FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Buonassisi, T Heuer, M Vyvenko, OF Istratov, AA Weber, ER Cai, Z Lai, B Ciszek, TF Schindler, R AF Buonassisi, T Heuer, M Vyvenko, OF Istratov, AA Weber, ER Cai, Z Lai, B Ciszek, TF Schindler, R TI Applications of synchrotron radiation X-ray techniques on the analysis of the behavior of transition metals in solar cells and single-crystalline silicon with extended defects SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-22) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL UNIV AARHUS, AARHUS, DENMARK HO UNIV AARHUS DE multicrystalline silicon; transition metals; solar cells; x-ray fluorescence ID MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON; DIFFUSION AB A high flux, non-destructive X-ray synchrotron-based technique, X-ray fluorescence microscopy (mu-XRF), is able to detect metal precipitates as small as a few tens of nanometers in diameter within a silicon matrix, with micron-scale spatial resolution. When this technique is combined with the X-ray beam-induced current (XBIC) technique, one can acquire, in situ, complementary information about the elemental nature of transition metal precipitates and their recombination activity. Additionally, X-ray absorption microspectroscopy (mu-XAS) analyses yield information about the local environment of the impurity atoms and their chemical state. Model defect structures and photovoltaic-grade multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) were studied using these techniques, and the effect of transition metal clusters on the electrical properties of good and bad regions of mc-Si are discussed in detail. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. RP Buonassisi, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM buonassi@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012; Vyvenko, Oleg/I-6539-2013 OI Vyvenko, Oleg/0000-0001-6077-3679 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 340 BP 1137 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.09.099 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 765TR UT WOS:000188300200240 ER PT J AU Chow, KH Salman, Z Kiefl, RF MacFarlane, WA Levy, CDP Amaudruz, P Baartman, R Chakhalian, J Daviel, S Hirayama, Y Hatakeyama, A Arseneau, DJ Hitti, B Kreitzman, SR Morris, GD Poutissou, R Reynard, E AF Chow, KH Salman, Z Kiefl, RF MacFarlane, WA Levy, CDP Amaudruz, P Baartman, R Chakhalian, J Daviel, S Hirayama, Y Hatakeyama, A Arseneau, DJ Hitti, B Kreitzman, SR Morris, GD Poutissou, R Reynard, E TI The new beta-NMR facility at TRIUMF and applications in semiconductors SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-22) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL UNIV AARHUS, AARHUS, DENMARK HO UNIV AARHUS DE beta-NMR; nuclear magnetic resonance; radioactive ion beams; nuclear probes ID GAAS; LI AB A new facililty for conducting beta-detected nuclear magnetic resonance (beta-NMR) investigations of condensed matter systems has recently been constucted at TriUniversity Meson Facility in Vancouver, Canada. The unique features of this new facility are described, and some preliminary results on Li-8(+) in GaAs are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chow, KH (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. EM kimchow@phys.ualberta.ca RI Salman, Zaher/A-5696-2008; Baartman, Richard/I-8146-2012; Hatakeyama, Atsushi/E-6810-2013; Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015 OI Salman, Zaher/0000-0002-3431-8135; Hatakeyama, Atsushi/0000-0002-0196-0375; NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 340 BP 1151 EP 1154 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.09.101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 765TR UT WOS:000188300200243 ER PT J AU Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Ganti, MS Gutierrez, TD Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Rykov, V Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, HY Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Ganti, MS Gutierrez, TD Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Rykov, V Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, HY Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Pion-kaon correlations in central Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB Pion-kaon correlation functions are constructed from central Au+Au STAR data taken at roots(NN)=130 GeV by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The results suggest that pions and kaons are not emitted at the same average space-time point. Space-momentum correlations, i.e., transverse flow, lead to a space-time emission asymmetry of pions and kaons that is consistent with the data. This result provides new independent evidence that the system created at RHIC undergoes a collective transverse expansion. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez, Czech Republic. Lab High Energy JINR, Dubna, Russia. Particle Phys Lab JINR, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, Peoples R China. Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RI Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014 OI Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; NR 24 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 262302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.262302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300015 ER PT J AU Adams, J Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Corral, MM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grachov, O Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gushin, E Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Thompson, M Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Vander Molen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Wang, F Wang, Y Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Corral, MM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grachov, O Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gushin, E Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Thompson, M Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Vander Molen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Wang, F Wang, Y Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Three-pion Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the STAR experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY AB Data from the first physics run at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV, have been analyzed by the STAR Collaboration using three-pion correlations with charged pions to study whether pions are emitted independently at freeze-out. We have made a high-statistics measurement of the three-pion correlation function and calculated the normalized three-particle correlator to obtain a quantitative measurement of the degree of chaoticity of the pion source. It is found that the degree of chaoticity seems to increase with increasing particle multiplicity. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Lab High Energy JINR, Dubna, Russia. Particle Phys Lab JINR, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 30079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RI Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Grachov, Oleg/0000-0002-4294-9025 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 262301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.262301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300014 PM 14754043 ER PT J AU Bitter, M Gu, MF Vainshtein, LA Beiersdorfer, P Bertschinger, G Marchuk, O Bell, R LeBlanc, B Hill, KW Johnson, D Roquemore, L AF Bitter, M Gu, MF Vainshtein, LA Beiersdorfer, P Bertschinger, G Marchuk, O Bell, R LeBlanc, B Hill, KW Johnson, D Roquemore, L TI New benchmarks from tokamak experiments for theoretical calculations of the dielectronic satellite spectra of heliumlike ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; N = 2; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; RESONANCE LINES; HIGH-DENSITY; PLASMAS; TRANSITIONS; NICKEL; ARGON AB Dielectronic satellite spectra of heliumlike argon, recorded with a high-resolution x-ray crystal spectrometer at the National Spherical Torus Experiment, were found to be inconsistent with existing predictions resulting in unacceptable values for the power balance and suggesting the unlikely existence of non-Maxwellian electron energy distributions. These problems were resolved with calculations from a new atomic code. It is now possible to perform reliable electron-temperature measurements and to eliminate the uncertainties associated with determinations of non-Maxwellian distributions. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasmaphys, Julich, Germany. RP Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Vainshtein, Leonid/N-5038-2015 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 265001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.265001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300029 PM 14754058 ER PT J AU Bohn, CL Sideris, IV AF Bohn, CL Sideris, IV TI Fluctuations do matter: Large noise-enhanced halos in charged-particle beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; CORE AB The formation of beam halos has customarily been described in terms of a particle-core model in which the space-charge field of the oscillating core drives particles to large amplitudes. This model involves parametric resonance and predicts a hard upper bound to the orbital amplitude of the halo particles. We show that the presence of colored noise due to space-charge fluctuations and/or machine imperfections can eject particles to much larger amplitudes than would be inferred from parametric resonance alone. C1 No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Bohn, CL (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 264801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.264801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300028 PM 14754057 ER PT J AU Budker, D Stalnaker, JE AF Budker, D Stalnaker, JE TI Magnetoelectric Jones dichroism in atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENTS; BIREFRINGENCE; PHYSICS AB The authors suggest that atomic experiments measuring the interference between magnetic-dipole and electric-field-induced electric-dipole transition amplitudes provide a valuable system to study magnetoelectric Jones effects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 263901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.263901 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300022 PM 14754051 ER PT J AU Demsar, J Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ Kabanov, VV Kang, WN Kim, HJ Choi, EM Lee, SI AF Demsar, J Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ Kabanov, VV Kang, WN Kim, HJ Choi, EM Lee, SI TI Pair-breaking and superconducting state recovery dynamics in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLE; ORIGIN; MODEL; HEAT AB We present studies of the photoexcited quasiparticle dynamics in MgB2 where, using femtosecond optical techniques, Cooper pair-breaking dynamics (PBD) have been temporally resolved for the first time. The PBD are strongly temperature and photoexcitation intensity dependent. Analysis of the PBD using the Rothwarf-Taylor equations suggests that the anomalous PBD arises from the fact that in MgB2 photoexcitation is initially followed by energy relaxation to high frequency phonons instead of, as commonly assumed, e-e thermalization. Furthermore, the bare quasiparticle recombination rate and the probability for pair breaking by phonons have been determined. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Superconduct, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; NR 32 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 267002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.267002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300051 PM 14754080 ER PT J AU Kappenberger, P Martin, S Pellmont, Y Hug, HJ Kortright, JB Hellwig, O Fullerton, EE AF Kappenberger, P Martin, S Pellmont, Y Hug, HJ Kortright, JB Hellwig, O Fullerton, EE TI Direct imaging and determination of the uncompensated spin density in exchange-biased CoO/(CoPt) multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPINS; BILAYERS; ANISOTROPY; COO AB Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements were performed on an exchange-biased CoO/(CoPt) multilayer sample at 7.5 K. Applying an external magnetic field of up to 7 T saturates the ferromagnetic layer and the remaining uncompensated antiferromagnetic spins at the antiferromagnet-ferromagnet interfaces are imaged with high lateral resolution. The coupling between the uncompensated spins and the spins in the ferromagnet are found to be antiferromagnetic. Quantitative analysis of the MFM images revealed that 7% of the spins at the interface are uncompensated and contribute to the exchange biasing. C1 Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Kappenberger, P (reprint author), Univ Basel, Inst Phys, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 20 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 267202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.267202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300054 PM 14754083 ER PT J AU Lee, GD Wang, CZ Yu, JJ Yoon, E Ho, KM AF Lee, GD Wang, CZ Yu, JJ Yoon, E Ho, KM TI Heat-induced transformation of nanodiamond into a tube-shaped fullerene: A molecular dynamics simulation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERSTELLAR DIAMONDS; SPECTROSCOPY; METEORITES; CARBON AB Heat-induced structural transformation in nanodiamond of diameter similar to1.4 nm is investigated by tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations using the environment-dependent tight-binding carbon potential. The nanodiamond is found to transform into a tube-shaped fullerene via annealing. Three interesting mechanisms for promoting inner carbon atoms of the nanodiamond into the surface carbon atoms of the tubular structure are observed. The "flow-out" mechanism prevails at temperatures lower than 2500 K and the "direct adsorption" and "push-out" mechanisms are observed at higher temperatures. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, ISRC, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RI Lee, Gun-Do/L-1259-2013 OI Lee, Gun-Do/0000-0001-8328-8625 NR 13 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 265701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.265701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300039 PM 14754068 ER PT J AU Militzer, B Gygi, F Galli, G AF Militzer, B Gygi, F Galli, G TI Structure and bonding of dense liquid oxygen from first principles simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; HIGH-PRESSURE; EPSILON-PHASE; SOLID OXYGEN; GPA; TRANSITION; MOLECULES; NITROGEN AB Using first principles simulations we have investigated the structural and bonding properties of dense fluid oxygen up to 180 GPa. We have found that band gap closure occurs in the molecular liquid, with a "slow" transition from a semiconducting to a poor metallic state occurring over a wide pressure range. At approximately 80 GPa, molecular dissociation is observed in the metallic fluid. Spin fluctuations play a key role in determining the electronic structure of the low pressure fluid, while they are suppressed at high pressure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Militzer, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 265503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.265503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300035 PM 14754064 ER PT J AU Persson, C Zunger, A AF Persson, C Zunger, A TI Anomalous grain boundary physics in polycrystalline CuInSe2: The existence of a hole barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; JUNCTION FORMATION; NA; HETEROJUNCTIONS; DEPLETION; SILICON; SURFACE; MODEL AB First-principles modeling of grain boundaries (GB) in CuInSe2 semiconductors reveals that an energetic barrier exists for holes arriving from the grain interior (GI) to the GB. Consequently, the absence of holes inside the GB prevents GB electrons from recombining. At the same time, the GI is purer in polymaterials than in single crystals, since impurities segregated to the GBs. This explains the puzzle of the superiority of polycrystalline CuInSe2 solar cells over their crystalline counterpart. We identify a simple and universal mechanism for the barrier, arising from reduced p-d repulsion due to Cu-vacancy surface reconstruction. This discovery opens up possibilities for the future design of superior polycrystalline devices. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 36 TC 205 Z9 207 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 266401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.266401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300044 PM 14754073 ER PT J AU Sher, A Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Bergman, DR Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, S Fischer, H Herold, W Issakov, VV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Ma, H Majid, W Pislak, S Poblaguev, AA Rehak, P Sher, A Thompson, JA Truol, P Zeller, ME AF Sher, A Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Bergman, DR Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, S Fischer, H Herold, W Issakov, VV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Ma, H Majid, W Pislak, S Poblaguev, AA Rehak, P Sher, A Thompson, JA Truol, P Zeller, ME TI High statistics measurement of the K+->pi(0)e(+)nu (Ke3(+)) branching ratio SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; DECAYS; K+ AB E865 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS collected about 70 000 K-e3(+) events to measure the K-e3(+) branching ratio relative to the observed K+-->pi(+)pi(0), K+-->pi(0)mu(+)nu, and K+-->pi(+)pi(0)pi(0) decays. The pi(0) in all the decays was detected using the e(+)e(-) pair from pi(0)-->e(+)e(-)gamma decay and no photons were required. Using the 2002 Particle Data Group branching ratios for the normalization decays, we obtain BR(K-e3(gamma)(+))=(5.13+/-0.02(stat)+/-0.09(syst)+/-0.04(norm))%, where K-e3(gamma)(+) includes the effect of virtual and real photons. This result is approximate to2.3sigma higher than the current Particle Data Group value. Implications for the V-us element of the CKM matrix, and the matrix's unitarity are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Sher, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, SCIPP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Lichard, Peter/A-4459-2010 OI Lichard, Peter/0000-0003-1581-8545 NR 17 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 261802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.261802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300011 PM 14754040 ER PT J AU Vetter, PA Freedman, SJ AF Vetter, PA Freedman, SJ TI Search for CPT-odd decays of positronium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAMMASPHERE; VIOLATION; SPIN AB We have limited a CPT-violating correlation in annihilations of polarized ortho-positronium. We searched for an asymmetry in the triple correlation (s) over right arrow . ((k) over right arrow (1) x (k) over right arrow (2)) where (k) over right arrow (1) and (k) over right arrow (2) are the two largest photon momenta, and (s) over right arrow is the spin of the positronium. Using the Gammasphere array of Compton-suppressed high-purity germanium detectors, we detected 2.65x10(7) events of ortho-Ps annihilation. The amplitude of a CPT-violating asymmetry in the data set is found to be 0.0026+/-0.0031, a factor of 6 smaller than previous experiments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vetter, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 263401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.263401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300020 PM 14754049 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Almer, J Liu, CT Wang, YD Zhao, JK Stoica, AD Haeffner, DR Wang, WH AF Wang, XL Almer, J Liu, CT Wang, YD Zhao, JK Stoica, AD Haeffner, DR Wang, WH TI In situ synchrotron study of phase transformation behaviors in bulk metallic glass by simultaneous diffraction and small angle scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; ATOMIC TRANSPORT; AMORPHOUS ALLOY; CRYSTALLIZATION; NANOCRYSTALLIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; DIFFUSION; ZR41.2TI13.8CU12.5NI10BE22.5; NANOINDENTATION; TEMPERATURE AB We have used a new approach involving simultaneous diffraction and small angle scattering to study the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation in Zr-based bulk metallic glass. In situ, time-resolved data provided the first direct demonstration of a phase separation prior to crystallization. There is evidence that nucleation and growth of the crystalline phase occur in separate stages, with different kinetics. Our data support the view that crystalline nucleation is achieved via short-range diffusion of small atoms (e.g., Ni), whereas the growth is dictated by long-range diffusion. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Zhao, Jinkui/B-7872-2013; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Zhao, Jinkui/0000-0002-7756-1952; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 32 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 26 AR 265501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.265501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759BY UT WOS:000187719300033 PM 14754062 ER PT J AU Duff, AP Cohen, AE Ellis, PJ Kuchar, JA Langley, DB Shepard, EM Dooley, DM Freeman, HC Guss, JM AF Duff, AP Cohen, AE Ellis, PJ Kuchar, JA Langley, DB Shepard, EM Dooley, DM Freeman, HC Guss, JM TI The crystal structure of Pichia pastoris lysyl oxidase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COPPER AMINE OXIDASE; QUINONE COFACTOR; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; HANSENULA-POLYMORPHA; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOGENESIS; RESOLUTION; TOPAQUINONE AB Pichia pastoris lysyl oxidase (PPLO) is unique among the structurally characterized copper amine oxidases in being able to oxidize the side chain of lysine residues in polypeptides. Remarkably, the yeast PPLO is nearly as effective in oxidizing a mammalian tropoelastin substrate as is a true mammalian lysyl oxidase isolated from bovine aorta. Thus, PPLO is functionally related to the copper-containing lysyl oxidases despite the lack of any significant sequence similarity with these enzymes. The structure of PPLO has been determined at 1.65 Angstrom resolution. PPLO is a homodimer in which each subunit contains a Type II copper atom and a topaquinone cofactor (TPQ) formed by the posttranslational modification of a tyrosine residue. While PPLO has tertiary and quaternary topologies similar to those found in other quinone-containing copper amine oxidases, its active site is substantially more exposed and accessible. The structural elements that are responsible for the accessibility of the active site are identified and discussed. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Mol & Microbial Biosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Dooley, DM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Mol & Microbial Biosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Guss, Jules/B-1283-2009; Langley, David/B-1861-2009; OI Langley, David/0000-0003-2752-0041; Guss, Mitchell/0000-0003-4259-6079 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM27659] NR 45 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 51 BP 15148 EP 15157 DI 10.1021/bi035338v PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 758LB UT WOS:000187634900017 PM 14690425 ER PT J AU Cherian, S Gupta, RK Mullin, BC Thundat, T AF Cherian, S Gupta, RK Mullin, BC Thundat, T TI Detection of heavy metal ions using protein-functionalized microcantilever sensors SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biosensors; microcantilever; heavy metal ions detection; metallohistins ID INDUCED SURFACE STRESS; FORCE MICROSCOPE; CANTILEVER ARRAY; MONOLAYER FILMS; ADSORPTION; BINDING; CA2+; GOLD AB Microcantilevers functionalized with metal-binding protein, AgNt84-6, are demonstrated to be sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions like Hg2+ and Zn2+. AgNt84-6, a protein that has the ability to bind multiple atoms of Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ was attached to the gold-coated side of silicon nitride cantilevers via linker groups. Upon exposure to 0.1 mM HgCl2 and 0.1 mM ZnCl2 solutions, the microcantilevers underwent bending corresponding to an expanding gold side. Exposure to a 0.1 mM solution of MnCl2 solution did not result in a similar bending indicating a weak or no interaction of Mn2+ ions with the AgNt84-6 protein. The microcantilever bending data were consistent with data from electrophoresis carried out on SDS-PAGE gels containing metal ions that showed protein interaction with Zn2+ ions but not with Mn2+ ions. Thus, we demonstrate that microcantilever bending can be used to discriminate between metal ions that bind and do not bind to AgNt84-6 protein in real time. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Bot, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Delhi, RLA Coll, Dept Microbiol, New Delhi, India. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 4500S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 32 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00226-4 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 750RJ UT WOS:000187011000001 PM 14623464 ER PT J AU Hlavacek, WS Faeder, JR Blinov, ML Perelson, AS Goldstein, B AF Hlavacek, WS Faeder, JR Blinov, ML Perelson, AS Goldstein, B TI The complexity of complexes in signal transduction SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multivalent binding; regulated recruitment; receptor; signal transduction; mathematical model ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; FC-EPSILON-RI; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; T-CELL-ACTIVATION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; HISTAMINE-RELEASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BIVALENT LIGANDS AB Many activities of cells are controlled by cell-surface receptors, which in response to ligands, trigger intracellular signaling reactions that elicit cellular responses. A hallmark of these signaling reactions is the reversible nucleation of multicomponent complexes, which typically begin to assemble when ligand-receptor binding allows an enzyme, often a kinase, to create docking sites for signaling molecules through chemical modifications, such as tyrosine phosphorylation. One function of such docking sites is the co-localization of enzymes with their substrates, which can enhance both enzyme activity and specificity. The directed assembly of complexes can also influence the sensitivity of cellular responses to ligand-receptor binding kinetics and determine whether a cellular response is up- or downregulated in response to a ligand stimulus. The full functional implications of ligand-stimulated complex formation are difficult to discern intuitively. Complex formation is governed by conditional interactions among multivalent signaling molecules and influenced by quantitative properties of both the components in a system and the system itself. Even a simple list of the complexes that can potentially form in response to a ligand stimulus is problematic because of the number of ways signaling molecules can be modified and combined. Here, we review the role of multicomponent complexes in signal transduction and advocate the use of mathematical models that incorporate detail at the level of molecular domains to study this important aspect of cellular signaling. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp T10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hlavacek, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp T10, Mail Stop K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM35556] NR 100 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 84 IS 7 BP 783 EP 794 DI 10.1002/bit.10842 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 758KX UT WOS:000187634500008 PM 14708119 ER PT J AU Fallon, SJ Guilderson, TP Caldeira, K AF Fallon, SJ Guilderson, TP Caldeira, K TI Carbon isotope constraints on vertical mixing and air-sea CO2 exchange SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION CORAL RECORD; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BOMB RADIOCARBON; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN; C-14; WATER; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; DELTA-C-13 AB We have developed a similar to45 year carbon isotope record (delta(13)C, Delta(14)C) from the coralline sponge Acanthochaetetes wellsi from Vanuatu in an effort to examine air-sea CO2 exchange using both the delta(13)C Suess effect and the bomb-C-14 transient. From 1953 to 1999 delta(13)C decreased by 0.9%. Pre-bomb Delta(14)C is -59%, consistent with coral based estimates from the same region and the post-bomb maximum (+121%) is achieved in 1973. A 1-D box-diffusion model was employed to quantify vertical diffusivity and air-sea exchange rates. The model suggests that a low vertical diffusion rate (0.1 cm(2) s(-1)) coupled with a moderate CO2 exchange rate produces the overall observed shape of the pre-post bomb Delta(14)C record and the general large scale features of the delta(13)C time series. These parameters are on the low end of values used in ocean-carbon GCMs but are consistent with microscale tracer experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Fallon, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM fallon4@lnll.gov RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 24 AR 2289 DI 10.1029/2003GL018049 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 761HX UT WOS:000187896400001 ER PT J AU Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT AF Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT TI Fermion masses and mixing and CP-violation in SO(10) models with family symmetries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Review DE Fermion masses; grand unification; CP violation ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATIONS; SMALL EXTRA DIMENSION; U(2) FLAVOR SYMMETRY; DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; NEUTRINO MASS; PROTON-DECAY; SUPERSYMMETRIC SO(10); DEGENERATE NEUTRINOS; GRAND UNIFICATION; UNIFIED THEORIES AB Several ideas for solving the problem of fermion mass hierarchy and mixing and specific supersymmetric models that realize it are reviewed. In particular, we discuss many models based on SO(10) in four dimensions combined with a family symmetry to accommodate fermion mass hierarchy and mixing, including the case of neutrinos. These models axe compared and various tests that can be used to distinguish these models are suggested. We also include a discussion of a few SO(10) models in higher space-time dimensions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM chen@quark.phy.bnl.gov; ktm@verb.colorado.edu OI Chen, Mu-Chun/0000-0002-5749-2566 NR 161 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 32 BP 5819 EP 5888 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03017026 PG 70 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769BQ UT WOS:000188606900001 ER PT J AU Henderson, BG Theiler, J Villeneuve, P AF Henderson, BG Theiler, J Villeneuve, P TI The polarized emissivity of a wind-roughened sea surface: A Monte Carlo model SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE emissivity; thermal infrared; SST; polarization ID WATER; OCEAN; WAVES; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRUM; RADIANCE; HORIZON AB We use a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model to compute the thermal-infrared emissivity of a wind-roughened sea surface. The model includes the effects of both shadowing and the reflected component of surface emission. By using Stokes vectors to quantify the radiation along a given ray path, we compute the effects of polarization as well. We separate the direct emission from surface reflections to show how each affects the nature of the emitted field. The reflected component is an important part of the radiative transfer and affects nearly 10% of the ray paths at emission angles between 60degrees and 80degrees at wind speeds greater than or equal to5 m/s, increasing the effective emissivity by as much as 0.03. The modeled emissivities agree nicely with recent sea surface emissivity measurements. We also compare the Monte Carlo results to a recently published analytic model and show that the two vary somewhat due to differences in the amount of the reflected component included in the calculations. Surface roughness has a large effect on the polarization between 60degrees and 90degrees but less so at smaller angles. Including the reflected component has a small but noticeable effect which actually enhances the degree of polarization at intermediate angles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henderson, BG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 4 BP 453 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.09.003 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 754TF UT WOS:000187347100008 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW Williams, LR Melo, DR Lipsztein, JL AF Leggett, RW Williams, LR Melo, DR Lipsztein, JL TI A physiologically based biokinetic model for cesium in the human body SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE cesium; potassium; rubidium; biokinetics; model; humans ID ELECTROGENIC SODIUM-PUMP; FROG SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SQUID GIANT AXONS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; CATION SELECTIVITY; EXTERNAL CATIONS; PRUSSIAN BLUE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; MYOCARDIAL UPTAKE; MYELINATED NERVE AB A physiologically descriptive model of the biological behavior of cesium in the human body has been constructed around a detailed blood flow model. The rate of transfer from plasma into a tissue is determined by the blood perfusion rate and the tissue-specific extraction fraction of Cs during passage from arterial to venous plasma. Information on tissue-specific extraction of Cs is supplemented with information on the Cs analogues, K and Rb, and known patterns of discrimination between these metals by tissues. The rate of return from a tissue to plasma is estimated from the relative contents of Cs in plasma and the tissue at equilibrium as estimated from environmental studies. Transfers of Cs other than exchange between plasma and tissues (e.g. secretions into the gastrointestinal tract) are based on a combination of physiological considerations and empirical data on Cs or related elements. Model predictions are consistent with the sizable database on the time-dependent distribution and retention of radiocesium in the human body. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Indiana Univ, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Nucl, Inst Radioprotecao & Dosimetria, BR-2270160 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Leggett, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rwl@ornl.gov NR 101 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 30 PY 2003 VL 317 IS 1-3 BP 235 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00333-4 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 765HP UT WOS:000188261300016 PM 14630424 ER PT J AU Li, G Shinar, J AF Li, G Shinar, J TI Combinatorial fabrication and studies of bright white organic light-emitting devices based on emission from rubrene-doped 4,4 '-bis(2,2 '-diphenylvinyl)-1,1 '-biphenyl SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; DIODES; LAYER AB Very bright and efficient white multilayer organic light-emitting devices based on orange-emitting 2-10-nm-thick layers of 0.25 and 0.5 wt % rubrene-doped 4,4'-bis(2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'biphenyl are described. The color coordinates of all but one of the devices are well within the white region at 6-12 V, corresponding to a dynamic white brightness range of 30 dB. Their highest brightness L-max was over 74 000 Cd/m(2); in all devices L-max exceeded 50 000 Cd/m(2). The maximum efficiencies were 11.0 Cd/A, 6.0 lm/W, and 4.6% at 5.8 V, 0.6 mA/cm(2), and 68 Cd/m(2) in the 0.25 wt %, 2-nm-thick doped layer device. The color variation is attributed to either emission from different zones in devices with a thin doped layer, or saturation of emission sites due to relatively light doping. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, G (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Li, Gang/A-5667-2012 OI Li, Gang/0000-0001-8399-7771 NR 13 TC 161 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5359 EP 5361 DI 10.1063/1.1635658 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757ET UT WOS:000187536400005 ER PT J AU Morral, AFI Zahler, JM Atwater, HA Ahrenkiel, SP Wanlass, MW AF Morral, AFI Zahler, JM Atwater, HA Ahrenkiel, SP Wanlass, MW TI InGaAs/InP double heterostructures on InP/Si templates fabricated by wafer bonding and hydrogen-induced exfoliation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI; SEMICONDUCTORS; GROWTH AB Hydrogen-induced exfoliation combined with wafer bonding has been used to transfer similar to600-nm-thick films of (100) InP to Si substrates. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows a transferred crystalline InP layer with no observable defects in the region near the bonded interface and an intimately bonded interface. InP and Si are covalently bonded as inferred by the fact that InP/Si pairs survived both TEM preparation and thermal cycles up to 620 degreesC necessary for metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth. The InP transferred layers were used as epitaxial templates for the growth of InP/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP double heterostructures. Photoluminescence measurements of the In0.53Ga0.47As layer show that it is optically active and under tensile strain, due to differences in the thermal expansion between InP and Si. These are promising results in terms of a future integration of Si electronics with optical devices based on InP-lattice-matched materials. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Morral, AFI (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Phys Interfaces & Couches Minces Lab, UMR 7647, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Fontcuberta i Morral, Anna/B-9884-2008 NR 11 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5413 EP 5415 DI 10.1063/1.1637429 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757ET UT WOS:000187536400023 ER PT J AU Senger, RT Bajaj, KK Jones, ED Modine, NA Waldrip, KE Jalali, F Klem, JF Peake, GM Wei, X Tozer, SW AF Senger, RT Bajaj, KK Jones, ED Modine, NA Waldrip, KE Jalali, F Klem, JF Peake, GM Wei, X Tozer, SW TI Magnetoluminescence properties of GaAsSbN/GaAs quantum well structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LASER-DIODES; GAINNAS; ALLOYS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; 1.3-MU-M; EMISSION AB We report a measurement of the variation of the diamagnetic shift of a heavy-hole exciton in a single coherently strained GaAs0.685Sb0.3N0.015/GaAs quantum well as a function of magnetic field up to 32 T at 1.3 K using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The excitons are known to be localized in this alloy system. This localization is simulated by assuming that the hole is completely immobilized, i.e., its mass is infinite. Using this model we have calculated the variation of the diamagnetic shift with magnetic field in this quantum well structure following a variational approach. We find that the observed variation of the diamagnetic shift with magnetic field agrees quite well with that calculated when the mass of the conduction electron in the well is assumed to be 0.09 m(0), about 50% larger than in GaAs0.7Sb0.3, an increase similar to that found in GaAsN for the same nitrogen composition. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP TUBITAK UEKAE, PK 74, TR-41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. EM senger@physics.emory.edu RI Senger, Tugrul/B-8207-2009 OI Senger, Tugrul/0000-0003-0800-1924 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5425 EP 5427 DI 10.1063/1.1637439 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757ET UT WOS:000187536400027 ER PT J AU Norton, DP Overberg, ME Pearton, SJ Pruessner, K Budai, JD Boatner, LA Chisholm, MF Lee, JS Khim, ZG Park, YD Wilson, RG AF Norton, DP Overberg, ME Pearton, SJ Pruessner, K Budai, JD Boatner, LA Chisholm, MF Lee, JS Khim, ZG Park, YD Wilson, RG TI Ferromagnetism in cobalt-implanted ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE ZNO; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DOPED ZNO; THIN-FILMS; ZINC-OXIDE; SEMICONDUCTORS; NANOCRYSTALS; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; ARRAYS AB The magnetic and structural properties of cobalt-implanted ZnO single crystals are reported. High-quality, (110)-oriented single-crystal Sn-doped ZnO substrates were implanted at similar to350 degreesC with Co to yield transition metal concentrations of 3-5 at. % in the near-surface (similar to2000 Angstrom) region. After implantation, the samples were subject to a 5 min rapid thermal annealing at 700 degreesC. Magnetization measurements indicate ferromagnetic behavior, with hysteresis observed in the M vs H behavior at T=5 K. Coercive fields were less than or equal to100 Oe at this measurement temperature. Temperature-dependent magnetization measurements showed evidence for ordering temperatures of >300 K, although hysteresis in the M vs H behavior was not observed at room temperature. Four-circle x-ray diffraction results indicate the presence of (110)-oriented hexagonal phase Co in the ZnO matrix. From the 2theta full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Co (110) peak, the nanocrystal size is estimated to be similar to3.5 nm, which is below the superparamagnetic limit at room temperature. In-plane x-ray diffraction results show that the nanocrystals are epitaxial with respect to the ZnO host matrix. The magnetic properties are consistent with the presence of Co nanocrystals, but do not preclude the possibility that a component of the magnetism is due to Co substitution on the Zn site in the ZnO matrix. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Pruessner, Karin/A-4949-2009; Park, Yun/A-9559-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 35 TC 213 Z9 220 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5488 EP 5490 DI 10.1063/1.1637719 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757ET UT WOS:000187536400048 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Wang, H Lee, SY Foltyn, SR Jia, QX AF Lee, JS Wang, H Lee, SY Foltyn, SR Jia, QX TI Lateral epitaxial growth of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE PHASE SHIFTERS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; STRAIN RELAXATION; INP LAYERS; DEVICES; GAAS AB We report a technique for epitaxial thin-film growth by combination of selective heteroepitaxial and lateral homoepitaxial growth. (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin films were deposited on LaAlO3 having amorphous SiOx masking layers with stripe patterns at 450 degreesC by pulsed-laser deposition. Postannealing was carried out thereafter for lateral epitaxial growth. The difference in BST nucleation temperatures from the amorphous masking regions and lattice-matched single-crystalline substrates enables selective nucleation. Heteroepitaxial growth takes place in the regions of single-crystalline substrates, whereas lateral homoepitaxial growth evolves from the crystallized BST towards the SiOx masked region during postannealing process. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lee, Jang-Sik/A-6629-2008; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Lee, Jang-Sik/0000-0002-1096-1783; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5494 EP 5496 DI 10.1063/1.1637445 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757ET UT WOS:000187536400050 ER PT J AU Li, B Corbett, JD AF Li, B Corbett, JD TI Synthesis and characterization of the new cluster phase K(39)In(80). Three K-In compounds with remarkably specific and transferable cation dispositions SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METALLIC ZINTL PHASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INTERMETALLIC PHASES; INDIUM CLUSTER; NETWORK; CHEMISTRY; GALLIUM; FRAMEWORKS; ELEMENTS; K8IN11 AB The titled compound K(39)In(80) (Pearson symbol hP238) has been synthesized by fusion of the elements in stoichiometric proportions in Nb containers. The trigonal structure was established by single-crystal X-ray means (P3m1, Z = 2, a = b =17.211(2) Angstrom, c = 28.888(6) Angstrom). The crystal structure can be described as a three-dimensional indium network composed of five kinds of clusters: three types of empty In(12) icosahedra with different exo-bonding and symmetry, A (12 exo-bonds, 3m), B (12 exo-bonds, 3m), and C (6 exo-bonds, 3m); an In(16) icosioctahedron centered by a tetrahedral In atom (D, 3m); and a rather open In(15) spacer (E, 3m). This new intermediate lies between K(17)In(41) and K(22)In(39). Remarkably specific and transferable potassium dispositions about each cluster anion occur in the title compound as well as in K(17)In(41) and K(22)In(39). This characteristic makes it easier to understand the structural relationships among these three compounds, which all exhibit a common K(136) clathrate-II network of alkali metal atoms that are stuffed by cluster anions. The presence of the regular cation positions is probably decisive for the formation of all three structures. The title compound is metallic. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jdc@ameslab.gov NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 26 BP 8768 EP 8772 DI 10.1021/ic030201e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 759LX UT WOS:000187740100027 PM 14686856 ER PT J AU Granja, C Pospisil, S Telezhnikov, SA Chrien, RE AF Granja, C Pospisil, S Telezhnikov, SA Chrien, RE TI Levels of Gd-159 populated in average resonance neutron capture SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Gd-158(n,gamma), E = resonance; measured E gamma, 1 gamma; Gd-159 deduced levels, J, pi, transition intensities and multipolarities, resonance features, level density; average resonance capture; pair spectrometer ID SPACING DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATIVE STRENGTH; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; GAMMA-RAYS; DENSITIES; STATES AB The primary gamma-rays and energy levels in Gd-159 were investigated in average resonance neutron capture using tailored neutron beams at 2 keV and 24 keV and a pair spectrometer at the high flux reactor at Brookhaven. Nearly 200 levels with spin up to (5)/(2) are reported below 3 MeV The distribution of radiative strength in this nucleus was obtained and is compared with a giant dipole resonance and single-particle strength models. The density of observed levels was determined and is described in terms of the constant temperature Fermi gas model. The neutron binding energy in Gd-159 was determined to be 5943.32(12) keV. (C) 2003 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Prague 12800 2, Czech Republic. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Granja, C (reprint author), Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Prague 12800 2, Czech Republic. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 729 IS 2-4 BP 679 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.09.009 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 753FF UT WOS:000187220900001 ER PT J AU Johnson, MB Choi, HM Kisslinger, LS AF Johnson, MB Choi, HM Kisslinger, LS TI Bubble collisions in a SU(2) model of QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE cosmology; QCD phase transition; bubble collisions ID QUARK-HADRON TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITION; FALSE VACUUM; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; PSEUDOPARTICLE; FATE AB Starting from the QCD action in an instanton-like SU(2) Yang-Mills field theory, we derive equations of motion in Minkowski space. Possible bubble collisions are studied in a 1 + 1 dimension reduction. We find gluonic structures which might give rise to CMBR effects. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM kissling@andrew.cmu.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 729 IS 2-4 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.09.012 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 753FF UT WOS:000187220900004 ER PT J AU Burvenich, TJ Madland, DG AF Burvenich, TJ Madland, DG TI A nucleonic NJL model for finite nuclei: dynamic mass generation and ground-state observables SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model; relativistic mean-field model; nuclear matter; finite nuclei ID JONA-LASINIO MODEL; FIELD-THEORY; COMPOSITE NUCLEONS; DIRAC SEA; MATTER; QCD; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAGRANGIANS; STABILITY; ANALOGY AB We test the compatibility of chiral symmetry, dynamic mass generation of the nucleon due to spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry, and the description of finite nuclear systems by employing an NJL model understood as a chiral invariant effective theory for nucleons. We apply the model to nuclear matter as well as to finite nuclei. In the latter case, the model is adjusted to nuclear ground-state observables. We treat the case of a pure chiral theory and the physically more realistic case where a portion of the nucleon mass (160 MeV) explicitly breaks chiral symmetry. The best version of this current model is found to deliver reasonably good results simultaneously for both finite nuclei and the nucleon mass, which supports our motivation of probing a link between low-momentum QCD and the nuclear many-body problem. However, the observables calculated for finite nuclei are not as good as those coming from existing relativistic mean field models without explicit chiral symmetry. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burvenich, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 729 IS 2-4 BP 769 EP 783 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.10.002 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 753FF UT WOS:000187220900006 ER PT J AU Baur, G Hencken, K Aste, A Trautmann, D Klein, SR AF Baur, G Hencken, K Aste, A Trautmann, D Klein, SR TI Multi-photon exchange processes in ultraperipheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID POSITRON PAIR PRODUCTION; MULTIPLE ELECTROMAGNETIC-EXCITATION; VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; EIKONAL APPROXIMATION; CHARGED-PARTICLES; POLARIZED PHOTONS; FIELD; DISSOCIATION; SCATTERING; COLLIDERS AB The very strong electromagnetic fields present in ultraperipheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions lead to important higher-order effects of the electromagnetic interaction. These multi-photon exchange processes are studied using perturbation theory and the sudden or Glauber approximation. In many important cases, the multi-photon amplitudes factorize into independent single-photon amplitudes. These amplitudes have a common impact parameter vector, which induces correlations between the amplitudes. Impact-parameter dependent equivalent-photon spectra for simultaneous excitation are calculated, as well as, impact-parameter dependent gammagamma-luminosities. Excitations, like the multi-phonon giant dipole resonances, vector meson production and multiple e(+)e(-)-pair production can be treated analytically in a bosonic model, analogous to the emission of soft photons in QED. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM k.hencken@unibas.ch RI Aste, Andreas/F-7065-2013 NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 729 IS 2-4 BP 787 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.09.006 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 753FF UT WOS:000187220900007 ER PT J AU Naider, F Ding, FX VerBerkmoes, NC Arshava, B Becker, JM AF Naider, F Ding, FX VerBerkmoes, NC Arshava, B Becker, JM TI Synthesis and biophysical characterization of a multidomain peptide from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae G protein-coupled receptor SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-FACTOR RECEPTOR; TRANSMEMBRANE SEGMENTS; POLYPEPTIDE FRAGMENTS; PHEROMONE RECEPTOR; DOMAIN; RHODOPSIN; LIGATION; ORIENTATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB We attached peptides corresponding to the seventh transmembrane domain (TMD7) of the alpha-mating factor receptor (Ste2p) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a hydrophilic, 40-residue fragment of the carboxyl terminus of this G protein-coupled receptor. Peptides corresponding to (a) the 40-residue portion of the carboxyl tail (T-40), (b) the tail plus a part of TMD7 (M7-12-T40), and (c) to the tail plus the full TMD7 (M7-24-T40) were chemically synthesized and purified. The molecular mass and primary sequence of these peptides were confirmed by mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry procedures. Circular dichroism (CD) revealed that T-40 was disordered in phosphate buffer and in the presence of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dimyristoylsn-glycero-3-[phospho-racemic-(1-glycerol)] bilayers. In contrast, M7-12-T40 and M7-24-T40 peptides were partially helical in the presence of vesicles, and difference CD spectroscopy showed that the transmembrane regions of these peptides were 42 and 94% helical, respectively. CD analysis also demonstrated that M7-24-T40 retained its secondary structure in the presence of 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-racemic(1-glycerol)] micelles at 0.5 mM concentration. Thus, the tail and the transmembrane domain of the multidomain 64-amino acid residue peptide manifest individual conformational preferences. Measurement of tryptophan fluorescence indicated that the transmembrane domain integrated into bilayers in a manner similar to that expected for this region in the native state of the receptor. This study demonstrated that the tail of Ste2p can be used as a hydrophilic template to study transmembrane domain structure using techniques such as CD and NMR spectroscopy. C1 CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY, Inst Macromol Assemblies, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, PhD Program Biochem & Chem, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Naider, F (reprint author), CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM naider@postbox.csi.cuny.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM22087, GM22086] NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 26 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 52 BP 52537 EP 52545 DI 10.1074/jbc.M309467200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 756LX UT WOS:000187480700070 PM 14570873 ER PT J AU LaViolette, RA Copeland, KL Pratt, LR AF LaViolette, RA Copeland, KL Pratt, LR TI Cages of water coordinating Kr in aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID HYDROPHOBIC SOLVATION DEPENDS; CHEM. B 2000; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SPATIAL DEPENDENCE; ANTI-COOPERATIVITY; SIMULATION; PROTEINS; DENATURATION; MECHANISM; PRESSURE AB Using molecular simulation and inherent structure ideas, we study the coordination number statistics for a Kr atom dissolved in liquid water with a classical force field. We quench compact Kr(H2O)(n) clusters extracted from the liquid. In order that stable cage structures enclosing the Kr atom be obtained with high probability upon quenching of the coordinating water, more water molecules than the mean liquid phase hydration number should be included. The stable enclosing cluster structures obtained here are not simply related to the cage structures of clathrate hydrates. These results confirm the central features of the coordination number distribution of the recent ab initio molecular dynamics work of Ashbaugh et al. [Biophys. Chem. 2003, 105, 321-336], and that distribution is further characterized in the wings of the previous results. In contradiction to a simple clathrate structure hypothesis, no magic number features are observed under the conditions of the present work. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP LaViolette, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 11267 EP 11270 DI 10.1021/jp0359687 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 756BX UT WOS:000187446900003 ER PT J AU Wang, BS Hou, H Yoder, LM Muckerman, JT Fockenberg, C AF Wang, BS Hou, H Yoder, LM Muckerman, JT Fockenberg, C TI Experimental and theoretical investigations on the methyl-methyl recombination reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; REACTION CH3+CH3->C2H6; TRANSITION-STATES; RATE-CONSTANT; RADICAL RECOMBINATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; FALLOFF REGION; GAS-PHASE AB The temperature and pressure dependence of the rate constant of the methyl-methyl recombination reaction with He bath gas has been studied using time-resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Methyl radicals were produced by the 193 nm laser photolysis of acetone. In the observed temperature (300-700 K) and pressure (0.6-10 Tort) range, the rate constant exhibits a negative temperature dependence and falloff behavior typical for recombination reactions. The integrity of the measurements has been validated by determining the recombination rate constant with Ar (1 Torr) as the bath gas at room temperature and by analyzing the yield of the reaction product, ethane. In addition, rate constants were calculated theoretically using variable reaction coordinate transition state theory in a manner that improves upon the previous treatment of Wagner and Wardlaw by incorporating high-level ab initio results. The calculated high-pressure rate constant can be expressed as k(infinity)(theory)(T) = 7.42 x 10(-11) (T/298 K)(-0.69) e(-88K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). With reasonable downward energy transfer parameters, the experimentally observed pressure dependence of the rate constants for Ar, He, and H-2 bath gases were reproduced very well using master equation analysis. Troe's equation, describing the T and P dependence of the recombination rate constant, was fit to a set of data for He as bath gas comprised of rate constants from this work and taken from the literature. With k(infinity)(T) set to be the high-pressure limit rate constant calculated here, the other remaining parameters can be given by k(0)(T) = 1.17 x 10(-25) (T/298 K)(-3.75) e(-494 K/T) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1) and F-cent(7) = e(-T/570K). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept 555A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fockenberg, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept 555A, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 11414 EP 11426 DI 10.1021/jp030657h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 756BX UT WOS:000187446900020 ER PT J AU Clarke, TM Gordon, KC Officer, DL Hall, SB Collis, GE Burrell, AK AF Clarke, TM Gordon, KC Officer, DL Hall, SB Collis, GE Burrell, AK TI Theoretical and spectroscopic study of a series of styryl-substituted terthiophenes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID END-CAPPED OLIGOTHIOPHENES; PI-ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION; THIOPHENE-BASED OLIGOMER; AB-INITIO; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; TORSIONAL POTENTIALS; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION AB Molecular structures of a series of 3'-[1E-2-(4-R-phenyl)ethenyl]-2,2':5',2"-terthiophenes have been modeled using ab initio calculations. The potential energy surfaces of three important dihedral angles were calculated using the HF/3-21G(d) method. Each dihedral angle is represented by a distinct potential energy surface, while the identity of the R group has only a modest influence. DFT methods (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) were used to calculate the geometry and vibrational spectra of each molecule. Analysis of the theoretical vibrational data reveals numerous conserved modes that are localized on the terthiophene or phenyl groups. There is good agreement between the observed and calculated vibrational spectra of the molecules. Conformational changes have only a minor effect on the spectra. The calculated molecular orbitals, which are supported by electronic absorption measurements, suggest that the first excited state should have charge-transfer features for the molecules with strongly electron withdrawing or donating substituents. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. Massey Univ, IFS Chem, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gordon, KC (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Chem, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM kgordon@alkali.otago.ac.nz RI Gordon, Keith/B-7149-2008; Officer, David/D-8019-2012; Collis, Gavin/D-6343-2011; OI Gordon, Keith/0000-0003-2833-6166 NR 70 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 11505 EP 11516 DI 10.1021/jp030619y PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 756BX UT WOS:000187446900030 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Zhao, YS Schiferl, D Qian, J Downs, RT Mao, HK Sekine, T AF Wang, ZW Zhao, YS Schiferl, D Qian, J Downs, RT Mao, HK Sekine, T TI Threshold pressure for disappearance of size-induced effect in spinel-structure Ge3N4 nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PHASE; TRANSFORMATIONS; COMPRESSIBILITY; NITRIDE; MODULUS; NI AB We demonstrate that the incompressibility of spinel Ge3N4 nanocrystals decreases when the pressure is elevated above similar to20 GPa. Ge3N4 nanocrystals initially exhibit a higher bulk modulus of 381(2) GPa. But, above 20 GPa, the bulk modulus is apparently reduced to 268(4) GPa, which is similar to the reported bulk modulus of 208-296 GPa for the bulk Ge3N4. Thus, a threshold pressure of similar to20 GPa was determined that signifies the onset of size-induced disappearance of elastic stiffness in nanocrystalline Ge3N4. Enhanced surface energy contributions to the shell layers of nanoparticles and resulting effect on the corresponding large d spacing planes are used to elucidate the observed phenomenon. This study provides a reasonable explanation for the different compressibility properties of numerous nanocrystals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 14151 EP 14153 DI 10.1021/jp036436t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 756CA UT WOS:000187447200002 ER PT J AU Blackburn, JL Selmarten, DC Nozik, AJ AF Blackburn, JL Selmarten, DC Nozik, AJ TI Electron transfer dynamics in quantum dot/titanium dioxide composites formed by in situ chemical bath deposition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID COUPLED SEMICONDUCTORS; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; RELAXATION PATHWAYS; INJECTION DYNAMICS; COLLOIDAL CDS-TIO2; THIN-FILMS; CDS; DOTS; FEMTOSECOND; PHOTOSENSITIZATION AB We present experimental transient absorption (TA) results on the dynamics of electron relaxation and electron transfer in cadmium sulfide quantum dots (QDs) grown by chemical bath deposition techniques on nanocrystalline oxide substrates. The quantum dots are prepared in situ in nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) films. The conduction band offset between the US QDs and TiO2 allows for efficient electron injection from the photoexcited QDs into the conduction band of TiO2. An unprecedented peak is seen in the transient absorption spectrum, which may be used to track the spectral response of the QD/TiO2 composites. Dynamic measurements in the visible and mid-IR are used to evaluate the time scale of the electron injection process. The TA dynamics for these systems are found to be multiexponential. A comparison of the TA dynamics for CdS/TiO2 and CdS/ZrO2 composites in the visible and mid-IR region indicates that electron transfer occurs on the time scale of similar to10-50 ps. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Blackburn, JL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012; Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 23 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 14154 EP 14157 DI 10.1021/jp0366771 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 756CA UT WOS:000187447200003 ER PT J AU Wurtz, GA Im, JS Gray, SK Wiederrecht, GP AF Wurtz, GA Im, JS Gray, SK Wiederrecht, GP TI Optical scattering from isolated metal nanoparticles and arrays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY-TRANSPORT; SURFACE-PLASMON POLARITONS; NEAR-FIELD; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; WAVE-GUIDES; MICROSCOPY; RADIATION; CONFIGURATION; DEVICES AB Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is used to explore the optical scattering from isolated metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and arrays of MNPs. The optical excitation source is an evanescent wave created through total internal reflection of a continuous wave laser beam at the sample-air interface. For optical excitation of isolated Ag and Au MNPs, experimental results show that the scattered light propagates into the far field at an angle of 19degrees from the substrate. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations are used to study simpler but related metallic nanowire systems under evanescent wave excitation. The FDTD results are found to be similar to the experimental results, indicating the generality of the scattering phenomenon. NSOM characterization of plasmonic arrays that consist of closely spaced Ag MNPs are subsequently reported. Confined optical signals within the array are observed along with a reduction in the far-field scattered signal. Simultaneous collection of the atomic force microscopy signal and near-field signals also shows that the spatial distribution of the near-field is strongly modified in the arrays compared to isolated MNPs. FDTD studies on arrays of nanowires also show large differences from the isolated metal nanoparticle calculations, including a decrease in the forward scattered angle (with chain length) and diminished overall forward scattering. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gray@tcg.anl.gov; wiederrecht@anl.gov NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 14191 EP 14198 DI 10.1021/jp0357875 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 756CA UT WOS:000187447200010 ER PT J AU Lee, I Justus, BL Lee, JW Greenbaum, E AF Lee, I Justus, BL Lee, JW Greenbaum, E TI Molecular photovoltaics and surface potentials at the air-water interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; REACTION CENTERS; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; HYDROGEN; MICA AB An experimental approach that directly measures light-induced electrostatic surface potentials at the gas-liquid interface using the combined techniques of the atomic force microscope and the scanning surfacepotential microscope is presented. Photosystem I (PSI) reaction centers, one of the molecular photovoltaic structures of green plants, convert light energy into electrical energy. We report the orientation and measurement of light-induced photovoltages at the air-water interface by PSI solutions entrained in the pores of microchannel glass. The data indicate that illuminated PSI reaction centers reversed the sign of the water surface electrostatic potential from negative to positive and that additional illumination further increased the positive value of the potential. The sign of the light-induced photopotentials indicates that the reaction centers are oriented with their electron-transport vectors pointing toward the water phase. Electrostatic potentials as a function of PSI concentration are presented for concentrations of active PSI up to 1 muM. Orienting biomolecules at the airwater interface might be an enabling technology for new classes of sensors. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 14225 EP 14230 DI 10.1021/jp036518h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 756CA UT WOS:000187447200015 ER PT J AU Iliev, MN Phillips, MLF Meen, JK Nenoff, TM AF Iliev, MN Phillips, MLF Meen, JK Nenoff, TM TI Raman spectroscopy of Na2M2O6 center dot H2O and Na2Nb2-xMxO6-x(OH)(x)center dot H2O (M = Ti, Hf) ion exchangers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID OCTAHEDRAL MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SCATTERING; FRAMEWORK AB The Raman spectra of Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieves Na2Nb2-x MrO(6-x)(OH)(x).H2O (M = Ti, Hf; x less than or equal to 0.2) (SOMS-Ti and SOMS-Hf) and their parent compound Na2Nb2O6-H2O (SOMS) were measured between 24 degreesC and 600 degreesC. The spectra of all three materials as well their variations with temperature are almost identical, which indicates that the M4+ for Nb5+ disordered substitution has little effect on the structure of the niobate framework. The annealing above 250 degreesC results in dehydration reflected in the Raman spectra by disappearance of water-related bands at similar to 1700 cm(-1) and 3100-3400 cm(-1) and irreversible changes of some Raman line parameters. As a whole, however, the spectral changes in the frequency range, corresponding to internal oxygen vibrations, are rather modest in contrast to the drastic changes of the X-ray diffraction patterns. This shows that although the SOMS structure rearranges in the dehydrated phase, the basic constituting elements, NbO6 octahedra and Na-centered polyhedra, remain practically unchanged. At further annealing above similar to500 degreesC the Raman spectrum transforms irreversibly into a spectral structure consisting of three broad bands centered (at 24 degreesC) at 232, 600, and 876 cm(-1), while the X-ray pattern indicates transformation to a perovskite-like structure We argue that the Raman spectrum in this case reflects the density of vibrational states of a strongly disordered oxygen sublattice. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Pleasanton Ridge Res, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Iliev, MN (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI ILIEV, MILKO/A-5941-2008 OI ILIEV, MILKO/0000-0002-9685-542X NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 14261 EP 14264 DI 10.1021/jp035840p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 756CA UT WOS:000187447200021 ER PT J AU McCabe, C Bedrov, D Borodin, O Smith, GD Cummings, PT AF McCabe, C Bedrov, D Borodin, O Smith, GD Cummings, PT TI Transport properties of perfluoroalkanes using molecular dynamics simulation: Comparison of united- and explicit-atom models SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; HELIX REVERSAL DEFECTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; N-ALKANES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; BRANCHED ALKANES; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; FORCE-FIELD; ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB We compare the results of an explicit-atom model (Borodin, O.; Smith, G. D.; Bedrov, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 9912-9922) for perfluoralkanes with those of a united-atom model (Cui, S. T.; Siepmann, J. I.; Cochran, H. D.; Cummings, P. T. Fluid Phase Equilib. 1998,146,51-61) in the prediction of transport properties for short perfluoralkanes. The predicted viscosities from the two force fields are compared against each other and with experiment or correlations of experimental data. We find that the explicit-atom model predicts the Newtonian viscosity of short perfluoroalkane molecules in excellent agreement with experimental data and, in most cases, within experimental error, whereas the united-atom model underpredicts the Newtonian viscosity. Additional dynamical properties, including the diffusion coefficients from both models, are also reported. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuel Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nanomat Theory Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McCabe, C (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012; McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291; McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 26 BP 6956 EP 6961 DI 10.1021/ie034012f PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 755ZY UT WOS:000187442400033 ER PT J AU Weber, CF Hunt, RD AF Weber, CF Hunt, RD TI Modeling alkaline silicate solutions at 25 degrees C SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; EQUILIBRIA; SODIUM; THERMODYNAMICS; SOLUBILITIES; PHOSPHATE; SOLGASMIX AB A thermodynamic model is developed to describe silicate behavior in solutions containing high concentrations of both NaOH and NaNO3. Experimental solubility data in such solutions are also presented. The model itself applies Pitzer's ion-interaction approach and involves several aqueous polymeric species. Model predictions compare well with a variety of experimental data-solubilities, NMR results, and pH measurements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Weber, CF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 26 BP 6970 EP 6976 DI 10.1021/ie0303449 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 755ZY UT WOS:000187442400035 ER PT J AU Ocko, M Sarrao, JL Stubicar, N Aviani, I Simek, Z Stubicar, M AF Ocko, M Sarrao, JL Stubicar, N Aviani, I Simek, Z Stubicar, M TI Microhardness of the YbxY1-xInCu4 alloy system: the influence of electronic structure on hardness SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB We show that the Vickers microhardness, measured on flux grown single crystals of the YbxY1-xInCu4 alloy system, although sample dependent, exhibits clear concentration dependence; it increases with decreasing x. Such a dependence is not expected because the cubic lattice parameter increases with decreasing x and one expects then a decrease of hardness with decreasing x. Also, such a concentration dependence is in accordance with neither the Mott-Nabarro theory nor other known experimental results. We ascribe the observed dependence to the change of the electronic structure of the YbxY1-xInCu4 alloy system with x. C1 Univ Zagreb, Inst Phys, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Ocko, M (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Inst Phys, Bijenicka C 46,Postbox 304, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. EM ocko@ifs.hr RI Aviani, Ivica/F-5059-2017 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 50 BP 8719 EP 8723 AR PII S0953-8984(03)66045-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762XF UT WOS:000188007500013 ER PT J AU Fisk, Z Moreno, NO Thompson, JD Hundley, MF AF Fisk, Z Moreno, NO Thompson, JD Hundley, MF TI Reply to commented review from Kuznietz SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fisk, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 50 BP 8967 EP 8968 AR PII S0953-8984(03)68971-X DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/50/N02 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762XF UT WOS:000188007500033 ER PT J AU Mao, YB Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Mao, YB Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal line perovskite nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS; BARIUM-TITANATE; NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES; SHAPE; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Mao, Yuanbing/D-5580-2009 NR 20 TC 221 Z9 233 U1 27 U2 155 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 24 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 51 BP 15718 EP 15719 DI 10.1021/ja038192w PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 755XF UT WOS:000187436200017 PM 14677942 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR AF Jacobson, AR TI How do the strongest radio pulses from thunderstorms relate to lightning flashes? art. no. 4778 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE lightning; radio pulses; thunderstorms ID FORTE SATELLITE; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; RUNAWAY BREAKDOWN; VHF; FREQUENCY; DISCHARGES; INITIATION; PARAMETERS; RADIATION; STROKES AB We present a statistical analysis of thunderstorm radio frequency and optical data from the FORTE satellite to examine the relationship of strong radio frequency pulsed emissions to more conventional signals from lightning. The study is built on a FORTE database of intracloud pulsed radio signals from storms whose geolocation is provided either by coincidence with the FORTE optical imager or by coincidence with ground-based lightning-detection arrays. We show statistically that intracloud radio emissions with peak power >40 kW in the FORTE low band (26-48 MHz) have unique characteristics compared to weaker emissions, including: occurring either in isolation or at the start of leader progression but never within a progressing leader; occurring without light emission detectable by FORTE; sometimes occurring in association with a rapid (10 mus) relaxation of the electric charge; and being followed by an upward progressing leader in the cases where a leader is initiated. These strong intracloud radio pulses appear to be associated with an intracloud discharge process that is physically distinct from conventional leader progression. