduced to O(N-2) using an algorithm that also provided a savings of up to 50 percent in compute time. The HP was also generalized to an arbitrary latitudinal distribution of points. However, the HP as a composite of analysis and synthesis can be subject to considerable error depending on the point distribution. Here we de fine a variant of the traditional HP that is well conditioned, with condition number 1, for any point distribution. In addition, storage requirements are further reduced because the projections corresponding to all longitudinal wave numbers m are expressed in terms of a single orthogonal matrix. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Sandia Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Swarztrauber, PN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pauls@ucar.edu; wfspotz@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2004 VL 73 IS 246 BP 753 EP 760 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 780FQ UT WOS:000189362000013 ER PT S AU Hawley, ME Wrobleski, DA Orler, EB Houlton, R Chitanvis, KE Brown, GW Hanson, DE AF Hawley, ME Wrobleski, DA Orler, EB Houlton, R Chitanvis, KE Brown, GW Hanson, DE BE Ovidko, I Pande, CS Krishnamoorti, R Lavernia, E Skandan, G TI Mechanical properties and filler distribution as a function of filler content in silica filled PDMS samples SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND NANOCOMPOSITES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials and Nanocomposites held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN Off Naval Res, Hysitron Corp ID RUBBER AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase imaging and tensile stress-strain measurements are used to study a series of model compression molded fumed silica filled polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) samples with filter content of zero, 20, 35, and 50 parts per hundred (phr) to determine the relationship between filler content and stress-strain properties. AFM phase imaging was used to determine filler size, degree of aggregation, and distribution within the soft PDMS matrix. A small tensile stage was used to measure mechanical properties. Samples were not pulled to break in order to study Mullins and aging effects. Several identical 35 phr samples were subjected to an initial stress, and then one each was reevaluated over intervals up to 26 weeks to determine the degree to which these samples recovered their initial stress-strain behavior as a function of time. One sample was tested before and after heat treatment to determine if heating accelerated recovery of the stress-strain behavior. The effect of filler surface treatment on mechanical properties was examined for two samples containing 35 phr filler treated or untreated with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ), respectively. Fiduciary marks were used on several samples to determine permanent set. 35 phr filler samples were found to give the optimum mechanical properties. A clear Mullins effect was seen. Within experimental error, no change was seen in mechanical behavior as a function of time or heat-treatment. The mechanical properties of the sample containing the HDMZ treated silica were adversely affected. AFM phase images revealed aggregation and nonuniform distribution of the filler for all samples. Finally, a permanent set of about 3 to 6 percent was observed for the 35 phr samples. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hawley, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST8, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-729-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 791 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BY87K UT WOS:000189483900012 ER PT J AU Soboyejo, WO Dauskardt, R Ritchie, RO AF Soboyejo, WO Dauskardt, R Ritchie, RO TI Special issue on fatigue of advanced materials - Preface SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Soboyejo, WO (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1 Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/S0167-6636(03)00026-7 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 746GV UT WOS:000186739400001 ER PT J AU Muhlstein, CL Howe, RT Ritchie, RO AF Muhlstein, CL Howe, RT Ritchie, RO TI Fatigue of polycrystalline silicon for microelectromechanical system applications: crack growth and stability under resonant loading conditions SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatigue of Advanced Materials CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE fatigue; MEMS; resonance; polycrystalline silicon; crack stability ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; THIN-FILMS; TENSILE-STRENGTH; POLYSILICON; SPECIMEN; BEAM; MECHANISM; FAILURE AB Although bulk silicon is not known to exhibit susceptibility to cyclic fatigue, micron-scale structures made from silicon films are known to be vulnerable to degradation by fatigue in ambient air environments, a phenomenon that has been recently modeled in terms of a mechanism of sequential oxidation and stress-corrosion cracking of the native oxide layer. To date, most stress-life (S/N) fatigue tests on such silicon films have been conducted using resonant-loaded specimens. Consequently, there is a need to establish the interaction between the dynamic loading and the driving force for fatigue-crack growth. In this paper, finite element models are used to establish the relationship between natural frequency, specimen compliance, and linear-elastic stress-intensity factor for a commonly used micron-scale, micromechanical fatigue characterization structure. These results are then incorporated into a general, lumped parameter model to evaluate the stability of fatigue cracks in resonant-loaded structures. It is well known that the applied stress amplitude and corresponding driving force for crack advance depend on the system damping, as well as sample geometry. Consequently, changes in damping caused by cycling in different environments can have a significant mechanical effect on the stability of fatigue cracks. In the case of the fatigue characterization structure used by the authors, the models show that tests conducted at atmospheric pressure subject cracks to a monotonically increasing driving force for crack advance. However, when the damping in the system is reduced (e.g., by testing in vacuo) fatigue cracks may arrest, independent of environmental effects on crack growth. Therefore, testing of structures loaded in resonance at a fixed natural frequency in vacuum should not be considered equivalent to an "inert" atmosphere. Finally, the finite element models are applied to polycrystalline silicon structural films to determine the critical crack lengths (similar to5.5-66 nm) and an average fracture toughness (similar to0.85 MPa rootm) from specimens subjected to fatigue cycling at stress amplitudes ranging from similar to2.2 to 3.5 GPa. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensors & Actuators Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clm28@psu.edu; howe@eecs.berkeley.edu; roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Muhlstein, Christopher/0000-0002-5928-068X NR 50 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 EI 1872-7743 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S0167-6636(03)00028-0 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 746GV UT WOS:000186739400003 ER PT J AU Kruzic, JJ McNaney, JM Cannon, RM Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, JJ McNaney, JM Cannon, RM Ritchie, RO TI Effects of plastic constraint on the cyclic and static fatigue behavior of metal/ceramic layered structures SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatigue of Advanced Materials CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE interface fracture; fatigue-crack growth; stress-corrosion cracking; plastic constraint; alumina; aluminum ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; CERAMIC-METAL INTERFACES; GRAIN-BRIDGING CERAMICS; CRACK-GROWTH; MONOLITHIC ALUMINA; STRESS-CORROSION; FRICTIONAL-WEAR; PROPAGATION; STRENGTH; SPECIMENS AB The role of metal layer thickness and resultant plastic constraint in the metal layer during the failure of metal/ceramic layered structures is examined under cyclic and static loading conditions. Crack-growth experiments were conducted on sandwich specimens consisting of 99.999% pure aluminum layers bonded between 99.5% pure polycrystalline alumina with the metal layer thickness varying from 5 to 100 mum. Under cyclic loading, crack growth occurred primarily at the interface separating the two materials; additionally, stable fatigue cracks deviated into the alumina for thin-layered samples at high driving forces. Under monotonically increasing loads, the fracture toughness increased with Al layer thickness, whereas under cyclic loads the threshold driving force for crack growth conversely decreased with increasing layer thickness. Under static loading in a moist environment, interfacial crack growth was never observed at measurable rates (greater than or equal to10(-9) m/s) for driving forces up to 200 J/m(2); however, for thin-layered samples, suberitical cracks did deviate off the interface and grow, sometimes stably, into the alumina. Trends in crack-growth rates and crack trajectories are examined in terms of the level of constraint, loading conditions and environmental influences. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; McNaney, James/F-5258-2013; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 60 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0167-6636(03)00031-0 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 746GV UT WOS:000186739400006 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Wang, H Liaw, PK Brooks, CR Klarstrom, DL AF Jiang, L Wang, H Liaw, PK Brooks, CR Klarstrom, DL TI Temperature evolution during low-cycle fatigue of ULTIMET (R) alloy: experiment and modeling SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatigue of Advanced Materials CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; METALS; SUPERALLOY; BEHAVIOR; STRESS AB The temperature variations of a cobalt-based ULTIMET alloy subjected to low-cycle fatigue were characterized by a high-speed, high-resolution infrared thermography. The change of temperature during fatigue, which was due to the thermal-elastic plastic effect, was utilized to reveal the accumulation of fatigue damage. A constitutive model was developed for predicting the thermal and mechanical responses of ULTIMET alloy subjected to cyclic deformation. The model was constructed in light of internal state variables, which were developed to characterize the inelastic strain of the material during cyclic loading. The predicted stress-strain and temperature responses were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Haynes Int Inc, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RP GE GRC, Ceram & Mat Technol, Bldg K1 MB243, Niskayuna, NY 12301 USA. EM jiang@crd.ge.com RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 EI 1872-7743 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0167-6636(03)00032-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 746GV UT WOS:000186739400007 ER PT J AU Chen, LJ Liaw, PK Wang, H He, YH McDaniels, RL Jiang, L Yang, B Klarstrom, DL AF Chen, LJ Liaw, PK Wang, H He, YH McDaniels, RL Jiang, L Yang, B Klarstrom, DL TI Cyclic deformation behavior of HAYNES (R) HR-120 (R) superalloy under low-cycle fatigue loading SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatigue of Advanced Materials CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE superalloy; low-cycle fatigue; cyclic stress response; thermography; temperature; dynamic-strain aging; fatigue life; model ID PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; HASTELLOY-X; STRAIN-RATE; TEMPERATURE; ALLOY; MECHANISMS; DAMAGE; TESTS; TIME AB The cyclic deformation behavior of HAYNES(R) HR-120(R) superalloy at different temperatures ranging from 24 to 982 degreesC was investigated by performing fully reversed total strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue tests under the total strain ranges of 0.4-2.3%. It was noted that in most cases, increasing the temperature from 24 to 982 degreesC significantly decreased the fatigue lives. The alloy exhibited the cyclic hardening, softening, or stable cyclic stress response, which was dependent on the temperature and total strain range. Dynamic-strain aging was found to occur at both temperatures of 761 and 871 degreesC. The precipitation of secondary-phase particles was also observed above 761degreesC. The change in the microstructure due to cyclic deformation was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, an advanced infrared thermography system was employed to monitor the temperature evolution during fatigue at 24 degreesC. It was noted that during low-cycle fatigue, the steady-state temperature of the specimens increased from 2 to 120 degreesC above room temperature, depending on the strain range and fatigue life. Thus, the measured temperature can be used to predict fatigue life. A model based on energy conservation and one-dimensional heat conduction was used to predict the temperature evolution resulting from low-cycle fatigue. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Shenyang Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shenyang 110023, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Haynes Int Inc, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RP Liaw, PK (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 435 Dougherty, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0167-6636(03)00033-4 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 746GV UT WOS:000186739400008 ER PT J AU Okuyama, J Okuyama, J Okuyama, J Tamatsu, Y Shimada, K Hoshi, H Iwai, J AF Okuyama, J Okuyama, J Okuyama, J Tamatsu, Y Shimada, K Hoshi, H Iwai, J TI The arterial circle of Willis of the mouse helps to decipher secrets of cerebral vascular accidents in the human SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC MYOCYTES; BRAIN; RAT; HYPERTROPHY; EXPRESSION; ISCHEMIA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CIRCULATION; DOLPHIN; STROKE AB The human brain represents an elaborate product of hominizing evolution. Likewise, its supporting vasculature may also embody evolutionary consequences. Thus, it is conceivable that the human tendency to develop cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) might represent a disease of hominization. In a search for hominizing changes on the arterial circle of Willis (hWAC), we attempted an anatomical comparison of the hWAC with that of the mouse (mWAC) by injecting aliquots of resin into the vasculature of the mouse and then creating vascular endocasts of the mWAC. The internal carotid artery of the mouse (mICA) unites with the mWAC midway between the middle cerebral artery (mMCA) and posterior cerebral artery (mPCA). The mWAC does not complete a circle: the mWAC nourishes the anterior portion of the circle which branches out to the olfactory artery (OlfA) and mPCA, along with the mMCA, and the basilar artery (mBA) does not connect to the mPCA. The OlfA is thicker than the mMCA. The relative brain weight of the mouse was 74 g on average for a 60 kg mate and 86 g for a 60 kg female, respectively, as compared with 1424 g for a 60 kg man. These findings are consistent with the mouse being a nocturnal carnivore that lives on olfactory information in contrast to the human that lives diurnally and depends on visual and auditory information. In man, the human ICA (hICA) unites with the hWAC at a point where the human middle cerebral. artery (hMCA) branches out, and thus, blood from the hICA does not flow through the hWAC but drains into the hMCA directly. The hMCA is thicker than the anterior cerebral artery. The hPCA receives blood from the hBA rather than from the hICA, and thus, the entire hWAC forms a closed circuit. Since the hICA drains directly into the hMCA without flowing a distance through the hWAC, the capacitor and equalizer functions of the WAC wilt be mitigated so much that the resultant hemodynamic changes would render the hMCA more likely to contribute to CVAs. C1 Evolut Dis Lab, Sendai, Miyagi 9813122, Japan. Kagoshima Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Anat Dent Sci, Kagoshima 8908544, Japan. Nihon Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Tokyo 1730032, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Evolut Dis Lab, Kamo 4-4-5, Sendai, Miyagi 9813122, Japan. EM shinichiokuyama@evolution-of-diseases-lab.org NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 EI 1532-2777 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PY 2004 VL 63 IS 6 BP 997 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.012.055 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 871JV UT WOS:000225128500011 ER PT S AU Qi, JY Huesman, RH AF Qi, JY Huesman, RH BE Chakraborty, DP Eckstein, MP TI Fast approach to evaluate MAP reconstruction for lesion detection and localization SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2004: IMAGE PERCEPTION, OBSERVER PERFORMANCE, AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2004 Conference CY FEB 17-19, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Phys Med, Amer Physiol Soc, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol ID LIKELIHOOD IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION PROPERTIES; PENALIZED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; NOISE PROPERTIES; PET; SPECT; TRANSMISSION; OBSERVERS AB Lesion detection is an important task in emission tomography. Localization ROC (LROC) studies are often used to analyze the lesion detection and localization performance. Most researchers rely on Monte Carlo reconstruction samples to obtain LROC curves, which can be very time-consuming for iterative algorithms. In this paper we develop a fast approach to obtain LROC curves that does not require Monte Carlo reconstructions. We use a channelized Hotelling observer model to search for lesions, and the results can be easily extended to other numerical observers. We theoretically analyzed the mean and covariance of the observer output. Assuming the observer outputs are multivariate Gaussian random variables, an LROC curve can be directly generated by integrating the conditional probability density functions. The high-dimensional integrals are calculated using a Monte Carlo method. The proposed approach is very fast because no iterative reconstruction is involved. Computer simulations show that the results of the proposed method match well with those obtained using the tradition LROC analysis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5285-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5372 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1117/12.535916 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAE73 UT WOS:000221900500032 ER PT S AU Reutter, BW Algazi, VR Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Reutter, BW Algazi, VR Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH BE Fitzpatrick, JM Sonka, M TI Edge preserving smoothing and segmentation of 4-D images via transversely isotropic scale-space processing and fingerprint analysis SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2004: IMAGE PROCESSING, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2004 Conference CY FEB 17-19, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Phys Med, Amer Physiol Soc, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE multiscale 4-D image processing; feature extraction; segmentation ID B-SPLINES AB Enhancements are described for an approach that unifies edge preserving smoothing with segmentation of time sequences of volumetric images, based on differential edge detection at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Potential applications of these 4-D methods include segmentation of respiratory gated positron emission tomography (PET) transmission images to improve accuracy of attenuation correction for imaging heart and lung lesions, and segmentation of dynamic cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPELT) images to facilitate unbiased estimation of time-activity curves and kinetic parameters for left ventricular volumes of interest. Improved segmentation of lung surfaces in simulated respiratory gated cardiac PET transmission images is achieved with a 4-D edge detection operator composed of edge preserving 1-D operators applied in various spatial and temporal directions. Smoothing along the axis of a 1-D operator is driven by structure separation seen in the scale-space fingerprint, rather than by image contrast. Spurious noise structures are reduced with use of small-scale isotropic smoothing in directions transverse to the 1-D operator axis. Analytic expressions are obtained for directional derivatives of the smoothed, edge preserved image, and the expressions are used to compose a 4-D operator that detects edges as zero-crossings in the second derivative in the direction of the image intensity gradient. Additional improvement in segmentation is anticipated with use of multiscale transversely isotropic smoothing and a novel interpolation method that improves the behavior of the directional derivatives. The interpolation method is demonstrated on a simulated 1-D edge and incorporation of the method into the 4-D algorithm is described. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reutter, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5283-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5370 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1117/12.535761 PG 9 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAI44 UT WOS:000222378600070 ER PT S AU Jung, DL Dixon, WE Pin, FOG AF Jung, DL Dixon, WE Pin, FOG BE Westwood, JD Haluck, RS Hoffman, HM Mogel, GT Phillips, R Robb, RA TI Automated kinematic generator for surgical robotic systems SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 12: BUILDING A BETTER YOU: THE NEXT TOOLS FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION, DIAGNOSIS , AND CARE SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Medicine Meets Virtual Reality CY JAN 15-17, 2004 CL Newport Beach, CA AB Unlike traditional assembly line robotic systems that have a fixed kinematic structure associated with a single tool for a structured task, next-generation robotic surgical assist systems will be required to use an array of end-effector tools. Once a robot is connected with a tool, the kinematic equations of motion are altered. Given the need to accommodate evolving surgical challenges and to alleviate the restrictions imposed by the confined minimally invasive environment, new surgical tools may resemble small flexible snakes rather than rigid, cable driven instruments. Connecting to these developing articulated tools will significantly alter the overall kinematic structure of a robotic system. In this paper we present a technique for real-time automated generation and evaluation of manipulator kinematic equations that exhibits the combined advantages of existing methods-speed and flexibility to kinematic change - without their disadvantages. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 1-58603-404-9 J9 STUD HEALTH TECHNOL PY 2004 VL 98 BP 144 EP 146 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services GA BAH86 UT WOS:000222326200034 PM 15544260 ER PT S AU Noakes, MW Dixon, WE AF Noakes, MW Dixon, WE BE Westwood, JD Haluck, RS Hoffman, HM Mogel, GT Phillips, R Robb, RA TI Ergonomic interface concepts for minimally invasive, remote, and virtual surgical systems SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 12: BUILDING A BETTER YOU: THE NEXT TOOLS FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION, DIAGNOSIS , AND CARE SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Medicine Meets Virtual Reality CY JAN 15-17, 2004 CL Newport Beach, CA AB Traditional open surgical techniques require a surgeon to assume a posture of leaning over the patient with a direct eye-to-hand perspective. As new minimally invasive and remote surgical procedures evolve, the surgeon is not required to maintain the same posture as in open techniques. While more ergonomic postures may be facilitated, some current remote systems have maintained surgeon configurations that are small variants of legacy postures (e.g., maintaining the eye to hand perspective). While the legacy configuration may be more familiar with some surgeons, studies have indicated that it can result in excessive fatigue. Robotics and human factors researchers have determined that fatigue due to inefficiencies in operator interfaces lead to longer completion times and increased task execution errors. This paper discusses operator interface design issues and guidelines that are relevant to remote and minimally invasive surgery, and presents one possible operator interface solution based on the compact remote console deployed for environmental restoration and remote handling of hazardous nuclear waste. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Noakes, MW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 1-58603-404-9 J9 ST HEAL T PY 2004 VL 98 BP 275 EP 277 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services GA BAH86 UT WOS:000222326200062 PM 15544288 ER PT S AU Webster, JR Dyck, CW Friedmann, TA Sullivan, JP Nordquist, CD Carton, AJ Kraus, GM Schmidt, GD AF Webster, JR Dyck, CW Friedmann, TA Sullivan, JP Nordquist, CD Carton, AJ Kraus, GM Schmidt, GD BE Janson, SW Henning, AK TI Development of an amorphous diamond (a-D) RF MEMS switch SO MEMS/MOEMS COMPONENTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE dielectric charging; RF MEMS; capacitive switch ID CARBON AB We have developed radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) capacitive switches using amorphous diamond (a-D) as a novel tunable dielectric with controlled leakage. The switch is fabricated from sputtered and electroplated metals using surface micromachining techniques. The mechanical stress and resistivity of the a-D dielectric are controlled by the parameters of a high-temperature annealing process. These initial devices exhibit a down-state capacitance of 2.6 pF, giving an isolation of better than 18 dB at 18 GHz, and a predicted static power dissipation of 10 nW. This technology is promising for the development of reliable, low power RF MEMS switches. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrwebst@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5252-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5344 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.527969 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY73M UT WOS:000189450400010 ER PT S AU Dyck, CW Plut, TA Nordquist, CD Finnegan, PS Austin, F Reines, I Goldsmith, C AF Dyck, CW Plut, TA Nordquist, CD Finnegan, PS Austin, F Reines, I Goldsmith, C BE Janson, SW Henning, AK TI Fabrication and characterization of ohmic contacting RF MEMS switches SO MEMS/MOEMS COMPONENTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE RF MEMS; switch; surface micromachining; microwave AB We have fabricated and characterized radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) ohmic switches for applications in discrete tunable filters and phase shifters over a frequency range of 0 to 20 GHz. Our previously reported cantilever switches [1] have been redesigned for higher isolation and are now achieving 22 dB of isolation at 10 GHz. The measured insertion loss is 0.15 dB at 10 GHz. We have also fabricated and characterized new devices, designated "crab" switches, to increase isolation and contact forces relative to the cantilever desion. The measured insertion loss and isolation are 0.1 dB per switch at 20 GHz and 22 dB at 10 GHz, respectively. A simple and accurate equivalent model has been developed, consisting of a transmission line segment and either a series capacitor to represent the blocking state or a series resistor to represent the passing state. Experimental analysis of the switch shows that high contact and substrate capacitive coupling degrades the isolation performance. Simulations indicate that the isolation improves to 30 dB at 10 GHz by reducing these capacitances. The crab switch design has a measured contact force of 120 muN, which represents a factor of four increase over the cantilever switch contact force and results in consistent, low-loss performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dyck, CW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5252-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5344 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.527984 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY73M UT WOS:000189450400011 ER PT S AU Lee, KT Cleghorn, T Cucinotta, F Pinsky, L Zeitlin, C AF Lee, KT Cleghorn, T Cucinotta, F Pinsky, L Zeitlin, C BE Grard, R Masson, PL Gombosi, TI TI Heavy ion observations by MARIE in cruise phase and Mars orbit SO MERCURY, MARS AND SATURN SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE MARIE; space radiation AB The charged particle spectrum for nuclei from protons to neon, (charge Z = 10) was observed during the cruise phase and orbit around Mars by the MARIE charged particle spectrometer on the Odyssey spacecraft. The cruise data were taken between April 23, 2001 and mid-August 2001. The Mars orbit data were taken March 5, 2002 through May 2002 and are scheduled to continue until August 2004. Charge peaks are clearly separated for charges up to Z = 10. Especially prominent are the carbon and oxygen peaks, with boron and nitrogen also clearly visible. Although heavy ions are much less abundant than protons in the cosmic ray environment, it is important to determine their abundances because their ionization energy losses (proportional to Z(2)) are far more dangerous to humans and to instruments. Thus the higher charged nuclei make a significant contribution to dose and dose equivalent received in space. Results of the charged particle spectrum measurements will be reported. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, KT (reprint author), Univ Houston, 4800 Calhoun, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ktlee@ems.jsc.nasa.gov NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2211 EP 2214 DI 10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00519-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ38 UT WOS:000222530600015 PM 15791733 ER PT S AU Cleghorn, TF Saganti, PB Zeitlin, CJ Cucinotta, FA AF Cleghorn, TF Saganti, PB Zeitlin, CJ Cucinotta, FA BE Grard, R Masson, PL Gombosi, TI TI Solar particle events observed at Mars: dosimetry measurements and model calculations SO MERCURY, MARS AND SATURN SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE cosmic rays; solar particle events; Mars radiation environment AB During the period from March 13, 2002 to mid-September, 2002, six solar particle events (SPE) were observed by the MARIE instrument onboard the Odyssey Spacecraft in Martian Orbit. These events were observed also by the GOES 8 satellite in Earth orbit, and thus represent the first time that the same SPE have been observed at these separate locations. The characteristics of these SPE are examined, given that the active regions of the solar disc from which the event originated can usually be identified. The dose rates at Martian orbit are calculated, both for the galactic and solar components of the ionizing particle radiation environment. The dose rates due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) agree well with the HZETRN model calculations. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Webster, TX 77598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cleghorn, TF (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Rd 1,Mail Code SN3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM tcleghor@ems.jsc.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2215 EP 2218 DI 10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00518-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ38 UT WOS:000222530600016 PM 15791734 ER PT S AU Atwell, W Saganti, P Cucinotta, FA Zeitlin, CJ AF Atwell, W Saganti, P Cucinotta, FA Zeitlin, CJ BE Grard, R Masson, PL Gombosi, TI TI A space radiation shielding model of the Martian radiation environment experiment (MARIE) SO MERCURY, MARS AND SATURN SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE radiation shielding model; Mars radiation environment; MARIE AB The 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft was launched towards Mars on April 7, 2001. Onboard the spacecraft is the Martian radiation environment experiment (MARIE), which is designed to measure the background radiation environment due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar protons in the 20-500 MeV/n energy range. We present an approach for developing a space radiation-shielding model of the spacecraft that includes the MARIE instrument in the current mapping phase orientation. A discussion is presented describing the development and methodology used to construct the shielding model. For a given GCR model environment, using the current MARIE shielding model and the high-energy particle transport codes, dose rate values are compared with MARIE measurements during the early mapping phase in Mars orbit. The results show good agreement between the model calculations and the MARIE measurements as presented for the March 2002 dataset. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boeing Co, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Atwell, W (reprint author), Boeing Co, 13100 Space Ctr Blvd,Mail Code HZ1-10, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM bigshot@houston.rr.com NR 2 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2219 EP 2221 DI 10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00527-1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ38 UT WOS:000222530600017 PM 15791735 ER PT S AU Fan, HY Brinker, J AF Fan, HY Brinker, J BE Terasaki, O TI Evaporation-induced self-assembly to functional nanostructures SO MESOPOROUS CRYSTALS AND RELATED NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Mesoporous Crystals and Related Nano-Structures Materials CY JUN 01-05, 2004 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN ID MESOPOROUS SILICA FILMS; THIN-FILMS; IN-SITU; MESOSCOPIC SILICA; NANOCOMPOSITE; MESOPHASES; AZOBENZENE; COPOLYMERS; MONOLAYERS; MORPHOLOGY C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem Synth & Nanomat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, NSF Ctr Microengineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fan, HY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem Synth & Nanomat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51720-0 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2004 VL 148 BP 213 EP 240 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BBA50 UT WOS:000224407700010 ER PT J AU Gall, K Biallas, G Maier, HJ Gullett, P Horstemeyer, MF McDowell, DL AF Gall, K Biallas, G Maier, HJ Gullett, P Horstemeyer, MF McDowell, DL TI In-situ observations of low-cycle fatigue damage in cast AM60B magnesium in an environmental scanning electron microscope SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; CORROSION-FATIGUE; CRACK PROPAGATION; ALLOY AZ91; ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; CLOSURE; LIFE AB We present in-situ observations of low-cycle fatigue damage in cast AM60B magnesium. The in-situ fatigue tests were conducted in an environmental scanning electron microscope under both high vacuum and 20 Torr of water vapor. In both environments, fatigue cracks were observed to form and grow within the dendrite cells and through the interdendritic regions. Crack formation and growth through the dendrite cells proceeded along persistent slip bands. The persistent slip bands were typically oriented at about 45 deg with respect to the loading axis and were more frequently observed in relatively large dendrite cells. Crack formation and growth through the Mg interdendritic regions, laden with Al-Mg intermetallic particles, was facilitated by slip incompatibilities in adjacent dendrite cells, microporosity, and damaged second-phase particles. The detectable "crack-formation" size at slip bands and within interdendritic regions was typically equivalent to the dendrite cell size (DCS), since cracks rapidly spanned this distance once nucleated. Cracks formed during cycling in vacuum were more uniformly distributed and showed a lack of complete closure upon unloading, in contrast to cracks formed during cycling in water vapor. The cracks formed in water vapor were much more isolated and showed indication of significant environmental attack and associated embrittlement at the crack tip, as evidenced by the near-perfect mating of crack faces upon unloading. Final fracture occurred by the coalescence of numerous cracks throughout the microstructure, distributed differently depending on the testing environment. The water-vapor environment accelerated the formation of selected, isolated cracks, leading to more localized damage compared to the highly distributed damage growth and coalescence observed in the material cycled in vacuum. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Lehrstuhl Werkstoffkunde, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Gall, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Kenneth.Gall@colorado.edu OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35A IS 1 BP 321 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0133-5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 762VP UT WOS:000188003100032 ER PT J AU Coulter, RL Kallistratova, MA AF Coulter, RL Kallistratova, MA TI Two decades of progress in sodar techniques: a review of 11 ISARS proceedings SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing and Associated Techniques CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL ROME, ITALY SP Int Soc Acoust Remote Sensing AB For 20 years the biennial symposia organized by the International Society for Acoustic Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans and Associated Techniques (ISARS) have been held in different countries. The original papers collected in the proceedings of the symposia reflect the development of ideas, equipment, and methods, plus results obtained in the area. The spectrum of themes discussed at the symposia is broad. More than 60% of the papers were devoted to the role of sodars in atmospheric boundary-layer research. This paper presents an overview of the development of sodar technique as elucidated in the proceedings of 11 ISARS symposia. Topics include (1) instrumentation, (2) methods of measuring different meteorological quantities and their turbulence characteristics, and (3) validating the methods by comparison of sodar data with in situ measurements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Obukhov Inst Astropher Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Coulter, RL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rlcoulter@anl.gov NR 156 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s00703-003-0030-2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770UR UT WOS:000188749600002 ER PT J AU Kallistratova, MA Coulter, RL AF Kallistratova, MA Coulter, RL TI Application of sodars in the study and monitoring of the environment SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing and Associated Techniques CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL ROME, ITALY SP Int Soc Acoust Remote Sensing AB Application of acoustic sounders (sodars) to study the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) began in the early 1970s. During the last two decades the scope of sodars applications enlarged considerably. The proceedings of eleven symposia of the International Society for Remote Acoustic Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans (ISARS) are a unique collection of papers, where all directions of the sodar use since 1981 are presented. In this paper, a review of sodar applications to atmospheric research is presented based on materials published in these proceedings in the following fields: conditions of microwave and light propagation; regional climatology of the ABL; air pollution meteorology and weather forecast; mesoscale phenomena under stable and unstable stratification; micrometeorology; peculiarities of the ABL in remote and complex terrain. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Oboukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 119017, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Russian Acad Sci, Oboukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, 3 Pyzhevskii, Moscow 119017, Russia. EM margo@ifaran.ru NR 186 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s00703-003-0031-1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770UR UT WOS:000188749600003 ER PT J AU Coulter, RL Pekour, MS Martin, TJ AF Coulter, RL Pekour, MS Martin, TJ TI Elevated stratified layers observed with sodar during VTMX SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing and Associated Techniques CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL ROME, ITALY SP Int Soc Acoust Remote Sensing ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUNDER; DEPTH AB A combination of low frequency sodar, radar wind profiler and in-situ balloon-borne measurements of temperature and water vapor have been used to investigate the structure of elevated stratified layers within the transition layer above the nocturnal boundary layer during the Vertical Transport and Mixing Field Campaign in Salt Lake City Utah, during October, 2000. Elevated layers determined from sodar and radar vertical time sections were penetrated with a balloon-born instrument package to determine the fine scale temperature and moisture structure of the layers. As expected a potential temperature increase was found in the upper half of the layers; however the magnitude was considerably smaller than found above the daytime well-mixed layer and the vertical distance of the increase was quite variable. Mixing ratio, in the mean was found to have a relative maximum in the lower portion of the layers. It was found that the potential temperature within the layers decreased with time relative to background values, regardless of whether the layer descended or ascended. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Coulter, RL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rlcoulter@anl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s00703-003-0039-6 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770UR UT WOS:000188749600011 ER PT B AU Vogel, JS Hillegonds, DJ Palmblad, M Grant, PG Bench, G AF Vogel, JS Hillegonds, DJ Palmblad, M Grant, PG Bench, G BE Kamp, RM Calvete, JJ CholiPapadopoulou, T TI Accelerator mass spectrometry in protein analysis SO METHODS IN PROTEOME AND PROTEIN ANALYSIS SE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Meeting on Methods in Protein Structural Analysis CY SEP 08-12, 2002 CL Valencia, SPAIN ID BINDING; SYSTEM; DNA; SENSITIVITY; EXPOSURE; ADDUCT; COLON; C-14; GELS; ACID C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr AMS, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vogel, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr AMS, 7000 E Ave,L-397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-20222-6 J9 PRIN PRACT PY 2004 BP 203 EP 216 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BY82C UT WOS:000189471100013 ER PT B AU Stephan, EG Chin, G Corrigan, AL Klicker, KR Sofia, HJ AF Stephan, EG Chin, G Corrigan, AL Klicker, KR Sofia, HJ BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI Synchronized biological knowledge and data management: A hybrid approach SO METMBS '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE data management; knowledge; management; concept mapping ID TOOL AB The new systems approach to biology has created an increased need for innovative database technologies. Biologists need new ways to integrate large scale data and concepts they form about the data during experimental and computational research. The Heuristic Entity Relationship Building Environment (HERBS) is a new prototypical architecture fusing data management technologies with knowledge management components. This hybrid approach enables the scientist to manage both their concepts and related data in a synchronized fashion. HERBS is currently being used for microbial research and in this paper we will describe how HERBS is used to capture microbial protein concepts grouped by organism, how the microbial proteins are reengineered into a combined knowledge on multiple microbial organisms, and how the data associated with the organisms can be mined. This paper also describes how the scientist's evolving knowledge can be annotated by connecting personal knowledge to community resources such as the Gene Ontology. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stephan, EG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-43-2 PY 2004 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL00 UT WOS:000225969000016 ER PT B AU Heredia-Langner, A Cannon, WR Jarman, KD Jarman, KH AF Heredia-Langner, A Cannon, WR Jarman, KD Jarman, KH BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI De novo analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data as a non-deterministic optimization problem SO METMBS '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEXES; ALGORITHM; PEPTIDES; SEARCH AB Peptide identification following tandem mass spectrometry is usually achieved by searching for the best match between the mass spectrum of an unidentified peptide and model spectra generated from peptides in a sequence database or by piecing together a feasible path in a graph developed from experimental data. The first of these identification methodologies will be successful only if the peptide under investigation belongs to an available database and the matching algorithm is mathematically sound; the second if the experimental spectral information is very close to perfect. Our objective is to develop a new framework for this problem that leads to alternative solution methodologies better suited to deal with features commonly found in actual MS/MS spectra. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heredia-Langner, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011; Cannon, William/K-8411-2014 OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212; Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-43-2 PY 2004 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL00 UT WOS:000225969000017 ER PT B AU Anderson, KK Monroe, ME Daly, DS AF Anderson, KK Monroe, ME Daly, DS BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI Estimating probabilities of peptide assignments to LC-FTICR-MS observations SO METMBS '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE peptide identification; peptide database search; classification ID PROTEOME; DATABASE AB One of the grand challenges in the post-genomic era is the characterization of the proteins expressed in a cell under specific conditions, proteomics. A promising technology for high-throughput proteomics is mass spectrometry (MS). The accuracy and certainty of the determinations of peptide identities and abundances provided by MS are important to systems biology research. After a tryptically digested protein mixture is analyzed by LC-FTICR-MS, the observed masses and normalized elution times of the detected features are matched to theoretical masses and elution times of known peptides listed in a large database. Assuming a bivariate normal probability distribution on the uncertainties in the masses and the normalized elution times, the probability of a correct match is estimated for each peptide in the reference database using statistical classification methods. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Anderson, KK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Anderson, Kevin/0000-0001-5613-5893 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-43-2 PY 2004 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL00 UT WOS:000225969000024 ER PT B AU Havre, S Singhal, M Gopalan, B Payne, D Klicker, K Kiebel, G Auberry, K Stephan, E Webb-Robertson, BJ Gracio, D AF Havre, S Singhal, M Gopalan, B Payne, D Klicker, K Kiebel, G Auberry, K Stephan, E Webb-Robertson, BJ Gracio, D BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI Integrating evolving tools for proteomics research SO METMBS '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE proteomics; information; management; problem solving environment; visualization AB The recent development of high-throughput proteomics techniques has resulted in the exponential growth of experimental proteomics data. At the same time, the amount of published biological information-which includes not only journal articles but also gene sequences, annotations, and biological ontologies - is also growing rapidly. To extract information from these large, diverse data sets, biologists will require powerful data management, analysis, and integration tools. More than that, biologists will need these diverse tools integrated into a computational environment that allows them to focus on the science. Without an integrated environment, biologists must attend to non-scientific tasks, for example, moving data files or altering data formats; such tasks can be a nuisance with small data sets and significant obstacles with large data sets. This paper explores an integrated computational environment for proteomics by loosely connecting individual components for data storage, retrieval, analysis, and visualization. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Havre, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-43-2 PY 2004 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL00 UT WOS:000225969000049 ER PT B AU Mao, LY Resat, H AF Mao, LY Resat, H BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI Genome scale identification of regulons SO METMBS '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE DNA sequence; consensus motif; sequence analysis; transcription factor; gene regulation ID RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES 2.4.1; GENE-EXPRESSION; FNRL GENE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES-2.4.1; CAPSULATUS; REPRESSOR; OPERON; PPSR; PUC AB The DNA sequences of organisms are becoming available at an increasing rate and the biological information derived from the genome sequence data has been proven to be very useful in improving our understanding of cellular regulatory patterns. Detection of transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of genes helps to identify the potential regulons of transcriptional regulators, and this information can be used to establish the regulatory networks of organisms. In this study, we apply a motif pattern searching technique to detect the possible DNA binding sites in the intergenic upstream sequences of the genes of a bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, to investigate the interplay between the three known transcription factors. In contrast to PpsR and FnrL, we find that the PrrA acts as a global regulator in controlling the gene transcription in the R. sphaeroides organism. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biosci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mao, LY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biosci Grp, POB 999,MS K1-92, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-43-2 PY 2004 BP 322 EP 328 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL00 UT WOS:000225969000051 ER PT B AU Webb-Robertson, BJM Havre, SL AF Webb-Robertson, BJM Havre, SL BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI Effective dimension reduction using sequential projection pursuit on gene expression data for cancer classification SO METMBS '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE classification; microarray; principal component analysis (PCA); sequential projection pursuit (SPP) ID SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; EXPLORATORY DATA-ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; DISCOVERY; LEUKEMIA; PATTERNS; TUMOR AB Classification is a powerful tool for uncovering interesting phenomena, for example classes of cancer, in microarray data. Due to the small number of observations in comparison to the number of variables (genes), classification on microarray data is challenging. Thus, multivariate dimension reduction techniques are commonly used as a precursor to classification of microarray data; typically this is principal component analysis (PCA), which optimizes the variability in the data. Recently an attractive alternative, sequential projection pursuit (SPP), has been introduced which is designed to elicit clustering tendencies in the data by optimizing a projection index (PI). Thus, in some cases SPP may be more appropriate when performing clustering or classification analysis. We compare the performance of SPP to PCA on two cancer gene expression datasets related to leukemia and colon cancer. Using a leave-one-out cross-validation we demonstrate that higher classification accuracies can be obtained with SPP, especially at low dimensions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99353 USA. RP Webb-Robertson, BJM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99353 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-43-2 PY 2004 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL00 UT WOS:000225969000055 ER PT B AU Klicker, K Singhal, M Stephan, E Trease, L Gracio, D AF Klicker, K Singhal, M Stephan, E Trease, L Gracio, D BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI Computational cell environment: A problem solving environment for integrating diverse biological data SO METMBS '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE proteomics; information management; problem solving environment AB Biologists and bioinformaticists face the ever-increasing challenge of managing large datasets queried from diverse data sources. Genomics and proteomics databases such as the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) are becoming the standard biological data department stores that biologists visit on a regular basis to obtain the supplies necessary for conducting their research. However, much of the data that biologists retrieve from these databases needs to be further managed and organized in a meaningful way so that the researcher can focus on the problem that they are trying to investigate and share their data and findings with other researchers. We are working towards developing a problem-solving environment called the Computational Cell Environment (CCE) that provides connectivity to these diverse data stores and provides data retrieval, management, and analysis through all aspects of biological study. In this paper we discuss the system and database design of CCE. We also outline a few problems encountered at various stages of its development and the design decisions taken to resolve them. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Klicker, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-43-2 PY 2004 BP 422 EP 428 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL00 UT WOS:000225969000068 ER PT B AU Resat, H AF Resat, H BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI EGF receptor sorting in endosomal compartments SO METMBS '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE receptor; endocytosis; cellular signaling; signaling pathways; kinetic simulation ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ENDOCYTIC SYSTEM; INTERNALIZATION; ACTIVATION; RETENTION AB Signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates various cellular mechanisms, such as cell growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. EGF receptors have an important role in mammalian development and have also been implicated in tumor formation. Although it has been studied for decades, the mechanism by which the EGFR signaling is switched off is poorly understood. Due to limitations in current experimental protocols, identifying the cellular location where the signal is attenuated has proved to be difficult. Computer modeling of the EGFR signaling pathway can complement experimental studies and can potentially help to fill the gaps in our understanding. In the current study, using kinetic simulations, we have investigated how receptor degradation rates in multivesicular endosome compartments affect the spatial distribution and the trafficking dynamics of the EGF receptors. Our results indicate that the variations in the mean lifetime of the late endosomes can be an important cell type specific regulation mechanism in the EGFR signaling. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat BioSci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Resat, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat BioSci Grp, POB 999,MS K1-92, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-43-2 PY 2004 BP 451 EP 457 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBL00 UT WOS:000225969000073 ER PT S AU Bingham, PR Tobin, KW Bennett, MH Marmillion, P AF Bingham, PR Tobin, KW Bennett, MH Marmillion, P BE Silver, RM TI Phase defect detection with spatial heterodyne interferometry SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XVIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XVIII CY FEB 23-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE mask inspection; phase defects; Spatial Heterodyne Interferometry AB Phase shift techniques introduced in photolithography to further improve resolution produce a new set of challenges for inspection. Unlike the high contrast provided by patterned and unpatterned areas on a binary mask, phase errors do not provide significant contrast changes, since the phase change is imparted by a difference in material thickness. Surface topology measurements can be used to identify phase defects, but methods for surface topology inspection are typically slow or can damage the surface to be measured. In this study, Spatial Heterodyne Interferometry (SHI) has been considered as a possible method for high-speed non-contact phase defect detection. SHI is an imaging technique developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory that acquires both phase and amplitude information from an optical wavefront with a single high-speed image capture. Using a reflective SHI system, testing has been performed with a mask containing programmed phase defects of various sizes and depths. In this paper, we present an overview of the SHI measurement technique, discuss issues such as phase wrapping associated with using SHI for phase defect detection on photolithographic masks, and present phase defect detection results from die-to-die comparisons on a 248nm alternating aperture phase shift mask with intentional phase defects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bingham, PR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Bingham, Philip/0000-0003-4616-6084 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5288-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5375 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.536765 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Microscopy; Physics GA BAP06 UT WOS:000223096500004 ER PT S AU Ji, HT Goodman, J Kageyama, A Burin, M Schartman, E Liu, W AF Ji, HT Goodman, J Kageyama, A Burin, M Schartman, E Liu, W BE Rosner, R Rudiger, G Bonanno, A TI Magnetorotational instability in a short couette flow of liquid gallium SO MHD COUETTE FLOWS: EXPERIMENTS AND MODELS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on MHD Couette Flows CY FEB 29-MAR 02, 2004 CL Acitrezza, ITALY SP INAF, Catania Univ, Banca Roma ID RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; HYDRODYNAMIC SHEAR TURBULENCE; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; ACCRETION DISKS; ROTATING CYLINDERS; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; BOUNDARY LAYER; MAGNETIC FIELD; STABILITY; ALGORITHMS AB A concise review is given of an experimental project to study magnetorotational instability (MRI) in a short Couette geometry using liquid gallium. Motivated by the astrophysical importance and lack of direct observation of MRI in nature and in the laboratory, a theoretical stability analysis was performed to predict the required experimental parameters. Despite the long-wavelength nature of MRI, local analysis agrees excellently with global eigenmode calculations when periodic boundary conditions are used in the axial direction. To explore the effects of rigidly rotating vertical boundaries (endcaps), a prototype water experiment was conducted using dimensions and rotation rates favored by the above analysis. Significant deviations from the expected Couette flow profiles were found. The cause of the discrepancy was investigated by nonlinear hydrodynamic simulations using realistic boundary conditions. It was found that Ekman circulation driven by the endcaps transports angular momentum and qualitatively modifies the azimuthal flow. Based on this new understanding, a new design was made to incorporate two independently driven rings at each endcap. Simulations were used to optimize the design by minimizing Ekman circulation while remaining within engineering capabilities. The new apparatus, which has been constructed and assembled, is currently being tested with water and will be ready for the MRI experiment with gallium soon. This development process illustrates the value of interplay between experiment, simulation. and analytic insight. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ji, HT (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Kageyama, Akira/H-4537-2013 OI Kageyama, Akira/0000-0003-0433-668X NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0215-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 733 BP 21 EP 34 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mechanics; Physics GA BBK87 UT WOS:000225962600004 ER PT S AU Bachand, GD Rivera, SB Boal, AK Bauer, JM Koch, SJ Manginell, RP Liu, J Bunker, BC AF Bachand, GD Rivera, SB Boal, AK Bauer, JM Koch, SJ Manginell, RP Liu, J Bunker, BC BE LaVan, DA Ayon, AA Madou, MJ McNie, ME Prasad, SV TI Developing nanoscale materials using biomimetic assembly processes SO MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micro- and Nanosystems held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR SHUTTLES; KINESIN; MICROTUBULES; TRANSPORT AB The formation and nature of living materials are fundamentally different from those of synthetic materials. Synthetic materials generally have static structures, and are not capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions or stimuli. In contrast, living systems utilize energy to assemble, reconfigure, and dismantle materials in a dynamic, highly non-equilibrium fashion. The overall goal of this work is to identify and explore key strategies used by living systems to develop new types of materials in which the assembly, configuration, and disassembly can be programmed or "self-regulated" in microfluidic environments. As a model system, kinesin motor proteins and microtubule fibers have been selected as a means of directing the transport of molecular cargo, and assembly of nanostructures at synthetic interfaces. Initial work has focused on characterizing and engineering the properties of these active biomolecules for robust performance in microfluidic systems. We also have developed several strategies for functionalizing microtubule fibers with metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, and demonstrated the assembly of composite nanoscale materials. Moreover, transport of these composite assemblies has been demonstrated using energy-driven actuation by kinesin motor proteins. Current work is focused on developing mechanisms for directing the linear transport of microtubule fibers, and controlling the loading/unloading of nanoparticle cargo in microfluidic systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bachand, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-720-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 782 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAH04 UT WOS:000222177500001 ER PT S AU de Carvalho-Kavanagh, MGS Albala, JS AF de Carvalho-Kavanagh, MGS Albala, JS BE Nicolau, DV Raghavachari, R TI Building biochips: A protein production pipeline SO MICROARRAYS AND COMBINATORIAL TECHNIQUES: DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND ANALYSIS II SE PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL OPTICS AND IMAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microarrays and Combinatorial Techniques - Design, Fabrication and Analysis II CY JAN 25-26, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE baculovirus; protein production; high-throughput; protein array ID RAD51; IDENTIFICATION; MICROARRAYS; PURIFICATION; DIAGNOSTICS; EXPRESSION; COMPLEXES; GENES; LINKS AB Protein arrays are emerging as a practical format in which to study proteins in high-throughput using many of the same techniques as that of the DNA microarray. The key advantage to array-based methods for protein study is the potential for parallel analysis of thousands of samples in an automated, high-throughput fashion. Building protein arrays capable of this analysis capacity requires a robust expression and purification system capable of generating hundreds to thousands of purified recombinant proteins. We have developed a method to utilize LLNL-I.M.A.G.E. cDNAs to generate recombinant protein libraries using a baculovirus-insect cell expression system. We have used this strategy to produce proteins for analysis of protein/DNA and protein/protein interactions using protein microarrays in order to understand the complex interactions of proteins involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair. Using protein array techniques, a novel interaction between the DNA repair protein, Rad51B, and histones has been identified. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP de Carvalho-Kavanagh, MGS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 1605-7422 BN 0-8194-5236-X J9 PRO BIOMED OPT IMAG PY 2004 VL 5 IS 17 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1117/12.542378 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics GA BAP11 UT WOS:000223100800001 ER PT J AU Wong, D Suflita, JM McKinley, JP Krumholz, LR AF Wong, D Suflita, JM McKinley, JP Krumholz, LR TI Impact of clay minerals on sulfate-reducing activity in aquifers SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE REPOSITORY CONDITIONS; COMPACTED BENTONITE CLAY; TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIA; ALUMINUM; DISSOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; SURVIVAL AB Previous studies have shown that sulfate-reduction activity occurs in a heterogeneous manner throughout the terrestrial subsurface. Low-activity regions are often observed in the presence of clay minerals. Here we report that clays inhibit sulfate reduction activity in sediments and in a pure culture of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Clay minerals including bentonite and kaolinite inhibited sulfate reduction by 70-90% in sediments. Intact clays and clay colloids or soluble components, capable of passing through a 0.2-mum filter, were also inhibitory to sulfate-reducing bacteria. Other adsorbent materials, including anion or cation exchangers and a zeolite, did not inhibit sulfate reduction in sediments, suggesting that the effect of clays was not due to their cation-exchange capacity. We observed a strong correlation between the Al2O3 content of clays and their relative ability to inhibit sulfate reduction in sediments (r(2) = 0.82). This suggested that inhibition might be a direct effect of Al3+ (aq) on the bacteria. We then tested pure aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and showed it to act in a similar manner to clay. As dissolved aluminum is known to be toxic to a variety of organisms at low concentrations, our results suggest that the effects of clay on sulfate-reducing bacteria may be directly due to aluminum. Thus, our experiments provide an explanation for the lack of sulfate-reduction activity in clay-rich regions and presents a mechanism for the effect. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Inst Energy & Environm, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Krumholz, LR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Energy & Environm, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s00248-003-1021-z PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 806JL UT WOS:000220430100009 PM 15259272 ER PT S AU Gourley, PL Chen, P Copeland, RG Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Keep, ME Karlsson, JR AF Gourley, PL Chen, P Copeland, RG Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Keep, ME Karlsson, JR BE Woias, P Papautsky, I TI Nano-squeezed light for probing mitochondria and calcium-induced membrane swelling for study of neuroprotectants SO MICROFLUIDICS, BIOMEMS, AND MEDICAL MICROSYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microfluidics, BioMEMS and Medical Microsystems II CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; MECHANISMS; APOPTOSIS; DEATH AB We report a new bioMEMs nanolaser technique for measuring characteristics of small organelles. We have initially applied the method to study mitochondria, a very small (500nm to 1um) organelle containing the respiration apparatus for animal cells. Because the mitochondria are so tiny, it has been difficult to study them using standard light microscope or flow cytometry techniques. We employ a recently discovered a nano-optical transduction method for high-speed analysis of submicron organelles. This ultrasensitive detection of submicron particles uses nano-squeezing of light into photon modes imposed by the ultrasmall organelle dimensions in a submicron laser cavity. In this paper, we report measurements of mitochondria spectra under normal conditions and under high calcium ion gradient conditions that upset membrane homeostasis and lead to organelle swelling and lysis, similar to that observed in the diseased state. The measured spectra are compared with our calculations of the electromagnetic modes in normal and distended mitochondria using multiphysics finite element methods. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gourley, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1413,Dept 1141, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5253-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5345 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.532188 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BY76W UT WOS:000189458500007 ER PT J AU Urban, BD Kroenlein, K Kazakov, A Dryer, FL Yozgatligil, A Choi, MY Manzello, SL Lee, KO Dobashi, R AF Urban, BD Kroenlein, K Kazakov, A Dryer, FL Yozgatligil, A Choi, MY Manzello, SL Lee, KO Dobashi, R TI Sooting behavior of ethanol droplet combustion at elevated pressures under microgravity conditions SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; METHANOL; FLAMES AB Liquid ethanol is widely used in practical fuels as a means to extend petroleum-derived resources or as a fuel additive to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide from spark ignition engines. Recent research has also suggested that ethanol and other oxygenates could be added to diesel fuel to reduce particulate emissions. In this cursory study, the combustion of small ethanol droplets in microgravity environments was observed to investigate diffusion flame characteristics at higher ambient pressures and at various oxygen indices, all with nitrogen as the diluent species. At the NASA Glenn Research Center 2.2-second drop tower free ethanol droplets were ignited in the Droplet Combustion Experiment (DCE) apparatus, and backlit and flame view data were collected to evaluate flame position and burning rate. Profuse sooting was noted above 3 atm ambient pressure. In experiments performed at the Japan Microgravity Center 10-second (JAMIC) drop shaft with Sooting Effects in Droplet Combustion (SEDC) apparatus, the first data that displayed a spherical soot shell for ethanol droplet combustion was obtained. Because of the strong sensitivity of soot formation to small changes in an easily accessible range of pressures, ethanol appears to be a simple liquid fuel suitable for fundamental studies of soot formation effects on spherical diffusion flames. The results impact discussions regarding the mechanism of particulate reduction by ethanol addition to fuels in high-pressure practical combustors. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mech & Engn Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem Engn, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Urban, BD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kennethk@Princeton.EDU RI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/A-9682-2016 OI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/0000-0002-7655-7695 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU Z A R M TECHNIK PUBLISHING DIV PI BREMEN PA AM FALLTURM, 28359 BREMEN, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1007/BF02870960 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 868XV UT WOS:000224947300002 ER PT J AU Brady, V Concus, P Finn, R AF Brady, V Concus, P Finn, R TI Computational investigation of unusual behavior in certain capillary tubes SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; HEIGHT AB We investigate computationally two recent mathematical findings involving unusual behavior of solutions of the Young-Laplace capillary, equation in cylindrical tubes of particular sections. The first concerns a configuration for which smoothing of the boundary curve at a sharp corner leads from existence to non-existence of a solution over the container section in zero gravity. The second describes a discontinuous behavior of relative rise height in nesting tubes placed vertically in an infinite reservoir The numerical results support and quantify the mathematical predictions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brady, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU Z A R M TECHNIK PUBLISHING DIV PI BREMEN PA AM FALLTURM, 28359 BREMEN, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1007/BF02870966 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 884CU UT WOS:000226063000004 ER PT S AU Dyck, CW Nordquist, CD Kraus, G AF Dyck, CW Nordquist, CD Kraus, G BE Maher, MA Jakubczak, JF TI RF MEMS technologies fabricated using low temperature processing SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology IX CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE RF MEMS; switch; surface micromachining; microwave ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; SWITCHES AB Radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) is an enabling technology for the miniaturization of future radar and communication systems. RF MEMS ohmic and capacitive switch performance and fabrication are discussed. Sandia National Laboratories' program in RF MEMS is motivated by defense and national security applications not currently being met by the private sector. Examples of fabricated switches and switched circuits under investigation at Sandia are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dyck, CW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdvck@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5250-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5342 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.538377 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY72D UT WOS:000189447200007 ER PT S AU Yang, P Burns, GR Tallant, DR Guo, JP Luk, TS AF Yang, P Burns, GR Tallant, DR Guo, JP Luk, TS BE Maher, MA Jakubczak, JF TI Direct-write waveguides and structural modification by femtosecond laser pulses SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology IX CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond; Raman spectra; waveguides; birefringence ID FUSED-SILICA; GLASSES; GELS AB Embedded waveguides and their optical properties in bulk silicate glasses fabricated by femtosecond (fs) laser pulses (800 nm, <120 fs, at 1 kHz) are reported. Experimental results show that there is a narrow operating window for our system to produce low loss waveguides. An angular dependence of light transmission measured between two crossed polarizers on these laser-modified regions suggests that these regions possess an optical birefrigent property. Furthermore, the optical axes of laser-induced birefringence can be controlled by the polarization direction of the fs laser. Permanent optical birefringence induced by the fs laser pulses can be produced in amorphous silica, and borosilicate glass. Raman spectroscopy of the modified glass shows a densification and reconstruction of silica network in the glass. Results show that the amount of laser-induced birefringence depends on pulse energy level and the number of accumulated pulses. Mechanisms that contribute to the observed laser induced birefringence behavior are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5250-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5342 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.524437 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY72D UT WOS:000189447200018 ER PT S AU Ice, GE Specht, ED Tischler, JZ Khounsary, A Assoufid, L Liu, C AF Ice, GE Specht, ED Tischler, JZ Khounsary, A Assoufid, L Liu, C BE Johnson, EG Nordin, GP TI At the limit of nondispersive micro and nanofocusing mirror optics SO MICROMACHINING TECHNOLOGY FOR MICRO-OPTICS AND NANO-OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining Technology for Micro-Optics and Nano-Optics II CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray; nanofocus; nondispersive; Kirpatrick-Baez; Mirror; nanodiffraction; microdiffraction ID RAY CRYSTAL MICROSCOPE; REFLECTION AB We describe x-ray Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror designs with, the potential to produce hard x-ray beams of 40 nm or smaller. The x-ray quality mirrors required to achieve the desired performance can be fabricated by differential deposition. on ultra-smooth surfaces, or by differential polishing. Various mirror systems designed for nanofocusing to similar to40 nm and below. are compared. The performance limits of total-external-reflection mirrors, are compared with the limits of multilayer mirrors that can potentially focus to an even smaller spot size. The advantages of side-by-side Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors are evaluated and more advanced, four-mirror systems with significantly greater geometrical demagnification are discussed. These systems can potentially reach 5-20 nm focal spot sizes for multilayer and total-external-reflection optics respectively. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5255-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5347 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.533345 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BY72E UT WOS:000189447300001 ER PT S AU Naulleau, PP Liddle, JA Salmassi, F Anderson, EH Gullikson, EM AF Naulleau, PP Liddle, JA Salmassi, F Anderson, EH Gullikson, EM BE Johnson, EG Nordin, GP TI Design and fabrication of advanced EUV diffractive elements SO MICROMACHINING TECHNOLOGY FOR MICRO-OPTICS AND NANO-OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining Technology for Micro-Optics and Nano-Optics II CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; diffraction; grating; diffusers; holographic optical element ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; NORMAL-INCIDENCE EFFICIENCY; ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY REGION; WAVELENGTH REGION; MULTILAYER COATINGS; INTERFEROMETRY; PERFORMANCE; GRATINGS; TRANSMISSION AB As extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography approaches commercial reality, the development of EUV-compatible diffractive structures becomes increasingly important. Such devices are relevant to many aspects of EUV technology including interferometry, illumination, and spectral filtering. Moreover, the current scarcity of high power EUV sources makes the optical efficiency of these diffractive structures a paramount concern. This fact has led to a strong interest in phase-enhanced diffractive structures. Here we describe recent advancements made in the fabrication of such devices. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5255-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5347 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.537195 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BY72E UT WOS:000189447300002 ER PT S AU Kemme, SA Peters, DW Carter, TR Samora, S Ruby, DS Zaidi, SH AF Kemme, SA Peters, DW Carter, TR Samora, S Ruby, DS Zaidi, SH BE Johnson, EG Nordin, GP TI Inadvertent and intentional subwavelength surface texture on microoptical components SO MICROMACHINING TECHNOLOGY FOR MICRO-OPTICS AND NANO-OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining Technology for Micro-Optics and Nano-Optics II CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diffractive optical elements; surface texture; solar cells; optical interconnects; subwavelength diffractive optical elements AB We will discuss the fabrication of several diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for projects at Sandia National Laboratories, which highlight the relative importance of subwavelength surface texture in the componentsi performance. This surface texture is in addition to the larger, anisotropic DOE features that manipulate the propagating orders, and is commonly referred to as grass. Surface texture on amorphous or multi-crystalline material is readily apparent in a scanning electron micrograph and is often an unavoidable consequence of the reactive ion etch (RIE) process. Contributing factors are mask erosion, self-masking, and material non-uniformity. In this presentation, we describe and quantify the effects of-unavoidable and deliberate surface texture through several projects in progress at Sandia National Laboratories. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kemme, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5255-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5347 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1117/12.524606 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BY72E UT WOS:000189447300028 ER PT J AU Buck, EC Finn, PA Bates, JK AF Buck, EC Finn, PA Bates, JK TI Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of anomalous plutonium behavior in nuclear waste materials SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE spent fuel; uranium; plutonium; corrosion; electron energy-loss spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy ID HIGH BURNUP; SPENT FUEL; UO2 FUEL; OXIDATION; CORROSION; PHASE; 90-DEGREES-C; URANINITE; PRODUCTS; DIOXIDE AB Plutonium-enriched layer has been observed in corroded spent uranium oxide fuel (CSNF). These Pu-enriched regions were examined with analytical transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The enriched region also contained U, Am, Ru, Zr, but only minor enrichment of rare earth elements. The Pu, possibly as Pu(V) according to EELS measurements, was dispersed within re-precipitated uranium oxide (identified as U3O8) nano-crystals between U(VI) secondary phases and the CSNF surface. The U, Pu, and Am enrichment was observed in the corrosion products with tests on different nuclear fuels. This may have implications for the long-term behavior of CSNF under storage in a geologic waste repository. Furthermore, there may be an increased potential for the generation of Pu-bearing colloids from this type of weathered CSNF. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiochem Proc Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buck, EC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiochem Proc Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM edgar.buck@pnl.gov RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2003.11.014 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 809TD UT WOS:000220658100002 PM 15003610 ER PT J AU Li, JQ Chen, HY Zhang, HR Yu, HC Shi, YG Liu, LB Tian, HF Zhu, Y Tranquada, JM AF Li, JQ Chen, HY Zhang, HR Yu, HC Shi, YG Liu, LB Tian, HF Zhu, Y Tranquada, JM TI Structural properties and charge ordered states in RMnO3 (R = La, Pr, Nd, Ca, Sr) and (La, Sr)(2)NiO4 SO MICRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Wuhan Symposium on Advanced Electron Microscopy (IWSAEM) CY OCT 17-21, 2003 CL Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Wuhan Univ DE charge ordering; phase transition; charge stripe ID INTERSTITIAL OXYGEN-ATOMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES; PHASE AB Structural distortions arising from the condensations of two essential kinds of phonon modes: the triply degenerate rotational modes (phi(x), phi(y), phi(z)) of MnO6 and the doubly degenerate Jahn-Teller active modes (Q(1), Q(2)) have been systematically investigated in the perovskite manganites. Microstructural features associated with certain types of distortions have been observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In RMnO3 and La(Sr)(2)NiO4, we characterize the local structure, charge ordered states and orbital ordering by means of low-temperature TEM. We present direct evidence that the stripe modulation in La(Sr)(2)NiO4 is indeed one-dimensional within each NiO2 plane. Several typical kinds of defect structures, including antiphase boundaries and the 90degrees-twin domains, appear commonly in the charge-ordered states. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Lab Electron Microscopy, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, JQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Lab Electron Microscopy, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM ljq@ssc.iphy.ac.cn RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Zhang, Huairuo/M-9428-2014 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Zhang, Huairuo/0000-0002-1984-1200 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2004.01.006 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 824XR UT WOS:000221721000004 PM 15120125 ER PT J AU Yang, W Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Ice, GE Budai, JD Liu, W AF Yang, W Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Ice, GE Budai, JD Liu, W TI Differential-aperture X-ray structural microscopy: a submicron-resolution three-dimensional probe of local microstructure and strain SO MICRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Wuhan Symposium on Advanced Electron Microscopy (IWSAEM) CY OCT 17-21, 2003 CL Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Wuhan Univ DE X-ray microscopy; diffraction; deformation; microstructure; strain ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; DISLOCATION; DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; PLASTICITY; NUCLEATION; MICROBEAMS; MECHANICS; TEXTURE AB A recently developed differential-aperture X-ray microscopy (DAXM) technique provides local structure and crystallographic orientation with submicron spatial resolution in three-dimensions; it further provides angular precision of similar to0.01degrees and local elastic strain with an accuracy of similar to1.0 x 10(-4) using microbeams from high brilliance third generation synchrotron X-ray sources. DAXM is a powerful tool for inter- and intra-granular studies of lattice distortions and lattice rotations on mesoscopic length scales of tenths of microns to hundreds of microns that are largely above the range of traditional electron microscopy probes. Nondestructive, point-to-point, spatially resolved measurements of local lattice orientations in bulk materials provide direct information on geometrically necessary dislocation density distributions through measurements of the lattice curvature in plastically deformed materials. This paper reviews the DAXM measurement technique and discusses recent demonstrations of DAXM capabilities for measurements of microtexture, local elastic strain, and plastic deformation microstructure. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yang, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangw@oml.gov RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2004.02.004 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 824XR UT WOS:000221721000006 PM 15120127 ER PT B AU Michalske, TA AF Michalske, TA BE Knobloch, H Kaminorz, Y TI Center for integrated nanotechnologies (CINT): Science-base for future integrated systems SO MICRONANO INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Forum on MicroNano Integration CY DEC 03-04, 2003 CL Potsdam, GERMANY SP Berlin Senate Econ Labour & Gender Issues, Commiss European Community, Fed State Brandenburg, Minist Econ DE nanotechnology; integration; user center; nanophotonics; nanoelectronics; self-assembly; microtechnology; nanomechanics; nano-bio interfaces AB The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), first announced in 2000 has grown into a major U. S. investment involving twenty federal agencies. As a lead federal agency, the Department of Energy (DOE) is developing a network of Nanoscale Science and Research Centers (NSRC). NSRCs will be highly collaborative national user facilities associated with DOE National Laboratories where university, laboratory, and industrial researchers can work together to advance nanoscience and technology. The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), which is operated jointly by Sandia National Laboratories and Alamos National Laboratory, has a unique technical vision focused on integrating scientific disciplines and expertise across multiple length scales going all the way from the nano world to the world around us. It is often said that nanotechnology has the potential to change almost everything we do. However, this prophecy will only come to pass when we learn to couple nanoscale functions into the macroscale world. Obviously coupling the nano- and micro-length scales is an important piece of this challenge and one can site many examples where the performance of existing microdevices has been improved by adding nanotechnology. Examples include low friction coatings for MEMS and compact light sources for muChemLab spectrometers. While this approach has produced significant benefit, we believe that the true potential will be realized only when device architectures are designed "from the nanoscale up", allowing nanoscale function to drive microscale performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Michalske, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-20252-8 PY 2004 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY56X UT WOS:000189410600001 ER PT J AU Rogers, JW Phinney, LM AF Rogers, JW Phinney, LM TI Transient, interferometric imaging of polycrystalline silicon MEMS devices during laser heating SO MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID POLYSILICON FILMS; ADHESION; REPAIR; REDUCTION AB To characterize microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) during laser processing, imaging and metrology techniques need to be developed that are capable of visualizing the dynamics of MEMS structures and that are compatible with high power lasers. This study describes a high-speed, interferometric imaging system for measuring out-of-plane deflections of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) MEMS structures. A HeNe laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm illuminates the structures. Since polysilicon is semitransparent at 632.8 nm interference occurs between light waves reflected from the top of the microstructure and light waves transmitting through the structure and reflecting off the substrate. The interference produces fringes along microstructures that correspond to changes in height. Using a high-speed CCD camera, transient interferometric images of the dynamic motion of MEMS devices are captured The imaging technique is demonstrated by obtaining the first transient images of the repair of adhered polysilicon microcantilevers, due to Nd:YAG pulsed laser heating. The experimental results clearly show failed structures peeling from the substrate as they are repaired. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Phinney, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1310, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lmphinn@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1089-3954 J9 MICROSCALE THERM ENG JI Microscale Thermophys. Eng. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 43 EP 59 DI 10.1080/10893950490272920 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 779MA UT WOS:000189303300005 ER PT S AU Ormesher, R Mason, J AF Ormesher, R Mason, J GP IEEE TI A new turbo decoding algorithm with joint time and phase estimation SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB This report describes a new algorithm for the joint estimation of carrier phase, symbol timing, and data in a Turbo coded and phase shift keyed (PSK) digital communications system. Jointly estimating phase, timing, and data can give processing gains of several dB over conventional processing, which consists of joint estimation of carrier phase and symbol timing followed by estimation of the Turbo-coded data. The new joint estimator allows Delay and Phase Locked Loops (DPLLs) to work at lower bit energies where Turbo codes are most useful. Performance results of software simulations tests are given. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ormesher, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 622 EP 629 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200099 ER PT B AU McGehee, PM AF McGehee, PM BE Clemens, D Shah, RY Brainerd, T TI Mapping the local dust distribution with SDSS SO MILKY WAY SURVEYS THE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF OUR GALAXY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Astrophysics Conference on Milky Way Surveys CY JUN 15-17, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Boston Univ Inst Astrophys Res ID CLOUDS AB The narrow range of M dwarf g - r colors in SDSS photometry permits study of the three-dimensional dust distribution within 1 kpc. Distances to early M dwarfs are assigned using reddening-invariant photometric parallaxes and clouds are identified by persistent shifts in mean g - r colors along the line of sight. The observed reddening is compared against that predicted by Schlegel, Finkbeiner Davis (1998). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-177-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 317 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBP80 UT WOS:000226963600040 ER PT B AU Barhen, J Protopopescu, V Amselem, G Dahan, J Randall, C Vane, Z AF Barhen, J Protopopescu, V Amselem, G Dahan, J Randall, C Vane, Z BE Bobeanu, C TI Discovery of new global minima for Lennard-Jones atomic clusters using TRUST simulations SO Modelling and Simulation 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM 2004) CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL UNESCO, Paris, FRANCE SP European Simulat Soc, Ghent Univ, DII, Seconda Univ Studi Napoli, Univ Malta, SIMULA HO UNESCO DE global optimization; Lennard-Jones clusters; visual FORTRAN95 simulation; TRUST ID OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; STABILITY; ENERGY AB The preeminent importance of nano-scale materials science is driving the growing interest in discovering the conformation of atomic clusters with lowest energies. Despite its simple formulation, this modeling and simulation problem is extremely hard to solve. The TRUST algorithm, one of the most powerful global optimization (GO) approaches available to date, is applied here for the first time, to determining the conformation of Lennard-dones clusters. TRUST identifies lower minima than reported with previous methods and reaches them at considerably lower computational cost. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barhen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 90-77381-14-7 PY 2004 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCN44 UT WOS:000230167800008 ER PT J AU Raczkowski, D Fong, CY Stechel, EB AF Raczkowski, D Fong, CY Stechel, EB TI Localization in an occupied-subspace-optimization approach to electronic structure: application to yttria-stabilized zirconia SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; AB-INITIO; ELECTROLYTES; METALS AB The constraint of localization on Wannier orbitals is the central approximation in many linear scaling methods. We investigate the effects of localization constraints on non-orthogonal Wannier-like orbitals (resulting from an occupied-subspace-optimization in our Gaussian representation) in determining the accuracy of forces acting on the atoms, the relaxed geometries and the relative energies to determine the formation enthalpies of defects. We use yttria-stabilized zirconia as a testing system because it has been thoroughly studied and can serve as reference for comparison. A minimum of 5.0 Bohr for the localization range is required to determine reasonably accurate forces and a relaxed atomic configuration. We comment on the versatility of using localization constraints with optimization approaches and compare the computational effort to diagonalization. C1 NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ford Motor Co, Sci Res Labs, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Raczkowski, D (reprint author), NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stechel, Ellen/B-1253-2012 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 AR PII S0965-0393(04)69221-7 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/12/1/012 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 770QX UT WOS:000188743000013 ER PT S AU Sinclair, MB Pfeifer, KB Butler, MA Senturia, SD Deutsch, ER Youngner, D Cabuz, E Hocker, GB AF Sinclair, MB Pfeifer, KB Butler, MA Senturia, SD Deutsch, ER Youngner, D Cabuz, E Hocker, GB BE ElFatatry, A TI A MEMS-based correlation radiometer SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems IV CY JAN 27-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB We describe the development of a MEMS-based correlation radiometer for remote detection of chemical species. The radiometer utilizes a new type of MEMS programmable diffraction grating called the Polychromator. The Polychromator contains an array of 1024 electrostatically actuated reflective beams that are 10 microns wide by 1 cm long, and have a vertical travel of approximately 2 - 4 microns. The Polychromator grating is used to replace the reference cell of conventional correlation radiometry. Appropriate programming of the deflection profile of the grating array enables the production of any spectral transfer function desired for the correlation measurement. Advantages of this approach to correlation radiometry include the ability to detect multiple chemical species with a compact instrument, the ability to optimize the reference spectra to eliminate chemical interferences, and the ability to produce reference spectra for hazardous and transient species. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sinclair, MB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5254-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5346 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.536306 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY73N UT WOS:000189450500005 ER PT S AU Carr, DW Keeler, BEN Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA Wendt, JR AF Carr, DW Keeler, BEN Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA Wendt, JR BE ElFatatry, A TI Measurement of a laterally deformable optical NEMS grating transducer SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems IV CY JAN 27-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS); rigorous couple-wave analysis (RCWA); grating transducer; amorphous diamond; accelerometers ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; IMPLEMENTATION; ANOMALIES; DIAMOND; SILICON AB We have experimentally demonstrated operation of a laterally deformable optical NEMS grating transducer. The device is fabricated in amorphous diamond on a silicon substrate with standard lithographic techniques. For small changes in the spacing of the grating elements, a large change in the optical reflection amplitude is observed. An in-plane motion detection sensitivity of 160 fm/rootHz has been measured, which agrees well with theoretical models. This sensitivity compares favorably to that of any other MEMS transducer. Calculations predict that this sensitivity could be improved by up to two orders of magnitude in future designs. As well as having applications to the field of accelerometers and other inertial sensors, this device could also be used as a modulator for optical switching. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carr, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5254-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5346 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.532340 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY73N UT WOS:000189450500007 ER PT J AU Helfenbein, KG Boore, JL AF Helfenbein, KG Boore, JL TI The mitochondrial genome of Phoronis architecta - Comparisons demonstrate that phoronids are Lophotrochozoan protostomes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Phoronis architecta; lophophorates; mitochondrial genome; metazoan phylogeny; gene arrangements; evolution ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; ANIMAL KINGDOM; DNA-SEQUENCE; BRACHIOPODS; INDICATE; NUCLEAR; CLADE; TREES AB The proper reconstruction of the relationships among the animal phyla is central to interpreting patterns of animal evolution from the genomic level to the morphological level. This is true not only of the more speciose phyla but also of smaller groups. We report here the nearly complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the phoronid Phoronis architecta, which has a gene arrangement remarkably similar to that of a protostome animal, the chiton Katharina tunicata. Evolutionary analysis of both gene arrangements and inferred amino acid sequences of these taxa, along with those of three brachiopods and other diverse animals, strongly supports the hypothesis that lophophorates are part of the large group that includes mollusks and annelids-i.e., the Lophotrochozoa-and solidly refutes the alternative of their being deuterostomes. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA USA. DOE Joint Genom Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Helfenbein, KG (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY USA. EM jlboore@lbl.gov NR 32 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1093/molbev/msh011 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 776ZM UT WOS:000189149300016 PM 14595093 ER PT J AU Kuklin, AI Mynatt, RL Klebig, ML Kiefer, LL Wilkison, WO Woychik, RP Michaud, EJ AF Kuklin, Alexander I. Mynatt, Randall L. Klebig, Mitchell L. Kiefer, Laura L. Wilkison, William O. Woychik, Richard P. Michaud, Edward J. TI Liver-specific expression of the agouti gene in transgenic mice promotes liver carcinogenesis in the absence of obesity and diabetes SO MOLECULAR CANCER LA English DT Article AB Background: The agouti protein is a paracrine factor that is normally present in the skin of many species of mammals. Agouti regulates the switch between black and yellow hair pigmentation by signalling through the melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) on melanocytes. Lethal yellow (A(y)) and viable yellow (A(vy)) are dominant regulatory mutations in the mouse agouti gene that cause the wild-type protein to be produced at abnormally high levels throughout the body. Mice harboring these mutations exhibit a pleiotropic syndrome characterized by yellow coat color, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased susceptibility to hyperplasia and carcinogenesis in numerous tissues, including the liver. The goal of this research was to determine if ectopic expression of the agouti gene in the liver alone is sufficient to recapitulate any aspect of this syndrome. For this purpose, we generated lines of transgenic mice expressing high levels of agouti in the liver under the regulatory control of the albumin promoter. Expression levels of the agouti transgene in the liver were quantified by Northern blot analysis. Functional agouti protein in the liver of transgenic mice was assayed by its ability to inhibit binding of the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) to the Mc1r. Body weight, plasma insulin and blood glucose levels were analyzed in control and transgenic mice. Control and transgenic male mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) of the hepatocellular carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN), at 15 days of age. Mice were euthanized at 36 or 40 weeks after DEN injection and the number of tumors per liver and total liver weights were recorded. Results: The albumin-agouti transgene was expressed at high levels in the livers of mice and produced a functional agouti protein. Albumin-agouti transgenic mice had normal body weights and normal levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin, but responded to chemical initiation of the liver with an increased number of liver tumors compared to non-transgenic control mice. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that liver-specific expression of the agouti gene is not sufficient to induce obesity or diabetes, but, in the absence of these factors, agouti continues to promote hepatocellular carcinogenesis. C1 [Kuklin, Alexander I.; Mynatt, Randall L.; Klebig, Mitchell L.; Woychik, Richard P.; Michaud, Edward J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kiefer, Laura L.; Wilkison, William O.] Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kuklin, Alexander I.] Transgenomic Inc, Omaha, NE 68164 USA. [Mynatt, Randall L.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Klebig, Mitchell L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kiefer, Laura L.] Paradigm Genet, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wilkison, William O.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Woychik, Richard P.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Michaud, EJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM akuklin@transgenomic.com; mynattrl@pbrc.edu; uvi@ornl.gov; lkiefer@paragen.com; william.o.wilkison@gsk.com; rick@jax.org; michaudejiii@ornl.gov FU Glaxo Wellcome; Office of Health and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-960R22464]; Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc.; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX We thank Dr. Frederick F. Becker for valuable discussions on DEN-induced liver carcinogenesis experiments. We thank Drs. D. K. Johnson, E. M. Rinchik, L. B. Russell, and Y. Wang for critically reading the manuscript. Funding to generate and characterize the lines of transgenic mice was provided by Glaxo Wellcome (to RPW). Additional funding to perform the tumorigenesis experiments was provided by the Office of Health and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-960R22464 with Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. (to RPW); and by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC (to EJM). NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-4598 J9 MOL CANCER JI Mol. Cancer PY 2004 VL 3 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1476-4598-3-17 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA V24VV UT WOS:000208438800017 PM 15175105 ER PT B AU Trugman, SA Ku, LC Bonca, J AF Trugman, SA Ku, LC Bonca, J BE Alexandrov, AS Demsar, J Yanson, IK TI The dynamics of inelastic quantum tunneling SO MOLECULAR NANOWIRES AND OTHER QUANTUM OBJECTS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Molecular Nanowires and Other Quantum Objects CY SEP 07-09, 2003 CL Bled, SLOVENIA SP NATO DE polaron; tunneling; inelastic quantum tunneling; polaron phonon scattering ID HOLSTEIN MODEL; POLARON AB We describe how to obtain a numerically exact solution for an electron tunneling through a molecule or nanodot coupled to arbitrary phonon and spin degrees of freedom. Fully quantum and semiclassical tunneling are compared at zero and finite temperature. Frames from movies are presented for elastic and inelastic tunneling through a molecule, and for polaron-phonon scattering in a translation invariant system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Trugman, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2068-6 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 148 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BAJ08 UT WOS:000222494700016 ER PT J AU Ramsay, G Cropper, M Mason, KO Cordova, FA Priedhorsky, W AF Ramsay, G Cropper, M Mason, KO Cordova, FA Priedhorsky, W TI XMM-Newton observations of three short-period polars: V347 Pav, GG Leo and EU UMa SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; stars : individual : EU UMa; stars : individual : GG Leo; stars : individual : V347 Pav; novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays : stars ID MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; WIDE-FIELD CAMERA; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; ROSAT OBSERVATIONS; DP LEO; ACCRETION; AM; STAR AB We present phase-resolved XMM-Newton data of three short-period polars: V347 Pav, GG Leo and EU UMa. All three systems show one dominant accretion region, which is seen for approximately half the orbital cycle. GG Leo shows a strong dip feature in its X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) light curves, which is due to absorption of X-rays from the accretion site by the accretion stream. The emission in the case of EU UMa is dominated by soft X-rays: its soft/hard X-ray ratio is amongst the highest seen in these objects. In contrast, GG Leo and V347 Pav shows a ratio consistent with that predicted by the standard shock model. We infer the mass of the white dwarf and explore the effect of restricting the energy range on the derived parameters. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ramsay, G (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM gtbr@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Cropper, Mark/C-1574-2008; OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 347 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07242.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 753XN UT WOS:000187257000011 ER PT S AU Noble, DR Schunk, PR Wilkes, ED Rao, RR Baer, TA AF Noble, DR Schunk, PR Wilkes, ED Rao, RR Baer, TA BE Mammoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI Finite element simulations of fluid-structure interactions via overset meshes and sharp embedded interfacial conditions SO MOVING BOUNDARIES VII: COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING OF FREE AND MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS SE COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Modelling of Free and Moving Boundary Provlems CY NOV 04-06, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Univ New Mexico, Wessex Inst Technol ID FLOWS AB Many fluid-structure applications involve a solid phase that is subject to large relative motion but only small deformation. In this regime, the domain of the fluid between the solids may be significantly distorted, and Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) methods are unable to maintain mesh integrity without frequent remeshing steps. In this work, an overset mesh approach is developed in the context of finite element methods. The motion of a Lagrangian solid is coupled to an Eulerian fluid along the interface of the solid. A Lagrange multiplier is used to implement the no-slip and normal stress balance along the solid surface. When implemented using standard finite elements, however, it is shown that this method cannot capture the discontinuous velocity gradient that occurs at the interface. To address this, an extended finite element (XFEM) approach is developed that uses enriched finite elements to impose sharp interfacial conditions. The Lagrange multiplier method is applied, both with and without XFEM, to flow around a cylinder and the deformation of a flexible blade due to viscous flow. Even without XFEM, acceptable results are obtained away from the interface. However, the sharp interfacial conditions are shown to improve the accuracy of the solution near the interface. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1466-7266 BN 1-85312-987-9 J9 COMP EXPTL METHODS PY 2004 VL 10 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BAP26 UT WOS:000223104300008 ER PT S AU Chen, KS AF Chen, KS BE Mammoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI Modeling electrodeposition in LIGA micro-fabrication using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation for moving-boundary tracking with repeated re-meshing SO MOVING BOUNDARIES VII: COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING OF FREE AND MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS SE COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Modelling of Free and Moving Boundary Provlems CY NOV 04-06, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Univ New Mexico, Wessex Inst Technol AB Electrodeposition is a key process in LIGA (LIthographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung - German words for lithography, electroplating and molding) microfabrication, which is increasingly demonstrated to be a viable technology for fabricating micro-devices or parts. LIGA Electrodeposition involves complex multi-physics phenomena: 1) diffusion, migration, and convection of charged species in a centimeter-scale electrolyte-bath region and in micron-scale feature-cavity or trench regions; 2) homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical reactions; and 3) moving deposition surface or surfaces on which metal ions (e.g., Ni2+) are electrochemically reduced to form a pure metal or an alloy. In this paper we report efforts toward developing a predictive multidimensional computer model for simulating electrodeposition in LIGA microfabrication. A Poisson equation that explicitly describes electrolyte potential is derived by combining the species mass conservation equations and the electroneutrality constraint. Mesh-motion equations that employ an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation, and species-mass, charge and momentum conservation equations are solved using GOMA in parallel computations. GOMA is a multi-physics multi-dimensional finite-element computer code developed and being enhanced at Sandia National Laboratories. In the present work, homogeneous reactions are taken to be infinitely fast whereas metal-ion reduction reaction on the deposition surface is assumed to obey Butler-Volmer kinetics. Sample results are presented for electrolyte potential, species concentrations, flow field, and positions of the deposition surface for nickel electrodeposition in a two-dimensional trench. To handle the dramatic reduction of trench domains, re-meshing is repeatedly performed using a Sandia-developed mesh-generation toolkit, CUBIT, and re-mapping is done with Sandia's utility program, MAPVAR. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, KS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1466-7266 BN 1-85312-987-9 J9 COMP EXPTL METHODS PY 2004 VL 10 BP 245 EP 255 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BAP26 UT WOS:000223104300024 ER PT S AU McClelland, MA Westerberg, KW Meier, TC Braun, DG Frischknecht, KD Anklam, TM AF McClelland, MA Westerberg, KW Meier, TC Braun, DG Frischknecht, KD Anklam, TM BE Mammoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI Comparison of model and experimental results for material and energy flow in a titanium evaporation system with deforming interfaces SO MOVING BOUNDARIES VII: COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING OF FREE AND MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS SE COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Modelling of Free and Moving Boundary Provlems CY NOV 04-06, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Univ New Mexico, Wessex Inst Technol ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS; 3 DIMENSIONS AB Finite element calculations and measurements are compared for material and energy flow in a system to evaporate pure titanium. A 40 kW electron beam is used to heat the end of a 7.62 cm diameter cylindrical rod which is fed vertically through a water-cooled crucible. Vapor emanates from a liquid pool in which flow is driven strongly by buoyancy and capillary forces. At high evaporation rates, the vapor exerts strong shear and normal forces on the liquid-vapor interface. The MELT finite element code is used to calculate steady-state, axisymmetric flow and temperature fields along with liquid-solid and liquid-vapor interface locations. The influence of the vapor on the liquid top surface is treated using boundary conditions with parameters derived from Monte Carlo simulations. The upper and lower interfaces of the liquid pool are tracked using a mesh structured with rotating spines. Experimental evaporation rates are obtained from measured feed rates, and heat flow rates are determined from measured temperature rises in the cooling water. The finite element model provides a good representation of the measured evaporation rates, heat flows, and lower pool boundary locations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1466-7266 BN 1-85312-987-9 J9 COMP EXPTL METHODS PY 2004 VL 10 BP 257 EP 268 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BAP26 UT WOS:000223104300025 ER PT J AU Brabec, CJ Nann, T Shaheen, SE AF Brabec, CJ Nann, T Shaheen, SE TI Nanostructured p-n junctions for printable photovoltaics SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE conjugated polymers; hybrid photovoltaics; mesopourous oxides; nanoparticles; nanstructure; organic photovoltaics; photoinduced charge transfer ID PLASTIC SOLAR-CELLS; FABRICATION; EFFICIENCY AB By controlling the morphology of organic and inorganic semiconductors on molecular scale, nanoscale p-n junctions can be generated in a bulk composite. Suck a composite is typically called a bulk heterojunction composite, which can be considered as one virtual semiconductor combining the electrical and optical, properties of the individual,components. Solar cells,are one attractive application for bulk heterojunction composites. Conjugated polymers or oligomers are the favorite p-type semiconducting class for these. composites, while for the n-type semiconductor, inorganic nanoparticles as well as organic molecules have been investigated. Due to the solubility of the individual components, printing techniques,are used to fabricate them. C1 Siemens Corp Technol, Erlangen, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Microsyst Technol, Chair Sensors, Freiburg, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Brabec, CJ (reprint author), Siemens Corp Technol, Erlangen, Germany. RI Nann, Thomas/F-6239-2010; Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Brabec, Christoph/N-1897-2013; OI Brabec, Christoph J./0000-0002-9440-0253; Nann, Thomas/0000-0002-2723-6553 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1557/mrs2004.16 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 777DH UT WOS:000189159400021 ER PT J AU Liu, B Edgar, JH Gu, Z Zhuang, D Raghothamachar, B Dudley, M Sarua, A Kuball, M Meyer, HM AF Liu, B Edgar, JH Gu, Z Zhuang, D Raghothamachar, B Dudley, M Sarua, A Kuball, M Meyer, HM TI The durability of various crucible materials for aluminum nitride crystal growth by sublimation SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BULK ALN; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; AIN; EINKRISTALLEN AB Producing high purity aluminum nitride crystals by the sublimation-recondensation technique is difficult due to the inherently reactive crystal growth environment, normally at temperature in excess of 2100 degreesC. The durability of the furnace fixture materials ( crucibles, retorts, etc.) at such a high temperature remains a critical problem. In the present study, the suitability of several refractory materials for AlN crystal growth is investigated, including tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, tungsten, graphite, and hot-pressed boron nitride. The thermal and chemical properties and performance of these materials in inert gas, as well as under AlN crystal growth conditions are discussed. TaC and NbC are the most stable crucible materials with very low elemental vapor pressures in the crystal growth system. Compared with refractory material coated graphite crucibles, HPBN crucible is better for AlN self-seeded growth, as crystals tend to nucleate in thin colorless platelets with low dislocation density. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Raghothamachar, Balaji/B-1094-2008 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 AR 6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 867TR UT WOS:000224865900001 ER PT B AU Shah, AR Castleton, KJ Hoopes, BL AF Shah, AR Castleton, KJ Hoopes, BL BE Arabnia, HR Ajwa, IA Gravvanis, GA TI Framework for risk analysis in multimedia environmental systems: Modeling individual steps of a risk analysis process SO MSV'04 & AMCS'04, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Methods/International Conference on Algorithmic Mathematics and Computer Sciences CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE risk assessment; health risks; simulation and modeling; multimedia environmental systems AB The study of the release and effects of chemicals in the environment and their associated risks to humans is central to public and private decision making. FRAMES, Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems, is a systems modeling software platform, developed by PNNL, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory with funding from U.S. DoE, U.S. EPA, U.S. NRC, and U.S. DoD, that helps scientists study the release and effects of chemicals on a source to outcome basis, create environmental models for similar risk assessment and management problems. The unique aspect of FRAMES is to dynamically introduce software modules representing individual components of a risk assessment (e.g., source release of contaminants, fate and transport in various environmental media, exposure, etc.) within a software framework, manipulate their attributes and run simulations to obtain results. This paper outlines the fundamental constituents of FRAMES 2.X, an enhanced version of FRAMES 1.X, that greatly improve the ability of the module developers to "plug" their self-developed software modules into the system, and allow broader usage of the framework outside the environmental science domain. The basic design, the underlying principles and a discussion of the guidelines for module developers are presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-34-3 PY 2004 BP 38 EP 44 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BBK59 UT WOS:000225884000006 ER PT S AU Leishman, D McNamara, L AF Leishman, D McNamara, L BE Malcolm, G TI Interlopers, translators, scribes, and seers: anthropology, knowledge representation and Bayesian statistics for predictive modelling in multidisciplinary science and engineering projects SO Multidisciplinary Approaches to Visual Representations and Interpretations SE STUDIES IN MULTIDISCIPLINARITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Visual Representations and Interpretations CY SEP, 2002 CL Liverpool, ENGLAND AB Multidisciplinary projects often lack integrated representations to support a diverse community's problem-solving process. In this chapter, we discuss an interdisciplinary approach to knowledge elicitation, representation and transformation developed in the Statistical Sciences Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This approach is called information integration technology (IIT), and it meshes techniques from cultural anthropology, the AI community, and Bayesian statistics to address the complexities of multidisciplinary research. Specifically, we use elicitation techniques derived from cultural anthropology to elicit tacit problem-solving structures from the "natives" - generally, the scientists and engineers collaborating on difficult R&D problems. The elicited information, in turn, is used to develop ontologies that both represent the problem space in the "native language" of the research team, but which are more mathematically tractable to AI and statistical communities. Iterative cycles of representational refinement and quantification lead to the emergence of predictive statistical models that make intuitive sense to all parties: the engineers, elicitation experts, knowledge modellers and statisticians. This method can be used in many types of problems including reliability quantification as shown here. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Leishman, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, D-1, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0831 BN 0-444-51463-5 J9 STUD MULTIDISCIP PY 2004 VL 2 BP 211 EP 228 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BBY58 UT WOS:000228326800015 ER PT S AU Ozcelik, S Orr, G Hu, DH Chen, CS Resat, H Harms, GS Opresko, LK Wiley, HS Colson, SD AF Ozcelik, S Orr, G Hu, DH Chen, CS Resat, H Harms, GS Opresko, LK Wiley, HS Colson, SD BE Periasamy, A TI FRET measurements between small numbers of molecules identifies subtle changes in receptor interactions SO MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences IV CY JAN 25-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Bio-Rad Lab Inc, Carl Zeiss Inc, Chroma Technol Corp, Coherent Inc, Nikon Inc, Omega Opt Inc, Spectra-Phys Inc DE FRET; fluorescence; cells; dimerization; EGFR; HER2 ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CANCER CELLS; HER2 LEVELS; ERBB2; OLIGOMERIZATION; DIMERIZATION; ONCOGENE AB Overexpression of HER2 alters the cellular behavior of EGF receptor (EGFR) and itself, with great implications on cell fate. To understand the molecular interactions underlying these alterations, we quantified the association between the two receptors by looking at efficiency changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a small number of molecules at the membrane of living cells. Human mammary epithelial (HME) cells expressing varying degrees of HER2 were studied, to identify and compare the degree of receptors interactions as a function of HER2 overexpression. A high resolution wide-field laser microscope combined with a high sensitivity cooled CCD camera was used to capture simultaneously donor and acceptor emissions. Alternating between green and red lasers every 80 msec, donor, FRET, and acceptor images were acquired and were used to calculate FRET efficiency. Automated image analysis was developed to create FRET efficiency maps from overlapping donor, acceptor and FRET images, and derive FRET efficiency histograms to quantify receptor-receptor interactions pixel by pixel. This approach enabled us to detect subtle changes in the average distance between EGFR molecules, and between EGFR and HER2. We found pre-existing EGFR homoassociations, and EGFR-HER2 heteroassociations in cells overexpressing HER2, and identified the changes in these interactions with ligand stimulation. These observations demonstrate the power of FRET measurements between small numbers of molecules in identifying subtle changes in molecular interactions in living cell. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ozcelik, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Ozcelik, Serdar/S-4518-2016; OI Ozcelik, Serdar/0000-0003-2029-0108; Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5231-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5323 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.536770 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BAN20 UT WOS:000222940200013 ER PT S AU Zheng, YG Holtom, G Colson, S AF Zheng, YG Holtom, G Colson, S BE Periasamy, A TI Multichannel multiphoton imaging of metal oxides nanoparticles in biological system SO MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences IV CY JAN 25-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Bio-Rad Lab Inc, Carl Zeiss Inc, Chroma Technol Corp, Coherent Inc, Nikon Inc, Omega Opt Inc, Spectra-Phys Inc ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; OPTICAL NONLINEARITY; MICROSCOPY; FILMS AB Near-IR ultrafast pulse laser and confocal microscope are combined to create a multiphoton multichannel non-linear imaging technique, which allows in situ 3-D characterization of nonfluorescent nanoparticles in biological systems. We observed intense CARS signals generated from various metal oxides due to their high third-order nonlinear susceptibilities (chi((3))), which do not depend on the vibrational resonance but on the electronic resonance. We show that fine and ultrafine particles of metal oxides in alveolar macrophage cells may be imaged in vitro using CARS and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy with highest optical resolution for extended periods without photobleaching effects. The advantage of the epi-detection over the forward detection for imaging sub-micron particles has been investigated. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holtom, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gary_holtom@pnl.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5231-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5323 BP 390 EP 399 DI 10.1117/12.528337 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BAN20 UT WOS:000222940200045 ER PT S AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV BE Roli, F Kittler, J Windeatt, T TI A generic sensor fusion problem: Classification and function estimation SO MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems CY JUN 09-SEP 11, 2004 CL Cagliari, ITALY SP Univ Cagliari, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Univ Surrey, Ctr Vis, Speech & Signal Proc, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, IAPR Tech Comm TC1 ID UNKNOWN DISTRIBUTIONS AB A generic fusion problem is studied for multiple sensors whose outputs are probabilistically related to their inputs according to unknown distributions. Sensor measurements are provided as iid input-output samples, and an empirical risk minimization method is described for designing fusers with distribution-free performance bounds. The special cases of isolation and projective fusers for classifiers and function estimators, respectively, are described in terms of performance bounds. The isolation fusers for classifiers are probabilistically guaranteed to perform at least as good as the best classifier. The projective fusers for function estimators are probabilistically guaranteed to perform at least as good as the best subset of estimators. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22144-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3077 BP 16 EP 30 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAH27 UT WOS:000222210200002 ER PT S AU Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Bhadoria, D Kegelmeyer, WP Eschrich, S AF Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Bhadoria, D Kegelmeyer, WP Eschrich, S BE Roli, F Kittler, J Windeatt, T TI A comparison of ensemble creation techniques SO MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems CY JUN 09-SEP 11, 2004 CL Cagliari, ITALY SP Univ Cagliari, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Univ Surrey, Ctr Vis, Speech & Signal Proc, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, IAPR Tech Comm TC1 ID DECISION; FORESTS AB We experimentally evaluated bagging and six other randomization-based ensemble tree methods. Bagging uses randomization to create multiple training sets. Other approaches, such as Randomized C4.5, apply randomization in selecting a test at a given node of a tree. Then there are approaches, such as random forests and random subspaces, that apply randomization in the selection of attributes to be used in building the tree. On the other hand boosting incrementally builds classifiers by focusing on examples misclassified by existing classifiers. Experiments were performed on 34 publicly available data sets. While each of the other six approaches has some strengths, we find that none of them is consistently more accurate than standard bagging when tested for statistical significance. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM rbanfiel@csee.usf.edu; hall@csee.usf.edu; kwd@cse.nd.edu; dbhadori@csee.usf.edu; wpk@ca.sandia.gov; eschrich@csee.usf.edu RI Eschrich, Steven/K-6848-2013; OI Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22144-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3077 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAH27 UT WOS:000222210200022 ER PT J AU Stinis, P AF Stinis, P TI Stochastic optimal prediction for the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE optimal prediction; memory; orthogonal dynamics; underresolution; Hermite polynomials; Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation ID SPATIOTEMPORAL CHAOS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; MODEL; DERIVATION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; SCALE AB We examine the problem of predicting the evolution of solutions of the Kuramoto Sivashinsky equation when initial data are missing. We use the optimal prediction method to construct equations for the reduced system. The resulting equations for the resolved components of the solution are random integrodifferential equations. The accuracy of the predictions depends on the type of projection used in the integral term of the optimal prediction equations and on the choice of resolved components. The novel features of our work include the first application of the optimal prediction formalism for the dimensional reduction of a nonlinear, non-Hamiltonian system of equations and the use of a noninvariant measure constructed through inference from empirical data. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Stinis, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stinis@math.lbl.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 580 EP 612 DI 10.1137/030600424 PG 33 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 857MV UT WOS:000224122300003 ER PT J AU Zagaris, A Kaper, HG Kaper, TJ AF Zagaris, A Kaper, HG Kaper, TJ TI Fast and slow dynamics for the computational singular perturbation method SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE chemical kinetics; kinetic equations; dimension reduction; computational singular perturbation method; fast-slow systems; slow manifold; fast fibers; Fenichel theory; Michaelis-Menten-Henri mechanism ID STEADY-STATE APPROXIMATION; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; CSP; MANIFOLDS; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS AB The computational singular perturbation (CSP) method of Lam and Goussis is an iterative method to reduce the dimensionality of systems of ordinary differential equations with multiple time scales. In [J. Nonlinear Sci., 14 (2004), pp. 59-91], the authors of this paper showed that each iteration of the CSP algorithm improves the approximation of the slow manifold by one order. In this paper, it is shown that the CSP method simultaneously approximates the tangent spaces to the fast fibers along which solutions relax to the slow manifold. Again, each iteration adds one order of accuracy. In some studies, the output of the CSP algorithm is postprocessed by linearly projecting initial data onto the slow manifold along these approximate tangent spaces. These projections, in turn, also become successively more accurate. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr BioDynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zagaris, A (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM azagaris@math.bu.edu; hkaper@nsf.gov; kaper@mcs.anl.gov OI Zagaris, Antonios/0000-0001-6646-0390 NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 613 EP 638 DI 10.1137/040603577 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 857MV UT WOS:000224122300004 ER PT J AU Xiu, DB Tartakovsky, DM AF Xiu, DB Tartakovsky, DM TI A two-scale nonperturbative approach to uncertainty analysis of diffusion in random composites SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE random fields; moment equations; random domain decomposition; polynomial chaos ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; POROUS-MEDIA; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; MODELING UNCERTAINTY; MOMENT EQUATIONS; FLOW AB Many physical systems, such as natural porous media, are highly heterogeneous and characterized by parameters that are uncertain due to the lack of sufficient data. This uncertainty (randomness) occurs on a multiplicity of scales. We focus on random composites with the two dominant scales of uncertainty: large-scale uncertainty in the spatial arrangement of materials and small-scale uncertainty in the parameters within each material. We propose an approach that combines random domain decompositions and polynomial chaos expansions to account for the large and small scales of uncertainty, respectively. We present a general framework and use one-dimensional diffusion to demonstrate that our combined approach provides robust, nonperturbative approximations for the statistics of system states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modeling & Anal Grp T7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xiu, DB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modeling & Anal Grp T7, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xiu@t7.lanl.gov; dmt@lanl.gov RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 662 EP 674 DI 10.1137/03060268X PG 13 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 857MV UT WOS:000224122300006 ER PT B AU Borovsky, JE AF Borovsky, JE BE Sauvaud, JA Nemecek, Z TI A model for the MHD turbulence in the earth's plasma sheet: Building computer simulations SO MULTISCALE PROCESSES IN THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE: FROM INTERBALL TO CLUSTER SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Multiscale Processes in the Earth's Magnetosphere - From Interball to Cluster CY SEP 09-12, 2003 CL Charles Univ, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO Sci Affairs Div HO Charles Univ DE MHD turbulence; plasma sheet; magnetosphere; viscoelasticity; non-Newtonian; magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; simulations; GOY; transmission line ID SCALE MAGNETOSPHERIC TURBULENCE; LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; SHELL MODELS; DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; KINETIC DISSIPATION; SUBSTORM DYNAMICS; ION FLOW; INTERBALL AB The MHD turbulence of the Earth's plasma sheet in the magnetotail has been examined by satellite measurements of magnetic fields and plasma flows; the measured properties of this turbulence are reviewed. A theoretical analysis indicates that the MHD turbulence in the plasma sheet is a very unusual turbulence because of (1) the very limited range of spatial scales available for MHD flows and (2) the dissipation of vorticity by magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, which introduces (a) a time dependence to the rate-of-dissipation of a flow, (b) dissipation at all spatial scales, and (c) dissipation rates that depend on the sign of the vorticity. Using a theoretical analysis of flows in the magnetotail and using some transmission-line experiments, two computational models of the plasma-sheet turbulence are being constructed to study the basic properties of this unconventional turbulence. These computational models are discussed extensively. New aspects of the study of plasma-sheet turbulence that are contained in this report are (a) corrected estimates of the Alfvenicity of the turbulence, (b) a strengthened argument that Alfven waves are not important for the dynamics of the turbulence (i.e. that it is a 2D turbulence), (c) an extended discussion about the time dependence of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, (d) a description of transmission-line experiments performed to clarify some properties of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, and (e) a discussion of numerics for building computer simulations of the magnetotail turbulence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borovsky, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2766-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 178 BP 217 EP 253 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BBP08 UT WOS:000226831200013 ER PT S AU Berry, N Djordjevich, D Ko, T Coburn, B Elliott, S Tsudama, B Whitcomb, M AF Berry, N Djordjevich, D Ko, T Coburn, B Elliott, S Tsudama, B Whitcomb, M BE Dasarathy, BV TI Wireless intelligent monitoring and analysis systems SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATONS 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE wireless sensors; intelligent monitoring; lightweight agents; team coordination; data fusion AB The wireless intelligent monitoring and analysis systems is a proof-of-concept directed at discovering solution(s) for providing decentralized intelligent data analysis and control for distributed containers equipped with wireless sensing units. The objective was to embed smart behavior directly within each wireless sensor container, through the incorporation of agent technology into each sensor suite. This approach provides intelligent directed fusion of data based on a social model of teaming behavior. This system demonstrates intelligent sensor behavior that converts raw sensor data into group knowledge to better understand the integrity of the complete container environment. The emergent team behavior is achieved with lightweight software agents that analyze sensor data based on their current behavior mode. When the system starts-up or is reconfigured the agents self-organize into virtual random teams based on the leader/member/lonely paradigm. The team leader collects sensor data from their members and investigates all abnormal situations to determine the legitimacy of high sensor readings. The team leaders flag critical situation and report this knowledge back to the user via a collection of base stations. This research provides insight into the integration issues and concerns associated with integrating multi-disciplinary fields of software agents, artificial life and autonomous sensor behavior into a complete system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Embedded Reasoning Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Berry, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Embedded Reasoning Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5357-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5434 BP 400 EP 410 DI 10.1117/12.542918 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAN25 UT WOS:000222944000040 ER PT J AU Li, JB Wang, LW AF Li, JB Wang, LW TI Electronic structure of InP quantum rods: differences between wurtzite, zinc blende, and different orientations SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE NANOWIRES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS; EMISSION; STATES AB The electronic structures of zinc blende InP quantum rods are calculated using an atomistic pseudopotential method. The quantum rods in ref [001] and [111] growth directions are studied. We found dramatic differences in the valence bands between the wurtzite CdSe, zinc blende InP [111], and InP [001] quantum rods. We also found an unexpected F-X coupling in the conduction bands of the [111] direction quantum wires. Our calculated results await experimental confirmations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwwang@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1021/nl034833+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 764YA UT WOS:000188233200006 ER PT J AU Daiguji, H Yang, PD Majumdar, A AF Daiguji, H Yang, PD Majumdar, A TI Ion transport in nanofluidic channels SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; NANOTUBE; FIELD; FLOW AB Theoretical modeling of ionic distribution and transport in silica nanotubes, 30 nm in diameter and 5 mum long, suggest that when the diameter is smaller than the Debye length, a unipolar solution of counterions is created within the nanotube and the coions are electrostatically repelled. By locally modifying the surface charge density through a gate electrode, the ion concentration can be depleted under the gate and the ionic current can be significantly suppressed. It is proposed that this could form the basis of a unipolar ionic field-effect transistor. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Inst Environm Studies, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Inst Environm Studies, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM daiguji@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Daiguji, Hirofumi/B-2098-2013 NR 21 TC 269 Z9 270 U1 15 U2 121 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 1 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1021/nl0348185 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 764YA UT WOS:000188233200027 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Brutchey, R Tilley, TD Zettl, A AF Han, WQ Brutchey, R Tilley, TD Zettl, A TI Activated boron nitride derived from activated carbon SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTION-REACTION; BXCYNZ NANOTUBES; BN NANOTUBES; TEMPERATURE; PRECURSORS; HYDROGEN AB An activated carbon template substitution reaction has been used to synthesize activated boron nitride (BN). The resulting material is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and surface area analysis. The activated BN microstructure is similar to that of the starting activated carbon template. The specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore radius of template-derived activated BN are 168 m(2)/g, 0.27 cm(3)/g, and 32.2 Angstrom, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Brutchey, Richard/C-4506-2008; Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 16 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1021/nl034843a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 764YA UT WOS:000188233200033 ER PT S AU Holt, JK Park, HG Bakajin, O Noy, A Huser, T Eaglesham, D AF Holt, JK Park, HG Bakajin, O Noy, A Huser, T Eaglesham, D BE Taylor, DP Liu, J McIlroy, D Merhari, L Pendry, JB Borenstein, JT Grodzinski, P Lee, LP Wang, ZL TI Carbon nanotube-based permeable membranes SO NANOENGINEERED ASSEMBLIES AND ADVANCED MICRO/NANOSYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoengineered Assemblies and Advanced Micro/Nanosystems held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB A membrane of multiwall carbon nanotubes embedded in a silicon nitride matrix was fabricated for use in studying fluid mechanics on the nanometer scale. Characterization by fluorescent tracer diffusion and scanning electron microscopy suggests that the membrane is void-free near the silicon substrate on which it rests, implying that the hollow core of the nanotube is the only conduction path for molecular transport. Assuming Knudsen diffusion through this nanotube membrane, a maximum helium transport rate (for a pressure drop of 1 atm) of 0.25 cc/sec is predicted. Helium flow measurements of a nanoporous silicon nitride membrane, fabricated by sacrificial removal of carbon, give a flow rate greater than 1 x 10(-6) cc/sec. For viscous, laminar flow conditions, water is estimated to flow across the nanotube membrane (under a I atm pressure drop) at up to 2.8 x 10(-5) cc/sec (1.7 muL/min). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Holt, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Park, Hyung Gyu/F-3056-2013 OI Park, Hyung Gyu/0000-0001-8121-2344 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-770-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 820 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BBA61 UT WOS:000224423500011 ER PT S AU Zhong, JX Stocks, GM AF Zhong, JX Stocks, GM BE Taylor, DP Liu, J McIlroy, D Merhari, L Pendry, JB Borenstein, JT Grodzinski, P Lee, LP Wang, ZL TI Control of doping and electronic transport in nanowires SO NANOENGINEERED ASSEMBLIES AND ADVANCED MICRO/NANOSYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoengineered Assemblies and Advanced Micro/Nanosystems held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We propose a novel concept, namely, delta-doping of nanowires, to control the carrier mobility in nanowires. Different from the traditional doping, our approach features doping of a nanowire only on its surface. Our calculations based on Anderson models for nanowires with surface disorder showed remarkably different results from the traditional doping where impurities are distributed inside the nanowire. We found that there exist transition energy levels similar to the mobility edges in three-dimensional disordered systems. If the Fermi energy is below the transition energy level, the delta-doped nanowire is simply an insulator. But once the Fermi energy exceeds this energy level, the carrier mobility increases significantly. The transition levels are almost independent of the degree of disorder in the regime of strong disorder. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhong, JX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-770-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 820 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BBA61 UT WOS:000224423500013 ER PT S AU Hsu, JWP Tian, ZR Simmons, NC Matzke, CM Voigt, JA Liu, J AF Hsu, JWP Tian, ZR Simmons, NC Matzke, CM Voigt, JA Liu, J BE Lai, WYC Pau, S Lopez, OD TI Spatial organization of ZnO nanorods on surfaces via organic templating SO NANOFABRICATION: TECHNOLOGIES, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanofabrication CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, New Jersey Nanotechnol Consortium, JEOL, Quantachrome Instruments, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE microcontact printing; self-assembly; zinc oxide; nanostructures; solution crystal growth ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a technologically important material because of its multi-functional properties, with applications ranging from piezoelectric transducers and varistors to wide-bandgap semiconductor for UV emitters and detectors. In addition to polycrystalline ceramic powders and epitaxial thin films, recent advances in ZnO have been in vapor and solution phase growth of complex nanostructures. For these nanostructures to be useful, a means to place them strategically on the surface is needed. Here we will describe using micro-contact printing to pattern self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules that locally inhibit crystal growth on surfaces. These chemically patterned surfaces are then used as templates for ZnO nanorod growth in aqueous solutions. We demonstrate good control of crystal placement with feature size down to 1 mu m. In addition, we find that restricting active nucleation regions results in a marked increase in nucleation density. These results are the first demonstration of combining soft lithography and bio-inspired crystal growth to make nanostructures of ZnO. The success illustrated here indicates that such a combination may be applicable to a much broader, range of materials systems than previously envisioned. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hsu, JWP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI Tian, Z. Ryan /R-6671-2016 OI Tian, Z. Ryan /0000-0002-5644-8483 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5545-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5592 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.581857 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBR38 UT WOS:000227355700017 ER PT S AU Keeler, BEN Bogart, GR Carr, DW AF Keeler, BEN Bogart, GR Carr, DW BE Lai, WYC Pau, S Lopez, OD TI Late-rally deformable optical NEMS grating transducers for inertial sensing applications SO NANOFABRICATION: TECHNOLOGIES, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanofabrication CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, New Jersey Nanotechnol Consortium, JEOL, Quantachrome Instruments, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS); rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA); grating transducer; accelerometers; inertial sensing; diffraction gratings; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); nanophotonics; microstructure fabrication ID INTERFEROMETRIC DETECTION AB This paper discusses the use of laterally deformable optical nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) grating transducers for sensor applications. For very small changes in the spacing of the nanostructured grating elements, a large change in the optical reflection amplitude is observed, making this an ideal transducer element for detecting very small amounts of relative motion. These devices are also very sensitive to wavelength, and could thus. be used as tunable elements for spectrometry, as well as communications or inertial sensing. This anomalous diffraction property was predicted in previous work; here, we experimentally verify operation of these devices and demonstrate a motion detection sensitivity of 10 fm/Hz(1/2), comparable to the most sensitive MEMS transducer. As optical devices, these sensors have additional advantages over electrical sensors, including high immunity to electromagnetic interference and the possibility of integration with fiber optics to create a network of sensors with a single remote optical source and detector. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keeler, BEN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5545-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5592 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1117/12.571504 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBR38 UT WOS:000227355700032 ER PT S AU Ocola, LE Stein, A AF Ocola, LE Stein, A BE Lai, WYC Pau, S Lopez, OD TI From microchannels to nanochannels in a bilayer resist SO NANOFABRICATION: TECHNOLOGIES, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanofabrication CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, New Jersey Nanotechnol Consortium, JEOL, Quantachrome Instruments, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc ID FABRICATION AB This paper describes the use of a unique combination of an environmentally stable chemically amplified photoresist (UV113, Shipley) and a copolymer of methyl styrene and chloromethyl acrylate P(MS/CMA) resist (ZEP520, Zeon), without any additional intermediate layers, in the fabrication of micro- and nanochannels. The two resists used are innocuous to each other during the designed process flow, providing flexibility, high resolution, greater throughput and ease of use. We have also determined that the maximum channel length is limited by diffusion and mass transport effects, and that sub-100 nm nanochannels can be obtained with 30 micron lengths. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ocola, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Ocola, Leonidas/0000-0003-4990-1064 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5545-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5592 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1117/12.572068 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBR38 UT WOS:000227355700045 ER PT S AU Wang, GF Van Hove, MA Ross, PN Baskes, MI AF Wang, GF Van Hove, MA Ross, PN Baskes, MI BE Glembocki, OJ Hunt, CE TI Atomistic simulations of fee Pt75Ni25 and Pt75Re25 cubo-octahedral narroparticles SO NANOPARTICLES AND NANOWIRE BUILDING BLOCKS-SYNTHESIS, PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND THEORY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticles and Nanowire Building Blocks held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID EMBEDDED-ATOM POTENTIALS; IMPURITIES; METALS AB We have developed interatomic potentials for Pt-Ni and Pt-Re alloys within the modified embedded atom method (MEAM). Furthermore, we applied these potentials to study the equilibrium structures of Pt75Ni25 and Pt75Re25 nanoparticles at T=600 K using the Monte Carlo method. In this work, the nanoparticles are assumed to have disordered fcc cubo-octahedral shapes (terminated by {111} and {100} facets) and contain from 586 to 4033 atoms (corresponding to a diameter from 2.5 to 5 nm). It was found that, due to surface segregation, (1) the Pt75Ni25 nanoparticles form a surface-sandwich structure: the Pt atoms are enriched in the outermost and third atomic shells, while the Ni atoms are enriched in the second atomic shell; (2) the equilibrium Pt75Re25 nanoparticles adopt a core-shell structure: a Pt-enriched shell surrounding a Pt-deficient core. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-768-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 818 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF84 UT WOS:000225284900014 ER PT S AU Xu, Q Sharp, ID Liao, CY Yi, DO Ager, JW Beeman, JW Liliental-Weber, Z Yu, KM Zakharov, D Chrzan, DC Haller, EE AF Xu, Q Sharp, ID Liao, CY Yi, DO Ager, JW Beeman, JW Liliental-Weber, Z Yu, KM Zakharov, D Chrzan, DC Haller, EE BE Glembocki, OJ Hunt, CE TI Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies of Ge nanocrystals SO NANOPARTICLES AND NANOWIRE BUILDING BLOCKS-SYNTHESIS, PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND THEORY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticles and Nanowire Building Blocks held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MATRIX; MEMORY AB Ge-74 nanocrystals were formed by ion beam synthesis in SiO2. Transmission Electron Microscopy was used to characterize the structure and properties of these Ge nanocrystals before and after liberation from the matrix. The liberation from the SiO2 matrix was achieved through selective etching in a HF bath. High-resolution micrographs and selective area diffraction confirm that the crystallinity is retained in this process. Transfer of released nanocrystals is achieved through ultrasonic dispersion in methanol and deposition onto lacey carbon films via evaporation of methanol. In an effort to determine the melting point of Ge nanocrystals and observe the growth and evolution of nanocrystals embedded in the amorphous SiO2 during heat treatment, as-grown nanocrystals were heated in-situ up to 1192degreesC+/-60degreesC in a JEOL 200CX analytical electron microscope. Electron diffraction patterns are recorded using a Charge-Coupled Device. A large melting hysteresis was observed around the melting temperature of bulk Ge. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Sharp, Ian/I-6163-2015; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Sharp, Ian/0000-0001-5238-7487; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-768-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 818 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF84 UT WOS:000225284900044 ER PT S AU Sharp, ID Xu, Q Liao, CY Yi, DO Ager, JW Beeman, JW Yu, KM Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Chrzan, DC Haller, EE AF Sharp, ID Xu, Q Liao, CY Yi, DO Ager, JW Beeman, JW Yu, KM Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Chrzan, DC Haller, EE BE Glembocki, OJ Hunt, CE TI Characterization and manipulation of exposed Ge nanocrystals SO NANOPARTICLES AND NANOWIRE BUILDING BLOCKS-SYNTHESIS, PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND THEORY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticles and Nanowire Building Blocks held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID RAMAN; SILICON; SEMICONDUCTORS; SIZE AB Isotopically pure Ge-70 and Ge-74 nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 thin films on Si substrates have been fabricated through ion implantation and thermal annealing. Nanocrystals were subsequently exposed using a hydrofluoric acid etching procedure to selectively remove the oxide matrix while retaining up to 69% of the implanted Ge. Comparison of transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of as-grown crystals to atomic force microscope (AFM) data of exposed crystals reveals that the nanocrystal size distribution is very nearly preserved during etching. Therefore, this process provides a new means to use AFM for rapid and straightforward determination of size distributions of nanocrystals formed in a silica matrix. Once exposed, nanocrystals may be transferred to a variety of substrates, such as conducting metal films and optically transparent insulators for further characterization. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharp, ID (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Sharp, Ian/I-6163-2015; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Sharp, Ian/0000-0001-5238-7487; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-768-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 818 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF84 UT WOS:000225284900062 ER PT S AU San Marchi, C Moody, NR Cordill, MJ Lucadamo, G Kelly, JJ Headley, T Yang, N AF San Marchi, C Moody, NR Cordill, MJ Lucadamo, G Kelly, JJ Headley, T Yang, N BE Anderson, PM Foecke, T Misra, A Rudd, RE TI Structure-property relationships of An films electrodeposited on Ni SO NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND MODELING-RELATIONS AMONG PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Materials and Modeling held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GOLD AB Thin gold films and coatings on metal have long constituted an important technology for the microelectronics industry and will continue to be important for microdevices such as contact springs. The properties of these materials may be highly processing dependent, particularly when the gold is deposited by electrochemical means. In this study, we characterize gold electrodeposited on Ni substrates from two bath chemistries: hard Au sulfite with proprietary hardening additive and soft Au cyanide. TEM and SEM show that the bath chemistry alters the microstructure and the resulting surface of the electrodeposits. Nanoindentation techniques were used to determine the elastic and plastic properties of the An electrodeposits as a function of the specifics of processing. Soft Au electrodeposits have a grain size of on the order of 300 nm and a hardness of about 1 GPa. Hard An electrodeposits produced from the sulfite bath feature grain sizes as small as 30 nm, some twinning, and fine porosity uniformly distributed both within the grains and at grain boundaries. The hardness is about 2 GPa, approaching the hardest values reported for sputtered gold films. The effect of the hardening agent on the microstructure of electrodeposits from the Au sulfite bath was also investigated and found to significantly refine the grain size at concentrations of at least 4 mL/L, although little additional refinement was found at higher concentrations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP San Marchi, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Cordill, Megan/0000-0003-1142-8312 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-771-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 821 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF07 UT WOS:000225177200001 ER PT S AU Zhao, YH Liao, XZ Valiev, RZ Zhu, YT AF Zhao, YH Liao, XZ Valiev, RZ Zhu, YT BE Anderson, PM Foecke, T Misra, A Rudd, RE TI Structures and mechanical properties of ECAP processed 7075 Al alloy upon natural aging and T651 treatment SO NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND MODELING-RELATIONS AMONG PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Materials and Modeling held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GRAIN-REFINEMENT; STABILITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; ALLOYS AB Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) processed ultrafine grained (UFG) and coarse grained (CG) 7075 At alloys were treated by natural aging and T651 temper (annealed at 120 degreesC for 48 h in Ar atmosphere), respectively. Mechanical tests showed that for the UFG sample, the natural aging resulted in the highest strength (the ultimate tensile strength is 720 MPa). In contrast, for the CG sample, the T651 treatment resulted in a higher strength (the ultimate strength is 590 MPa) than the natural aging (530 MPa). Microstructural analyses indicated that the enhanced strength of the T651 treated CG sample was mainly caused by high densities of GP zones and metastable eta' precipitates. The enhanced strength of the naturally aged UFG sample was mainly caused by the high densities of G-P zones and dislocations. Upon T651 treatment, the dislocation density of the UFG sample deceased significantly, overcompensating the precipitation strengthening. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhao, YH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Zhao, Yonghao/A-8521-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-771-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 821 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF07 UT WOS:000225177200009 ER PT S AU Zhao, YH Liao, XZ Zhu, YTT AF Zhao, YH Liao, XZ Zhu, YTT BE Anderson, PM Foecke, T Misra, A Rudd, RE TI Unconfined twist: a simple method to prepare ultrafine grained metallic materials SO NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND MODELING-RELATIONS AMONG PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Materials and Modeling held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; NANOCRYSTALLINE AB A new simple method - unconfined twist was employed to prepare ultrafine grained (UFG) Fe wire. A coarse grained (CG) Fe wire with a diameter of 0.85 mm was fixed at one end, and twisted at the other end. After maximum twist before fracture, in the cross-sectional plane, concentrically deformed layers with a width of several micrometers formed surrounding the center axis of the wire. The near-surface deformed layers consist of lamella grains with a width in submicrometer range. In the longitudinal plane, deformed bands (with a width of several micrometers) formed uniformly, which were composed of lamella crystallites (with a width in submicrometer range). The tensile yield strength and ultimate strength of the twisted Fe wire are increased by about 150 % and 100 % compared with the values of its CG counterpart. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, YTT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Zhao, Yonghao/A-8521-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-771-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 821 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF07 UT WOS:000225177200011 ER PT S AU Hammerberg, JE Germann, TC Holian, BL Ravelo, R AF Hammerberg, JE Germann, TC Holian, BL Ravelo, R BE Anderson, PM Foecke, T Misra, A Rudd, RE TI Nanoscale structure and high velocity sliding at Cu/Ag interfaces SO NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND MODELING-RELATIONS AMONG PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Materials and Modeling held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present the results of large-scale NonEquilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) simulations for Cu/Ag interfaces sliding in the velocity regime 0less than or equal tovless than or equal to1km/sec. System sizes of 2.8 x 10(6) atoms are considered using Embedded Atom Method (EAM) potentials. Single crystals with (010) interfaces sliding along the (100) direction are considered. We discuss the observed velocity weakening in the tangential force at high velocities, and its connection with the observed dislocation structure and nanostructure that are nucleated during dry sliding. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hammerberg, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-771-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 821 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF07 UT WOS:000225177200016 ER PT S AU Zhang, LH Johnson, E Dahmen, U AF Zhang, LH Johnson, E Dahmen, U BE Anderson, PM Foecke, T Misra, A Rudd, RE TI Investigation of strain accommodation upon phase transformation of small inclusions in aluminum SO NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND MODELING-RELATIONS AMONG PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Materials and Modeling held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DIFFRACTION CONTRAST; PARTICLES; CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; MATRIX; SHAPES AB The evolution of elastic strain caused by melting and solidification of small inclusions in aluminum was investigated by in-situ transmission electron microscopy. The appearance and subsequent decay of elastic strain during phase transformation of inclusions around 100nm in size were observed directly, and the decay rate was determined as a function of temperature. The mechanism of strain accommodation was studied by determining the activation energy of the process using alloy composition and inclusion size to control the transformation temperature. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-771-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 821 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF07 UT WOS:000225177200026 ER PT S AU Buehler, MJ Hartmaier, A Duchaineau, M Abraham, FF Gao, HJ AF Buehler, MJ Hartmaier, A Duchaineau, M Abraham, FF Gao, HJ BE Anderson, PM Foecke, T Misra, A Rudd, RE TI Analysis of a one-billion atom simulation of work-hardening in ductile materials SO NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND MODELING-RELATIONS AMONG PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Materials and Modeling held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CROSS SLIP; METALS AB We analyze a large-scale molecular dynamics simulation of work hardening in a ductile model material comprising of 500 million atoms interacting with a Lennard-Jones pair potential within a classical molecular dynamics scheme. With tensile loading, we observe emission of thousands of dislocations from two sharp cracks. The dislocations interact in a complex way, revealing three fundamental mechanisms of work-hardening. These are (1) dislocation cutting processes, jog formation and generation of point defects; (2) activation of secondary slip systems by cross-slip; and (3) formation of sessile Lomer-Cottrell locks. The dislocations self-organize into a complex sessile defect topology. Our analysis illustrates mechanisms formerly only known from textbooks and observed indirectly in experiment. It is the first time that such a rich set of fundamental phenomena has been seen in a single computer simulation. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Buehler, MJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Buehler, Markus/C-4580-2008; Hartmaier, Alexander/O-2087-2013 OI Buehler, Markus/0000-0002-4173-9659; Hartmaier, Alexander/0000-0002-3710-1169 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-771-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 821 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF07 UT WOS:000225177200041 ER PT S AU Lin, YH Tu, Y Lu, F Ren, ZF AF Lin, YH Tu, Y Lu, F Ren, ZF BE Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Development of biosensors based on carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays SO NANOSENSING: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensing CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE carbon-nanotubes; nanoelectrode arrays; voltammetry; glucose; biosensor ID MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; SITE DENSITY; ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; OPTIMIZATION; GLUCOSE AB The fabrication, electrochemical characterization, and sensing applications of low-site density carbon nanotubes based nanoelectrode arrays (CNT-NEAs) are reported in this work. Spin-coating of an epoxy resin provides a new way to create the electrode passivation layer that effectively reduces the current leakage and eliminates the electrode capacitance by sealing the side-wall of CNTs. The CNT-NEAs fabricated in our work effectively use the open ends of CNTs for electrochemical sensing. The open ends of the CNTs have fast electron transfer rates similar to a graphite edge-plane electrode, while the side-walls present very slow electron transfer rates similar to the graphitic basal plane. Cyclic voltammetry showed the sigmoidal shape curves with low capacitive current and scan-rate-independent limiting current. The successful development of a glucose biosensor based on CNT-NEAs for the selective detection of glucose is also described. Glucose oxidase was covalently immobilized on the CNTs tips via carbodiimide chemistry by forming amide linkages between the amine residues and carboxylic acid groups on the open ends of CNTs. The biosensor effectively performs selective electrochemical detections of glucose in the presence of common interferences. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5546-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5593 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.568079 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BBP00 UT WOS:000226789700006 ER PT S AU Park, HY Lipert, RJ Porter, MD AF Park, HY Lipert, RJ Porter, MD BE Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Single-particle Raman measurements of gold nanoparticles used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sandwich immunoassays SO NANOSENSING: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensing CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); gold; nanoparticles; size; atomic force microscopy (AFM); self-assembled monolayer ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RESONANCE; DNA; MICROSCOPY; ANTIGEN; LABELS; SERS AB The effect of particle size on the intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using labeled gold nanoparticles has been investigated. Two sets of experiments were preformed, both of which employed 632.8-nm laser excitation. The first entailed a sandwich immunoassay in which an antibody coupled to a smooth gold substrate selectively captured free-prostate specific antigen (f-PSA) front buffered aqueous solutions. The presence of captured f-PSA was then detected by the response of Raman-labeled immunogold nanoparticles with nominal diameters of 30, 40, 50, 60, or 80 nm. The resulting SERS responses were correlated to particle densities, which were determined by atomic force microscopy, by calculating the average response per particle after accounting for differences in particle surface area. This analysis showed that the magnitude of the SERS response increased with increasing particle size. The second set of experiments examined the response of individual nanoparticles. These experiments differed in that the labeled nanoparticles were coupled to the smooth gold substrate by an amine-terminated thiolate, yielding a much smaller average separation between the particles and substrate. The results revealed that particles with a diameter of similar to70 nm exhibited the largest enhancement. The origin of the difference in the two sets of findings, which is attributed to the distance dependence of the plasmon coupling between the nanoparticles and underlying substrate, is briefly discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Park, HY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5546-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5593 BP 464 EP 477 DI 10.1117/12.572436 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BBP00 UT WOS:000226789700047 ER PT S AU Lin, YH Yantasee, W Fryxell, GE Conner, MM AF Lin, YH Yantasee, W Fryxell, GE Conner, MM BE Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Electrochemical sensors based on functionalized nanoporous silica for environmental monitoring SO NANOSENSING: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensing CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE glycinyl-urea; acetamide phosphonic acid; self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous silica; SAMMS; uranium; lead; voltammetry ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CARBON-PASTE ELECTRODE; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS SAMMS; SEPARATION; MERCURY; ACIDS; OXIDE AB Nanostructured materials enable the development of miniature sensing devices that are compact, low-cost, low-energy-consumption, and easily integrated into field-deployable units. Recently we have successfully developed electrochemical sensors based on functionalized nanostructured materials for the characterization of metal ions. Specifically, glycinyl-urea self-assembled monolayer on nanoporous silica (Gly-UR SAMMS) has been incorporated in carbon paste electrodes for the detection of toxic metals such as lead, copper, and mercury based on adsorptive stripping voltammetry, while acetamide phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayer on nanoporous silica (Ac-Phos SAMMS) has been used for the detection of uranium. Both electrochemical sensors yield reproducible measurements with excellent detection limits (at ppb level), are selective for target species, does not require the use of mercury film and chelating agents, and require little or no regeneration of electrode materials. The rigid, open, paralleled pore structure combined with suitable interfacial chemistry of SAMMS also results in fast responses of the electrochemical sensors. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5546-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5593 BP 554 EP 560 DI 10.1117/12.568110 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BBP00 UT WOS:000226789700056 ER PT S AU Peterson, RB Fields, CL Gregg, BA AF Peterson, RB Fields, CL Gregg, BA BE Kelder, EM Leite, ER Tarascon, JM Chiang, YM TI Epitaxial chemical deposition of ZnO nanocolumns from NaOH solutions SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS IN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVICES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanostructured Materials in Alternative Energy Devices CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA ID ZINC-OXIDE FILMS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; ARRAY AB A new method of depositing epitaxial ZnO nanocolumns on sputter-coated ZnO substrates is described that utilizes supersaturated zincate species in sodium hydroxide solutions and requires no complexing agents. Uniform arrays of columns are grown reproducibly over entire substrates in 10 to 50 min. Columns are 50 to 2000 nm long and 50 to 100 nm wide. Strict substrate cleaning and/or preparations are not necessary with this method, in contrast to many other techniques. Films grow only on substrates pre-coated with ZnO, not on bare glass or ITO- or SnO(2)-coated glass. Factors affecting the column growth are elucidated and experimental observations are correlated with crystal growth theory. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Peterson, RB (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-772-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 822 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BBB03 UT WOS:000224462200013 ER PT S AU Jankowski, AF Cherepy, NJ Ferreira, JL Hayes, JP AF Jankowski, AF Cherepy, NJ Ferreira, JL Hayes, JP BE Kelder, EM Leite, ER Tarascon, JM Chiang, YM TI Characterization of vapor deposited, nanostructured membranes SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS IN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanostructured Materials in Alternative Energy Devices CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ELECTRODE; ANODE; MICRO AB The vapor deposition methods of planar magnetron sputtering and electron-beam evaporation are used to synthesize materials with nanostructured morphological features that have ultra-high surface areas with continuous open porosity at the nanoscale. These nanostructured membranes are used in a variety of fuel cells to provide electrode and catalytic functions. Specifically, stand alone and composite nickel electrodes for use in thin film solid-oxide, and molten carbonate fuel cells are formed by sputter deposition and electron beam evaporation, respectively. Also, a potentially high-performance catalyst material for the direct reformation of hydrocarbon fuels at low temperatures is deposited as a nanostructure by the reactive sputtering of a copper-zinc alloy using a partial pressure of oxygen at an elevated substrate temperature. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-772-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 822 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BBB03 UT WOS:000224462200015 ER PT S AU Pern, FJ Turner, JA Herring, AM AF Pern, FJ Turner, JA Herring, AM BE Kelder, EM Leite, ER Tarascon, JM Chiang, YM TI Hybrid proton-carrier polymer composites for high-temperature FCPEM applications SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS IN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanostructured Materials in Alternative Energy Devices CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA ID FUEL-CELLS; MEMBRANES; ACID AB Hybrid proton-carrier polymer composites were fabricated in an effort to develop high-performance high-temperature proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell applications in the 100degrees-200degreesC range. The solution-cast hybrid membranes comprise a polymer host and a SiO2-based proton-carrier composite that was synthesized via sol gel approach using a functional silane and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in acidic conditions. The primary H+-carrying component was either a heteropoly silicotungstic acid (STA) or a sulfonic acid (SFA) that was thermo-oxidatively converted from a mercapto (-SH) group. The embedding level of STA on the silane-modified SiO2 sol gel composites was strongly affected by the presence and the functional group of the silane. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the water-washed, SiO2-based STA and SFA proton-carrier composite powders is in the range of 1.8-3.5 mmol/g, two to three times higher than that for Nafion 117 (0.9 meq/mol). A glycidylmethacrylate-type copolymer, PEMAGMA, which is stable up to similar to225degreesC, was able to produce mechanically robust and flexible hybrid membranes. Upon curing, the PEMAGMA composite membranes showed a similar to75% gel under the present formulation and retained the "free" STA effectively with slight loss when extracted in an 85degreesC water. The W12-STA-containing PEMAGMA membranes followed the weight loss trends of water from STA and the SiO2-based sot gel composite, showing a 10 wt% loss at 150 degreesC and a 15 wt% loss at 225 degreesC. Fuel cell performance tests of the preliminary films gave a V-oc in the 0.85-0.93 V range, but a low current density of <4 mA/cm(2). The resistive characteristics were attributed to inhomogeneous distribution of the sot gel nanoparticles in the PEMAGMA matrix, a result of phase separation and particulate agglomeration during film forming. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pern, FJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-772-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 822 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BBB03 UT WOS:000224462200025 ER PT B AU Sparks, R Stoughton, C Raddick, MJ AF Sparks, R Stoughton, C Raddick, MJ BE Narasimham, C BeckWinchatz, B Hawkins, I Runyon, C TI Using Sloan Digital Sky Survey data in the classroom SO NASA OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH CONFERENCE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NASA OSS Conference on Education and Public Outreach CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Chicago, IL SP NASA Off Space Sci AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will map 25% of the night sky down to 23rd magnitude, cataloging more than 100 million objects and taking spectra of over I million objects. All data from the SDSS will be publicly available on the Internet. These data include exact positions of stars, galaxies and quasars in the sky; magnitudes in five wavelengths; and spectra. From these data, astronomers will create a detailed map of the universe. With this map, they will better understand the universe's large-scale structure, yielding information on its evolution and ultimate fate. SDSS data will give students a unique opportunity to conduct astronomical research using the same data that professional astronomers use. Students will create Hubble Diagrams to illustrate the expansion of the universe, and will create Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams, which will allow them to find the ages of and distances to stars and star clusters. Because these activities use real data, students will be led through some the difficulties that professional astronomers experience in analyzing data. All SDSS data will be available on the SkyServer web site, http://skyserver.sdss.org. The vast amount of data-13 million objects so far-can be browsed and searched using a variety of tools. The data range from tri-color images and processed spectra to raw image files to magnitude data in 5 different wavelengths. Student lessons available on the SkyServer web site range from the elementary to the introductory college level. Each lesson is designed to meet national standards for science education. Each lesson also has an extensive section of teacher notes available, providing appropriate background information and ideas for student evaluation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sparks, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Wilson & Kirk Rd,MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-181-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 319 BP 394 EP 396 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BBP82 UT WOS:000226966000104 ER PT S AU Mazanec, T Perry, S Tonkovich, L Wang, Y AF Mazanec, T Perry, S Tonkovich, L Wang, Y BE Bao, X Xu, Y TI Microchannel gas-to-liquids conversion - thinking big by thinking small SO NATURAL GAS CONVERSION VII SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP BP, ConocoPhillips, Ex xonMobil, Shell, Johnson Matthey Catalysis, Haldor Topsoe A/S, BASF, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Petroleum China, Sinopec, Chinese Acad Sci, Sinopec, Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys C1 Velocys Inc, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. Pacific NE Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mazanec, T (reprint author), Velocys Inc, 7950 Corp Blvd, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51599-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2004 VL 147 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BBA49 UT WOS:000224407500029 ER PT S AU Dai, HX Chen, L Tilley, TD Iglesia, E Bell, AT AF Dai, HX Chen, L Tilley, TD Iglesia, E Bell, AT BE Bao, X Xu, Y TI Effects of additives on the activity and selectivity of supported vanadia catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane SO NATURAL GAS CONVERSION VII SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP BP, ConocoPhillips, Ex xonMobil, Shell, Johnson Matthey Catalysis, Haldor Topsoe A/S, BASF, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Petroleum China, Sinopec, Chinese Acad Sci, Sinopec, Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys ID MOLYBDENUM OXIDE CATALYSTS; ISOTOPIC TRACER; PATHWAYS AB The activity and selectivity of alumina- and magnesia-supported vanadia for propane oxidative dehydrogenation can be enhanced by can be enhanced by interactions of vanadia with molydena for the alumina-supported catalyst and by phosphorous doping for the magnesla-supported catalyst. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dai, HX (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017; OI Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51599-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2004 VL 147 BP 679 EP 684 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BBA49 UT WOS:000224407500114 ER PT J AU Larimer, FW Chain, P Hauser, L Lamerdin, J Malfatti, S Do, L Land, ML Pelletier, DA Beatty, JT Lang, AS Tabita, FR Gibson, JL Hanson, TE Bobst, C Torres, JLTY Peres, C Harrison, FH Gibson, J Harwood, CS AF Larimer, FW Chain, P Hauser, L Lamerdin, J Malfatti, S Do, L Land, ML Pelletier, DA Beatty, JT Lang, AS Tabita, FR Gibson, JL Hanson, TE Bobst, C Torres, JLTY Peres, C Harrison, FH Gibson, J Harwood, CS TI Complete genome sequence of the metabolically versatile photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANOXYGENIC PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA; GENE-TRANSFER AGENT; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; CHLOROBIUM-TEPIDUM; SULFUR METABOLISM; STEM NODULATION; TRANSPORTERS; CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; BIODEGRADATION AB Rhodopseudomonas palustris is among the most metabolically versatile bacteria known. It uses light, inorganic compounds, or organic compounds, for energy. It acquires carbon from many types of green plant-derived compounds or by carbon dioxide fixation, and it fixes nitrogen. Here we describe the genome sequence of R. palustris, which consists of a 5,459,213-base-pair (bp) circular chromosome with 4,836 predicted genes and a plasmid of 8,427 bp. The sequence reveals genes that confer a remarkably large number of options within a given type of metabolism, including three nitrogenases, five benzene ring cleavage pathways and four light harvesting 2 systems. R. palustris encodes 63 signal transduction histidine kinases and 79 response regulator receiver domains. Almost 15% of the genome is devoted to transport. This genome sequence is a starting point to use R. palustris as a model to explore how organisms integrate metabolic modules in response to environmental perturbations. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Harwood, CS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, 3-432 Bowen Sci Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Rechsteiner, Cindyr/C-2144-2011; Pelletier, Dale/F-4154-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Hanson, Thomas/G-9386-2016; OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Hanson, Thomas/0000-0002-1967-5986; Lang, Andrew/0000-0002-4510-7683 NR 48 TC 361 Z9 851 U1 3 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1038/nbt923 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 759PE UT WOS:000187745400027 PM 14704707 ER PT J AU Atkinson, A Barnett, S Gorte, RJ Irvine, JTS Mcevoy, AJ Mogensen, M Singhal, SC Vohs, J AF Atkinson, A Barnett, S Gorte, RJ Irvine, JTS Mcevoy, AJ Mogensen, M Singhal, SC Vohs, J TI Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT-OXIDATION; DOPED CERIA; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON DEPOSITION; POTENTIAL ANODE; METHANE; SOFC; CATALYSTS; ELECTROLYTE; STABILITIES AB Fuel cells will undoubtedly find widespread use in this new millennium in the conversion of chemical to electrical energy, as they offer very high efficiencies and have unique scalability in electricity-generation applications. The solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most exciting of these energy technologies; it is an all-ceramic device that operates at temperatures in the range 500-1,000degreesC. The SOFC offers certain advantages over lower temperature fuel cells, notably its ability to use carbon monoxide as a fuel rather than being poisoned by it, and the availability of high-grade exhaust heat for combined heat and power, or combined cycle gas-turbine applications. Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode. In terms of mitigating global warming, the ability of the SOFC to use commonly available fuels at high efficiency, promises an effective and early reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, and hence is one of the lead new technologies for improving the environment. Here, we discuss recent developments of SOFC fuel electrodes that will enable the better use of readily available fuels. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ St Andrews, Sch Chem, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ICMB, FSB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Atkinson, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RI Irvine, John/F-1283-2011; Mogensen, Mogens/B-1852-2010; Mogensen, Mogens/J-6328-2013; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 OI Mogensen, Mogens/0000-0002-0902-0580; NR 49 TC 938 Z9 945 U1 70 U2 637 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1038/nmat1040 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 759PL UT WOS:000187746000010 PM 14704781 ER PT J AU Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Mukherjee, AK Gleiter, H AF Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Mukherjee, AK Gleiter, H TI Deformation-mechanism map for nanocrystalline metals by molecular-dynamics simulation SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; TENSILE SUPERPLASTICITY; ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; DUCTILITY; COPPER; CREEP; SIZE; AL AB Molecular-dynamics simulations have recently been used to elucidate the transition with decreasing grain size from a dislocation-based to a grain-boundary-based deformation mechanism in nanocrystalline f.c.c. metals. This transition in the deformation mechanism results in a maximum yield strength at a grain size (the 'strongest size') that depends strongly on the stacking-fault energy, the elastic properties of the metal, and the magnitude of the applied stress. Here, by exploring the role of the stacking-fault energy in this crossover, we elucidate how the size of the extended dislocations nucleated from the grain boundaries affects the mechanical behaviour. Building on the fundamental physics of deformation as exposed by these simulations, we propose a two-dimensional stress-grain size deformation-mechanism map for the mechanical behaviour of nanocrystalline f.c.c. metals at low temperature. The map captures this transition in both the deformation mechanism and the related mechanical behaviour with decreasing grain size, as well as its dependence on the stacking-fault energy, the elastic properties of the material, and the applied stress level. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wolf, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 40 TC 424 Z9 429 U1 17 U2 221 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1038/nmat1035 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 759PL UT WOS:000187746000014 PM 14704784 ER PT J AU Wall, ME Hlavacek, WS Savageau, MA AF Wall, ME Hlavacek, WS Savageau, MA TI Design of gene circuits: Lessons from bacteria SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; REGULATORY MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION KINETICS; ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS; REGULATION NETWORK; TOGGLE SWITCH; DEMAND THEORY; CYN OPERON AB Researchers are now building synthetic circuits for controlling gene expression and considering practical applications for engineered gene circuits. What can we learn from nature about design principles for gene circuits? A large body of experimental data is now available to test some important theoretical predictions about how gene circuits could be organized, but the data also raise some intriguing new questions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wall, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 94 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0056 J9 NAT REV GENET JI Nat. Rev. Genet. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1038/nrg1244 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 758LP UT WOS:000187641100014 PM 14708014 ER PT B AU Miley, HS AF Miley, HS CA Majorana Collaboration BE Suzuki, Y Nakahata, M Itow, Y Shiozawa, M Obayashi, Y TI The Majorana Experiment: A straightforward neutrino mass experiment using the double-beta decay of Ge-76 SO NEURINO OSCILLATIONS AND THEIR ORIGIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Neutrino Oscillations and Their Origin CY FEB 10-14, 2003 CL Kanazawa, JAPAN AB The Majorana Experiment proposes to measure the effective mass of the electron neutrino to as low as 0.02 eV using well-tested technology. A half-life of about 4E27 y, corresponding to a mass range of [0.02 - 0.07] eV can be reached by operating 500 kg of germanium enriched to 86% in Ge-76 deep underground. Radiological backgrounds of cosmogenic or primordial origin will be greatly reduced by ultra-low-background screening of detector, structural, and shielding materials, by chemical processing of materials, and by electronic rejection of multi-site events in the detector. Electronic background reduction is achieved with pulse-shape analysis, detector segmentation, and detector-to-detector coincidence rejection. Sensitivity calculations assuming worst-case germanium cosmogenic activation predict rapid growth in mass sensitivity (T1/2 at 90%CL) after the beginning of detector production: [0.080.28] eV at similar to1 year, [0.04-0.14] eV at similar to2.5 years, [0.03-0.10] eV at similar to5 years, and [0.02 - 0.07] eV at similar to10 years. The impact of primordial backgrounds in structural and electronic components is being studied at the 1 muBq/kg level, and appears to be controllable to below levels needed to attain these results. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM harry.miley@pnl.gov RI Obayashi, Yoshihisa/A-4472-2011 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-429-4 PY 2004 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1142/9789812703101_0037 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAT41 UT WOS:000223424500037 ER PT B AU Hall, C AF Hall, C BE Suzuki, Y Nakahata, M Itow, Y Shiozawa, M Obayashi, Y TI EXO: A next generation double beta decay experiment SO NEURINO OSCILLATIONS AND THEIR ORIGIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Neutrino Oscillations and Their Origin CY FEB 10-14, 2003 CL Kanazawa, JAPAN AB The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) is an experiment designed to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay Xe-136-->(136)Ba(++)e(-)e(-). To dramatically reduce radioactive backgrounds, the EXO collaboration proposes to tag the final state barium ion event-by-event through its unique atomic spectroscopy. We describe here the current status of the EXO RD effort. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hall, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Obayashi, Yoshihisa/A-4472-2011 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-429-4 PY 2004 BP 332 EP 337 DI 10.1142/9789812703101_0039 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAT41 UT WOS:000223424500039 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Ratnanather, JT Trouve, A Younes, L AF Holm, DD Ratnanather, JT Trouve, A Younes, L TI Soliton dynamics in computational anatomy SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathermatics in Brain Imaging CY JUL 12-23, 2004 CL Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Pure & Appl Math, Los Angeles, CA HO Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Pure & Appl Math DE computational anatomy; EPDiff; diffeomorphisms ID LARGE-DEFORMATION DIFFEOMORPHISMS; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; EQUATIONS; ABNORMALITIES; DEPRESSION; DERIVATION; DEMENTIA; BEHAVIOR AB Computational anatomy (CA) has introduced the idea of anatomical structures being transformed by geodesic deformations on groups of diffeomorphisms. Among these geometric structures, landmarks and image outlines in CA are shown to be singular solutions of a partial differential equation that is called the geodesic EPDiff equation. A recently discovered momentum map for singular solutions of EPDiff yields their canonical Hamiltonian formulation, which in turn provides a complete parameterization of the landmarks by their canonical positions and momenta. The momentum map provides an isomorphism between landmarks (and outlines) for images and singular soliton solutions of the EPDiff equation. This isomorphism suggests a new dynamical paradigm for CA, as well as new data representation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Imaging Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Ecole Normale Super, CMLA, CNRS, UMR8536, Cachan, France. Univ Paris, LAGA, CNRS, UMR 7539, Villetaneuse, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Imaging Sci, Clark 301,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov; tilak@cis.jhu.edu; trouve@cmla.ens-cachan.fr; younes@cis.jhu.edu RI Younes, E. Laurent/A-3349-2010; Ratnanather, J. Tilak/A-3362-2010; OI Ratnanather, J. Tilak/0000-0002-8631-489X; Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR15241-01A1]; NIA NIH HHS [P01-AG03991-16]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH 62130, MH064838, MH60883, MH62130-01A1, MH62626] NR 62 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 EI 1095-9572 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PY 2004 VL 23 SU 1 BP S170 EP S178 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.017 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 874UA UT WOS:000225374100016 PM 15501086 ER PT J AU Gerdes, JM O'Neil, JP Bolstad, DB Kusche, BR Taylor, SE Weller, M Van Brocklin, HF AF Gerdes, JM O'Neil, JP Bolstad, DB Kusche, BR Taylor, SE Weller, M Van Brocklin, HF TI New serotonin transporter radioligands: (+/-)-[F-18]2 '-methoxyfluoropropyl-6-nitroquipazine SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping of the Living Brain CY JUL 15-17, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Concorde Microsyst Inc, CPS Innovat, Imanet C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Ctr Struct & Funct Neurosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PY 2004 VL 22 SU 2 BP T147 EP T147 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 845MC UT WOS:000223245800086 ER PT J AU Eberling, JL Wu, C Tong-Turnbeaugh, R Jagust, WJ AF Eberling, JL Wu, C Tong-Turnbeaugh, R Jagust, WJ TI Estrogen- and tamoxifen-associated effects on brain structure and function SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE estrogen; tamoxifen; hippocampal atrophy ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY; E EPSILON-4 ALLELE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM AB We evaluated the effects of estrogen and tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on positron emission tomography (PET) measures of brain glucose metabolism and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of hippocampal atrophy. Three groups of postmenopausal women were studied, women taking estrogen (ERT+), women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen (TAM), and women not taking estrogen or tamoxifen (ERT-). All subjects received a PET scan, an MRI scan, and cognitive testing. The TAM group showed widespread areas of hypometabolism in the inferior and dorsal lateral frontal lobes relative to the other two groups. The ERT- group showed lower metabolism in the inferior frontal cortex and temporal cortex with respect to the ERT+ group. The TAM group also showed significantly lower semantic memory scores than the other two groups. Finally, the TAM group had smaller right hippocampal volumes than the ERT+ group, an effect that was of borderline significance. Both right and left hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller than the ERT+ group when a single outlier was removed. The ERT- group had hippocampal volumes that were intermediate to the other two groups. These findings provide physiological and anatomical evidence for neuroprotective effects of estrogen. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eberling, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jleberling@lbl.gov NR 75 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JAN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.037 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 768XY UT WOS:000188597500038 PM 14741674 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ AF Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ TI The addicted human brain viewed in the light of imaging studies: brain circuits and treatment strategies SO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE striatum; dopamine; reward; motivation; predisposition; salience; nucleus accumbens (NAc); orbitofrontal cortex (OFC); cingulate gyrus ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; PRIMATE ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; DRUG-ADDICTION; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; FRONTAL-CORTEX; DOPAMINE-D-2 RECEPTORS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; MEMORY-CIRCUITS AB Imaging studies have provided evidence of how the human brain changes as an individual becomes addicted. Here, we integrate the findings from imaging studies to propose a model of drug addiction. The process of addiction is initiated in part by the fast and high increases in DA induced by drugs of abuse. We hypothesize that this supraphysiological effect of drugs trigger a series of adaptations in neuronal circuits involved in saliency/reward, motivation/drive, memory/conditioning, and control/disinhibition, resulting in an enhanced (and long lasting) saliency value for the drug and its associated cues at the expense of decreased sensitivity for salient events of everyday life (including natural reinforcers). Although acute drug intake increases DA neurotransmission, chronic drug consumption results in a marked decrease in DA activity, associated with, among others, dysregulation of the orbitofrontal cortex (region involved with salience attribution) and cingulate gyrus (region involved with inhibitory control). The ensuing increase in motivational drive for the drug, strengthened by conditioned responses and the decrease in inhibitory control favors emergence of compulsive drug taking. This view of how drugs of abuse affect the brain suggests strategies for intervention, which might include: (a) those that will decrease the reward value of the drug of choice; (b) interventions to increase the saliency value of non-drug reinforcers; (c) approaches to weaken conditioned drug behaviors; and (d) methods to strengthen frontal inhibitory and executive control. Though this model focuses mostly on findings from PET studies of the brain DA system it is evident that other neurotransmitters are involved and that a better understanding of their roles in addiction would expand the options for therapeutic targets. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), NIDA, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 5274,MSC 9581, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov NR 87 TC 287 Z9 309 U1 6 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3908 J9 NEUROPHARMACOLOGY JI Neuropharmacology PY 2004 VL 47 SU S BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.019 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 866TV UT WOS:000224797200002 PM 15464121 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RZ Leskovjan, AC Hoff, AL Hitzemann, R Bashan, F Khalsa, SS Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Volkow, ND AF Goldstein, RZ Leskovjan, AC Hoff, AL Hitzemann, R Bashan, F Khalsa, SS Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Volkow, ND TI Severity of neuropsychological impairment in cocaine and alcohol addiction: association with metabolism in the prefrontal cortex SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE drug abuse; functional neuroimaging; PET FDG; cognitive functioning ID ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; CRACK-COCAINE; CEREBRAL PERFUSION; DRUG-ADDICTION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; ABUSERS; MEMORY; BRAIN; FMRI; PET AB We used exploratory and confirmatory statistical approaches to study the severity of neuropsychological (NP) impairment in 42 crack/cocaine addicted subjects and in 112 comparison subjects (40 alcoholics and 72 controls). Twenty neuropsychological test indices most reliably defining predetermined cognitive domains were submitted to exploratory factor analysis. A four-dimensional model of neurocognitive function was derived: Verbal Knowledge, Visual Memory, Verbal Memory, and Attention/Executive functioning accounted for 63% of the variance. We then examined this model's association with resting glucose metabolism in the brain reward circuit measured with 2-deoxy-2[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Results revealed that (1) cocaine addicted individuals had a generalized mild level of neurocognitive impairment (< 1 S.D. below control mean); and (2) controlling for age and education, relative metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex significantly predicted the Visual Memory and Verbal Memory factors and relative metabolism in the anterior cingulate gyrus significantly predicted the Attention/Executive factor. Nevertheless, it remains to be determined whether metabolic changes in these regions are associated with addiction. Our results also suggest that compared to cocaine, alcohol has a more detrimental effect on Attention/Executive functioning, as assessed with traditional NP measures. We conclude that relative to other psychopathological disorders (such as schizophrenia), the severity of neuropsychological impairment in cocaine addiction is modest, albeit not indicative of the absence of neurocognitive dysfunction. The impact of such small differences in performance on quality of life, and possibly on craving and relapse, may be substantial. Tasks that simulate real-life decision-making or that target specific putative cognitive-behavioral or motivational-emotional mechanisms might offer greater sensitivity in characterizing the changes that accompany addiction to drugs. Obtaining valid estimates of alcohol use in cocaine addicted subjects is essential in characterizing neurocognitive functioning in individuals addicted to drugs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Napa State Hosp, Davis Napa Psychiat Res Ctr, Napa, CA 94558 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Behav Neurosci, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Wright Inst, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Iowa, Roy J & Lucille A Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. RP Goldstein, RZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rgoldstein@bnl.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA/ODO9481-04, R01 AA009481-06]; NIDA NIH HHS [1K23 DA15517-01, DA06891-06, K23 DA015517-01, K23 DA015517-02, K23 DA015517-03, R01 DA006891-10] NR 43 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 7 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1447 EP 1458 DI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.002 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 841SJ UT WOS:000222951400002 PM 15246283 ER PT S AU Louis, WC AF Louis, WC BE Para, A TI Near future accelerator-based experiments SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE-I; OSCILLATION AB This report covers accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments that will be conducted in the near future: the MiniBooNE short-baseline experiment at FNAL, the MINOS longbaseline experiment at FNAL/SOUDAN, and the OPERA and ICARUS long-baseline experiments at CERN/Gran Sasso, The results from these experiments will help provide answers to fundamental questions in neutrino physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louis, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 20 EP 28 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300003 ER PT S AU Zisman, MS AF Zisman, MS CA Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Col BE Para, A TI Neutrino factory R&D in the US SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB We report here on the technical progress and R&D plans of the U.S. Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration. Programs in targetry, cooling, acceleration, and simulations are covered. U.S. activities in support of the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) are also described. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zisman, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 60 EP 67 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300007 ER PT S AU Fernow, RC AF Fernow, RC BE Para, A TI Overview of neutrino factory simulations SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB We give a brief overview of recent simulation activities on the design of neutrino factories. Simulation work is ongoing on many aspects of a potential facility, including proton drivers, pion collection and decay channels, phase rotation, ionization cooling, and muon accelerators. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fernow, RC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 90 EP 96 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300011 ER PT S AU Bross, AD AF Bross, AD BE Para, A TI MuCool results and plans SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab ID MUON STORAGE-RINGS AB Recent results from the MuCool Collaboration's R&D program are described along with plans for the coming year. The MuCool collaboration consists of physicists and engineers from 18 institutions in the US, Europe, and Japan. Its mission is to design, prototype, and test all components of a muon ionization cooling channel with a goal to have the technique operationally established by the end of the decade. A detailed engineering design and well-formulated cost of the channel would then be available as input for a construction decision for a Neutrino Factory. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bross, AD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300012 ER PT S AU Kahn, S AF Kahn, S BE Para, A TI BNL very long baseline experiment with a super neutrino beam SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB An upgrade to the BNL AGS could produce a very intense proton source at a relatively low cost. This proton source could produce a conventional neutrino beam with a very significant flux at large distances from the laboratory. In this paper we examine the possibility of using this neutrino beam for a very long baseline oscillation experiment where a 500 kiloton water Cherenkov detector is situated at the Homestake mine in South Dakota. We study the physics potential of a high intensity neutrino oscillation experiment with a 2540 km baseline and a peak neutrino energy of similar to1 GeV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kahn, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 239 EP 242 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300036 ER PT S AU Abazajian, K AF Abazajian, K BE Para, A TI The cosmological energy density of neutrinos from oscillation measurements SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab ID FLAVOR OSCILLATIONS; GASES; UNIVERSE AB The emerging structure of the neutrino mass matrix, when combined with the primordial element abundances, places the most stringent constraint on the flavor asymmetries in the cosmological neutrino background and therefore its energy density. I review the mechanism of synchronized neutrino oscillations in the an early universe with degenerate (asymmetric) neutrino and antineutrino densities and the implications of refined measurements of neutrino parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Abazajian, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300040 ER PT S AU Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT AF Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT BE Para, A TI An overview of neutrino masses and mixing in SO(10) models SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab ID FERMION MASSES AB We review in this talk various SUSY SO(10) models. Specifically, we discuss how small neutrino masses are generated in and generic predictions of different SO(10) models. A comparison of the predictions of these models for sin(2) theta(13) is given. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, HET Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, MC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, HET Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300043 ER PT S AU Morse, W AF Morse, W BE Para, A TI Sensitive measurement of the EDM of the muon? SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB A new sensitive method of measuring the EDM of particles with small magnetic anomalies a = (g-2)/2 is described. This is the written version of a talk given at the NuFact Conference, June 2003, Columbia University, N.Y. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Morse, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300046 ER PT S AU Reimer, PE AF Reimer, PE BE Para, A TI DIS-parity: Measuring sin(2) (theta(W))with parity violating deep inelastic scattering SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab ID NUCLEON SCATTERING AB Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) parity violation, arising from the interference between the electromagnetic and weak neutral currents, offers a unique opportunity to study the Electro-weak Standard Model. In the Standard Model, this parity violation measures sin(2) (thetaw). An experiment is presented to measure the DIS parity violating asymmetry on a deuterium target at a Q(2) near that of the NuTeV measurement (which shows a three standard deviation discrepancy with the Standard Model). The experiment's sensitivity to the Standard Model couplings C-1q and C-2q is also discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reimer, PE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300067 ER PT S AU Fleming, BT AF Fleming, BT BE Para, A TI Working group 2: Neutrino scattering physics SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB Recent results in neutrino oscillation physics coupled with new intense neutrino sources and precision detection techniques have rekindled interest in conventional neutrino scattering physics. Measurements using neutrinos as probes of nucleon structure and as searches for new physics, as well as neutrino cross section measurements, can be performed with increased precision and sensitivity. Puzzling results, such as the NuTeV anomaly continue to be explored. Finally, new high precision detection techniques to address these new measurements and other open questions are being studied. Talks on these subjects presented in WG2 at the NuFACT03 workshop are summarized here. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fleming, BT (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300069 ER PT S AU Kahn, S Fernow, R Balbekov, V Raja, R Usubov, Z AF Kahn, S Fernow, R Balbekov, V Raja, R Usubov, Z BE Para, A TI Tetra muon cooling ring SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB Recent simulations have shown that muon cooling rings can effectively reduce both longitudinal and transverse emittance. The muon collaboration is investigating several varieties of muon cooling rings. This study looks at the first of these ring cooling scenarios that was proposed by V. Balbekov. This simulation of this ring shows significant cooling in the hardedge field approximation. We discuss the status of using realistic fields in the tetra simulation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kahn, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 387 EP 390 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300070 ER PT S AU Berg, JS Fernow, RC Gallardo, JC Palmer, RB AF Berg, JS Fernow, RC Gallardo, JC Palmer, RB BE Para, A TI RFOFO cooling ring: Simulation results SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB Practical cooling rings could lead to lower cost or improved performance in neutrino factory or muon collider designs. The ring modeled here uses realistic 3-dimensional fields and includes such "real-world" effects as windows on the absorbers and RF cavities and leaving empty lattice cells for injection and extraction. The ring increases the density of moons in a fixed acceptance volume by a factor of 4.2. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Berg, Joseph/E-8371-2014 OI Berg, Joseph/0000-0002-5955-6973 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 391 EP 394 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300071 ER PT S AU Neuffer, D AF Neuffer, D BE Para, A TI "High frequency" buncher and phase rotation SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB A scenario for capture, bunching and phase-energy rotation of g's from a proton source is explored. It requires a drift section, a bunching section and a phi-deltaE rotation section. The rf frequency changes along the transport in order to form the g's into a train of equal-energy bunches suitable for cooling and acceleration. Optimization and variations are discussed. The concept can operate in a wide range of rf frequencies and bunch train lengths. It also can simultaneously capture positive and negative moons. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Neuffer, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300075 ER PT S AU Balbekov, V AF Balbekov, V BE Para, A TI Bunch production for a muon collider SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB Production of a short high-intensity bunch for a mu(+)mu(-)-collider is considered. The system designed and simulated includes: 24 GeV proton driver; jet mercury target; 30 m phase rotation channel; bunch compressor based on a ring cooler with an intensive emittance exchange; RFOFO ring cooler for 6D cooling; linear Li lens channel for final transverse cooling. The cooled muon bunch contains about 0.046 muons per incident proton at transverse and longitudinal emittance 0.48 mm and 12 turn. Total merit factor of the system is of order 104. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Balbekov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 428 EP 431 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300079 ER PT S AU Bogacz, SA AF Bogacz, SA BE Para, A TI Optimized beam optics for muon acceleration SO NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND SUPERBEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 03) CY JUN 05-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB A conceptual design of a Ring Cooler driven muon acceleration based on recirculating superconducting linacs is proposed. In the presented scenario, acceleration starts after ionization cooling at 250 MeV/c and proceeds to 20 GeV, where the beam is injected into a neutrino factory storage ring. The key technical issues are addressed; such as: the choice of acceleration technology (superconducting versus normal conducting) and the choice of RF frequency, and finally, implementation of the overall acceleration scheme: capture, acceleration, transport and preservation of large phase space of fast decaying species. Beam transport issues for large-momentum-spread beams are accommodated by appropriate lattice design choices. The proposed arc optics is further optimized with a sextupole correction to suppress chromatic effects contributing to emittance dilution. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bogacz, SA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0201-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 721 BP 449 EP 454 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBC12 UT WOS:000224699300084 ER PT S AU Wang, LF Wheeler, JC AF Wang, LF Wheeler, JC BE Allen, RE Nanopoulos, DV Pope, CN TI Asymmetric supernovae: New physics and cosmological implications SO NEW COSMOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mitchell Symposium on Observational Cosmology CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Texas A& M Univ, Coll Stn, TX HO Texas A& M Univ ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; IA SUPERNOVA; EXPLOSIVE NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CORE-COLLAPSE; CASSIOPEIA-A; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; ASPHERICITY; EJECTA; POLARIZATION; STARS AB The tool of spectropolarimetry applied to supernovae has shown that core collapse supernovae are strongly asymmetric and that Type Ia supernovae are less so, but still systematically asymmetric. These studies will lead to new insight into the explosion mechanisms of both core collapse and thermonuclear super-novae. The latter may give long sought clues to the binary nature of Type Ia and new insight into the origin of the observed scatter in the properties of Type Ia that may help to make them even more precise tools of cosmology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0227-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 743 BP 77 EP 87 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBO72 UT WOS:000226751300008 ER PT S AU Jorgensen, AM Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, T Hindsley, R Pauls, T Gilbreath, C Restaino, S AF Jorgensen, AM Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, T Hindsley, R Pauls, T Gilbreath, C Restaino, S BE Traub, WA TI Fringe fitting for coherent integrations with the NPOI SO NEW FRONTIERS IN STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; coherent integration; NPOI; baseline phases; diameter measurements ID PALOMAR TESTBED INTERFEROMETER; VISIBILITY AB We have developed a method for performing long coherent integrations with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI), which is based on fitting a model fringe pattern to the NPOI data frames. The procedure is quite computationally intensive, but gives a better estimation of the phase than the conventional method of location the peak of the group delay power. We mention briefly some of the most important past work on coherent integration, and then describe our method. We conclude that the fitting approach produces a phase with fewer outliers than the Fourier-transform group delay approach. We show how the instrumental squared visibility varies as a function of the fringe model used, and show that it provides a better SNR than the FT method. The phase determination will always be imperfect, and thus cause a reduction in the visibility amplitude relative to the true instrumental visibility. We illustrate a method for calibrating the visibility amplitude. With long coherent integrations the phase of the visibility can be extracted. We show examples of visibility phases and how to correct them for phase variations in the instrument. Finally, we illustrate a method for measuring stellar diameters very precisely, to one part in at least several hundred. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Jorgensen, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5423-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5491 BP 1474 EP 1485 DI 10.1117/12.552279 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBG18 UT WOS:000225390000156 ER PT J AU Arzberger, PW Farazdel, A Konagaya, A Ang, L Shimojo, S Stevens, RL AF Arzberger, PW Farazdel, A Konagaya, A Ang, L Shimojo, S Stevens, RL TI Life sciences and cyberinfrastructure: Dual and interacting revolutions that will drive future science SO NEW GENERATION COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material DE life sciences; grid; cyberinfrastructure; international collaborations AB Over the past quarter century, two revolutions, one in biomedicine, the other in computing and information technology leading to cyber-infrastructure, have made the largest advances and the most significant impacts on science, technology, and society. The interface between these areas is rich with opportunity for major advances. The Life Sciences Grid Research Group (LSG-RG) of the Global Grid Forum recognized the opportunities and needs to bring the communities together to ensure the cyberinfrastructure will be constructed for the benefit of science. This article gives an overview of the area, the activities of the LSG-RG, and the minisymposium organized by LSG-RG, and introduces the papers in this Special Issue of New Generation Computing. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. IBM Life Sci, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. Bioinformat Inst, Singapore 119612, Singapore. Osaka Univ, Cybermedia Ctr & Biogrid, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arzberger, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mc0043, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM parzberg@ucsd.edu; farazdel@us.ibm.com; konagaya@gsc.riken.go.jp; shimojo@cmc.osaka-u.ac.jp; stevens@mcs.anl.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0288-3635 J9 NEW GENERAT COMPUT JI New Gener. Comput. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 97 EP 110 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 804SZ UT WOS:000220319700001 ER PT J AU Lente, G Espenson, JH AF Lente, G Espenson, JH TI A kinetic study of the early steps in the oxidation of chlorophenols by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by a water-soluble iron(III) porphyrin SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED PHENOLS; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; PARA-BENZOQUINONE; H2O2 OXIDATION; 2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL; LIGNINASE; 4-CHLOROPHENOL; DECHLORINATION; DECOMPOSITION AB The kinetics and mechanism of the initial steps in the oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by hydrogen peroxide using iron(III) meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphine chloride as a catalyst were studied in this work. The first oxidation step is the formation of a substituted 1,4-benzoquinone. This step was also studied using a selection of differently substituted chlorophenols. It was shown that the rate constants characteristic for the oxidation of the substrate do not follow the pattern of pK(a)s, but correlate well with the C-13 chemical shifts of the carbon atoms directly bonded to the oxygen in chlorophenols. The kinetics of the catalyzed and uncatalyzed oxidation of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone by hydrogen peroxide was also studied. The catalyzed and uncatalyzed pathways give different products. C1 Univ debrecen, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lente, G (reprint author), Univ debrecen, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. EM lenteg@delfin.klte.hu; espenson@ameslab.gov RI Lente, Gabor/H-3645-2011 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2004 VL 28 IS 7 BP 847 EP 852 DI 10.1039/b400482e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 838CY UT WOS:000222692100013 ER PT J AU Den Auwer, C Guillaumont, D Guilbaud, P Conradson, SD Rehr, JJ Ankudinov, A Simoni, E AF Den Auwer, C Guillaumont, D Guilbaud, P Conradson, SD Rehr, JJ Ankudinov, A Simoni, E TI Theoretical chemical contribution to the simulation of the L-III X-ray absorption edges of uranyl, neptunyl and osmyl hydrates and hydroxides SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CARBONATE COMPLEXATION; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MD-SIMULATIONS; ION; SPECTRA AB XANES spectroscopy has long been used as a structural and electronic probe of a selected element. Phenomenological application of this technique to actinide cations has proved fruitful to characterize the actinide environment in both solid state and solution compounds. Although powerful XANES simulation codes have been developed, the use of such simulations in order to describe the valence orbitals of the actinide cation is still scarce. The very short life time of the core hole at the L-III edge as well as the low symmetry and large size of the coordination polyhedron are difficulties to be overcome in the analysis of the edge spectra. In this work, three simple molecules have been selected for their similar geometry that is typical of the trans dioxo actinyl compounds: [UO2(H2O)(5)](2+), [NpO2(H2O)(5)](2+), [NpO2(OH)(4)](2+). Additional comparison with a transition metal, the osmyl cation [OsO2(OH)(4)](2+), is also made. The cation L-III edges have been recorded and compared to edge calculations using FEFF8.2 code. This article is structured in two parts. In the first one, elaboration and optimization of a valid structural model cluster is carried out using molecular dynamics calculations. The influence of the water solvent molecules as well as the hydrogen atoms of the cations' first coordination sphere are discussed. In the second part, Amsterdam quantum chemical calculations have been carried out on the four clusters and molecular energy levels are qualitatively compared to the data obtained from calculated XANES spectra. C1 CEA Marcoule, DEN, DRCP, SCPS, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Inst Phys Nucl Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Den Auwer, C (reprint author), CEA Marcoule, DEN, DRCP, SCPS, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. RI Guilbaud, Philippe/J-6455-2015; Guillaumont, Dominique/H-2508-2015 OI Guilbaud, Philippe/0000-0001-9777-8326; Guillaumont, Dominique/0000-0002-9329-5623 NR 71 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2004 VL 28 IS 8 BP 929 EP 939 DI 10.1039/b401607f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 845FE UT WOS:000223221800006 ER PT B AU Yoshida, R AF Yoshida, R BE Grindhammer, G Knienhl, BA Kramer, G Ochs, W TI Prospects and status of Zeus at Hera II SO NEW TRENDS IN HERA PHYSICS 2003, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ringberg Workshop on New Trends in Hera Physics CY 2003 CL Bavaria, GERMANY ID CURRENT CROSS-SECTIONS; MISSING TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HIGH-ENERGY LEPTON; PROTON COLLISIONS; LOW-X; SCATTERING; EVENTS; SEARCH AB Selected physics topics of the HERA II program are briefly reviewed. An outlook for data taking as of October 2003 and estimated luminosity requirements for some physics topics are given. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yoshida, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-835-4 PY 2004 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1142/9789812702722_0031 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAU99 UT WOS:000223658900031 ER PT S AU Blustin, AJ Branduardi-Raymont, G Crawford, ML Breeveld, AA Kaastra, JS Kahn, SM AF Blustin, AJ Branduardi-Raymont, G Crawford, ML Breeveld, AA Kaastra, JS Kahn, SM BE Done, C Garcia, M Pian, E Masetti, N Piro, L TI Ultraviolet images of galaxies from the Optical Monitor on XMM-Newton SO NEW X-RAY RESULTS, THE NEXT GENERATION OF X-RAY OBSERVATORIES AND GAMMA RAY BURST AFTERGLOW PHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE ultraviolet : galaxies; galaxies : individual :; NGC 1068, NGC 4593, NGC 4636, NGC 7314, NGC 7469; galaxies : active; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : Seyfert ID REFLECTION GRATING SPECTROMETER AB A large number of galaxies, both normal and active, have been observed in ultraviolet light by the Optical Monitor on XMM-Newton. These are some of the deepest wide-field ultraviolet images of these galaxies yet obtained, and in many cases the first collected in this waveband. We present images of five active galaxies, and discuss the potential uses of the ultraviolet surface brightness distribution and morphology, in association with X-ray data, for Active Galactic Nuclei, star formation and galaxy evolution studies. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Oxford Oriel Coll, Oxford OX1 4EW, England. SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. SLAC, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blustin, AJ (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM ajb@mssl.ucl.ac.uk NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2540 EP 2543 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.02.079 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBN87 UT WOS:000226379800013 ER PT S AU Blustin, AJ Branduardi-Raymont, G Behar, E Kaastra, JS Page, MJ Kahn, SM Sako, M Steenbrugge, KC AF Blustin, AJ Branduardi-Raymont, G Behar, E Kaastra, JS Page, MJ Kahn, SM Sako, M Steenbrugge, KC BE Done, C Garcia, M Pian, E Masetti, N Piro, L TI High resolution spectroscopy of Seyfert warm absorbers with XMM-Newton SO NEW X-RAY RESULTS, THE NEXT GENERATION OF X-RAY OBSERVATORIES AND GAMMA RAY BURST AFTERGLOW PHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE techniques : spectroscopic; galaxies : individual : NGC 7469; galaxies : active; galaxies : Seyfert; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY SOURCES; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; NGC-3783; LINES; GAS AB We present results from the analysis of an XMM-Newton observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469, the first high resolution X-ray spectrum of this source. The Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectrum has several narrow absorption and emission lines of O, N, C and Ne, originating from gas at a range of ionisation parameters. from log xisimilar to1.6 to log xisimilar to-2 (where xi has the units erg cm s(-1)). We demonstrate that the ionisation state of the warm emitter is consistent with that of the high-ionisation phase of the warm absorber, and compare the warm absorber in this object with those in other sources. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. SLAC, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blustin, AJ (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM ajb@mssl.uct.ac.uk NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2561 EP 2565 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.02.083 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBN87 UT WOS:000226379800017 ER PT S AU Pikin, A Alessi, JG Beebe, EN Kponou, A Prelec, K Ritter, J Snydstrup, L AF Pikin, A Alessi, JG Beebe, EN Kponou, A Prelec, K Ritter, J Snydstrup, L BE Nakamura, N Ohtani, S TI Analysis of a possible 20A electron gun and collector design for the RHIC EBIS SO Ninth International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Traps and Their Applications SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Traps and Their Applications CY APR 15-17, 2004 CL Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN SP EBIS/T, Univ Elect Commun, Innovat Coherent Opt Sci, 21st Century COE Program, CREST, Program Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Creat Ultrafast Ulralow Power Super Performance Nanodevices & Syst, Inoue Fdn Sci, Asahi Glass Fdn HO Tokyo Metropolitan Univ AB Successful operation of the BNL EBIS with electron current up to 10 A provides optimism that EBIS operation with even higher electron current should be possible. We are now considering key aspects of the design for an EBIS operating with electron current 20 A. Several technical problems need to be resolved, including generation of a 20 A electron beam and dissipation of this electron beam power on the electron collector. Since we already have a tested concept of electron beam generation with the gun immersed in a magnetic field and subsequent purely magnetic compression of the electron beam, it makes sense to develop the new electron gun with immersed cathode but with higher perveance. To distribute the electron beam power on the surface of the electron collector more evenly, the emission current density from the cathode can be made bell-shaped with minimum close to zero on the periphery of the electron beam. With the already high requirements to the emission current density, and since such shaping of the electron beam makes these requirements even higher, perhaps the only available cathode material that can satisfy these requirements is IrCe. The problems of power dissipation on the electron collector (EC) include heat removal with cooling water and fatigue of the EC material. The first step in the EC design was electron beam transmission simulation with the goal to reduce "spikes" of power density on EC surface as much as possible. With the geometry of EC thus defined, the conditions of heat exchange for several modes of EBIS operation have been analyzed and cooling parameters, which provide adequate heat removal were found. The last step was stress analysis of several EC materials with ANSYS to find the material suitable for this application. Details of the 20 A electron gun and collector are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pikin, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 VL 2 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/2/1/004 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCE11 UT WOS:000228815500004 ER PT S AU Beebe, EN Alessi, JG Graham, D Kponou, A Pikin, A Prelec, K Ritter, J Zajic, V AF Beebe, EN Alessi, JG Graham, D Kponou, A Pikin, A Prelec, K Ritter, J Zajic, V BE Nakamura, N Ohtani, S TI TEST EBIS operation and component development for the RHIC EBIS SO Ninth International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Traps and Their Applications SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Traps and Their Applications CY APR 15-17, 2004 CL Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN SP EBIS/T, Univ Elect Commun, Innovat Coherent Opt Sci, 21st Century COE Program, CREST, Program Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Creat Ultrafast Ulralow Power Super Performance Nanodevices & Syst, Inoue Fdn Sci, Asahi Glass Fdn HO Tokyo Metropolitan Univ AB Most design goals of the BNL Test EBIS Project have been exceeded and we are confident that an EBIS meeting RHIC requirements can be built. Achieved parameters include 10A electron beam current, ion charge state above Au32+, and greater than 55nC total extracted ion charge. The Test EBIS utilizes the full electron beam power but has only half the trap length and operates at a reduced duty factor compared with an EBIS for RHIC, which would produce at least 85nC total ion charge in 10-40 microsecond pulses, containing similar to 3 x 10(9) particles/pulse of Au32+ ions. Normalized rms emittance values for 1-3mA extracted ion beams have been in the range of 0.08-0.1 pi min mrad. Present development of the source is focused on establishing operational reliability and facilitating future upgrades in ion intensity and species, since the major emphasis is now on integrating the EBIS into a pre-injector facility, including an RFQ and linac. Recent progress towards this goal includes the following: 1) An IrCe electron gun cathode and modified anode have been installed in an electron gun chamber separable from the source ionization region by a gate valve. A very low loss 10A, electron beam has been propagated with the new configuration, with 100kW peak power dissipation at the electron collector. 2) A new electron collector power supply configuration has been tested which can lower the cost compared to our present setup, while improving the stability of the electron beam launch. This is an important first step towards placing the EBIS on a nominal 50kV platform, necessary for efficient highly charged ion transport to the RFQ. 3) A hollow cathode ion source obtained from CEA Saclay, [1] has been tested and is being installed. This will allow us to provide a variety of ion species to the RHIC and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory facilities, and is valuable at the present project stage for beamline development and emittance studies of heavy and light ion beams of highly charged ions from the EBIS. 4) An electron collector for RHIC has been designed which would allow operation exceeding 10A electron beams at 100% duty factor. The RHIC collector design could allow upgrades to 300kW electron beam power.[2] 5) Controls for pulse to pulse switching and diagnostics for charge state and charge fraction verification have been developed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Beebe, EN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 VL 2 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/2/1/020 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCE11 UT WOS:000228815500020 ER PT S AU Kponou, A Pikin, A Beebe, E Alessi, J Lijeby, L AF Kponou, A Pikin, A Beebe, E Alessi, J Lijeby, L BE Nakamura, N Ohtani, S TI Determining the acceptance of the brookhaven EBIS test stand for primary ions by computer simulation SO Ninth International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Traps and Their Applications SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Traps and Their Applications CY APR 15-17, 2004 CL Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN SP EBIS/T, Univ Elect Commun, Innovat Coherent Opt Sci, 21st Century COE Program, CREST, Program Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Creat Ultrafast Ulralow Power Super Performance Nanodevices & Syst, Inoue Fdn Sci, Asahi Glass Fdn HO Tokyo Metropolitan Univ AB We report on computer studies to determine the acceptance of the Electron Beam Ion Source Test Stand (EBTS) at BNL. Knowledge of the acceptance is a useful guide in selecting a source of primary ions, and in designing a transfer line which best matches the primary ion beam to the acceptance of the EBTS. In this work, an ion beam with suitable parameters is tracked out of the EBIS, to a plane where knowledge of the acceptance is wanted. The emittance of the extracted beam in this plane gives a starting point for determining a more reliable value of acceptance. The result will be compared with a theoretical estimate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kponou, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 VL 2 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/2/1/021 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCE11 UT WOS:000228815500021 ER PT B AU Rosing, M Nieplocha, J Yabusaki, S AF Rosing, M Nieplocha, J Yabusaki, S BE Rasmussen, CE TI Toward efficient compilation of user-defined extensible Fortran directives SO NINTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HIGH-LEVEL PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODELS AND SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on High-Level Parallel Programming Models and Supportive Environments CY APR 26, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP US DOE, SciDAC, IPDPS AB This paper describes an approach for automatically generating optimized parallel code from serial Fortran programs annotated with high level directives. A preprocessor analyzes both the program and the directives and generates efficient parallel Fortran code that runs on a number of parallel architectures, such as clusters or SMPs. The unique aspect of this approach is that the directives and optimizations can be customized and extended by the expert programmers who would be using them in their applications. This approach enables the creation of parallel extensions to Fortran that are specific to individual applications or science domains. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Rosing, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2151-7 PY 2004 BP 61 EP 69 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAD23 UT WOS:000221642300007 ER PT B AU Allan, BA Lefantzi, S Ray, J AF Allan, BA Lefantzi, S Ray, J BE Rasmussen, CE TI ODEPACK++: Refactoring the LSODE Fortran library for use in the CCA high performance component software architecture SO NINTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HIGH-LEVEL PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODELS AND SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on High-Level Parallel Programming Models and Supportive Environments CY APR 26, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP US DOE, SciDAC, IPDPS DE parallel programming; interface design; software decomposition; common component architecture; differential equations; FORTRAN; C plus; object oriented AB We present a case study of the alternatives and design trade-offs encountered when adapting an established numerical library into a form compatible with modern component-software implementation practices. Our study will help scientific software users, authors, and maintainers develop their own roadmaps for shifting to component-oriented software. The primary library studied, LSODE, and the issues involved in the adaptation are typical of many commonly used numerical libraries. We examine the adaptation of a related library, CVODE, and compare the impact on applications of the two different designs. The LSODE-derived components solve models composed with CCA components developed independently at the Argonne and Oak Ridge National Laboratories. The resulting applications run in the Ccaffeine framework implementation of the Commmon Component Architecture specification. We provide CCA-style interface specifications appropriate to linear equations, ordinary differential equations (ODE), and differential algebraic equations (DAE) solvers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allan, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2151-7 PY 2004 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1109/HIPS.2004.1299196 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAD23 UT WOS:000221642300012 ER PT S AU Nussinov, Z Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV Crommie, MF Manassen, Y AF Nussinov, Z Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV Crommie, MF Manassen, Y BE Smulko, JM Blanter, Y Dykman, M Kish, LB TI Single spin detection and noise spectroscopy SO NOISE AND INFORMATION IN NANOELECTRONICS, SENSORS, AND STANDARDS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise and Information in Nanoelectronics, Sensors and Standards II CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Maspalomas, SPAIN SP SPIE DE spin precessing; current modulation and fluctuations ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PRECESSING SPIN; RESONANCE; SILICON AB We discuss non-trivial effects which emerge when a single spin is embedded in various (normal and Josephson) junctions and discuss a new experimental technique to probe single spin dynamics. We show that current may be influenced by the presence of a single spin and the converse. New spin nutations in a Josephson junction are predicted. We discuss a new general exerimental technique to probe single spin dynamics via noise spectroscopy- by carefully monitoring the current noise, important information can be extracted regarding a single spin motion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Nussinov, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5394-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5472 BP 116 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.550788 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAQ92 UT WOS:000223225600015 ER PT S AU Lind, MA Wright, BW AF Lind, MA Wright, BW BE Doctor, SR BarCohen, Y Aktan, EM Wu, HF TI SMART sensors for homeland security applications SO NONDESTRUCTIVE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT FOR HOMELAND SECURITY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security II CY MAR 16-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE smart materials; chemical detection; bio detection; nano materials; hierarchically constructed sorbants; homeland security sensors AB New SMART approaches to fast, high sensitivity, high selectivity, low false indication, self communicating, distributed sensor networks for detection of chemical, biological and radiation threats are being developed at PNNL. These new sensors have their roots in clever combinations of high affinity ligands, self assembled monolayers, shape-specific, receptor surfaces, mesoporous superstructures, rapidly fabricated single-chain antibodies, stabilized enzyme reactors and manipulated micro-beads for optical, mass, and direct electronic transduction. Assemblies of these SMART materials and structures are able to efficiently reject the bulk of highly cluttered physical environmental backgrounds, collect the product of interest with extremely high selectivity, concentrate it and present it for efficient and sensitive detection. The general construction methodology for these structures and examples of new sensor systems for detecting chemical, biological and nuclear materials of concern in the Homeland Security context is presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Lind, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 4500 Sand Point Way NE,POB 5395, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5312-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5395 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.547458 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAS16 UT WOS:000223345100001 ER PT S AU Waters, A Weirup, D Hall, H Dougan, A Trombino, D Mattesich, G Hull, E Bahowick, S Loshak, A Gruidl, J AF Waters, A Weirup, D Hall, H Dougan, A Trombino, D Mattesich, G Hull, E Bahowick, S Loshak, A Gruidl, J BE Doctor, SR BarCohen, Y Aktan, EM Wu, HF TI Radiation detection field test at the Federal Express (FedEx) air cargo facility at Denver International Airport (DIA) SO NONDESTRUCTIVE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT FOR HOMELAND SECURITY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security II CY MAR 16-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Arms Control & Int Secur Directorat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Waters, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Arms Control & Int Secur Directorat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Gruidl, Jeremiah/0000-0003-2997-7395; Hall, Howard/0000-0002-4080-5159 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5312-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5395 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.543314 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAS16 UT WOS:000223345100003 ER PT S AU Diaz, AA Burghard, BJ Valencia, JD Samuel, TJ AF Diaz, AA Burghard, BJ Valencia, JD Samuel, TJ BE Doctor, SR BarCohen, Y Aktan, EM Wu, HF TI Ultrasonic database development for the acoustic inspection device: the velocity-attenuation measurement system (VAMS) SO NONDESTRUCTIVE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT FOR HOMELAND SECURITY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security II CY MAR 16-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE acoustic; ultrasonic; acoustic velocity; attenuation; noninvasive; database AB The inspection of sealed containers is a critical task for personnel charged with enforcing government policies, maintaining public safety, and ensuring national security. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a portable, handheld acoustic inspection device (AID) that provides non-invasive container interrogation and material identification capabilities. The AID technology has been deployed worldwide and user's are providing feedback and requesting additional capabilities and functionality. Recently, PNNL has developed a laboratory-based system for automated, ultrasonic characterization of fluids to support database development for the AID. Using pulse-echo ultrasound, ultrasonic pulses are launched into a container or bulk-solid commodity. The return echoes from these pulses are analyzed in terms of time-of-flight and frequency content (as a function of temperature) to extract physical property measurements (acoustic velocity and attenuation) of the material under test. These measured values are then compared to a tailored database of materials and fluids property data acquired using the Velocity-Attenuation Measurement System (VAMS). This bench-top platform acquires key ultrasonic property measurements as a function of temperature and frequency. This paper describes the technical basis for operation of the VAMS, recent enhancements to the measurement algorithms for both the VAMS and AID technologies, and new measurement data from laboratory testing and performance demonstration activities. Applications for homeland security and counterterrorism, law enforcement, drug-interdiction and fuel transportation compliance activities will be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Diaz, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 2400 Stevens Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5312-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5395 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.543162 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAS16 UT WOS:000223345100004 ER PT B AU DeMange, P Carr, CW Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF DeMange, P Carr, CW Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Schepler, KL Lowenthal, DD TI Microscopic characterization of laser-induced damage performance of large-size KDP and DKDP nonlinear crystals SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUDITORY RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Fequency Generation and Conversion CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE damage testing; damage threshold; KDP; beam obscuration; laser conditioning ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; KH2PO4; IRRADIATION AB KDP and DKDP are unique materials for frequency conversion in large-aperture laser systems. Under high power irradiation, a threshold exists above which multiple damage sites are formed in the bulk of crystal plates thus obstructing beam propagation and creating undesirable beam modulations. Damage testing has focused on measuring the irradiation threshold fluences that lead to irreversible material modifications. However, small amounts of damage in optical components have been determined not to hinder system performance in large-aperture laser systems. In this work, we present a new approach to evaluating damage performance that provides statistics on damage pinpoint density, size and morphology as a function of fluence, wavelength and pulse duration and relates that to the resulting beam obscuration. We measure the size of damage sites for different wavelengths, pulse-lengths, and fluences. Different pulse-lengths are approximated by using multiple pulses appropriately delayed with respect to each other. We find that in KDP/DKDP crystals, the size of damage sites strongly depend on the pulse-length, with longer pulses creating larger damage sites. Also examined are ways of laser-annealing to increase the damage resistance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DeMange, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-5245-9 J9 SPR HDB AUD PY 2004 VL 5337 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.531330 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BAL98 UT WOS:000222773500006 ER PT B AU Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV BE Schepler, KL Lowenthal, DD TI 150-mJ 1550-nm KTA OPO with good beam quality and high efficiency SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUDITORY RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Fequency Generation and Conversion CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optics; optical parametric oscillator; image rotation; nonplanar ring oscillator ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; KTIOASO4; PERFORMANCE; CRYSTALS; PICOSECOND; GENERATION; FREQUENCY; DESIGN; OUTPUT; POWER AB We've demonstrated a nanosecond KTA OPO utilizing a high Fresnel-number quasi-monolithic image-rotating nonplanar-ring optical cavity to efficiently generate 1550 nm light with beam quality M-2 similar to 4. The OPO was pumped at 1064 run and injection-seeded at 1550 nm and was tested using either one or two 10x 10x 17 mm(3) KTA crystals. Total measured conversion efficiencies were as high as 45% and 55% respectively, with corresponding 1550 nm energies of approximately 135 mJ and 170 mJ. While energy and efficiency were high, agreement with numerical models that included walkoff, diffraction, and geometry of the nonplanar-ring, was poor near the oscillation threshold. Single-crystal oscillation revealed different thresholds for each KTA crystal. When tested by observing unphasematched 2omega generation, each crystal appears to contain a single ferroelectric domain, suggesting that refractive index inhomogeneity, or some other type of defect, prevents perfect phasematching. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armstrong, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-5245-9 J9 SPR HDB AUD PY 2004 VL 5337 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.528436 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BAL98 UT WOS:000222773500009 ER PT B AU Bisson, SE Kulp, TJ Levi, O Harris, J Fejer, MM AF Bisson, SE Kulp, TJ Levi, O Harris, J Fejer, MM BE Schepler, KL Lowenthal, DD TI A broadly tunable, high resolution IR cavity ring-down spectrometer based on difference frequency generation in orientation-patterned GaAs SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUDITORY RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Fequency Generation and Conversion CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quasi-phasematching; orientation-patterned gallium arsenide; difference frequency generation; IR chemical sensing; cavity ringdown spectroscopy ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE AB The advent of novel quasi-phase matched materials based on patterned growth gallium arsenide offer the possibility of broadly tunable IR sources covering the long- (5-12 mum) and mid-wave (3-5mum) infrared spectral regions. From the standpoint of chemical sensing, the long-wave infrared region between 8-12mum is attractive since it is an atmospheric window, many functional groups absorb in this region and absorptions tend to be strong compared to the mid-IR. We are employing orientation patterned GaAs as part of cw difference frequency spectrometer. In this system, light from two, tunable external cavity diode lasers covering the 1.3mum and 1.5mum telecom bands was amplified then mixed in an orientation-patterned GaAs crystal, producing radiation in the 7-9 mum region. The system serves as a source for a cw cavity ring-down spectrometer for ultra-trace gas detection applications. The combined tunability of the source, coupled with the sensitivity of cavity ringdown spectroscopy will allow both detection and identification of a wide range of species with unprecedented performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Diagnost & Remote Sensing Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bisson, SE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Diagnost & Remote Sensing Dept, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-5245-9 J9 SPR HDB AUD PY 2004 VL 5337 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.531730 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BAL98 UT WOS:000222773500014 ER PT J AU Benoit, J von Hauff, E Saxena, A AF Benoit, J von Hauff, E Saxena, A TI Self-dual bending theory for vesicles SO NONLINEARITY LA English DT Article ID FLUID MEMBRANES; LIPID BILAYERS; TOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS; CONFORMAL DEGENERACY; HEISENBERG SPINS; SHAPE; MORPHOLOGY; DIFFUSION; STIFFNESS; SECTION AB We present a self-dual bending theory that may enable a better understanding of highly nonlinear global behaviour observed in biological vesicles. Adopting this topological approach for spherical vesicles of revolution allows us to describe them as frustrated sine-Gordon kinks. Finally, to illustrate an application of our results, we consider a spherical vesicle globally distorted by two polar latex beads. C1 Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Fac Phys, Dept Energy & Semicond Res, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Crete, Dept Phys, POB 2208, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. EM jgmbenoit@wanadoo.fr RI von Hauff, Elizabeth/D-2846-2011; von Hauff, Elizabeth/C-7395-2013; OI von Hauff, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6269-0540 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-7715 EI 1361-6544 J9 NONLINEARITY JI Nonlinearity PD JAN PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 AR PII S0951-7715(04)55321-5 DI 10.1088/0951-7715/17/1/004 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 768XV UT WOS:000188597100005 ER PT B AU Darling, SB Sundrani, D Sibener, SJ AF Darling, SB Sundrani, D Sibener, SJ BE Yang, S Xia, y Liu, J Lakeman, CDE TI Directing the self-assembly of nanoscale polymeric templates SO NONTRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO PATTERNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nontraditional Approaches to Patterning held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Ultrathin diblock copolymer films have been offered as promising candidates for bottom-up templates in nanotechnological applications. Their natural tendency to self-organize into laterally alternating domains with a length scale tunable in the range of 10-100 nm is fundamental to their potential in this arena. However, having arbitrary control over the orientation of these domains is equally crucial and, until now, largely unrealized. We will present a novel lithographically assisted self-assembly approach that leads to low defect density domains of mesoscopic dimensions spanning 0.2-2 mum in width, 100 mum in length, and with nanoscopic features down to 20 nm. Potential applications extend from fundamental polymer science to sensor technology, electronics/spintronics, and optics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Darling, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA BN 1-55899-746-6 PY 2004 BP 89 EP 91 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAB25 UT WOS:000221437000019 ER PT B AU Laughton, C AF Laughton, C BE Ozdemir, L TI Drawing from past experience to improve the management of future underground projects SO NORTH AMERICAN TUNNELING 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Tunneling Conference (NAT 2004) CY APR 17-22, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA AB The high-energy physics community is currently developing plans to build underground facilities as part of its continuing investigation into the fundamental nature of matter. The tunnels and caverns are being designed to house a new generation of particle accelerators and detectors. For these projects, the cost of constructing the underground facility will constitute a major portion of the total capital cost and project viability can be greatly enhanced by paying careful attention to design and construction practices. A review of recently completed underground physics facilities and related literature has been undertaken to identify some management principles that have proven successful in underground practice. Projects reviewed were constructed in the United States of America and Europe using both Design-Build and more traditional Engineer-Procure-Construct contract formats. Although the physics projects reviewed tend to place relatively strict tolerances on alignment, stability and dryness, their overall requirements are similar to those of other tunnels and it is hoped that some of the principles promoted in this paper will be of value to the owner of any underground project. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Laughton, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-669-6 PY 2004 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BAD32 UT WOS:000221652600002 ER PT S AU Xantheas, SS AF Xantheas, SS BE Samios, J Durov, VA TI Intermolecular interactions and cooperative effects from electronic structure calculations: An effective means for developing interaction potentials for condensed phase simulations. SO NOVEL APPROACHES TO THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF LIQUIDS: EXPERIMENTS, THEORIES AND SIMULATIONS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Novel Approaches to the Structure and Dynamics of Liquids CY SEP 06-15, 2002 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS; POLARIZABLE WATER MODEL; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; AB-INITIO; ICE IH; 1ST PRINCIPLES; LIQUID WATER C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 906 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K1-83, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015 NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-1847-9; 1-4020-1846-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2004 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA BAP31 UT WOS:000223104800001 ER PT S AU Smith, MW AF Smith, MW BE Sasian, JM Koshel, RJ Manhart, PK Juergens, RC TI Use of adaptive optics to implement non-quadratic phase diversity imaging SO NOVEL OPTICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE phase diversity; adaptive optics; imaging system; image restoration ID DECONVOLUTION; MULTIPLE; IMAGES AB Phase diversity imaging is an established technique for deriving optical phase information from measurements of intensity. Knowledge of the optical phase can then be used to provide real time feedback control to adaptive optics or to perform post-detection image restoration. The work presented in this paper concerns the use of phase diversity to improve image restoration for aberrated optical systems. All previous implementations of phase diversity imaging of which the author is aware use defocus to introduce phase diversity. Defocus is rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis (no theta dependence) and has an approximately quadratic dependence (p(2)) on the radial coordinate in the exit pupil plane. Because of this rotational symmetry, defocus diversity is effective in improving the quality of image restorations only for even-order aberrations such as spherical (p(4)) and astigmatism (p(2.)cos(2)theta). However, simple defocus diversity fails to improve the quality of image restorations for odd-order 3 aberrations such as coma (p(3.)costheta). This paper explores the use of non-quadratic and rotationally non-symmetric phase diversity versus standard defocus diversity. Simulated image restorations are presented for a hypothetical system that would use an adaptive optic to introduce generalized phase diversity to remediate the impact of residual aberrations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5462-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5524 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.556355 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ09 UT WOS:000225735800008 ER PT B AU Burkert, VD De Vita, R Niccolai, S AF Burkert, VD De Vita, R Niccolai, S CA CLAS Collaboration BE Bocquet, JP Kuznetsov, V Rebreyend, D TI Search for Pentaquark States with CLAS at Jefferson Lab SO NSTAR 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons CY MAR 24-27, 2004 CL Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol, Grenoble, FRANCE SP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Commiss Energie Atom, Inst Natl Phys Nucl Phys Particules, Univ Joseph Fourier Genoble, Grenoble City, Conseil Gen lIsere, Reg Rhone Alpes, Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol HO Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol ID BARYON AB We discuss the experimental program to search for baryon states with exotic flavor quantum numbers using CLAS at Jefferson Lab. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM burkert@jlab.org; devita@ge.infn.it; silvia@jlab.org NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-090-4 PY 2004 BP 9 EP 26 DI 10.1142/9789812702272_0002 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCI13 UT WOS:000229425500002 ER PT B AU Lee, TSH Matsuyama, A Sato, T AF Lee, TSH Matsuyama, A Sato, T BE Bocquet, JP Kuznetsov, V Rebreyend, D TI Models of meson-baryon reactions in the nucleon resonance region SO NSTAR 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons CY MAR 24-27, 2004 CL Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol, Grenoble, FRANCE SP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Commiss Energie Atom, Inst Natl Phys Nucl Phys Particules, Univ Joseph Fourier Genoble, Grenoble City, Conseil Gen lIsere, Reg Rhone Alpes, Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol HO Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol ID PI-N SCATTERING; PHOTOPRODUCTION; UNITARY; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PROTON AB It is shown that most of the models for analyzing meson-baryon reactions in the nucleon resonance region can be derived from a Hamiltonian formulation of the problem. An extension of the coupled-channel approach to include pi pi N channel is briefly described and some preliminary results for the N* (1535) excitation are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lee@theory.phy.anl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-090-4 PY 2004 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1142/9789812702272_0012 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCI13 UT WOS:000229425500012 ER PT B AU Sandorfi, AM Ardashev, K Bade, C Bartalini, O Blecher, M Caracappa, A Commeaux, C D'Angelo, A d'Angelo, A Di Salvo, R Didelez, JP Fantini, A Hicks, K Hoblit, S Honig, A Gibson, C Kageya, T Khandaker, M Lincoln, F Lehmann, A Lowry, M Lucas, M Mahon, J Miceli, L Moricciani, D Preedom, BM Norum, B Schaerf, C Stroher, H Thorn, C Wang, K Whisnant, CS Wei, X AF Sandorfi, AM Ardashev, K Bade, C Bartalini, O Blecher, M Caracappa, A Commeaux, C D'Angelo, A d'Angelo, A Di Salvo, R Didelez, JP Fantini, A Hicks, K Hoblit, S Honig, A Gibson, C Kageya, T Khandaker, M Lincoln, F Lehmann, A Lowry, M Lucas, M Mahon, J Miceli, L Moricciani, D Preedom, BM Norum, B Schaerf, C Stroher, H Thorn, C Wang, K Whisnant, CS Wei, X CA LEGS Spin Collaboration BE Bocquet, JP Kuznetsov, V Rebreyend, D TI Double-polarization experiments using polarized HD at LEGS SO NSTAR 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons CY MAR 24-27, 2004 CL Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol, Grenoble, FRANCE SP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Commiss Energie Atom, Inst Natl Phys Nucl Phys Particules, Univ Joseph Fourier Genoble, Grenoble City, Conseil Gen lIsere, Reg Rhone Alpes, Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol HO Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol AB A solid, polarized HD target has been developed for the measurement of double-polarization observables in the A resonance region. The focus of the experimental program is a comparison of pion photo-production amplitudes for the neutron and proton and the associated spin-dependent sum rules. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sandorfi@bnl.gov; annalisa.dangelo@roma2.infn.it; rachele.disalvo@roma2.infn.it; alessia.fantini@roma2.infn.it RI Fantini, Alessia/J-2478-2012; moricciani, dario/C-5002-2014; D'Angelo, Annalisa/A-2439-2012 OI Fantini, Alessia/0000-0002-4643-4731; moricciani, dario/0000-0002-1737-8857; D'Angelo, Annalisa/0000-0003-3050-4907 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-090-4 PY 2004 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1142/9789812702272_0018 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCI13 UT WOS:000229425500018 ER PT B AU Mokeev, VI Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Fedotov, GV Ishkhanov, BS Isupov, E Markov, NS Ripani, M AF Mokeev, VI Burkert, VD Elouadrhiri, L Fedotov, GV Ishkhanov, BS Isupov, E Markov, NS Ripani, M BE Bocquet, JP Kuznetsov, V Rebreyend, D TI Baryon states in double charged pion photo- and electroproduction SO NSTAR 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons CY MAR 24-27, 2004 CL Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol, Grenoble, FRANCE SP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Commiss Energie Atom, Inst Natl Phys Nucl Phys Particules, Univ Joseph Fourier Genoble, Grenoble City, Conseil Gen lIsere, Reg Rhone Alpes, Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol HO Lab Phys Subatom Cosmol AB Phenomenological analysis of recent CLAS 2 pi photo- and electroproduction data is presented. This effort is a part of CLAS Collaboration activity on development of physics analysis methods with a goal to determine N* parameters. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM mokeev@jlab.org RI Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-090-4 PY 2004 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1142/9789812702272_0039 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCI13 UT WOS:000229425500039 ER PT B AU Iyer, S AF Iyer, S BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Overlapping bio and nano technologies SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE biotechnology; nanoscience; protein; materials; interfaces ID PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; FABRICATION; MICROSCOPY; MOLECULE; SYSTEM AB "What is the connection between nanoscience and biology?" "What are biologists doing at Nanotech 2004 and why do you have so many "bio" related sessions?" "So biologists are also jumping on the nanoscience bandwagon." These are real questions/comments that are brought up even today. In spite of well established, classic hybrid fields such as biochemistry or biophysics, biology has long been perceived as an isolated science. This was clearly evident during the formative stages of Nanotech (erstwhile MSM/ICCN) conference series which brings together cross-disciplinary scientists to provide a forum for a free-flowing exchange of ideas. A lot has changed since then and rapid strides have been made towards merging bio- and nanotechnologies. The nano-bio association is a two-way street. Modem biology is heavily dependent on technological innovations that have improved analytical processes and, in turn, biological molecules and processes have inspired the synthesis of nanomaterials with novel properties and functionality. The purpose of this brief overview is to highlight a few hybrid topics that could reinforce the belief that nano-biotechnology as a field is here to stay and that its benefits will be clearly visible to the public much sooner than was predicted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Iyer, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-7-6 PY 2004 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BAO45 UT WOS:000223073000008 ER PT B AU Feng, JJ Olazaball, V Olivares, JA Sundaram, S Krishnamoorthy, S Iyer, S AF Feng, JJ Olazaball, V Olivares, JA Sundaram, S Krishnamoorthy, S Iyer, S BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Development and characterization of a 2-D microchip-based protein separation system SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE capillary isoelectric focusing; capillary zone electrophoresis; chip; laser-induced fluorescence; simulation ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEOMICS AB We have developed a 2-D microchip based separation system that employs capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and uses a real-time fluorescent imaging of the analytes as they are separated. Physics-based simulations have been developed to understand the fundamental physico-chemical processes occurring in this system. Here, we describe the design of the chip, instrument and detection system, characterize the operation and present results from preliminary simulations to understand and establish optimal separation conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sk@cfdrc.com; siyer@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-7-6 PY 2004 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BAO45 UT WOS:000223073000024 ER PT B AU Sansinena, JM Yee, CK Sapuri, A Swanson, B Redondo, A Parikh, AN AF Sansinena, JM Yee, CK Sapuri, A Swanson, B Redondo, A Parikh, AN BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Micro-patterning of ionic reservoirs within a double bilayer lipid membrane to fabricate a 2D array of ion-channel switch based electrochemical biosensors SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE bilayer lipid membrane; ionic reservoir; ion channel; electrochemical biosensor ID SURFACES AB We present a new approach for the design of ionic reservoir arrays within a double phospholipid bilayer to ultimately develop a 2D array of ion-channel switch based electrochemical biosensors. As a first step, a primary bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) is deposited onto an array of electrodes patterned onto a substrate surface. Subsequently, an array of microvoids is created within the bilayer by a wet photolithographic patterning of phospholipid bilayers using a deep UV light source and a quartz/chrome photomask. The deposition of a secondary BLM onto the primary bilayer that spans across the patterned microvoids leads to the formation of an array of ionic reservoirs within the double phospholipid bilayer. This is accomplished using giant unilamellar vesicles and by exploiting membrane electrostatics. The eventual use of ligand-gated ion-channels incorporated into the secondary bilayer that covers the individual ionic reservoirs will lead to a 2D array of ion-channel switch based electrochemical biosensors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sansinena, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-7-6 PY 2004 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BAO45 UT WOS:000223073000059 ER PT B AU Musson, LC Ho, P Plimpton, SJ Schmidt, RC AF Musson, LC Ho, P Plimpton, SJ Schmidt, RC BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Feature length-scale modeling of LPCVD and PECVD MEMS fabrication processes SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 2, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE MEMS; CVD; LPCVD; PECVD; level-set method; feature scale ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON DIOXIDE; SIMULATION AB The surface micromachining processes used to manufacture MEMS devices and integrated circuits transpire at such small length scales and are sufficiently complex that a theoretical analysis of them is particularly inviting. Under development at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is Chemically Induced Surface Evolution with Level Sets (ChISELS), a level-set based feature-scale modeler of such processes. The theoretical models used, a description of the software and some example results are presented here. The focus to date has been of low-pressure and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD & PECVD) processes. Both are employed in SNL's SUMMiT V technology though as of this writing the PECVD process model includes only unbiased wafers. Examples of step coverage Of SiO2 into a trench by each of the LPCVD and PECVD process are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Musson, LC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-8-4 PY 2004 BP 239 EP 242 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAO48 UT WOS:000223076800057 ER PT B AU Schiek, R Schmidt, R AF Schiek, R Schmidt, R BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Using topology derived masks to facilitate 3D design SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 2, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE topology; mask; mems; design; optimization AB To accelerate MEMS design for surface micromachining applications, an algorithm and associated design tool have been created which translates designers' 3D-models into 2D lithographic production masks. Typically, designing a surface micromachined, MEMS device requires the creation of a two-dimensional mask set describing how layers of material are used to construct the three-dimensional object. Mask sets are specific to a fixed production process and are effectively the tooling required to manufacture a device. This design tool was developed and implemented such that when given a three-dimensional object it can infer from the object's topology the two-dimensional masks needed to produce that object with surface micromachining. The masks produced by this design tool can be generic, process independent masks or, if given process constraints, specific for a target process allowing 3D designs to be carried across multiple processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP Schiek, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Sci, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RI Schiek, Richard/A-9192-2011 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-8-4 PY 2004 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAO48 UT WOS:000223076800070 ER PT B AU Forest, CR Reynolds-Browne, P Blum-Spahn, O Harris, J Novak, E Wong, CC Mani, S Peter, F Adams, D AF Forest, CR Reynolds-Browne, P Blum-Spahn, O Harris, J Novak, E Wong, CC Mani, S Peter, F Adams, D BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Static and dynamic optical metrology of micro-mirror thermal deformation SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 2, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE stroboscopic interferometry; optical profilometry; MOEMS; optical switch; thermo-mechanical AB Metrology of MEMS can provide feedback for accurate modeling of thermal-mechanical behavior and understanding of thin film properties. Towards this end, measurements of the thermal-mechanical response of a micro-mirror design have been performed using interferometry. The thermal mechanical response of a 500 mum diameter mirror is induced with spot heating using a 100 mum diameter infrared laser at optical powers up to 1.5 W. The transition between elastic and plastic deformation is observed. Amplitudes of elastic and plastic deformation up to 120 nm and 3 mum are measured, respectively. Optical heating is then cycled in the elastic regime, permitting a novel application of stroboscopic interferometry. Results indicate that heating and cooling of the micro-mirror occurs over approximately 2.2 ms, as measured with a temporal resolution of 0.14 ms. Deformation amplitude is proportional to optical power, and depends on micro-mirror surface coating. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Forest, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-8-4 PY 2004 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAO48 UT WOS:000223076800088 ER PT B AU Trebotich, D Colella, P Miller, G Nonaka, A Marshall, T Gulati, S Liepmann, D AF Trebotich, D Colella, P Miller, G Nonaka, A Marshall, T Gulati, S Liepmann, D BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI A numerical algorithm for complex biological flow in irregular microdevice geometries SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 2, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE non-Newtonian; viscoelasticity; Oldroyd-B; micro uidics; projection methods; embedded boundaries ID EMBEDDED BOUNDARY METHOD; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS AB We present a numerical algorithm to simulate non-Newtonian ow in complex microdevice components. The model consists of continuum viscoelastic incompressible ow in irregular microscale geometries. Our numerical approach is the projection method of Bell, Colella and Glaz (BCG) to impose the incompressibility constraint coupled with the polymeric stress splitting discretization of Trebotich, Colella and Miller (TCM). In this approach we exploit the hyperbolic structure of the equations of motion to achieve higher resolution in the presence of strong gradients and to gain an order of magnitude in the timestep. We also extend BCG and TCM to an embedded boundary method to treat irregular domain geometries which exist in microdevices. Our method allows for particle representation in a continuum uid. We present preliminary results for incompressible viscous ow with comparison to ow of DNA and simulants in microchannels and other components used in chem/bio microdevices. (1) C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trebotich, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L560, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-8-4 PY 2004 BP 470 EP 473 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAO48 UT WOS:000223076800115 ER PT J AU Winchell, DF Sonzogni, AA AF Winchell, DF Sonzogni, AA TI Recent references - January 2003 through December 2003 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Bibliography C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Winchell, DF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JAN PY 2004 VL 101 IS 1 BP 1 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2004.01.001 PG 192 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 770AZ UT WOS:000188702100001 ER PT J AU Xu, J AF Xu, J TI A synthesis formulation of explicit damping matrix for non-classically damped systems SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB In computing the dynamic response of a connected system with multiple components having dissimilar damping characteristics, often referred to as non-classically damped system such as nuclear power plant piping systems supported by stiff structures, one needs to define the system-level damping based upon the damping information of components. This paper presents a general formulation for computing rigorous explicit damping matrices for multiply connected, non-classically damped, coupled systems. The algorithm derived was based on a synthesis process developed by Hurty [AIAA J. 3 (4) (1965)], in which three different kinds of damping were utilized to describe the energy dissipation of the system. It was also shown that the system damping developed by the synthesis approach could reduce to damping formulations available in the literature such as those of Gupta et a. [Seismic response of non-classically damped systems. Nucl. Eng. Design, vol. 91, 1986] and Pajuhesh et al. [Determination of composite damping matrices. In: Proceedings on Fifth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, vol. 1, 1973] when the same assumptions were applied for the interface connectivity. The method presented in this paper was used in developing the rigorous system matrices for the BNL solution to a set of benchmark problems analyzed in the NRC-BNL benchmark program for the evaluation of the state-of-the-art methods and computer programs for non-classically damped systems [Benchmark Program for the Evaluation of Methods to Analyze Non-Classically Damped Coupled Systems (2000)]. The details of the NRC-BNL benchmark program are presented in a companion paper [A NRC-BNL Benchmark Evaluation of Seismic Analysis Methods for Non-Classically Damped Coupled Systems (in press)]. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 130,32 Lewis Rd,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xu@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 227 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.08.005 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 769MK UT WOS:000188653700001 ER PT J AU Pollaine, S Hatchett, S AF Pollaine, S Hatchett, S TI Characterizing spherical harmonic coefficients on an ICF capsule SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article AB The eigenfunctions of Rayleigh-Taylor modes on a spherical capsule are the spherical harmonics Y-l,Y-m. These can be measured by measuring the surface perturbations along great circles and fitting them to the first few modes by a procedure described in this paper. For higher mode numbers, it is more convenient to average the Fourier power spectra along the great circles and then transform them to spherical harmonic modes by an algorithm derived here. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pollaine, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 AR PII S0029-5515(04)72001-3 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/1/014 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 768XR UT WOS:000188596800015 ER PT J AU Ongena, J Monier-Garbet, P Suttrop, W Andrew, P Becoulet, M Budny, R Corre, Y Cordey, G Dumortier, P Eich, T Garzotti, L Hillis, DL Hogan, J Ingesson, LC Jachmich, S Joffrin, E Lang, P Loarte, A Lomas, P Maddison, GP McDonald, D Messiaen, A Nave, MFF Saibene, G Sartori, R Sauter, O Strachan, JD Unterberg, B Valovic, M Voitsekhovitch I von Hellermann, M Alper, B Baranov, Y Beurskens, M Bonheure, G Brzozowski, J Bucalossi, J Brix, M Charlet, M Coffey I De Baar, M De Vries, P Giroud, C Gowers, C Hawkes, N Jackson, GL Jupen, C Kallenbach, A Koslowski, HR Lawson, KD Mantsinen, M Matthews, G Milani, F Murakami, M Murari, A Neu, R Parail V Podda, S Puiatti, ME Rapp, J Righi, E Sartori, F Sarazin, Y Staebler, A Stamp, M Telesca, G Valisa, M Weyssow, B Zastrow, KD AF Ongena, J Monier-Garbet, P Suttrop, W Andrew, P Becoulet, M Budny, R Corre, Y Cordey, G Dumortier, P Eich, T Garzotti, L Hillis, DL Hogan, J Ingesson, LC Jachmich, S Joffrin, E Lang, P Loarte, A Lomas, P Maddison, GP McDonald, D Messiaen, A Nave, MFF Saibene, G Sartori, R Sauter, O Strachan, JD Unterberg, B Valovic, M Voitsekhovitch, I von Hellermann, M Alper, B Baranov, Y Beurskens, M Bonheure, G Brzozowski, J Bucalossi, J Brix, M Charlet, M Coffey, I De Baar, M De Vries, P Giroud, C Gowers, C Hawkes, N Jackson, GL Jupen, C Kallenbach, A Koslowski, HR Lawson, KD Mantsinen, M Matthews, G Milani, F Murakami, M Murari, A Neu, R Parail, V Podda, S Puiatti, ME Rapp, J Righi, E Sartori, F Sarazin, Y Staebler, A Stamp, M Telesca, G Valisa, M Weyssow, B Zastrow, KD CA EFDA-JET Workprogramme contributor TI Towards the realization on JET of an integrated H-mode scenario for ITER SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY; PLASMA SHAPE; DIII-D; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; ASDEX UPGRADE; EDGE; DISCHARGES; TOKAMAKS; ELMS; TRANSPORT AB ELMy H-mode experiments at JET in 2000/mid-2002 have focused on discharges with normalized parameters for plasma density, energy confinement and beta similar to those of the ITER Q(DT) = 10 reference regime (n/n(GW) similar to 0.85, H(98(y,2)) similar to 1, beta(N) similar to 1.8). ELMy H-mode plasmas have been realized reaching or even exceeding those parameters in steady-state conditions (up to similar to5 s or 12tau(epsilon)) in a reproducible way and only limited by the duration of the additional heating phase. These results have been obtained (a) in highly triangular plasmas, by increasing the average triangularity delta towards the ITER reference value (delta similar to 0.5), and (b) in plasmas at low triangularity (delta similar to 0.2) by seeding of Ar and placing the X-point of the plasma on the top of the septum. Pellet injection from the high field side is a third method yielding high density and high confinement, albeit not yet under steady-state conditions. In highly triangular plasmas the influence of input power, plasma triangularity and impurity seeding with noble gases has been studied. Density profile peaking at high densities has been obtained in (a) impurity seeded low triangularity discharges, (b) ELMy H-modes with low levels of input power and (c) discharges fuelled with pellet injection from the high field side. New ELM behaviour has been observed in high triangularity discharges at high density, opening a possible route to ELM heat load mitigation, which can be further amplified by Ar impurity seeding. Current extrapolations of the ELM heat load to ITER show possibly a window for Type I ELM operation. Confinement scaling studies indicate an increase in confinement with triangularity and density peaking, and a decrease in confinement with the Greenwald number. In addition, experiments in H isotope and He indicate tau(E) proportional to M(0.19)Z(-0.59). The threshold power for the L-H transition in He plasmas shows the same parametric dependence as in D plasmas, but with a 50% higher absolute value. C1 Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, LPP ERM KMS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham, England. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Royal Inst Technol, KTH, Assoc EURATOM VR, Stockholm, Sweden. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasmaphys, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Assoc Euratom Enea Fus, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafys, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Assoc EURATOM IST, Ctr Fusao Nucl, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1007 Lausanne, Switzerland. Chalmers, Assoc EURATOM NFR, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Aix Marseille 1, PIIM, Equipe Turbulence Plasmas, Marseille, France. DIIID Natl Fus Facil, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Assoc EURATOM Tekes, Helsinki, Finland. Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, Ctr Ric Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy. Free Univ Brussels, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, Unite Phys Plasmas, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Ongena, J (reprint author), Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, LPP ERM KMS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM j.ongena@fz-juelich.de RI Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; Lang, Peter/H-2507-2013; Mantsinen, Mervi/B-8023-2016; Neu, Rudolf /B-4438-2010; OI Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Lang, Peter/0000-0003-1586-8518; Mantsinen, Mervi/0000-0001-9927-835X; Neu, Rudolf /0000-0002-6062-1955; sartori, Filippo/0000-0002-3451-3467; Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280; Unterberg, Bernhard/0000-0003-0866-957X NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 124 EP 133 AR PII S0029-5515(04)71304-6 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/1/015 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 768XR UT WOS:000188596800016 ER PT J AU Zweben, SJ Maqueda, RJ Stotler, DP Keesee, A Boedo, J Bush, CE Kaye, SM LeBlanc, B Lowrance, JL Mastrocola, VJ Maingi, R Nishino, N Renda, G Swain, DW Wilgen, JB AF Zweben, SJ Maqueda, RJ Stotler, DP Keesee, A Boedo, J Bush, CE Kaye, SM LeBlanc, B Lowrance, JL Mastrocola, VJ Maingi, R Nishino, N Renda, G Swain, DW Wilgen, JB CA NSTX Team TI High-speed imaging of edge turbulence in NSTX SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; ALCATOR C-MOD; COLLISIONAL-RADIATIVE MODEL; DIII-D TOKAMAK; PLASMA TURBULENCE; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; ZONAL FLOWS; COHERENT STRUCTURE; CALTECH TOKAMAK AB The two-dimensional radial vs poloidal structure and motion of edge turbulence in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) were measured using high-speed imaging of the visible light emission from a localized neutral gas puff. Edge turbulence images are shown and analysed for Ohmic, L- and H-mode plasma conditions. The two-dimensional images often show regions of strong localized light emission known as 'blobs', which move both poloidally and radially at a typical speed of approximate to10(5) cm s(-1), and sometimes show spatially periodic features. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. UCSD, San Diego, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Princeton Sci Instruments Inc, Monmouth Jct, NJ USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. RP Zweben, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; Keesee, Amy/J-8194-2014; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Keesee, Amy/0000-0002-9719-3229; Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 62 TC 189 Z9 190 U1 2 U2 23 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 134 EP 153 AR PII S0029-5515(04)71999-7 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/1/016 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 768XR UT WOS:000188596800017 ER PT J AU Groebner, RJ Mahdavi, MA Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Wolf, NS Porter, GD Stangeby, PC Brooks, NS Colchin, RJ Owen, LW AF Groebner, RJ Mahdavi, MA Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Wolf, NS Porter, GD Stangeby, PC Brooks, NS Colchin, RJ Owen, LW TI Comparison of H-mode barrier width with a model of neutral penetration length SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DIII-D; PEDESTAL FORMATION; DENSITY PEDESTAL; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS; CONFINEMENT; LIMIT AB Pedestal studies in DIII-D find that the width of the region of steep gradient in the H-mode density is comparable with the neutral penetration length, as computed from a simple analytic model. This model has analytic solutions for the edge plasma and neutral density profiles, which are obtained from the coupled particle continuity equations for electrons and deuterium atoms. In its range of validity (edge temperature between 40 and 500 eV), the analytic model quantitatively predicts the observed decrease in the width as the pedestal density increases and the observed strong increase in the gradient of the density as the pedestal density increases. The model successfully predicts that L-mode and H-mode profiles with the same pedestal density have gradients that differ by less than a factor of 2. The width of the density barrier, measured from the edge of the electron temperature barrier, is the lower limit for the observed width of the temperature barrier. These results support the hypothesis that particle fuelling is an important part of the physics that determines the structure of the H-mode transport barrier. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Groebner, RJ (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM groebner@fusion.gat.com NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 204 EP 213 AR PII S0029-5515(04)72613-7 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/1/022 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 768XR UT WOS:000188596800023 ER PT J AU Kodama, K Andreopoulos, C Giokaris, N Saoulidou, N Tzanakos, G Baller, B Boehnlein, D Lundberg, B Rameika, R Song, JS Yoon, CS Chung, SH Berghaus, P Kubantsev, M Reay, NW Sidwell, R Stanton, N Yoshida, S Aoki, S Hara, T Ciampa, D Erickson, C Heller, K Rusack, R Graham, M Schwienhorst, R Sielaff, J Trammell, J Wilcox, J Hoshino, K Jiko, H Kawada, J Kawai, T Komatsu, M Matsuoka, H Miyanishi, M Nakamura, M Nakano, T Narita, K Niwa, K Nonaka, N Okada, K Sato, O Toshito, T Akdogan, T Kulik, A Paolone, V Rosenfeld, C Kafka, T Oliver, W Schneps, J Skender, M AF Kodama, K Andreopoulos, C Giokaris, N Saoulidou, N Tzanakos, G Baller, B Boehnlein, D Lundberg, B Rameika, R Song, JS Yoon, CS Chung, SH Berghaus, P Kubantsev, M Reay, NW Sidwell, R Stanton, N Yoshida, S Aoki, S Hara, T Ciampa, D Erickson, C Heller, K Rusack, R Graham, M Schwienhorst, R Sielaff, J Trammell, J Wilcox, J Hoshino, K Jiko, H Kawada, J Kawai, T Komatsu, M Matsuoka, H Miyanishi, M Nakamura, M Nakano, T Narita, K Niwa, K Nonaka, N Okada, K Sato, O Toshito, T Akdogan, T Kulik, A Paolone, V Rosenfeld, C Kafka, T Oliver, W Schneps, J Skender, M TI Identification of neutrino interactions using the DONUT spectrometer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE tau neutrino; spectrometer; lepton identification ID STATES AB The experimental apparatus used for the first direct observation of the tau neutrino (the DONUT experiment) is described. Its main features consisted of a target system composed of nuclear emulsion targets and scintillation fiber trackers, a magnetic charged-particle spectrometer and detectors for lepton identification. This paper will concentrate on the description of the electronic detectors and their performance in selecting neutrino interactions, making the vertex predictions necessary for locating events in the emulsion target and lepton identification. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Aichi Univ Educ, Kariya, Aichi 448, Japan. Univ Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. Gyeongsang Univ, Chinju, South Korea. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29028 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Lundberg, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM lundberg@fnal.gov RI Aoki, Shigeki/L-6044-2015 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 516 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.035 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 761LD UT WOS:000187909500003 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW Weber, WJ Whitlow, HJ AF Zhang, YW Weber, WJ Whitlow, HJ TI Electronic stopping powers for heavy ions in silicon SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE energy loss; stopping power; elastic recoil detection analysis; time of flight; Si detector ID ENERGY-LOSS MEASUREMENTS; DETECTOR RESPONSE; CARBON; AL AB The stopping powers in silicon of heavy ions, with atomic numbers ranging from 4 to 29, have been determined using a time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF ERDA) set-up. In transmission geometry, the energy loss of heavy elastic recoils in the self-supporting silicon foil of known thickness is measured over a continuous range of recoil energies using time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry. By essentially calibrating the Si detector for each channel over the measured energy region using the TOF spectrometer, an uncertainty of less than 4% is achieved. The stopping powers are parameterized using a sixth order polynomial and compared with the limited experimental data in the literature. In the energy regimes Where experimental data exist, the present data exhibit good agreement with most data. Stopping powers predicted by SRIM (the stopping and range of ions in matter) are in reasonable agreement with much of the experimental data, and SRIM-2003 predictions are in somewhat better agreement than SRIM-2000. There are, however, still some discrepancies between SRIM predictions and the experimental data. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lund Inst Technol, Div Nucl Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Zhang, YW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yanwen.zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 215 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.09.005 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 766XJ UT WOS:000188400400007 ER PT J AU Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE Schlutig, S AF Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE Schlutig, S TI Nanoparticle ejection from gold during ion irradiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE sputtering; nanoparticle; craters; gold; ion irradiation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DAMAGE; IMPACTS; DISPLACEMENT; BOMBARDMENT; AU; CLUSTERS; SURFACES; CRATERS; METALS AB We have used in situ transmission electron microscopy to study the sputtering of gold by inert-gas ions and, in particular, nanoparticles ejected by individual ion impacts. Irradiations were performed at room temperature in transmission geometry with Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe ions at energies between 100 and 600 keV. Nanoparticles result from situations in which ion impacts also give rise to nanometer size craters on the surface. The number of nanoparticles increased linearly with increasing ion dose. The rate of nanoparticle ejection scales with the probability, calculated with standard Monte Carlo techniques, for high-energy deposition events by individual ions in the near-surface region regardless of the irradiation. The percentage of near-surface, high-energy recoils that eject a nanoparticle is high. The rate of nanoparticle ejection depends on energy transfer to the Au lattice and not on the ion that makes the impact or its energy. Ejected nanoparticles account for the nonlinear component of sputtering. Monte Carlo calculations offer a general technique for predicting situations in which nanoparticles can be ejected and thus when the nonlinear contribution to the sputtering yield is likely to be significant. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Salford, Joule Phys Lab, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Univ Caen, CIRIL Lab, CEA, CNRS, F-14070 Caen, France. RP Birtcher, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM birtcher@anl.gov OI Donnelly, Stephen/0000-0002-9749-5550 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 215 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01789-0 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 766XJ UT WOS:000188400400009 ER PT J AU Hertz, KL Causey, RA Cowgill, DF AF Hertz, KL Causey, RA Cowgill, DF TI The effect of coatings on retention and permeation in SS 316L APT tritium production tubes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE deuterium; SS 316L; retention; permeation ID ION-IMPLANTED DEUTERIUM; STAINLESS-STEEL; HYDROGEN; DIFFUSION; COPPER; NICKEL; CU; NI AB The accelerator production of tritium (APT) design calls for thousands of thin-walled tubes to be filled with He-3 gas. The reaction of the spallation neutrons with this gas will result in the bombardment of the interior of these tubes with energetic tritons and protons. For APT to be able to meet its tritium production goals, it is necessary that the holdup of the tritium in the tube walls be minimized. To examine the tritium retention characteristics of stainless steel, one of the tube reference materials, accelerator implantation experiments were performed. In these experiments, deuterium was used in place of tritium to eliminate the problem of tritium contamination. Deuterons with energies up to 200 keV and protons with energies up to 600 keV were implanted into stainless steel (SS 316L) samples to fluences as high as 5 x 10(22) D/m(2) and 5 x 10(22) p/m(2). Thermal desorption spectroscopy showed that approximately 3% of the deuterium was retained within the sample. Approximately 0.5% of the deuterium permeated through to the back surface of the sample where a zirconium getter trapped the deuterium. The deuterium trapped in the zirconium layer was measured by nuclear reaction analysis. Eight-micron thick copper and nickel coatings were applied to the implantation side of the stainless steel substrate in an attempt to reduce the retention and permeation of the deuterium. The copper-coated stainless steel was not successful in reducing the retention and permeation, however the nickel coated stainless steel reduced both the retention and permeation substantially. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hertz, KL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9402, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM klhertz@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 215 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01712-9 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 766XJ UT WOS:000188400400018 ER PT J AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, T TI Exploring QCD: from LEAR to GSI SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP 03) CY MAR 03-07, 2003 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN DE QCD spectroscopy; antiproton; exotics; hybrids; glueballs; quarkonia ID MIT BAG MODEL; EXOTIC MESON PRODUCTION; FLUX-TUBE MODEL; HYBRID MESONS; 18 GEV/C; LATTICE QCD; QUARK-MODEL; CONSTITUENTS; F(0)(1500); GLUEBALLS AB In this invited contribution I briefly review some of the principal topics in hadron spectroscopy that were studied at the CERN low-energy antiproton facility LEAR, from its beginnings in the early 1980s to the present. These topics include the nature of multiquark systems, the short-ranged nuclear force, and gluonic hadrons, including glueballs and hybrids. Lessons we have learned from the LEAR program that are relevant to the future GSI project are given particular emphasis. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 6000,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barnes@mail.phy.ornl.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 214 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01759-2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 763KJ UT WOS:000188084000010 ER PT J AU Hailey, CJ Craig, WW Harrison, FA Hong, J Mori, K Koglin, J Yu, HT Ziock, KP AF Hailey, CJ Craig, WW Harrison, FA Hong, J Mori, K Koglin, J Yu, HT Ziock, KP TI Development of the gaseous antiparticle spectrometer for space-based antimatter detection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP 03) CY MAR 03-07, 2003 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN DE dark matter; antimatter; X-rays; detector ID DARK-MATTER; ANTIPROTONS AB We report progress in developing a novel antimatter detection scheme. The gaseous antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS) identifies antimatter through the characteristic X-rays emitted by antimatter when it forms exotic atoms in gases. The approach provides large area and field of view, and excellent background rejection capability. If the GAPS concept is successfully demonstrated, then it would be an ideal candidate for space-based, indirect dark matter searches. GAPS can detect antideuterons produced in neutralino annihilations. A modest GAPS experiment can detect the neutralino for all minimal SUSY models in which the neutralino mass is in the similar to50-350 GeV mass range. Underground searches, by contrast, are only sensitive to about 1/2 the SUSY parameter space in this mass range. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Coll Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hailey, CJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 214 BP 122 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.08.004 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 763KJ UT WOS:000188084000025 ER PT J AU Gehrke, RJ Aryaeinejad, R Hartwell, JK Yoon, WY Reber, E Davidson, JR AF Gehrke, RJ Aryaeinejad, R Hartwell, JK Yoon, WY Reber, E Davidson, JR TI The gamma-ray spectrum of Cf-252 and the information contained within it SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg DE Cf-252; Ge gamma-ray spectrometry; Cf-252 gamma-ray spectrum; independent; cumulative gamma-ray fission product yields AB We identify the information contained within a Cf-252 gamma-ray spectrum and discuss the spectral differences between freshly prepared and decayed sources. From this study we have developed gamma-ray spectrometry methods and procedures that can be applied for determining the Cf-252 activity and its fission product gamma-ray yields from spontaneous fission and consequent beta decay. We present a method to derive the age of the Cf-252 since it was chemically purified based on grow in of the fission product Cs-137. Measurement of the abundances of other californium isotopes in the source is described. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gehrke, RJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Reber, Edward/B-4742-2017 OI Reber, Edward/0000-0001-8959-5570 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01526-X PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700003 ER PT J AU Forster, RA Cox, LJ Barrett, RF Booth, TE Briesmeister, JF Brown, FB Bull, JS Geisler, GC Goorley, JT Mosteller, RD Post, SE Prael, RE Selcow, EC Sood, A AF Forster, RA Cox, LJ Barrett, RF Booth, TE Briesmeister, JF Brown, FB Bull, JS Geisler, GC Goorley, JT Mosteller, RD Post, SE Prael, RE Selcow, EC Sood, A TI MCNP (TM) Version 5 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg AB The Monte Carlo transport workhorse, MCNP [Los Alamos National Laboratory report LA-13709-M, 2000], is undergoing a massive renovation at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in support of the Eolus Project of the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI) Program. MCNP 1 Version 5 (V5) (expected to be released to RSICC in Fall 2002) will consist of a major restructuring from FORTRAN-77 (with extensions) to ANSI-standard FORTRAN90 [American National Standard for Programming Language - Fortran-Extended, ANSI X3. 198-1992, 1992] with support for all of the features available in the present release (MCNP-4C2/4C3). To most users, the look-and-feel of MCNP will not change much except for the improvements (improved graphics, easier installation, better online documentation). For example, even with the major format change, full support for incremental patching will still be provided. In addition to the language and style updates, MCNP V5 will have various new user features. These include improved photon physics, neutral particle radiography, enhancements and additions to variance reduction methods, new source options, improved parallelism support (PVM, MPI, OpenMP), and new nuclear and atomic data libraries. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp X 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Forster, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp X 5, POB 1663,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01538-6 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700015 ER PT J AU Sood, A Forster, RA Adams, BJ White, MC AF Sood, A Forster, RA Adams, BJ White, MC TI Verification of the pulse height tally in MCNP 5 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg DE analytic; benchmark; pulse height; detector; code verification AB Pulse height tallies are commonly used in Monte Carlo codes to predict detailed measured photon spectra for spectrometry purposes. The pulse height tally is unique among the various tallies in MCNP. Unlike flux or current tallies, which are calculated as soon as the particle exits or collides in the cell, the entire set of tracks for a history must be completed before the pulse height tally can be made. The objective of this work was to verify the pulse height tally and prepare to verify the new MCNP 5 variance reduction features with the pulse height tally. In this paper, we give details to the analytic solution of the pulse height distribution using a modification to Shuttleworth's fictitious elements, report MCNP 5 results for the pulse height tally, energy deposited and current tallies for the problem. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Diagnost Appl Grp X5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sood, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Diagnost Appl Grp X5, POB 1663,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01598-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700030 ER PT J AU Mainardi, E Premuda, F Lee, E AF Mainardi, E Premuda, F Lee, E TI Comparison and physical interpretation of MCNP and TART neutron and gamma Monte Carlo shielding calculations for a heavy-ion ICF system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg DE heavy-ion inertial fusion energy; heavy-ion final focus system; models for Monte Carlo neutronic calculations; energy deposited by neutrons and photons; shielding for neutrons and photons; damage to superconducting magnets AB Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) aims to induce implosions of D-T pellets to obtain a extremely dense and hot plasma with lasers or heavy-ion beams. For heavy-ion fusion (HIF), recent research has focused on "liquid-protected" designs that allow highly compact target chambers. In the design of a reactor such as HYLIFE-II [Fus. Techol. 25 (1984); HYLIFE-II Progress Report, UCID-21816, 4.82-100], the liquid used is a molten salt made of F-10, Li-6, Li-7, Be-9 (called flibe). Flibe allows the final-focus magnets to be closer to the target, which helps to reduce the focus spot size and in turn the size of the driver, with a large reduction of the cost of HIF electricity. Consequently the superconducting coils of the magnets closer to the D-T neutron source will potentially suffer higher damage though they can stand only a certain amount of energy deposited before quenching. This work has been primarily focusing on verifying that total energy deposited by fusion neutrons and induced gamma rays remain under such limit values and the final purpose is the optimization of the shielding of the magnetic lens system from the points of view of the geometrical configuration and of the physical nature of the materials adopted. The system is analyzed in terms of six geometrical models going from simplified up to much more realistic representations of a system of 192 beam lines, each focused by six magnets. A 3-D transport calculation of the radiation penetrating through ducts, that takes into account the complexity of the system, requires Monte Carlo methods. The technical nature of the design problem and the methodology followed were presented in a previous paper [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 464 (2001) 410] by summarizing briefly the results for the deposited energy distribution on the six focal magnets of a beam line. Now a comparison of the performances of the two codes TART98 [TART98: A Coupled Neutron-Photon 3-D Combinational Geometry Monte Carlo Transport Code, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-ID-126455, Rev. 1, November, 1997] and MCNP4B [MCNP - A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 4B, La-12625-m, March 1997, Los Alamos National Laboratory] for two different configurations of the system is discussed, separating the n and gamma contributions, in the light of the physical interpretation of the results in terms of first flight and of scattered neutron fluxes, of primary gamma and of secondary gamma generated by inelastically scattered or radiatively captured neutrons. The final conclusions indicate some guidelines and suggest possible improvements for the future neutronic shielding design for a HIF facility. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, DINCE, I-00186 Rome, Italy. Univ Bologna, BINCE, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mainardi, E (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, DINCE, Cso Vittorio Emanuele 2 244, I-00186 Rome, Italy. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01602-1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700033 ER PT J AU Souto, FJ Kimpland, RH AF Souto, FJ Kimpland, RH TI Reactivity analysis of solution reactors for medical-radioisotope production SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg DE solution reactors; radioisotope production; radiolytic-gas AB One of the primary methods to produce medical isotopes, such as Mo-99, is by irradiation of uranium targets in heterogeneous reactors. Solution reactors present a potential alternative to produce medical isotopes. The medical isotope production reactor concept has been proposed to produce medical isotopes with lower uranium consumption and waste than the corresponding fuel consumption and waste in heterogeneous reactors. Commercial production of medical isotopes in solution reactors requires steady-state operation at about 200 kW. At this power regime, fuel-solution temperature increase and radiolytic-gas bubble formation introduce a negative reactivity feedback that has to be mitigated. This work analyzes the reactivity effects on the operation of solution reactors for the production of medical isotopes and provides some reactor characteristics that may mitigate the negative reactivity feedback introduced by the increase in the fuel-solution temperature and the formation of radiolytic-gas bubbles. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Souto, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS T 086, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01624-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700069 ER PT J AU Mihalczo, JT Mattingly, JK Neal, JS Mullens, JA AF Mihalczo, JT Mattingly, JK Neal, JS Mullens, JA TI NMIS plus gamma spectroscopy for attributes of HEU, PU and HE detection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg AB A combined nuclear materials identification system-gamma ray spectrometry system can be used passively to obtain the following attributes of Pu: presence, fissile mass, 240/239 ratio and metal versus oxide. This system can also be used with a small, portable, DT neutron generator to measure the attributes of highly enriched uranium (HEU): presence, fissile mass, enrichment, metal versus oxide; and detect the presence of high explosives (HE). For the passive system, time-dependent coincidence distributions can be used for the presence, fissile mass, metal versus oxide for Pu, 240/239 ratio, and gamma ray spectrometry can also be used for 240/239 ratio and presence, allowing presence and 240/239 ratio to be confirmed by two methods. For the active system with a DT neutron generator, all relevant attributes for both Pu and HEU can be determined from various features of the time-dependent coincidence distribution measurements. Active gamma ray spectrometry would determine the presence of HE. The various features of time-dependent coincidence distributions and gamma ray spectrometry that determine these attributes are discussed with some examples from previous determinations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mihalczo, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 NR 7 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01651-3 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700071 ER PT J AU Dulloo, AR Ruddy, FH Seidel, JG Lee, S Petrovic, B McIlwain, ME AF Dulloo, AR Ruddy, FH Seidel, JG Lee, S Petrovic, B McIlwain, ME TI Neutron fluence rate measurements in a PGNAA 208-liter drum assay system using silicon carbide detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg DE PGNAA; silicon carbide; neutron detection; nondestructive assay ID NONDESTRUCTIVE ASSAY AB Pulsed prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) is being implemented for the nondestructive assay (NDA) of mercury, cadmium and lead in containers of radioactive waste. A PGNAA prototype system capable of assaying 208-liter (55-gallon) drums has already been built and demonstrated. As part of the evaluation of this system, the thermal neutron fluence rate distribution in a drum containing a combustible waste surrogate was measured during PGNAA runs using a silicon carbide neutron detector. The fast charge-collection time of this detector type enabled the investigation of the neutron kinetics at various locations within the matrix during and between pulses of the system's 14-MeV neutron source. As expected, the response of a SiC detector equipped with a lithium-6 fluoride layer is dominated by thermal neutron-induced events between pulses. The measurement results showed that the thermal neutron fluence rate is relatively uniform over a radial depth of several centimeters in the matrix region that contributes a significant fraction of the prompt gamma radiation incident on the system's photon detector. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Elect Co, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Dulloo, AR (reprint author), Westinghouse Elect Co, 1332 Beulah Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01662-8 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700075 ER PT J AU English, GA Firestone, RB Perry, DL Reijonen, J Ludewigt, B Leung, KN Garabedian, G Molnar, G Revay, Z AF English, GA Firestone, RB Perry, DL Reijonen, J Ludewigt, B Leung, KN Garabedian, G Molnar, G Revay, Z TI The characterization of legacy radioactive materials by gamma spectroscopy and prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg DE neutron; gamma; spectroscopy; analysis; radioactive; chemical AB To characterize legacy radioactive materials, it is necessary to determine both the radioactive and, in the case of carrier-based materials, the stable, non-radioactive chemical constituents. Reputable process knowledge may afford some insight but, absent such information, gamma spectroscopy and (non-destructive) prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) cover essentially all of the analytical needs, with the former addressing most radionuclides with the exception of the pure beta(-)-emitters and the latter addressing the stable chemical constituents. This paper integrates both methods into a general analytical protocol based upon radioanalytical work performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and PGAA work performed collaboratively by the various groups. A new LBNL-developed neutron generator is also discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Isotope & Surface Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP English, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 51-208, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 410 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01665-3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700077 ER PT J AU Perry, DL English, GA Firestone, RB Leung, KN Reijonen, J Ludewigt, B Garabedian, G Molnar, GL Revay, Z AF Perry, DL English, GA Firestone, RB Leung, KN Reijonen, J Ludewigt, B Garabedian, G Molnar, GL Revay, Z TI The use of prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) for the analyses and characterization of materials: Photochromic materials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg DE neutron; gamma; spectroscopy; analysis; dopant; photochromic AB Neutron-induced prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) has been used to analyze model photochromic host materials that contain low concentrations of elemental dopants. Analyses are also presented for typical low concentration compounds used as dopants in inorganic photochromic materials. Elemental analytical results are given and discussed, along with sensitivity values for the appropriate elements. The significance of several of the trace metals ions found to be present in the materials is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Isotope & Surface Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Perry, DL (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 527 EP 529 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01622-7 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700102 ER PT J AU Rivard, MJ Evans, KE Leal, LC Kirk, BL AF Rivard, MJ Evans, KE Leal, LC Kirk, BL TI Selective perturbation of in vivo linear energy transfer using high-Z vaginal applicators for Cf-252 brachytherapy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Univ Bologna, Amer Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Acgy, Natl Inst Phys Matter, INFN, CNR, ENEA, EPS, ICS UNIDO, ICTP, Int Radiat Phys Soc, Italian Natl Soc Appl & Ind Math, NC State Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radioisotopes, Fdn Monte, Fdn Flaminia, Fdn CARISBO, Museum Ind Patrimony Bologna, Emilia Romagna Reg DE Brachytherapy; Cf-252; Monte Carlo; shielding material ID CANCER AB Californium-252 (Cf-252) brachytherapy sources emit both neutrons and photons, and have the potential to vastly improve the current standard-of-practice for brachytherapy. While hydrogenous materials readily attenuate the Cf-252 fission energy neutrons, high-Z materials are utilized to attenuate the Cf-252 gamma-rays. These differences in shielding materials may be exploited when treating with a vaginal applicator to possibly improve patient survival through perturbation of the in vivo linear energy transfer radiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Data & Informat Anal Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rivard, MJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 246,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2004 VL 213 BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01659-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 750WD UT WOS:000187020700123 ER PT J AU Meissner, F Morozov, VB AF Meissner, F Morozov, VB CA STAR Collaboration TI Coherent electromagnetic processes in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Structure and Interactions of the Photon CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Frascati, ITALY ID NEUTRAL RHO MESONS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; PHOTON; DISSOCIATION; COLLIDERS AB We report measurements for coherent rho(o) production, AuAu --> AuAurho(o), and coherent rho(o) and e(+)e(-) pair production accompanied by mutual nuclear Coulomb excitation, AuAu -->Au*Au*rho(o) and AuAu --> Au*Au* + e(+)e(-), in ultra-peripheral relativistic gold-gold collisions (UPC). We discuss transverse momentum, mass, and rapidity distributions. The two photon-process of e+e- pair production is an important probe of strong field QED because of the large coupling Zalpha = 0.6. At roots(NN) = 200 GeV, the e(+)e(-) production cross section agrees with lowest order QED calculations. The cross sections for coherent rho(o) production at roots(NN) = 130 and 200 GeV are in agreement with theoretical predictions. The calculations for both, coherent e(+)e(-) and rho(o) production treat nuclear excitation as independent process. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meissner, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM FMeissner@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.11.011 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 768XE UT WOS:000188595400011 ER PT J AU Lincoln, D AF Lincoln, D CA DO Collaboration TI First DO jet measurements at root s=1.96 TeV SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Structure and Interactions of the Photon CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Frascati, ITALY ID TEVATRON AB We present the first QCD measurements performed by the D empty set experiment for Fermilab's Run H. These measurements are the inclusive jet p(T) and di-jet mass cross-sections. These analyses was performed using an integrated luminosity of 34 pb(-1). Included also are comparisons to next-to-leading order QCD predictions from the JETRAD program. Within experimental uncertainties, data and theory axe in good agreement. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lincoln, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM lincoln@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.11.018 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 768XE UT WOS:000188595400018 ER PT J AU Boyd, JT AF Boyd, JT CA BaBar Collaboration TI Charmonium production at BaBar SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Structure and Interactions of the Photon CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Frascati, ITALY ID MASS AB We present three analyses on charmonium production using 89 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) collision data collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring operating at the Y(4S) at SLAC. A precise measurement of the eta(c) total width is obtained from a study of the invariant K(s)(0)K(+/-)pi(-/+) mass spectrum for a sample of eta(c) mesons produced in two-photon interactions. The total width of the J/psi meson is measured using initial state radiation e(+)e(-) --> mu(+)mu(-)gamma events. Finally branching fraction measurements for the exclusive B meson decays B-0 --> J/psip (p) over bar and B+ --> J/psip (Lambda) over bar are presented. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Boyd, JT (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, M-S 41,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boyd@slac.stanford.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.11.041 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 768XE UT WOS:000188595400041 ER PT J AU Gronberg, J AF Gronberg, J TI A photon collider experiment based on the SLC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Structure and Interactions of the Photon CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Frascati, ITALY AB Technology for a photon collider experiment at a future TeV-scale linear collider has been under development for many years. The laser and optics technology has reached the point where a GeV-scale photon collider experiment is now feasible. We report on the photon-photon luminosities that would be achievable at a photon collider experiment based on a refurbished Stanford Linear Collider. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gronberg, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-050,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.11.063 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 768XE UT WOS:000188595400063 ER PT S AU Stoitcheva, GS Dean, DJ AF Stoitcheva, GS Dean, DJ BE Bijker, R Casten, RF Frank, A TI Shifted-contour Monte Carlo method for nuclear structure SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS, LARGE AND SMALL SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microscopic Studies of Collective Phenomena CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Morelos, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, SMF, Div Fis Nucl, UNAM ICN, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Delaware ID SHELL-MODEL AB We propose a new approach for alleviating the 'sign' problem in the nuclear shell model Monte Carlo method. The approach relies on modifying the integration contour of the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation to pass through an imaginary stationary point in the auxiliary-field associated with the Hartree-Fock density. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoitcheva, GS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stoitchevags@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0207-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 726 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBB45 UT WOS:000224546400011 ER PT S AU Papenbrock, T AF Papenbrock, T BE Bijker, R Casten, RF Frank, A TI Nuclear shell model frontiers SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS, LARGE AND SMALL SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microscopic Studies of Collective Phenomena CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Morelos, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, SMF, Div Fis Nucl, UNAM ICN, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Delaware ID MANY-BODY SYSTEMS; SPECTRA; TRUNCATION; PHYSICS AB I present two recent advances in the nuclear shell model. The first concerns the selection of the most relevant basis states out of the vast number of available configurations. Here, the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and the wave function factorization are two approaches that approximate low-lying states. The second part deals with a puzzle of the shell model itself and addresses the preponderance of spin-0 ground states in shell models with random two-body interactions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Papenbrock, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM papenbro@phy.ornl.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0207-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 726 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBB45 UT WOS:000224546400012 ER PT S AU Lister, CJ AF Lister, CJ BE Bijker, R Casten, RF Frank, A TI Proton-Neutron correlations in N=Z nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS, LARGE AND SMALL SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microscopic Studies of Collective Phenomena CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Morelos, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, SMF, Div Fis Nucl, UNAM ICN, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Delaware ID SYMMETRY ENERGY; IDENTIFICATION; STATES; T=0 AB The issue of correlations between protons and neutrons has become a major focus of nuclear structure research along the proton dripline. The strength of these correlations determined when nuclear binding ends. The correlations can have isospin T=1, just like "normal" neutron-neutron and proton-proton pairs, or have more exotic structure in a deuteron-like T=0 configuration. I will discuss ways of studying these correlations and their relative importance. Odd-odd N=Z nuclei are good laboratories for this work. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lister@anl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0207-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 726 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BBB45 UT WOS:000224546400026 ER PT B AU Brown, RA AF Brown, RA GP Oecd TI Critical paths to the post-petroleum age SO NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Information Exchange Meeting on Nuclear Production of Hydrogen CY OCT 02-03, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB World petroleum production cannot be sustained, and will begin to decline during the next ten to fifteen years. Petroleum represents 39% of US primary energy and 97% of its transportation energy. Hundred year time profiles for per capita supply were calculated for 108 possible combinations of peak production rates, peak years, field depletion rates, and population growth. An optimistic subset of assumptions produced per capita supply reductions of 17% and 45% in 2025 and 2050, respectively; a median subset increased those reductions to 31% and 64%. The energy capacity required for replacement of petroleum-based transportation energy is 312 GW(e). 515 GW(e) would be required for hydrogen production, distribution, storage, and transfer. It could be produced by 515 1 000-MW nuclear reactors or 1.72 million 1-MW wind turbines. Subsequent replacement of natural gas would increase total energy demand to 798 GW(e). Hydrogen storage as either a pressurised gas, liquid at 20K, or metallic hydride is technically feasible; however, all three pose significant practical difficulties. The impending loss of a major fraction of primary energy and essentially all transportation energy creates time- and resource-critical problems for the US and world economies. Major impacts on industry, agriculture, personal and mass transportation, and standard of living must be anticipated. Immediate action at both the national and international levels is necessary to mitigate potential effects. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10770-3 PY 2004 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1787/9789264107717-3-en PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF76 UT WOS:000222029300002 ER PT B AU Henderson, AD Pickard, PS Park, CV Kotek, JF AF Henderson, AD Pickard, PS Park, CV Kotek, JF GP Oecd TI The US department of energy's research and development plans for the use of nuclear energy for hydrogen production SO NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Information Exchange Meeting on Nuclear Production of Hydrogen CY OCT 02-03, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The potential of hydrogen as a transportation fuel and for stationary power applications has generated significant interest in the United States. President George W. Bush has set the transition to a "hydrogen economy" as one of the Administration's highest priorities. A key element of an environmentally-conscious transition to hydrogen is the development of hydrogen production technologies that do not emit greenhouse gases or other air pollutants. The Administration is investing in the development of several technologies, including hydrogen production through the use of renewable fuels, fossil fuels with carbon sequestration, and nuclear energy. The US Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology initiated the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative to develop hydrogen production cycles that use nuclear energy. The Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative has completed a Nuclear Hydrogen R&D Plan to identify candidate technologies, assess their viability, and define the R&D required to enable the demonstration of nuclear hydrogen production by 2016. This paper gives a brief overview of the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative, describes the purposes of the Nuclear Hydrogen R&D Plan, explains the methodology followed to prepared the plan, presents the results, and discusses the path forward for the US programme to develop technologies which use nuclear energy to produce hydrogen. C1 US DOE, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Germantown, MD USA. RP Henderson, AD (reprint author), US DOE, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Germantown, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10770-3 PY 2004 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1787/9789264107717-6-en PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF76 UT WOS:000222029300005 ER PT B AU Doctor, RD Matonis, DT Wade, DC AF Doctor, RD Matonis, DT Wade, DC GP Oecd TI Hydrogen generation using a calcium-bromine thermochemical water-splitting cycle SO NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Information Exchange Meeting on Nuclear Production of Hydrogen CY OCT 02-03, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID INSULATION; PLASMA AB The Secure Transportable Autonomous (STAR-H2) project is part of the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) to develop Generation IV (Gen IV) nuclear reactors that will supply high-temperature (over 1 100K; 800degreesC) heat. The goal of NERI is to develop an economical, proliferation-resistant, sustainable, nuclear-based energy supply system based on a modular-sized fast reactor that is passively safe and cooled with heavy liquid metal. STAR-H2 consists of the following: A 400-MWThermal reactor with Pb as the primary coolant; Exchange of primary Pb coolant for a salt heat transfer pipe; Exchange of salt for steam; A combined thermochemical water-splitting cycle to generate hydrogen; A CO2 Brayton cycle to generate electricity (eta = 47%), and An optional capability to produce potable water from brackish or salt water. Here we review the thermodynamic basis for a three-stage calcium-bromine (Ca-Br) water-splitting cycle. The research builds upon pioneering work on the four-stage University of Tokyo Cycle #3 (UT--3) process, but employs a plasma-chemical stage for the recovery of HBr as H-2 and Br-2 as a substitute for the final two stages of UT-3. A detailed process design, developed by using the ASPEN model, suggests that the practical efficiency is 39-45% for the STAR-H2 Ca-Br cycle. For each tonne of H-2 produced hourly (1000 kg/h), the demand for electricity for the plasma-chemical stage (13.5 MWe) is much lower than the demand (28.5 MWe) for a steam-electrolysis system. At current power grid heat-to-electricity efficiencies (eta = 33%), there is a clear benefit for using the STAR-H2 Ca-Br cycle. Anticipating Brayton cycle performance (eta = 47%), H-2 production will demand a total power of 74 MWThermal per tonne of H-2 from the Gen IV reactor. It is important to recognise that there are capital and operating cost tradeoffs that will depend on the market value of low-carbon electricity in the future. Steam-electrolysis is a far less complex cycle than Ca-Br, but that simplicity comes at a high - and potentially uneconomical - cost for electric power. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doctor, RD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10770-3 PY 2004 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1787/9789264107717-10-en PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF76 UT WOS:000222029300009 ER PT B AU Lewis, MA Serban, M Basco, JK AF Lewis, MA Serban, M Basco, JK GP Oecd TI Hydrogen production at < 550 degrees C using a low temperature thermochemical cycle SO NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Information Exchange Meeting on Nuclear Production of Hydrogen CY OCT 02-03, 2003 CL Argonne, IL SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB A Department of Energy goal is to identify new technologies for producing hydrogen cost effectively without greenhouse gas emissions. Thermochemical cycles are one of the potential options under investigation. Thermochemical cycles consist of a series of reactions in which water is thermally decomposed and all other chemicals are recycled. Only heat and water are consumed. However, most thermochemical cycles require process heat at temperatures of 850-900degreesC. Argonne National Laboratory is developing low temperature cycles designed for lower temperature heat, 500-550degreesC, which is more readily available. For this temperature region, copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycles are the most promising cycle. Several Cu-Cl cycles have been examined in the laboratory and the most promising cycle has been identified. Proof-of-principle experiments are nearly complete. A preliminary assessment of cycle efficiency is promising. Details of the experiments and efficiency calculations are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10770-3 PY 2004 BP 145 EP 156 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF76 UT WOS:000222029300011 ER EF