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ajacobson@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 23 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D24 AR 4778 DI 10.1029/2003JD003936 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 760ZN UT WOS:000187865300002 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Butler, PD Warr, GG AF Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Butler, PD Warr, GG TI Scaling of structural and rheological response of L-3 sponge phases in the "Sweetened" cetylpyridinium/hexanol/dextrose/brine system SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LYOTROPIC LAMELLAR PHASE; COUETTE SHEAR CELL; X-RAY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; COMPLEX FLUIDS; MACROSCOPIC SURFACES; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; TRANSITION; FLOW AB We report a study of the shear response of sponge phases in cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCI)/hexanol/ brine/dextrose systems by parallel measurements of rheology and structure by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Our measurements show that this dextrose added to the extensively studied CPCl/hexanol/brine system is taken up exclusively by the brine solvent, resulting in an equivalent CPCl/hexanol membrane structure and phase behavior for this modified system. Adding dextrose to the brine in these systems to volume fractions up to 0.4 allows us to increase the solvent viscosity by more than an order of magnitude. This lowers the cooperative membrane diffusion coefficient in this system as measured by dynamic light scattering by the same factor, resulting in a corresponding slowing of the Helfrich fluctuation dominated membrane dynamics. Our results show clear and consistent evidence of shear-induced sponge to lamellar phase transformations in these systems. Further, both the rheological and microstructural responses of these systems follow universal master curves when plotted against a rescaled applied shear gammaeta(s)/phi(3), where phi is the membrane volume fraction and eta(s) is the viscosity of the brine/dextrose solvent. This well-defined shear response is characterized by three distinct regimes. At low shear rates the sponge phases exhibit Newtonian flow behavior and no structural change is observed. For intermediate shear rates, the systems shear thin and SANS measurements show that the sponge phases are progressively transformed into lamellar phases with the CPCl/hexanol membrane normals aligned parallel to the velocity gradient. This continuous process and the absence of a stress plateau in the rheological measurements both rule out the existence of a biphasic state in this region and thus of a first-order transition between sponge and lamellar phases as is observed in equilibrium phase diagrams. At higher shear rates, the systems are apparently again Newtonian, but the induced lamellar phase appears to collapse and a new (and as yet unidentified) large-scale structure forms. We have found these systems to be extremely sensitive to evaporation, and reproducibility of the scattering measurements required the use of a Couette shear cell with a specially designed vapor barrier. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 71 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 23 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 26 BP 10779 EP 10794 DI 10.1021/la0364661w PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756WL UT WOS:000187507500023 ER PT J AU Clemmens, J Hess, H Lipscomb, R Hanein, Y Bohringer, KF Matzke, CM Bachand, GD Bunker, BC Vogel, V AF Clemmens, J Hess, H Lipscomb, R Hanein, Y Bohringer, KF Matzke, CM Bachand, GD Bunker, BC Vogel, V TI Mechanisms of microtubule guiding on microfabricated kinesin-coated surfaces: Chemical and topographic surface patterns SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GLYCOL DIMETHYL ETHER; MOLECULAR SHUTTLES; MOTOR PROTEIN; THIN-FILM; ACTIN; ADSORPTION; MOVEMENT; MOTILITY; TRACKS; MYOSIN AB Cells regulate active transport of intracellular cargo using motor proteins. Recent nanobiotechnology efforts aim to adapt motor proteins to power the movement and assembly of synthetic materials. A motor-protein-based nanoscale transport system (molecular shuttle) requires that the motion of the shuttles be guided along tracks. This study investigates the principles by which microtubules, serving as shuttle units, are guided along micrometer-scale kinesin-coated chemical and topographical tracks, where the efficiency of guidance is determined by events at the track boundary. Thus, we measure the probability of guiding as microtubules reach the track boundary of (1) a chemical edge between kinesin-coated and kinesin-free surfaces, (2) a topography-only wall coated completely with kinesin, and (3) a kinesin-free wall next to a kinesin-coated bottom surface (topography and chemistry combined). We present a guiding mechanism for each surface type that takes into account the physical properties of microtubule filaments and the surface properties (geometry, chemistry), and elucidate the contributions of surface topography and chemistry. Our experimental and theoretical results show that track edges that combine both topography and chemistry guide microtubules most frequently (approximately 90% of all events). By applying the principles of microtubule guidance by microfabricated surfaces, one may design and build motor-protein-powered devices optimized for transport. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Microdevice Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vogel, V (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Box 351721, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Hess, Henry/A-5224-2008; Hanein, Yael/A-7179-2008; Vogel, Viola/O-8025-2015; OI Hess, Henry/0000-0002-5617-606X; Vogel, Viola/0000-0003-2898-7671; Hanein, Yael/0000-0002-4213-9575 NR 35 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 23 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 26 BP 10967 EP 10974 DI 10.1021/la035519y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756WL UT WOS:000187507500047 ER PT J AU Majumdar, A Choi, KK Reno, JL Tsui, DC AF Majumdar, A Choi, KK Reno, JL Tsui, DC TI Voltage tunable two-color infrared detection using semiconductor superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; MU-M; GAAS; PHOTODETECTOR; WAVELENGTH; LIGHT AB We demonstrate a voltage tunable two-color quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) that consists of multiple periods of two distinct AlGaAs/GaAs superlattices separated by AlGaAs blocking barriers on one side and heavily doped GaAs layers on the other side. The detection peak switches from 9.5 mum under large positive bias to 6 mum under negative bias. The background-limited temperature is 55 K for 9.5 mum detection and 80 K for 6 mum detection. We also demonstrate that the corrugated-QWIP geometry is suitable for coupling normally incident light into the detector. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 25 BP 5130 EP 5132 DI 10.1063/1.1635981 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QK UT WOS:000187341800004 ER PT J AU Williams, BS Kumar, S Callebaut, H Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Williams, BS Kumar, S Callebaut, H Hu, Q Reno, JL TI Terahertz quantum-cascade laser operating up to 137 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE AB We report operation of a terahertz quantum-cascade laser at 3.8 THz (lambdaapproximate to79 mum) up to a heat-sink temperature of 137 K. A resonant phonon depopulation design was used with a low-loss metal-metal waveguide, which provided a confinement factor of nearly unity. A threshold current density of 625 A/cm(2) was obtained in pulsed mode at 5 K. Devices fabricated using a conventional semi-insulating surface-plasmon waveguide lased up to 92 K with a threshold current density of 670 A/cm(2) at 5 K. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1123, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, BS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Williams, Benjamin/B-4494-2013 OI Williams, Benjamin/0000-0002-6241-8336 NR 13 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 25 BP 5142 EP 5144 DI 10.1063/1.1635657 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QK UT WOS:000187341800008 ER PT J AU Li, J Nam, KB Nakarmi, ML Lin, JY Jiang, HX Carrier, P Wei, SH AF Li, J Nam, KB Nakarmi, ML Lin, JY Jiang, HX Carrier, P Wei, SH TI Band structure and fundamental optical transitions in wurtzite AlN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; EDGE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GAN; ZINCBLENDE; EPILAYERS AB With a recently developed unique deep ultraviolet picoseconds time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy system and improved growth technique, we are able to determine the detailed band structure near the Gamma point of wurtzite (WZ) AlN with a direct band gap of 6.12 eV. Combined with first-principles band structure calculations we show that the fundamental optical properties of AlN differ drastically from that of GaN and other WZ semiconductors. The discrepancy in energy band gap values of AlN obtained previously by different methods is explained in terms of the optical selection rules in AlN and is confirmed by measurement of the polarization dependence of the excitonic PL spectra. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011; Li, Jing/B-7828-2015 OI Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292; Li, Jing/0000-0003-2880-7933 NR 17 TC 199 Z9 208 U1 11 U2 73 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 25 BP 5163 EP 5165 DI 10.1063/1.1633965 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QK UT WOS:000187341800015 ER PT J AU Vandervelde, TE Kumar, P Kobayashi, T Gray, JL Pernell, T Floro, JA Hull, R Bean, JC AF Vandervelde, TE Kumar, P Kobayashi, T Gray, JL Pernell, T Floro, JA Hull, R Bean, JC TI Growth of quantum fortress structures in Si1-xGex/Si via combinatorial deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GE; NUCLEATION; SI(001); FILMS; EVOLUTION; ISLANDS; SI(100) AB This study details the evolution of morphologies in the Si1-xGex/Si system, under kinetically controlled conditions of 550 degreesC growth temperature and 1 Angstrom/s growth rate. We find that, with increasing film thickness and Ge fraction, a series of three-dimensional structures develop, starting from pits, and leading to quantum fortresses and ridges. The quantum fortress structures are of special significance because of their potential application in quantum cellular automata. We establish approximate boundaries in the parameter space of film thickness and Ge fraction, in which these structures form. We present a simple model, based on kinetics and strain, to explain the observed structures. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vandervelde, TE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Vandervelde, Tom/I-3317-2013 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 25 BP 5205 EP 5207 DI 10.1063/1.1636268 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QK UT WOS:000187341800029 ER PT J AU Yoon, YG Mazzoni, MSC Louie, SG AF Yoon, YG Mazzoni, MSC Louie, SG TI Quantum conductance of carbon nanotube peapods SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENCAPSULATED C-60; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; JUNCTIONS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TUBULES AB We present a first-principles study of the quantum conductance of hybrid nanotube systems consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) encapsulating either an isolated single C-60 molecule or a chain of C-60 molecules (nanotube peapods). The calculations show a rather weak bonding interaction between the fullerenes and the SWCNTs. The conductance of a (10,10) SWCNT with a single C-60 molecule is virtually unaffected at the Fermi level, but exhibits quantized resonant reductions at the molecular levels. The nanotube peapod arrangement gives rise to high density of states for the fullerene highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital bands. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yoon, YG (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. RI Yoon, Young-Gui/C-2978-2008 OI Yoon, Young-Gui/0000-0002-1071-8628 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 25 BP 5217 EP 5219 DI 10.1063/1.1633680 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QK UT WOS:000187341800033 ER PT J AU Auhl, R Everaers, R Grest, GS Kremer, K Plimpton, SJ AF Auhl, R Everaers, R Grest, GS Kremer, K Plimpton, SJ TI Equilibration of long chain polymer melts in computer simulations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; EXCLUDED-VOLUME; ROUSE MODEL; DYNAMICS; ALGORITHM; POLYETHYLENE; DIMENSIONS; ENTANGLEMENT; ARRANGEMENT; TOPOLOGY AB Several methods for preparing well equilibrated melts of long chains polymers are studied. We show that the standard method in which one starts with an ensemble of chains with the correct end-to-end distance arranged randomly in the simulation cell and introduces the excluded volume rapidly, leads to deformation on short length scales. This deformation is strongest for long chains and relaxes only after the chains have moved their own size. Two methods are shown to overcome this local deformation of the chains. One method is to first pre-pack the Gaussian chains, which reduces the density fluctuations in the system, followed by a gradual introduction of the excluded volume. The second method is a double-bridging algorithm in which new bonds are formed across a pair of chains, creating two new chains each substantially different from the original. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods for a linear bead spring polymer model with both zero and nonzero bending stiffness, however the methods are applicable to more complex architectures such as branched and star polymer. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Auhl, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, Postfach 3148, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. RI Kremer, Kurt/G-5652-2011; Everaers, Ralf/K-2228-2013; MPIP, Theory/I-9884-2014 OI Everaers, Ralf/0000-0002-6843-2753; NR 39 TC 243 Z9 245 U1 13 U2 85 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 24 BP 12718 EP 12728 DI 10.1063/1.1628670 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 757RY UT WOS:000187576300005 ER PT J AU Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K AF Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K TI Theoretical study of the electronic states of niobium trimer (Nb-3) and its anion (Nb-3(-)) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; METAL-CLUSTERS; DENSITY; REACTIVITY; CHEMISORPTION; POTENTIALS; PATHWAYS; ENERGIES; NB-N(+); NBN+ AB Geometries and energy separations of the various low-lying electronic states of niobium trimer (Nb-3) and its anion (Nb-3(-)) with triangular and linear structural arrangements have been investigated. The complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field method followed by multireference singles plus doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) that included up to 48 million configuration spin functions have been used to compute several electronic states of these clusters. The geometries of ground and excited states of Nb-3 and Nb-3(-) are triangular. The ground states of both Nb-3 (B-2(1)) and Nb-3(-) ((1)A(1)) have been found to be of low spin. The low-lying electronic states with degenerate symmetries in the D-3h group are distorted to the C-2v structure (from the ideal D-3h) due to the Jahn-Teller effect. On the basis of the energy separations of our computed electronic states of Nb-3, we have assigned the observed photoelectron spectrum of Nb-3(-). We have also compared our MRSDCI results with density functional calculations. The electron affinity, ionization potential, dissociation and atomization energies of Nb-3 have been calculated and the results have been found to be in excellent agreement with the experiment. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, POB 808,L-794, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 24 BP 12866 EP 12877 DI 10.1063/1.1626594 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 757RY UT WOS:000187576300020 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Reproducibility of low and high concentration data in reversed-phase liquid chromatography II. Overloaded band profiles on Chromolith-C-18 SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption isotherms; column reproducibility; band profiles; monolithic columns; affinity energy distribution; frontal analysis; isotherm modeling; aniline; caffeine; toluidine; propylbenzoate; basic compounds ID RETENTION DATA; C-18 COLUMNS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; REPEATABILITY; ISOTHERM; SEPARATIONS; TECHNOLOGY AB Single-component adsorption isotherm data were acquired by frontal analysis (FA) for six low molecular weight compounds (phenol, aniline, caffeine, o-toluidine, p-toluidine and propylbenzoate) on one Chromolith-C-18 column (#30, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), using different methanol:water solutions (composition between 60/40 and 15/85 v/v, depending on the solute) as the mobile phase. These data were modeled for best agreement between the experimental data points and the adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption-energy distributions were also derived and used for the selection of the best isotherm model. Widely different models were obtained for these six compounds, four being convex upward (i.e., Langmuirian) and two having at least one inflection point. Overloaded band profiles corresponding to two different sample sizes (a low and a high loading factor) were recorded on six monolithic columns (#30-35) belonging to the same manufactured lot. These experimental band profiles were compared to the profiles calculated from the isotherm measured by FA on the first column, using the equilibrium-dispersive (ED) model of chromatography. For four of the six columns (#30, #32, #33, and #35), the reproducibility was better than 5 and 2.5% for the low and the high concentration profiles, respectively. On the other two columns (#31 and #34), the bands showed significant and systematic retention time shifts for all six compounds (with nearly identical band shapes), the relative adsorption being between 6 and 15% stronger on column #31 or between 2 and 7% lower on column #34. These differences seem to be correlated with the differences in the total porosities of these columns, which differ by 3% from columns #31 to #34, the higher porosity column giving the stronger adsorption. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 1021 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.09.002 PG 29 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 758QW UT WOS:000187662500004 PM 14735973 ER PT J AU Birkholzer, JT Ho, CK AF Birkholzer, JT Ho, CK TI A probabilistic analysis of episodic preferential flow into superheated fractured rock SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE finger flow; unsaturated; fractured rock; thermal; hydrological; vaporization ID ROUGH-WALLED FRACTURES; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; THERMOHYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS; WATER SEEPAGE; HEATER TEST; TUFF; INFILTRATION; MODEL AB The amount of water seeping into waste emplacement tunnels is important for the long-term performance of the proposed geologic nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The repository site is located in thick, partially saturated fractured tuff that will be heated to above-boiling temperatures as a result of heat generation from the decay of nuclear waste. Since water infiltrating down towards the repository will be subject to vigorous boiling for a significant time period, the superheated zone (i.e. rock temperature above the boiling point of water) may form an effective vaporization barrier that reduces the possibility of water arrival at emplacement drifts. In this paper, we analyze the behavior of episodic preferential flow events that penetrate down into the hot fractured rock zone, and evaluate the impact of such flow behavior on the effectiveness of the vaporization barrier. The characteristic features of episodic preferential flow are estimated from laboratory experiments and described by appropriate probability distributions. A semi-analytical solution is utilized to determine the complex flow processes in the hot rock environment. The solution is applied at several discrete times after emplacement, in order to cover the time period of strongly elevated temperatures at Yucca Mountain. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Birkholzer, JT (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 284 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.07.003 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 759DM UT WOS:000187723100010 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, K Shmakova, M AF Dasgupta, K Shmakova, M TI On branes and oriented B-fields SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL STRING THEORY; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; GROUND RING; YANG-MILLS; NONCOMMUTATIVITY; SINGULARITIES; GEOMETRY; CONFIGURATIONS; MANIFOLDS; CONIFOLDS AB Novel theories appear on the world-volume of branes by orienting B-fields along various directions of the branes. We review some of the earlier developments and explore many new examples of these theories. In particular, among other things, we study the pinning effect of branes near conifold-like singularities and brane-antibrane theories with different fluxes on their world-volumes. We show that all these theories arise from different limits of an M-theory configuration with appropriately chosen G-fluxes. This gives us a way to study them from a unified framework in M-theory. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Varian Lab Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Dasgupta, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Varian Lab Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM keshav@itp.stanford.edu; shmakova@slac.stanford.edu NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 675 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2003.09.054 PG 36 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 752MM UT WOS:000187164700008 ER PT J AU Perrin, L Maron, L Eisenstein, O Schwartz, DJ Burns, CJ Andersen, RA AF Perrin, L Maron, L Eisenstein, O Schwartz, DJ Burns, CJ Andersen, RA TI Bonding of H-2, N-2, ethylene, and acetylene to bivalent lanthanide metallocenes: Trends from DFT calculations on CP2M and Cp*M-2 (M = Sm, Eu, Yb) and experiments with Cp*Yb-2 SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; COMPLEXES; POLYMERIZATION; METAL; BIS(PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)YTTERBIUM; ORGANOLANTHANIDE; YTTERBOCENES; EXCHANGE; FACILE AB The results of DFT calculations have been used to define the trends in the interactions of H-2, N-2, C2H4, C2H2, and C2Me2 with the bivalent lanthanide metallocenes CP2M (CP = eta(5)- C5H5) and CP*M-2 (Cp* = eta(5)-C5Me5), where M = Sm, Eu, Yb. These results, together with those previously published for the bonding of CO to Cp2M (M = Ca, Eu, Yb), suggest that the interaction of these ligands with the lanthanide metallocenes results from a subtle balance between attractive (dipole-dipole or dipole-induced dipole) and repulsive (electron-electron repulsion within the f shell) forces. The balance between the attractive and repulsive forces, and therefore the net bond energy, depends on the f-electron count in these bivalent lanthanide metallocenes. The computational results are compared with experimental observations on paramagnetic CP*Eu-2 and diamagnetic ytterbocene, CP*Yb-2. C1 Univ Toulouse 3, IRSAMC, UMR 5626, Phys Quant Lab, F-31064 Toulouse 04, France. Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5636, LSDSMS, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maron, L (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, IRSAMC, UMR 5626, Phys Quant Lab, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31064 Toulouse 04, France. RI Perrin, Lionel/B-6456-2009; Eisenstein, Odile/I-1704-2016; PERRIN, Lionel/N-9323-2013 OI Eisenstein, Odile/0000-0001-5056-0311; PERRIN, Lionel/0000-0002-0702-8749 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD DEC 22 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 26 BP 5447 EP 5453 DI 10.1021/om034206v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 754XH UT WOS:000187358200011 ER PT J AU Hope-Weeks, LJ AF Hope-Weeks, LJ TI Time dependent size and shape control of germanium nanocrystals SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INVERSE MICELLES; SILICON C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hope-Weeks, LJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD DEC 21 PY 2003 IS 24 BP 2980 EP 2981 DI 10.1039/b310770a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 755PV UT WOS:000187418800013 PM 14703817 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Rodriguez, MA Alam, TM AF Boyle, TJ Rodriguez, MA Alam, TM TI 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine: a selective bridging ligand for controlled Group IV metal alkoxide structures SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; CRYSTAL; PRECURSORS AB The generation of controlled metal alkoxide structures has been explored using 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (DHP-H-2) as a selective bridging ligand. DHP-H-2 was reacted with Ti(OPri)(4) in pyridine (py). Crystallization from this solution led to the isolation of [(OPri)(2)(mu-OPri)Ti(mu-DHP)Ti(OPri),(py)](2) (1). The two dinuclear subunits of 1 possess a bridging DHP ligand bound through both the O and N of the ring, forming an M-O-C-N ring on each metal center. The first Ti possesses three terminal OR ligands and one coordinated pyridine solvent molecule. The second Ti is connected to a mu-OPri group from the other subunit, forming a tetranuclear species. In contrast, recrystallization of 1 from toluene provided the solvent-free, cyclic adduct {[(OPri)(2)(mu-OPri)Ti](2)(mu-DHP)}(2) (2). An identical reaction using more sterically hindering alkoxy precursors yielded products of the general structure [(py)(RO)(3)M](2)(mu(4)-DHP), where M=Ti, OR=OCH2CMe3 (3), OPri/OCMe3 (4); M=Zr, OR=OCMe3 (5). Each metal center adopts an octahedral geometry, with one py, three terminal alkoxide ligands, and one bridging DHP. Solid-state C-13 MAS NMR studies indicate the bulk materials are consistent with the crystal structures and solution H-1 NMR is consistent with retention of the structures in solution for 2-5. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD DEC 21 PY 2003 IS 24 BP 4598 EP 4603 DI 10.1039/b310087a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 756EN UT WOS:000187453000008 ER PT J AU Barbieri, J Chapline, G Santiago, DI AF Barbieri, J Chapline, G Santiago, DI TI Quantum criticality, event horizons and cosmic gamma ray bursts SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB The logical inconsistency of quantum mechanics and general relativity can be avoided if the relativity principle fails for length scales smaller than the quantum coherence length for the vacuum state. This has dramatic consequences for the phenomenology of compact astrophysical objects. If we assume that at the Planck scale elementary particles interact via a universal four-point interaction and baryon number conservation is violated, then nucleons approaching an event horizon surface can disintegrate into gamma rays and high energy leptons. Integrating the Altarelli-Parisi equations to find the Planck scale parton distribution function for a nucleon, we find that nucleon decays produce a fluorescence gamma ray spectrum strikingly similar to that observed for cosmic gamma ray bursts. C1 NAWC, WD, Adv Syst Dev, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Grav Probe B Relat Mission, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Barbieri, J (reprint author), NAWC, WD, Adv Syst Dev, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 21 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 39 BP 2767 EP 2773 DI 10.1142/S0217732303012489 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 757XB UT WOS:000187585800001 ER PT J AU McCabe, RJ Misra, A Mitchell, TE AF McCabe, RJ Misra, A Mitchell, TE TI Transmission electron microscopy study of the interaction between a glide dislocation and a dislocation node SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Using in-situ tensile straining in conjunction with stereo imaging in a transmission electron microscope, real-time observations have been made in thin copper foils of the interaction of glide dislocations with a dislocation node. A mechanism is observed by which a dislocation approaching the node effectively bypasses the node by exchanging segments with one of the dislocations constituting the node. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCabe, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rmccabe@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD DEC 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 36 BP 4123 EP 4129 DI 10.1080/14786430310001613255 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 767ME UT WOS:000188454400006 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JH Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Cantalupo, C Contaldi, CR Daub, MD Holzapfel, WL Kuo, C Lange, AE Lueker, M Newcomb, M Peterson, JB Pogosyan, D Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Torbet, E AF Goldstein, JH Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Cantalupo, C Contaldi, CR Daub, MD Holzapfel, WL Kuo, C Lange, AE Lueker, M Newcomb, M Peterson, JB Pogosyan, D Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Torbet, E TI Estimates of cosmological parameters using the cosmic microwave background angular power spectrum of ACBAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations ID ANISOTROPY; IMAGER; SIMULATIONS; SUPERNOVAE; UNIVERSE; CONSTANT; L=3500; ARRAY; MAPS AB We report an investigation of cosmological parameters based on the measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) made by the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR). We use the ACBAR data in concert with other recent CMB measurements to derive Bayesian estimates of parameters in inflation-motivated adiabatic cold dark matter models. We apply a series of additional cosmological constraints on the shape and amplitude of the density power spectrum and the Hubble parameter and from supernovae to further re. ne our parameter estimates. Previous estimates of parameters are confirmed, with sensitive measurements of the power spectrum now ranging from l similar to 3 to 2800. Comparing individual best-fit models, we find that the addition of Omega(Lambda) as a parameter dramatically improves the fits. We also use the high-l data of ACBAR, along with similar data from the Cosmic Background Imager and Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association array, to investigate potential secondary anisotropies from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. We show that the results from the three experiments are consistent under this interpretation and use the data, combined and individually, to estimate sigma(8) from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich component. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, McLennan Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Peterson, Jeffrey/O-4794-2014; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 OI Peterson, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1340-818X; NR 32 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 2 BP 773 EP 785 DI 10.1086/379539 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 756DX UT WOS:000187451500005 ER PT J AU Ruhl, JE Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Contaldi, CR Crill, BP de Bernardis, P De Troia, G Ganga, K Giacometti, M Hivon, E Hristov, VV Iacoangeli, A Jaffe, AH Jones, WC Lange, AE Masi, S Mason, P Mauskopf, PD Melchiorri, A Montroy, T Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Polenta, G Prunet, S Romeo, G AF Ruhl, JE Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Contaldi, CR Crill, BP de Bernardis, P De Troia, G Ganga, K Giacometti, M Hivon, E Hristov, VV Iacoangeli, A Jaffe, AH Jones, WC Lange, AE Masi, S Mason, P Mauskopf, PD Melchiorri, A Montroy, T Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Polenta, G Prunet, S Romeo, G TI Improved measurement of the angular power spectrum of temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background from two new analyses of boomerang observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations ID GALACTIC DUST EMISSION; SCALE INTERFEROMETER; CONTINUUM SURVEY; MULTIPLE PEAKS; MAPS; RADIATION; SUPERNOVAE; TELESCOPE; CONSTANT; UNIVERSE AB We report the most complete analysis to date of observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) obtained during the 1998 flight of BOOMERANG. We use two quite different methods to determine the angular power spectrum of the CMB in 20 bands centered at l = 50 1000, applying them to similar to50% more data than has previously been analyzed. The power spectra produced by the two methods are in good agreement with each other and constitute the most sensitive measurements to date over the range 300 < l < 1000. The increased precision of the power spectrum yields more precise determinations of several cosmological parameters than previous analyses of BOOMERANG data. The results continue to support an inflationary paradigm for the origin of the universe, being well fitted by a similar to13.5 Gyr old,. at universe composed of approximately 5% baryonic matter, 30% cold dark matter, and 65% dark energy, with a spectral index of initial density perturbations n(s) similar to1. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, IFAC, I-50127 Florence, Italy. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Toronto, McLennan Labs, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Avadh Bhatia Phys Lab, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Ist Nazl Geofis, I-00143 Rome, Italy. RP Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Rockefeller Hall,10900 Evelid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; OI Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733 NR 38 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 2 BP 786 EP 805 DI 10.1086/379345 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 756DX UT WOS:000187451500006 ER PT J AU Bahcall, NA Dong, F Hao, L Bode, P Annis, J Gunn, JE Schneider, DP AF Bahcall, NA Dong, F Hao, L Bode, P Annis, J Gunn, JE Schneider, DP TI The richness-dependent cluster correlation function: Early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe ID SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DARK-MATTER HALOES; GALAXY CLUSTERS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; MASS FUNCTION; UNIVERSE; SYSTEM; SAMPLE AB The cluster correlation function and its richness dependence are determined from 1108 clusters of galaxies - the largest sample of clusters studied so far - found in 379 deg(2) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey early data. The results are compared with previous samples of optically and X-ray - selected clusters. The richness-dependent correlation function increases monotonically from an average correlation scale of similar to12 h(-1) Mpc for poor clusters to similar to25 h(-1) Mpc for the richer, more massive clusters with a mean separation of similar to90 h(-1) Mpc. X-ray - selected clusters suggest slightly stronger correlations than optically selected clusters (similar to2 sigma). The results are compared with large-scale cosmological simulations. The observed richness-dependent cluster correlation function is well represented by the standard. at Lambda-dominated cold dark matter (LCDM) model (Omega(m) similar or equal to 0.3, h similar or equal to 0.7) and is inconsistent with the considerably weaker correlations predicted by Omega(m) = 1 models. An analytic relation for the correlation scale versus cluster mean separation, r(0)-d, that best describes the observations and the LCDM prediction is r(0) similar or equal to 2.6rootd (for d similar or equal to 20-90 h(-1) Mpc). Data from the complete Sloan Digital Sky Survey, when available, will greatly enhance the accuracy of the results and allow a more precise determination of cosmological parameters. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 39 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 2 BP 814 EP 819 DI 10.1086/379599 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 756DX UT WOS:000187451500008 ER PT J AU Han, Q Simpson, W Zeh, J Hatfield, E Sikka, VK AF Han, Q Simpson, W Zeh, J Hatfield, E Sikka, VK TI Dross formation during remelting of aluminum 5182 remelt secondary ingot (RSI) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE dross formation; remelt secondary ingot; aluminum recycling; aluminum remelting; solidification defect AB This article reports, for the first time, a surprising result that in the center part of some commercial aluminum 5182 remelt secondary ingot (RSI), more than 50% of the alloy turns to dross during melting. The solidification microstructure of the RSI was characterized in order to understand where the dross comes from and how it forms. Optical microscopy showed that severe interdendritic porosities and hot tears exist in the RSI. These cavities provide continuous channels that expose the internal interdendritic surfaces to the atmosphere outside of RSI. SEM revealed that the dendrites in the center of RSI are covered by magnesium and aluminum oxides. It is the oxidation of the surfaces of the interdendritic pores that results in a large amount of dross formation during the remelting of aluminum 5182 RSI. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Logan Aluminum Inc, Russellville, KY 42276 USA. RP Han, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 363 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00615-4 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 748FC UT WOS:000186851000002 ER PT J AU Tang, F Anderson, IE Biner, SB AF Tang, F Anderson, IE Biner, SB TI Microstructures and mechanical properties of pure Al matrix composites reinforced by Al-Cu-Fe alloy particles SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; powder metallurgy; tensile property ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE; BEHAVIOR; DUCTILITY; ALUMINUM; INTERFACES; FRACTURE; POWDERS AB A new type of composite material was produced from elemental Al matrix powders and 30 vol.% Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal particles by a powder metallurgy technique. SEM examination shows that reinforcement particle cracking perpendicular to the loading axis is the dominant failure mechanism for the composites. Because of the fine (diameter < 10 mum) matrix and reinforcement particle sizes that match closely and a homogenous spatial distribution, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (Y.S.) of this model composite material were improved over the matrix properties by 111 and 220%, respectively, for the commercial purity composite sample. Remarkably, the UTS and Y.S. of the composite were improved over the matrix properties by 201 and 328%, respectively, for a high purity version of the composite material. The elastic modulus of the composite, in both versions, is very close to the theoretical upper bound value from the rule of mixtures estimation. This highly effective composite strengthening is also consistent with the good interface bonding between the spherical reinforcement particles and Al matrix that was revealed by fracture surface examination. Diffusion layer measurements at the Al/reinforcement interface by an Auger method verified the good bonding condition, as well. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 363 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00433-7 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 748FC UT WOS:000186851000004 ER PT J AU Williford, RE Chick, LA AF Williford, RE Chick, LA TI Surface diffusion and concentration polarization on oxide-supported metal electrocatalyst particles SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE models of surface chemical reactions; models ofsurface kinetics; catalysis; surface diffusion; hydrogen molecule; platinum oxygen; solid-gas interfaces ID O-2(G)VERTICAL-BAR-YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA SYSTEM; HYDROGEN OXYGEN REACTION; BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; REACTION-MECHANISM; LATTICE-GAS; FUEL-CELLS; KINETICS; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION; IDENTIFICATION AB A common assumption for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is that the hydrogen-oxygen reaction that produces the electrical current is strictly localized at the triple phase boundary (TPB) between the metal catalyst particle, the zirconia support, and the gas atmosphere. Detailed analysis of oxygen spillover onto the catalyst surface indicates that the reactive area simply spreads over the surface as needed to support the current, leading to TPB widths of several hundred Angstroms. Lower adspecies surface diffusivities (due to catalyst crystallography), lower reactant partial pressures (due to electrode design), and higher current demands, generally shift the peak turnover number (TON) for H2O generation away from the TPB in practical SOFCs with cermet anodes. The diffusivity-coverage relationship (repulsive, neutral, or attractive adspecies interactions) affects the location of the TON peak on the catalyst surface in a non-monotonic manner, indicating that care should be taken when applying research data to models of practical SOFCs. The most detailed surface diffusion model investigated in this work indicates that the catalytic process is limited by oxygen surface diffusion on the metal particle. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Dept Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williford, RE (reprint author), Dept Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 32 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 547 IS 3 BP 421 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.10.026 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 751EY UT WOS:000187040900022 ER PT J AU Marchand, R Ackerman, T Westwater, ER Clough, SA Cady-Pereira, K Liljegren, JC AF Marchand, R Ackerman, T Westwater, ER Clough, SA Cady-Pereira, K Liljegren, JC TI An assessment of microwave absorption models and retrievals of cloud liquid water using clear-sky data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE microwave radiometry; cloud liquid water ID VAPOR; RADIOMETERS; SENSORS; FLUXES AB Passive microwave radiometers have a long history in the remote sensing of atmospheric liquid and water vapor. Retrievals of these quantities are sensitive to variations in pressure and temperature of the liquid and water vapor. Rather than use a statistical or climatological approach to account for the natural variability in atmospheric pressure and temperature, additional information on the atmospheric profile at the time of the radiometer measurements can be directly incorporated into the retrieval process. Such an approach has been referred to in the literature as a "physical-iterative'' solution. This paper presents an assessment of the accuracy of the column liquid water path that can be expected using such an iterative technique as a result of uncertainties in the microwave emissions from oxygen and water vapor. It is shown that the retrieval accuracy is influenced by the accuracy of the instrument measurements and the quality of the atmospheric profiles of temperature and pressure, as one would expect. However, also critical is the uncertainty in the absorption coefficients used in the underlying microwave radiative transfer model. The uncertainty in the absorption coefficients is particularly problematic in that it may well bias the liquid water retrieval. The differences between three absorption models examined in this paper are equivalent to a bias of 15 to 30 g/m(2), depending on the total column water vapor. An examination of typical liquid water paths from the Southern Great Plains region of the United States shows that errors of this magnitude have significant implications for shortwave radiation and retrievals of cloud effective particle size. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-38, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roj@pnl.gov NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D24 AR 4773 DI 10.1029/2003JD003843 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 760WQ UT WOS:000187858600002 ER PT J AU Anastasiou, C Dixon, L Bern, Z Kosower, DA AF Anastasiou, C Dixon, L Bern, Z Kosower, DA TI Planar amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-THEORY; COLLINEAR LIMITS; GLUON AMPLITUDES; LOOP AMPLITUDES; S-MATRIX; SUPERGRAVITY; BEHAVIOR; ORDER; BOX AB The collinear factorization properties of two-loop scattering amplitudes in dimensionally regulated N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory suggest that, in the planar ('t Hooft) limit, higher-loop contributions can be expressed entirely in terms of one-loop amplitudes. We demonstrate this relation explicitly for the two-loop four-point amplitude and, based on the collinear limits, conjecture an analogous relation for n-point amplitudes. The simplicity of the relation is consistent with intuition based on the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence that the form of the large-N-c L-loop amplitudes should be simple enough to allow a resummation to all orders. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, Serv Phys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 38 TC 231 Z9 231 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 25 AR 251602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.251602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 755UY UT WOS:000187430900008 PM 14754105 ER PT J AU Bianchi, A Movshovich, R Vekhter, I Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL AF Bianchi, A Movshovich, R Vekhter, I Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL TI Avoided antiferromagnetic order and quantum critical point in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRON; CEIRIN5; SYSTEMS; HEAT; NMR AB We measured the specific heat and resistivity of heavy fermion CeCoIn5 between the superconducting critical field H-c2=5 T and 9 T, with the field in the [001] direction, and at temperatures down to 50 mK. At 5 T the data show a non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behavior down to the lowest temperatures. At the field above 8 T the data exhibit a crossover from the Fermi liquid to a non-Fermi liquid behavior. We analyzed the scaling properties of the specific heat and compared both the resistivity and the specific heat with the predictions of a spin-fluctuation theory. Our analysis leads us to suggest that the NFL behavior is due to incipient antiferromagnetism (AFM) in CeCoIn5 with the quantum critical point in the vicinity of H-c2. Below H-c2 the AFM phase which competes with the paramagnetic ground state is superseded by the superconducting transition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Vekhter, Ilya/M-1780-2013; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971; NR 31 TC 225 Z9 225 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 25 AR 257001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.257001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 755UY UT WOS:000187430900041 PM 14754138 ER PT J AU Lawes, G Ramirez, AP Varma, CM Subramanian, MA AF Lawes, G Ramirez, AP Varma, CM Subramanian, MA TI Magnetodielectric effects from spin fluctuations in isostructural ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRICS; RESISTIVITY; PEROVSKITE AB We report on the effects of spin fluctuations, magnetic ordering, and external magnetic field on the dielectric constant of the ferromagnet SeCuO3, and the antiferromagnet TeCuO3. A model based on the coupling between uniform polarization and the q-dependent spin-spin correlation function is presented to explain the different behaviors for these isostructural compounds. The large magnetocapacitance near the transition temperature in the ferromagnet SeCuO3 suggests routes to enhancing the magnetodielectric response for practical applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Lawes, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 25 AR 257208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.257208 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 755UY UT WOS:000187430900055 PM 14754152 ER PT J AU Pando, B Pearson, JE Dawson, SP AF Pando, B Pearson, JE Dawson, SP TI Sheet excitability and nonlinear wave propagation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM WAVES; OSCILLATIONS; DYNAMICS; MODEL; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; SPARKS; EGGS AB In the Xenopus laevis oocyte, calcium ion channels are clustered in a thin shell. Motivated by this morphology, we study a general class of reaction-diffusion systems that include most of the well-known models that support wave propagation but restricting excitability to a "sheet" of codimension 1. We find waves that undergo propagation failure with increasing diffusion coefficient and a scaling regime in which the wave speed is independent of it. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Sci Methods MS F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pando, B (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon I, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. OI Ponce Dawson, Silvina/0000-0001-6550-4267 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01GM65830-01] NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 25 AR 258101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.258101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 755UY UT WOS:000187430900063 PM 14754160 ER PT J AU Stepanyan, S Hicks, K Carman, DS Pasyuk, E Schumacher, RA Smith, ES Tedeschi, DJ Todor, L Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, SP Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Berman, BL Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carnahan, B Chen, S Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L De Vita, R Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Gordon, CIO Gothe, R Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Juengst, HG Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kubarovsky, V Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Lawrence, D Li, J Lima, A Livingston, K Lukashin, K Manak, JJ McAleer, S McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, S Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Brien, J O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Osipenko, M Park, K Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, P Sabatie, F Salgado, C Santoro, J Sapunenko, V Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, LC Sober, DI Strakovsky, II Stavinsky, A Stoler, P Suleiman, R Taiuti, M Taylor, S Thoma, U Thompson, R Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J AF Stepanyan, S Hicks, K Carman, DS Pasyuk, E Schumacher, RA Smith, ES Tedeschi, DJ Todor, L Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, SP Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Berman, BL Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carnahan, B Chen, S Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L De Vita, R Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Gordon, CIO Gothe, R Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Juengst, HG Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kubarovsky, V Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Lawrence, D Li, J Lima, A Livingston, K Lukashin, K Manak, JJ McAleer, S McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, S Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Brien, J O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Osipenko, M Park, K Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, P Sabatie, F Salgado, C Santoro, J Sapunenko, V Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, LC Sober, DI Strakovsky, II Stavinsky, A Stoler, P Suleiman, R Taiuti, M Taylor, S Thoma, U Thompson, R Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J CA CLAS Collaboration TI Observation of an exotic S =+1 baryon in exclusive photoproduction from the deuteron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRANGENESS AB In an exclusive measurement of the reaction gammad-->K+K- pn, a narrow peak that can be attributed to an exotic baryon with strangeness S=+1 is seen in the K(+)n invariant mass spectrum. The peak is at 1.542+/-0.005 GeV/c(2) with a measured width of 0.021 GeV/c(2) FWHM, which is largely determined by experimental mass resolution. The statistical significance of the peak is (5.2+/-0.6)sigma. The mass and width of the observed peak are consistent with recent reports of a narrow S=+1 baryon by other experimental groups. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl Orsay, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Stepanyan, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015 OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975 NR 19 TC 421 Z9 426 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 25 AR 252001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.252001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 755UY UT WOS:000187430900010 PM 14754107 ER PT J AU Winter, WT Freedman, SJ Rehm, KE Ahmad, I Greene, JP Heinz, A Henderson, D Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Pardo, RC Pennington, T Savard, G Schiffer, JP Seweryniak, D Zinkann, G Paul, M AF Winter, WT Freedman, SJ Rehm, KE Ahmad, I Greene, JP Heinz, A Henderson, D Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Pardo, RC Pennington, T Savard, G Schiffer, JP Seweryniak, D Zinkann, G Paul, M TI Determination of the B-8 neutrino spectrum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-SPECTRA; BETA-DECAY; LI-8; SCATTERING; STATES AB We have measured the total energy of the alpha particles following the beta decay of B-8 by implanting B-8 into a planar silicon surface barrier detector. Calibration was performed using alpha particles following the beta decay of Na-20, similarly implanted. The alpha spectrum is used to infer the B-8 neutrino spectrum which is an important input in the interpretation of experiments that detect energetic neutrinos from the Sun. The alpha spectrum reported here is in disagreement with the previous best measurement which used two detectors in coincidence. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Winter, WT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 25 AR 252501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.252501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 755UY UT WOS:000187430900011 PM 14754108 ER PT J AU Paz, JP AF Paz, JP TI Randomness in quantum computation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paz, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Paz, Juan/C-5947-2008 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5653 BP 2076 EP 2077 DI 10.1126/science.1092977 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 755CB UT WOS:000187385200029 PM 14684809 ER PT J AU Reimus, P Pohll, G Mihevc, T Chapman, J Haga, M Lyles, B Kosinski, S Niswonger, R Sanders, P AF Reimus, P Pohll, G Mihevc, T Chapman, J Haga, M Lyles, B Kosinski, S Niswonger, R Sanders, P TI Testing and parameterizing a conceptual model for solute transport in a fractured granite using multiple tracers in a forcedgradient test SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dual porosity; fractured media; reactive tracer; sorption; tracer test; tracers ID CONVERGENT RADIAL DISPERSION; ROCK; GROUNDWATER; AQUIFER; MATRIX; MEDIA; DIFFUSION; TUFF; FLOW AB A cross-hole tracer test involving the simultaneous injection of two nonsorbing solute tracers with different diffusion coefficients (bromide and pentafluorobenzoate) and a weakly sorbing solute tracer (lithium ion) was conducted in a fractured granite near an underground nuclear test cavity in central Nevada. The test was conducted to (1) test a conceptual radionuclide transport model for the site and (2) obtain transport parameter estimates for predictive modeling. The differences between the responses of the two nonsorbing tracers (when normalized to injection masses) are consistent with a dual-porosity transport system in which matrix diffusion is occurring. The large concentration attenuation of the sorbing tracer relative to the nonsorbing tracers suggests that diffusion occurs primarily into matrix pores, not simply into stagnant water within the fractures. The relative responses of the tracers at late times suggest that the diffusion-accessible matrix pore volume is possibly limited to only half the total volume of the flow system, implying that the effective retardation factor due to matrix diffusion may be as small as 1.5 for nonsorbing solutes in the system. The lower end of the range of possible sorption K-d values deduced from the lithium response is greater than the upper 95% confidence bound of K-d values measured in laboratory sorption tests using crushed granite from the site. This result suggests that the practice of using laboratory sorption data in field-scale transport predictions of cation-exchanging radionuclides, such as Cs-137(+) and Sr-90(++,) should be conservative for the SHOAL site. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Desert Res Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Dept Energy, Nevada Operat Off, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Reimus, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663 MS J534, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 AR 1356 DI 10.1029/2002WR001597 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 760XN UT WOS:000187860700001 ER PT J AU Wasiak, S Denisov, AY Han, ZZ Leventis, PA de Heuvel, E Boulianne, GL Kay, BK Gehring, K McPherson, PS AF Wasiak, S Denisov, AY Han, ZZ Leventis, PA de Heuvel, E Boulianne, GL Kay, BK Gehring, K McPherson, PS TI Characterization of a gamma-adaptin ear-binding motif in enthoprotin SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AP-1; AP-2; clathrin; clathrin-coated vesicle; NMR; trans-Golgi network ID ACCESSORY PROTEIN RECRUITMENT; CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN; APPENDAGE DOMAIN; ENTH-DOMAIN; ENTH/ANTH DOMAINS; STRUCTURAL BASIS; GOLGI; GGAS; INTERACTS AB Enthoprotin, a newly identified component of clathrin-coated vesicles, interacts with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) clathrin adapters AP-1 and GGA2. Here we perform a multi-faceted analysis of the site in enthoprotin that is responsible for the binding to the gamma-adaptin ear (gamma-ear) domain of AP-1. Alanine scan mutagenesis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies reveal the full extent of the site as well as critical residues for this interaction. NMR studies of the gamma-ear in complex with a synthetic peptide from enthoprotin provide structural details of the binding site for TGN accessory proteins within the gamma-ear. (C) 2003 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Biochem, Montreal, PQ H3G 1Y6, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal Joint Ctr Struct Biol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1Y6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Dev Biol Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP McPherson, PS (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, 3801 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. RI Gehring, Kalle/I-4403-2013 OI Gehring, Kalle/0000-0001-6500-1184 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 555 IS 3 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01299-7 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 756HB UT WOS:000187458800003 PM 14675752 ER PT J AU Chylek, P Henderson, B Mishchenko, M AF Chylek, P Henderson, B Mishchenko, M TI Aerosol radiative forcing and the accuracy of satellite aerosol optical depth retrieval SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol optical depth; satellite retrieval; radiative forcing ID TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; CLIMATE; ATSR-2; AVHRR; LAND; ATMOSPHERE; ABSORPTION; THICKNESS; BUDGET; CLOUDS AB The minimum acceptable accuracy of the top of the atmosphere radiative flux of DeltaF = 0.5 W/m(2) leads to the required accuracy in satellite based aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval of about Deltatau = 0.015 over the land and Deltatau = 0.010 over the ocean. None of the current operational satellite based instruments for AOD retrieval has been able to achieve this accuracy. The RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) is typically between 0.06 and 0.15, while the RMSE of the MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) over the land has been estimated to be Deltatau = 0.05 + 0.2tau, which varies between Deltatau = 0.07 and Deltatau = 0.21 within the limit of usual aerosol optical depth between tau = 0.1 and tau = 0.8. The Department of Energy research satellite instrument, the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI), is capable of retrieving aerosol optical depth with an accuracy of Deltatau = 0.03 using an off nadir view at medium scattering angles. Theoretical analysis suggests that the uncertainties in aerosol phase function (due to uncertainties in aerosol shape, size distribution and optical properties) are the major obstacles for accurate aerosol optical depth retrieval. These uncertainties lead to a much larger error in aerosol optical depth retrieval at large scattering angles (usually at close to nadir view) than at off nadir views at medium scattering angles. On the basis of our theoretical analysis and on MTI experience, we suggest that in order to achieve the required accuracy in AOD retrieval, future satellite instruments using a single or dual-view AOD retrieval algorithm should use off-nadir views at medium scattering angles (between 50degrees and 100degrees). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Chylek, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chylek@lanl.gov; crmim@giss.nasa.gov RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D24 AR 4764 DI 10.1029/2003JD004044 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 760WN UT WOS:000187858400008 ER PT J AU Rustenholtz, A Fulton, JL Wai, CM AF Rustenholtz, A Fulton, JL Wai, CM TI An FT-IR study of crown ether-water complexation in supercritical CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUID EXTRACTION; SOLID MATERIALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; 18-CROWN-6; EQUILIBRIUM AB In the presence of 18-crown-6, D2O forms a 1:1 complex with the macrocyclic molecule in supercritical fluid CO2 with two different configurations. The D2O molecule can be bonded to two oxygen atoms of the crown cavity in a bridged configuration that is characterized by a broad peak at 2590 cm(-1). The D2O molecule can also form one hydrogen bond with an oxygen atom of the crown cavity that can be characterized by two peaks at 2679 and 2733 cm(-1), with the former assigned to the hydrogen-bonded O-D stretching and the latter the unbonded O-D stretching. The equilibrium constants of the two configurations in supercritical CO2 have been calculated. The enthalpy of formation is -12 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) for the single-hydrogen-bond complex and -38 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1) for the bridged configuration complex. At high 18-crown-6 to D2O ratios, the formation of another complex in supercritical CO2 that involves one D2O molecule hydrogen bonded to two 18-crown-6 molecules becomes possible. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wai, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 50 BP 11239 EP 11244 DI 10.1021/jp035798y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 753ZV UT WOS:000187279000049 ER PT J AU Schaller, RD Petruska, MA Klimov, VI AF Schaller, RD Petruska, MA Klimov, VI TI Tunable near-infrared optical gain and amplified spontaneous emission using PbSe nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID ULTRAFAST CARRIER DYNAMICS; QUANTUM DOTS; STIMULATED-EMISSION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LASER AB Here, for the first time, we demonstrate amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) with emission energies tunable in the near-infrared (IR). We show that despite complications associated with a high, 8-fold degeneracy of the lowest quantized states and fast, nonradiative Auger recombination, optical gain parameters of PbSe NCs are comparable to those of CdSe NCs used for light amplification in the visible. These results indicate that previous unsuccessful attempts to realize the lasing regime in NCs of lead salts were not due to intrinsic physical reasons but likely resulted from material quality issues. By using a novel sol-gel procedure that provides both good quality surface passivation and high NC filling factors (> 15%), we fabricate PbSe NC/sol-gel nanocomposites that produce ASE, which is tunable via NC size, in the near-IR. This finding indicates the feasibility of NC-based amplifiers and lasers tunable in the near-IR range and, in particular, in the range of telecommunication windows. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 227 Z9 228 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 50 BP 13765 EP 13768 DI 10.1021/jp0311660 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 753ZX UT WOS:000187279200004 ER PT J AU Achermann, M Petruska, MA Crooker, SA Klimov, VI AF Achermann, M Petruska, MA Crooker, SA Klimov, VI TI Picosecond energy transfer in quantum dot Langmuir-Blodgett nanoassemblies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALLITES; LUMINESCENCE; EXCITON; SOLIDS; DARK AB We study spectrally resolved dynamics of Forster energy transfer in single monolayers and bilayers of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots assembled using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) techniques. For a single monolayer, we observe a distribution of transfer times from similar to50 ps to similar to10 ns, which can be quantitatively modeled assuming that the energy transfer is dominated by interactions of a donor nanocrystal with acceptor nanocrystals from the first three "shells" surrounding the donor. We also detect an effective enhancement of the absorption cross section (up to a factor of 4) for larger nanocrystals on the "red" side of the size distribution, which results from strong, interdot electrostatic coupling in the LB film (the light-harvesting antenna effect). By assembling bilayers of nanocrystals of two different sizes, we are able to improve the donor-acceptor spectral overlap for engineered transfer in a specific ("vertical") direction. These bilayers show a fast, unidirectional energy flow with a time constant of similar to120 ps. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST NHMFL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Achermann, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C PCS,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Achermann, Marc/A-1849-2011 OI Achermann, Marc/0000-0002-3939-9309 NR 18 TC 160 Z9 160 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 50 BP 13782 EP 13787 DI 10.1021/jp036497r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 753ZX UT WOS:000187279200008 ER PT J AU Wang, LQ Shin, Y Samuels, WD Exarhos, GJ Moudrakovski, IL Terskikh, VV Ripmeester, JA AF Wang, LQ Shin, Y Samuels, WD Exarhos, GJ Moudrakovski, IL Terskikh, VV Ripmeester, JA TI Magnetic resonance studies of hierarchically ordered replicas of wood cellular structures prepared by surfactant-mediated mineralization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SILICA-BASED MATERIALS; STATE C-13 NMR; XE-129 NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPLATE; CERAMICS; XENON; ORGANIZATION; MESOPHASES; COMPOSITES AB Hierarchically ordered positive and negative replicas of wood cellular structures prepared using surfactant templating methods under acidic and basic conditions have been studied by means of continuous flow hyperpolarized Xe-129 NMR, solid-state MAS C-13, Si-29, and 21) WISE NMR spectroscopic techniques. Xe-129 NMR data confirm a highly ordered and uniform structure with interconnected porosity in the positive silica wood replicas (SWR(+)) prepared under acidic conditions. In contrast, nonuniform porosity with irregular pore structures is inferred from similar data for negative silica wood replicas (SWR(-)) prepared under basic conditions. This contrasts with results from N-2 adsorption and TEM measurements that indicate regular nanoporous channels in both cases. From C-13 MAS NMR spectra, significant leaching of wood lignin was found to occur under acidic but was not evident for samples subjected to basic treatment. Si-29 MAS NMR spectra revealed higher hydroxylation levels for the silica replica prepared under acidic conditions compared to those observed in samples prepared under basic conditions. 21) WISE NMR experiments showed increased mobility of protons associated with the organic functional groups in cellulose after acidic treatment when compared with the dry and base-treated wood. Reported NMR data provide compelling evidence for the proposed mechanism of surfactant directed mineralization of wood cellular structures in acidic and basic solutions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM lq.wang@pnl.gov; igor.moudrakovski@nrc.ca OI Moudrakovski, Igor/0000-0002-8919-4766 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 50 BP 13793 EP 13802 DI 10.1021/jp030027f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 753ZX UT WOS:000187279200010 ER PT J AU Piao, H Adib, K Chang, Z Hrbek, J Enever, M Barteau, MA Mullins, DR AF Piao, H Adib, K Chang, Z Hrbek, J Enever, M Barteau, MA Mullins, DR TI Multistep reaction processes in epoxide formation from 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propanol on Ag(110) revealed by TPXPS and TPD experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; OXAMETALLACYCLE FORMATION; SURFACE-REACTIONS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; BUTYL NITRITE; ADSORPTION; 1-EPOXY-3-BUTENE; 2-IODOETHANOL; SELECTIVITY; DEPENDENCE AB Synchrotron-based temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TPXPS) in combination with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) has been used to track C-Cl scission in the reaction of 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (Cl-tert-BuOH) on oxygen-containing Ag(110) surfaces. The results show that the oxygen pre-coverage strongly influences the cleavage of the C-Cl bond. At low coverages, C-Cl scission of chloro-t-butoxide intermediates begins at 200 K and isobutylene oxide (IBO) appears with a peak temperature of 235 K; at higher coverages, the onset of C-Cl scission is shifted upward by 50 K and the IBO peak by 80 K. Quantitative models for the surface reaction kinetics were developed from the experimental data. These show that the reaction of adsorbed intermediates does not occur by an S(N)2 process that releases IBO directly into the gas phase. Instead, C-Cl scission deposits organic intermediates or products on the surface, and the appearance of IBO in the gas-phase lags the appearance of atomic chlorine on the surface. For the lower temperature channel, the rate of IBO evolution in TPD is influenced by the kinetics of both C-Cl scission and molecular IBO desorption. At higher temperatures, surface diffusion processes to open surface sites limit the rate of IBO production. Comparison with results for chlorine diffusion into silver suggests that this is the relevant diffusion process. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barteau, MA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Barteau, Mark/A-4728-2008; Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 50 BP 13976 EP 13985 DI 10.1021/jp035892e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 753ZX UT WOS:000187279200033 ER PT J AU Dang, LX Schenter, GK Fulton, JL AF Dang, LX Schenter, GK Fulton, JL TI EXAFS spectra of the dilute solutions of Ca2+ and Sr2+ in water and methanol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ION; SOLVATION; INTERFACE; SCATTERING; CLUSTERS; MODELS AB A set of polarizable ion-water intermolecular potential models were developed that accurately describe solvation enthalpies and structural properties of Ca2+ and Sr2+ in aqueous solution. The molecular dynamics (MD) results were coupled to electron scattering simulations in order to generate the Ca2+ and Sr2+ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. These MD-XAFS spectra were found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental measurements including both the ion-oxygen and the ion-hydrogen distances for the first hydration shell. This work demonstrates that the combination of MD-EXAFS, and the corresponding experiment measurement provides a powerful tool in the analysis of the solvation structure of aqueous ionic solutions. The Ca2+-methanol interaction was also developed, and the dilute Ca2+ MD-EXAFS spectrum in liquid methanol was also predicted using the same approach. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dang, LX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 50 BP 14119 EP 14123 DI 10.1021/jp030968s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 753ZX UT WOS:000187279200050 ER PT J AU Inada, N Oguri, M Pindor, B Hennawi, JF Chiu, KL Zheng, W Ichikawa, SI Gregg, MD Becker, RH Suto, Y Strauss, MA Turner, EL Keeton, CR Annis, J Castander, FJ Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Johnston, DE Kent, SM Nichol, RC Richards, GT Rix, HW Sheldon, ES Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Ivezic, Z Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Schneider, DP York, DG AF Inada, N Oguri, M Pindor, B Hennawi, JF Chiu, KL Zheng, W Ichikawa, SI Gregg, MD Becker, RH Suto, Y Strauss, MA Turner, EL Keeton, CR Annis, J Castander, FJ Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Johnston, DE Kent, SM Nichol, RC Richards, GT Rix, HW Sheldon, ES Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Ivezic, Z Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Schneider, DP York, DG TI A gravitationally lensed quasar with quadruple images separated by 14.62 arcseconds SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DENSITY PROFILE; ANGULAR SEPARATIONS; DARK HALOS; STATISTICS; CAMERA; SPECTROGRAPH; SYSTEM AB Gravitational lensing is a powerful tool for the study of the distribution of dark matter in the Universe. The cold-dark-matter model of the formation of large-scale structures ( that is, clusters of galaxies and even larger assemblies) predicts(1-6) the existence of quasars gravitationally lensed by concentrations of dark matter(7) so massive that the quasar images would be split by over 7 arcsec. Numerous searches(8-11) for large-separation lensed quasars have, however, been unsuccessful. All of the roughly 70 lensed quasars known(12), including the first lensed quasar discovered(13), have smaller separations that can be explained in terms of galaxy-scale concentrations of baryonic matter. Although gravitationally lensed galaxies(14) with large separations are known, quasars are more useful cosmological probes because of the simplicity of the resulting lens systems. Here we report the discovery of a lensed quasar, SDSS J1004+4112, which has a maximum separation between the components of 14.62 arcsec. Such a large separation means that the lensing object must be dominated by dark matter. Our results are fully consistent with theoretical expectations(3-5) based on the cold-dark-matter model. C1 Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Inada, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM inada@utap.phys.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Oguri, Masamune/C-6230-2011; Turner, Edwin/A-4295-2011; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; PINDOR, BARTOSZ/0000-0003-3240-2437 NR 30 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6968 BP 810 EP 812 DI 10.1038/nature02153 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 754QM UT WOS:000187342000049 PM 14685230 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Ammosov, VV Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Baturin, V Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Borysenko, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Chiang, HC Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Santis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Ely, J Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Fox, B Franz, J Frullani, S Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Garutti, E Gaskell, D Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Greeniaus, LG Gregor, IM Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kisselev, A Konigsmann, K Kopytin, M Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Lindemann, T Lipka, K Lorenzon, W Lu, J Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Marianski, B Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Pickert, N Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schill, C Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shanidze, R Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Simani, MC Sinram, K Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stosslein, U Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Tkabladze, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, P van der Steenhoven, G Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Vogel, C Vogt, M Volmer, J Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Smit, GY Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zohrabian, H Zupranski, P AF Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Ammosov, VV Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Baturin, V Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Borysenko, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Chiang, HC Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Santis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Ely, J Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Fox, B Franz, J Frullani, S Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Garutti, E Gaskell, D Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Greeniaus, LG Gregor, IM Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kisselev, A Konigsmann, K Kopytin, M Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Lindemann, T Lipka, K Lorenzon, W Lu, J Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Marianski, B Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Pickert, N Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schill, C Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shanidze, R Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Simani, MC Sinram, K Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stosslein, U Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Tkabladze, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, P van der Steenhoven, G Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Vogel, C Vogt, M Volmer, J Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Smit, GY Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zohrabian, H Zupranski, P CA HERMES Collaboration TI Quark fragmentation to pi(+/-), pi(0), K-+/-, p and (p)over-bar in the nuclear environment SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS; ELECTROMAGNETIC CORRECTIONS; SCATTERING; HADRONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DEUTERIUM; MATTER; ELECTROPRODUCTION; LEPTOPRODUCTION; COLLISIONS AB The influence of the nuclear medium on lepto-production of hadrons was studied in the HERMES experiment at DESY in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of 27.6 GeV positrons off deuterium, nitrogen and krypton targets. The differential multiplicity for krypton relative to that of deuterium has been measured for the first time for various identified hadrons (pi(+), pi(-), pi(0), K+, K-, p and (p) over bar) as a function of the virtual photon energy v, the fraction z of this energy transferred to the hadron, and the hadron transverse momentum squared p(t)(2). The multiplicity ratio is strongly reduced in the nuclear medium at low v and high z, with significant differences among the various hadrons. The distribution of the hadron transverse momentum is broadened towards high p(t)(2) in the nuclear medium, in a manner resembling the Cronin effect previously observed in collisions of heavy ions and protons with nuclei. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sez Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70124 Bari, Italy. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys Nucl, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen Synchtroton, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fac Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. State Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Giessen Klinikum, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Andrezej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00689 Warsaw, Poland. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Ryckbosch, D (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RI Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Negodaev, Mikhail/A-7026-2014; El Alaoui, Ahmed/B-4638-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015 NR 47 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.026 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 749VH UT WOS:000186949200004 ER PT J AU Chasman, RR AF Chasman, RR TI n-p pairing - diagonal matrix elements: Wigner energy, symmetry energy and spectroscopy SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED QUASI-SPIN; NUCLEI; N=Z; ISOSPIN; ORIGIN AB The role of diagonal matrix elements in n-p pairing is investigated. It is found that diagonal matrix elements, calculated with reasonable two-body interactions, explain the Wigner energy and the symmetry energy in a transparent way. It is also found that the diagonal matrix elements explain most of the changes in level density near ground of N = Z odd-odd nuclei as compared to N = Z + 2 odd-odd nuclei. In addition, it is found that diagonal matrix elements have a major effect on the excitation energies of particle states relative to hole states in odd-mass nuclides near the N = Z line. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chasman@anl.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.014 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 749VH UT WOS:000186949200005 ER PT J AU Jalilian-Marian, J Nara, Y Venugopalan, R AF Jalilian-Marian, J Nara, Y Venugopalan, R TI The Cronin effect, quantum evolution and the color glass condensate SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; P-A INTERACTIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELDS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; SMALL-X; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; PARTON SATURATION; ROOT-S=38.8 GEV AB We show that the numerical solution of the classical SU(3) Yang-Mills equations. of motion in the McLerran-Venugopalan model for gluon production in central heavy ion collisions leads to a suppression at low p(t) and an enhancement at the intermediate p(t) region as compared to peripheral heavy ion and pp collisions at the same energy. Our results are compared to previous, color glass condensate inspired calculations of gluon production in heavy ion collisions. We revisit the predictions of the color glass condensate model for pA (dA) collisions in leading order and show that quantum evolution-in particular, the phenomenon of geometric scaling and change of anomalous dimensions-preserves the Cronin enhancement of pA cross section (when normalized to the leading twist term) in the leading order approximation even though the p(t) spectrum can change. We comment on the case when gluon radiation is included. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jalilian-Marian, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ynara@physics.arizona.edu NR 80 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.09.097 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 749VH UT WOS:000186949200006 ER PT J AU Szczepaniak, AP Swanson, ES AF Szczepaniak, AP Swanson, ES TI The low-lying glueball spectrum SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-THEORIES; LATTICE; MASS; QCD; OPERATOR; MODEL; STATE AB The complete low-lying positive charge conjugation glueball spectrum is obtained from QCD. The formalism relies on the construction of an efficient quasiparticle gluon basis for Hamiltonian QCD in Coulomb gauge. The resulting rapidly convergent Fock space expansion is exploited to derive quenched low-lying glueball masses with no free parameters which are in remarkable agreement with lattice gauge theory. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Ctr Nucl Theory, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM szczepa@indiana.edu NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 18 PY 2003 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 749VH UT WOS:000186949200007 ER PT J AU Menon, S Brenguier, JL Boucher, O Davison, P Del Genio, AD Feichter, J Ghan, S Guibert, S Liu, XH Lohmann, U Pawlowska, H Penner, JE Quaas, J Roberts, DL Schuller, L Snider, J AF Menon, S Brenguier, JL Boucher, O Davison, P Del Genio, AD Feichter, J Ghan, S Guibert, S Liu, XH Lohmann, U Pawlowska, H Penner, JE Quaas, J Roberts, DL Schuller, L Snider, J TI Evaluating aerosol/cloud/radiation process parameterizations with single-column models and Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) cloudy column observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol indirect effect; cloud microphysics; cloud optics ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CLIMATE MODEL; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; FORECASTING SYSTEM; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; SOLAR-RADIATION AB The Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) data set along with ECMWF reanalysis meteorological fields provided the basis for the single column model (SCM) simulations, performed as part of the PACE (Parameterization of the Aerosol Indirect Climatic Effect) project. Six different SCMs were used to simulate ACE-2 case studies of clean and polluted cloudy boundary layers, with the objective being to identify limitations of the aerosol/cloud/radiation interaction schemes within the range of uncertainty in in situ, reanalysis and satellite retrieved data. The exercise proceeds in three steps. First, SCMs are configured with the same fine vertical resolution as the ACE-2 in situ data base to evaluate the numerical schemes for prediction of aerosol activation, radiative transfer and precipitation formation. Second, the same test is performed at the coarser vertical resolution of GCMs to evaluate its impact on the performance of the parameterizations. Finally, SCMs are run for a 24-48 hr period to examine predictions of boundary layer clouds when initialized with large-scale meteorological fields. Several schemes were tested for the prediction of cloud droplet number concentration (N). Physically based activation schemes using vertical velocity show noticeable discrepancies compared to empirical schemes due to biases in the diagnosed cloud base vertical velocity. Prognostic schemes exhibit a larger variability than the diagnostic ones, due to a coupling between aerosol activation and drizzle scavenging in the calculation of N. When SCMs are initialized at a fine vertical resolution with locally observed vertical profiles of liquid water, predicted optical properties are comparable to observations. Predictions however degrade at coarser vertical resolution and are more sensitive to the mean liquid water path than to its spatial heterogeneity. Predicted precipitation fluxes are severely underestimated and improve when accounting for sub-grid liquid water variability. Results from the 24-48 hr runs suggest that most models have problems in simulating boundary layer cloud morphology, since the large-scale initialization fields do not accurately reproduce observed meteorological conditions. As a result, models significantly overestimate optical properties. Improved cloud morphologies were obtained for models with subgrid inversions and subgrid cloud thickness schemes. This may be a result of representing subgrid scale effects though we do not rule out the possibility that better large-forcing data may also improve cloud morphology predictions. C1 Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, EETD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, Meteo France, CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Climate Phys Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Weltraumwissensch, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM smenon@giss.nasa.gov RI Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; PAWLOWSKA, Hanna/C-9827-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009 OI Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; PAWLOWSKA, Hanna/0000-0002-5345-778X; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785 NR 75 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D24 AR 4762 DI 10.1029/2003JD003902 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 760WM UT WOS:000187858300013 ER PT J AU Sengupta, M Ackerman, TP AF Sengupta, M Ackerman, TP TI Investigating anomalous absorption using surface measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE anomalous absorption ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT; SOLAR-RADIATION; CLOUDS; SCATTERING; SITE AB Flux measurements from the 415 nm band of the multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer and liquid water path from the microwave radiometer were used to derive effective radii in warm boundary layer clouds at the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Measurement Program Southern Great Plains site. Surface fluxes computed using the effective radii retrieved using 415 nm measurements showed no bias when compared with observed broadband fluxes. It is therefore inferred that there is no excess absorption at solar and near-infrared wavelengths in the presence of warm boundary layer clouds. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sengupta@cira.colostate.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D24 AR 4761 DI 10.1029/2003JD003411 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 760WM UT WOS:000187858300003 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, A Koyama, T Mito, T Wada, S Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Wang, ZP Johnston, DC AF Yamamoto, A Koyama, T Mito, T Wada, S Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Wang, ZP Johnston, DC TI Magnetic properties of copper cluster-spins in BaCuO2+x (x=0 and 0.14), investigated by magnetization and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RELAXATION AB To clarify the combined magnetic behaviour of BaCuO2+x, which contains in the body-centred-cubic unit cell two Cu18O24 spherical clusters, eight Cu6O12 ring clusters, and six CuO4 lone units, we made measurements of magnetization, Cu-63,Cu-65 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) near 6 T, and pure quadrupole resonance (PQR) in zero field on samples with well-defined oxygen contents x = 0 and 0.14. Quantitative analyses of Curie-Weiss-like susceptibility data for BaCuO2.00 indicate that Cu spins within the Cu-6 clusters go into a ferromagnetically (FM) ordered ground state with a maximum spin S-r = 3 below similar to100 K, and those within the Cu-18 clusters into an FM-like ground state below similar to20 K with net spin S-s similar to5 that is less than the maximum possible spin S-s = 9. For BaCuO2.14 the Cu spins within the Cu-6 clusters go into an FM ordered ground state at a lower temperature of similar to30 K, and these clusters exhibit no signature of long-range magnetic ordering down to 2 K. The NMR spectra for BaCuO2.00 observed below similar to12 K have a trapezoidal structure that is known to be a characteristic of long-range magnetic ordering, and is consistent with the antiferromagnetic ordering of the Cu-6 clusters below T-N = 15 K predicted previously. On the other hand, the spectrum for BaCuO2.14 observed in a temperature range between 1.2 and similar to50 K has an electric quadrupole-split powder pattern structure. This provides microscopic evidence that there is no long-range magnetic ordering in BaCuO2.14. The addition of 0.14 moles of oxygen atoms results in a large suppression of some magnetic entities. We find, however, some anomalies in the NMR and PQR data for BaCuO2.14 near similar to10K, which could be associated with short-range ordering of the paramagnetic Cu-18 clusters. C1 Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yamamoto, A (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM wada@phys.sci.kobe-u.ac.jp NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 49 BP 8587 EP 8598 AR PII S0953-8984(03)69715-8 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/49/029 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 775XD UT WOS:000189085200032 ER PT J AU Gu, WW Gencic, S Cramer, SP Grahame, DA AF Gu, WW Gencic, S Cramer, SP Grahame, DA TI The a-cluster in subunit beta of the acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase complex from Methanosarcina thermophila: Ni and FeK-Edge XANES and EXAFS analyses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE DEHYDROGENASE; FERROUS FE4S4 CLUSTER; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOACETICUM; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; ENZYME COMPLEX; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IRON PROTEIN; NICKEL SITES; SYNTHASE AB The acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase (ACDS) complex catalyzes the cleavage of acetyl-CoA in methanogens that metabolize acetate to CO2 and CH4, and also carries out acetyl-CoA synthesis during growth on one-carbon substrates. The ACDS complex contains five subunits, among which beta possesses an Ni-Fe-S active-site metal cluster, the A-cluster, at which reaction with acetyl-CoA takes place, generating an acetyl-enzyme species poised for C-C bond cleavage. We have used Ni and Fe K fluorescence XANES and EXAFS analyses to characterize these metals in the ACDS beta subunit, expressed as a C-terminally shortened form. Fe XANES and EXAFS confirmed the presence of an [Fe4S4] cluster, with typical Fe-S and Fe-Fe distances of 2.3 and 2.7 Angstrom respectively. An Fe:Ni ratio of similar to2:1 was found by Kalphabeta fluorescence analysis, indicating 2 Ni per [Fe4S4]. Ni XANES simulations were consistent with two distinct Ni sites in cluster A, and the observed spectrum could be modeled as the sum of separate square planar and tetrahedral Ni sites. Treatment of the beta subunit with Ti3+ citrate resulted in shifts to lower energy, implying significant reduction of the [Fe4S4] center, along with conversion of a smaller fraction of Ni(II) to Ni(I). Reaction with CO in the presence of Ti3+ citrate generated a unique Ni XANES spectrum, while effects on the Fe-edge were not very different from the reaction with Ti3+ alone. Ni EXAFS revealed an average Ni coordination of 2.5 S at 2.19 Angstrom and 1.5 N/O at 1.89 Angstrom. A distinct feature at similar to2.95 Angstrom most likely results from Ni-Ni interaction. The methanogen beta subunit A-cluster is proposed to consist of an [Fe4S4] cluster bridged to an Ni-Ni center with one Ni in square planar geometry coordinated by 2 S + 2 N and the other approximately tetrahedral with 3 S + 1 N/O ligands. The electronic consequences of two distinct Ni geometries are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Grahame, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 44380, GM 65440] NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 50 BP 15343 EP 15351 DI 10.1021/ja036602a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 753AF UT WOS:000187208300025 PM 14664578 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Neuefeind, J Beitz, JV Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L AF Jensen, MP Neuefeind, J Beitz, JV Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L TI Mechanisms of metal ion transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids: The role of anion exchange SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DODECAHEDRAL COORDINATION; EUROPIUM COMPLEXES; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HECK REACTION; CROWN-ETHER; SALTS; PHASE AB The structure and stoichiometry of the lanthanide(III) (Ln) complexes with the ligand 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Htta) formed in a biphasic aqueous room-temperature ionic liquid system have been studied by complementary physicochemical methods. Equilibrium thermodynamics, optical absorption and luminescence spectroscopies, high-energy X-ray scattering, EXAFS, and molecular dynamics simulations all support the formation of anionic Nd(tta)(4)(-) or Eu(tta)(4)(-) complexes with no water coordinated to the metal center in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (C(4)mim(+)Tf(2)N(-)), rather than the hydrated, neutral complexes, M(tta)(3)(H(2)O)(n) (n = 2 or 3), that form in nonpolar molecular solvents, such as xylene or chloroform. The presence of anionic lanthanide complexes in C(4)mim(+)Tf(2)N(-) is made possible by the exchange of the ionic liquid anions into the aqueous phase for the lanthanide complex. The resulting complexes in the ionic liquid phase should be thought of as weak C(4),mim(+)Ln(tta)(4)(-) ion pairs which exert little influence on the structure of the ionic liquid phase. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mjensen@anl.gov RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 82 TC 238 Z9 243 U1 13 U2 119 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 50 BP 15466 EP 15473 DI 10.1021/ja037577b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 753AF UT WOS:000187208300039 PM 14664592 ER PT J AU Balakrishnan, S Roy, A Ierapetritou, MG Flach, GP Georgopoulos, PG AF Balakrishnan, S Roy, A Ierapetritou, MG Flach, GP Georgopoulos, PG TI Uncertainty reduction and characterization for complex environmental fate and transport models: An empirical Bayesian framework incorporating the stochastic response surface method SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SRSM; Bayesian inference; Metropolis Hastings; Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC); input distributions; uncertainty analysis ID GROUNDWATER INVERSE PROBLEM; SYSTEMS AB [1] In this work, a computationally efficient Bayesian framework for the reduction and characterization of parametric uncertainty in computationally demanding environmental 3-D numerical models has been developed. The framework is based on the combined application of the Stochastic Response Surface Method (SRSM, which generates accurate and computationally efficient statistically equivalent reduced models) and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The application selected to demonstrate this framework involves steady state groundwater flow at the U. S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site General Separations Area, modeled using the Subsurface Flow And Contaminant Transport (FACT) code. Input parameter uncertainty, based initially on expert opinion, was found to decrease in all variables of the posterior distribution. The joint posterior distribution obtained was then further used for the final uncertainty analysis of the stream base flows and well location hydraulic head values. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Savannagh River Technol Ctr, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Balakrishnan, S (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 AR 1350 DI 10.1029/2002WR001810 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 760XM UT WOS:000187860600002 ER PT J AU Glass, RJ Nicholl, MJ Rajaram, H Wood, TR AF Glass, RJ Nicholl, MJ Rajaram, H Wood, TR TI Unsaturated flow through fracture networks: Evolution of liquid phase structure, dynamics, and the critical importance of fracture intersections SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fractured rock; fracture intersections; capillary barrier; fingering; preferential flow; pulsation; hysteresis ID INVASION PERCOLATION MODEL; ROUGH-WALLED FRACTURES; POROUS-MEDIA; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; ROCK FRACTURES; 2-PHASE FLOW; WATER; PHYSICS AB [1] Experiments and analyses are presented to elucidate the critical control of fracture intersections on the evolution and dynamics of the liquid phase structure within unsaturated fracture networks in impermeable media. Phase structure was visualized within a thick vertical sheet of broken glass where the breaks constituted the fracture network. The critical system parameters, applied flow rate (viscous forces) and initial condition, were varied in a series of experiments. When initially dry, individual fracture intersections acted as capillary barriers and created a repeated dynamic from which a network-scale "slender-ladder'' phase structure emerges that is composed of pools above each intersection joined by fingers or "tendrils'' below. At low-flow rates, pulsation is found at intersections, within fingers, and along horizontal fractures. In some cases, pulsation extends to larger volume "cascade'' events where several intersections act in concert. At higher-flow rates, viscous forces remove pulsation. Reinvasion upon drainage demonstrates that when initially wet, the capillary barrier behavior of the individual fracture intersections vanishes and intersections are rapidly spanned. This marked hysteretic response tends to guide flow and cause pathway persistence from one event to the next. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Glass, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Mail Stop 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 AR 1352 DI 10.1029/2003WR002015 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 760XM UT WOS:000187860600004 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF Doughty, C AF Tsang, CF Doughty, C TI Multirate flowing fluid electric conductivity logging method SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fluid logging; heterogeneous porous media; fracture flow; hydrologic characterization ID FRACTURE INFLOW PARAMETERS AB [1] The flowing fluid electric conductivity logging method involves the replacement of well bore water by deionized or constant-salinity water, followed by constant pumping with rate Q, during which a series of fluid electric conductivity logs are taken. The logs can be analyzed to identify depth locations of inflow and evaluate the transmissivity and electric conductivity (salinity) of the fluid at each inflow point. The present paper proposes the use of the method with two or more pumping rates. In particular, it is recommended that the method be applied three times with pumping rates Q, Q/2, and 2Q. Then a combined analysis of the multirate data allows an efficient means of determining transmissivity and salinity values of all inflow points along a well with a confidence measure, as well as their ambient or "far-field'' pressure heads. The method is illustrated by a practical example. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 AR 1354 DI 10.1029/2003WR002308 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 760XM UT WOS:000187860600006 ER PT J AU Walker, DD Roberts, RM AF Walker, DD Roberts, RM TI Flow dimensions corresponding to hydrogeologic conditions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydraulic test; generalized radial flow; flow dimension; heterogeneity; aquifer test ID PUMPING TESTS; NONUNIFORM AQUIFERS; JACOBS METHOD; WELLS; MEDIA AB [1] The generalized radial flow approach to hydraulic test interpretation uses the flow dimension to describe the change in flow area versus radial distance from the borehole. The flow dimension of a hydraulic test may reflect several characteristics of the hydrogeologic system, including heterogeneity, boundaries, and leakage. We show that a radial flow system with a linear, constant-head boundary asymptotically reaches a flow dimension of four, while the flow dimension of a leaky aquifer is a function of time and the leakage factor. We use numerical techniques to show that a stationary transmissivity field with a modest level of heterogeneity has a flow dimension that stabilizes at two. We also show that the flow dimension for a nonstationary transmissivity field depends on the form and magnitude of the nonstationarity. The flow dimension observed during hydraulic tests helps identify admissible conceptual models for the tested system, and places hydraulic testing in its full hydrogeologic context. C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Walker, DD (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 17 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 AR 1349 DI 10.1029/2002WR001511 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 760XM UT WOS:000187860600001 ER PT J AU Mehboob, S Jacob, J May, M Kotula, L Thiyagarajan, P Johnson, ME Fung, LWM AF Mehboob, S Jacob, J May, M Kotula, L Thiyagarajan, P Johnson, ME Fung, LWM TI Structural analysis of the alpha N-terminal region of erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins by small-angle X-ray scattering SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TETRAMER BINDING-SITE; BETA-SPECTRIN; SELF-ASSOCIATION; ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS; PH-DEPENDENCE; DOMAIN; INITIATION; SEQUENCE; MEMBRANE; ANKYRIN AB We used SpalphaI-1- 156 peptide, a well-characterized model peptide of the alphaN-terminal region of erythrocyte spectrin, and SpalphaII-1-149, an alphaII brain spectrin model peptide similar in sequence to SpalphaI-1- 156, to study their association affinities with a betaI-spectrin peptide, SpbetaI- 1898-2083, by isothermal titration calorimetry. We also determined their conformational flexibilities in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methods. These two peptides exhibit sequence homology and could be expected to exhibit similar association affinities with beta-spectrin. However, our studies show that the affinity of SpalphaII-1- 149 with SpbetaI- 1898-2083 is much higher than that of SpalphaII-1- 156. Our SAXS findings also indicate a significantly more extended conformation for SpalphaII- 1 - 149 than for SpalphaI-1-156. The radius of gyration values obtained by two different analyses of SAXS data and by molecular modeling all show a value of about 25 Angstrom for SpalphaI-1- 156 and of about 30 Angstrom for SpalphaII- 1 - 149, despite the fact that SpalphaI-1- 156 has seven amino acid residues more than SpalphaII- 1 - 149. For SpalphaI - 1 - 156, the SAXS results are consistent with a flexible junction between helix C' and the triple helical bundle that allows multiple orientations between these two structural elements, in good agreement with our published NMR analysis. The SAXS findings for SpalphaII - 1 - 149 support the hypothesis that this junction region is rigid (and probably helical) for alphaII brain spectrin. The nature of the junction region, from one extreme as a random coil (conformationally mobile) segment in W to another extreme as a rigid segment in alphaII, determines the orientation of helix C' relative to the first structural domain. We suggest that this particular junction region in alpha-spectrin plays a major role in modulating its association affinity with beta-spectrins, and thus regulates spectrin tetramer levels. We also note that these are the first conformational studies of brain spectrin. C1 Univ Illinois, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Mol Neurobiol Lab, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Fung, LWM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, 900 S Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Johnson, Michael/F-5141-2013; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR15958] NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 16 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 49 BP 14702 EP 14710 DI 10.1021/bi0353833 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 753PU UT WOS:000187240400040 PM 14661984 ER PT J AU Daganzo, SM Erzberger, JP Lam, WM Skordalakes, E Zhang, RG Franco, AA Brill, SJ Adams, PD Berger, JM Kaufman, PD AF Daganzo, SM Erzberger, JP Lam, WM Skordalakes, E Zhang, RG Franco, AA Brill, SJ Adams, PD Berger, JM Kaufman, PD TI Structure and function of the conserved core of histone deposition protein Asf1 SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLY FACTOR-I; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DNA-REPLICATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HUMAN HOMOLOG; HIR PROTEINS; CHROMATIN; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING; COMPLEX AB Background: Asf1 is a ubiquitous eukaryotic histone binding and deposition protein that mediates nucleosome formation in vitro and is required for genome stability in vivo. Studies in a variety of organisms have defined Asf1's role as a histone chaperone during DNA replication through specific interactions with histones H3/H4 and the histone deposition factor CAF-I. In addition to its role in replication, conserved interactions with proteins involved in chromatin silencing, transcription, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair have also established Asf1 as an important component of a number of chromatin assembly and modulation complexes. Results: We demonstrate that the highly conserved N-terminal domain of S. cerevisiae Asf1 (Asf1N) is the core region that mediates all tested functions of the full-length protein. The crystal structure of this core domain, determined to 1.5 Angstrom resolution, reveals a compact immunoglobulin-like beta sandwich fold topped by three helical linkers. The surface of Asf1 displays a conserved hydrophobic groove flanked on one side by an area of strong electronegative surface potential. These regions represent potential binding sites for histones and other interacting proteins. The structural model also allowed us to interpret mutagenesis studies of the human Asf1a/HIRA interaction and to functionally define the region of Asf1 responsible for Hir1-dependent telomeric silencing in budding yeast. Conclusions: The evolutionarily conserved, N-terminal 155 amino acids of histone deposition protein Asf1 are functional in vitro and in vivo. This core region of Asf1 adopts a compact immunoglobulin-fold structure with distinct surface characteristics, including a Hir protein binding region required for gene silencing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Kaufman, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Skordalakes, Emmanuel/0000-0002-7600-2833 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 55712, GM 055583, R01 GM 62281, R01 GM055583-06, R01 GM055712] NR 60 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 16 PY 2003 VL 13 IS 24 BP 2148 EP 2158 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.027 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 756GB UT WOS:000187456500021 PM 14680630 ER PT J AU Moore, DS McGrane, SD AF Moore, DS McGrane, SD TI Comparative infrared and Raman spectroscopy of energetic polymers SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE energetic polymers; Raman; infrared; vibrational spectroscopy ID TEMPERATURE AB Infrared and Raman spectra of three energetic polymers, nitrocellulose, glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), and polyvinyl nitrate (PVN), are presented and compared. The bands are assigned to predominant characteristic motions by comparison to similar materials and the literature. The Raman spectra of PVN and GAP, even with 785 nm excitation, are partially obscured by native fluorescence. The inhomogeneous broadening evident in these spectra has implications for use of these energetic polymers in ultrafast spectroscopic studies of shock-induced chemistry. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, Mail Stop P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD DEC 16 PY 2003 VL 661 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1016/S0022-2860(03)00522-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 753PH UT WOS:000187239400056 ER PT J AU Zhang, B Li, FM Houk, RS Armstrong, DW AF Zhang, B Li, FM Houk, RS Armstrong, DW TI Pore exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for monitoring elements in bacteria: A study on microbial removal of uranium from aqueous solution SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; HEAVY-METALS; SIZE; ACCUMULATION; BIOSORPTION; PROTEINS; DISPOSAL; SORPTION; SERUM; U(VI) AB The interstitial spaces between spherical particles in a packed column can act as a sieve that passes microorganisms below a certain size. If the bed is a perfusion-type material (containing a binary distribution of large and small pores), colloidal-size microorganisms are subject only to pore exclusion, while all molecules are subject to size exclusion among the various pores. Thus, microorganisms elute first, followed by macromolecules, and then small molecules. Coupling this separation method to an ICP magnetic sector mass spectrometer provides a sensitive, direct means to study the microbial uptake of heavy metals (i.e., uranium) from their surrounding environments. Multiple metal ions can be monitored in the microorganism and in the surrounding solution. In this way, definitive information can be provided for the remediation of radioactive waste sites. The effect of uranium on microbial growth is also discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Armstrong, DW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 24 BP 6901 EP 6905 DI 10.1021/ac0348017 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 754BN UT WOS:000187283000019 PM 14670051 ER PT J AU Miyabe, K Cavazzini, A Gritti, F Kele, M Guiochon, G AF Miyabe, K Cavazzini, A Gritti, F Kele, M Guiochon, G TI Moment analysis of mass-transfer kinetics in C-18-silica monolithic columns SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POROUS SILICA COLUMNS; SOL-GEL SYSTEM; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; RESTRICTED DIFFUSION; MOLECULAR-DIFFUSION; POLYACRYLIC-ACID; BAND PROFILES; PERFORMANCE; SEPARATION AB The moment analysis of elution peak profiles based on new moment equations provides information on the mass-transfer characteristics of C-18-silica monolithic columns. The flow rate dependence of the HETP data was analyzed using the generalized van Deemter equation, after correction of these data by subtraction of the external mass-transfer contribution to band broadening. Kinetic parameters and diffusion coefficients related to the mass-transfer processes in monolithic columns were derived by taking advantage of the different flow velocity dependence of their contributions to band broadening. At high flow rates, axial dispersion and diffusive migration across the monolithic C-18-silica skeleton contribute much to band broadening, suggesting that it remains important to reduce the influence of eddy diffusion and the mass-transfer resistance in the stationary phase to achieve fast separations and a high efficiency. Surface diffusion plays a predominant role for molecular migration in the monolithic stationary phase. Although the value of the surface diffusion coefficient (D-s) depends on an estimate of the external mass-transfer coefficient, D-s values of the order of 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1) were calculated for the first time for the C-18-silica monolithic skeleton. The value of D-s decreases with increasing retention of sample compounds. Analysis of a kind of time constant calculated from Ds suggests that the "chromatographic corresponding particle size" is similar to4 mum for the C-18-silica monolithic stationary phase used in this study. The accuracy of the D-s values determined was discussed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Nagoya Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668555, Japan. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Waters Corp, Milford, MA 01757 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cavazzini, Alberto/B-7051-2015 OI Cavazzini, Alberto/0000-0002-2510-0871 NR 48 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 24 BP 6975 EP 6986 DI 10.1021/ac0302206 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 754BN UT WOS:000187283000029 PM 14670061 ER PT J AU Qi, L Lee, BI Gu, XJ Grujicic, M Samuels, WD Exarhos, GJ AF Qi, L Lee, BI Gu, XJ Grujicic, M Samuels, WD Exarhos, GJ TI Concentration efficiency of doping in phosphors: Investigation of the copper- and aluminum-doped zinc sulfide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZNS AB We studied the effect of dopant concentration in ZnS:Cu, Al phosphor. Photoluminescent (PL) intensity of the chemically etched phosphor particles increased up to 140%, which proved the existence of a dopant concentration gradient. Calculation revealed the quantitative relationship between the dopant concentration and the luminescent intensity by relating the concentration gradient to the PL intensity. The result showed that the most efficient concentration is 100 ppm copper and the concentration quenching starts at 152 ppm. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Qi, L (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 24 BP 4945 EP 4947 DI 10.1063/1.1633335 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 752RR UT WOS:000187181400017 ER PT J AU Benmore, CJ Weber, JKR Siewenie, JE Hiera, KJ AF Benmore, CJ Weber, JKR Siewenie, JE Hiera, KJ TI Structure of Nd-doped glasses measured by isotopic substitution in neutron diffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MAS-NMR; ABSORPTION; ENVIRONMENT; SILICATE; CATIONS AB The structural environment of Nd ions in glasses can have a significant effect on their performance in optical devices. Isotopic substitution in neutron diffraction has been used to probe the structure of Nd2O3 doped SiO2 and La2O3+Y2O3+Al2O3 glasses. In the silicate glass, Nd is found to be similar tosixfold coordinated by oxygen atoms at a distance of 2.28(2) A with additional Nd-O/Si correlations at 3.55(3), 4.78(3), 5.89(3) Angstrom, and higher distances. In the rare-earth aluminate glass a peak at 2.49(2) Angstrom and a shoulder at similar to3 Angstrom indicate the presence of 8 or higher coordinate Nd polyhedra by comparison with bond valence theory. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Benmore, CJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 24 BP 4954 EP 4956 DI 10.1063/1.1634690 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 752RR UT WOS:000187181400020 ER PT J AU Li, SX Wu, J Haller, EE Walukiewicz, W Shan, W Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Li, SX Wu, J Haller, EE Walukiewicz, W Shan, W Lu, H Schaff, WJ TI Hydrostatic pressure dependence of the fundamental bandgap of InN and In-rich group III nitride alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WURTZITE GAN; ENERGY-GAP; SEMICONDUCTORS; ALN; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; STRAIN; GROWTH; EDGE AB We report studies of the hydrostatic pressure dependence of the fundamental bandgap of InN, In-rich In1-xGaxN (0 Al > Zn > Fe. In the presence of both zerovalent and divalent lead and zerovalent copper in subcritical water (350 degreesC, 1 h), 99% of the Aroclor 1254 mixture (tetra-to heptachlorinated biphenyls) was dechlorinated. High dechlorination (ca. 95%) was also achieved with zerovalent aluminum. In contrast to other metals, lead retained its degradation ability at a lower temperature of 250 degreesC after 18 h. The high degradation efficiency achieved using metal additives in water at reasonable temperatures and pressures demonstrates the potential for subcritical water dechlorination of PCBs in paint scrapings and, potentially, in other solid and liquid wastes. C1 Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Kubatova, A (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Campus box 9018, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. OI Kubatova, Alena/0000-0002-2318-5883 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 24 BP 5757 EP 5762 DI 10.1021/es030437h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753UB UT WOS:000187248000039 PM 14717191 ER PT J AU Sachleben, RA Bryan, JC Engle, NL Haverlock, TJ Hay, BP Urvoas, A Moyer, BA AF Sachleben, RA Bryan, JC Engle, NL Haverlock, TJ Hay, BP Urvoas, A Moyer, BA TI Rational design of cesium-selective ionophores: Dihydrocalix[4]arene crown-6 ethers SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alkali metals; calixarenes; liquid-liquid extraction; molecular modeling ID SUPPORTED LIQUID MEMBRANES; OH-DEPLETED CALIX<4>ARENES; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; 1,3-ALTERNATE CONFORMATION; REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE; FORCE-FIELD; CALIXARENES; EXTRACTION; LIGANDS; ALKALI AB Molecular mechanics calculations performed on calix[4]arene crown-6 ethers predict that the 1,3-dihydro derivatives will exhibit greater complementarity for potassium and cesium ions than the parent 1,3-bis(alkyloxy) calixcrowns. The X-ray crystal structures of 1,3-alt-bis(octyloxy)calix[4]arene benzocrown-6 ether, dihydrocalix[4]arene benzocrown-6 ether, and the cesium nitrate complex of dihydrocalix[4]-arene benzocrown-6 ether were determined. The structure of the cesium complex corresponds closely to the structure predicted by molecular mechanics. The dihydrocalix[4]arene crown-6 ethers exhibit enhanced cesium selectivity in the extraction of alkali-metal salts. (C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sachleben, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS 6119-4500S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM moyerba@ornl.gov RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016; OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277; Engle, Nancy/0000-0003-0290-7987 NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-193X J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 IS 24 BP 4862 EP 4869 DI 10.1002/ejoc.200300002 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 756JD UT WOS:000187461200024 ER PT J AU Osz, K Espenson, JH AF Osz, K Espenson, JH TI A non-radical chain mechanism for oxygen atom transfer with a thiorhenium(V) catalyst SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PYRIDINE N-OXIDES; OXORHENIUM(V); COMPLEXES; KINETICS; DIMER; MONOMERIZATION; SULFOXIDE; BONDS AB The compound MeRe(S)(mtp)(PPh3), 2, where mtpH(2) is 2-(mercaptomethyl)thiophenol, was used to catalyze the reaction between pyridine N-oxides, PyO, and triphenylphosphine. The rate law is -d[PyO]/dt = k(c)'[2].[PyO](1/2), with k(c)' at 25.0 degreesC in benzene = 0.68 (4-picoline N-oxide) and 3.5 x 10(-3) dm(3/2) mol(-1/2) s(-1) (4-NO2-pyridine N-oxide). A chain mechanism with three steady-state thiorhenium species as chain carriers is implicated. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 25 BP 8122 EP 8124 DI 10.1021/ic034933i PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 752LR UT WOS:000187162900001 PM 14658859 ER PT J AU Meyer, TJ Huynh, MHV AF Meyer, TJ Huynh, MHV TI The remarkable reactivity of high oxidation state ruthenium and osmium polypyridyl complexes SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COUPLED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; OXYGEN-EVOLVING CATALYST; MU-OXO DIMER; WATER OXIDATION; EXCITED-STATE; HYDRAZIDO COMPLEXES; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; HYDRIDE TRANSFER; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB There is a remarkable redox chemistry of higher oxidation state M(IV)-M(VI) polypyridyl complexes of Ru and Os. They are accessible by proton loss and formation of oxo or nitrido ligands, examples being cis-[Ru-IV(bpy)(2)(py)(O)](2+) (Ru-IV=O2+, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, and py = pyridine) and trans-[Os-VI(tpy)(Cl)(2)(N)](+) (tpy = 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine). Metal-oxo or metal-nitrido multiple bonding stabilizes the higher oxidation states and greatly influences reactivity. O-atom transfer, hydricle transfer, epoxiclation, C-H insertion, and proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanisms have been identified in the oxidation of organics by Ru-IV=O2+. The Ru-O multiple bond inhibits electron transfer and promotes complex mechanisms. Both O atoms can be used for O-atom transfer by trans-[Ru-VI(tpy)(O)(2)(S)](2+) (S = CH3CN or H2O). Four-electron, four-proton oxidation of cis, cis-[(bpy)(2)(H2O)Ru-III-O-Ru-III(H2O)(bpy)(2)](4+) occurs to give cis,cis-[(bpy)(2)(O)Ru-V-O-Ru-V(O)(bpy)(2)](4+) which rapidly evolves O-2. Oxidation of NH3 in trans-[Os-II(tpy)(Cl)(2)(NH3)] gives trans-[Os-VI(tpy)(Cl)(2)(N)](+) through a series of one-electron intermediates. It and related nitrido complexes undergo formal N- transfer analogous to O-atom transfer by Ru-IV=O2+. With secondary amines, the products are the hydrazido complexes, cis- and trans-[Os-V(L-3)(Cl)(2)(NNR2)](+) (L-3 = tpy or tpm and NR2- = morpholicle, piperidide, or diethylamide). Reactions with aryl thiols and secondary phosphines give the analogous adducts cis- and trans[Os-IV(tpy)(Cl)(2)(NS(H)(C6H4Me))](+) and fac-[Os-IV(Tp)(Cl)(2)(NP(H)(Et-2))]. In dry CH3CN, all have an extensive multiple oxidation state chemistry based on couples from Os(VI/V) to Os(III/II). In acidic solution, the Os(IV) adducts are protonated, e.g., trans-[Os-IV(tpy)(Cl)(2)(N(H)N(CH2)(4)O)](+), and undergo proton-coupled electron transfer to quinone to give Os(V), e.g., trans-[Os-v(tpy)(Cl)(2)(NN(CH2)(4)O)](+) and hydroquinone. These reactions occur with giant H/D kinetic isotope effects of up to 421 based on O-H, N-H, S-H, or P-H bonds. Reaction with azide ion has provided the first example of the terminal N-4(2-) ligand in mer-[Os-IV(bpy)(Cl)(3)(N(alpha)N(beta)N(gamma)Ndelta)](-). With CN-, the adduct mer-[Os-IV(bpy)(Cl)(3)(NCN)](-) has an extensive, reversible redox chemistry and undergoes NCN2- transfer to PPh3 and olefins. Coordination to Os also promotes ligand-based reactivity. The sulfoximido complex trans-[Os-IV(tpy)(Cl)(2)(NS(O)-pC(6)H(4)Me)] undergoes loss Of O-2 with added acid and O-atom transfer to trans-stilbene and PPh3. There is a reversible two-electron/two-proton, ligand-based acetonitrilo/imino couple in cis-[Os-IV(tpy)(NCCH3)(Cl)(p-NSC6H4Me)](+). It undergoes reversible reactions with aldehydes and ketones to give the corresponding alcohols. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 87 TC 229 Z9 229 U1 3 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 25 BP 8140 EP 8160 DI 10.1021/ic020731v PG 21 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 752LR UT WOS:000187162900007 PM 14658865 ER PT J AU Choe, W Pecharsky, AO Worle, M Miller, GJ AF Choe, W Pecharsky, AO Worle, M Miller, GJ TI "Nanoscale zippers" in Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4): Symmetry and chemical influences on the nanoscale zipping action SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRANSITION; GD-5(SI2GE2); GD5SI2GE2; GE; GD-5(SI1-XGEX)(4) AB One critical parameter influencing the structural nature of the phase transitions in magnetocaloric materials Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) is the Si/Ge ratio (x/1 - x), because transition temperatures and structures depend crucially on this value. In this study, single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that Si and Ge atoms are neither completely ordered nor randomly mixed among the three crystallographic sites for these elements in these structures. Ge atoms enrich the T sites linking the characteristic slabs in these structures, while Si atoms enrich the T sites within them. Decomposition of the total energy into site and bond energy terms provides a rationale for the observed distribution, which can be explained by symmetry and electronegativity arguments. For any composition in Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4), a structure map is presented that will allow for a rapid assessment of the specific structure type. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Inorgan Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gmiller@iastate.edu RI Choe, Wonyoung/H-8495-2012 OI Choe, Wonyoung/0000-0003-0957-1187 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 25 BP 8223 EP 8229 DI 10.1021/ic034941z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 752LR UT WOS:000187162900014 PM 14658872 ER PT J AU Condron, CL Miller, GJ Strand, JD Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Condron, CL Miller, GJ Strand, JD Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI A new look at bonding in trialuminides: Reinvestigation of TaAl3 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLICS; CRYSTALS AB Single crystals of TaAl3 were grown at high temperatures from an Al-rich, binary solution. TaAl3 adopts the D0(22) structure type, space group /4/mmm with a = 3.8412(5) Angstrom, c = 8.5402(17) Angstrom, and Z = 2. The structure type, which is the preferred structure for all group 5 trialuminides and TiAl3 as well as the high-temperature form of HfAl3, is a binary coloring of the face-centered-cubic (fcc) arrangement. The distribution of Ta atoms creates a three-dimensional network of vertex and edge-sharing square pyramids of Al atoms. Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements are consistent with TaAl3 being a metallic compound with a relatively low density of states at the Fermi surface. Furthermore, tight-binding electronic structure calculations are utilized to describe the bonding in these compounds and to compare their stability with respect to the alternative fcc-related, e.g., the D0(23) (ZrAl3-type) and the L1(2) (AuCu3-type), structures. A modified Wade's rule argument provides insights into the structural preferences. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 25 BP 8371 EP 8376 DI 10.1021/ic034927m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 752LR UT WOS:000187162900032 PM 14658890 ER PT J AU Mathew, AG Arnett, DB Cullen, P Ebner, PD AF Mathew, AG Arnett, DB Cullen, P Ebner, PD TI Characterization of resistance patterns and detection of apramycin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from swine exposed to various environmental conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; antibiotic resistance; swine; apramycin; stress ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PIGS; COLIBACILLOSIS; GENTAMICIN AB Weaned pigs were separated into eight treatments including a control without exposure to apramycin; a control with exposure to apramycin; and apramycin plus either cold stress, heat stress, overcrowding, intermingling, poor sanitation, or intervention with oxytetracycline, to determine the effects of management and environmental conditions on antibiotic resistance among indigenous Escherichia coli. Pigs exposed to apramycin sulfate received that antibiotic in the feed at a concentration of 150 g/ton for 14 days. Environmental treatments were applied 5 days following initial antibiotic administration and maintained throughout the study. Fecal samples were obtained on day 0 (prior to antibiotic treatment) and on days 2, 7, 14, 28, 64, 148, and 149. E. coli were isolated and tested for resistance to apramycin using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) broth microdilution method. Macrorestriction profiling, arbitrarily primed PCR, PCR targeting a gene coding for apramycin resistance, and DNA hybridization were used to characterize genetic elements of resistance. Increased (P < 0.0001) resistance to apramycin was noted in E. coli from all treatment groups administered apramycin. MICs of isolates from control pigs receiving apramycin returned to pretreatment levels following removal of the antibiotic, whereas isolates from cold stress, overcrowding, and oxytetracycline groups expressed greater (P < 0.05) MICs through day 64, before returning to pretreatment levels. Genetic analysis indicated that all resistant isolates carried the aac(3)IV gene sequence and this sequence was found in a variety of E. coli isotypes. Our data indicate that E. coli resistance to apramycin is increased upon exposure to various stressors. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mathew, AG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, 2505 River Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 89 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00124-7 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 743CW UT WOS:000186555700002 PM 14580969 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ Adams, JJ Schaffers, KI AF Nelson, AJ Adams, JJ Schaffers, KI TI Photoemission investigation of the electronic structure of lanthanum-calcium oxoborate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE; OXYGEN; MN AB Lanthanum calcium oxoborate is a nonlinear optical material that belongs to the calcium-rare-earth (R) oxoborate family, with general composition of Ca4RO(BO3)(3) (R3+=La,Sm,Gd,Lu,Y). X-ray photoemission was used to study the valence band electronic structure and surface chemistry of this material. High resolution photoemission measurements of the valence band electronic structure and La 3d and 4d, Ca 2p, B 1s, and O 1s core lines were used to evaluate the surface and near surface chemistry. The results provide measurements of the valence band electronic structure and surface chemistry of this rare-earth oxoborate. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 12 BP 7493 EP 7495 DI 10.1063/1.1627955 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AV UT WOS:000186969900015 ER PT J AU Shiratsuchi, Y Yamamoto, M Endo, Y Li, DQ Bader, SD AF Shiratsuchi, Y Yamamoto, M Endo, Y Li, DQ Bader, SD TI Superparamagnetic behavior of ultrathin Fe films grown on Al2O3(0001) substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-DEPENDENCE; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; PARTICLES; MGO(001); PHASE AB We have studied superparamagnetic behavior of ultrathin Fe films grown on an Al2O3(0001) substrate at various growth temperatures. It is demonstrated that 1-nm-thick Fe films are in the superparamagnetic state, and the blocking temperature is strongly dependent on the growth temperature. The blocking temperature has a minimum value of 30 K for a growth temperature of 473 K, while it is similar to70 K at other growth temperatures. In order to clarify the behavior, we consider the Fe growth mechanism and the magnetic interactions between Fe particles. Fe grows as three-dimensional islands at all temperatures studied and forms particles. The volume of the particles is observed via atomic force microscopy to increase with increasing growth temperature. In the case of growth at 323 and 373 K, Fe forms small particles that are close together and that interact with each other. For growth at 673 and 773 K, Fe forms relatively large particles and the magnetic properties are dominated by the individual particles. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yamamoto, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Endo, Yasushi/E-8962-2016 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 12 BP 7675 EP 7679 DI 10.1063/1.1628408 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AV UT WOS:000186969900046 ER PT J AU Lyubinetsky, I Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Baer, DR AF Lyubinetsky, I Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Baer, DR TI Formation of single-phase oxide nanoclusters: Cu2O on SrTiO3(100) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-SURFACES; CUPROUS-OXIDE; GROWTH AB Selective formation of the single-phase nanoclusters of Cu2O on SrTiO3(100) substrates in the size range of 10-50 nm is found to occur only in a very narrow oxygen plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy growth parameter window, in comparison with the bulk phase diagram (for oxygen pressure versus temperature). There are distinctive parameter regions, where multiple phaselike forms coexist (CuO/Cu2O and Cu2O/Cu), in agreement with theoretical prediction for small systems, and as opposite to the sharp phase boundaries for the bulk. Observed changes in the nanocluster composition are found to correlate with differences in cluster morphologies. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM igor.lyubinetsky@pnl.gov RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 21 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 12 BP 7926 EP 7928 DI 10.1063/1.1625779 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AV UT WOS:000186969900085 ER PT J AU Au, A Ha, J Polotsky, A Krzyminski, K Gutowska, A Hungerford, DS Frondoza, CG AF Au, A Ha, J Polotsky, A Krzyminski, K Gutowska, A Hungerford, DS Frondoza, CG TI Thermally reversible polymer gel for chondrocyte culture SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE polymer; chondrocyte; thermo-reversible tissue; engineering; tissue culture ID IN-VITRO; ALGINATE HYDROGELS; POLYGLYCOLIC ACID; TISSUE; SCAFFOLDS; CHITOSAN; CARTILAGE; SURFACE; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION AB We have evaluated a biomaterial to serve as a scaffold for the propagation and amplification of chondrocytes that promotes the original cellular phenotype of these cells. The goal of the present study was to investigate the use of thermally reversible polymer gels poly(NiPAAm-co-AAc), as a biocompatible supporting scaffold for the propagation of chondrocytic cells. The polymer gels at temperatures above its lower critical solution temperature whereas liquefying at temperatures below its lower critical solution temperature of 34.5 degreesC. Hence, the polymer, in its gelled form, has the ability to hold cells in situ, forming a matrix similar to the natural cellular environment or the extracellular matrix that comprises cartilage. We tested the hypothesis that the polymer gel promotes cell viability and function. Human osteoblast-like cells, nasal chondrocytes, and articular chondrocytes (1 x 10(5)/150 muL) were resuspended in enriched Dulbecco's minimal essential media and were plated onto control (without gel) and gel containing 24-well plates. The plates were reincubated at 37 degreesC, 5% CO2 for the time point of interest. Additional media was added to the plates and exchanged as needed. After cell culture, cells were retrieved, enumerated, and cell viability was determined. Other aliquots of the cells were stained for morphological analysis whereas expression of chondrocyte markers including collagen type II and aggrecan were determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The polymer gel was not cytotoxic because the cell number retrieved from three-dimensional culture gel was found to be one to two times higher than that retrieved from monolayer culture. Chondrocytes propagated in the thermo-reversible polymers expressed enhanced or maintained expression of collagen type II and aggrecan. Collagen type I expression was decreased or unaltered. The N-isopropylac-rylamide and acrylic acid copolymer gel has potential use as a cell culture substrate and as a cell delivery vehicle. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Frondoza, CG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 5601 Loch Raven Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 67A IS 4 BP 1310 EP 1319 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.10156 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748TT UT WOS:000186877700028 PM 14624518 ER PT J AU Sampath, S Lantzky, KM Benmore, CJ Neuefeind, J Siewenie, JE Egelstaff, PA Yarger, JL AF Sampath, S Lantzky, KM Benmore, CJ Neuefeind, J Siewenie, JE Egelstaff, PA Yarger, JL TI Structural quantum isotope effects in amorphous beryllium hydride SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; BEH2 AB The structure factors for amorphous BeD2 and BeH2 were measured using synchrotron x-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. The results show that the structure of amorphous BeD2 is comprised of corner-sharing tetrahedra and is therefore analogous to amorphous H2O and BeF2. A substantial increase in the height of the first sharp x-ray diffraction peak of BeD2 compared to BeH2 is interpreted as a marked increase in the extent of intermediate range order in BeD2 due to stronger network formation. A real-space comparison with liquid water, reveals that the structural isotopic quantum effects are quite different in the two hydrides. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Sampath, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; Yarger, Jeff/L-8748-2014; OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Yarger, Jeff/0000-0002-7385-5400; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 23 BP 12499 EP 12502 DI 10.1063/1.1626638 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 750AW UT WOS:000186970000051 ER PT J AU Nyberg, M Odelius, M Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM AF Nyberg, M Odelius, M Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM TI Hydrogen bonding between adsorbed deprotonated glycine molecules on Cu(110) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CORRELATION-ENERGY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; CU(100); APPROXIMATION; CHEMISORPTION; COPPER AB We present new theoretical results indicating the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) between deprotonated glycine molecules (glycinate) on a Cu(110) surface. It is shown that these hydrogen bonds can be probed through the use of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, with surprisingly large effects in the electronic structure. We propose that the (3x2)pg LEED pattern observed for the most stable species of glycinate on the surface is explained by the formation of more than one hydrogen bond per molecule. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Stockholm, SCFAB, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys Chem, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Nyberg, M (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, SCFAB, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Odelius, Michael/A-7628-2014 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Odelius, Michael/0000-0002-7023-2486 NR 39 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 23 BP 12577 EP 12585 DI 10.1063/1.1625640 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 750AW UT WOS:000186970000061 ER PT J AU Baker, GA AF Baker, GA TI Some structural properties of two counter-examples to the Baker-Gammel-Wills conjecture SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Pade approximants; Baker-Gammel-Wills conjecture; spurious poles ID PADE APPROXIMANTS; RESOLVENT SET; CONVERGENCE; MATRICES AB I improve the counter-example of Lubinsky, and show that the counter-example of Buslaev is also relevant to the original form of the Baker-Gammel-Wills conjecture. I notice that these counter-examples have only a single spurious pole and that a patchwork of just two subsequences of diagonal Pade approximants provides uniform convergence in compact subsets of \z\ < 1. I find that both counter-examples can be characterized by the observation that they are associated with bounded J-matrices. I prove a number of results for the convergence of diagonal Pade approximants to functions which have bounded J-matrices. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 161 IS 2 BP 371 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2003.05.005 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 748UX UT WOS:000186880400008 ER PT J AU Gibson-Brown, JJ Osoegawa, K McPherson, JD Waterston, RH De Jong, PJ Rokhsar, DS Holland, LZ AF Gibson-Brown, JJ Osoegawa, K McPherson, JD Waterston, RH De Jong, PJ Rokhsar, DS Holland, LZ TI A proposal to sequence the amphioxus genome submitted to the joint genome institute of the US department of energy SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID HOX GENE-CLUSTER; HOMEOBOX GENE; BRANCHIOSTOMA-LANCEOLATUM; VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION; CHORDATE EVOLUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EXPRESSION; CONSERVATION; DUPLICATIONS; INSIGHTS C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Washington Univ, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, BACPAC Resources, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gibson-Brown, JJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL PART B JI J. Exp. Zool. Part B PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 300B IS 1 BP 5 EP 22 DI 10.1002/jez.b.00042 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology GA 750KN UT WOS:000186990000002 PM 14984031 ER PT J AU Grogan, JL Wang, ZE Stanley, S Harmon, B Loots, GG Rubin, EM Locksley, RM AF Grogan, JL Wang, ZE Stanley, S Harmon, B Loots, GG Rubin, EM Locksley, RM TI Basal chromatin modification at the IL-4 gene in helper T cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HISTONE ACETYLATION; COORDINATE REGULATOR; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; CYTOKINE GENES; DNA-BINDING; IN-VIVO; IKAROS; TRANSCRIPTION; DIFFERENTIATION; MICE AB Chromatin immunoprecipitations in naive CD4, but not CD8, T cells, demonstrated association of the IL-4 promoter with acetylated histone. Histone modifications and rapid IL-4 transcription were absent in conserved noncoding sequence 1 (CNS-1)(-/-) cells lacking an 8-kb-distant enhancer in the IL-4/IL-13 intergenic region, but also in CD4(-/-) and Itk(-/-) cells, which have similar Th2 deficiencies. Histones associated with the IL-13 promoter were not similarly acetylated in naive T cells, but became acetylated in differentiated Th2 cells. Conversely, Th1 differentiation induced histone methylation at the type 2 cytokine locus. Like CD4(-/-) and Itk(-/-) mice, CNS-1(-/-) BALB/c mice were highly resistant to the Th2-inducing protozoan, Leishmania major. CNS-1 deficiency led to failure of IL-4 gene repositioning to heterochromatin after Th1 polarization, possibly related to the presence of reiterative Ikaros binding sites in the intergenic element. Hyperacetylation of nonexpressed genes may serve to mark lineage-specific loci for rapid expression and further modification. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Microbiol Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Locksley, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Med, Room C443,521 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL56385]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI30663]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM25101] NR 44 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 171 IS 12 BP 6672 EP 6679 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 753JF UT WOS:000187227700048 PM 14662870 ER PT J AU Ayers, MR White, AA Song, XY Hunt, AJ AF Ayers, MR White, AA Song, XY Hunt, AJ TI Preparation and characterization of aerogels derived from Al(OH)(3) and CrO3 SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINA AEROGELS; CHROMIA AEROGELS; SURFACE-AREA; CATALYSTS; TEMPERATURE; XEROGELS; TOLUENE AB Aerogels containing both Al2O3 and Cr2O3 were prepared by the reduction, by alcohols, of a precursor salt solution derived from AI(OH)(3) and CrO3, followed by supercritical drying in either CO2 or ethanol. TEM analyses showed a microstructure typical of aerogels, with a connected matrix of similar to10-nm diameter particles and an open pore network. Subsequent thermal processing converts the initial aerogels to a high surface-area material comprised of Al2O3 and Cr2C3. Addition of similar to6% SiO2, relative to Al results in an increased retention of surface area at high temperatures. Surface areas of the aerogels after supercritical drying ranged from 240 to 700 m(2)/g, while after treatment at 1600 degreesC values ranged from 110 to 170 m(2)/g. The composition which showed the greatest temperature stability was 2(0.94Al(2)O(3) (.) 0.06SiO(2))Cr2O3. After treatment at 1000 degreesC, all a samples contained a large number of crystallites of the Cr2O3 phase, eskolaite, with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mum. An additional unidentified phase may also be present. The presence of these larger crystallites leads to a lower transmittance in the near-IR due to increased scattering. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hunt, AJ (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI White, Ashley/0000-0002-1851-1293 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 332 IS 1-3 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.029 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 750XN UT WOS:000187023900018 ER PT J AU Malwitz, MM Lin-Gibson, S Hobbie, EK Butler, PD Schmidt, G AF Malwitz, MM Lin-Gibson, S Hobbie, EK Butler, PD Schmidt, G TI Orientation of platelets in multilayered nanocomposite polymer films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE poly(ethylene oxide); clay; nanocomposites; orientation; scattering ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; FLOW-BIREFRINGENCE; CLAY SOLUTIONS; THERMAL/MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; COLLOIDAL NANOCOMPOSITES; SHEAR ORIENTATION; HYBRID; RHEOLOGY AB The orientation of platelets in micro-meter-thick polymer-clay nanocomposite films was investigated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The films with various clay contents (15-60% by mass fraction) were prepared by a layer-by-layer approach from polymer-clay solutions that led to the formation of a high degree of orientation in both polymer and clay platelets. Shear-induced orientation of polymer-clay solutions is compared with the orientation of polymer-clay films. SANS, SAXS, and WAXD, with beam configurations in and perpendicular to the spread direction of the film, were used to determine the structure and orientation of platelets. In all films, the clay platelets oriented preferentially in the plane of the film. The observed differences in semidilute solutions, with clay surface normal parallel to the vorticity direction, versus bulk films and with clay surface normal parallel to the shear gradient direction at clay mass fractions of 40 and 60%, were attributed to the collapses of clay platelet during the drying process. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schmidt, G (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 50 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 24 BP 3237 EP 3248 DI 10.1002/polb.10699 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 748GG UT WOS:000186853700006 ER PT J AU Vanossi, A Roder, J Bishop, AR Bortolani, V AF Vanossi, A Roder, J Bishop, AR Bortolani, V TI Commensurate sliding on a multiple-well substrate potential SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Trends in Nanoscience: From materials to Application CY 2003 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE DE friction; models of nonlinear phenomena; tribology ID FRENKEL-KONTOROVA MODEL; STATES AB In the context of microscopic solid friction phenomena, we study the underdamped dynamics of a Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) chain subject to an external dc force and a substrate potential defined by the sum of two sinusoidal functions with different periodicities. Particularly, focusing on mutually commensurate choices for the three inherent length scales of the system allows us to consider the formation of commensurate structures during sliding over the multiple-well on-site potential. These structures characterize the dynamical states observed during the chain motion at different strengths of the imposed driving. We comment on the nature of the particle dynamics in the vicinity of the pinning-depinning transition point and investigate the role played by the coverage variable on the depinning mechanism. The dependence of the minimal force required to initiate the chain motion (static friction) on the ratio of the model interaction strengths is analyzed and compared to the well-known case of the Frenkel-Kontorova model. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Modena, INFM S3, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Modena, Dipartimento Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vanossi, A (reprint author), Univ Modena, INFM S3, Via Campi 213-A, I-41100 Modena, Italy. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 23 IS 6-8 BP 879 EP 884 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.135 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 755LC UT WOS:000187403500040 ER PT J AU Cullen, DM Pattison, LK Smith, JF Fletcher, AM Walker, PM El-Masri, HM Podolyak, Z Wood, RJ Scholey, C Wheldon, C Mukherjee, G Balabanski, D Djongolov, M Dalsgaard, T Thisgaard, H Sletten, G Kondev, F Jenkins, D Dracoulis, GD Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Xu, F AF Cullen, DM Pattison, LK Smith, JF Fletcher, AM Walker, PM El-Masri, HM Podolyak, Z Wood, RJ Scholey, C Wheldon, C Mukherjee, G Balabanski, D Djongolov, M Dalsgaard, T Thisgaard, H Sletten, G Kondev, F Jenkins, D Dracoulis, GD Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Xu, F TI High-spin states, lifetime measurements and isomers in Os-181 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions Nd-150(S-36,5n); E=160 MeV; measured E gamma; I gamma; gamma gamma-coin; DSA Os-181 deduced high-spin levels; J; pi; configurations; T-1/2; quadrupole moments; cranked shell-model analysis; gammasphere array ID MULTI-QUASI-PARTICLE; K-FORBIDDEN TRANSITIONS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; NUCLEI; REGION; EXCITATIONS; DECAYS; RATES AB The level scheme of Os-181(76) has been investigated with the Nd-150(S-36,5n) reaction. The low-K rotational bands built upon the 9/2(+)[624], 7/2(-)[514] and 1/2(-)[521] neutron configurations have been extended and other new bands established. The configurations of these low-K bands are discussed within the framework of the cranked-shell model. The lifetimes for some of the states in the 9/2(+) [624] and 1/2(-) [521] collective rotational bands were also measured using the Doppler Shift Attenuation method. The large deformations deduced are found to be consistent with those predicted from theoretical Total Routhian Surface calculations. These results support the idea that for these low-K states the nuclear shape is axially symmetric and allows the K quantum number to be defined and the associated K-selection rule to be upheld. This behaviour apparently contrasts with that of the higher-K states in Os-181. In the higher-spin regime, two new high-K intrinsic states, with K-pi = 37/2(+) and K-pi 41/2(+), were established, along with the fragmented decay of a K-pi = 33/2(-) intrinsic state. The configurations and excitation energies of these experimentally determined intrinsic states are found to be in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations based on a fixed shape Nilsson model plus BCS pairing. The structures on top of these intrinsic states do, however, show very different behaviour. A relatively regular high-K rotational band was observed on top of the K-pi = 41/2(+) state but not for the other newly-established intrinsic states. Theoretical configuration-constrained potential energy surface calculations suggest that the irregular transition sequence above the K-pi = 37/2(+) intrinsic bandhead state, the limited excitations observed above the other intrinsic states and the observation of fragmented and non-hindered decays, are due to these configurations being subject to an appreciable gamma softness. These calculations reveal that the K-pi = 41/2(+) configuration is less susceptible to distortions in the gamma plane than any of the other high-K states. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, RSPHYSSE, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Beijing Univ, Dept Tech Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Cullen, DM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Dracoulis, George/A-8123-2008; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013; Xu, Furong/K-4178-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; Thisgaard, Helge/B-9362-2017 OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; Thisgaard, Helge/0000-0001-9492-448X NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 728 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.09.001 PG 52 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742NN UT WOS:000186524100001 ER PT J AU Coester, F Riska, DO AF Coester, F Riska, DO TI Scaling of hadronic form factors in point form kinematics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID QUARK-MODEL; NUCLEON; BARYONS AB The general features of baryon form factors calculated with point form kinematics are derived. With point form kinematics and spectator currents hadronic form factors are functions of eta := 1/4 (upsilon(out) - upsilon(in))(2) and, over a range of eta values, are insensitive to unitary scale transformations of the 4 model wave functions when the extent of the wave function is small compared to the scale defined by the constituent mass, (r(2)) much less than 1/m(2). The form factors are sensitive to the shape of such compact wave functions. Simple 3-quark proton wave functions are employed to illustrate these features. Rational and algebraic model wave functions lead to a reasonable representation of the empirical form factors, while Gaussian wave functions fail. In point form kinematics the form factors have nontrivial behavior in the limit (r(2))m(2) = 0 with power law behavior for large values of eta. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Riska, DO (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM riska@pcu.helsinki.fi NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 728 IS 3-4 BP 439 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.09.003 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742NN UT WOS:000186524100009 ER PT J AU Strong, M Graeber, TG Beeby, M Pellegrini, M Thompson, MJ Yeates, TO Eisenberg, D AF Strong, M Graeber, TG Beeby, M Pellegrini, M Thompson, MJ Yeates, TO Eisenberg, D TI Visualization and interpretation of protein networks in Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on hierarchical clustering of genome-wide functional linkage maps SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; METABOLIC NETWORKS; CELLULAR NETWORKS; DATABASE; ORGANIZATION; SCALE; TOOL; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION AB Genome-wide functional linkages among proteins in cellular complexes and metabolic pathways can be inferred from high throughput experimentation, such as DNA microarrays, or from bioinformatic analyses. Here we describe a method for the visualization and interpretation of genome-wide functional linkages inferred by the Rosetta Stone, Phylogenetic Profile, Operon and Conserved Gene Neighbor computational methods. This method involves the construction of a genome-wide functional linkage map, where each significant functional linkage between a pair of proteins is displayed on a two-dimensional scatter-plot, organized according to the order of genes along the chromosome. Subsequent hierarchical clustering of the map reveals clusters of genes with similar functional linkage profiles and facilitates the inference of protein function and the discovery of functionally linked gene clusters throughout the genome. We illustrate this method by applying it to the genome of the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, assigning cellular functions to previously uncharacterized proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis, signal transduction, chaperone activity, energy metabolism and polysaccharide biosynthesis. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Prot Pathways, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Beeby, Morgan/G-2768-2013 OI Beeby, Morgan/0000-0001-6413-9835 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM031299, GM07185, P01 GM31299-20, T32 GM007185] NR 37 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 31 IS 24 BP 7099 EP 7109 DI 10.1093/nar/gkg924 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 758PH UT WOS:000187659000005 PM 14654685 ER PT J AU Wang, M AF Wang, M TI Hydrogen and fuel cells SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 48 BP 10 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 756UG UT WOS:000187501400001 ER PT J AU Pan, YT Xie, TQ Du, CW Bastacky, S Meyers, S Zeidel, ML AF Pan, YT Xie, TQ Du, CW Bastacky, S Meyers, S Zeidel, ML TI Enhancing early bladder cancer detection with fluorescence-guided endoscopic optical coherence tomography SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report an experimental study of the possibility of enhancing early bladder cancer diagnosis with fluorescence-image-guided endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). After the intravesical instillation of a 10% solution of 5-aminolevulinic acid, simultaneous fluorescence imaging (excitation of 380-420 nm, emission of 620-700 nm) and OCT are performed on rat bladders to identify the photochemical and morphological changes associated with uroepithelial tumorigenesis. The preliminary results of our ex vivo study reveal that both fluorescence and OCT can identify early uroepithelial cancers, and OCT can detect precancerous lesions (e.g., hyperplasia) that fluorescence may miss. This suggests that a cystoscope combining 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence and OCT imaging has the potential to enhance the efficiency and sensitivity of early bladder cancer diagnosis. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Pan, YT (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK059265, R37-DK48217] NR 9 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 24 BP 2485 EP 2487 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002485 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 751PC UT WOS:000187075300017 PM 14690122 ER PT J AU Eriksson, F Johansson, GA Hertz, HM Gullikson, EM Kreissig, U Birch, J AF Eriksson, F Johansson, GA Hertz, HM Gullikson, EM Kreissig, U Birch, J TI 14.5% near-normal incidence reflectance of Cr/Sc x-ray multilayer mirrors for the water window SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICS; REFLECTIVITY; TRANSMISSION; PERFORMANCE; MICROSCOPY; RADIATION; REGION; RANGE; LINE AB Cr/Sc multilayer mirrors, synthesized by ion-assisted magnetron sputter deposition, are proved to have a high near-normal reflectivity of R = 14.5% at a grazing angle of 87.5degrees measured at the wavelength A = 3.11 nm, which is an improvement of more than 31% compared with previously published results. Elastic recoil detection analyses show that the mirrors contained as much as 15 at. % of N and traces of C and O. Soft x-ray reflectivity simulations reveal interface widths of sigma = 0.34 nm and an exceptionally small layer thickness drift of similar to1.6 X 10(-5) nm/multilayer period throughout the stack. Simulations show that a reflectivity of R = 25.6% is attainable if impurities and layer thickness drift can be eliminated. The abrupt interfaces are achieved with ion assistance with a low ion energy of 24 eV and high ion-to-metal flux ratios of 7.1 and 23.1 during Cr and Se sputter deposition, respectively. In addition, a near-normal incidence reflectivity of 5.5% for the C VI emission line (lambda = 3.374 nm) from a laser plasma source was verified. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm Ctr Phys Astron & Biotechnol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ionenstrahlphys & Mat Forsch, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Eriksson, F (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RI Birch, Jens/M-4794-2016 OI Birch, Jens/0000-0002-8469-5983 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 24 BP 2494 EP 2496 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002494 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 751PC UT WOS:000187075300020 PM 14690125 ER PT J AU van Herpen, MMJW Bisson, SE Harren, FJM AF van Herpen, MMJW Bisson, SE Harren, FJM TI Continuous-wave operation of a single-frequency optical parametric oscillator at 4-5 mu m based on periodically poled LiNbO3 SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; GENERATION AB We present a cw, Nd:YAG-pumped singly resonant single-frequency narrow-linewidth high-power optical parametric oscillator with idler tuning from 3.7 to 4.7 mum. In this spectral range the absorption of the idler wave in the LiNbO3 crystal is significant, causing the oscillation threshold to increase with a subsequent decrease in output power from 1.2 W at 3.9 mum to 120 mW at 4.7 mum. The optical parametric oscillator's cavity was stabilized and mode-hop tuned with a rotatable solid etalon but with a subsequent reduction in idler power of as much as 50%. We demonstrated the usefulness for spectroscopy by recording the photoacoustic spectrum of a strong CO2 absorption, using a 24-GHz continuous idler scan. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Nijmegen, Dept Mol & Laser Phys, NL-6523 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Nijmegen, Dept Mol & Laser Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP van Herpen, MMJW (reprint author), Univ Nijmegen, Dept Mol & Laser Phys, NL-6523 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Harren, Frans/A-1729-2010 NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 24 BP 2497 EP 2499 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002497 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 751PC UT WOS:000187075300021 PM 14690126 ER PT J AU Chao, WL Anderson, E Denbeaux, GP Harteneck, B Liddle, JA Olynick, DL Pearson, AL Salmassi, F Song, CY Attwood, DT AF Chao, WL Anderson, E Denbeaux, GP Harteneck, B Liddle, JA Olynick, DL Pearson, AL Salmassi, F Song, CY Attwood, DT TI 20-nm-resolution soft x-ray microscopy demonstrated by use of multilayer test structures (vol 28, pg 2019, 2003) SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chao, WL (reprint author), Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 24 BP 2530 EP 2530 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002530 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 751PC UT WOS:000187075300032 ER PT J AU Reese, JM Gallis, MA Lockerby, DA AF Reese, JM Gallis, MA Lockerby, DA TI New directions in fluid dynamics: non-equilibrium aerodynamic and microsystem flows SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE non-equilibrium flows; microfluidics; hypersonics; transition-continuum; direct simulation Monte Carlo; extended hydrodynamics ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RAREFIED-GAS FLOW; HYDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; BURNETT EQUATIONS; NAVIER-STOKES; COUETTE-FLOW; TRANSITION; PROFILES AB Fluid flows that do not have local equilibrium are characteristic of some of the new frontiers in engineering and technology, for example, high-speed high-altitude aerodynamics and the development of micrometre-sized fluid pumps, turbines and other devices. However, this area of fluid dynamics is poorly understood from both the experimental and simulation perspectives, which hampers the progress of these technologies. This paper reviews some of the recent developments in experimental techniques and modelling methods for non-equilibrium gas flows, examining their advantages and drawbacks. We also present new results from our computational investigations into both hypersonic and microsystem flows using two distinct numerical methodologies: the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and extended hydrodynamics. While the direct simulation approach produces excellent results and is used widely, extended hydrodynamics is not as well developed but is a promising candidate for future more complex simulations. Finally, we discuss some of the other situations where these simulation methods could be usefully applied, and look to the future of numerical tools for non-equilibrium flows. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Kings Coll London, Dept Mech Engn, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Reese, JM (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. RI Reese, Jason/H-8739-2012; OI Reese, Jason/0000-0001-5188-1627; Lockerby, Duncan/0000-0001-5232-7986 NR 55 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 1813 BP 2967 EP 2988 DI 10.1098/rsta.2003.1281 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 752ZA UT WOS:000187205000021 PM 14667308 ER PT J AU Giovi, F Baccigalupi, C Perrotta, F AF Giovi, F Baccigalupi, C Perrotta, F TI Constraining the dark energy dynamics with the cosmic microwave background bispectrum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANISOTROPY-PROBE; POWER SPECTRUM; COSMOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; DISTANT GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; QUINTESSENCE; CONSTANT; MATTER; SUPERNOVAE AB We consider the influence of the dark energy dynamics at the onset of cosmic acceleration on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) bispectrum, through the weak lensing effect induced by structure formation. We study the line of sight behavior of the contribution to the bispectrum signal at a given angular multipole l: we show that it is nonzero in a narrow interval centered at a redshift z satisfying the relation l/r(z)similar or equal tok(NL)(z), where the wave number corresponds to the scale entering the nonlinear phase and r is the cosmological comoving distance. The relevant redshift interval is in the range 0.1less than or similar tozless than or similar to2 for multipoles 1000greater than or similar tolgreater than or similar to100; the signal amplitude, reflecting the perturbation dynamics, is a function of the cosmological expansion rate at those epochs, probing the dark energy equation of state redshift dependence independent of its present value. We provide a working example by considering tracking inverse power law and supergravity quintessence scenarios, having sensibly different redshift dynamics and respecting all the present observational constraints. For scenarios having the same present equation of state, we find that the effect described above induces a projection feature which makes the bispectra shifted by several tens of multipoles, about ten times more than the corresponding effect on the ordinary CMB angular power spectrum. C1 SISSA, ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SISSA, INAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP SISSA, ISAS, Via Beirut 4, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 12 AR 123002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.123002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 762JV UT WOS:000187969200005 ER PT J AU Goldberger, WD Rothstein, IZ AF Goldberger, WD Rothstein, IZ TI Systematics of coupling flows in AdS backgrounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BULK FIELDS; STABILIZATION; CORRELATORS; RS1 AB We give an effective field theory derivation, based on the running of Planck brane gauge correlators, of the large logarithms that arise in the predictions for low energy gauge couplings in compactified AdS(5) backgrounds, including the one-loop effects of bulk scalars, fermions, and gauge bosons. In contrast with the case of charged scalars coupled to Abelian gauge fields that has been considered previously in the literature, the one-loop corrections are not dominated by a single 4D Kaluza-Klein mode. Nevertheless, in the case of gauge field loops, the amplitudes can be reorganized into a leading logarithmic contribution that is identical to the running in 4D non-Abelian gauge theory, and a term which is not logarithmically enhanced and is analogous to a two-loop effect in 4D. In a warped grand unified theory (GUT) model broken by the Higgs mechanism in the bulk, we show that the matching scale that appears in the large logarithms induced by the non-Abelian gauge fields is m(XY)(2)/k where m(XY) is the bulk mass of the XY bosons and k is the AdS curvature. This is in contrast with the UV scale in the logarithmic contributions of scalars, which is simply the bulk mass m. Our results are summarized in a set of simple rules that can be applied to compute the leading logarithmic predictions for coupling constant relations within a given warped GUT model. We present results for both boundary breaking of the GUT gauge group and bulk breaking through the Higgs mechanism. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Goldberger, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM walter@thsrv.lbl.gov; ira@cmuhep2.phys.cmu.edu RI Rothstein, Ira/O-2747-2014 OI Rothstein, Ira/0000-0002-3374-4212 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 12 AR 125012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.125012 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 762JV UT WOS:000187969200067 ER PT J AU Goldberger, WD Rothstein, IZ AF Goldberger, WD Rothstein, IZ TI Effective field theory and unification in AdS backgrounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONS; STABILIZATION AB This work is an extension of our previous work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 131601 (2002)] which showed how to systematically calculate the high energy evolution of gauge couplings in compact AdS(5) (five dimensional anti-de Sitter) backgrounds. We first directly compute the one-loop effects of massive charged scalar fields on the low energy couplings of a gauge theory propagating in the AdS background. It is found that scalar bulk masses (which generically are of the order of the Planck scale) enter only logarithmically in the corrections to the tree-level gauge couplings. As we pointed out previously, we show that the large logarithms that appear in the AdS one-loop calculation can be obtained within the confines of an effective field theory, by running the Planck brane correlator from a high UV matching scale down to the TeV scale. This result exactly reproduces our previous calculation, which was based on AdS-conformal field theory duality. We also calculate the effects of scalar fields satisfying nontrivial boundary conditions (relevant for orbifold breaking of bulk symmetries) on the running of gauge couplings. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Aspen Ctr Phys, Aspen, CO USA. RP Goldberger, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rothstein, Ira/O-2747-2014 OI Rothstein, Ira/0000-0002-3374-4212 NR 27 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 12 AR 125011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.125011 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 762JV UT WOS:000187969200066 ER PT J AU Kolb, EW Notari, A Riotto, A AF Kolb, EW Notari, A Riotto, A TI Reheating stage after inflation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; UNIVERSE; BARYOGENESIS; REGENERATION; GRAVITINOS; NUMBER; MASSES AB We point out that inflaton decay products acquire plasma masses during the reheating phase following inflation. The plasma masses may render inflaton decay kinematically forbidden, causing the temperature to remain frozen for a period at a plateau value. We show that the final reheating temperature may be uniquely determined by the inflaton mass, and may not depend on its coupling. Our findings have important implications for the thermal production of dangerous relics during reheating (e.g., gravitinos), for extracting bounds on particle physics models of inflation from cosmic microwave background anisotropy data, for the production of massive dark matter candidates during reheating, and for models of baryogenesis or leptogenesis where massive particles are produced during reheating. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Kolb, EW (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Notari, Alessio/A-2309-2017 OI Notari, Alessio/0000-0002-8854-3987 NR 39 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 12 AR 123505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.123505 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 762JV UT WOS:000187969200010 ER PT J AU Streli, C Pepponi, G Wobrauschek, P Zoger, N Pianetta, P Baur, K Pahlke, S Fabry, L Mantler, C Kanngiesser, B Malzer, W AF Streli, C Pepponi, G Wobrauschek, P Zoger, N Pianetta, P Baur, K Pahlke, S Fabry, L Mantler, C Kanngiesser, B Malzer, W TI Analysis of low Z elements on Si wafer surfaces with synchrotron radiation induced total reflection X-ray fluorescence at SSRL, beamline 3-3: Comparison of droplets with spin coated wafers SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Total Reflection X-Ray Floresence Analysis and related Methods CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV LISBON, LISBON, PORTUGAL HO UNIV LISBON DE total reflection X-ray fluorescence; synchrotron radiation; Si wafer; low Z elements ID LIGHT-ELEMENTS; SILICON AB The unique properties of synchrotron radiation, such as high incident flux combined with low divergence, its linear polarization and energy tunability, make it an ideal excitation source for total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy in order to non-destructively detect trace impurities of transition metals on Si wafer surfaces. When used with a detector suitable for the determination of low energy radiation this technique can be extended to the detection of low-Z elements, such as Al, Na and Mg. Experiments have been performed at SSRL Beamline 3-3, a bending magnet beamline using monochromatic radiation from a double multilayer monochromator. The wafer was mounted vertically in front of the detector, which was aligned along the linear polarization vector of the incoming synchrotron radiation. This configuration allows the detector to accept a large solid angle as well as to take advantage of the reduced scattered X-ray intensity emitted in the direction of the linear polarization vector. A comparison between droplet samples and spin coated samples was done, in order to compare the capabilities of vapor phase decomposition (VPD-TXRF) with conventional SR-straight-TXRF. Detection limits in the range of 50 fg corresponding to 2E10 atoms/cm(2) have been obtained for Na. The spin coated samples, prepared from solutions containing an equal amount of Na, Mg and Al showed an unexpected result when performing a scan of the angle of incidence of the incoming X-rays suggesting a different adsorption behavior of the elements in a multielement solution on the wafer surface. The observation of this behavior is important because the spin coating technique is the standard method for the preparation of surface standards in semiconductor quality control. This effect could be characteristic of the Na, Mg, Al solution used, but the angle dependence of the fluorescence signal of a standard should always be investigated before using the standard for calibration of the apparatus and quantification. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vienna, Atominst, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Atomare Phys & Fachdidakt, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Wacker Siltron AG, D-84479 Burghausen, Germany. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Streli, C (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Atominst, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. OI Streli, Christina/0000-0002-5141-3177; Pepponi, Giancarlo/0000-0002-7397-1946 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 58 IS 12 BP 2105 EP 2112 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(03)00218-0 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 754YC UT WOS:000187360200010 ER PT J AU Kimberlin, KR Rutter, GM Nagle, LM Roos, KR Tringides, MC AF Kimberlin, KR Rutter, GM Nagle, LM Roos, KR Tringides, MC TI Annealing of low-temperature growth in Ag/Si(111) as measured by RHEED spot profile analysis SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Applied Surface Analysis CY JUN 03-06, 2003 CL UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL HO UNIV ILLINOIS DE RHEED; MBE; Si(111); spot profile analysis ID OSCILLATIONS; DEPENDENCE; SURFACES; ISLANDS; AG AB Ultrathin silver films were grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy and studied using reflective high-energy electron diffraction. intensity oscillations were observed showing evidence of layer-by-layer growth at 150-170 K. Upon annealing to room temperature, steps of twice the height of a single step appear in the film observed by spot profile analysis of the specular reflection. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the specular reflection is monitored as the perpendicular component of the scattering vector, S(z), is changed. The periodicity of the FWHM as a function of S(z) doubles after annealing, indicating a doubling of the step height on the surface. The data are fitted using a one-dimensional diffraction model from which a distribution of steps and step heights is obtained. A comparison with other recent annealing measurements in the Ag/Si(111) system is made and discussed in the context of the 'electronic growth' model. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Bradley Univ, Dept Phys, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kimberlin, KR (reprint author), Bradley Univ, Dept Phys, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM slimedog@hilltop.bradley.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 35 IS 13 BP 1069 EP 1072 DI 10.1002/sia.1656 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 759BX UT WOS:000187719200011 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Lin, KS Garza, V Carter, P Alexoff, D Logan, J Shea, C Xu, YW King, P AF Ding, YS Lin, KS Garza, V Carter, P Alexoff, D Logan, J Shea, C Xu, YW King, P TI Evaluation of a new norepinephrine transporter PET ligand in baboons, both in brain and peripheral organs SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE norepinephrine transporter; reboxetine; antidepressant; C-11; positron emission tomography ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; REBOXETINE ENANTIOMERS; THREO-METHYLPHENIDATE; ORAL METHYLPHENIDATE; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; PHARMACOKINETICS; BINDING; (+)-6-FLUORONOREPINEPHRINE; RADIOTRACERS; DESIPRAMINE AB Reboxetine is a specific norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor and has been marketed in several countries as a racemic mixture of the (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers for the treatment of depression. Its methyl analog (methylreboxetine, MRB) has been shown to be more potent than reboxetine itself. We developed a nine-step synthetic procedure to prepare the normethyl precursor, which was used to synthesize [C-11]O-methylreboxetine ([C-11]MRB). We also developed a convenient resolution method using a chiral HPLC column to resolve the racemic precursor to obtain enantiomerically pure individual precursors that lead to the individual enantiomers (R,R)-[C-11]MRB and (S,S)-[C-11]MRB. Here we report an evaluation of the racemate and individual enantiomers of [C-11]MRB as radioligands for PET imaging studies of NET systems in baboons both in brain and in peripheral organs. The relative regional distribution of the radioactivity after injection of [C-11]MRB in baboon brain is consistent with the known distribution of NET. For a NET-poor region such as striatum, there were no significant changes in the striatal uptakes with and without the nisoxetine pretreatment. In contrast, a significant blocking effect was observed in NET-rich regions such as thalamus and cerebellum after injection of racemic [C-11]MRB, with an even more dramatic effect after injection of (S,S)-[C-11]MRB. These results, along with the fact that there was no regional specificity and no blocking effect by nisoxetine for (R,R)-[C-11]MRB, suggest the enantioselectivity of MRB in vivo, consistent with previous in vitro and in vivo studies in rodents. PET studies of baboon torso revealed a blocking effect by desipramine only in the heart, a NET-rich organ, after injection of (S,S)-[C-11]MRB, but not the (R,R)-isomer. These studies demonstrate that the use of (S,S)-[C-11]MRB would allow a better understanding of the role that NET plays in living systems. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Neurosci & Imaging Grp, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Neurosci & Imaging Grp, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ding, YS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Neurosci & Imaging Grp, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Lin, Kuo-Shyan/0000-0002-0739-0780; Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 NR 29 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 50 IS 4 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1002/syn.10281 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 739ZF UT WOS:000186375900009 PM 14556239 ER PT J AU Mason, TO Kammler, DR Ingram, BJ Gonzalez, GB Young, DL Coutts, TJ AF Mason, TO Kammler, DR Ingram, BJ Gonzalez, GB Young, DL Coutts, TJ TI Key structural and defect chemical aspects of Cd-In-Sn-O transparent conducting oxides SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Transparent Oxide Thin Films for Electronics and Optics (TOEO-3) CY APR 10-11, 2003 CL TOKYO, JAPAN DE Cd-In-Sn-O system; transparent conducting oxide (TCO); bixbyite; spinel; perovskite ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY; PHASE-RELATIONS; SYSTEM; SPINEL; CD1+XIN2-2XSNXO4; STANNATE; IN2O3 AB The equilibrium phase diagram (1175 degreesC in air), solubility ranges and room temperature physical properties (electrical, optical) were established for the various n-type transparent conductors in the CdO-In2O3-SnO2 system. Extended solubility ranges were found to exist at constant Cd/Sn ratio for the bixbyite, spinel and orthorhombic perovskite phases. This is attributed to the isovalent and nearly size-matched nature of the co-substitution. Still larger solubility ranges were found for metastably-processed thin. films. Co-doped bixyite and spinel phases were found to be inherently off-stoichiometric with respect to cation composition, leading to self-doped n-type character, in bulk and films. A correlation was found between optimized conductivity in the various phases and the density of octahedral Cd, In and/or Sn species in their crystal structures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mason, TO (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 445 IS 2 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.08.012 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 754XF UT WOS:000187358000007 ER PT J AU Ginley, D Roy, B Ode, A Warmsingh, C Yoshida, Y Parilla, P Teplin, C Kaydanova, T Miedaner, A Curtis, C Martinson, A Coutts, T Readey, D Hosono, H Perkins, J AF Ginley, D Roy, B Ode, A Warmsingh, C Yoshida, Y Parilla, P Teplin, C Kaydanova, T Miedaner, A Curtis, C Martinson, A Coutts, T Readey, D Hosono, H Perkins, J TI Non-vacuum and PLD growth of next generation TCO materials SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Transparent Oxide Thin Films for Electronics and Optics (TOEO-3) CY APR 10-11, 2003 CL TOKYO, JAPAN DE laser ablation; oxides; solar cells; conductivity; indium oxide; copper oxide ID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; DELAFOSSITE STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; O SYSTEM; CUINO2; CUO AB Transparent conducting oxides represent a key component in a number of important opto-electronic technologies. The demand for improved materials is increasing. It is increasingly important to develop improved materials and process techniques. We report on the PLD growth of both Mo doped In-O, an n-type material with enhanced mobilities, and p-type Ca-CuInO2, films with improved conductivity. In both cases, very high quality films have been obtained with improved opto-electronic properties. We also report on a solution based route to p-type Cu2SrO2 which has produced phase pure films. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Ginley, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Hosono, Hideo/J-3489-2013; OI Hosono, Hideo/0000-0001-9260-6728; Martinson, Alex/0000-0003-3916-1672 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 445 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.08.008 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 754XF UT WOS:000187358000008 ER PT J AU Detmold, W Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW AF Detmold, W Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW TI Extraction of parton distributions from lattice QCD SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review DE lattice QCD; chiral symmetry; parton distributions ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CLOUDY BAG MODEL; TWIST-2 OPERATORS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; AXIAL CHARGE; NUCLEON; SEA; BREAKING; SYMMETRY AB We review the calculation of moments of both the polarized and unpolarized parton distribution functions of the nucleon in lattice QCD, and in particular their extrapolation to the physical region. We also discuss the reconstruction of the x dependence of the valence quark distributions in the nucleon from a finite number of lattice moments. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Detmold, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Detmold, William/0000-0002-0400-8363 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 14 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 38 BP 2681 EP 2697 DI 10.1142/S0217732303012209 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 751DT UT WOS:000187038100001 ER PT J AU Hubeny, VE Rangamani, M AF Hubeny, VE Rangamani, M TI Horizons and plane waves: A review SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review DE black holes; pp-waves; string theory ID STRING TRAVELING WAVES AB We review the attempts to construct black hole/string solutions in asymptotically plane wave spacetimes. First, we demonstrate that geometries admitting a covariantly constant null Killing vector cannot admit event horizons, which implies that pp-waves cannot describe black holes. However, relaxing the symmetry requirements allows us to generate solutions which do possess regular event horizons while retaining the requisite asymptotic properties. In particular, we present two solution generating techniques and use them to construct asymptotically plane wave black string/brane geometries. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hubeny, VE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OI Rangamani, Mukund/0000-0002-4336-1346 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 14 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 38 BP 2699 EP 2711 DI 10.1142/S0217732303012428 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 751DT UT WOS:000187038100002 ER PT J AU Lee, K Choi, SD Park, GH Wanninkhof, R Peng, TH Key, RM Sabine, CL Feely, RA Bullister, JL Millero, FJ Kozyr, A AF Lee, K Choi, SD Park, GH Wanninkhof, R Peng, TH Key, RM Sabine, CL Feely, RA Bullister, JL Millero, FJ Kozyr, A TI An updated anthropogenic CO(2) inventory in the Atlantic ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic CO(2); Atlantic ocean; air-sea disequilibrium ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CIRCULATION MODEL; INDIAN-OCEAN; WEDDELL SEA; WATER; INCREASE AB [1] This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the basin-wide inventory of anthropogenic CO(2) in the Atlantic Ocean based on high-quality inorganic carbon, alkalinity, chlorofluorocarbon, and nutrient data collected during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Hydrographic Program, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and the Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study (OACES) surveys of the Atlantic Ocean between 1990 and 1998. Anthropogenic CO(2) was separated from the large pool of dissolved inorganic carbon using an extended version of the DeltaC* method originally developed by Gruber et al. [ 1996]. The extension of the method includes the use of an optimum multiparameter analysis to determine the relative contributions from various source water types to the sample on an isopycnal surface. Total inventories of anthropogenic CO(2) in the Atlantic Ocean are highest in the subtropical regions at 20degrees-40degrees, whereas anthropogenic CO(2) penetrates the deepest in high-latitude regions (>40degreesN). The deeper penetration at high northern latitudes is largely due to the formation of deep water that feeds the Deep Western Boundary Current, which transports anthropogenic CO(2) into the interior. In contrast, waters south of 50degreesS in the Southern Ocean contain little anthropogenic CO(2). Analysis of the data collected during the 1990 1998 period yielded a total anthropogenic CO(2) inventory of 28.4 +/- 4.7 Pg C in the North Atlantic (equator-70degreesN) and of 18.5 +/- 3.9 Pg C in the South Atlantic (equator-70degreesS). These estimated basin-wide inventories of anthropogenic CO(2) are in good agreement with previous estimates obtained by Gruber [ 1998], after accounting for the difference in observational periods. Our calculation of the anthropogenic CO(2) inventory in the Atlantic Ocean, in conjunction with the inventories calculated previously for the Indian Ocean [ Sabine et al., 1999] and for the Pacific Ocean [ Sabine et al., 2002], yields a global anthropogenic CO(2) inventory of 112 +/- 17 Pg C that has accumulated in the world oceans during the industrial era. This global oceanic uptake accounts for approximately 29% of the total CO(2) emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, land-use changes, and cement production during the past 250 years. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, US DOE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, San 31, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM ktl@postech.ac.kr; skills@postech.ac.kr; pgh3715@postech.ac.kr; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; peng@aoml.noaa.gov; key@princeton.edu; sabine@pmel.noaa.gov; feely@pmel.noaa.gov; bullister@pmel.noaa.gov; fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu; kozyra@ornl.gov RI Park, Geun-Ha/A-5705-2011; Choi, Sung-Deuk/F-4827-2010; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 NR 63 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 13 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 AR 1116 DI 10.1029/2003GB002067 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756PM UT WOS:000187490300003 ER PT J AU Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Simunovic, S Fellers, JF AF Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Simunovic, S Fellers, JF TI Energy absorption in glass-reinforced continuous strand mat composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyurethanes; glass; composite; polymer; crashworthiness ID TUBES; FIBER; CAPABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SPEED AB A unique test fixture was developed for determining the energy-absorbing mechanisms in automotive composite material systems. The objective of the test method was to quantify the energy absorption and identify the failure mechanisms associated with the observed frond formation in progressive crush testing of composite tubes by testing less costly composite plates under progressive crush load conditions. Quasi-static progressive crush tests were performed on glass/polyurethane continuous strand mat (CSM) composite plate specimens. The effect of various test parameters on energy absorption was evaluated by varying the following parameters during testing: the loading rate, profile radius, and profile constraint condition. The experimental data in conjunction with the test observations were used to develop analytical models for predicting the crash-worthiness of automotive composite structures. The crushing process and the load-deflection curves were similar to the progressive crushing of tubes. Modification of the basic specimen geometry was required when testing material systems that have low axial stiffness to prevent a global buckling mode. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jacob, GC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, 434 Dougherty Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gjacob@utk.edu RI Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 13 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 12 BP 3222 EP 3232 DI 10.1002/app.12999 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 737MV UT WOS:000186237100007 ER PT J AU van Nocker, S Ludwig, P AF van Nocker, S Ludwig, P TI The WD-repeat protein superfamily in Arabidopsis: conservation and divergence in structure and function SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID REGULATES AGAMOUS EXPRESSION; CHEDIAK-HIGASHI-SYNDROME; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; MADS-BOX GENE; METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; POLYCOMB REPRESSION; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; SEED DEVELOPMENT; BINDING PROTEIN; HISTONE-BINDING AB Background: The WD motif ( also known as the Trp-Asp or WD40 motif) is found in a multitude of eukaryotic proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes. Where studied, repeated WD motifs act as a site for protein-protein interaction, and proteins containing WD repeats (WDRs) are known to serve as platforms for the assembly of protein complexes or mediators of transient interplay among other proteins. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, members of this superfamily are increasingly being recognized as key regulators of plant-specific developmental events. Results: We analyzed the predicted complement of WDR proteins from Arabidopsis, and compared this to those from budding yeast, fruit fly and human to illustrate both conservation and divergence in structure and function. This analysis identified 237 potential Arabidopsis proteins containing four or more recognizable copies of the motif. These were classified into 143 distinct families, 49 of which contained more than one Arabidopsis member. Approximately 113 of these families or individual proteins showed clear homology with WDR proteins from the other eukaryotes analyzed. Where conservation was found, it often extended across all of these organisms, suggesting that many of these proteins are linked to basic cellular mechanisms. The functional characterization of conserved WDR proteins in Arabidopsis reveals that these proteins help adapt basic mechanisms for plant-specific processes. Conclusions: Our results show that most Arabidopsis WDR proteins are strongly conserved across eukaryotes, including those that have been found to play key roles in plant-specific processes, with diversity in function conferred at least in part by divergence in upstream signaling pathways, downstream regulatory targets and / or structure outside of the WDR regions. C1 Michigan State Univ, Cell & Mol Biol Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP van Nocker, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Cell & Mol Biol Program, 390 Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM vannocke@msu.edu; ludwigph@msu.edu NR 86 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 4 AR 50 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-4-50 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 766BC UT WOS:000188324700001 PM 14672542 ER PT J AU Zhou, DM Kaczmarski, K Cavazzini, A Liu, XD Guiochon, G AF Zhou, DM Kaczmarski, K Cavazzini, A Liu, XD Guiochon, G TI Modeling of the separation of two enantiomers using a microbore column SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE enantiomer separation; adsorption isotherms; microbore columns; I-indanol; cellulose tribenzoate ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASES; BAND PROFILES; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; 1-PHENYL-1-PROPANOL; GRADIENT; MIXTURES AB A microbore column packed with Chiralcel OB (cellulose tribenzoate coated silica) was used for the measurement of the single and competitive equilibrium-isotherm data of the 1-indanol enantiomers by frontal analysis. The amount of sample needed for the isotherm data acquisition was about 20 times less than that required with a conventional column. The data obtained were fitted to different single and competitive isotherm models. Both the single and the competitive data sets fitted best to the same Bilangmuir (BL) isotherm model with small differences in the numerical values of the parameters. The best fitted Bilangmuir single and competitive isotherm models were used to predict the overloaded experimental profiles of both pure enantiomers, of the racemic mixture, and of different enantiomeric mixtures. All the calculated profiles were in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. This agreement confirms that in many chiral separations, the competitive isotherms can be derived from data acquired from the mere racemic mixture with a sufficient accuracy for a correct prediction of the band profiles of all kinds of enantiomer mixtures, making possible the computer-assisted optimization of the experimental conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cavazzini, Alberto/B-7051-2015 OI Cavazzini, Alberto/0000-0002-2510-0871 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 1020 IS 2 BP 199 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.065 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 743DN UT WOS:000186557300005 PM 14661744 ER PT J AU Yan, Z Ling, YY Fritz, JS Haddad, PR AF Yan, Z Ling, YY Fritz, JS Haddad, PR TI Separation of anions by ion-interaction chromatography with a novel cationic/zwitterionic eluent SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE aerosol analysis; conductivity detection; mobile-phase composition; anions; zwitterion AB Inorganic and organic anions can be separated on an ordinary silica C18 column using a mobile phase containing tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) and an aminosulfonic acid zwitterion reagent (MOPS). The pH of this eluent is close to 7 and the background conductivity is about 50 muS, which is low enough to permit anion analyte detection by direct conductivity. Linear calibration curves were obtained for the six anions studied and detection limits ranged from 0.075 to 0.15 mg/l (ppm) for the five inorganic anions. The method was applied to the determination of water-soluble anions in aerosol samples at concentrations as low as 0.3 mg/l. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310028, Peoples R China. Univ Tasmania, Australian Ctr Res Separat Sci, Sch Chem, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Fritz, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, 332 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 1020 IS 2 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.009 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 743DN UT WOS:000186557300010 PM 14661749 ER PT J AU Kim, BG Schwartz, SE Miller, MA Min, QL AF Kim, BG Schwartz, SE Miller, MA Min, QL TI Effective radius of cloud droplets by ground-based remote sensing: Relationship to aerosol SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; effective radius; cloud ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL DEPTH; WATER CLOUDS; CLIMATE MODELS; SATELLITE; PARAMETERIZATION; STRATUS; MICROPHYSICS; SCATTERING; RADIOMETER AB [1] Enhancement of cloud droplet number concentration by anthropogenic aerosols has previously been demonstrated by in-situ measurements, but there remains large uncertainty in the resultant enhancement of cloud optical depth and reflectivity. Detection of this effect is made difficult by the large inherent variability in cloud liquid water path (LWP); the dominant influence of LWP on optical depth and albedo masks any aerosol influences. Here we use ground-based remote sensing of cloud optical depth (tau(c)) by narrowband radiometry and LWP by microwave radiometry to determine the dependence of optical depth on LWP, thereby permitting examination of aerosol influence; the method is limited to complete overcast conditions with single layer clouds, as determined mainly by millimeter wave cloud radar. Measurements in north central Oklahoma on 13 different days in the year 2000 show wide variation in LWP and optical depth on any given day, but with near linear proportionality between the two quantities; variance in LWP accounts as much as 97% of the variance in optical depth on individual days and for about 63% of the variance in optical depth for the whole data set. The slope of optical depth vs. LWP is inversely proportional to the effective radius of cloud droplets (r(e)); event-average cloud droplet effective radius ranged from 5.6 +/- 0.1 to 12.3 +/- 0.6 mm (average +/- uncertainty in the mean). This effective radius is negatively correlated with aerosol light scattering coefficient at the surface as expected for the aerosol indirect effect; the weak correlation (R-2 = 0.24) might be due in part to vertically decoupled structure of aerosol particle concentration and possible meteorological influence such as vertical wind shear. Cloud albedo and radiative forcing for a given LWP are highly sensitive to effective radius; for solar zenith angle 60degrees and typical LWP of 100 g m(-2), as effective radius decreases from 10.2 to 5.8 mm determined on different days, the resultant decrease in calculated net shortwave irradiance at the top of the atmosphere (Twomey forcing) is about 50 W m(-2). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Kim, BG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM ses@bnl.gov RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 53 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D23 AR 4740 DI 10.1029/2003JD003721 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756QG UT WOS:000187492000003 ER PT J AU Krumper Jr Gerisch, M Suh, JM Bergman, RG Tilley, TD AF Krumper, JR Gerisch, M Suh, JM Bergman, RG Tilley, TD TI Monomeric rhodium(II) catalysts for the preparation of aziridines and enantioselective formation of cyclopropanes from ethyl diazoacetate at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL CARBENE TRANSFORMATIONS; BIS(OXAZOLINE) PINCER LIGANDS; LEWIS-ACID; ASYMMETRIC AZIRIDINATION; SELECTIVE CYCLOPROPANATION; CHIRAL CATALYSTS; COMPLEXES; OLEFINS; IMINES; CIS AB A family of bis(oxazoline) complexes of coordinatively unsaturated monomeric rhodium(II) (2a,b, 3a,b) are described. These complexes serve as catalysts for cyclopropanation of olefins by ethyl diazoacetate, giving excellent yields (66-94%). Enantioselectivities for the cis product isomers are good (61-84%). The reaction shows an unusual preference for formation of the cis isomers. Catalytic aziridination of N-aryl imines with ethyl diazoacetate is also described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, CNDOS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bergman@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 49 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 25 BP 9705 EP 9710 DI 10.1021/jo035120e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 750UK UT WOS:000187016700021 PM 14656097 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Ahn, MH Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, G Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Booth, PSL Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carron, S Carosi, R Casarsa, M Caskey, W Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerri, C Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Coca, MN Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Doksus, P Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Drollinger, V Ebina, K Eddy, N Ely, R Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flanagan, G Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Frisch, H Fujii, Y Furic, I Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, DW Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heider, E Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, MA Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Issever, C Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jarrell, J Jeans, D Jensen, H Jones, M Jun, SY Junk, T Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karchin, PE Kartal, S Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khazins, D Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK King, BT Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Kobayashi, H Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lauhakangas, R Lazzizzera, I Le, Y Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Loverre, P Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Manca, G Marginean, R Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, R Morello, M Moulik, T Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakamura, I Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Necula, V Niell, F Nielsen, J Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nicollerat, AS Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Oesterberg, K Ogawa, T Oh, S Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Pratt, T Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schemitz, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schofield, G Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Sidoti, A Siket, M Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spiegel, L Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Stadie, H Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takach, SF Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tannenbaum, B Tanimoto, N Tapprogge, S Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Turner, M Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, N Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, W Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Ahn, MH Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, G Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Booth, PSL Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carron, S Carosi, R Casarsa, M Caskey, W Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerri, C Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Coca, MN Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Doksus, P Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Drollinger, V Ebina, K Eddy, N Ely, R Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flanagan, G Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Frisch, H Fujii, Y Furic, I Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, DW Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heider, E Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, MA Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Issever, C Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jarrell, J Jeans, D Jensen, H Jones, M Jun, SY Junk, T Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karchin, PE Kartal, S Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khazins, D Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK King, BT Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Kobayashi, H Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lauhakangas, R Lazzizzera, I Le, Y Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Loverre, P Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Manca, G Marginean, R Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, R Morello, M Moulik, T Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakamura, I Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Necula, V Niell, F Nielsen, J Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nicollerat, AS Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Oesterberg, K Ogawa, T Oh, S Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Pratt, T Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schemitz, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schofield, G Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Sidoti, A Siket, M Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spiegel, L Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Stadie, H Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takach, SF Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tannenbaum, B Tanimoto, N Tapprogge, S Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Turner, M Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, N Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, W Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S CA CDF II Collaboration TI Measurement of prompt charm meson production cross sections in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY QUARK PRODUCTION; ROOT-S; CDF; TRACKER AB We report on measurements of differential cross sections dsigma/dp(T) for prompt charm meson production in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.96 TeV using 5.8+/-0.3 pb(-1) of data from the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The data are collected with a new trigger that is sensitive to the long lifetime of hadrons containing heavy flavor. The charm meson cross sections are measured in the central rapidity region \y\less than or equal to1 in four fully reconstructed decay modes: D-0-->K(-)pi(+), D*+-->D(0)pi(+), D+-->K(-)pi(+)pi(+), D-s(+)-->phipi(+), and their charge conjugates. The measured cross sections are compared to theoretical calculations. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Grp, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Rome La Sapienza 1, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Acosta, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016 OI Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594 NR 21 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 241804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.241804 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000019 PM 14683110 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A Drees, KA du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A Drees, KA du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Midrapidity neutral-pion production in proton-proton collisions at root s 200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING-ORDER; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; PHOTON PRODUCTION; GLUON JETS; QUARK; PARTICLES; PHYSICS AB The invariant differential cross section for inclusive neutral-pion production in p+p collisions at roots=200 GeV has been measured at midrapidity (\eta\<0.35) over the range 1pi(0)pi(0) based on a sample of 124x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We observe 46+/-13+/-3 events, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic, corresponding to a significance of 4.2 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties. We measure the branching fraction B(B-0-->pi(0)pi(0))=(2.1+/-0.6+/-0.3)x10(-6), averaged over B-0 and (B) over bar (0) decays. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013 OI Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 241801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.241801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000016 ER PT J AU Bedaque, PF Caldas, H Rupak, G AF Bedaque, PF Caldas, H Rupak, G TI Phase separation in asymmetrical fermion superfluids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE FIELD; QUARK MATTER; COLOR; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Motivated by recent developments on cold atom traps and high density QCD we consider fermionic systems composed of two particle species with different densities. We argue that a mixed phase composed of normal and superfluid components is the energetically favored ground state. We suggest how this phase separation can be used as a probe of fermion superfluidity in atomic traps. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fed Sao Joao Del Ray, BR-36300000 Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil. RP Bedaque, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Caldas, Heron/H-5951-2016 OI Caldas, Heron/0000-0001-8783-7265 NR 18 TC 234 Z9 234 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 247002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.247002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000057 PM 14683148 ER PT J AU Beloborodov, IS Efetov, KB Lopatin, AV Vinokur, VM AF Beloborodov, IS Efetov, KB Lopatin, AV Vinokur, VM TI Transport properties of granular metals at low temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-STATE; LA2-XSRXCUO4; TRANSITION; CROSSOVER; FILMS AB We investigate transport in a granular metallic system at large tunneling conductance between the grains, g(T)>1. We show that at low temperatures, Tless than or equal tog(T)delta, where delta is the mean energy level spacing in a single grain, the coherent electron motion at large distances dominates the physics, contrary to the high-temperature (T>g(T)delta) behavior where conductivity is controlled by the scales of the order of the grain size. In three dimensions we predict the metal-insulator transition at the bare tunneling conductance g(T)(C)=(1/6pi)ln(E-C/delta), where E-C is the charging energy of a single grain. Corrections to the density of states of granular metals due to the electron-electron interaction are calculated. Our results compare favorably with the logarithmic dependence of resistivity in the high-T-c cuprate superconductors indicating that these materials may have a granular structure. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. RP Beloborodov, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Efetov, Konstantin/H-8852-2013 NR 13 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 246801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.246801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000052 PM 14683143 ER PT J AU Bracht, H Pedersen, JF Zangenberg, N Larsen, AN Haller, EE Lulli, G Posselt, M AF Bracht, H Pedersen, JF Zangenberg, N Larsen, AN Haller, EE Lulli, G Posselt, M TI Radiation enhanced silicon self-diffusion and the silicon vacancy at high temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC POINT-DEFECTS; DYNAMICS AB We report proton radiation enhanced self-diffusion (RESD) studies on Si-isotope heterostructures. Self-diffusion experiments under irradiation were performed at temperatures between 780 degreesC and 872 degreesC for various times and proton fluxes. Detailed modeling of RESD provides direct evidence that vacancies at high temperatures diffuse with a migration enthalpy of H-V(m)=(1.8+/-0.5) eV significantly more slowly than expected from their diffusion at low temperatures, which is described by H-V(m)<0.5 eV. We conclude that this diffusion behavior is a consequence of the microscopic configuration of the vacancy whose entropy and enthalpy of migration increase with increasing temperature. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, IMM Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. FZ Rossendorf, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Bracht, H (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Mat Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RI Lulli, Giorgio/N-6203-2014 OI Lulli, Giorgio/0000-0002-1222-367X NR 24 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 245502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.245502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000042 PM 14683133 ER PT J AU Li, YL Krinsky, S Lewellen, JW Kim, KJ Sajaev, V Milton, SV AF Li, YL Krinsky, S Lewellen, JW Kim, KJ Sajaev, V Milton, SV TI Characterization of a chaotic optical field using a high-gain, self-amplified free-electron laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SASE FEL RADIATION; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; FLUCTUATIONS; NOISE; REGIME; PULSES AB We report on a characterization of the chaotic optical field from a high-gain, self-amplified spontaneous-emission (SASE) free-electron laser. The temporal structure of the amplitude and phase are measured in a single-shot mode, with a resolution well below the coherence length, and the statistics over multiple pulses is determined. The measurement is in excellent quantitative agreement with the prediction based on analysis of random noise, and further verifies the chaotic nature of the SASE optical field. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 243602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.243602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000028 PM 14683119 ER PT J AU Paglione, J Tanatar, MA Hawthorn, DG Boaknin, E Hill, RW Ronning, F Sutherland, M Taillefer, L Petrovic, C Canfield, PC AF Paglione, J Tanatar, MA Hawthorn, DG Boaknin, E Hill, RW Ronning, F Sutherland, M Taillefer, L Petrovic, C Canfield, PC TI Field-induced quantum critical point in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMION SUPERCONDUCTOR CECOIN5; DILUTE MAGNETIC ALLOYS; LIQUID BEHAVIOR; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRONS; CEIRIN5; METALS; UPT3; IR; RH AB The resistivity of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 was measured as a function of temperature, down to 25 mK and in magnetic fields of up to 16 T applied perpendicular to the basal plane. With increasing field, we observe a suppression of the non-Fermi liquid behavior, rhosimilar toT, and the development of a Fermi liquid state, with its characteristic rho=rho(0)+AT(2) dependence. The field dependence of the T-2 coefficient shows critical behavior with an exponent of 1.37. This is evidence for a field-induced quantum critical point (QCP), occurring at a critical field which coincides, within experimental accuracy, with the superconducting critical field H-c2. We discuss the relation of this field-tuned QCP to a change in the magnetic state, seen as a change in magnetoresistance from positive to negative, at a crossover line that has a common border with the superconducting region below similar to1 K. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NAS Ukraine, Inst Surface Chem, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM paglione@physics.utoronto.ca RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Hawthorn, David/I-6491-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Hawthorn, David/0000-0002-7002-0416; NR 43 TC 224 Z9 225 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 246405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.246405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000048 PM 14683139 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, E Koh, H Rossnagel, K Yeom, HW Schafer, J Krenzer, B Rocha, MP Kevan, SD AF Rotenberg, E Koh, H Rossnagel, K Yeom, HW Schafer, J Krenzer, B Rocha, MP Kevan, SD TI Indium root 7x root 3 on Si(111): A nearly free electron metal in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR-TRANSITION; FERMI-SURFACE; DIFFUSION; ABSENCE; BAND; B=0 AB We present measurements of the Fermi surface and underlying band structure of a single layer of indium on Si(111) with root7xroot3 periodicity. Electrons from both indium valence electrons and silicon dangling bonds contribute to a nearly free, two-dimensional metal on a pseudo-4-fold lattice, which is almost completely decoupled at the Fermi level from the underlying hexagonal silicon lattice. The mean free path inferred from our data is quite long, suggesting the system might be a suitable model for studying the ground state of two-dimensional metals. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Rotenberg, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Kevan, Stephen/F-6415-2010 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Kevan, Stephen/0000-0002-4621-9142 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 246404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.246404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000047 PM 14683138 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Shan, W Beeman, JW Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Becla, P AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Shan, W Beeman, JW Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Becla, P TI Diluted II-VI oxide semiconductors with multiple band gaps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; SOLAR-CELLS; ALLOYS; EFFICIENCY AB We report the realization of a new mult-band-gap semiconductor. Zn1-yMnyOxTe1-x alloys have been synthesized using the combination of oxygen ion implantation and pulsed laser melting. Incorporation of small quantities of isovalent oxygen leads to the formation of a narrow, oxygen-derived band of extended states located within the band gap of the Zn1-yMnyTe host. When only 1.3% of Te atoms are replaced with oxygen in a Zn0.88Mn0.12Te crystal the resulting band structure consists of two direct band gaps with interband transitions at similar to1.77 and 2.7 eV. This remarkable modification of the band structure is well described by the band anticrossing model. With multiple band gaps that fall within the solar energy spectrum, Zn1-yMnyOxTe1-x is a material perfectly satisfying the conditions for single-junction photovoltaics with the potential for power conversion efficiencies surpassing 50%. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148 NR 22 TC 183 Z9 192 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 24 AR 246403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.246403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752XT UT WOS:000187202000046 PM 14683137 ER PT J AU Klein, S AF Klein, S TI The human cost of the SSC SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5652 BP 1893 EP 1893 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 752NL UT WOS:000187174000019 PM 14671270 ER PT J AU Elioff, MS Valentini, JJ Chandler, DW AF Elioff, MS Valentini, JJ Chandler, DW TI Subkelvin cooling NO molecules via "billiard-like" collisions with argon SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SODIUM ATOMS; GAS; PHOTOASSOCIATION; CESIUM; VAPOR; LASER; ION AB We report the cooling of nitric oxide using a single collision between an argon atom and a molecule of NO. We have produced significant numbers (10(8) to 10(9) molecules per cubic centimeter per quantum state) of translationally cold NO molecules in a specific quantum state with an upper-limit root mean square laboratory velocity of 15 plus or minus 1 meters per second, corresponding to a 406 plus or minus 23 millikelvin upper limit of temperature, in a crossed molecular beam apparatus. The technique, which relies on a kinematic collapse of the velocity distributions of the molecular beams for the scattering events that produce cold molecules, is general and independent of the energy of the colliding partner. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Elioff, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 30 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5652 BP 1940 EP 1943 DI 10.1126/science.1090679 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 752NL UT WOS:000187174000053 PM 14671296 ER PT J AU Dang, NC Reinot, T Small, GJ Hayes, JM AF Dang, NC Reinot, T Small, GJ Hayes, JM TI Probing confined water with nonphotochemical hole burning spectroscopy: Aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYPERQUENCHED GLASSY WATER; POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL; INORGANIC HOSTS; FILMS; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; MECHANISM; HYDROGEL AB Nonphotochemical hole burning is used to measure the linear electron-phonon coupling, the temperature dependence of the pure dephasing, and the zero-phonon hole growth kinetics of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (APT) in glassy water confined in pores (similar to30 Angstrom) of films of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly-HEMA). The hole burning properties of APT in the polymer are compared with those of APT in hyperquenched glassy films of water and ethanol. Below similar to8 K in the polymer, the dephasing, which is dominated by coupling to the intrinsic two-level systems (TLSint) of the glass, is found to be more similar to that of APT in unannealed hyperquenched glassy water (HGW) films than in annealed HGW films. This shows, for the first time, that confinement does not lead to a significant decrease in the TLSint density. At higher temperatures, dephasing due to exchange coupling with a pseudolocalized mode at 42 cm(-1) becomes dominant. This coupling is due to diagonal quadratic electron-phonon coupling that leads to a change in mode energy upon electronic excitation of APT. The 42 cm(-1) vibration is assigned to the transverse acoustic mode of confined water. In HGW the energy of this mode is 50 cm(-1). The interaction of APT with surface-bound water and the polymer surface also leads to reduction of the energy of the linearly coupled (Franck-Condon active) phonon mode from 38 cm(-1) for HGW to 32 cm(-1). Hole growth kinetics measurements for APT in polymer saturated with D2O are compared with those in polymer saturated with H2O. In the heavy water the hole burning is 330 times slower. The equivalent factor for heavy HGW is 800. Thus, the mechanism of hole burning involves proton tunneling associated with the extrinsic two-level systems (TLSext) introduced by the dye. In contrast, dephasing data indicate that the coordinate of the TLSint is spatially extended and involves only small-amplitude motion of protons. Differences between the hole-burning properties of APT in poly-HEMA and in HGW and hyperquenched ethanol are discussed in terms of the interactions of APT with bound (nonfreezable) water and the hydroxyethyl groups of the polymer. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hayes, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 49 BP 10514 EP 10520 DI 10.1021/jp0344895 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 750QX UT WOS:000187009500006 ER PT J AU Michael, JV Su, MC Sutherland, JW Harding, LB Wagner, AF AF Michael, JV Su, MC Sutherland, JW Harding, LB Wagner, AF TI Rate constants for D+C2H2 -> C2HD+H at high temperature: Implications to the high pressure rate constant for H+C2H2 -> C2H3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ACTIVATED VINYL RADICALS; SHOCK-TUBE TECHNIQUE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; D-ATOM ADDITIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ADIABATIC CONNECTION; ACETYLENE; HYDROGEN AB The reflected shock tube technique with D atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS) detection has been used to study the bimolecular reaction, D + C2H2 --> C2HD + H. D atoms were produced from the thermal decomposition Of C2D5I above similar to 1150 K. The initially formed C2D5 radicals rapidly decompose to give D + C2H4. Rate constant values were obtained from both reactant and product hydrogen atom measurements, and these were found to be identical within experimental error. The title reaction proceeds through a vibrationally excited vinyl radical, and the equivalence of results based on reactant and product measurements suggests that radical stabilization is negligible over the temperature and pressure ranges of the experiments. For 1100 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 1630 K, the results can be described by the linear-least-squares Arrhenius expression: k = (2.77 +/- 0.45) x 10(-10) exp(-3051 +/- 210 K/T) in units of cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), with the one standard deviation of the values from the equation being +/- 10.7%. Application of RRKM theory with negligible stabilization shows that k = k(Dinfinity) where the k(iepsilon)'s refer to RRKM evaluated specific rate constants for forward and backward dissociations, and k(Dinfinity) is the high-pressure limiting rate constant for D addition to acetylene. Hence, the present measurements coupled with earlier measurements and modem ab initio potential energy determinations allow for specification of the high-pressure limiting rate constants. The same model can then be used for the protonated reaction, H + C2H2, where a considerable ambiguity has existed for about 30 years. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave,D-193,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 49 BP 10533 EP 10543 DI 10.1021/jp034170n PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 750QX UT WOS:000187009500009 ER PT J AU Parsons, BF Chandler, DW AF Parsons, BF Chandler, DW TI On the dissociation of van der Waals clusters of X-2-cyclohexane (X = O, Cl) following charge-transfer excitation in the ultraviolet SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; TRANSFER STATE; AB-INITIO; DYNAMICS; BENZENE; COMPLEXES; SOLVATION; IODINE; NM; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB We report the results of experiments investigating the charge-transfer state photofragments of a van der Waals cluster after excitation through a strong absorption band in the ultraviolet. The O-2-cyclohexane cluster has a strong absorption to a charge-transfer state near 226 nm resulting in dissociation yielding O(P-3). On the basis of a simple model (Mulliken, R. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 811) and low level ab initio calculations, the location of the charge-transfer absorption for a Cl-2-cyclohexane cluster is predicted and the dissociation of this cluster leading to Cl*(P-2(1/2)) and Cl(P-2(3/2)) is also investigated. The translational energy distribution, P(ET) for each cluster is analyzed in terms of two possible dissociation mechanisms. The dissociation may be considered to proceed on the initially accessed charge-transfer state through a harpooning-type mechanism. Alternatively, the dissociation may proceed following a nonadiabatic electronic transition to the neutral excited states of the diatomic subunit of the cluster. For O-2-cyclohexane, the P(ET) is consistent with the second dissociation mechanism. We determine from the available data that the likely structure for the vdW complex is analogous to the resting structure Of I-2-benzene with the 02 bond axis lying above the cyclohexane ring. For Cl-2-cyclohexane, we analyze the velocity dependence of the Cl recoil anisotropy and find it increases from nearly isotropic (beta similar to 0) to distinctly anisotropic (beta similar to 1.7-2). The fast, anisotropic Cl atoms result from dissociation of the cluster on the neutral excited states Of Cl-2. The slow, isotropic Cl atoms likely result from secondary dissociation of the product Cl-cyclohexane cluster. We determine a Cl*(P-2(1/2))/Cl(P-2(3/2)) branching ratio of 0.53 +/- 0.05 and estimate that similar to19% of the observed Cl atoms result from primary dissociation on the initially accessed charge-transfer state. The data suggest that the Cl-2-cyclohexane cluster has an axial-like structure following absorption of a photon. Finally, we explain the rapid nonadiabatic hop from the charge-transfer state to the neutral excited states of the diatomic in terms of coupling of the states though a one-electron change. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chandler, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 49 BP 10544 EP 10553 DI 10.1021/jp0301150 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 750QX UT WOS:000187009500010 ER PT J AU Vakhtin, AB McCabe, DC Ravishankara, AR Leone, SR AF Vakhtin, AB McCabe, DC Ravishankara, AR Leone, SR TI Low-temperature kinetics of the reaction of the OH radical with hydrogen peroxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; LAVAL NOZZLE APPARATUS; RATE CONSTANTS; BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; LOW-PRESSURES; H2O2; OH(V=1); DNO3 AB The kinetics of the reaction of the OH radical with hydrogen peroxide, H(2)O(2), are studied over a temperature range of 96-296 K. The low-temperature environment is provided by a pulsed Laval nozzle supersonic expansion of nitrogen with admixed H(2)O(2). Hydrogen peroxide serves as both the OH radical photolytic precursor (lambda = 248 nm) and a reactant. Laser-induced fluorescence of the OH radicals excited in the (1,0) band of the A(2)Sigma(+)-X(2)Pi(i) transition is used to monitor the kinetics of OH removal. The rate coefficient of the OH + H(2)O(2) reaction (k(1)) shows a negative temperature dependence within this temperature range, which can be expressed as k(1) = (6.8 +/- 1.0) x 10(-13) exp[(285 +/- 27)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The combined low- and high-temperature (literature) kinetic data form a U-shaped Arrhenius plot, which suggests that the reaction mechanism changes from direct abstraction (at high temperatures) to a mechanism involving formation of a hydrogen-bonded complex (at low temperatures). Atmospheric implications of the new low-temperature kinetic data are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 49 BP 10642 EP 10647 DI 10.1021/jp030424q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 750QX UT WOS:000187009500021 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Lin, Y Li, HP Huang, WJ Connell, JW Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Zhou, B Lin, Y Li, HP Huang, WJ Connell, JW Allard, LF Sun, YP TI Absorptivity of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes in solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLUBILIZATION; PURIFICATION; DISSOLUTION; CHEMISTRY AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were solubilized by attaching functional groups to the nanotube-bound carboxylic acids in the esterification and various amidation reactions. The solubility made it possible to not only characterize the functionalized SWNT samples in solution but also quantitatively measure the UV/vis/NIR absorption spectra of the samples. The nanotube contents in the soluble samples were determined in terms of NMR signal integrations in reference to internal standards and through thermal gravimetric analyses. The absorptivity results thus obtained are similar for SWNTs in the different functionalized samples. For the near-infrared absorption band corresponding to the first pair of van Hove singularities in the electronic density of states for semiconducting SWNTs, the peak absorptivity is 0.5-2.2 (mg/mL)(-1) cm(-1). The absorption properties of SWNTs are apparently insensitive to changes in the sample environment, such as the functionalization with significantly different groups. The effects of scattering on the accurate determination of absorptivity are discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Li, Huaping/E-1456-2011 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 49 BP 13588 EP 13592 DI 10.1021/jp0307248 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 750QY UT WOS:000187009700008 ER PT J AU Snee, PT Garrett-Roe, S Harris, CB AF Snee, PT Garrett-Roe, S Harris, CB TI Dynamics of an excess electron at metal/polar interfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATED ELECTRON; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; INVERSE PHOTOEMISSION; SEMICONTINUUM MODEL; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; PULSE RADIOLYSIS; LIQUID ALCOHOLS AB The low-temperature equilibrium and nonequilibrium solvation dynamics of an excess electron in bulk and at a surface interface have been characterized using mixed quanturn/classical simulation methods. A methanol bath was modeled using classical molecular dynamics, whereas the properties of an excess electron were calculated from a wave function based approach. The temperature dependence of the bulk response has been found to be minimal, which may indicate that large scale hydrogen bond breaking and diffusive motion may not play important roles in the solvation dynamics. The equilibrium dynamics have also been compared to nonequilibrium simulations of charge injection into the neat bath. An excess electron at a methanol/Pt(100) surface interface has been shown to become solvated by the bath yet is less bound by a factor of similar to2 compared to the bulk. The solvent response function also displays interesting differences when compared to the low temperature bulk glass. These results also reveal many of the microscopic properties of the solvated interfacial electrons that have recently been observed from ultrafast two photon photoelectron spectroscopy studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Garrett-Roe, Sean/C-6037-2011 OI Garrett-Roe, Sean/0000-0001-6199-8773 NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 49 BP 13608 EP 13615 DI 10.1021/jp022665o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 750QY UT WOS:000187009700012 ER PT J AU LaVerne, JA Tandon, L AF LaVerne, JA Tandon, L TI H-2 production in the radiolysis of water on UO2 and other oxides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SILICA NANOPARTICLE/WATER INTERFACE; HYDROGEN GAS-FORMATION; NUCLEAR-FUEL UO2; ENERGY-TRANSFER; HETEROGENEOUS RADIOLYSIS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE; ADSORBED STATE; HEAVY-IONS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES AB The production of H-2 in the gamma-ray and 5 MeV helium ion radiolyses of water adsorbed on 0.4 and 1 mum particles Of UO2 has been examined. The yields of H2 determined with respect to the total energy deposited in the oxide-water system is 0.016 molecule/100 eV, which is about the same as similarly sized CeO2 particles. Radiation chemical yields of H2 increase substantially with decreasing number of adsorbed water layers when the yield is determined with respect to the energy deposited directly by gamma-rays in the water. A yield of about 40 molecules of H-2 per 100 eV energy directly absorbed by four layers of water on UO2 compared to 0.45 molecule/100 eV in bulk liquid water strongly suggests that energy is being transported from the oxide through the water interface. The results with UO2 have been combined with data on ZrO2 and CeO2 to give H-2 yields for a wide range of water loading. H-2 is mainly produced from chemisorbed water in the gamma-radiolysis of ZrO2, and its yield decreases in the presence of O-2 to values comparable to those for UO2 and CeO2. The yields of H-2, in the 5 MeV helium ion radiolysis of water on UO2, CeO2, and ZrO2 are similar, indicating that these materials may be suitable for estimating H-2 production in transuranic waste. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP LaVerne, JA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 68 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 49 BP 13623 EP 13628 DI 10.1021/jp035381s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 750QY UT WOS:000187009700014 ER PT J AU Detavernier, C Ozcan, AS Jordan-Sweet, J Stach, EA Tersoff, J Ross, FM Lavoie, C AF Detavernier, C Ozcan, AS Jordan-Sweet, J Stach, EA Tersoff, J Ross, FM Lavoie, C TI An off-normal fibre-like texture in thin films on single-crystal substrates SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; INPLANE TEXTURE; METALLIZATION; INHERITANCE AB In the context of materials science, texture describes the statistical distribution of grain orientations. It is an important characteristic of the microstructure of polycrystalline films(1 - 5), determining various electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties. Three types of texture component are usually distinguished in thin films: random texture, when grains have no preferred orientation; fibre texture(6 - 10), for which one crystallographic axis of the film is parallel to the substrate normal, while there is a rotational degree of freedom around the fibre axis; and epitaxial alignment ( or in- plane texture) on single- crystal substrates(11 - 15), where an in- plane alignment fixes all three axes of the grain with respect to the substrate. Here we report a fourth type of texture - which we call axiotaxy - identified from complex but symmetrical patterns of lines on diffraction pole figures for thin films formed by solid- state reactions. The texture is characterized by the alignment of planes in the film and substrate that share the same d- spacing. This preferred alignment of planes across the interface manifests itself as a fibre texture lying off- normal to the sample surface, with the fibre axis perpendicular to certain planes in the substrate. This texture forms because it results in an interface, which is periodic in one dimension, preserved independently of interfacial curvature. This new type of preferred orientation may be the dominant type of texture for a wide class of materials and crystal structures. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. State Univ Ghent, Dept Solid State Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Detavernier, C (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 20 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6967 BP 641 EP 645 DI 10.1038/nature02198 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 752DY UT WOS:000187132800035 PM 14668858 ER PT J AU Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Bowman, JD Leuschner, MB Penttila, SI Pomeroy, VR Rich, DR Sharapov, EI Yuan, VW AF Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Bowman, JD Leuschner, MB Penttila, SI Pomeroy, VR Rich, DR Sharapov, EI Yuan, VW TI Progress toward a new measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in (n)over-right-arrow+p -> d+gamma SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE weak interaction and lepton aspects ID PION-NUCLEON COUPLINGS; ANAPOLE MOMENT; WEAK INTERACTION; NEUTRON BEAMS; GAMMA-RAY; CAPTURE; F-18; POLARIZATION; SCATTERING; APPARATUS AB A proof-of-principle experiment using unpolarized low-energy neutron capture on polyethylene and an array of 12 CsI detectors operated in current mode has been performed to test the possibility of measuring at LANSCE the parity-violating asymmetry A(gamma) in the angular distribution of 2.23 MeV gamma rays from the (n) over right arrow + p --> d + gamma reaction. Results of this experiment including the current mode signal, electronic noise and detector sensitivity to magnetic fields are reported. The motivation and conceptual design for a new experiment aimed at a 10-fold improvement in the accuracy of A(gamma) are outlined. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Leuschner, MB (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 3 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.010 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751FF UT WOS:000187041600014 ER PT J AU Wenk, HR Lutterotti, L Vogel, S AF Wenk, HR Lutterotti, L Vogel, S TI Texture analysis with the new HIPPO TOF diffractometer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; texture analysis; Rietveld ID ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POLE FIGURES; LIMESTONE; STANDARD; DUBNA AB The new neutron time-of-flight (TOF) diffractometer HIPPO (High-Pressure-Preferred Orientation) at LANSCE (Los Alamos Neutron Science Center) is described and results for quantitative texture analysis of a standard sample are discussed. HIPPO overcomes the problem of weak neutron scattering intensities by taking advantage of the improved source at LANSCE, a short flight path (9 m) and a novel three-dimensional arrangement of detector banks with 1360 He-3 tubes, on five conical rings with scattering angles ranging from 2theta = 10degrees to 150degrees. Flux at the sample is on the order of 10(7) neutrons cm(-2) s(-1). A large sample chamber (75 cm diameter well) can accommodate ancillary equipment such as an automatic sample changer/goniometer used in this study. This instrument was used to measure the texture of a round-robin limestone standard and extract orientation distribution data from TOF diffraction spectra with different methods (Rietveld harmonic method, Rietveld direct method, automatic fitting of individual peak intensities), and the results compare favorably. Also, there is good agreement with results obtained on the same sample measured at other facilities. but with greatly reduced measuring time for HIPPO. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wenk, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Lutterotti, Luca/E-2426-2014; OI Lutterotti, Luca/0000-0002-0949-8322; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 29 TC 194 Z9 195 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 3 BP 575 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.05.001 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751FF UT WOS:000187041600015 ER PT J AU Wojtsekhowski, B Tedeschi, D Vlahovic, B AF Wojtsekhowski, B Tedeschi, D Vlahovic, B TI A pair polarimeter for linearly polarized high-energy photons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE polarimeter for gamma-rays; silicon micro-strip ID ELECTRON SYNCHROTRON; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; RADIATOR AB Electron-positron pair production, the main process for high-energy photon interaction with matter, has a large analyzing power for linear polarized photons. Our calculations show that in the GeV energy range a compact polarimeter based on silicon micro-strip detectors is feasible. We calculated the cross-section as a function of the angle between the polarization plane and the line between positron and electron positions in the detector. For a thin radiator and equal energies of the positron and electron the ratio sigma(parallel to)/sigma(perpendicular to) is about 1.6. At a beam intensity of 10(6) photons per second. a polarization measurement with a 1% statistical accuracy will require less than 1 h of data taking. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Wojtsekhowski, B (reprint author), TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 3 BP 605 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.009 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751FF UT WOS:000187041600017 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, D Morales, J Cebrian, S Garcia, E Irastorza, IG Morales, A de Solorzano, AO Puimedon, J Sarsa, ML Villar, JA Aalseth, CE Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Hensley, WK Miley, HS Reeves, JH Kirpichnikov, IV Vasenko, AA Klimenko, AA Osetrov, SB Smolnikov, AA Vasiliev, SI Pogosov, VS Tamanyan, AG AF Gonzalez, D Morales, J Cebrian, S Garcia, E Irastorza, IG Morales, A de Solorzano, AO Puimedon, J Sarsa, ML Villar, JA Aalseth, CE Avignone, FT Brodzinski, RL Hensley, WK Miley, HS Reeves, JH Kirpichnikov, IV Vasenko, AA Klimenko, AA Osetrov, SB Smolnikov, AA Vasiliev, SI Pogosov, VS Tamanyan, AG TI Pulse-shape discrimination in the IGEX experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE pulse-shape discrimination; Ge detectors; double-beta decay; neutrino mass ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; DARK-MATTER SEARCH; GERMANIUM DETECTORS; LIMITS; SCINTILLATOR; RECOILS; GE-76; MASS AB The IGEX experiment has been operating enriched germanium detectors in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (Spain) in a search for the neutrinoless double decay of Ge-76. The implementation of pulse-shape discrimination techniques to reduce the radioactive background is described in detail. This analysis has been applied to a fraction of the IGEX data, leading to a rejection of similar to60% of their background, in the region of interest (from 2 to 2.5 MeV), down to similar to0.09 c/keV kg yr. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Zaragoza, Fac Sci, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Inst Nucl Res, Baksan Neutrino Observ, Neutrino 361609, Russia. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Morales, J (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Fac Sci, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, C Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. EM jmorales@posta.unizar.es RI Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/K-6108-2014; Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014; OI Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-7552-1228; Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Garcia Abancens, Eduardo/0000-0002-9827-2332 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 3 BP 634 EP 643 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.06.008 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751FF UT WOS:000187041600021 ER PT J AU Ikagawa, T Kataoka, J Yatsu, Y Kawai, N Mori, K Kamae, T Tajima, H Mizuno, T Fukazawa, Y Ishikawa, Y Kawabata, N Inutsuka, T AF Ikagawa, T Kataoka, J Yatsu, Y Kawai, N Mori, K Kamae, T Tajima, H Mizuno, T Fukazawa, Y Ishikawa, Y Kawabata, N Inutsuka, T TI Performance of large-area avalanche photodiode for low-energy X-rays and gamma-rays scintillation detection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE avalanche photodiode; low-signal scintillation detector; minimum detectable energy ID RADIATION; READOUT AB We report on the performance of large-area (5 x 5 mm(2)) avalanche photodiodes (APD) produced by Hamamatsu Photonics, as a low-energy X-rays and gamma-rays scintillation detector. Hamamatsu APD has a reverse structure and works at relatively low bias voltage of 300-350 V. The leakage current is 1.2 nA at room temperature (25degreesC) and decreases to 10 pA at -20degreesC for an avalanche gain of 50. The best FWHM energy resolutions of 9.4+/-0.3% and 7.4+/-0.3% were obtained for 59.5 keV gamma-rays from Am-241 and 122 keV gamma-rays from Co-57 sources, respectively, as measured with a 5 x 5 x 5mm(3) cubic CsI(TI) crystal. We show that the minimum detectable energy for the scintillation light is remarkably low; 4.6 keV at room temperature (20degreesC) and 1.1 keV at -20degreesC. 5.9 keV X-rays from Fe-55 were clearly resolved at -20degreesC with an FWHM resolution of 32.9+/-0.3%. These results suggest that Hamamatsu APD can be a promising device for future applications in low-energy scintillation detection. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Clear Pulse Co, Tokyo, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. Hamamatsu Photon KK, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. RP Ikagawa, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 3 BP 671 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.024 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751FF UT WOS:000187041600026 ER PT J AU Cohen-Tanugi, J Convery, M Ratcliff, B Sarazin, X Schwiening, J Va'vra, J AF Cohen-Tanugi, J Convery, M Ratcliff, B Sarazin, X Schwiening, J Va'vra, J TI Optical properties of the DIRC fused silica Cherenkov radiator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Cherenkov detector; particle identification system; BABAR experiment ID DETECTOR; BABAR AB The DIRC is a new type of Cherenkov detector that is successfully operating as the hadronic particle identification system for the BABAR experiment at SLAC. The fused silica bars that serve as the DIRC's Cherenkov radiators must transmit the light over long optical pathlengths with a large number of internal reflections. This imposes a number of stringent and novel requirements on the bar properties. This note summarizes a large amount of R&D that was performed both to develop specifications and production methods and to determine whether commercially produced bars could meet the requirements. One of the major outcomes of this R&D work is an understanding of methods to select radiation hard and optically uniform fused silica material. Others include measurement of the wavelength dependency of the internal reflection coefficient, and its sensitivity to surface contaminants, development of radiator support methods, and selection of good optical glue. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Schwiening, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 3 BP 680 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.026 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751FF UT WOS:000187041600027 ER PT J AU Tanaka, H Bains, B Bouwhuis, M Holt, R Makins, NCR Miyachi, Y Most, A Nathan, A Ohsuga, H Owen, BR Shibata, TA Williamson, S AF Tanaka, H Bains, B Bouwhuis, M Holt, R Makins, NCR Miyachi, Y Most, A Nathan, A Ohsuga, H Owen, BR Shibata, TA Williamson, S TI A gain monitoring system with a Nd : YAG laser for the photomultipliers of the HERMES experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE laser; gain calibration; calorimeter; hodoscope ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; CALIBRATION SYSTEM; SPECTROMETER AB The Gain Monitoring System (GMS) provides real-time gain monitoring of the photomultipliers of the HERMES experiment, using a Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm as the light source. The system sends light pulses via an optical fiber network to the detectors equipped with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), as well as to an array of reference detectors. Light pulses of different intensities are obtained by rotating a wheel carrying several attenuation plates in front of the light source. This permits the monitoring of the large dynamic range of ADC signals from the detectors, as well as the linearity of the PMT responses. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, 2-12-1, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM thide@nucl.phys.titech.ac.jp RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 3 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.057 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751FF UT WOS:000187041600030 ER PT J AU Starosta, K Fossan, DB Koike, T Vaman, C Radford, DC Chiara, CJ AF Starosta, K Fossan, DB Koike, T Vaman, C Radford, DC Chiara, CJ TI Background subtraction for Doppler-shift attenuation and angular correlation measurements with multi-detector Ge arrays SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE background subtraction; Doppler-shift attenuation method; angular correlation measurements; multi-detector arrays for gamma-ray spectroscopy ID RAY COINCIDENCE DATA; DATA SETS AB A novel background subtraction method for Doppler-shift attenuation and angular correlation measurements with large multi-detector HpGe arrays is presented. The formalism is designed for recently developed data base storage techniques with the event format resembling the original raw data structure. The background spectrum is constructed based on parameters extracted from one-dimensional spectra; the method, therefore, is complementary to currently applied methods which are designed for multi-dimensional, symmetrized histograms. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Starosta, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, NSCL, Cyclotron Lab, 164 S Shaw Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 3 BP 771 EP 781 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.008 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751FF UT WOS:000187041600034 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Analysis of five-point grids: the diamond configuration SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE interpolation; diamond array; rectangle array; operational equations; interaction coefficient AB It is thought to be impossible to estimate the interaction coefficient from five measurements taken at the vertex and center points of the diamond array. Estimates of the cited coefficient can be obtained by operational equations that use polynomials, sines and cosines, exponential terms, or powers of linear expressions. Interaction coefficients estimated by these equations are compared to the true values obtained by Taylor expansions of the generating functions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 144 IS 2-3 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(02)00415-0 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 704RN UT WOS:000184353800015 ER PT J AU Crew, GB Lamb, DQ Ricker, GR Atteia, JL Kawai, N Vanderspek, R Villasenor, J Doty, J Prigozhin, G Jernigan, JG Graziani, C Shirasaki, Y Sakamoto, T Suzuki, M Butler, N Hurley, K Tamagawa, T Yoshida, A Matsuoka, M Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Barraud, C Boer, M Dezalay, JP Olive, JF Levine, A Monnelly, G Martel, F Morgan, E Donaghy, TQ Torii, K Woosley, SE Cline, T Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G Takagishi, K Yamauchi, M AF Crew, GB Lamb, DQ Ricker, GR Atteia, JL Kawai, N Vanderspek, R Villasenor, J Doty, J Prigozhin, G Jernigan, JG Graziani, C Shirasaki, Y Sakamoto, T Suzuki, M Butler, N Hurley, K Tamagawa, T Yoshida, A Matsuoka, M Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Barraud, C Boer, M Dezalay, JP Olive, JF Levine, A Monnelly, G Martel, F Morgan, E Donaghy, TQ Torii, K Woosley, SE Cline, T Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G Takagishi, K Yamauchi, M TI HETE-2 localization and observation of the bright, X-ray-rich gamma-ray burst GRB 021211 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID EARLY OPTICAL-EMISSION; ASTROMETRIC CALIBRATION; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; ALERT NETWORK; GRB 990123; AFTERGLOW; PERFORMANCE; ENERGY; REDSHIFTS; UNIVERSE AB A bright, X-ray-rich gamma-ray burst (GRB) was detected by the French Gamma Telescope (FREGATE) and localized with the Wide Field X-ray Monitor (WXM) and Soft X-ray Camera (SXC) instruments on the High Energy Transient Explorer 2 satellite (HETE-2) at 11:18:34.03 UT (40714.03 SOD) on 2002 December 11. The WXM flight software localized the burst to a 14' radius; this was relayed to the astronomical community 22 s after the start of the burst. Ground analysis of WXM and SXC data provided refined localizations; the latter can be described as a circle with a radius of 2' centered at R.A. 08(h)09(m)00(s), decl. 06degrees44'20" (J2000.0). GRB 021211 consists of a single, FRED-like pulse with a duration t(90) approximate to 2.3 s at high energies (85-400 keV), which increases to t(90) approximate to 8.5 s at low energies (2-10 keV). The peak photon number and photon energy fluxes in the 2-400 keV band are (34.0 +/- 1.8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) and (1.68 +/- 0.11) x 10(-6) ergs cm(-2) s(-1), respectively. The energy fluences in the 2-30 and 30-400 keV energy bands are S-X = (1.36 +/- 0.05) x 10-6 ergs cm(-2) and S,, (2.17 +/- 0.15) x 10(-6) ergs cm(-2), respectively. Thus, GRB 021211 is an X-ray-rich GRB (S-X/S-gamma = 0.63 > 0.32). The average spectrum of the burst is well fitted by a Band function (low-energy power-law index alpha = -0.805(-0.105)(+0-112); high-energy power-law index beta = -2.37(-0.31)(+0.18);; and energy of the peak of the spectrum in vF(v), E-peak(obs) = 46.8(-5.1)(+5.8) keV). The near-real-time optical follow-up of GRB 021211 made possible by HETE-2 led to the detection of an optical afterglow for what otherwise would quite likely have been classified as an "optically dark" GRB, since the optical transient faded rapidly (from R < 14 to R &AP; 19) within the first 20 minutes, and was fainter than R &AP; 23 within 24 hr after the burst. GRB 021211 demonstrates that some fraction of burst afterglows are optically dark because their optical afterglows at times greater than 1 hr after the burst are very faint, and previously have often escaped detection. Such bursts are "optically dim" rather than truly optically dark. GRB 021211 also shows that even such optically dim bursts can have very bright optical afterglows at times less than 20 minutes after the burst. C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. CNR, IASF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. RP Crew, GB (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Space Res, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Boer, Michel/0000-0001-9157-4349 NR 49 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 1 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1086/379222 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FN UT WOS:000187149600031 ER PT J AU Beckley, HF Colgate, SA Romero, VD Ferrel, R AF Beckley, HF Colgate, SA Romero, VD Ferrel, R TI Rotation of a pulsed jet, or plume, in a rotating flow: A source of helicity for an alpha-omega astrophysical dynamo SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; methods : laboratory ID CONVECTIVE ENERGY TRANSPORT; STELLAR ATMOSPHERES; TURBULENT CONVECTION; BACKGROUND ROTATION; GALACTIC DYNAMOS; MODEL; THERMALS; BUOYANCY; DRIVEN AB A fluid-flow experiment was performed in water to investigate how an expanding pulsed jet rotates when injected off-axis into a rotating annular flow. The pulsed jet simulates a large-scale rising plume in a stellar or accretion disk environment. In the experiment, the pulsed jet was injected parallel to, but radially displaced from, the axis of rotation. The jet was observed to counterrotate Deltaphisimilar topi/2 to pi rad relative to the rotating frame before dispersing into the background flow. The counterrotation of an expanding pulsed jet in a rotating frame is the key result of the experiment. The counterrotation of the jet occurs because of the increased moment of inertia due to its expansion and conserved angular momentum. Rapid turbulent entrainment of the pulsed jet with the background flow during radial divergence when striking the end wall limits the net rotation of the jet. Shear within the differentially rotating background flow enhances the net rotation of the jet. Naturally occurring buoyant plumes in rotating flows should exhibit this same coherent nature, i.e., the same direction of rotation, the same vertical motion, and the same finite angle of rotation for every plume. This should make pulsed jets, or plumes, when occurring in a conducting medium, nearly ideal for producing helicity for the alpha-omega dynamo. In the experiment, Couette flow was established in water between two coaxial cylinders with an outer radius R-0=15 cm, an inner radius R-1=7.5 cm, and height Z=10 cm. The Reynolds number of the experiment was Resimilar or equal to10(5) in order to simulate the behavior of turbulent entrainment at high Reynolds number. The differential rotation of the background flow was varied from constant rotation, dOmega/dR=0, to Omega proportional to 1/R. The flow was made visible by pulsed hydrogen electrolysis from a tungsten wire and by dispersed guanidine in water. The flow was imaged using a digital video camcorder. These measurements are a precursor to the design and development of an alpha-omega dynamo experiment using liquid sodium, in turn with the purpose of simulating positive dynamo gain in a naturally occurring astrophysical flow. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beckley, HF (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 1 BP 702 EP 714 DI 10.1086/379239 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FN UT WOS:000187149600056 ER PT J AU Madgwick, DS Hewett, PC Mortlock, DJ Wang, LF AF Madgwick, DS Hewett, PC Mortlock, DJ Wang, LF TI Spectroscopic detection of type Ia supernovae in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; supernovae : general ID GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; CLASSIFICATION; DECELERATION; SPECTRA AB We present the results of a novel new search of the first data release from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR1) for the spectra of supernovae (SNe). The use of large spectroscopic galaxy surveys offers the prospect of obtaining improved estimates of the local SN rate, with the added benefit of a very different selection function to that of conventional photometric surveys. In this Letter we present an overview of our search methodology and the details of 19 Type Ia SNe found in SDSS-DR1. The SN sample is used to make a preliminary estimate, Gamma(Ia) = (0.4 +/- 0.2) h(2) SNu, of the cosmological SN rate. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Madgwick, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 50R-5032,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 599 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/381081 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FP UT WOS:000187149800009 ER PT J AU Taylor, JD Allendorf, MD McDaniel, AH Rice, SF AF Taylor, JD Allendorf, MD McDaniel, AH Rice, SF TI In situ diagnostics and modeling of methane catalytic partial oxidation on Pt in a stagnation-flow reactor SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION; PLATINUM SURFACES; PT(110)(1 X-2); SYNTHESIS GAS; OXYGEN; HYDROGEN; IGNITION; SIMULATIONS; ETHANE; SYNGAS AB The effect of catalyst temperature on the partial oxidation reaction pathways of methane over platinum is investigated in a stagnation-flow reactor. A new experimental method is described that uses Raman spectroscopy to measure the concentration of CH4 along the centerline of the reactor with the Pt surface at 900-1100 degreesC. The method permits the direct comparison of the measured reactivity with that predicted by the CHEMKIN SPIN stagnation-flow code when combined with recently developed partial oxidation elementary reaction mechanisms. A significant increase in the reactivity of CH4 on Pt is observed between 1000 and 1100 degreesC, concurrent with an increase in the selectivity to H-2 and CO. No single mechanism available in the literature correctly models the increase in reactivity or the change in selectivity in this temperature range. The experimental results are interpreted by examining the competitive adsorption between CH4 and O-2 and the two pathways by which CH4 can undergo dissociative adsorption. The temperature dependence of the sticking coefficient for the direct dissociative adsorption of CH4 is specifically identified as an important yet highly uncertain parameter in the reaction mechanism. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rice, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9052,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 25 BP 6559 EP 6566 DI 10.1021/ie020934r PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 751YV UT WOS:000187119200035 ER PT J AU Kenny, PA Bissell, MJ AF Kenny, PA Bissell, MJ TI Tumor reversion: Correction of malignant behavior by microenvironmental cues SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Deutsches-Krebsforschungzentrum CY MAY 30, 2001 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Krebs Forsch Zentrum DE breast cancer; 3D models; engineered mice; extracellular Matrix; microenvironment ID ROUS-SARCOMA VIRUS; CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; INTEGRIN-MEDIATED ADHESION; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; BREAST-CARCINOMA; C-MYC AB Cancer is characterized by unrestrained proliferation and loss of organization, a process that is intimately linked to, and controlled by, reciprocal signaling between the genetically altered tumor epithelium, the stroma, the components of the basement membrane and inflammatory mediators. Much work has been done to characterize the genetics of cancer cells. In this review, we describe the experiments that have been performed, which point to the significant role of the tissue microenvironment in the developmental regulation of normal and neoplastic cells. Using a variety of model systems, the works of a number of laboratories have converged on a hypothesis where the correction of 1 or 2 signaling defects can revert tumor cells to a normal phenotype, both in vivo and in culture, even when the tumor cells possess multiple genetic and epigenetic lesions. This paradigm has been successfully used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, and it remains the task of biomedical researchers to identify additional targets for the reversion of other human malignancies. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS83-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kenny, Paraic/A-3120-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA064786, CA57621, CA64786-02, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786-04A1, R37 CA064786] NR 80 TC 187 Z9 195 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 5 BP 688 EP 695 DI 10.1002/ijc.11491 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 740ZE UT WOS:000186432500002 PM 14566816 ER PT J AU Kwak, JH Szanyi, J Peden, CHF AF Kwak, JH Szanyi, J Peden, CHF TI Nonthermal plasma-assisted catalytic NOx reduction over Ba-Y,FAU: the effect of catalyst preparation SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE plasma-assisted NOx reduction; Na-Y; Ba-Y; ion-exchange; calcination; cation redistribution; NO2 adsorption ID ZEOLITE-Y; DEHYDRATION; DIFFRACTION AB The effects of catalyst preparation on the NOx reduction activity of a series of Ba-Y,FAU zeolites were investigated using a simulated exhaust gas mixture. The introduction of Ba2+ ions into Na-Y,FAU results in a large increase in their nonthermal plasma-assisted NOx reduction activity. The NOx reduction activities of Ba-Y,FAU catalysts were found to increase with increasing Ba2+ concentration in the aqueous ion-exchange solutions, which translated into increased Ba2+/Na+ ratios in the resulting materials. Consecutive ion-exchange procedures at a given Ba2+ concentration in the aqueous solution, however, did not improve the NOx reduction activities of Ba-Y,FAU catalysts; i.e., the activity of the four times ion-exchanged material was the same as that of the one that was ion-exchanged only once. The reaction profiles for all of these Ba-Y,FAU catalysts were the same. In contrast, a significant increase in NOx reduction activity was observed when a 773 K calcination step was implemented after each solution ion exchange. The reaction profile was also altered as a result of the ion-exchange/calci nation cycles. Calcination that followed each ion-exchange step seems to further increase the Ba2+/Na+ ratio in the zeolite, and in turn increases the NOx reduction activities of the catalysts prepared this way. Key differences in Na- and Ba-Y,FAU catalysts were found in NO2 adsorption and TPD experiments. The amount of chemisorbed NO2 is about twice as high in Ba-Y,FAU than in Na-Y,FAU, and Ba-Y,FAU holds NOx much stronger than Na-Y,FAU. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 9 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 220 IS 2 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2003.08.007 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 747RE UT WOS:000186817800005 ER PT J AU Gracia, FJ Bollmann, L Wolf, EE Miller, JT Kropf, AJ AF Gracia, FJ Bollmann, L Wolf, EE Miller, JT Kropf, AJ TI In situ FTIR, EXAFS, and activity studies of the effect of crystallite size on silica-supported Pt oxidation catalysts SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE particle size effect; Pt/silica; CO oxidation; EXAFS; IR of adsorbed CO ID CARBON-MONOXIDE OXIDATION; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CO-NO REACTIONS; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; PALLADIUM CATALYSTS; PD/AL2O3 CATALYSTS; MODEL CATALYSTS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; METAL-CLUSTERS AB The effect of crystallite size on the activity of silica-supported Pt catalysts during CO oxidation has been investigated by kinetic studies and in situ infrared (IR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies. Catalysts containing 2% w/w Pt on silica were prepared by two different methods, rendering catalysts with dispersion values ranging between 0.29 and 0.80. Kinetic results indicate that the turnover frequency (TOF) of CO oxidation increases with increasing particle size under O(2)-rich conditions, confirming that the CO oxidation reaction over Pt/SiO(2) catalysts is structure sensitive under an oxidizing environment. This characteristic is not only related to the gas phase surrounding the supported catalyst but also to the crystallite size range analyzed. EXAFS results show the formation of completely metallic Pt particles upon reduction in H(2) at 300 degreesC for I h regardless of the particle size, whereas after a subsequent oxidation pretreatment only the smallest particles are fully oxidized. At room temperature, the oxidized Pt surface does not adsorb CO, but under oxidizing conditions (1% CO, 10% O(2) in He) the oxidized catalysts show activity at T > 100 degreesC. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that even this low CO concentration leads to reduction of the oxidized surface under reaction conditions. The results presented here clearly show that the active surface Of Pt/SiO(2) catalysts during CO oxidation is the metallic Pt, and that different sites on a Pt crystallite have different oxidation rates depending on its size. These results show the sensitivity of CO oxidation activity to the preparation method, pretreatment, and most significantly to the reaction atmosphere. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. BP Res Ctr, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wolf, EE (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM Eduardo.E.Wolf.1@nd.edu RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Gracia, Francisco/I-2145-2013 OI Gracia, Francisco/0000-0001-5266-3234 NR 52 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 220 IS 2 BP 382 EP 391 DI 10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00296-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 747RE UT WOS:000186817800014 ER PT J AU Densmore, JD Larsen, EW AF Densmore, JD Larsen, EW TI Variational variance reduction for particle transport eigenvalue calculations using Monte Carlo adjoint simulation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE variance reduction; Monte Carlo; criticality; variational methods; adjoint simulation ID IMPORTANCE FUNCTION TRANSFORM; NEUTRON-TRANSPORT; BIASES AB The Variational Variance Reduction (VVR) method is an effective technique for increasing the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations [Ann. Nucl. Energy 28 (2001) 457; Nucl. Sci. Eng., in press]. This method uses a variational functional, which employs first-order estimates of forward and adjoint fluxes, to yield a second-order estimate of a desired system characteristic - which, in this paper, is the criticality eigenvalue k. If Monte Carlo estimates of the forward and adjoint fluxes are used, each having global "first-order" errors of O(1/rootN), where N is the number of histories used in the Monte Carlo simulation, then the statistical error in the VVR estimation of k will in principle be O(1/N). In this paper, we develop this theoretical possibility and demonstrate with numerical examples that implementations of the VVR method for criticality problems can approximate O(1/N) convergence for significantly large values of N. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Densmore, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 192 IS 2 BP 387 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.07.007 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 747ZX UT WOS:000186838000002 ER PT J AU Lynch, VE Carreras, BA Del-Castillo-Negrete, D Ferreira-Mejias, KM Hicks, HR AF Lynch, VE Carreras, BA Del-Castillo-Negrete, D Ferreira-Mejias, KM Hicks, HR TI Numerical methods for the solution of partial differential equations of fractional order SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fractional derivatives; partial differential equations; anomalous diffusion; plasma transport ID ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT AB Anomalous diffusion is a possible mechanism underlying plasma transport in magnetically confined plasmas. To model this transport mechanism, fractional order space derivative operators can be used. Here, the numerical properties of partial differential equations of fractional order alpha, 1 less than or equal to alpha less than or equal to 2, are studied. Two numerical schemes, an explicit and a semi-implicit one, are used in solving these equations. Two different discretization methods of the fractional derivative operator have also been used. The accuracy and stability of these methods are investigated for several standard types of problems involving partial differential equations of fractional order. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lynchve@ornl.gov RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012; OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636; del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X NR 18 TC 119 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 192 IS 2 BP 406 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j,jcp.2003.07.008 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 747ZX UT WOS:000186838000003 ER PT J AU Cameron, C AF Cameron, C TI Relative efficiency of Gaussian stochastic process sampling procedures SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD AB Various methods for sampling stationary, Gaussian stochastic processes are investigated and compared with an emphasis on applications to processes with power law energy spectra. Several approaches are considered, including a Riemann summation using left endpoints, the use of random wave numbers to sample a the spectrum in proportion to the energy it contains, and a combination of the two. The Fourier-wavelet method of Elliott et al. is investigated and compared with other methods, all of which are evaluated in terms of their ability to sample the stochastic process over a large number of decades for a given computational cost. The Fourier-wavelet method has accuracy which increases linearly with the computational complexity, while the accuracy of the other methods grows logarithmically. For the Kolmogorov spectrum, a hybrid quadrature method is as efficient as the Fourier-wavelet method, if no more than eight decades of accuracy are required. The effectiveness of this hybrid method wanes when one samples fields whose energy spectrum decays more rapidly near the origin. The Fourier-wavelet method has roughly the same behavior independently of the exponent of the power law. The Fourier-wavelet method returns samples which are Gaussian over the range of values where the structure function is well approximated. By contrast, (multi-point) Gaussianity may be lost at the smaller length scales when one uses methods with random wave numbers. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Appl Math Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cameron, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Appl Math Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 192 IS 2 BP 546 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.07.012 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 747ZX UT WOS:000186838000009 ER PT J AU El-Azab, A Garnich, M Kapoor, A AF El-Azab, A Garnich, M Kapoor, A TI Modeling of the electromagnetic forming of sheet metals: state-of-the-art and future needs SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic forming; material form of Maxwell's equations; electro-magneto-plasticity; sheet metal forming ID PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS; ELEMENT; FORMULATION; CONDUCTORS AB The electromagnetic forming (EMF) process relies on a driving force that is induced by eddy current and magnetic field, both of which are generated in the workpiece by a transient current in a nearby coil. The high deformation rates achievable using this forming method enhances the formability of materials such as aluminum. Also, the dynamics of contact with the forming die can eliminate springback, an undesired effect that can be problematic in other forming techniques such as stamping. The advancement of the EMF technology is currently awaiting rigorous numerical modeling capabilities that can adequately simulate the forming process and be used to design the forming system. Such capabilities must be based on physical models that address the strong coupling between the electromagnetic, deformation and thermal response of the deforming workpiece and other system structure. In this paper, a brief exposition of the EMF method and its applications and a review of the existing models are given. In addition, a mathematical framework, which can be further developed numerically for the purpose of process simulation, is outlined. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges to advancing the EMF technology. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP El-Azab, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blv,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 142 IS 3 BP 744 EP 754 DI 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00615-0 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 750KV UT WOS:000186990600021 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Ma, YM Fowler, JS Zhu, W Maynard, L Telang, F Vaska, P Ding, YS Wong, C Swanson, JM AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Ma, YM Fowler, JS Zhu, W Maynard, L Telang, F Vaska, P Ding, YS Wong, C Swanson, JM TI Expectation enhances the regional brain metabolic and the reinforcing effects of stimulants in cocaine abusers SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE imaging; cerebellum; FDG; addiction; context; dopamine; reinforcement; conditioned responses ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; BASAL GANGLIA; DOPAMINE CONCENTRATIONS; THREO-METHYLPHENIDATE; CEREBELLAR VERMIS; PRIMATE; REWARD; HUMANS; CORTEX AB The reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse result from the complex interaction between pharmacological effects and conditioned responses. Here we evaluate how expectation affects the response to the stimulant drug methylphenidate in 25 cocaine abusers. The effects of methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) on brain glucose metabolism ( measured by [F-18] deoxyglucose - positron emission tomography) and on its reinforcing effects (self-reports of drug effects) were evaluated in four conditions: ( 1) expecting placebo and receiving placebo; ( 2) expecting placebo and receiving methylphenidate; ( 3) expecting methylphenidate and receiving methylphenidate; ( 4) expecting methylphenidate and receiving placebo. Methylphenidate increased brain glucose metabolism, and the largest changes were in cerebellum, occipital cortex, and thalamus. The increases in metabolism were similar to 50% larger when methylphenidate was expected than when it was not, and these differences were significant in cerebellum ( vermis) and thalamus. In contrast, unexpected methylphenidate induced greater increases in left lateral orbitofrontal cortex than when it was expected. Methylphenidate-induced increases in self-reports of "high" were also similar to 50% greater when subjects expected to receive it than when they did not and were significantly correlated with the metabolic increases in thalamus but not in cerebellum. These findings provide evidence that expectation amplifies the effects of methylphenidate in brain and its reinforcing effects. They also suggest that the thalamus, a region involved with conditioned responses, may mediate the enhancement of the reinforcing effects of methylphenidate by expectation and that the orbitofrontal cortex mediates the response to unexpected reinforcement. The enhanced cerebellar activation with expectation may reflect conditioned responses that are not linked to conscious responses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Child Dev Ctr, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 5274, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 7092-01, DA00280] NR 50 TC 178 Z9 180 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 23 IS 36 BP 11461 EP 11468 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 753LL UT WOS:000187232800021 PM 14673011 ER PT J AU Henderson, MA White, JM Uetsuka, H Onishi, H AF Henderson, MA White, JM Uetsuka, H Onishi, H TI Photochemical charge transfer and trapping at the interface between an organic adlayer and an oxide semiconductor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TIO2(110) SURFACE; KOLBE REACTION; OXYGEN; PHOTOCATALYSIS; ADATOMS; X-1); O-2 C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial Chem & Engn Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Kanagawa Acad Sci & Technol, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2130012, Japan. RP Henderson, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial Chem & Engn Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma.henderson@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 49 BP 14974 EP 14975 DI 10.1021/ja037764+ PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 750QE UT WOS:000187007400011 PM 14653717 ER PT J AU Mozharivskyj, Y Choe, W Pecharsky, AO Miller, GJ AF Mozharivskyj, Y Choe, W Pecharsky, AO Miller, GJ TI Phase transformation driven by valence electron concentration: Tuning interslab bond distances in Gd5GaxGe4-x SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING TRANSITIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURE DEPENDENCE; LANDAU THEORY; SYSTEM; GD-5(SI2GE2); TEMPERATURE; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); GD5SI4-GD5GE4 AB X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction studies on the Gd5GaxGe4-x system with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 2.2 reveal dependence of interslab T-T dimer distances and crystal structures themselves on valence electron concentration (T is a mixture of Ga and Ge atoms). While the Gd5GaxGe4-x phases with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.6 and valence electron concentration of 30.4-31 e(-)/formula crystallize with the Sm5Ge4-type structure, in which all interslab T-T dimers are broken (distances exceeding 3.4 Angstrom), the phases with 1 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 2.2 and valence electron concentration of 28.8-30 e-/formula adopt the Pu5Rh4- or Gd5Si4-type structures with T-T dimers between the slabs. An orthorhombic Pu5Rh4-type structure, which is intermediate between the Gd5Si4- and Sm5Ge4-type structures, has been identified for the Gd5GaGe3 composition. Tight-binding linear-muffin-tin-orbital calculations show that substitution of three-valent Ga by four-valent Ge leads to larger population of the antibonding states within the dimers and, thus, to dimer stretching and eventually to dimer cleavage. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gmiller@iastate.edu RI Choe, Wonyoung/H-8495-2012 OI Choe, Wonyoung/0000-0003-0957-1187 NR 41 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 49 BP 15183 EP 15190 DI 10.1021/ja037649z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 750QE UT WOS:000187007400047 PM 14653753 ER PT J AU Reboredo, FA Schwegler, E Galli, G AF Reboredo, FA Schwegler, E Galli, G TI Optically activated functionalization reactions in Si quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACE; GAPS; CONFINEMENT; EXCHANGE AB Using ab initio calculations, we have studied the influence of optical activation on functionalization reactions of silicon quantum dots with unsaturated hydrocarbons. We find that the energy barrier for the replacement of silicon-hydrogen with silicon-carbon bonds is dramatically reduced if the silicon dot is optically excited. These results provide an explanation for recent experiments on optically excited porous silicon. In addition, our calculations point at the existence of an intermediate spin-polarized state formed by the dot and an alkene or alkyne, upon relaxation after absorbing a photon. This state could be detected experimentally, by, for example, electron spin resonance measurements. Based on the results of our calculations as a function of the dot size, varied from 0.8 to 1.5 nm, we propose that light activated reactions could be used to functionalize and size select silicon quantum dots at the same time. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94588 USA. RP Reboredo, FA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94588 USA. RI Reboredo, Fernando/B-8391-2009; Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 49 BP 15243 EP 15249 DI 10.1021/ja035254+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 750QE UT WOS:000187007400053 PM 14653759 ER PT J AU Keutsch, FN Goldman, N Harker, HA Leforestier, C Saykally, RJ AF Keutsch, FN Goldman, N Harker, HA Leforestier, C Saykally, RJ TI Complete characterization of the water dimer vibrational ground state and testing the VRT(ASP-W)III, SAPT-5st, and VRT(MCY-5f) surfaces SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED 6-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS; TERAHERTZ LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATION TUNNELING SPECTRUM; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; BEAM ELECTRIC RESONANCE; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; HYDROGEN-BOND; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; INTERMOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; HYDRATED COMPLEXES AB We report the observation of extensive a- and c-type rotation-tunnelling (RT) spectra of (H2O)(2) for K-a =0-3, and (D2O)(2) for K-a =0-4. These data allow a detailed characterization of the vibrational ground state to energies comparable to those of the low-lying (70-80 cm -1 ) intermolecular vibrations. We present a comparison of the experimentally determined molecular constants and tunnelling splittings with those calculated on the VRT(ASP-W)III, SAPT-5st, and VRT(MCY-5f) intermolecular potential energy surfaces. The SAPT-5st potential reproduces the vibrational ground state properties of the water dimer very well. The VRT(MCY-5f) and especially the VRT(ASP-W)III potentials show larger disagreements, in particular for the bifurcation tunnelling splitting. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Struct & Dynam Syst Mol & Solides, UMR 5636, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saykally@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Keutsch, Frank/B-2391-2012 NR 47 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 23-24 BP 3477 EP 3492 DI 10.1080/00268970310001636486 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 800TC UT WOS:000220049600011 ER PT J AU Goodner, DM Marasco, DL Escuadro, AA Cao, L Tinkham, BP Bedzyk, MJ AF Goodner, DM Marasco, DL Escuadro, AA Cao, L Tinkham, BP Bedzyk, MJ TI X-ray standing wave study of the Sr/Si(001)-(2 x 3) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; low index single crystal surfaces; alkaline earth metals; silicon; molecular beam epitaxy; X-ray standing waves; low energy electron diffraction (LEED) ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(100) SURFACE; BA ADSORPTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SR ADSORPTION; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; OXIDES; INTERFACE; PHASE AB Sub-monolayer surface phases of Sr on Si(0 0 1) have been studied with low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and X-ray standing waves (XSW). A (3 x 1) phase was observed after depositing 0.6-0.8 ML Sr on room-temperature Si(0 0 1). Annealing at 750-800degreesC caused a portion of the Sr to desorb and resulted in a sharp (2 x 3) LEED pattern. Normal Si(0 0 4) and off-normal Si(0 2 2) and Si(1 11) XSW measurements made on the (2 x 3) phase indicate that Sr atoms must sit at either cave or bridge sites. The XSW results also suggest that if a sufficiently low anneal temperature is used. the (2 x 3) phase co-exists with short-range ordered regions of Sr atoms located at valley-bridge sites. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bedzyk, MJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, 2220 N Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 547 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.09.031 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 747MA UT WOS:000186807200008 ER PT J AU Rose, MK Borg, A Dunphy, JC Mitsui, T Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Rose, MK Borg, A Dunphy, JC Mitsui, T Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI Chemisorption and dissociation of O-2 on Pd(111) studied by STM SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; chemisorption; oxygen; palladium ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; OXYGEN; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; PRECURSOR; ELECTRONS; PT(111); STATES; STRAIN AB The adsorption and dissociation of O-2 on Pd(1 1 1) at low coverage was studied in a variable temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in the range from 25 to 210 K. Below 60 K the diffusion rate is negligible and individual molecules appear as slightly elongated 5 pm protrusions surrounded by 10 pm depressions at low bias voltage (less than or equal to 200 mV). The molecules predominantly appear in three distinct orientations and closely resemble the peroxide species observed on Pt(1 1 1). A small fraction of the molecules occupy a second binding configuration at 25 K, appearing similar to the dominant species but with opposite orientations. No molecules resembling the superoxide precursor state on Pt(1 1 1) were observed. Both thermal activation and interaction with the STM tip induce rotation between the three orientations of each molecule, as well as displacement to adjacent sites and conversion between the two binding geometries. The molecules order in p(2 x 2) clusters, which grow in size upon annealing to 100 K. Rotational disorder is observed within the islands below 60 K, but not at higher temperature due to rapid rotation. Near 120 K, thermal O-2 dissociation occurs primarily at the periphery of islands and at active sites associated with impurities beneath the Pd surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 547 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.08.057 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 747MA UT WOS:000186807200021 ER PT J AU Tebbs, RS Thompson, LH Cleaver, JE AF Tebbs, RS Thompson, LH Cleaver, JE TI Rescue of Xrcc1 knockout mouse embryo lethality by transgene-complementation SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE XRCC1; base excision repair; single-strand break repair; transgenic mice; knockout mice; transgene-complementation ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; DNA-POLYMERASE-BETA; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; LIGASE-III; GENE XRCC1; DAMAGING AGENTS; PROTEIN XRCC1; CELL-LINES AB Xrcc1 knockout embryos show increased DNA breakage and apoptosis in tissues of the embryo proper prior to death at embryonic day E6.5. An additional deficiency in Trp53 allows Xrcc1(-/-) embryos to enlarge slightly and initiate gastrulation although ultimately death is delayed by less than 24 h. Death presumably results from DNA damage that reaches toxic levels in the post-implantation mouse embryo. To investigate the level of XRCC1 protein needed for successful mouse development, we derived Xrcc1 transgene-complemented Xrcc1(-/-) mice that express Xrcc1 within the normal range or at a greatly reduced level (<10% normal). The greatly reduced XRCC1 protein level destabilized the XRCC1 partner protein DNA ligase III (LIG3) but still allowed for successful mouse development and healthy, fertile adults. Fibroblasts from these animals exhibited almost normal alkylation sensitivity measured by differential cytotoxicity. Thus, a large reduction of both XRCC1 and DNA ligase III has no observable effect on mouse embryogenesis and post-natal development, and no significant effect on cellular sensitivity to DNA alkylation. The presence of XRCC1, even at reduced levels of expression, is therefore capable of supporting mouse development and DNA repair. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, UC Canc Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tebbs, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD DEC 9 PY 2003 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1405 EP 1417 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2003.08.007 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 753DA UT WOS:000187215600009 PM 14642568 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Wang, XN Ma, YM Rao, ML Glimm, J Kovach, JS AF Zhu, W Wang, XN Ma, YM Rao, ML Glimm, J Kovach, JS TI Detection of cancer-specific markers amid massive mass spectral data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE discriminant analysis; random field; resampling; statgram ID OVARIAN-CANCER; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; PROTEOMICS; PATTERNS; TUMORS; SERUM AB We propose a comprehensive pattern recognition procedure that will achieve best discrimination between two or more sets of subjects with data in the same coordinate system. Applying the procedure to MS data of proteomic analysis of serum from ovarian cancer patients and serum from cancer-free individuals in the Food and Drug Administration/National Cancer Institute Clinical Proteomics Database, we have achieved perfect discrimination (100% sensitivity, 100% specificity) of patients with ovarian cancer, including early-stage disease, from normal controls for two independent sets of data. Our procedure identifies the best subset of proteomic biomarkers for optimal discrimination between the groups and appears to have higher discriminatory power than other methods reported to date. For large-scale screening for diseases of relatively low prevalence such as ovarian cancer, almost perfect specificity and sensitivity of the detection system is critical to avoid unmanageably high numbers of false-positive cases. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Long Isl Canc Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, W (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 24 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 25 BP 14666 EP 14671 DI 10.1073/pnas.2532248100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 753JA UT WOS:000187227200014 PM 14657331 ER PT J AU Weninger, K Bowen, ME Chu, S Brunger, AT AF Weninger, K Bowen, ME Chu, S Brunger, AT TI Single-molecule studies of SNARE complex assembly reveal parallel and antiparallel configurations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VESICLE-MEMBRANE-FUSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SYNAPTIC EXOCYTOSIS; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; SYNTAXIN 1A; SYNAPTOBREVIN; SPECIFICITY; SPECTROSCOPY; NEUROTOXINS AB Vesicle fusion in eukaryotes is thought to involve the assembly of a highly conserved family of proteins termed soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) into a highly stable parallel four-helix bundle. We have used intermolecular single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer to characterize preassembled neuronal SNARE complexes consisting of syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa on deposited lipid bilayers. Surprisingly, we found a mixture of parallel as well as antiparallel configurations involving the SNARE motifs of syntaxin and synaptobrevin as well as those of syntaxin and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa. The subpopulation with the parallel four-helix bundle configuration could be greatly enriched by an additional purification step in the presence of denaturant, indicating that the parallel configuration is the energetically most favorable state. Interconversion between the configurations was not observed. From this observation, we infer the conversion rate to be <1.5 h(-1). The existence of antiparallel configurations suggests a regulatory role of chaperones, such as N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, or the membrane environment during SNARE complex assembly in vivo, and it could be a partial explanation for the relatively slow rates of vesicle fusion observed by reconstituted fusion experiments in vitro. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chu, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OI Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036 FU NIMH NIH HHS [1-R01-MH63105-01, R01 MH063105] NR 43 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 25 BP 14800 EP 14805 DI 10.1073/pnas.2036428100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 753JA UT WOS:000187227200037 PM 14657376 ER PT J AU Anderson, PM Bingert, JF Misra, A Hirth, JP AF Anderson, PM Bingert, JF Misra, A Hirth, JP TI Rolling textures in nanoscale Cu/Nb multilayers SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE rolling; multilayer thin films; nanocornposite; texture ID METALLIC MULTILAYERS; POLE FIGURES; DEFORMATION; CU; COMPOSITES; MECHANISMS; FILMS AB Rolling textures in nanoscale multilayered thin films are found to differ markedly from textures observed in bulk materials. Multilayered thin films consisting of alternating Cu and Nb layers with columnar grains were produced by magnetron sputtering, with individual layer thickness ranging from 4 mum to 75 nm and Cu/Nb interfaces locally satisfying the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) orientation relations. After rolling to 80% effective strain, samples with a larger initial layer thickness develop a bulk rolling texture while those with a smaller initial layer thickness display co-rotation of Cu and Nb columnar grains about the interface normal, in order to preserve the K-S orientation relations. The resulting K-S texture has <001>Nb parallel to and <110>Cu approximately 5degrees from the rolling direction. A crystal plasticity model based on the Principle of Minimum Shear captures the K-S texture approximately and suggests that Nb drags Cu along in the rotation process. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Anderson, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Anderson, Peter/J-8315-2014 NR 24 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 20 BP 6059 EP 6075 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00428-2 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 753ET UT WOS:000187219700004 ER PT J AU Bei, H George, EP Kenik, EA Pharr, GM AF Bei, H George, EP Kenik, EA Pharr, GM TI Directional solidification and microstructures of near-eutectic Cr-Cr3Si alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE transition metal silicide; directional solidification; eutectic solidification; microstructure; in situ composite ID LAMELLAR MICROSTRUCTURES; FORCED-CONVECTION; GROWTH; COMPOSITES; MELT AB Near-eutectic Cr-Cr3Si alloys were directionally solidified in a high-temperature optical floating zone furnace. At the eutectic composition, uniform and well-aligned lamellar structures were obtained over a fairly wide range of solidification conditions, but not at very low or very high growth rates where degenerate and cellular structures, respectively, were obtained. The lamellar spacing was found to increase with decreasing solidification rate, in agreement with the Jackson-Hunt theory. In addition, for a fixed growth rate, the lamellar spacing was found to increase with increasing rotation rate. The growth directions in the lamellar eutectic are found to be <1 0 0> for the Cr3Si phase and <1 1 1> for the Cr solid-solution phase. Eutectic microstructures (rod or lamellar) could also be produced at off-eutectic compositions, but only for a limited range of growth conditions. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Doughgherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM georgeep@oml.gov RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 37 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 20 BP 6241 EP 6252 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00447-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 753ET UT WOS:000187219700019 ER PT J AU Choi, WJ Lee, TY Tu, KN Tamura, N Celestre, RS MacDowell, AA Bong, YY Nguyen, L AF Choi, WJ Lee, TY Tu, KN Tamura, N Celestre, RS MacDowell, AA Bong, YY Nguyen, L TI Tin whiskers studied by synchrotron radiation scanning X-ray micro-diffraction SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE tin whisker; Pb-free solder; X-ray micro-diffractions; stress gradient; grain orientation ID SPONTANEOUS GROWTH; FILMS AB A large number of Sn whiskers have been found on the Pb-free solder finish on leadframes used in consumer electronic products. Some of the whiskers on eutectic SnCu finishes are long enough to short the neighboring legs of the leadframe. Tin whisker growth is known to be a stress relief phenomenon. We have performed synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-diffraction analysis to measure the local stress level, the orientation of the grains in the finish around a whisker, and the growth direction of whiskers. The compressive stress in the solder finish is quite low, less than 10 MPa; nevertheless, there exists a stress gradient around the root of a whisker. From the orientation map and pole figure, we found that the growth direction of whiskers is [0 0 1] and there exists a preferred orientation of [3 2 1] grains on the solder finish. In one of the whisker analyzed, we found that the normal orientation of the grain just below the whisker is different; it is [2 1 0]. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. RP Choi, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 6532 Boelter Hall,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012 NR 16 TC 127 Z9 135 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 20 BP 6253 EP 6261 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00448-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 753ET UT WOS:000187219700020 ER PT J AU Yuan, R Kruzic, JJ Zhang, XF De Jonghe, LC Ritchie, RO AF Yuan, R Kruzic, JJ Zhang, XF De Jonghe, LC Ritchie, RO TI Ambient to high-temperature fracture toughness and cyclic fatigue behavior in Al-containing silicon carbide ceramics SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ceramics; mechanical properties (fracture, fatigue, toughness) ID B-C ADDITIONS; CRACK-GROWTH; RESISTANCE MECHANISM; CURVE BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH; ALUMINA; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; NITRIDE; CREEP AB A series of in situ toughened, Al, B and C containing, silicon carbide ceramics (ABC-SiC) has been examined with At contents varying from 3 to 7 wt.%. With increasing Al additions, the grain morphology in the as-processed microstructures varied from elongated to bimodal to equiaxed, with a change in the nature of the grain-boundary film from amorphous to partially crystalline to fully crystalline. Fracture toughness and cyclic fatigue tests on these microstructures revealed that although the 7 wt.% Al containing material (7ABC) was extremely brittle, the 3 and particularly 5 wt.% Al materials (3ABC and 5ABC, respectively) displayed excellent crack-growth resistance at both ambient (25 degreesC) and elevated (1300 degreesC) temperatures. Indeed, no evidence of creep damage, in the form of grain-boundary cavitation, was seen at temperatures at 1300 degreesC or below. The enhanced toughness of the higher Al-containing materials was associated with extensive crack bridging from both interlocking grains (in 3ABC) and uncracked ligaments (in 5ABC); in contrast, the 7ABC SiC showed no such bridging, concomitant with a marked reduction in the volume fraction of elongated grains. Mechanistically, cyclic fatigue-crack growth in 3ABC and 5ABC SiC involved the progressive degradation of such bridging ligaments in the crack wake, with the difference in the degree of elastic vs. frictional bridging affecting the slope, i.e. Paris law exponent, of the crack-growth curve. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 20 BP 6477 EP 6491 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.08.038 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 753ET UT WOS:000187219700040 ER PT J AU Romero, MJ Jones, KM AbuShama, J Yan, Y Al-Jassim, MM Noufi, R AF Romero, MJ Jones, KM AbuShama, J Yan, Y Al-Jassim, MM Noufi, R TI Surface-layer band gap widening in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; HETEROJUNCTION; RECOMBINATION; EFFICIENCY AB Transmission electron microscopy observations, cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and spectrum imaging are combined to investigate the emission spectrum in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) thin films with improved spatial resolution. We report direct evidence for a surface layer of wider band gap, which forms spontaneously in CIGS films. The existence of such a surface layer is critical for attaining high efficiency in solar cells based on these chalcopyrite semiconductor compounds. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 23 BP 4731 EP 4733 DI 10.1063/1.1631396 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AY UT WOS:000186970200015 ER PT J AU Patten, J Fesperman, R Kumar, S McSpadden, S Qu, J Lance, M Nemanich, R Huening, J AF Patten, J Fesperman, R Kumar, S McSpadden, S Qu, J Lance, M Nemanich, R Huening, J TI High-pressure phase transformation of silicon nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; BETA-SI3N4; CARBIDE; DIAMOND AB We provide evidence for a high-pressure phase transformation (HPPT) in the ceramic material silicon nitride. This HPPT is inferred by a high-pressure diamond anvil cell, Raman spectroscopy, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and optical and acoustic microscope inspection. In the case of silicon nitride, the HPPT involves a ductile or metallike behavior that is observed in severe deformation processes, such as nanoindentation and micromachining. This pressure-induced plasticity is believed to be similar to that found in silicon and germanium with its origin in the high-pressure metallic beta-Sn phase formation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Patten, J (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 23 BP 4740 EP 4742 DI 10.1063/1.1632031 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AY UT WOS:000186970200018 ER PT J AU Romero, MJ Ramanathan, K Contreras, MA Al-Jassim, MM Noufi, R Sheldon, P AF Romero, MJ Ramanathan, K Contreras, MA Al-Jassim, MM Noufi, R Sheldon, P TI Cathodoluminescence of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films used in high-efficiency solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; CUINSE2; CUIN(GA)SE-2; PAIRS AB Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and spectrum imaging are employed to investigate Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) thin films used in high-efficiency solar cells. We have found a nonuniform spatial distribution for the photon energy. The shift by decade of the emission spectrum is also found to depend systematically on the location of excitation. In addition, the photon energy at grain boundaries is not affected by the external excitation. A model for radiative recombination to be applied to these chalcopyrite compounds should explain these results, and some suggestions are considered. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 23 BP 4770 EP 4772 DI 10.1063/1.1631083 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AY UT WOS:000186970200028 ER PT J AU Butko, VY Chi, X Lang, DV Ramirez, AP AF Butko, VY Chi, X Lang, DV Ramirez, AP TI Field-effect transistor on pentacene single crystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MOBILITY; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB We report on the fabrication and characterization of field-effect transistors (FETs) on single-crystal pentacene. These FETs exhibit hole conductivity with room-temperature effective mobility (mu(eff)) up to 0.30 cm(2)/V s and on/off ratios up to 5x10(6). A negative gate voltage of -50 V significantly decreases the activation energy (E-a) down to 0.143 eV near room temperature. Using this value of E-a and a simple model, we find the number of free carriers is only similar to0.4% of the total number of injected carriers. Along with mu(eff)similar to0.3 cm(2)/V s, this places the intrinsic mobility in the range of tens of cm(2)/V s. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Butko, VY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 19 TC 184 Z9 186 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 23 BP 4773 EP 4775 DI 10.1063/1.1631736 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AY UT WOS:000186970200029 ER PT J AU Follstaedt, DM Missert, NA Koleske, DD Mitchell, CC Cross, KC AF Follstaedt, DM Missert, NA Koleske, DD Mitchell, CC Cross, KC TI Plan-view image contrast of dislocations in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; DENSITY GAN; EPITAXY; GROWTH; CENTERS AB We demonstrate that when vertical threading dislocations in (0001) GaN are imaged in plan-view by transmission electron microscopy, a surface-relaxation contrast operates in addition to that due to the strain fields of dislocations passing through the specimen. We show that all three dislocation types (edge, screw, and mixed) can be detected in the same image using g=(11 (2) over bar0) and 18degrees specimen tilt from [0001], allowing total densities to be assessed properly. The type of an individual dislocation can also be readily identified. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Follstaedt, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 23 BP 4797 EP 4799 DI 10.1063/1.1632540 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AY UT WOS:000186970200037 ER PT J AU Lim, D Averitt, RD Demsar, J Taylor, AJ Hur, N Cheong, SW AF Lim, D Averitt, RD Demsar, J Taylor, AJ Hur, N Cheong, SW TI Coherent acoustic phonons in hexagonal manganite LuMnO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PICOSECOND LIGHT-PULSES; GENERATION; SUPERLATTICES; OSCILLATIONS; EXCITATION AB We have observed coherent acoustic phonons in the hexagonal manganite LuMnO3 using two-color femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy. The dependence of the oscillatory component of the photoinduced reflectivity on the probe wavelength and incident angle is consistent with a propagating strain pulse. Moreover, the frequency, dephasing, and phase of the oscillation are found to be temperature dependent. In particular, a large phase shift occurs in the vicinity of the Neel temperature (T-N), which we relate to the temperature-dependent on-site Mn d-d transition that is coupled to antiferromagnetic ordering, as recently observed in optical conductivity measurements. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Lim, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 23 BP 4800 EP 4802 DI 10.1063/1.1630847 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AY UT WOS:000186970200038 ER PT J AU Bennett, DJ Khusid, B James, CD Galambos, PC Okandan, M Jacqmin, D Acrivos, A AF Bennett, DJ Khusid, B James, CD Galambos, PC Okandan, M Jacqmin, D Acrivos, A TI Combined field-induced dielectrophoresis and phase separation for manipulating particles in microfluidics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; POSITIVE DIELECTROPHORESIS; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; INDUCED AGGREGATION AB Experiments were conducted in microfluidics equipped with dielectrophoretic gates arranged perpendicular to the flow. Under the action of a high-gradient ac field and shear, flowing suspensions were found to undergo a phase separation and to form a distinct front between the regions enriched with and depleted of particles. We demonstrate that this many-body phenomenon, which originates from interparticle electrical interactions, provides a method for concentrating particles in focused regions and for separating biological and nonbiological materials. The evolution of the particle patterns formation is well described by a proposed electrohydrodynamic model. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Bennett, DJ (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Univ Hts, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. OI Khusid, Boris/0000-0002-8604-1051 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 23 BP 4866 EP 4868 DI 10.1063/1.1629789 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AY UT WOS:000186970200060 ER PT J AU Antal, TK Krendeleva, TE Laurinavichene, TV Makarova, VV Ghirardi, ML Rubin, AB Tsygankov, AA Seibert, M AF Antal, TK Krendeleva, TE Laurinavichene, TV Makarova, VV Ghirardi, ML Rubin, AB Tsygankov, AA Seibert, M TI The dependence of algal H-2 production on Photosystem II and O-2 consumption activities in sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; photosystem II; O-2 consumption ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; OXYGEN EVOLUTION; GREEN-ALGA; CHLORORESPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INACTIVATION; OXIDASE AB Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures, deprived of inorganic sulfur, undergo dramatic changes during adaptation to the nutrient stress [Biotechnol. Bioeng. 78 (2002) 73 1]. When the capacity for Photosystem II (PSII) O-2 evolution decreases below that of respiration, the culture becomes anaerobic [Plant Physiol. 122 (2000) 127]. We demonstrate that (a) the photochemical activity of PSII, monitored by in situ fluorescence, also decreases slowly during the aerobic period; (b) at the exact time of anaerobiosis, the remaining PSII activity is rapidly down regulated; and (c) electron transfer from PSII to PSI abruptly decreases at that point. Shortly thereafter, the PSII photochemical activity is partially restored, and H-2 production starts. Hydrogen production, which lasts for 3-4 days, is catalyzed by an anaerobically induced, reversible hydrogenase. While most of the reductants used directly for H-2 gas photoproduction come from water, the remaining electrons must come from endogenous substrate degradation through the NAD(P)H plastoquinone (PQ) oxido-reductase pathway. We propose that the induced hydrogenase activity provides a sink for electrons in the absence of other alternative pathways, and its operation allows the partial oxidation of intermediate photosynthetic carriers, including the PQ pool, between PSII and PSI. We conclude that the reduced state of this pool, which controls PSII photochemical activity, is one of the main factors regulating H-2 production under sulfur-deprived conditions. Residual O-2 evolved under these conditions is probably consumed mostly by the aerobic oxidation of storage products linked to mitochondrial respiratory processes involving both the cytochrome oxidase and the alternative oxidase. These functions maintain the intracellular anaerobic conditions required to keep the hydrogenase enzyme in the active, induced form. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Basic Sci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119899, Russia. RAS, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Seibert, M (reprint author), Basic Sci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Tsygankov, Anatoly/K-6541-2013 OI Tsygankov, Anatoly/0000-0003-2376-5658 NR 25 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 1607 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2003.09.008 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 753QF UT WOS:000187241500009 PM 14670605 ER PT J AU Wilson, AK Dunning, TH AF Wilson, AK Dunning, TH TI SO2 revisited: Impact of tight d augmented correlation consistent basis sets on structure and energetics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ACCURATE AB-INITIO; ATOMIZATION ENERGIES; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; POLARIZATION FUNCTIONS; CONVERGENCE; BORON; NEON; N-2 AB The total energies, atomization energies, molecular structures, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of SO2 have been determined using the newly revised correlation consistent basis sets, cc-pV(n+d)Z, with n=2-5. The impact of the additional tight d functions on the energies, structures, and frequencies as well as the convergence of these quantities to the complete basis set (CBS) limit is examined. Overall, the revised sets result in faster convergence to the CBS limit. The effect of the additional tight d function is particularly dramatic for the lower level, double zeta and triple zeta, basis sets. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilson, AK (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 22 BP 11712 EP 11714 DI 10.1063/1.1624591 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746PZ UT WOS:000186755900024 ER PT J AU Vincent, JL Luo, S Scott, BL Butcher, R Unkefer, CJ Burns, CJ Kubas, GJ Lledos, A Maseras, F Tomas, J AF Vincent, JL Luo, S Scott, BL Butcher, R Unkefer, CJ Burns, CJ Kubas, GJ Lledos, A Maseras, F Tomas, J TI Experimental and theoretical studies of bonding and oxidative addition of germanes and silanes, EH4-nPhn (E = Si, Ge; n=0-3), to Mo(CO)(diphosphine)(2). The first structurally characterized germane sigma complex SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; AB-INITIO; H BOND; DIHYDRIDE COORDINATION; POLARIZATION FUNCTIONS; MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC CONTROL; HYDRIDO STANNYL; ORBITAL METHODS AB Reaction of GeH4 and GeH3Ph with the agostic complex Mo(CO)(dppe)(2) (dppe = Ph2PC2H4PPh2) provides germane sigma complexes Mo(CO)(eta(2) -GeH4-nPhn)(dppe)(2) (n = 0, 1). The coordination in these complexes has been assigned as (eta(2) -Ge-H) on the basis of NMR and IR spectroscopy and by comparison to the analogous complexes of silanes. When the more electron-rich phosphine depe (depe = Et2PC2H4PEt2) is used, oxidative addition (OA) products MoH(GeH3)(CO)(depe)(2) and MoH(GeH2Ph)(CO)(depe)(2) are isolated (NMR and X-ray evidence). However, when the secondary organogermane GeH2Ph2 is used in the depe system, the eta(2)-complex Mo(CO)(eta(2)-GeH2Ph2)(depe)(2) is obtained. This complex was characterized by X-ray crystallography and NMR and IR spectroscopy. The Mo(CO)(eta(2)-GeH3Ph)(dppe)(2) and MO(CO)(eta(2)-GeH2Ph2)(depe)(2) complexes were found to be in tautomeric equilibrium with their OA products in solution. Structure and bonding comparisons are made to the analogous silane complexes, e.g., Mo(CO)(eta(2) -SiH2Ph2)(depe)(2), the X-ray structure for which is also reported. The Ge-H bonds undergo OA much more easily than Si-H, and to obtain further insight into the activation processes, ab initio DFT calculations have been performed on Mo(CO)(EH(4-n)vin(n))(dhpe)(2) model complexes (E = Si, Ge; n = 0-3; dhpe = H2PCH2CH2PH2; vin = CH=CH2) and also the analogous H-2 complex. Because the ease of the whole OA process is a balance between the E-H bonding energy and Mo-E bonding energy, it can be concluded that the factor that makes OA of the Ge-H bond easier than that for Si-H is the relative weakness of the Ge-H bond, despite the fact that the Mo-Ge bond is also weaker. This competition between both factors is also seen for OA of H-2, for which although the Mo-H bonding energy is much higher than Mo-Si and Mo-Ge bonding energies, the H-H bond is also significantly stronger than the Si-H and Ge-H bonds. In general, the ease of OA of molecular hydrogen is between that of germanes and silanes. Calculations show that for alkanes the OA is much more difficult because the loss of the high C-H bond energy (comparable to or greater than that for H-H) is not as well compensated for by the energy of formation of the Mo-C bond due to the weakness of the Mo-C bond. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Quim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Kubas, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Maseras, Feliu/B-1002-2008; Lledos, Agusti/I-4936-2012; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Maseras, Feliu/0000-0001-8806-2019; Lledos, Agusti/0000-0001-7909-422X; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 67 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 25 BP 5307 EP 5323 DI 10.1021/om030569j PG 17 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 750DZ UT WOS:000186977200019 ER PT J AU Berman, G Vishik, M AF Berman, G Vishik, M TI Long time evolution of quantum averages near stationary points SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE coherent states; hyperbolic point; quantum corrections ID SYSTEMS; STATES AB We construct explicit expressions for quantum averages in coherent states for a Hamiltonian of degree 4 with a hyperbolic stagnation point. These expressions are valid for all times and "collapse" (i.e., become infinite) along a discrete sequence of times. We compute quantum corrections compared to classical expressions. These corrections become significant over a time period of order C log 1/h. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Math, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vishik, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Math, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 8 PY 2003 VL 319 IS 3-4 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2003.10.038 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750DR UT WOS:000186976500020 ER PT J AU He, X DebRoy, T Fuerschbach, PW AF He, X DebRoy, T Fuerschbach, PW TI Alloying element vaporization during laser spot welding of stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL COMPOSITION CHANGE; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLUID-FLOW; SURFACE; POOL; DISSOLUTION; EXPULSION; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE; GROWTH AB Alloying element loss from the weld pool during laser spot welding of stainless steel was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experimental work involved determination of work-piece weight loss and metal vapour composition for various welding conditions. The transient temperature and velocity fields in the weld pool were numerically simulated. The vaporization rates of the alloying elements were modelled using the computed temperature profiles. The fusion zone geometry could be predicted from the transient heat transfer and fluid flow model for various welding conditions. The laser power and the pulse duration were the most important variables in determining the transient temperature profiles. The velocity of the liquid metal in the weld pool increased with time during heating and convection played an increasingly important role in the heat transfer. The peak temperature and velocity increased significantly with laser power density and pulse duration. At very high power densities, the computed temperatures were higher than the boiling point of 304 stainless steel. As a result, evaporation of alloying elements was caused by both the total pressure and the concentration gradients. The calculations showed that the vaporization occurred mainly from a small region under the laser beam where the temperatures were very high. The computed vapour loss was found to be lower than the measured mass loss because of the ejection of tiny metal droplets owing to the recoil force exerted by the metal vapours. The ejection of metal droplets has been predicted by computations and verified by experiments. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP He, X (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 NR 44 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 23 BP 3079 EP 3088 AR PII S0022-3727(03)64774-1 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/23/033 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 760PK UT WOS:000187842600033 ER PT J AU Wernick, MN Wirjadi, O Chapman, D Zhong, Z Galatsanos, NP Yang, YY Brankov, JG Oltulu, O Anastasio, MA Muehleman, C AF Wernick, MN Wirjadi, O Chapman, D Zhong, Z Galatsanos, NP Yang, YY Brankov, JG Oltulu, O Anastasio, MA Muehleman, C TI Multiple-image radiography SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONTRAST; TOMOGRAPHY; REFRACTION AB Conventional radiography produces a single image of an object by measuring the attenuation of an x-ray beam passing through it. When imaging weakly absorbing tissues, x-ray attenuation may be a suboptimal signature of disease-related information. In this paper we describe a new phase-sensitive imaging method, called multiple-image radiography (MIR), which is an improvement on a prior technique called diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI). This paper elaborates on our initial presentation of the idea in Wernick et al (2002 Proc. Int. Symp. Biomed. Imaging pp 129-32). MIR simultaneously produces several images from a set of measurements made with a single x-ray beam. Specifically, MIR yields three images depicting separately the effects of refraction, ultrasmall-angle scatter and attenuation by the object. All three images have good contrast, in part because they are virtually immune from degradation due to scatter at higher angles. MIR also yields a very comprehensive object description, consisting of the angular intensity spectrum of a transmitted x-ray beam at every image pixel, within a narrow angular range. Our experiments are based on data acquired using a synchrotron light source; however, in preparation for more practical implementations using conventional x-ray sources, we develop and evaluate algorithms designed for Poisson noise, which is characteristic of photon-limited imaging. The results suggest that MIR is capable of operating at low photon count levels, therefore the method shows promise for use with conventional x-ray sources. The results also show that, in addition to producing new types of object descriptions, MIR produces substantially more accurate images than its predecessor, DEL MIR results are shown in the form of planar images of a phantom and a biological specimen. A preliminary demonstration of the use of MIR for computed tomography is also presented. C1 IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Rush Med Coll, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Wernick, MN (reprint author), IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Brankov, Jovan/H-2242-2013; Wernick, Miles/J-8394-2013; Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013; OI Wernick, Miles/0000-0001-6736-478X; Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156; Wirjadi, Oliver/0000-0002-9518-3043 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR48292]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59395] NR 20 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD DEC 7 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 23 BP 3875 EP 3895 AR PII S0031-9155(03)65305-4 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/48/23/006 PG 21 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 757XP UT WOS:000187587000006 PM 14703164 ER PT J AU Frauenfelder, H AF Frauenfelder, H TI Science with Gunny SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Biographical-Item AB Professor I.C. Gunsalus has not only performed outstanding research for more than 60 years but also is largely responsible for a much closer interaction between physicists and biologists. In this brief paper, I sketch the story of how this interaction came about. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Frauenfelder, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 312 IS 1 BP 169 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.187 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 749KR UT WOS:000186919500029 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS Viswanathan, S AF Sabau, AS Viswanathan, S TI Material properties for predicting wax pattern dimensions in investment casting SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE wax; paste; rheology; viscoelastic; shear modulus; shift factor; investment casting; dimensions; distortion ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FORMULATION; RELAXATION; POLYMERS AB An important factor in determining tooling allowances in investment casting is the dimensional change of the wax pattern. Dimensional changes between a pattern die and its wax pattern occur as a result of complex phenomena such as thermal expansion-contraction and hot deformation (elastic, plastic, and creep). Thus, the wax pattern dimensions are determined by the wax's thermophysical and thermomechanical properties, restraint of geometrical features by the metal die, and process parameters such as die temperature, platen temperature, injection pressure, injection temperature, and dwell time. In this paper, constitutive equations of material behavior that determine dimensional changes associated with the wax system are provided. Material property measurements were conducted in this study for Cerita(TM) 29-51 wax with the aim of obtaining a complete set of data that can be used as input in computer simulation software for predicting wax pattern dimensions. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00569-0 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 749HF UT WOS:000186913300010 ER PT J AU Bonhomme, F Welk, ME Nenoff, TM AF Bonhomme, F Welk, ME Nenoff, TM TI CO2 selectivity and lifetimes of high silica ZSM-5 membranes SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE silicalite membrane; MFI zeolite; ZSM-5 zeolite; gas separation; permeation; CO2 sequestration ID PHASE TRANSPORT SYNTHESIS; ORIENTED MFI MEMBRANES; ZEOLITE MEMBRANES; SECONDARY GROWTH; SEEDED GROWTH; SEPARATION; PERMEATION; MIXTURES; FILMS; FLUX AB High silica ZSM-5 membranes have been grown on porous alpha-alumina supports via hydrothermal synthesis for CO2 sequestration from methane reforming processes. The optimized synthesis parameters for high silica ZSM-5 membranes, including gel composition and ageing, seed composition and deposition techniques, temperature, time, and membrane calcination parameters are discussed. The permeation characteristics of several membranes for gases present during methane reforming processes (H-2, CO2, O-2, CH4, N-2 and CO) were measured, as well as for the test gases He and SF6. The permeance of CO2 is higher than that of the other gases and is between two and three times higher than that of the smaller He atoms or H-2 molecules. The higher permeance of CO2 is likely due to enhanced surface diffusion. Membranes showed a decrease in CO2 permeation over time, which was partially regenerated after a heating cycle. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem & Biol Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem & Biol Technol, POB 5800,MS 0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Garcia-Sanchez, Almudena/B-3303-2009 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2003.09.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 751QD UT WOS:000187077700004 ER PT J AU Andreoiu, C Dossing, T Fahlander, C Ragnarsson, I Rudolph, D Aberg, S Austin, RAE Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Rodinger, T Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Steinhardt, T Svensson, CE Thelen, O Waddington, JC AF Andreoiu, C Dossing, T Fahlander, C Ragnarsson, I Rudolph, D Aberg, S Austin, RAE Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Rodinger, T Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Steinhardt, T Svensson, CE Thelen, O Waddington, JC TI Doorway states in the gamma decay-out of the yrast superdeformed band in Cu-59 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL BANDS; GAMMASPHERE; HG-192; NUCLEI; CHAOS AB The decay-out process of the yrast superdeformed band in Cu-59 has been investigated. The firm determination of spin, parity, excitation energy, and configuration of the states involved in this process constitutes a unique situation for a detailed understanding of the decay-out mechanism. A theoretical model is introduced that includes a residual interaction and tunneling matrix element between bands, calculated in the configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model. This interaction causes the decay to occur via a small number of observed doorway states. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Andreoiu, C (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RI Rudolph, Dirk/D-4259-2009; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Rudolph, Dirk/0000-0003-1199-3055; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 23 AR 232502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.232502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750PG UT WOS:000187004500015 PM 14683177 ER PT J AU Fullerton, EE Robertson, JL Prinsloo, ARE Alberts, HL Bader, SD AF Fullerton, EE Robertson, JL Prinsloo, ARE Alberts, HL Bader, SD TI Hysteretic spin-density-wave ordering in confined geometries SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FE/CR(001) SUPERLATTICES; CHROMIUM; CR; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; MULTILAYERS; FILMS AB We have measured the antiferromagnetic spin-density-wave (SDW) order in Cr/Cr97.5Mn2.5(001) superlattices. The Mn doping creates a high Neel temperature layer that confines the incommensurate SDW order within the Cr layers. With temperature cycling we observe a transition from commensurate to incommensurate SDW order and discrete changes in the SDW period. We find that these transitions show significant hysteresis (up to 75 K) when the number of SDW nodes within the Cr layer changes by an odd number, while there is no hysteresis for changes of an even number of nodes. This results from the competition between maintaining the spin structure at the interfaces and introducing a spin slip at the nodes of the Cr SDW. C1 Hitachi Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rand Afrikaans Univ, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Johannesburg, South Africa. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fullerton, EE (reprint author), Hitachi Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 23 AR 237201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.237201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750PG UT WOS:000187004500047 PM 14683209 ER PT J AU Olson, RE Leeper, RJ Nobile, A Oertel, JA AF Olson, RE Leeper, RJ Nobile, A Oertel, JA TI Preheat effects on shock propagation in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion ablator materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; CAPSULE DESIGN; NIF; TARGET; FABRICATION; UPDATE; OMEGA; NOVA AB The velocities and temperatures of shock waves generated by laser-driven hohlraum radiation fields have been measured for several indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion capsule ablator materials. For the first time, a time-resolved measurement of the preheat temperature ahead of the shock front has been performed and included in the analysis. It is found that preheat ahead of the shock front can cause significant shock propagation variations in the ignition capsule ablator materials being considered for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). If unaccounted for, these preheat effects could potentially preclude ignition at the NIF. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olson, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 23 AR 235002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.235002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750PG UT WOS:000187004500027 PM 14683189 ER PT J AU Webb, EB Grest, GS Heine, DR AF Webb, EB Grest, GS Heine, DR TI Precursor film controlled wetting of Pb on Cu SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; LEAD; KINETICS; DROPLET; CU(100); GROWTH; DYNAMICS; COPPER; SYSTEM AB Wetting in a system where the kinetics of drop spreading are controlled by the rate of formation of a precursor film is modeled for the first time at the atomistic scale. Molecular dynamics simulations of Pb(l) wetting Cu(111) and Cu(100) show that a precursor film of atomic thickness evolves and spreads diffusively. This precursor film spreads significantly faster on Cu(111) than on Cu(100). For Cu(100), the kinetics of drop spreading are dramatically decreased by slow advancement of the precursor film. Slow precursor film kinetics on Cu(100) are partly due to the formation of a surface alloy at the solid-liquid interface which does not occur on Cu(111). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, EB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 23 AR 236102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.236102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750PG UT WOS:000187004500040 PM 14683202 ER PT J AU Anderson, TL Charlson, RJ Schwartz, SE Knutti, R Boucher, O Rodhe, H Heintzenberg, J AF Anderson, TL Charlson, RJ Schwartz, SE Knutti, R Boucher, O Rodhe, H Heintzenberg, J TI The parasol effect on climate - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Dept Climate & Enivronm Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Lab Opt Atmospher, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RP Anderson, TL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008 OI Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5651 BP 1680 EP 1681 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 750AX UT WOS:000186970100019 ER PT J AU Thompson, DG Schoonover, JR Timpson, CJ Meyer, TJ AF Thompson, DG Schoonover, JR Timpson, CJ Meyer, TJ TI Time-dependent Raman analysis of metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states: Application to radiative and nonradiative decay SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-GAP LAW; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; MARCUS INVERTED REGION; RESONANCE RAMAN; EXCITATION PROFILES; REORGANIZATION ENERGIES; PRERESONANCE RAMAN; TRANSFER COMPLEX; RADIATIONLESS TRANSITIONS; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES AB The photophysical properties of the emitting metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of the complexes, [Os(bpy)(3)](2+), [Os(bpy)(2)(py)(2)](2+), and [Os(bpy)(py)(4)](2+) (bpy = 44-bipyridine, py = pyridine) have been characterized in aqueous solution at room temperature by absorption, emission, and Raman spectroscopies and by emission lifetimes and emission quantum yields. A spectroscopic model has been developed by using the time-dependent theory of Raman scattering, taking into account interference effects on resonance Raman profiles arising from interactions between the different ligands. A model based on the cylindrical model of Sension and Strauss provides a good fit to the data. The mode-specific vibrational parameters obtained from the spectroscopic analysis are used to calculate the vibrational contributions to the radiative and nonradiative decay rate constants for each of the complexes. These results and the experimental rate constants were used to calculate vibrationally induced electronic coupling matrix elements (V-k) for nonradiative decay and also transition moments, M, for radiative decay. For radiative decay, the average transition moment for the three complexes was 0.05Angstrom, and for nonradiative decay, the average value of V-k was 910 cm(-1). Within a reasonable margin of error, the Franck-Condon contributions are in agreement with values obtained in a previous study that used the single mode approximation and a Franck-Condon analysis of emission spectra. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM tjmeyer@lanl.gov NR 81 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 48 BP 10250 EP 10260 DI 10.1021/jp0303366 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 748TV UT WOS:000186877900006 ER PT J AU Feller, D Dixon, DA AF Feller, D Dixon, DA TI A nonparametrized ab initio determination of the heat of formation of hydroxylamine, NH2OH SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION LIMIT; DIATOMIC DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATION; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; QUARTIC FORCE-FIELD; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; FULL CCSDT MODEL; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB Coupled cluster calculations through noniterative triple excitations were used to compute optimized structures, harmonic vibrational frequencies, atomization energies at 0 K, and heats of formation at 298 K for hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and three related compounds (NH3, HNO, and H2O2). The use of basis sets as large as augmented sextuple-zeta resulted in small extrapolations to the complete basis set limit in order to achieve chemical accuracy (+/-1 kcal/mol) in the thermodynamic properties. Complete basis set estimates were determined from several simple extrapolation formulas. In addition, four other corrections were applied to the frozen core atomization energies: (1) a zero-point vibrational correction, (2) a core/valence correlation correction, (3) a Douglas-Kroll-Hess scalar relativistic correction, and (4) a first-order atomic spin-orbit correction. For NH3 and HNO, we incorporated a fifth correction term intended to approximate the difference between coupled cluster theory and the full configuration interact result. This correction was based on coupled cluster theory through iterative quadruple excitations (CCSDTQ). Excellent agreement with experiment was found for the heats of formation of NH3, HNO, and H2O2. For NH2OH, the best current estimate of the heat of formation at 298 K is -10.1 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol, which falls roughly midway between two experimental values at -12.0 +/- 2.4 and -7.9 +/- 1.5 kcal/mol. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Feller, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS K1-83,BOB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 82 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 48 BP 10419 EP 10427 DI 10.1021/jp030738d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 748TV UT WOS:000186877900027 ER PT J AU Mahurin, SM Dai, S Barnes, MD AF Mahurin, SM Dai, S Barnes, MD TI Probing the diffusion of a dilute dye solution in mesoporous glass with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULES; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; COEFFICIENTS; MICROSCOPY; EXCITATION; SORBENTS; CRYSTAL; SOLIDS; SIEVE; CELL AB The translational motion of rhodamine 6g dye molecules near the surface of a mesoporous glass with a disordered pore structure and a nominal pore diameter of 130 A is measured by the application of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to fluorescence burst data as dye molecules diffuse through the laser excitation volume. FCS analysis indicates that the motion of the rhodamine 6g molecules in the mesoporous glass deviates from simple Brownian motion with a single diffusion constant. Two models, including two-Component diffusion and diffusion plus adsorption, are utilized to fit the correlation data. The multicomponent diffusion model comprised of free diffusion (with a diffusion coefficient of 4.89 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s) and transient adsorption/desorption (desorption time of 67 ms) provides the best fit and the most plausible explanation of the correlation data. Possible explanations for the shift to multicomponent diffusion, such as restriction of the dye molecules within the pores of the glass, as well as increased viscosity and adsorption at the surface, are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 48 BP 13336 EP 13340 DI 10.1021/jp036033t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 748TW UT WOS:000186878000014 ER PT J AU Refson, K Park, SH Sposito, G AF Refson, K Park, SH Sposito, G TI Ab initio computational crystallography of 2 : 1 clay minerals: 1. Pyrophyllite-1Tc SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; KAOLINITE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; REPRESENTATION; MINIMIZATION; ORIENTATION; REFINEMENT AB The interpretation of diffraction and spectroscopic data on clay minerals can be facilitated by first-principles quantum mechanical simulations based on density functional theory (DFT), which now has achieved sufficient accuracy to predict crystallographic properties of these minerals without recourse to empirical parametrization. To test the accuracy of DFT for simulating 2:1 clay minerals, we have performed calculations on a related layer aluminosilicate for which high-quality crystallographic data are available, pyrophyllite-1Tc. The computational scheme included a plane-wave basis set along with new pseudopotentials for Si, Al, and O generated using the Perdew-Wang 91 generalized gradient approximation for the core electron exchange-correlation functional, the same approximation that was used for the valence electrons. Our calculations allowed full structural relaxation and, therefore, were appropriate for comparison to ambient-pressure crystallographic data. The simulation results gave an excellent account of bond lengths and angles when compared to single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Subtle features of the pyrophyllite structure, such as tetrahedral rotation and corrugation of the basal planes, also were captured accurately. The orientation angle of the structural OH groups in pyrophyllite was predicted to be 25.4degrees relative to the ab plane but was found to exist within a very broad minimum in respect to its effect on the total energy of the crystal. Overall we conclude from our results that high-quality DFT optimizations now can provide significant crystallographic information to aid in the interpretation of diffraction and spectroscopic data on layer type aluminosilicates. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Refson, K (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Refson, Keith/G-1407-2013; OI Refson, Keith/0000-0002-8715-5835 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 48 BP 13376 EP 13383 DI 10.1021/jp0347670 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 748TW UT WOS:000186878000019 ER PT J AU Gregg, BA AF Gregg, BA TI Comment on "Diffusion impedance and space charge capacitance in the nanoporous dye-sensitized electrochemical solar cell" and "Electronic transport in dye-sensitized nanoporous TiO2 solar cells-comparison of electrolyte and solid-state devices" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 48 BP 13540 EP 13540 DI 10.1021/jp0304374 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 748TW UT WOS:000186878000041 ER PT J AU Niu, FL Silver, PG Nadeau, RM McEvilly, TV AF Niu, FL Silver, PG Nadeau, RM McEvilly, TV TI Migration of seismic scatterers associated with the 1993 Parkfield aseismic transient event SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STRESS TRANSFER; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; FAULT; VELOCITY; STRAIN AB The time-varying deformation field within a fault zone, particularly at depths where earthquakes occur, is important for understanding fault behaviour and its relation to earthquake occurrence(1-3). But detection of this temporal variation has been extremely difficult, although laboratory studies have long suggested that certain structural changes, such as the properties of crustal fractures, should be seismically detectable(4). Here we present evidence that such structural changes are indeed observable. In particular, we find a systematic temporal variation in the seismograms of repeat microearthquakes that occurred on the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault over the decade 1987 - 97. Our analysis reveals a change of the order of 10 m in the location of scatterers which plausibly lie within the fault zone at a depth of similar to3 km. The motion of the scatterers is coincident, in space and time, with the onset of a well documented aseismic transient ( deformation event). We speculate that this structural change is the result of a stress-induced redistribution of fluids in fluid-filled fractures caused by the transient event. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Niu, FL (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, MS-126,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Niu, Fenglin/A-2548-2011; OI Nadeau, Robert M./0000-0003-1255-0643 NR 18 TC 45 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6966 BP 544 EP 548 DI 10.1038/nature02151 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 749TE UT WOS:000186944300035 PM 14654837 ER PT J AU Beneke, M Buchalla, G Lenz, A Nierste, U AF Beneke, M Buchalla, G Lenz, A Nierste, U TI CP asymmetry in flavour-specific B decays-beyond leading logarithms SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE asymmetry; CP; B0 anti-B0; mixing angle; B/s0; semileptonic decay ID LIFETIME DIFFERENCE; QCD CORRECTIONS; VIOLATION; SYSTEM; MESONS AB We compute next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the CP asymmetry a(fs) = Im(Gamma(12)/M-12) in flavour-specific B-d,B-s decays such as B-d --> X-l(ν) over bar (l) or B-S(-) D-S(-) pi(+). The corrections reduce the uncertainties associated with the choice of the renormalization d scheme for the quark masses significantly. In the Standard Model we predict a(fs)(d) (5.0 +/- 1.1) x 10(-4). As a by-product we also obtain the width difference in the Bd system at next-to-leading order in QCD. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Univ Regensburg, Fak Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Beneke, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys, Sommerfeldstr 28, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. OI Lenz, Alexander/0000-0003-3976-035X NR 21 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 4 PY 2003 VL 576 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.09.089 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 747VA UT WOS:000186824500022 ER PT J AU Kimball, DB Michalczyk, R Moody, E Ollivault-Shiflett, M De Jesus, K Silks, LA AF Kimball, DB Michalczyk, R Moody, E Ollivault-Shiflett, M De Jesus, K Silks, LA TI Determining the solution state orientation of a Ti enolate via stable isotope labeling, NMR spectroscopy, and Modeling studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC ALDOL REACTIONS; N-ACYL SELONES; CARBOXYLIC ESTERS; TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE; CHIRAL AUXILIARIES; ADDITIONS; ETHERS; DERIVATIVES; ACID; THIAZOLIDINETHIONES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIH Stable Isotope Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Michalczyk, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIH Stable Isotope Resource, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pete-silks@lanl.gov OI Michalczyk, Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 02231] NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 3 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 48 BP 14666 EP 14667 DI 10.1021/ja036414k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 747YR UT WOS:000186834500008 PM 14640616 ER PT J AU Gray, CR Sanz-Cervera, JF Silks, LA Williams, RM AF Gray, CR Sanz-Cervera, JF Silks, LA Williams, RM TI Studies on the biosynthesis of asperparaline A: Origin of the spirosuccinimde ring system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-JAPONICUS JV-23; BREVIANAMIDE-A; PENICILLIUM-BREVICOMPACTUM; ANTIPARASITIC AGENTS; SOLID CULTURES; PARAHERQUAMIDE; METABOLITES; CONSTRUCTION; CHARLESII C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Valencia, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Organ, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIH Stable Isotope Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rmw@chem.colostate.edu RI Sanz-Cervera, Juan/K-1095-2014 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 02231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 49631] NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 3 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 48 BP 14692 EP 14693 DI 10.1021/ja037687i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 747YR UT WOS:000186834500021 PM 14640629 ER PT J AU Taw, FL Scott, BL Kiplinger, JL AF Taw, FL Scott, BL Kiplinger, JL TI Early transition-metal perfluoroalkyl complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BONDS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kiplinger, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 3 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 48 BP 14712 EP 14713 DI 10.1021/ja038527+ PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 747YR UT WOS:000186834500031 PM 14640639 ER PT J AU Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Springston, SR Nunnermacker, LJ Lee, YN Weinstein-Lloyd, J Zheng, J Berkowitz, CM AF Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Springston, SR Nunnermacker, LJ Lee, YN Weinstein-Lloyd, J Zheng, J Berkowitz, CM TI A comparative study of O-3 formation in the Houston urban and industrial plumes during the 2000 Texas Air Quality Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE urban pollution; ozone formation; industrial hydrocarbons ID MIDDLE TENNESSEE OZONE; NASHVILLE; CHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBONS; REACTIVITY; EMISSIONS AB Ozone formation in the Houston area during a period of high ozone concentrations that occurred on 29 August 2000 during the TexAQS 2000 study is examined to understand differences in the sources of O-3 precursors and the rate and efficiency of ozone formation over the city of Houston and the industrialized Ship Channel region to the east of Houston. From late morning through late afternoon on 29 August, a period of stagnation occurred, allowing accumulation of O-3 and product species separately over downtown Houston and the Houston Ship Channel. Three aircraft flights were made in the region, starting from about 0900 CST and extending to about 1700 CST. A localized plume of high O-3 ranging between 120 and 200 ppb was observed over the Ship Channel on all of these aircraft flights. Over the same time period, O-3 concentrations over the city were much lower ranging between 40 and 90 ppb. NOx concentrations measured in the two regions in the late morning were roughly the same, but hydrocarbon reactivities over the industrial area were much higher, by as much as a factor of 10. Photochemical box model calculations constrained by observations of NOx, hydrocarbons, O-3, and other stable species indicated that the instantaneous ozone formation rate was much lower (3 - 18 ppb/ h) over downtown Houston than it was over the Ship Channel (3 - 80 ppb/ h). The much faster O-3 formation rates and higher concentrations observed over the Ship Channel are attributed to the much higher hydrocarbon reactivity, the majority of which was contributed by low molecular weight alkenes. These high hydrocarbon reactivities also caused O-3 over the Ship Channel to be produced with much higher efficiency than over urban Houston. Comparison of photochemical product distributions suggests that O-3 formation in the urban area is much more hydrocarbon limited than in the Ship Channel, consistent with the geographic distribution of major hydrocarbon sources in the area. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Old Westbury, Dept Chem Phys, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Daum, PH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM phdaum@bnl.gov; kleinman@bnl.gov; srs@bnl.gov; linden@bnl.gov; ynlee@bnl.gov; lloydj@oldwestbury.edu; carl.berkowitz@pnl.gov RI Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 2 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D23 AR 4715 DI 10.1029/2003JD003552 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MH UT WOS:000187482700001 ER PT J AU Poutsma, ML AF Poutsma, ML TI Reexamination of the pyrolysis of polyethylene: Data needs, free-radical mechanistic considerations, and thermochemical kinetic simulation of initial product-forming pathways SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Review ID HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT-DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ATOM-TRANSFER-REACTIONS; HYDROGENATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED PYROLYSIS; REACTIONS INVOLVING HYDROCARBONS; ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE COPOLYMERS AB Gaps in the voluminous data on pyrolysis of polyethylene that impede mechanistic understanding are highlighted, especially for H:C material balances, product distributions at varying conversions in isothermal closed systems, and inconsistencies between GC and FIMS analyses of products with lower volatility. Thermochemical kinetic estimates are made for the rates of various initiation processes; these suggest that molecular disproportionation contributes to chain initiation, along with homolysis, at lower M-n. Simulations indicate that the standard statistical test for random scission, a linear relationship between log N-c and c for volatile products, is not generally valid in open systems, and its empirical observation implies restrictions on the dependence of the rate of volatilization on c. Simulations of the initial distributions of volatile products and residue functionalities were performed based on propagation rate constants estimated by thermochemical kinetic procedures. The practice of deducing the amount of backbiting from positive deviations at lower c from the linear log N-c-c relationship established for higher c values is shown to underestimate the fraction of backbiting because the latter will give some products at every c so long as the 1,5-shift is not exclusive (k(15) much greater than k(16) > k(14)). Compositions of volatiles at finite conversions were simulated by formal superposition of (a) backbiting and unzipping products predicted from this kinetic model and (b) random scission products, which form only after multiple bond cleavages, predicted from a statistical model. Comparisons with experimental data showed some success but were limited by data gaps and inconsistencies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM poutsmaml@ornl.gov NR 277 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 2 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 24 BP 8931 EP 8957 DI 10.1021/ma0303768 PG 27 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 748JA UT WOS:000186857700006 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZC Sherlock, D West, R West, R Amine, K Lyons, LJ AF Zhang, ZC Sherlock, D West, R West, R Amine, K Lyons, LJ TI Cross-linked network polymer electrolytes based on a polysiloxane backbone with oligo(oxyethylene) side chains: Synthesis and conductivity SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CARBENE COMPLEXES; IONIC-CONDUCTION; SOLID SOLVENTS; SILOXANE; POLYPHOSPHAZENES; HYDROSILYLATION; OXIDE) AB A novel cross-linked siloxane-based solid polymer network has been synthesized by the hydrosilylation of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) partly substituted with oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether side groups and a alpha,omega-diallyl poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linking reagent. The ionic conductivities of the networks doped with LiTFSI are high at ambient temperature (sigma = 1.33 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at the optimum LiTFSI concentration EO/Li+ = 20:1). The temperature dependence of the conductivity followed the VTF form, indicating that polymer segmental motion assists the ion transport in the solid networks. C1 Grinnell Coll, Dept Chem, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Organosilicon Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lyons, LJ (reprint author), Grinnell Coll, Dept Chem, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 24 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 2 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 24 BP 9176 EP 9180 DI 10.1021/ma0349276 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 748JA UT WOS:000186857700035 ER PT J AU Su, GW Nimmo, JR Dragila, MI AF Su, GW Nimmo, JR Dragila, MI TI Effect of isolated fractures on accelerated flow in unsaturated porous rock SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unsaturated flow; fractured rock; preferential flow ID VADOSE ZONE; WATER-FLOW; SEEPAGE; MEDIA; INFILTRATION; SURFACES; PHYSICS; CHALK AB Fractures that begin and end in the unsaturated zone, or isolated fractures, have been ignored in previous studies because they were generally assumed to behave as capillary barriers and remain nonconductive. We conducted a series of experiments using Berea sandstone samples to examine the physical mechanisms controlling flow in a rock containing a single isolated fracture. The input fluxes and fracture orientation were varied in these experiments. Visualization experiments using dyed water in a thin vertical slab of rock were conducted to identify flow mechanisms occurring due to the presence of the isolated fracture. Two mechanisms occurred: (1) localized flow through the rock matrix in the vicinity of the isolated fracture and (2) pooling of water at the bottom of the fracture, indicating the occurrence of film flow along the isolated fracture wall. These mechanisms were observed at fracture angles of 20 and 60 degrees from the horizontal, but not at 90 degrees. Pooling along the bottom of the fracture was observed over a wider range of input fluxes for low-angled isolated fractures compared to high-angled ones. Measurements of matrix water pressures in the samples with the 20 and 60 degree fractures also demonstrated that preferential flow occurred through the matrix in the fracture vicinity, where higher pressures occurred in the regions where faster flow was observed in the visualization experiments. The pooling length at the terminus of a 20 degree isolated fracture was measured as a function of input flux. Calculations of the film flow rate along the fracture were made using these measurements and indicated that up to 22% of the flow occurred as film flow. These experiments, apparently the first to consider isolated fractures, demonstrate that such features can accelerate flow through the unsaturated zone and should be considered when developing conceptual models. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Su, GW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R01116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gwsu@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 2 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 AR 1326 DI 10.1029/2002WR001691 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 756NP UT WOS:000187487800001 ER PT J AU Vahedi-Faridi, A Lovelace, J Bellamy, HD Snell, EH Borgstahl, GEO AF Vahedi-Faridi, A Lovelace, J Bellamy, HD Snell, EH Borgstahl, GEO TI Physical and structural studies on the cryocooling of insulin crystals SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CRYSTALS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; MOSAIC SPREAD; MICROGRAVITY; CRYOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PERFECTION; GROWTH; CRYSTALLIZATION; EARTH AB Reflection profiles were analyzed from microgravity-grown (mug) and earth-grown insulin crystals to measure mosaicity (eta) and to reveal mosaic domain structure and composition. The effects of cryocooling on single-domain and multi-domain crystals were compared. The effects of cryocooling on insulin structure were also re-examined. Microgravity crystals were of larger volume, were more homogeneous and were of higher quality than earth crystals. Several m g crystals contained a single mosaic domain which encompassed all or nearly all of the crystal with an eta(avg) of 0.005degrees. The earth crystals varied in quality and all contained multiple domains with an eta(avg) of 0.031degrees. Cryocooling caused a 43-fold increase in eta for mug crystals (eta(avg) = 0.217degrees) and an eightfold increase for earth crystals (eta(avg) = 0.246degrees). These results indicate that very well ordered crystals are not completely protected from the stresses associated with cryocooling, especially when structural perturbations occur. However, there were differences in the reflection profiles. For multi-mosaic domain crystals, each domain individually broadened and separated from the other domains upon cryocooling. Cryocooling did not cause an increase in the number of domains. A crystal composed of a single domain retained this domain structure and the reflection profiles simply broadened. Therefore, an improved signal-to-noise ratio for each reflection was measured from cryocooled single-domain crystals relative to cryocooled multi-domain crystals. The improved signal from m g crystals, along with the increase in crystal size, facilitated the measurement of the weaker high-resolution reflections. The observed broadening of reflection profiles indicates increased variation in unit-cell parameters, which may be linked to cryocooling-associated structural changes and disorder. C1 Nebraska Med Ctr 987696, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Struct Biol Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Borgstahl, GEO (reprint author), Nebraska Med Ctr 987696, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 59 BP 2169 EP 2182 DI 10.1107/S0907444903019668 PN 12 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 748WM UT WOS:000186884000015 PM 14646075 ER PT J AU Lee, S Sawaya, MR Eisenberg, D AF Lee, S Sawaya, MR Eisenberg, D TI Structure of superoxide dismutase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum presents a challenging case in molecular replacement with multiple molecules, pseudo-symmetry and twinning SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL DIFFRACTING MATTER; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; RESOLUTION; THERMOSTABILITY; REFINEMENT; SEQUENCE AB The crystal structure of superoxide dismutase from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum was determined by molecular replacement at 1.8 Angstrom resolution. The structure determination was made especially challenging by the large number of molecules (24) in the asymmetric unit, the presence of a pseudo-crystallographic twofold operator close to a twinning operator and the inability to detect twinning by conventional means. Molecular replacement proceeded at low resolution in pseudo (apparent) space group P3(2)12 and was facilitated by examination of the self-rotation function and native Patterson map. Refinement, however, stalled at an R factor of 40% when high-resolution data were included. Expanding to the lower symmetry space group P3(2) decreased R (to 22%) and R-free (to 26%), but not by as much as expected for the quality of data. Finally, despite the apparent lack of evidence from conventional twinning tests [i.e. plots of the second moment of I and N(Z) distributions], a twinning operator was included in the refinement, lowering R and R-free to 16.2 and 21.7%, respectively. The early detection of twinning appears to have been masked by a deviation in the expected intensity distribution caused by the presence of non-crystallographic translational symmetry. These findings suggest the importance of testing twinning operators in cases where pseudo-translational symmetry can explain negative results from conventional twinning tests. The structure reveals a tetrameric assembly with 222 symmetry, similar to superoxide dismutase structures from other organisms. The current structural model represents the metal-free state of the enzyme. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Gen & Prote,Mol Biol Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Gen & Prote,Mol Biol Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Sawaya, Michael/0000-0003-0874-9043 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 59 BP 2191 EP 2199 DI 10.1107/S0907444903019942 PN 12 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 748WM UT WOS:000186884000017 PM 14646077 ER PT J AU Reddy, V Swanson, SM Segelke, B Kantardjieff, KA Sacchettii, JC Rupp, B AF Reddy, V Swanson, SM Segelke, B Kantardjieff, KA Sacchettii, JC Rupp, B TI Effective electron-density map improvement and structure validation on a Linux multi-CPU web cluster: The TB Structural Genomics Consortium Bias Removal Web Service SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; NEUROTOXIN TYPE-B; FREE R-VALUE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; DRUG DESIGN; MODEL; REFINEMENT AB Anticipating a continuing increase in the number of structures solved by molecular replacement in high-throughput crystallography and drug-discovery programs, a user-friendly web service for automated molecular replacement, map improvement, bias removal and real-space correlation structure validation has been implemented. The service is based on an efficient bias-removal protocol, Shake&wARP, and implemented using EPMR and the CCP4 suite of programs, combined with various shell scripts and Fortran90 routines. The service returns improved maps, converted data files and real-space correlation and B-factor plots. User data are uploaded through a web interface and the CPU-intensive iteration cycles are executed on a low-cost Linux multi-CPU cluster using the Condor job-queuing package. Examples of map improvement at various resolutions are provided and include model completion and reconstruction of absent parts, sequence correction, and ligand validation in drug-target structures. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Macromol Crystallog & Struct Gen Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, WM Keck Fdn Ctr Mol Struct, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Rupp, B (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, 2128 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62410] NR 53 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 59 BP 2200 EP 2210 DI 10.1107/S0907444903020316 PN 12 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 748WM UT WOS:000186884000018 PM 14646078 ER PT J AU Smith, N Mayhew, M Robinson, H Heroux, A Charlton, D Holden, MJ Gallagher, DT AF Smith, N Mayhew, M Robinson, H Heroux, A Charlton, D Holden, MJ Gallagher, DT TI Crystallization and phasing of alanine dehydrogenase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus is a dimer of 35 kDa chains. The archaeal enzyme appears to represent a new class of AlaDH that is not homologous to bacterial AlaDH enzymes, but has close evolutionary links to the broad ornithine cyclodeaminase/mu-crystallin family, which includes human thyroid hormone binding protein, which has 30% sequence identity to the A. fulgidus gene. The enzyme has been cloned, shown to catalyze the NAD-dependent interconversion of alanine and pyruvate and crystallized in several forms. Although the purified protein crystallized readily under many conditions, most of the crystals diffracted weakly or not at all. One polymorph growing in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) has non-crystallographic symmetry that becomes crystallographic, changing the space group to P2(1)2(1)2, upon binding iridium or samarium. Before and after derivatization, these crystals diffracted to 2.5 Angstrom using synchrotron radiation. Multiwavelength diffraction data were collected from the non-isomorphous iridium derivative, enabling structure determination. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Biocatalyt Inc, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gallagher, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 59 BP 2328 EP 2331 DI 10.1107/S0907444903021565 PN 12 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 748WM UT WOS:000186884000050 PM 14646110 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ Vainshtein, A AF Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ Vainshtein, A TI Triangle anomaly and the muon g-2 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Cracow School of Theoretical Physics/Workshop on Applications of Neural Networks CY MAY 30-JUN 08, 2003 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res, Minist Natl Educ & Sport, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Phys, Jagellonian Univ, European Commiss, Univ Min & Met, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Jagellonian Univ, marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, European Ctr Excellence COPIRA AB Hadronic electroweak corrections to the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g - 2) are reviewed. Emphasis is on clarification of discrepancies among various published studies. A theorem on non-renormalization of the transversal part of a correlator of two vector currents and an axial current is reviewed and its consequences in the form of superconvergent sum rules are discussed. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Minnesota, William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 12 BP 5669 EP 5677 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 758MX UT WOS:000187638800003 ER PT J AU Zalesny, MD AF Zalesny, MD TI Making sense of intractable environmental conflicts: Concepts and cases. SO ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Zalesny, MD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ADMINISTRATIVE, SCI QUARTERLY PI ITHACA PA CORNELL UNIV, JOHNSON SCHOOL, 20 THORNWOOD DR, STE 100, ITHACA, NY 14850-1265 USA SN 0001-8392 J9 ADMIN SCI QUART JI Adm. Sci. Q. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 48 IS 4 BP 718 EP 720 DI 10.2307/3556650 PG 3 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 872VN UT WOS:000225237100014 ER PT J AU Colgate, SA Rasmussen, S Solem, JC AF Colgate, SA Rasmussen, S Solem, JC TI An astrophysical basis for a universal origin of life SO ADVANCES IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emergence in Chemical Systems CY JUN 20-23, 2002 CL UNIV ALASKA, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA HO UNIV ALASKA DE origins of life; thermodynamics and information; star and planet formation ID STAR FORMATION; ACIDS; RNA; BIOSPHERE; VESICLES; CLOUDS; MATTER; DEEP AB We propose a universal, astrophysically based theory of the origin of life on Earth and on other rocky planets as well. Life is an information system where the information content grows because of selection. It must start with the minimum possible information, or the minimum possible departure from thermodynamic equilibrium. It also requires thermodynamically free energy that is accessible by means of its information content. Hence, for its origin, we look for the most benign circumstance or minimum entropy variations over long times with abundant free energy. The unique location for this condition is the pore space in the first few kilometers of the earth's surface. The free energy is derived from the condensed products of the chemical reactions taking place in the cooling nebula e.g. iron oxides and fixed hydrocarbon, (CH2)(16) and the benign environment is the thermal and radiation isolation of the earth's crust. We discuss how this environment occurs naturally and universally astrophysically. We then propose several chemical routes to the formation of life with a minimum entropy departure from thermodynamic equilibrium.(a) C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, Earth Engn Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Colgate, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM colgate@lanl.gov; steen@lanl.gov; jxcs@lanl.gov NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0219-5259 J9 ADV COMPLEX SYST JI Adv. Complex Syst. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 BP 487 EP 505 DI 10.1142/S0219525903001079 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 778YY UT WOS:000189270000003 ER PT J AU Busuttil, RA Rubio, M Dolle, MET Campisi, J Vijg, J AF Busuttil, RA Rubio, M Dolle, MET Campisi, J Vijg, J TI Oxygen accelerates the accumulation of mutations during the senescence and immortalization of murine cells in culture SO AGING CELL LA English DT Article DE aging; cancer; DNA damage; genomic integrity; oxidative damage ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; DIPLOID FIBROBLAST CELLS; TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL; REPLICATIVE LIFE-SPAN; IN-VIVO MUTATIONS; GENOME REARRANGEMENTS; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; EMBRYO CELLS; MICE; GROWTH AB Oxidative damage is a causal factor in aging and cancer, but it is still not clear how DNA damage, the cellular responses to such damage and its conversion to mutations by misrepair or misreplication contribute to these processes. Using transgenic mice carrying a lacZ mutation reporter, we have previously shown that mutations increase with age in most organs and tissues in vivo. It has also been previously shown that mouse cells respond to oxidative stress, typical of standard culture conditions, by undergoing cellular senescence. To understand better the consequences of oxidative stress, we cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from lacZ mice under physiological oxygen tension (3%) or the high oxygen tension (20%) associated with standard culture, and determined the frequency and spectrum of mutations. Upon primary culture, the mutation frequency was found to increase approximately three-fold relative to the embryo. The majority of mutations were genome rearrangements. Subsequent culture in 20% oxygen resulted in senescence, followed by spontaneous immortalization. Immortalization was accompanied by an additional three-fold increase in mutations, most of which were G:C to T:A transversions, a signature mutation of oxidative DNA damage. In 3% oxygen, by contrast, MEFs did not senesce and the mutation frequency and spectrum remained similar to primary cultures. These findings demonstrate for the first time the impact of oxidative stress on the genomic integrity of murine cells during senescence and immortalization. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sam & Ann Barshop Ctr Longev & Aging Studies, STCBM, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Vijg, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sam & Ann Barshop Ctr Longev & Aging Studies, STCBM, 15355 Lambda Dr,STCBM, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG17242] NR 32 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-9718 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 6 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1046/j.1474-9728.2003.00066.x PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 753GW UT WOS:000187224500001 PM 14677631 ER PT J AU Uretsky, JL AF Uretsky, JL TI Comment on "Phase transition-like behavior in a low-pass filter," by H. Krivine and A. Lesne [Am. J. Phys. 71 (1), 31-33 (2003)] SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Uretsky, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1320 EP 1320 DI 10.1119/1.1603275 PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 745MK UT WOS:000186692300015 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Bierman, PR Larsen, J Southworth, S Pavich, M Finkel, R Caffee, M AF Matmon, A Bierman, PR Larsen, J Southworth, S Pavich, M Finkel, R Caffee, M TI Erosion of an ancient mountain range, the Great Smoky Mountains, north Carolina and Tennessee (vol 303, pg 972, 2003) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM amatmon@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 303 IS 10 BP 972 EP 973 DI 10.2475/ajs.303.10.972 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 767JL UT WOS:000188436400004 ER PT J AU Coriu, D Dispenzieri, A Stevens, FJ Murphy, CL Wang, SC Weiss, DT Solomon, A AF Coriu, D Dispenzieri, A Stevens, FJ Murphy, CL Wang, SC Weiss, DT Solomon, A TI Hepatic amyloidosis resulting from deposition of the apolipoprotein A-I variant Leu75Pro SO AMYLOID-JOURNAL OF PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE amyloidosis; hepatic amyloid; Apolipoprotein A-I; variant gene; mass spectrometry ID HEREDITARY SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; HDL CHOLESTEROL; MUTATION; FIBRILS; GENE; TRANSPLANTATION; POLYNEUROPATHY; TRANSTHYRETIN; CONFORMATION AB Apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis (AApo A-I) is an inherited systemic disease that results from pathologic deposition in tissues of fibrils composed of Apo A-I-related molecules. This disorder has been linked to mutations occurring within the coding region of the Apo A-I gene and heretofore, nine such variants had been described Recently, a tenth alteration was found in an Italian population where the substitution of proline for leucine at position 75 (Leu75Pro) was associated with amyloid deposits in the liver. We now report our studies on a patient of different ethnicity who has hepatic amyloidosis and a similar mutation in the amyloidogenic precursor protein, as evidenced from analyses of genomic Apo A-I-encoding DNA. Additionally, fibrils extracted from the liver and characterized chemically were found to be composed almost exclusively of a similar to96 residue N-terminal ApoA-I fragment that contained the Leu75Pro substitution. RFLP analyses revealed that the patient was heterozygous for this mutation; however, < 10% of the plasma Apo A-I consisted of the aberrant protein while the remainder had the normal (wild-type) sequence. Our findings provide further evidence that the Leu75Pro variant is associated with a predominant hepatic phenotype and can occur in individuals of diverse ethnic backgrounds. C1 Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Human Immunol & Canc Program, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. Univ Med Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Human Immunol & Canc Program, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. EM asolomon@mc.utmck.edu RI Coriu, Daniel/C-3696-2011; OI Dispenzieri, Angela/0000-0001-8780-9512 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 10056] NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI LANCASTER PA RICHMOND HOUSE, WHITE CROSS, SOUTH ROAD, LANCASTER LA1 4XQ, ENGLAND SN 1350-6129 J9 AMYLOID JI Amyloid-J. Protein Fold. Disord. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.3109/13506120309041738 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 771NN UT WOS:000188792600003 PM 14986480 ER PT J AU Bao, LL Mahurin, SM Haire, RG Dai, S AF Bao, LL Mahurin, SM Haire, RG Dai, S TI Silver-doped sol-gel film as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate for detection of uranyl and neptunyl ions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; URANIUM DETERMINATION; COMPLEXING AGENTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SERS; SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; VI; SPECTROMETRY AB A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate containing silver particles was prepared by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method. Silver nitrate was first doped into the sol-gel film followed by chemical reduction of the silver ions with sodium borohydride to produce silver particles. This silver-doped sol-gel substrate exhibits strong enhancement of Raman scattering from adsorbed uranyl ions with a detection limit of 8.5 x 10(-8) M, which is comparable to existing methods of uranyl detection such as spectrophotometry, fluorometry, and a SERS method based on ligand-modified solution silver colloids. However, in the present method, no preconcentration steps, chromogens, or complexing ligands are needed. Compared with the SERS method using Ag colloidal sols, the silver-doped sol-gel film has the advantage that the silver particles trapped in the sol-gel matrix are much more stable than Ag colloids in liquid media. Furthermore, porous silica sol-gel materials are known to have affinities toward many inorganic and organic molecules. The enhanced adsorption affinities could also lead to the increased SERS sensitivity. The performance of the new silver-doped sol-gel substrate was evaluated with uranyl ions and compared to that of a SERS substrate based on silver-coated silica beads prepared by vacuum deposition. The detection limit for the silver-doped sol-gel film was 10(4) times lower than that for the silver-coated silica beads. The sol-gel substrate was further used to obtain, for the first time, the surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of neptunyl ions in dilute aqueous solutions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 23 BP 6614 EP 6620 DI 10.1021/ac034791+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 750HV UT WOS:000186986000038 PM 16465717 ER PT J AU Grate, JW AF Grate, JW TI A sorptive behavior of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle films containing alkanethiols and alkanedithiols SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 23 BP 6759 EP 6759 DI 10.1021/ac030280b PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 750HV UT WOS:000186986000061 PM 16465724 ER PT J AU Yahnina, TA Yahnin, AG Kangas, J Manninen, J Evans, DS Demekhov, AG Trakhtengerts, VY Thomsen, MF Reeves, GD Gvozdevsky, BB AF Yahnina, TA Yahnin, AG Kangas, J Manninen, J Evans, DS Demekhov, AG Trakhtengerts, VY Thomsen, MF Reeves, GD Gvozdevsky, BB TI Energetic particle counterparts for geomagnetic pulsations of Pc1 and IPDP types SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; particle precipitation; magnetospheric physics; energetic particles, precipitating; space plasma physics; wave-particle interactions ID MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA ANALYZER; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; RING CURRENT; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; PRECIPITATION; MECHANISM; STORM; PROTONS AB Using the low-altitude NOAA satellite particle data, we study two kinds of localised variations of energetic proton fluxes at low altitude within the anisotropic zone equatorward of the isotropy boundary. These flux variation types have a common feature, i.e. the presence of precipitating protons measured by the MEPED instrument at energies more than 30keV, but they are distinguished by the fact of the presence or absence of the lower-energy component as measured by the TED detector on board the NOAA satellite. The localised proton precipitating without a low-energy component occurs mostly in the morning-day sector, during quiet geomagnetic conditions, without substorm injections at geosynchronous orbit, and without any signatures of plasmaspheric plasma expansion to the geosynchronous distance. This precipitation pattern closely correlates with ground-based observations of continuous narrow-band Pc1 pulsations in the frequency range 0.1-2Hz (hereafter Pc1). The precipitation pattern containing the low energy component occurs mostly in the evening sector, under disturbed geomagnetic conditions, and in association with energetic proton injections and significant increases of cold plasma density at geosynchronous orbit. This precipitation pattern is associated with geomagnetic pulsations called Intervals of Pulsations with Diminishing Periods (IPDP), but some minor part of the events is also related to narrow-band Pc1. Both Pc1 and IPDP pulsations are believed to be the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves generated by the ion-cyclotron instability in the equatorial plane. These waves scatter energetic protons in pitch angles, so we conclude that the precipitation patterns studied here are the particle counterparts of the ion-cyclotron waves. C1 Polar Geophys Inst, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia. Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Yahnin, AG (reprint author), Polar Geophys Inst, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia. EM yahnin@pgi.kolasc.net.ru RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Yahnin, Alexander/B-5254-2014; Yahnina, Tatiana/A-5310-2017; Demekhov, Andrei/F-1444-2016; Gvozdevsky, Boris/A-5222-2017 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Yahnin, Alexander/0000-0003-1650-5436; Yahnina, Tatiana/0000-0002-8903-0438; Demekhov, Andrei/0000-0002-8062-8492; Gvozdevsky, Boris/0000-0003-1643-798X NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2281 EP 2292 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775NP UT WOS:000189047800004 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, M Tonn, B AF Schweitzer, M Tonn, B TI Non-energy benefits of the US Weatherization Assistance Program: a summary of their scope and magnitude SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE low-income weatherization; nonenergy benefits AB The purpose of this paper is to summarize the findings reported recently in the literature on non-energy benefits attributable to the weatherizing of low-income homes. Non-energy benefits are divided into three major categories: (1) ratepayer benefits; (2) household benefits; and (3) societal benefits. The ratepayer benefits can be divided into two main subcategories: payment-related benefits and service-provision benefits. Similarly, there are two key types of household benefits: those associated with affordable housing and those related to safety, health and comfort. Societal benefits can be classified as either environmental, social, or economic. Our study found the total lifetime value for all non-energy benefit-categories to be $3346 (in 2001 dollars) per household, which is slightly greater than the average value of energy savings for houses heated by natural gas, and substantially higher than the total cost per low-income weatherization. Societal benefits were much larger than either ratepayer or household benefits. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schweitzer, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD DEC PY 2003 VL 76 IS 4 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00003-5 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 727VV UT WOS:000185682300002 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ AF De Chant, LJ TI Turbulent, mixing of a scalar quantity in a 2-d mixing layer using matched asymptotic expansions SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE turbulent mixing layer; scalar transport; self-similar; matched asymptotic expansion ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB In this note analytical solutions for the turbulent mixing of a scalar quantity (mass, temperature, etc.) for a 2-d, free shear flow are developed. Approximate, i.e. thin shear layer self-similar forms for mass, momentum and the scalar quantity are derived, linearized using Goertler's [ZAMM 22 (1942) 244] perturbation argument and examined. Though successful for the mean velocity field, the regular expansion yields inconsistent solutions for the transport of a scalar. Sources of the non-uniformity are identified and a consistent result is obtained using matched asymptotic expansions. This result explains the success of semi-empirical convective velocity closures used by several researchers for a turbulence length scale equation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 27 IS 12 BP 955 EP 962 DI 10.1016/j.apm.2003.08.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 743YE UT WOS:000186600500003 ER PT J AU Ulmer, MP Altkorn, R Graham, ME Madan, A Chu, YS AF Ulmer, MP Altkorn, R Graham, ME Madan, A Chu, YS TI Production and performance of multilayer-coated conical x-ray mirrors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY; EMISSION; OPTICS; TELESCOPES; SUPERNOVA; GEOMETRY; SPECTRA; UPDATE; FILMS; TI-44 AB A method of fabricating replica figured x-ray optics with integral multilayer coatings is presented. With the intact electroforming multilayer process (1EMP) technique, we sputter multilayers onto a reusable superpolished mandrel, electroform nickel over the multilayers, and remove the multilayer-coated nickel shell intact from the mandrel. This approach offers advantages over more traditional, original, and segmented-replica fabrication techniques, including low cost; compatibility with a wide range of mirror designs, diameters, and focal lengths; simple integration with multilayer sputtering processes; and the ability to produce complete shells of revolution. The fabrication of W/Si multilayer-coated 10-cm-diameter conical x-ray mirrors is described, as are reflectivity measurements at 10 and 30 keV. The measured reflectivity of the IEMP multilayers at the 10-keV primary Bragg peak was 17%. Measurements of multiple points on the cone showed multilayer uniformity to within a few percent around the mirror. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Adv Coating Technol Grp, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2131 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-ulmer2@northwestern.edu; raltkorn@northwestern.edu; mgraham@northwestern.edu; madaanit@us.ibm.com; ychu@aps.anl.gov RI Graham, Michael/B-7518-2009 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 34 BP 6945 EP 6952 DI 10.1364/AO.42.006945 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 749LR UT WOS:000186922700024 PM 14661809 ER PT J AU Subramania, G Lin, SY Wendt, JR Rivera, JM AF Subramania, G Lin, SY Wendt, JR Rivera, JM TI Tuning the microcavity resonant wavelength in a two-dimensional photonic crystal by modifying the cavity geometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUALITY FACTOR; WAVE-GUIDE; SLAB; MEMBRANE; DESIGN; LASERS; MODE AB High-quality-factor microcavities in two-dimensional photonic crystals at optical frequencies have a number of technological applications, such as cavity quantum electrodynamics, optical switching, filtering, and wavelength multiplexing. For such applications, it is useful to have a simple approach to tune the microcavity resonant wavelength. In this letter, we propose a microcavity design by which we can tune the resonant wavelength by changing the cavity geometry while still obtaining a high quality factor. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Subramania, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 22 BP 4491 EP 4493 DI 10.1063/1.1630842 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747CF UT WOS:000186787100008 ER PT J AU Shen, TD Harms, U Schwarz, RB AF Shen, TD Harms, U Schwarz, RB TI Correlation between the volume change during crystallization and the thermal stability of supercooled liquids SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; METALLIC GLASSES; ZR41.2TI13.8CU12.5NI10.0BE22.5; DENSITY AB We have measured the density of Pd40Ni40-xCuxP20 (x=0-40) alloys in the amorphous and crystalline states. For x>30, the alloys are denser in the amorphous than in the crystalline states, which is contrary to the behavior of all known metallic glasses. For Pd40Ni40-xCuxP20 and all other bulk metallic glasses where density data are available in both the amorphous and crystalline states, we find a correlation between the stability of the supercooled liquids and the difference between the molar volumes of the glassy and crystalline phases. The supercooled liquid region is largest for those alloys that show no change in molar volume upon crystallization. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwarz, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755,MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rxzs@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 22 BP 4512 EP 4514 DI 10.1063/1.1631056 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747CF UT WOS:000186787100015 ER PT J AU Hsu, JWP Weimann, NG Manfra, MJ West, KW Lang, DV Schrey, FF Mitrofanov, O Molnar, RJ AF Hsu, JWP Weimann, NG Manfra, MJ West, KW Lang, DV Schrey, FF Mitrofanov, O Molnar, RJ TI Effect of dislocations on local transconductance in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures as imaged by scanning gate microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CAPACITANCE MICROSCOPY; THREADING DISLOCATIONS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; PROBE MICROSCOPY; GAN; FLOW AB The spatial variations of transconductance in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures were mapped using a conducting tip atomic force microscope. The conducting tip locally modulates the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) while the change in the drain current was monitored as a function of tip position. A spatial resolution of 250 nm was obtained. This technique enables us to investigate the role of defects in transistor performance. In particular, when biased near the depletion of the 2DEG, the transconductance map displays a cell structure, with low signal regions correlating with the positions of negatively charged threading dislocations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Hsu, JWP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Weimann, Nils/E-9721-2013; Mitrofanov, Oleg/C-1938-2008 OI Weimann, Nils/0000-0001-6665-9949; Mitrofanov, Oleg/0000-0003-3510-2675 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 22 BP 4559 EP 4561 DI 10.1063/1.1629143 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747CF UT WOS:000186787100031 ER PT J AU Im, MY Fischer, P Eimuller, T Denbeaux, G Shin, SC AF Im, MY Fischer, P Eimuller, T Denbeaux, G Shin, SC TI Magnetization reversal study of CoCrPt alloy thin films on a nanogranular-length scale using magnetic transmission soft x-ray microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NM SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; CO; MEDIA; DOMAINS AB We have investigated element-specific magnetization reversal behavior of (Co83Cr17)(87)Pt-13 alloy thin films with a lateral resolution of 35-nm using magnetic transmission soft x-ray microscopy. We report that the magnetization switching is carried out by a random nucleation process that can be attributed to individual grains. We found evidence of a large distribution of the switching fields at the nanogranular-length scale, which has to be considered seriously for applications of CoCrPt systems as high-density magnetic storage materials. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Nanospin Spintron Mat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Im, MY (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Shin, Sung-Chul/C-1992-2011 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 22 BP 4589 EP 4591 DI 10.1063/1.1631752 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747CF UT WOS:000186787100041 ER PT J AU Chen, F Xue, YY Hadjiev, VG Chu, CW Nikolaev, P Arepalli, S AF Chen, F Xue, YY Hadjiev, VG Chu, CW Nikolaev, P Arepalli, S TI Fast characterization of magnetic impurities in single-walled carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COBALT PARTICLES; HIPCO PROCESS; MONOXIDE AB We have demonstrated that the magnetic susceptibility measurement is a nondestructive, fast, and accurate method to determine the residual metal catalysts in a few microgram single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sample. We have studied magnetic impurities in raw and purified SWCNTs by magnetic susceptibility measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. The data suggest that the saturation magnetic moment and the effective field, which are caused by the interparticle interactions, decrease and increase, respectively, with the decrease of the particle size. Methods are suggested to overcome the uncertainty associated. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. GB Tech NASA JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM fchen@uh.edu RI Arepalli, Sivaram/A-5372-2010; Nikolaev, Pavel/B-9960-2009; Hadjiev, Viktor/A-7069-2008 OI Hadjiev, Viktor/0000-0001-8579-9357 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 22 BP 4601 EP 4603 DI 10.1063/1.1630854 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747CF UT WOS:000186787100045 ER PT J AU Rashkeev, SN Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pantelides, ST AF Rashkeev, SN Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pantelides, ST TI Radiation-induced acceptor deactivation in bipolar devices: Effects of electric field SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JUNCTION TRANSISTORS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDROGEN; DEGRADATION AB We show that radiation-induced boron acceptor deactivation in silicon bipolar transistors is due primarily to direct neutralization by protons. The strong dependence of the deactivation process on electric field is due mainly to the transport of H+ in the depletion region. The observed dependence of the neutralized-acceptor concentration on the irradiation bias is explained by analytical modeling and Monte Carlo simulations. Neutralization of protons in the Si is not necessary to describe the observed dopant deactivation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rashkeev, SN (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 22 BP 4646 EP 4648 DI 10.1063/1.1630368 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747CF UT WOS:000186787100060 ER PT J AU Westphalen, D Roth, KW Brodrick, J AF Westphalen, D Roth, KW Brodrick, J TI Microchannel heat exchangers SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This is the tenth article covering one of several energy-saving technologies evaluated in a recent U.S. Department of Energy report. The complete report is at www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/documents. C1 TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Westphalen, D (reprint author), TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 IS 12 BP 107 EP 109 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 751JW UT WOS:000187064100013 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Fan, XH Hall, PB Jester, S Richards, GT Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Vanden Berk, DE Anderson, SF Brandt, WN Gunn, JE Gray, J Trump, JR Voges, W Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Castander, FJ Doi, M Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Niederste-Ostholt, M Pier, JR Richmond, MW Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, DJ Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A York, DG AF Schneider, DP Fan, XH Hall, PB Jester, S Richards, GT Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Vanden Berk, DE Anderson, SF Brandt, WN Gunn, JE Gray, J Trump, JR Voges, W Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Castander, FJ Doi, M Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Niederste-Ostholt, M Pier, JR Richmond, MW Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, DJ Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A York, DG TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. II. First data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys ID ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; ROSAT ALL-SKY; XMM-NEWTON; RADIO PROPERTIES; GALAXY SAMPLE; REDSHIFT AB We present the second edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog. The catalog consists of the 16,713 objects in the SDSS First Data Release that have luminosities larger than M-i=-22 (in a cosmology with H-0=70 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega(M)=0.3, and Omega(Lambda)=0.7), have at least one emission line with FWHM larger than 1000 km s(-1), and have highly reliable redshifts. The area covered by the catalog is approximate to1360 deg(2). The quasar redshifts range from 0.08 to 5.41, with a median value of 1.43. For each object, the catalog presents positions accurate to better than 0."2 rms per coordinate, five- band (ugriz) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag, and information on the morphology and selection method. The catalog also contains some radio, near-infrared, and X-ray emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. Calibrated digital spectra of all objects in the catalog, covering the wavelength region 3800-9200 Angstrom at a spectral resolution of 1800-2100, are available. This publication supersedes the first SDSS Quasar Catalog, which was based on material from the SDSS Early Data Release. A summary of corrections to current quasar databases is also provided. The majority of the objects were found in SDSS commissioning data using a multicolor selection technique. Since the quasar selection algorithm was undergoing testing during the entire observational period covered by this catalog, care must be taken when assembling samples from the catalog for use in statistical studies. A total of 15,786 objects (94%) in the catalog were discovered by the SDSS; 12,173 of the SDSS discoveries are reported here for the first time. Included in the new discoveries are five quasars brighter than i=16.0 and 17 quasars with redshifts larger than 4.5. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057 NR 61 TC 165 Z9 166 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 126 IS 6 BP 2579 EP 2593 DI 10.1086/379174 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 759EN UT WOS:000187725500001 ER PT J AU Popowski, P Cook, KH Becker, AC AF Popowski, P Cook, KH Becker, AC TI The large-scale extinction map of the Galactic bulge from the MACHO project photometry SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE color-magnitude diagrams; dust, extinction; Galaxy : center; stars : statistics; surveys ID MICROLENSING OPTICAL DEPTH; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; RR LYRAE STARS; BAADES-WINDOW; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; ZERO-POINT AB We present a (V-R)-based reddening map of about 43 deg(2) of the Galactic bulge/bar. The map is constructed using template image photometry from the MACHO microlensing survey, contains 9717 resolution elements, and is based on V-R color averages of the entire color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in 4' x 4' tiles. The conversion from the observed color to the reddening follows from an assumption that CMDs of all bulge fields would look similar in the absence of extinction. Consequently, the difference in observed color between various fields originates from varying contribution of the disk extinction summed along different lines of sight. We check that our V-R colors correlate very well with infrared and optical reddening maps. We show that a dusty disk obeying a csc \b\ extinction law, E(V-R)=0.0274 csc \b\, provides a good approximation to the extinction toward the MACHO bulge/bar fields. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Popowski, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1,Postfach 1317, D-85741 Garching, Germany. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 126 IS 6 BP 2910 EP 2921 DI 10.1086/379291 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 759EN UT WOS:000187725500022 ER PT J AU Kanbur, SM Ngeow, C Nikolaev, S Tanvir, NR Hendry, MA AF Kanbur, SM Ngeow, C Nikolaev, S Tanvir, NR Hendry, MA TI The extra-galactic Cepheid distance scale from LMC and Galactic period-luminosity relations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : Magellanic Clouds; stars : variables : Cepheids ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; ABSOLUTE PEAK BRIGHTNESS; KEY PROJECT; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; IA SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT-CURVE; CALIBRATION; CONSTANT AB In this paper, we recalibrate the Cepheid distance to some nearby galaxies observed by the HST Key Project and the Sandage-Tammann-Saha group. We use much of the Key Project methodology in our analysis but apply new techniques, based on Fourier methods to estimate the mean of a sparsely sampled Cepheid light curve, to published extra-galactic Cepheid data. We also apply different calibrating PL relations to estimate Cepheid distances, and investigate the sensitivity of the distance moduli to the adopted calibrating PL relation. We re-determine the OGLE LMCPL relations using a more conservative approach and also study the effect of using Galactic PL relations on the distance scale. For the Key Project galaxies after accounting for charge transfer effects, we find good agreement with an average discrepancy of -0.002 and 0.075 mag when using the LMC and Galaxy, respectively, as a calibrating PL relation. For NGC 4258 which has a geometric distance of 29.28 mag, we find a distance modulus of 29.44 +/- 0.06 (random) mag, after correcting for metallicity. In addition we have calculated the Cepheid distance to 8 galaxies observed by the Sandage-Tammann-Saha group and find shorter distance moduli by -0.178 mag (mainly due to the use of different LMC PL relations) and -0.108 mag on average again when using the LMC and Galaxy, respectively, as a calibrating PL relation. However care must be taken to extrapolate these changed distances to changes in the resulting values of the Hubble constant because STS also use distances to NGC 3368 and 4414 and because STS calibration of SN Ia is often decoupled from the distance to the host galaxy through their use of differential extinction arguments. We also calculate the distance to all these galaxies using PL relations at maximum light and find very good agreement with mean light PL distances. However, after correcting for metallicity effects, the difference between the distance moduli obtained using the two sets of calibrating PL relations becomes negligible. This suggests that Cepheids in the LMC and Galaxy do follow different PL relations and constrains the sign for the coefficient of the metallicity correction, gamma, to be negative, at least at the median period log(P) approximate to 1.4, of the target galaxies. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Kanbur, SM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 77 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 411 IS 3 BP 361 EP 379 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031373 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 743KQ UT WOS:000186571300013 ER PT J AU Abe, F Bennett, DP Bond, IA Calitz, JJ Claret, A Cook, KH Furuta, Y Gal-Yam, A Glicenstein, JF Hearnshaw, JB Hauschildt, PH Kent, D Kilmartin, PM Kurata, Y Masuda, K Maoz, D Matsubara, Y Meintjes, PJ Moniez, M Muraki, Y Noda, S Ofek, EO Okajima, K Philpott, L Rattenbury, NJ Rhie, SH Sako, T Sullivan, DJ Sumi, T Terndrup, DM Tristram, PJ Yanagisawa, T Yock, PCM AF Abe, F Bennett, DP Bond, IA Calitz, JJ Claret, A Cook, KH Furuta, Y Gal-Yam, A Glicenstein, JF Hearnshaw, JB Hauschildt, PH Kent, D Kilmartin, PM Kurata, Y Masuda, K Maoz, D Matsubara, Y Meintjes, PJ Moniez, M Muraki, Y Noda, S Ofek, EO Okajima, K Philpott, L Rattenbury, NJ Rhie, SH Sako, T Sullivan, DJ Sumi, T Terndrup, DM Tristram, PJ Yanagisawa, T Yock, PCM TI Probing the atmosphere of a solar-like star by galactic microlensing at high magnification SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : high angular resolution; techniques : gravitational microlensing; stars : limb darkening; stars : individual : MOA-2002-BLG-33 ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; LIMB-DARKENING MEASUREMENT; PLANET PHOTOMETRY; K-GIANT; BULGE; SURFACE; VLTI AB We report a measurement of limb darkening of a solar-like star in the very high magnification microlensing event MOA 2002-BLG-33. A 15 hour deviation from the light curve profile expected for a single lens was monitored intensively in V and I passbands by five telescopes spanning the globe. Our modelling of the light curve showed the lens to be a close binary system whose centre-of-mass passed almost directly in front of the source star. The source star was identified as an F8-G2 main sequence turn-off star. The measured stellar profiles agree with current stellar atmosphere theory to within similar to4% in two passbands. The effective angular resolution of the measurements is <1 μas. These are the first limb darkening measurements obtained by microlensing for a Solar-like star. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Orange Free State, Dept Phys, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada 18080, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94563 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Univ Hamburg, Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Auckland, Fac Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Victoria, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bond, IA (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. OI Philpott, Lydia/0000-0002-5286-8528 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 411 IS 3 BP L493 EP L496 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031602 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 743KQ UT WOS:000186571300005 ER PT J AU Zhang, TJ Pen, UL Zhang, PJ Dubinski, J AF Zhang, TJ Pen, UL Zhang, PJ Dubinski, J TI Optimal weak-lensing skewness measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; dark matter; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; POWER SPECTRUM; COSMIC SHEAR; PERTURBATION-THEORY; STATISTICS; FLUCTUATIONS; ANISOTROPIES; FIELDS; OMEGA; PROBE AB Weak-lensing measurements are starting to provide statistical maps of the distribution of matter in the universe that are increasingly precise and complementary to cosmic microwave background maps. The most common measurement is the correlation in alignments of background galaxies, which can be used to infer the variance of the projected surface density of matter. This measurement of the fluctuations is insensitive to the total mass content and is analogous to using waves on the ocean to measure its depths. However, when the depth is shallow, as happens near a beach, waves become skewed. Similarly, a measurement of skewness in the projected matter distribution directly measures the total matter content of the universe. While skewness has already been convincingly detected, its constraint on cosmology is still weak. We address optimal analyses for the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey in the presence of noise. We show that a compensated Gaussian filter with a width of 2.'5 optimizes the cosmological constraint, yielding DeltaOmega(m)/Omega(m) similar to 10%. This is significantly better than other filters that have been considered in the literature. This can be further improved with tomography and other sophisticated analyses. C1 Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. RP Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM tjzhang@bnu.edu.cn; pen@cita.utoronto.ca; zhangpj@fnal.gov; dubinski@cita.utoronto.ca RI ZHANG, PENGJIE/O-2825-2015 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 2 BP 818 EP 826 DI 10.1086/379119 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FL UT WOS:000187149300009 ER PT J AU Yan, RB Madgwick, DS White, M AF Yan, RB Madgwick, DS White, M TI Constraining evolution in the halo model using galaxy redshift surveys SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : halos; galaxies : high-redshift ID COLD DARK-MATTER; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPECTRAL TYPE; POWER SPECTRUM; ANALYTIC MODEL; BIAS; UNIVERSE; CONDENSATION AB We use the latest observations from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey to fit the conditional luminosity function (CLF) formulation of the halo model for galaxies at z = 0. This fit is then used to test the extent of evolution in the halo occupation distribution to z = 0.8, by comparing the predicted clustering from this CLF to preliminary results from the DEEP2 Redshift Survey. We show that the current observations from the DEEP2 Redshift Survey are remarkably consistent with no evolution in the CLF from z = 0 to 0.8. This result is surprising, in that it suggests that there has been very little change in the way galaxies occupy their host dark matter halos over half the age of the universe. We discuss in detail the observational constraints we have adopted and also the various selection effects in each survey and how these affect the galaxy populations encountered in each survey. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yan, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015; OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Yan, Renbin/0000-0003-1025-1711 NR 55 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 2 BP 848 EP 857 DI 10.1086/379067 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FL UT WOS:000187149300011 ER PT J AU Parete-Koon, S Hix, WR Smith, MS Starrfield, S Bardayan, DW Guidry, MW Mezzacappa, A AF Parete-Koon, S Hix, WR Smith, MS Starrfield, S Bardayan, DW Guidry, MW Mezzacappa, A TI A new (17)F(p, gamma)(18)Ne reaction rate and its implications for nova nucleosynthesis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances ID RAY SPECTROMETER OBSERVATIONS; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; CLASSICAL NOVAE; CNO ABUNDANCES; WHITE-DWARFS; OUTBURSTS; MODELS; NE-18; ENVELOPES; STATE AB Proton capture by (17)F plays an important role in the synthesis of nuclei in nova explosions. A revised rate for this reaction, based on a measurement of the (1)H((17)F, p)(17)F excitation function using a radioactive (17)F beam at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, is used to calculate the nucleosynthesis in nova outbursts on the surfaces of 1.25 and 1.35 M(.) ONeMg white dwarfs and a 1.00 M(.) CO white dwarf. We find that the new (17)F (p, gamma) (18)Ne reaction rate changes the abundances of some nuclides (e.g., (17)O) synthesized in the hottest zones of an explosion on a 1.35 M(.) white dwarf by more than a factor of 10(4) compared to calculations using some previous estimates for this reaction rate, and by more than a factor of 3 when the entire exploding envelope is considered. In a 1.25 M(.) white dwarf nova explosion, this new rate changes the abundances of some nuclides synthesized in the hottest zones by more than a factor of 600, and by more than a factor of 2 when the entire exploding envelope is considered. Calculations for the 1.00 M(.) white dwarf nova show that this new rate changes the abundance of (18)Ne by 21% but has negligible effect on all other nuclides. Comparison of model predictions with observations is also discussed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Parete-Koon, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 2 BP 1239 EP 1245 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752FL UT WOS:000187149300043 ER PT J AU Hodgson, AT Faulkner, D Sullivan, DP DiBartolomeo, DL Russell, ML Fisk, WJ AF Hodgson, AT Faulkner, D Sullivan, DP DiBartolomeo, DL Russell, ML Fisk, WJ TI Effect of outside air ventilation rate on volatile organic compound concentrations in a call center SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE indoor air quality; office building; VOC emission rates; formaldehyde; principal component analysis ID CONSUMER PRODUCTS; FORMALDEHYDE; BUILDINGS; EMISSIONS; INDOOR; VOCS AB A study of the relationship between outside air ventilation rate and concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated indoors was conducted in a call center office building. The building, with two floors and a total floor area of 4600 m(2), is located in the San Francisco Bay Area, CA. Ventilation rates were manipulated with the building's four air handling units (AHUs). VOC and CO2 concentrations in the AHU returns were measured on 7 days during a 13-week period. VOC emission factors were determined for individual zones on days when they were operating at near steady-state conditions. The emission factor data were subjected to principal component (PC) analysis to identify groups of co-varying compounds. Potential sources of the PC vectors were ascribed based on information from the literature. The per occupant CO2 generation rates were 0.0068-0.00921 s(-1). The per occupant isoprene generation rates of 0.2-0.3 mg h(-1) were consistent with the value predicted by mass balance from breath concentration and exhalation rate. The relationships between indoor minus outdoor VOC concentrations and ventilation rate were qualitatively examined for eight VOCs. Of these, acetaldehyde and hexanal, which likely were associated with material sources, and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, associated with personal care products, exhibited general trends of higher concentrations at lower ventilation rates. For other compounds, a clear inverse relationship between VOC concentrations and ventilation was not observed. The net concentration of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate isomers, examples of low-volatility compounds, changed very little with ventilation likely due to sorption and re-emission effects. These results illustrate that the efficacy of ventilation for controlling VOC concentrations can vary considerably depending upon the operation of the building, the pollutant sources and the physical and chemical processes affecting the pollutants. Thus, source control measures, in addition to adequate ventilation, are required to limit concentrations of VOCs in office buildings. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hodgson, AT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 37 IS 39-40 BP 5517 EP 5527 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.028 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753EK UT WOS:000187219000008 ER PT J AU Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Nazaroff, WW AF Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Nazaroff, WW TI Gas-phase organics in environmental tobacco smoke: 2. Exposure-relevant emission factors and indirect exposures from habitual smoking SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE envirortmental tobacco smoke; toxic air contaminants; hazardous air pollutants; ETS tracers; nicotine; sorption; emission factors; exposure assessment ID NICOTINE AB Sorption of emitted gas-phase organic compounds onto material surfaces affects environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) composition and exposures indoors. We have introduced a new metric, the exposure relevant emission factor (EREF) that accounts for sorptive uptake and reemission to give the mass of individual ETS constituents available for exposure over a day in which smoking occurs. This paper describes month-long experiments to investigate sorption effects on EREFs and potential ETS exposures under habitual smoking conditions. Cigarettes were smoked in a 50-m(3) furnished room over a 3-h period 6-7 days per week, with continuous ventilation at 0.3, 0.6, or 2.1 h(-1). Organic gas concentrations were measured every few days over 4-h "smoking", 10-h "post-smoking" and 10-h "background" periods. Concentration patterns of volatile ETS components including 1,3-butadiene, benzene and acrolein were similar to those calculated for a theoretical non-sorbing tracer, indicating limited sorption. Concentrations of ETS tracers, e.g. 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) and nicotine, and lower volatility toxic air contaminants including phenol, cresols, and naphthalene increased as experiments progressed, indicating mass accumulation on surfaces and higher desorption rates. Daily patterns stabilized after week 2, yielding a steady daily cycle of ETS concentrations associated with habitual smoking. EREFs for sorbing compounds were higher under steady cycle versus single-day smoking conditions by similar to50% for 3-EP, and by 2-3 times for nicotine, phenol, cresols, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes. Our results provide relevant information about potential indirect exposures from residual ETS (non-smoker enters room shortly after smoker finishes) and from reemission, and their importance relative to direct exposures (non-smoker present during smoking). Under the conditions examined, indirect exposures accounted for a larger fraction of total potential exposures for sorbing versus non-sorbing compounds, and at lower versus higher ventilation rates. Increasing ventilation can reduce indirect exposures to very low levels for non-sorbing ETS components, but indirect routes accounted for similar to50% of potential nicotine exposures during non-smoking periods at all ventilation rates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singer, BC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 12 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 37 IS 39-40 BP 5551 EP 5561 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.07.015 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753EK UT WOS:000187219000011 ER PT J AU Gadgil, AJ Lobscheid, C Abadie, MO Finlayson, EU AF Gadgil, AJ Lobscheid, C Abadie, MO Finlayson, EU TI Indoor pollutant mixing time in an isothermal closed room: an investigation using CFD SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mixing time; pollutant dispersion; CFD modeling; short-term exposure ID AIR; CONVECTION AB We report on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of mixing time of a pollutant in an unventilated, mechanically mixed, isothermal room. The study aims to determine: (1) the adequacy of the standard Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes two-equation (k - epsilon) turbulence model for predicting the mixing time under these conditions and (2) the extent to which the mixing time depends on the room airflow, rather than the source location within the room. The CFD simulations modeled the 12 mixing time experiments performed by Drescher et al. (Indoor Air 5 (1995) 204) using a point pulse release in an isothermal, sealed room mechanically mixed with variable power blowers. Predictions of mixing time were found in good agreement with experimental measurements, over an order of magnitude variation in blower power. Additional CFD simulations were performed to investigate the relation between pollutant mixing time and source location. Seventeen source locations and five blower configurations were investigated. Results clearly show large dependence of the mixing time on the room airflow, with some dependence on source location. We further explore dependence of mixing time on the velocity and turbulence intensity at the source location. Implications for positioning air-toxic sensors in rooms are briefly discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. RP Gadgil, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Mailstop 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. OI Abadie, Marc/0000-0001-7890-4155; Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 37 IS 39-40 BP 5577 EP 5586 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.032 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753EK UT WOS:000187219000013 ER PT J AU Sippola, MR Nazaroff, WW AF Sippola, MR Nazaroff, WW TI Modeling particle loss in ventilation ducts SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol; deposition; duct; indoor air quality; transport mechanisms; ventilation ID DEPOSITION; FLOWS AB Empirical equations were developed and applied to predict losses of 0.01-100 mum airborne particles making a single pass through 120 different ventilation duct runs typical of those found in mid-sized office buildings. For all duct runs, losses were negligible for submicron particles and nearly complete for particles larger than 50 mum. The 50th percentile cut-point diameters were 15 mum in supply runs and 25 mum in return runs. Losses in supply duct runs were higher than in return duct runs, mostly because internal insulation was present in portions of supply duct runs, but absent from return duct runs. Single-pass equations for particle loss in duct runs were combined with models for predicting ventilation system filtration efficiency and particle deposition to indoor surfaces to evaluate the fates of particles of indoor and outdoor origin in an archetypal mechanically ventilated building. Results suggest that duct losses are a minor influence for determining indoor concentrations for most particle sizes. Losses in ducts were of a comparable magnitude to indoor surface losses for most particle sizes. For outdoor air drawn into an unfiltered ventilation system, most particles smaller than 1 mum are exhausted from the building. Large particles deposit within the building, mostly in supply ducts or on indoor surfaces. When filters are present, most particles are either filtered or exhausted. The fates of particles generated indoors follow similar trends as outdoor particles drawn into the building. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nazaroff, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 633 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 10 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 37 IS 39-40 BP 5597 EP 5609 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.07.016 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753EK UT WOS:000187219000015 ER PT J AU Lunden, MM Revzan, KL Fischer, ML Thatcher, TL Littlejohn, D Hering, SV Brown, NJ AF Lunden, MM Revzan, KL Fischer, ML Thatcher, TL Littlejohn, D Hering, SV Brown, NJ TI The transformation of outdoor ammonium nitrate aerosols in the indoor environment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosols; chemical transformation; nitric acid; ammonia; indoor particulate nitrate; penetration ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MUSEUMS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; AIR-POLLUTION; NITRIC-ACID; SURFACE ACCUMULATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; IONIC SUBSTANCES; POLLUTANTS; OZONE; GASES AB Recent studies associate particulate air pollution with adverse health effects; however, the exposure to indoor particles of outdoor origin is not well characterized, particularly for individual chemical species. We conducted a field study in an unoccupied, single-story residence in Clovis, California to provide data and analyses to address issues important for assessing exposure. We used real-time particle monitors both outdoors and indoors to quantify nitrate, sulfate, and carbon particulate matter of particle size 2.5 mum or less in diameter (PM-2.5). The results show that measured indoor ammonium nitrate concentrations were significantly lower than would be expected based solely on penetration and deposition losses. The additional reduction can be attributed to the transformation indoors of ammonium nitrate into ammonia and nitric acid gases, which are subsequently lost by deposition and sorption to indoor surfaces. A mass balance model that accounts for the kinetics of ammonium nitrate evaporation was able to reproduce measured indoor ammonium nitrate and nitric acid concentrations, resulting in a fitted value of the deposition velocity for nitric acid of 0.56 cm s(-1). The results indicate that indoor exposure to outdoor ammonium nitrate in Central Valley of California are small, and suggest that exposure assessments based on total particle mass measured outdoors may obscure the actual causal relationships for indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Lunden, MM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012 NR 30 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 37 IS 39-40 BP 5633 EP 5644 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.035 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753EK UT WOS:000187219000018 ER PT J AU Kruzic, JJ Nalla, RK Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, JJ Nalla, RK Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO TI Crack blunting, crack bridging and resistance-curve fracture mechanics in dentin: effect of hydration SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dentin; fracture; hydration; toughening; uncracked-ligament bridging; crack blunting ID ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; CORTICAL BONE; HUMAN-ENAMEL; TOUGHNESS; PROPAGATION; GROWTH; COMPOSITES; MICROSCOPY AB Few studies have focused on a description of the fracture toughness properties of dentin in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior, i.e., fracture resistance increasing with crack extension, particularly in light of the relevant toughening mechanisms involved. Accordingly, in the present study, fracture mechanics based experiments were conducted on elephant dentin in order to determine such R-curves, to identify the salient toughening mechanisms and to discern how hydration may affect their potency. Crack bridging by uncracked ligaments, observed directly by microscopy and X-ray tomography, was identified as a major toughening mechanism, with further experimental evidence provided by compliance-based experiments. In addition, with hydration, dentin was observed to display significant crack blunting leading to a higher overall fracture resistance than in the dehydrated material. The results of this work are deemed to be of importance from the perspective of modeling the fracture behavior of dentin and in predicting its failure in vivo. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, MC 1760, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE09859] NR 34 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 EI 1878-5905 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD DEC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 28 BP 5209 EP 5221 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00458-7 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 745DN UT WOS:000186674000016 PM 14568438 ER PT J AU Grodzinski, P Yang, J Liu, RH Ward, MD AF Grodzinski, P Yang, J Liu, RH Ward, MD TI A modular microfluidic system for cell pre-concentration and genetic sample preparation SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE modular microfluidic systems; chip integration; sample preparation; immunomagnetic separation ID CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; PCR AMPLIFICATION; CHIP; SEPARATION; BLOOD; FLOW; INTEGRATION; TECHNOLOGY; FIELDS AB A modular system containing mixers, incubation unit, and cell capture unit has been developed using polymer microfluidic chips. A custom interfacing scheme has been used to assemble individual chips into the functional system. This system has been used to perform cell pre-concentration from a complex sample matrix allowing for carrying out assays on rare cell targets appearing in low concentrations in the analyzed sample. We demonstrate that 2 ml of the sample can be processed in a cell capture modular system with cell capture efficiency of 53 and 37% for PBS- and blood-based samples, respectively. We also show that these capture rates are strongly dependent on the effectiveness of pre-capture mixing between the cell containing sample and bead-antibody complexes. C1 Motorola Labs, Microfluid Lab, PSRL, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Appl NanoBiosci Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Grodzinski, P (reprint author), Motorola Labs, Microfluid Lab, PSRL, 7700 S River Pkwy, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1023/A:1027357713526 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 739EZ UT WOS:000186331900005 ER PT J AU Mou, TC Shen, MC Terwilliger, TC Gray, DM AF Mou, TC Shen, MC Terwilliger, TC Gray, DM TI Binding and reversible denaturation of double-stranded DNA by Ff gene 5 protein SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE circular dichroism; Ff gene 5 protein; double-stranded poly[d(A) center dot d(T)]; protein-protein interactions; tyrosine circular dichroism bands ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY; GVP-SSDNA COMPLEX; V-PROTEIN; FILAMENTOUS BACTERIOPHAGE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FD GENE-5-PROTEIN; Y41F MUTANTS; REPLICATION; CD; DOMAIN AB The gene 5 protein (g5p) from Ff filamentous virus is a model single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein that has an oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding (OB)-fold structure and binding properties in common with other ssDNA-binding proteins. In the present work, we use circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to analyze the effects of amino acid substitutions on the binding of g5p to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) compared to its binding to ssDNA. CD titrations of poly[d(A) (.) d(T)] with mutants of each of the five tyrosines of the g5p showed that the 229-nm CD band of Tyr34, a tyrosine at the interface of adjacent protein dimers, is reversed in sign upon binding to the dsDNA, poly[d(A) (.) d(T)]. This effect is like that previously found for g5p binding to ssDNAs, suggesting there are similarities in the protein-protein interactions when g5p binds to dsDNA and ssDNA. However, there are differences, and the possible perturbation of a second tyrosine, Tyr41, in the complex with dsDNA. Three mutant proteins (Y26F, Y34F, and Y41H) reduced the melting temperature of poly[d(A) (.) d(T)] by 67degreesC, but the wild-type g5p only reduced it by 2degreesC This enhanced ability of the mutants to denature dsDNA suggests that their binding affinities to dsDNA are reduced more than are their binding affinities to ssDNA. Finally, we present evidence that when poly[d(A) (.) d(T)] is melted in the presence of the wild-type, Y26F, or Y34F proteins, the poly[d(A)] and poly[d(T)] strands are separately sequestered such that renaturation of the duplex is facilitated in 2 mM Na+. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Mail Stop FO31,POB 830688, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 FU PHS HHS [R01 38714] NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD DEC PY 2003 VL 70 IS 4 BP 637 EP 648 DI 10.1002/bip.10500 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 750RB UT WOS:000187010100020 PM 14648774 ER PT J AU Burr, DB Miller, L Grynpas, M Li, JL Boyde, A Mashiba, T Hirano, T Johnston, CC AF Burr, DB Miller, L Grynpas, M Li, JL Boyde, A Mashiba, T Hirano, T Johnston, CC TI Tissue mineralization is increased following 1-year treatment with high doses of bisphosphonates in dogs SO BONE LA English DT Article DE bisphosphonates; mineralization; microdamage; osteoporosis ID SUPPRESSED BONE TURNOVER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICRODAMAGE ACCUMULATION; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; OSTEOPOROSIS; ALENDRONATE; STRENGTH; DENSITY; AGE; OVARIECTOMY AB Suppression of bone turnover using anti-resorptive agents such as bisphosphonates prevents bone loss but also may increase tissue mineralization. This may make the bone more prone to initiate microcracks. The objective of this study was to determine whether suppression of remodeling caused by treatment of dogs for 1 year with five times the clinical dose of either alendronate or risedronate is associated with increased tissue mineralization and whether it changes the nature of the mineral crystal. Thirty-five dogs were divided into three weight-matched groups and treated daily for I year with a subcutaneous injection of saline (CON, n = 12), oral risedronate (RIS, 0.5 mg/kg/day, n = 11), or oral alendronate (ALN, 1.0 mg/kg/day, n = 12). Density fractionation, peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT), and quantitative backscattered electron microscopy (qBSE) were used to evaluate changes in mineral content of bone tissue from the vertebrae or ribs. Infrared microspectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction were used to assess the quality of the mineral and some aspects of collagen structure in the thoracic vertebrae and iliac crest. Following 12 months of treatment, there was a significant shift toward higher density bone in both ALN (P = 0.04) and RIS (P = 0.002) by density fractionation methods. IR, pQCT, and qBSE did not detect any significant differences in mineralization, probably because of their lower sensitivity and/or because of the smaller region of interest they sample. No significant differences were found in the maturity of the mineral crystals or in their length or size. We conclude that treatment for 1 year with high doses of bisphosphonates which suppress bone remodeling up to 90% increases tissue mineralization, but does not change the nature of the mineral crystal. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Biomech & Biomat Res Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. UCL, Dept Anat & Dev Biol, London, England. Kagawa Med Sch, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Kagawa 76107, Japan. Kariwa Gun Gen Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Niigata, Japan. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Burr, DB (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Med Sci Bldg 5035, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM dburr@iupui.edu RI Grynpas, Marc/E-4576-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [2 P01 AG05793] NR 30 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 6 BP 960 EP 969 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2003.08.004 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 756BP UT WOS:000187446200011 PM 14678856 ER PT J AU Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Mielke, CH AF Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Mielke, CH TI Phase diagram of cuprate superconductors at ultrahigh magnetic fields SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on International Superconductors (U-Super) CY MAY 20-24, 2003 CL UNIV CAMPINAS, CAMPINAS, BRAZIL HO UNIV CAMPINAS ID INTRINSIC TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PSEUDOGAP; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; GAP; DEPENDENCE; STATE AB We have investigated the field-temperature (H - T) diagram of the superconducting and pseudogapped states of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y over a wide range of hole doping (0.10 less than or equal to p less than or equal to 0.225). Using interlayer tunneling transport in magnetic fields up to 60 T to probe the density-of states (DOS) depletion at low excitation energies we mapped the pseudogap closing field H-pg. We found that H-pg and the pseudogap onset temperature T* are related via a Zeeman relation gmu(B)H(pg) approximate to k(B)T*, irrespective of whether the magnetic field is applied along the c-axis or parallel to CuO2 planes. In contrast to large anisotropy of the superconducting state, the field anisotropy of H-pg is due solely to the g-factor. Our findings indicate that the pseudogap, is of singlet-spin origin, consistent with models based on doped Mott insulator. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008; Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924; Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0103-9733 EI 1678-4448 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 671 EP 674 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332003000400006 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 754ZT UT WOS:000187363900006 ER PT J AU Andrade, S Fonseca, FC Jardim, RF Bossi, I Torikachvili, MS Lacerda, AH Ben-Dor, L AF Andrade, S Fonseca, FC Jardim, RF Bossi, I Torikachvili, MS Lacerda, AH Ben-Dor, L TI Superconductivity in magnetically ordered Ru1-xIrxSr2GdCu2O8 compounds SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on International Superconductors (U-Super) CY MAY 20-24, 2003 CL UNIV CAMPINAS, CAMPINAS, BRAZIL HO UNIV CAMPINAS ID RUSR2GDCU2O8; GD; FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETIZATION; COEXISTENCE; TRANSPORT AB We have performed a systematic study of the structural, transport, and magnetic properties of polycrystalline samples of the magnetic superconductors Ru1-xIrxSr2GdCu2O8; x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15. The samples were prepared by solid state reaction and sintered at 1060 degreesC for 72 h under O-2 flow. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all samples are nearly single phase and that the lattice parameters are independent of Ir content. Transport properties measurements revealed that the Ru substitution by Ir results in a decrease of T-c,T-onset from similar to 50 K (x = 0) to similar to 30 K (x = 0.10). Further addition of Ir (x > 0.10) causes an evolution from metallic to nonmetallic behavior of rho(T). We have also found that magnetic order develops in the undoped Ru-1212 materials near T-M similar to 130 K. This temperature decreases linearly with increasing Ir content at the rate of similar to -1.6 K / Ir at.%, suggesting that Ir effectively substitutes Ru in the RuO planes. A subtle drop in p(T) is observed close to T-M, probably due to the suppression of the spin-flip scattering. The magnetoresistivity measurements revealed that the temperature Tc,zero, in which rho(T) similar to 0, decreases rapidly for low applied magnetic fields (H < 2 T), and that this drop becomes much less pronounced in higher magnetic fields (2 < H < 18 T). The appreciable broadening of rho(T) curves at low magnetic fields is reminiscent of the behavior in high-T-c materials showing granular behavior, as for example in Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4-y. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Andrade, S (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Jardim, Renato/J-8068-2014; Fonseca, Fabio/C-8361-2009 OI Jardim, Renato/0000-0002-2000-0257; Fonseca, Fabio/0000-0003-0708-2021 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 686 EP 689 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332003000400009 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 754ZT UT WOS:000187363900009 ER PT J AU MacCracken, MC Barron, EJ Easterling, DR Felzer, BS Karl, TR AF MacCracken, MC Barron, EJ Easterling, DR Felzer, BS Karl, TR TI Climate change scenarios for the US National Assessment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; UNCERTAINTY; IPCC AB In support of the U.S. National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, climate scenarios were prepared to serve as the basis for evaluating the vulnerability of environmental and societal systems to changes projected for the twenty-first century. Since publication of the results of the assessment at the end of 2000, the National Research Council's report Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, and the U.S. government's U.S. Climate Action Report-2002 have both relied on the assessment's findings. Because of the importance of these findings, it is important to directly address questions regarding the representativeness and usefulness of the model-based projections on which the findings were based. In particular, criticisms have focused on whether the climate models that were relied upon adequately represented twentieth-century conditions and whether their projections of conditions for the twenty-first century were outliers. Reexamination of the approach used in developing and evaluating the climate scenarios indicates that the results from the two. primary climate modeling groups that were relied upon allowed the generation of climate scenarios that span much of the range of possible future climatic conditions projected by the larger set of model simulations, which was compiled for the IPCC's Third Assessment Report. With the set of models showing increasing agreement in their simulations of twentieth-century trends in climate and of projected changes in climate on subcontinental to continental scales, the climate scenarios that were generated seem likely to provide a plausible representation of the types of climatic conditions that could be experienced during the twenty-first century. Warming, reduced snow cover, and more intense heavy precipitation events were projected by ail models, suggesting such changes are quite likely. However, significant differences remain in the projection of changes in precipitation and of the regional departures in climate from the larger-scale patterns. For this reason, evaluating potential impacts using climate scenarios based on models exhibiting different regional responses is a necessary step to ensuring a representative analysis. Utilizing an even more encompassing set of scenarios in the future could help move from mainly qualitative toward more certain and quantitative conclusions. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NOAA, Natl Climate Date Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP MacCracken, MC (reprint author), 6308 Berkshire Dr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1711 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-12-1711 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 758YD UT WOS:000187678900027 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, JLV AF Lewandowski, JLV TI Collisional drift waves in stellarator plasmas SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB A computational study of resistive drift waves in the edge plasma of a stellarator with an helical magnetic axis is presented. Three coupled field equations, describing the collisional drift-wave dynamics in the linear approximation, are solved as an initial-value problem along the magnetic field line. The magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium is obtained from a three-dimensional local equilibrium model. The use of a local magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium model allows for a computationally efficient systematic study of the impact of the magnetic field structure on drift-wave stability. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lewandowski, JLV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jlewando@pppl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1309 EP 1330 DI 10.1139/P03-108 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 774WX UT WOS:000189010300002 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, JLV AF Lewandowski, JLV TI Strange attractors in drift wave turbulence SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC FLOWS; DIMENSION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; PLASMA; MICROTURBULENCE; ALGORITHM AB A multigrid particle-in-cell algorithm for a shearless slab drift wave model with kinetic electrons is presented. The algorithm, which is based on an exact separation of adiabatic and nonadiabatic electron responses, is used to investigate the presence of strange attractors in drift-wave turbulence. Although the simulation model has a large number of degrees of freedom, it is found that the strange attractor is low dimensional and that it is strongly affected by dissipative (collisional) effects. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lewandowski, JLV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jlewando@pppl.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1331 EP 1341 DI 10.1139/P03-109 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 774WX UT WOS:000189010300003 ER PT J AU Martin, EA Brown, K Gaskell, M Al-Azzawi, F Garner, RC Boocock, DJ Mattock, E Pring, DW Dingley, K Turteltaub, KW Smith, LL White, INH AF Martin, EA Brown, K Gaskell, M Al-Azzawi, F Garner, RC Boocock, DJ Mattock, E Pring, DW Dingley, K Turteltaub, KW Smith, LL White, INH TI Tamoxifen DNA damage detected in human endometrium using accelerator mass spectrometry SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH; LIVER DNA; ADDUCTS; RAT; BINDING; PREVENTION; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE; RODENTS AB This study was aimed to establish whether tamoxifen binds irreversibly to uterine DNA when given to women. Patients were given a single therapeutic dose of [C-14]tamoxifen citrate orally (20 mg, 0.37 or 1.85 MBq) similar to18 h prior to hysterectomy or breast surgery. Nonmalignant uterine tissue was separated into myometrium and endometrium. DNA and protein were isolated and bound radiolabel determined by the sensitive technique of accelerator mass spectrometry. Levels of irreversible DNA binding of tamoxifen in the endometrium of treated patients were 237 +/- 77 adducts/10(12) nucleotides (mean +/- SE, n = 10). In myometrial tissues, a similar extent of DNA binding was detected (492 +/- 112 adducts/ 10(12) nucleotides). Binding of tamoxifen to endometrial and myometrial proteins was 10 +/- 3 and 20 +/- 4 fmol/mg, respectively. In breast tissue, sufficient DNA could not be extracted but protein binding was an order of magnitude higher than that seen with endometrial proteins (358 +/- 81 fmol/mg). These results demonstrate that after oral administration, tamoxifen forms adducts in human uterine DNA but at low numbers relative to those previously reported in women after long-term tamoxifen treatment where levels, when detected, ranged from 15,000 to 130,000 adducts/10(12) nucleotides. Our findings support the hypothesis that the low level of DNA adducts in human uterus is unlikely to be involved with endometrial cancer development. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. York Dist Gen Hosp, York, N Yorkshire, England. Univ York, Dept Biol, Jack Birch Unit Environm Carcinogenesis, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Leicester, MRC, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Leicester, Leics, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Leicester, Leics, England. Univ Leicester, Canc Biomarkers & Prevent Grp, Leicester, Leics, England. RP Martin, EA (reprint author), AstraZeneca, Genet Toxicol Dept, Safety Assessment UK, Alderley Pk, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, Cheshire, England. RI Boocock, David/I-4666-2015 OI Boocock, David/0000-0002-7333-3549 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR13461] NR 36 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 23 BP 8461 EP 8465 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 756DQ UT WOS:000187450900056 PM 14679010 ER PT J AU Han, JL Hankinson, SE De Vivo, I Spiegelman, D Tamimi, RM Mohrenweiser, HW Colditz, GA Hunter, DJ AF Han, JL Hankinson, SE De Vivo, I Spiegelman, D Tamimi, RM Mohrenweiser, HW Colditz, GA Hunter, DJ TI A prospective study of XRCC1 haplotypes and their interaction with plasma carotenoids on breast cancer risk SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA-REPAIR GENES; ACID SUBSTITUTION VARIANTS; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; POLYMERASE-BETA; NURSES HEALTH; POLYMORPHISMS; DAMAGE; HUMANS; SMOKING AB The XRCC1 protein is involved in the base excision repair pathway through interactions with other proteins. Polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene may lead to variation in repair proficiency and confer inherited predisposition to cancer. We prospectively assessed the associations between polymorphisms and haplotypes in XRCC1 and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (incident cases, n = 1004; controls, n = 1385). We further investigated gene-environment interactions between the XRCC1 variations and plasma carotenoids on breast cancer risk. We genotyped four haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (Arg(194)Trp, C26602T, Arg(399)Gln, and Gln(632)Gln) in the XRCC1 gene. Five common haplotypes accounted for 99% of the chromosomes in the present study population of mostly Caucasian women. We observed a marginally significant reduction in the risk of breast cancer among (194)Trp carriers. As compared with nocarriers, women with at least one (194)Trp allele had a multivariate odds ratio of 0.79 (95% of the confidence interval, 0.60-1.04). The inferred haplotype harboring the (194)Trp allele was more common in controls than in cases (6.6 versus 5.3%, P = 0.07). W observed that the Arg(194)Trp modified the inverse associations of plasma a-carotene level (P, ordinal test for interaction = 0.02) and plasma beta-carotene level (P, ordinal test for interaction = 0.003) with breast cancer risk. No suggestion of an interaction was observed between the Arg(194)Trp. and cigarette smoking. Our results suggest an inverse association between XRCC1 (194)Trp allele and breast cancer risk. The findings of the effect modification of the Arg(194)Trp on the relations of plasma alpha- and beta-carotene levels with breast cancer risk suggest a potential protective effect of carotenoids in breast carcinogenesis by preventing oxidative DNA damage. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Ctr Canc Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Han, JL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Ctr Canc Prevent, 665 Huntington Ave,Room 105,Bldg 2, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [1 U-1 CA 83180-03, CA49449, CA65725, CA87969] NR 39 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 23 BP 8536 EP 8541 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 756DQ UT WOS:000187450900068 PM 14679022 ER PT J AU Liu, P Rodriguez, JA AF Liu, P Rodriguez, JA TI Catalytic properties of molybdenum carbide, nitride and phosphide: a theoretical study SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum; molybdenum carbide; molybdenum nitride; molybdenum phosphide; catalytic property; carbon monoxide; hydrodesulfurization ID HYDROPROCESSING CATALYSTS; METAL CARBIDES; CO ADSORPTION; SURFACE; MO(110); HYDRODESULFURIZATION; DISSOCIATION; CHEMISTRY; MOLECULES; TIC(001) AB The control and optimization of the catalytic properties of nonexpensive early transition metals is an important issue in the chemical industry. Density functional theory was employed to study the relative stability and chemical activities of molybdenum carbides, nitrides and phosphides. The results show that molybdenum phosphides display the highest reactivity toward CO and sulfur adsorption as compared to molybdenum carbides and nitrides. Considering the better catalysts, those that combine high stability and a reasonable chemical activity, we observe that the catalytic potential of these systems should increase following the sequence: Mo < MoC &AP; MoN < MoP. An electronic analysis is included to understand the better performance of molybdenum phosphide. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 45 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 64 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1023/B:CATL.0000007163.01772.19 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 751MM UT WOS:000187070900016 ER PT J AU Rogers, RD Knights, JJ Cheeseman, CR Wolfram, JH Idachaba, M Nyavor, K Egiebor, NO AF Rogers, RD Knights, JJ Cheeseman, CR Wolfram, JH Idachaba, M Nyavor, K Egiebor, NO TI Development of test methods for assessing microbial influenced degradation of cement-solidified radioactive and industrial waste SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cobalt; degradation; radioactive waste; waste management; solidification AB This paper reports on the development of accelerated tests for evaluating microbial influenced degradation (MID) of cement-solidified wastes. An existing U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission accelerated test cannot distinguish between degradation caused by biogenic acid produced under optimal conditions in a bioreactor and that caused by active biofilms formed on the waste materials. Nutrient limitations were also observed that would significantly limit the activity of any developing biofilm. Results from this work have shown that it is possible to modify this test to remove nutrient limitations and enable the effects of MID resulting from active biofilms to be examined. Aggressive MID microorganisms can form a biofilm on the surface of cement-solidified waste so that when nutrients are provided the microbes remain active. Elemental mass loss data from exposed solidified waste forms indicate the continued development and growth of microbes on the surface of samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Control & Waste Management, London SW7 2BU, England. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL USA. RP Cheeseman, CR (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Control & Waste Management, London SW7 2BU, England. EM c.cheeseman@ic.ac.uk RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2069 EP 2076 DI 10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00228-x PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 807GE UT WOS:000220489200018 ER PT J AU Carreras, BA Lynch, VE Garcia, L Edelman, M Zaslavsky, GM AF Carreras, BA Lynch, VE Garcia, L Edelman, M Zaslavsky, GM TI Topological instability along filamented invariant surfaces SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; TOKAMAKS; KINETICS; TRACERS; PLASMAS; MHD AB In dynamical systems with a zero Lyapunov exponent, weak mixing can be governed by a specific topological structure of some surfaces that are invariant with respect to particle dynamics. In particular, when the genus of the invariant surfaces is more than one, they may have weak mixing and the corresponding fractional kinetics. This possibility is demonstrated by using a typical example from plasma physics, a three-dimensional resistive pressure-gradient-driven turbulence model. In a toroidal geometry and with a low-pressure gradient, this model shows the emergence of quasicoherent structures. In this situation, the isosurfaces of the velocity stream function have a web structure with filamentary surfaces emerging from the outer region of the torus and covering the inner region. The filamentary surfaces can result in stochastic jets of particles that cause a "topological instability." In such a situation, particle transport along the surfaces is of the anomalous superdiffusion type. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Carreras, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012; Garcia, Luis/A-5344-2015 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636; Garcia, Luis/0000-0002-0492-7466 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1187 DI 10.1063/1.1606611 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 738FW UT WOS:000186276900002 PM 14604409 ER PT J AU Dixon, DA Zhan, CG AF Dixon, DA Zhan, CG TI High-performance computing, computational chemistry, and toxicology. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM david.dixon@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 12 MA 27 BP 1667 EP 1667 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 755AM UT WOS:000187365700048 ER PT J AU Wang, LH Hingerty, BE Shapiro, R Broyde, S AF Wang, LH Hingerty, BE Shapiro, R Broyde, S TI Structural and stereoisomer effects of model estrogen-DNA adducts. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM lw21@nyu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 12 MA 99 BP 1685 EP 1685 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 755AM UT WOS:000187365700120 ER PT J AU Sullivan, EJ Reimus, PW Chipera, SJ Counce, D AF Sullivan, EJ Reimus, PW Chipera, SJ Counce, D TI Effects of mineralogy, exchange capacity, surface area and grain size on lithium sorption to zeolitic alluvium near Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE clinoptilolite; Kd; linearized isotherm; lithium sorption; reactive tracer; Yucca Mountain ID ISOTHERMS; TRANSPORT; SOILS AB The Li+ ion is used frequently as an environmentally acceptable surrogate for sorbing radionuclides in field tracer tests, and experiments using Li are an important part of assessing the potential transport of radionuclides in saturated alluvium south of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the site of a proposed nuclear waste repository. Equilibrium partition constants (Li+ KdS) were measured using batch studies incorporating a wide range of Li+ concentrations and two different grain-size fractions of alluvium samples from multiple depth intervals in two wells. Cation exchange capacity, surface area, bulk mineralogy from quantitative X-ray powder diffraction, and trace Mn- and Fe-oxyhydroxide mineralogy from extractive studies were evaluated as predictors for linearized Li+ K-d values (K-lin) in the alluvium. Many of the predictor variables are correlated with each other and this was considered in the analysis. Linearized K-d values were consistently higher for fine particle-size fractions than for coarse fractions. Single and multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that the clinoptilolite + smectite content, taken together as a combined variable, was the best predictor for Li+ sorption in the alluvium, although clinoptilolite content was clearly a better predictor when the two variables were considered separately in simple linear regressions. Even so, Li+ K-lin predictions based on clinoptilolite and smectite abundance were accurate only to within about +/-100%. This uncertainty suggests that there is either a high inherent variability in Li+ K-lin values or that additional alluvium characteristics not measured or evaluated here may play an important role in simple Li+ cation exchange in the alluvium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sullivan, EJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J599, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 51 IS 6 BP 634 EP 643 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510606 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 756KN UT WOS:000187464400007 ER PT J AU Sedjo, RA Marland, G AF Sedjo, RA Marland, G TI Inter-trading permanent emissions credits and rented temporary carbon emissions offsets: some issues and alternatives SO CLIMATE POLICY LA English DT Article DE biological sequestration; rents; carbon offsets; permanence ID TIME AB Permit trading among polluting parties is now firmly established as a policy too] in a range of environmental policy areas. The Kyoto Protocol accepts the principle that sequestration of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere can be used to offset emissions of carbon from fossil fuel combustion and outlines mechanisms. Although the lack of guaranteed permanence of biological offsets is often viewed as a defect, this paper argues that the absence of Guaranteed permanence need not be a fundamental problem. We view carbon emissions as a liability issue. One purpose of an emissions credit system is to provide the emitter with a means to satisfy the carbon liability associated with her firm's (or country's) release of carbon into the atmosphere. We have developed and here expand on a rental approach, in which sequestered carbon is explicitly treated as temporary: the emitter temporarily satisfies his liability by temporarily "parking" his liability, for a fee, in a terrestrial carbon reservoir, or "sink," such as a forest or agricultural soil. Finally, the paper relates the value of permanent and temporary sequestration and argues that both instruments are tradable and have a high degree of substitutability that allows them to interact in markets. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sedjo, RA (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1469-3062 J9 CLIM POLICY JI Clim. Policy PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 435 EP 444 DI 10.1016/S1469-3062(03)00051-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 758RC UT WOS:000187663100008 ER PT J AU Phan, AV Napier, JAL Gray, LJ Kaplan, T AF Phan, AV Napier, JAL Gray, LJ Kaplan, T TI Stress intensity factor analysis of friction sliding at discontinuity interfaces and junctions SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the International-Association-for-Boundary-Element-Methods CY MAY 28-30, 2002 CL UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN, AUSTIN, TEXAS SP Int Assoc Boundary Element Methods HO UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN DE stress intensity factor; crack friction; modified quarter-point element; boundary element method; Symmetric-Galerkin approximation ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; CONTACT PROBLEMS; HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRALS; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; COMPRESSION; CRACKS; MODEL; ROCK; DISPLACEMENT AB A stress intensity factor (SIF) analysis for two-dimensional fractures with frictional contact (crack friction) is presented. This analysis is carried out using the symmetric-Galerkin boundary element method, and a modified quarter-point crack tip element. As in case of non-contact fracture, it is shown that highly accurate SIFs can be obtained, even with the simple Displacement Correlation SIF technique. Moreover, with the modified crack tip element, the mesh on the crack does not need to be excessively refined in order to achieve high accuracy. This meshing advantage is especially important in the context of the nonlinear frictional contact problem, as the computing time for the iterative process strongly depends on the number of elements used. Several numerical examples are presented and the SIF results are compared with available analytical or reference solutions. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. CSIR, Div Min Technol, ZA-2006 Johannesburg, South Africa. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phan, AV (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4-6 BP 392 EP 400 DI 10.1007/s00466-003-0505-5 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 750EJ UT WOS:000186978100019 ER PT J AU Thomson, J Adams, D Cowley, PJ Walker, K AF Thomson, J Adams, D Cowley, PJ Walker, K TI Metadata's role in a scientific archive SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB The Scientific Archive Management system can grow incrementally, distributes stored data efficiently, and shields users from underlying storage mechanisms. The metadata underpinning the system gives users flexible access to their data and its semantics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 2003 VL 36 IS 12 BP 27 EP + DI 10.1109/MC.2003.1250872 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 751MB UT WOS:000187069900019 ER PT J AU Fallon, SJ McCulloch, MT Alibert, C AF Fallon, SJ McCulloch, MT Alibert, C TI Examining water temperature proxies in Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef: a cross-shelf comparison SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; BORON ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; FLUORESCENT BANDS; MASSIVE CORALS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS; BIOGENIC CARBONATES; SKELETAL CHEMISTRY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; MARINE CARBONATES AB Cores from colonies of the coral species Porites sp. were collected from inshore, mid-shelf, and outer reef localities (central Great Barrier Reef) to test the robustness of the major elemental sea surface temperature (SST) proxies (B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, U/Ca) to the influence of inshore processes. Time series analyses of Sr/Ca, U/Ca, B/Ca, and Mg/Ca are compared to sea surface temperature (SST) in order to provide calibrations for these elements. This study shows that there are significant variations between the corals with respect to some of the proxies. In some cases, variations of similar to6 degreesC are observed for a single U/Ca value. This magnitude of variation is also seen in the Mg/Ca proxy and, to a smaller extent, in the B/Ca-SST relationship. In two of the corals, both Mg/Ca and U/Ca do not follow a seasonal signal. The Mg/Ca and U/Ca ratios for two inshore corals are significantly different than the offshore corals (lower and higher, respectively). The other two proxies (B/Ca and Sr/Ca) do not display any inshore vs. offshore variations except for one inshore site that did not have a clear seasonal signal for either of these proxies. The Sr/Ca-SST relationship is the most robust, with a temperature variation of similar to2 degreesC for a single Sr/Ca value, which is within error for this technique. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; McCulloch, Malcolm/C-3651-2009 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; NR 77 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00338-003-0322-5 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 754QP UT WOS:000187342200009 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ Rizki, A Mian, IS AF Bissell, MJ Rizki, A Mian, IS TI Tissue architecture: the ultimate regulator of breast epithelial function - Commentary SO CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; FLOATING COLLAGEN MEMBRANES; CASEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; MAMMARY-GLAND; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ENHANCER; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; BETA-1-INTEGRIN FUNCTION; DIFFERENTIATED STATE C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57621, CA64786-02, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-04A1, R37 CA064786] NR 79 TC 221 Z9 229 U1 2 U2 20 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0955-0674 J9 CURR OPIN CELL BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 15 IS 6 BP 753 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.016 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 751VF UT WOS:000187109200016 PM 14644202 ER PT J AU Copf, T Rabet, N Celniker, SE Averof, M AF Copf, T Rabet, N Celniker, SE Averof, M TI Posterior patterning genes and the identification of a unique body region in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Hox genes; Crustaceans; body plans; evolution ID ABDOMINAL-B EXPRESSION; EVEN-SKIPPED HOMOLOG; HOX GENES; DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS; HOMEOTIC GENE; BEETLE TRIBOLIUM; CAUDAL HOMOLOG; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; LOCUST SCHISTOCERCA; HOMEOBOX GENES AB All arthropods share the same basic set of Hox genes, although the expression of these genes differs among divergent groups. In the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, their expression is limited to the head, thoracic/trunk and genital segments, but is excluded from more posterior parts of the body which consist of six post-genital segments and the telson (bearing the anus). Nothing is currently known about the genes that specify the identity of these posterior structures. We examine the expression patterns of four candidate genes, Abdominal-B, caudal/Cdx, even-skipped/Evx and spalt, the homologues of which are known to play an important role in the specification of posterior structures in other animals. Abdominal-B is expressed in the genital segments of Artemia, but not in the post-genital segments at any developmental stage. The expression of caudal, even-skipped and spalt in the larval growth-zone suggests they may play a role in the generation of body segments (perhaps comparable with the role of gap and segmentation genes in insects), but not a direct role in defining the identity of post-genital segments. The expression of caudal at later stages suggests a role in the specification of anal structures. A PCR screen designed to isolate Hox genes expressed specifically in the posterior part of the body failed to identify any new Hox genes. We conclude that the post-genital segments of Artemia are not defined by any of the genes known to play a role in the specification of posterior segments in other arthropods. We argue that these segments constitute a unique body region that bears no obvious homology to previously characterised domains of Hox gene activity. C1 Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, FORTH, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. Univ Paris 07, Dev Biol Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Averof, M (reprint author), Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, FORTH, Vassilika Vouton, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. OI Averof, Michalis/0000-0002-6803-7251 NR 73 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD DEC PY 2003 VL 130 IS 24 BP 5915 EP 5927 DI 10.1242/dev.00835 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 755JQ UT WOS:000187400100006 PM 14561635 ER PT J AU Delplancke-Ogletree, MP Monteiro, OR AF Delplancke-Ogletree, MP Monteiro, OR TI In situ measurement of stresses in diamond-like carbon films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE diamond-like carbon; position sensitive detector; stresses ID CATHODIC ARC DEPOSITION; METAL PLASMA IMMERSION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; ION-IMPLANTATION; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH AB In situ determination of stresses in thin films can be used as an important tool to assist process development as well as to understand the thermodynamics of film formation. A simple technique for the measurement of stresses in growing films is described here. The technique consists of measuring the displacement of a laser beam reflected from the film surface. Displacement is induced by changes in the radius of the curvature of the substrate resulting from stresses in the film. The detector sensitivity at the used wavelength (635 nm) is approximately 12 mV mum(-1), for which our experimental set-up is equivalent to 4 mV murad(-1). The actual data collected consist of the reflected beam displacement vs. time, and provides at any instant the value of the average stress. By knowing the deposition rate, time is directly correlated with film thickness, and the local stress can be determined. Examples of measurement of stresses in tetragonally bonded amorphous carbon films prepared by filtered cathodic arc are presented, as well as how this technique can be used to design the deposition process to virtually eliminate intrinsic stresses. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 53-004,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ormonteiro@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 EI 1879-0062 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2119 EP 2127 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(03)00240-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 757ZX UT WOS:000187609000002 ER PT J AU Pellegrino, T Parak, WJ Boudreau, R Le Gros, MA Gerion, D Alivisatos, AP Larabell, CA AF Pellegrino, T Parak, WJ Boudreau, R Le Gros, MA Gerion, D Alivisatos, AP Larabell, CA TI Quantum dot-based cell motility assay SO DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Article DE invasion assay; motility; metastatic potential; phagokinetic track; fluorescent colloidal semiconductor quantum dots ID BASEMENT-MEMBRANE MATRIX; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; TUMOR-CELLS; IN-VITRO; INVASION; NANOCRYSTALS; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; MIGRATION; RECEPTORS AB Motility and migration are measurable characteristics of cells that are classically associated with the invasive potential of cancer cells, but in vitro assays of invasiveness have been less than perfect. We previously developed an assay to monitor cell motility and migration using water-soluble CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals; cells engulf the fluorescent nanocrystals as they crawl across them and leave behind a fluorescent-free trail. We show here that semiconductor nanocrystals can also be used as a sensitive two-dimensional in vitro invasion assay. We used this assay to compare the behavior of seven different adherent human cell lines, including breast epithelial MCF 10A, breast tumor MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S, MCF 7, colon tumor SW480, lung tumor NCI H1299, and bone tumor Saos-2, and observed two distinct behaviors of cancer cells that can be used to further categorize these cells. Some cancer cell lines demonstrate fibroblastic behaviors and leave long fluorescent-free trails as they migrate across the dish, whereas other cancer cells leave clear zones of varying sizes around their periphery. This assay uses fluorescence detection, requires no processing, and can be used in live cell studies. These features contribute to the increased sensitivity of this assay and make it a powerful new tool for discriminating between non-invasive and invasive cancer cell lines. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Larabell, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Pellegrino, teresa/G-6417-2010; Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM63948] NR 29 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0301-4681 J9 DIFFERENTIATION JI Differentiation PD DEC PY 2003 VL 71 IS 9-10 BP 542 EP 548 DI 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2003.07109006.x PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 757AW UT WOS:000187527500004 PM 14686951 ER PT J AU Zak, DR Holmes, WE Finzi, AC Norby, RJ Schlesinger, WH AF Zak, DR Holmes, WE Finzi, AC Norby, RJ Schlesinger, WH TI Soil nitrogen cycling under elevated CO2: A synthesis of forest face experiments SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; elevated CO2; forest FACE experiments; gross N mineralization; microbial immobilization; soil microorganisms; soil N cycling ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; TEMPERATE FOREST; ENRICHMENT; ECOSYSTEM; FEEDBACKS; RESPONSES; DIOXIDE; STORAGE; GROWTH AB The extent to which greater net primary productivity (NPP) will be sustained as the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases will depend, in part, on the long-term supply of N for, plant growth. Over a two-year period, we used common field and laboratory methods to quantify microbial N, gross N mineralization, microbial N immobilization, and specific microbial N immobilization in three free-air CO2 enrichment experiments (Duke Forest, Oak Ridge, Rhinelander). In these experiments, elevated atmospheric CO2 has increased the input of above- and belowground litter production, which fuels heterotrophic metabolism in soil. Nonetheless, we found no effect of atmospheric CO2 concentration on any microbial N cycling pool or-process, indicating that greater litter production had not initially altered the microbial. supply of N for. plant growth. Thus, we have no evidence that-changes in plant litter production under elevated CO2 Will initially slow soil N avail-ability and produce a negative feedback on NPR. Understanding the time scale over which greater plant production modifies microbial N demand lies at the heart of our ability to predict long-term changes in soil N availability and hence whether greater NPP will be sustained in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Zak, DR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533 NR 28 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 67 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1508 EP 1514 DI 10.1890/03-5055 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758DC UT WOS:000187616400002 ER PT J AU Fair, JM Myers, OB Ricklefs, RE AF Fair, JM Myers, OB Ricklefs, RE TI Immune and growth response of western bluebirds and ash-throated flycatchers to soil contaminants SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE antigen; ash-throated flycatcher; contaminants; immunocompetence; myiarchus cinerascens; nestling mortality; sialia Mexicana; western bluebird ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; NESTLING HOUSE MARTINS; TREE SWALLOWS; BARN SWALLOWS; BIRDS; ANTIBODY; CHICKS; PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE AB During the past two decades, a critical need has developed to determine how exposure to contaminants in the environment affects individual and population processes. In this study, the immunocompetence of Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) and Ash-throated Flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens) was studied on a landscape-soil contaminant gradient at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in New Mexico during 1997-1999. A variety of contaminants (heavy metals, chemicals, insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and radioactive isotopes) range across different spatial scales and concentrations on LANL land. The two species have similar life-history traits, except that the Ash-throated Flycatcher has a faster rate of development and fledges 4-5 days earlier than the bluebird. The number of active nest boxes increased from 1997 to 1998 and 1999 for the Western Bluebird, but not for the Ash-throated Flycatcher. Survival of nestling flycatchers was lower in areas within 60 in of. a potential contaminant release site, with a higher survivorship function associated with boxes farther away. The two species did not differ in their response. to antigens, and there was no difference between locations for immunocompetence for either species. Flycatcher nestlings had a higher average cell-mediated response than bluebird nestlings, as predicted by the faster rate of development of the flycatchers. Phytohemagglutinin response varied between locations for both species. The cell-mediated effects were dynamic in that, in general, the same locations showed similar patterns for each year. Hematocrits steadily increased with age for both species and varied between locations for the bluebird, but not the flycatcher. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Reduct & Environm Stewardship, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Fair, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Reduct & Environm Stewardship, MS M887, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Myers, Orrin/F-1130-2010 NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1817 EP 1829 DI 10.1890/02-5058 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758DC UT WOS:000187616400024 ER PT J AU Hoyt, PR Doktycz, MJ Beattie, KL Greeley, MS AF Hoyt, PR Doktycz, MJ Beattie, KL Greeley, MS TI DNA Microarrays detect 4-nonylphenol-induced alterations in gene expression during zebrafish early development SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zebrafish; development; reproduction; microarrays; bioindicators; DNA arrays; gene expression ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; ALPHA; TRANSCRIPTION; ESTRADIOL; RNA; 4-TERT-OCTYLPHENOL; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; NONYLPHENOL AB Technological advances in the biological sciences have led to a growing realization of the inherent complexity of the toxic actions of man-made chemicals and industrial compounds. An organism's response to toxic exposure is often a complex summation of the individual responses of various different cell types, tissues, and organs within an individual. Furthermore, within a population, various factors including gender, age, fitness, exposure history, genetic variation, and developmental stage significantly affect how each individual will react following exposure. Because of this complexity, characterizing the responses of organisms to environmental toxin exposure is an area of research well suited to the utilization of the gene-expression profiling capability of DNA microarrays. Microarrays are capable of screening large numbers of genes for response to environmental exposure, with the resulting genesets comprising de facto biomarkers for such exposures. In many cases, the genesets described contain response transcripts anticipated from known mechanistic pathways, but in other cases, equally indicative biomarkers may be found that are unexpected. We investigated the response of zebrafish embryos exposed in vitro to the environmental contaminant 4-nonylphenol (4NP). Nonylphenol is one of several alkylphenol ethoxylate compounds widely used in agricultural and industrial processes that have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. By combining data from differing levels of exposure, we have identified a group of genes that appear indicative of embryo exposure to 4NP at concentrations ranging from high near-lethal levels to lower, more environmentally relevant levels. These biomarker sets can be further expanded and adapted for use in environmental monitoring as well as in mechanistic studies of complex toxicological mechanisms during both early and adult developmental stages. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greeley, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Greeley, Mark/D-2330-2016 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Greeley, Mark/0000-0002-6088-5942 NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1023/B:ECTX.0000003032.14044.c8 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 742MG UT WOS:000186521000005 PM 14680326 ER PT J AU Shrader, EA Henry, TR Greeley, MS Bradley, BP AF Shrader, EA Henry, TR Greeley, MS Bradley, BP TI Proteomics in zebrafish exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proteomics; estradiol; nonylphenol; zebrafish ID PROTEIN EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; MESSENGER-RNA; STRESS AB Embryonic zebrafish were examined for changes in protein expression following exposure to sublethal concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and the estrogen mimic 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). Protein Expression Signatures were derived from embryo homogenates by two-dimensional electrophoresis and digital imaging. In both experiments approximately 30% of the proteins sampled were specific to either E2 or 4-NP and about 33% were common to the control, 4-NP and E2. However, of the proteins induced by either E2 or 4-NP, 28% were common to both chemicals at 1 ppm but only 7% were common to both at 0.1 ppm. While there are many proteins that respond specifically to each chemical, relatively few are common to the two chemicals suggesting that the response pathways of the two chemicals are distinct. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bradley, BP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RI Greeley, Mark/D-2330-2016 OI Greeley, Mark/0000-0002-6088-5942 NR 18 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1023/B:ECTX.0000003034.69538.eb PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 742MG UT WOS:000186521000007 PM 14680328 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Liu, P Tracy, CE AF Lee, SH Liu, P Tracy, CE TI Lithium thin-film battery with a reversed structural configuration SS/Li/Lipon/LixV2O5/Cu SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB All-solid-state thin-film lithium batteries were fabricated on stainless steel substrates with a reversed structural configuration of stainless steel (SS)/Li/Lipon/LixV2O5/Cu using sequential thin-film deposition techniques. The initial thin-film battery had a cell configuration of SS/Lipon/Li1.3V2O5/Cu. During the first charging cycle, metallic Li was electroplated in between the Lipon layer and stainless steel substrate to form the anode. As corroborated by ac impedance measurements, the formation of a metallic lithium anode layer was confirmed. These cells were fabricated with a 1 cm(2) active area which delivered a discharge capacity of 43 muAh/cm(2) mum at room temperature and showed a high cycle stability up to 770 cycles at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm(2). (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 6 IS 12 BP A275 EP A277 DI 10.1149/1.1623171 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 740YG UT WOS:000186430300008 ER PT J AU Lee, S Moon, JW Moon, HS AF Lee, S Moon, JW Moon, HS TI Heavy metals in the bed and suspended sediments of Anyang River, Korea: Implications for water quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Anyang River; heavy metals; sequential extraction; stream sediment; water chemistry ID TRACE-METALS; SIZE FRACTIONS; CONTAMINATION; ESTUARY; BASIN AB The objective of this study is to compare Anyang River bed sediments with water chemical composition and to assess the anthropogenic chemical inputs into the river system. Eight sampling locations were chosen along the river channel. Bed and suspended river sediments and water samples were collected, and analyzed for their chemical and physical composition. Data revealed that trace element concentrations in the river water were generally below world average, except for As, Mn, Ni and Cr. Among the three phases: water, bed and suspended sediment, more than 99% of the trace elements was associated with the bed sediment. Concentrations of trace elements in the sediment were a function a particle size distribution and organic content. The calculated degrees of enrichment based on the least influenced sample (ASD 1) indicated the river sediments were enriched with respect to background. The enrichment factors for Pb, Zn and As were relatively lower than for Cr, Co, Ni and Zn. The difference in the enrichment seems to reflect the human activities influence in the basin, and specially for Cd. Speciation of the elements in the five different chemical forms in the sediment by sequential extraction indicated that the reducible fraction was predominant for Fe, Zinc and Cu showed an irregular variation among the different fractions; whereas, Cd and Pb were more regular. Zinc and Cu highly existed mostly in exchangeable forms. Acid soluble and reducible forms were also important for most metals. The speciation implies that the metals associated with the sediment are subject to release into water bodies as goechemical variables ( pH and Eh) change. Currently, the introduced metals are deposited near the source area and are mostly associated with the sediment, implying that the river bed sediment acts mainly as a sink, rather than a pool. The accumulated and enriched toxic trace elements can pose a potential pollution of river water. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Div Biotechnol, Gyonggi Do 420743, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Catholic Univ Korea, Div Biotechnol, Gyonggi Do 420743, South Korea. RI Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011 OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD DEC PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 433 EP 452 DI 10.1023/B:EGAH.0000004567.80084.d1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 744YU UT WOS:000186661100004 PM 14740987 ER PT J AU Chou, CJ Barnett, DB Johnson, VG Olson, PM AF Chou, CJ Barnett, DB Johnson, VG Olson, PM TI Optimizing liquid effluent monitoring at a large nuclear complex SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE effluent monitoring; variability; grab and composite sampling; exceedance probability ID WATER; DISCHARGES; DESIGN AB Effluent monitoring typically requires a large number of analytes and samples during the initial or startup phase of a facility. Once a baseline is established, the analyte list and sampling frequency may be reduced. Although there is a large body of literature relevant to the initial design, few, if any, published papers exist on updating established effluent monitoring programs. This paper statistically evaluates four years of baseline data to optimize the liquid effluent monitoring efficiency of a centralized waste treatment and disposal facility at a large defense nuclear complex. Specific objectives were to: (1) assess temporal variability in analyte concentrations, (2) determine operational factors contributing to waste stream variability, (3) assess the probability of exceeding permit limits, and (4) streamline the sampling and analysis regime. Results indicated that the probability of exceeding permit limits was one in a million under normal facility operating conditions, sampling frequency could be reduced, and several analytes could be eliminated. Furthermore, indicators such as gross alpha and gross beta measurements could be used in lieu of more expensive specific isotopic analyses (radium, cesium-137, and strontium-90) for routine monitoring. Study results were used by the state regulatory agency to modify monitoring requirements for a new discharge permit, resulting in an annual cost savings of US $223,000. This case study demonstrates that statistical evaluation of effluent contaminant variability coupled with process knowledge can help plant managers and regulators streamline analyte lists and sampling frequencies based on detection history and environmental risk. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Fluor Hanford Co, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chou, CJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN,K6-81, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 720 EP 734 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-2684-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 800SA UT WOS:000220046800005 PM 15160897 ER PT J AU Burger, J Myers, O Boring, CS Dixon, C Jeitner, JC Leonard, J Lord, C McMahon, M Ramos, R Shukla, S Gochfeld, M AF Burger, J Myers, O Boring, CS Dixon, C Jeitner, JC Leonard, J Lord, C McMahon, M Ramos, R Shukla, S Gochfeld, M TI Perceptual indicators of environmental health, future land use, and stewardship SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Department of Energy; environmental health; future land use; Los Alamos; perceptual indicators; stewardship ID SAVANNA-RIVER SITE; AMERICAN-INDIANS; RISK PERCEPTION; ATTITUDES; RESTORATION; STAKEHOLDER AB There are important linkages between the health of humans and the environment, restoration of degraded lands, and long-term stewardship of public lands, yet most environmental indicators deal only with assessing the physical and biological aspects of ecosystems. In this article, we examine the ratings of perceptions of several environmental problems for their utility as indicators of environmental quality, and examine perceptions of future land use by people interviewed in Santa Fe, New Mexico, near the Department of Energy's (DOE) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Overall, people with lower incomes rated environmental problems as more severe than others, were more willing to spend federal funds to solve them, and were consistent in their ratings of severity of environmental problems and their willingness to spend federal funds. Cleaning up LANL and other Department of Energy sites, received the highest rating for expenditure of federal funds. The highest rated future uses for DOE sites were for recreation and for National Environmental Research Parks. People with less education generally gave higher ratings to most future land uses for DOE than did those with more education. However, those with higher education gave higher ratings to nuclear reprocessing, and nuclear material storage. Where there were differences, the people interviewed at Santa Fe rated all environmental problems ( except pesticides) as more severe than did those previously interviewed in Albuquerque ( located farther from the LANL site), and they were more willing to spend federal funds on these problems. Ratings for all future land uses did not differ between the Santa Fe and Albuquerque respondents. These perception-based indicators show general agreement among people living close and farther away from LANL with respect to cleaning up LANL and the future land uses for the site. These indicators should be considered by regulators, site personnel, and policy makers in future management and land use decisions. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Myers, Orrin/F-1130-2010 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO5022] NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 89 IS 3 BP 285 EP 303 DI 10.1023/A:1026151432175 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730YG UT WOS:000185857300005 PM 14632095 ER PT J AU Huesemann, MH Hausmann, TS Fortman, TJ AF Huesemann, MH Hausmann, TS Fortman, TJ TI Assessment of bioavailability limitations during slurry biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in aged soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbon biodegradation; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; mass-transfer rate limitation; microbial factors ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MIXED BATCH SYSTEMS; MASS-TRANSFER; COAL-TAR; DESORPTION-KINETICS; PAH COMPOUNDS; CHEMICALS; PYRENE; SEQUESTRATION AB In an effort to determine whether bioavailability limitations are responsible for the slow or incomplete hydrocarbon biodegradation in aged soils. both the rate of desorption (r(des)) and biodegradation (r(bio)) was measured for n-alkanes and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at different times during the slurry biotreatment of six different soils. While all n-alkanes were biodegraded to various degrees depending on their respective carbon number and the soil organic matter content, none of them were desorbed to a significant extent, indicating that these saturated hydrocarbons do not need to be transferred from the soil particles into the aqueous phase in order to be metabolized by microorganisms. Most two- and three-ring PAHs biodegraded as fast as they were desorbed (r(bio) = r(des)); that is, desorption rates controlled biodegradation rates. By contrast, the biodegradation kinetics of four- five-. and six-ring PAHs was limited by microbial factors during the initial phase (r(bio) < r(des)) while becoming mass-transfer rate limited during the final phase of bioremediation treatment (r(bio) = r(des)). Whenever PAH biodegradation stalled or did not occur at all (r(bio) = 0) it was never due to bioavailability limitations (r(des) much greater than 0) but was more likely caused by microbial factors. such as the absence of specific PAH degraders or cometabolic substrates. Consequently, PAHs that are found to be microbially recalcitrant in aged soils may not be so because of limited bioavailability and thus could pose a greater risk to the environment than previously thought. C1 Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Huesemann, MH (reprint author), Battelle Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM michael.huesemann@pnl.gov NR 60 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2853 EP 2860 DI 10.1897/02-611 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 749ZC UT WOS:000186959100004 PM 14713024 ER PT J AU McLeod, KW Ciravolo, TG AF McLeod, KW Ciravolo, TG TI Sensitivity of water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) seedlings to manganese enrichment under water-saturated conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Taxodium distichum; Nyssa aquatica; manganese; growth; biomass AB In anaerobic soils of wetlands, Mn is highly available to plants because of the decreasing redox potential and pH of flooded soil. When growing adjacent to each another in wetland forests, water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.) had 10 times greater leaf manganese concentration than bald cypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Richard). This interspecific difference was examined over a range of manganese-enriched soil conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Water tupelo and bald cypress seedlings were grown in fertilized potting soil enriched with 0, 40, 80, 160 240, 320, and 400 mg Mn/L of soil and kept at saturated to slightly flooded conditions. Leaf Mn concentration was greater in water tupelo than bald cypress for all but the highest Mn addition treatment. Growth of water tupelo seedlings was adversely affected in treatments greater than 160 mg Mn/L. Total biomass of water tupelo in the highest Mn treatment was less than 50% of the control. At low levels of added Mn, bald cypress was able to restrict uptake of Mn at the roots with resulting low leaf Mn concentrations. Once that root restriction was exceeded, Mn concentration in bald cypress leaves increased greatly with treatment; that is, the highest treatment was 40 times greater than control (4,603 vs 100 mug/g, respectively), but biomass of bald cypress was unaffected by manganese additions. Bald cypress, a tree that does not naturally accumulate manganese, does so under manganese-enriched conditions and without biomass reduction in contrast to water tupelo, which is severely affected by higher soil Mn concentrations. Thus, bald cypress would be less affected by increased manganese availability in swamps receiving acidic inputs such as acid mine drainage, acid rain, or oxidization of pyritic soils. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP McLeod, KW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2948 EP 2951 DI 10.1897/02-457 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 749ZC UT WOS:000186959100015 PM 14713035 ER PT J AU Grossman, AR Harris, EE Hauser, C Lefebvre, PA Martinez, D Rokhsar, D Shrager, J Silflow, CD Stern, D Vallon, O Zhang, ZD AF Grossman, AR Harris, EE Hauser, C Lefebvre, PA Martinez, D Rokhsar, D Shrager, J Silflow, CD Stern, D Vallon, O Zhang, ZD TI Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at the crossroads of genomics SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Review ID DOMINANT SELECTABLE MARKER; OPEN READING FRAME; STABLE NUCLEAR TRANSFORMATION; ARGININOSUCCINATE LYASE GENE; CHLOROPLAST MESSENGER-RNA; CYTOCHROME B(6)F COMPLEX; PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS; SITE-DIRECTED MUTATIONS; II REACTION-CENTER; PHOTOSYSTEM-II C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Biol Physicochim, CNRS, UPR 1261, F-75005 Paris, France. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Grossman, AR (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 140 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1150 DI 10.1128/EC.2.6.1137-1150.2003 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 754ZN UT WOS:000187363500001 PM 14665449 ER PT J AU Gregorich, KE Ginter, TN Loveland, W Peterson, D Patin, JB Folden, CM Hoffman, DC Lee, DM Nitsche, H Omtvedt, JP Omtvedt, LA Stavsetra, L Sudowe, R Wilk, PA Zielinski, PM Aleklett, K AF Gregorich, KE Ginter, TN Loveland, W Peterson, D Patin, JB Folden, CM Hoffman, DC Lee, DM Nitsche, H Omtvedt, JP Omtvedt, LA Stavsetra, L Sudowe, R Wilk, PA Zielinski, PM Aleklett, K TI Cross-section limits for the Pb-208(Kr-86,n)(293)118 reaction SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID COLD-FUSION REACTIONS; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; ELEMENTS; FISSION; HEAVY; SEPARATOR; KR-86 AB In April-May, 2001, the previously reported experiment to synthesize element 118 using the Pb-208(Kr-86,n)(293)118 reaction was repeated. No events corresponding to the synthesis of element 118 were observed with a total beam dose of 2.6 x 10(18) ions. The simple upper-limit cross-sections (1 event) were 0.9 and 0.6 pb for evaporation residue magnetic rigidities of 2.00 Tm and 2.12 Tm, respectively. A more detailed cross-section calculation, accounting for an assumed narrow excitation function, the energy loss of the beam in traversing the target and the uncertainty in the magnetic rigidity of the Z = 118 recoils is also presented. Re-analysis of the primary data files from the 1999 experiment showed the reported element 118 events are not in the original data. The current results put constraints on the production cross-section for synthesis of very heavy nuclei in cold-fusion reactions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Gregorich, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KEGregorich@lbl.gov RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008; Omtvedt, Jon Petter/C-8194-2011; Folden, Charles/F-1033-2015 OI Omtvedt, Jon Petter/0000-0002-1822-7348; Folden, Charles/0000-0002-2814-3762 NR 41 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10165-x PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 749YJ UT WOS:000186957400008 ER PT J AU Schneider, ML Rast, S Onellion, M Demsar, J Taylor, AJ Glinka, Y Tolk, NH Ren, YH Lupke, G Klimov, A Xu, Y Sobolewski, R Si, W Zeng, XH Soukiassian, A Xi, XX Abrecht, M Ariosa, D Pavuna, D Krapf, A Manzke, R Printz, JO Williamsen, MS Downum, KE Guptasarma, P Bozovic, I AF Schneider, ML Rast, S Onellion, M Demsar, J Taylor, AJ Glinka, Y Tolk, NH Ren, YH Lupke, G Klimov, A Xu, Y Sobolewski, R Si, W Zeng, XH Soukiassian, A Xi, XX Abrecht, M Ariosa, D Pavuna, D Krapf, A Manzke, R Printz, JO Williamsen, MS Downum, KE Guptasarma, P Bozovic, I TI Carrier relaxation time divergence in single and double layer cuprates SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON THERMALIZATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; NONEQUILIBRIUM SUPERCONDUCTORS; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-RESPONSE; ORDER PARAMETER; FERMI-SURFACE; THIN-FILMS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; DYNAMICS AB We report the transient optical pump-probe reflectivity measurements on single and double layer cuprate single crystals and thin films of ten different stoichiometries. We find that with sufficiently low fluence the relaxation time (tau(R)) of all samples exhibits a power law divergence with temperature (T): tau(R proportional to) T-3 +/-0.5. Further, the divergence has an onset temperature above the superconducting transition temperature for all superconducting samples. Possible causes of this divergence are discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Dept Appl Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP NIST, MC 816-01,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM onellion@wisc.edu RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Sobolewski, Roman/A-1979-2013; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 EI 1434-6036 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 36 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2003-00351-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763HQ UT WOS:000188079300005 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stoesslein, U Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Kcira, DK Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stoesslein, U Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Kcira, DK Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of high-Q(2) charged current cross sections in e(+)p deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; LUND MONTE-CARLO; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON COLLISIONS; JET FRAGMENTATION; EVENT GENERATOR; EP INTERACTIONS; E+E-PHYSICS; HIGH Q(2) AB Cross sections for e (+) p charged current deep inelastic scattering at a centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV have been determined with an integrated luminosity of 60.9 pb(-1) collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The differential cross sections dsigma/dQ(2), dsigma/dx and dsigma/dy for Q(2) > 200 GeV are presented. In addition, d(2)sigma/d x d Q(2) has been measured in the kinematic range 280 GeV2 < Q(2) < 17 000 Gev(2) and 0.008 << x < 0.42. The predictions of the Standard Model agree well with the measured cross sections. The mass of the W boson propagator is determined to be M-W = 78.9 +/- 2.0 (stat.) +/- 1.8(syst.)(-1.8)(+2.0) (PDF) GeV from a fit to dsigma/dQ(2). The chiral structure of the Standard Model is also investigated in terms of the (1-y)(2) dependence of the double-differential cross section. The structure-function F-2(CC) has been extracted by combining the measurements presented here with previous ZEUS results from e(-)p scattering, extending the measurement obtained in a neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment to a significantly higher Q(2) region. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622 NR 61 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01363-5 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 752DK UT WOS:000187131600001 ER PT J AU Benayoun, M David, P DelBuono, L Leruste, P O'Connell, HB AF Benayoun, M David, P DelBuono, L Leruste, P O'Connell, HB TI Anomalous eta/eta ' decays: the triangle and box anomalies SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; HIDDEN LOCAL SYMMETRIES; DYNAMICAL GAUGE BOSONS; VECTOR-MESONS; RADIATIVE DECAYS; CHARGE QUANTIZATION; PSEUDOSCALAR MESONS; ELECTRIC-CHARGE; BRANCHING RATIO; STANDARD MODEL AB We examine the decay modes eta/eta'-->pi(+)pi(-)gamma within the context of the hidden local symmetry (HLS) model. Using numerical information derived in previous fits to the VPgamma and Ve(+)e(-) decay modes in isolation and the rho lineshape determined in a previous fit to the pion form factor, we show that all aspects of these decays can be predicted with fair accuracy. Freeing some parameters does not improve the picture. This is interpreted as strong evidence in favor of the box anomaly in the eta/eta' decays, which occurs at precisely the level expected. We also construct the set of equations defining the amplitudes for eta/eta'-->pi(+)pi(-)gamma and eta/eta'-->gammagamma at the chiral limit, as predicted from the anomalous HLS Lagrangian appropriately broken. This provides a set of four equations depending on only one parameter, instead of three for the traditional set. This is also shown to match the (two-angle, two-decay-constant) eta-eta' mixing scheme recently proposed and is also fairly well fulfilled by the data. The information returned from the fits also matches expectations from previously published fits to the VPgamma decay modes in isolation. C1 LPNHE Paris VI VII, F-75252 Paris, France. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Benayoun, M (reprint author), LPNHE Paris VI VII, F-75252 Paris, France. NR 68 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 525 EP 547 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01378-x PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 762QH UT WOS:000187993300006 ER PT J AU Korner, H Sofia, HJ Zumft, WG AF Korner, H Sofia, HJ Zumft, WG TI Phylogeny of the bacterial superfamily of Crp-Fnr transcription regulators: exploiting the metabolic spectrum by controlling alternative gene programs SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE phylogeny; superfamily; regulation of transcription; cyclic adenosine monophosphate; helix-turn-helix; bioinformatics ID AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI FNR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES VIRULENCE; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES 2.4.1; CATABOLITE REPRESSION CONTROL; ARGININE DEIMINASE PATHWAY; DENITRIFYING PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; ENCODING NITRITE REDUCTASE AB The Crp-Fnr regulators, named after the first two identified members, are DNA-binding proteins which predominantly function as positive transcription factors, though roles of repressors are also important. Among over 1200 proteins with an N-terminally located nucleotide-binding domain similar to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) receptor protein, the distinctive additional trait of the Crp-Fnr superfamily is a C-terminally located helix-turn-helix motif for DNA binding. From a curated database of 369 family members exhibiting both features, we provide a protein tree of Crp-Fnr proteins according to their phylogenetic relationships. This results in the assembly of the regulators ArcR, CooA, CprK, Crp, Dnr, FixK, Flp, Fnr, FnrN, MalR, NnrR, NtcA, PrfA, and YeiL and their homologs in distinct clusters. Lead members and representatives of these groups are described, placing emphasis on the less well-known regulators and target processes. Several more groups consist of sequence-derived proteins of unknown physiological roles; some of them are tight clusters of highly similar members. The Crp-Fnr regulators stand out in responding to a broad spectrum of intracellular and exogenous signals such as cAMP, anoxia, the redox state, oxidative and nitrosative stress, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, 2-oxoglutarate, or temperature. To accomplish their roles, Crp-Fnr members have intrinsic sensory modules allowing the binding of allosteric effector molecules, or have prosthetic groups for the interaction with the signal. The regulatory adaptability and structural flexibility represented in the Crp-Fnr scaffold has led to the evolution of an important group of physiologically versatile transcription factors. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Lehrstuhl Mikrobiol, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zumft, WG (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Lehrstuhl Mikrobiol, PF 6980, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 197 TC 244 Z9 250 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 27 IS 5 BP 559 EP 592 DI 10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00066-4 PG 34 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 751CJ UT WOS:000187035000001 PM 14638413 ER PT J AU Gupta, RK Patterson, SS Ripp, S Simpson, ML Sayler, GS AF Gupta, RK Patterson, SS Ripp, S Simpson, ML Sayler, GS TI Expression of the Photorhabdus luminescens lux genes (luxA, B, C, D, and E) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioluminescence; bioreporter; biosensor; lux; Saccharomyces ID RIBOSOME ENTRY SITES; BACTERIAL LUCIFERASE; N-MYRISTOYLTRANSFERASE; VIBRIO-HARVEYI; FUSION; EUKARYOTES; YEAST; BIOLUMINESCENCE; ORGANIZATION; TRANSLATION AB The luxA, B, C, D, and E genes from Photorhabdus luminescens were cloned and functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to construct a bacteria] lux-based yeast bioreporter capable of autonomous bioluminescence emission. The bioreporter was engineered using a series of pBEVY yeast expression vectors that allowed for bi-directional constitutive or inducible expression of the individual luxA, B, C, and E genes. The luxD gene, encoding the acyl-ACP transferase that ultimately supplies the requisite aldehyde substrate for the bioluminescent reaction, was fused to a yeast internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequence to ensure high bi-cistronic expression. Although self-generation of bioluminescence was achieved by the bioreporter, the signal was relatively weak and decayed rapidly. To overcome this instability, a flavin oxidoreductase gene (frp) from Vibrio harveyi was co-expressed to provide sufficient concentrations of the FMNH2 co-factor required for the bioluminescent reaction. Expression of frp with the lux genes not only stabilized but also enhanced bioluminescence to levels approaching 9.0 x 10(5) times above background. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Delhi, RLA Coll, Dept Microbiol, New Delhi 110021, India. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sayler@utk.edu RI Ripp, Steven/B-2305-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Ripp, Steven/0000-0002-6836-1764; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5R21 RR14169-02] NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1567-1356 EI 1567-1364 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00174-0 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 754YX UT WOS:000187362000010 PM 14654435 ER PT J AU Bloch, JCR Krassnigg, A Roberts, CD AF Bloch, JCR Krassnigg, A Roberts, CD TI Regarding proton form factors SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; INCORPORATING CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; DIQUARK CONFINEMENT; CHARGE RADII; LATTICE QCD; PION; NUCLEON; COVARIANT AB The proton's elastic electromagnetic form factors are calculated using an ansatz for the nucleon's Poincare covariant Faddeev amplitude that only retains scalar diquark correlations. A spectator approximation is employed for the current. On the domain of q(2) accessible in modern precision experiments these form factors are a sensitive probe of nonperturbative strong interaction dynamics. The ratio of Pauli and Dirac form factors can provide realistic constraints on models of the nucleon and thereby assist in developing an understanding of nucleon structure. C1 Weierstrass Inst Appl Anal & Stochast, DFG Res Ctr Math Key Technol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bloch, JCR (reprint author), Weierstrass Inst Appl Anal & Stochast, DFG Res Ctr Math Key Technol, Mohrenstr 39, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 EI 1432-5411 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s00601-003-0018-y PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752DR UT WOS:000187132200002 ER PT J AU Friar, JL Payne, GL AF Friar, JL Payne, GL TI Configuration-space-Faddeev Born approximations SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON SCATTERING AB Alternative definitions of the Born approximation and the distorted-wave Born approximation within the framework of the configuration-space Faddeev equations are explored. The most natural definition does not correspond to the Born approximation derived from the Schrodinger equation, even though the exact T-matrices for both formalisms are equivalent. The Schrodinger form is optimal, although it is shown that the differences are numerically unimportant. The DWBA corresponding to the Faddeev equations is not channel symmetric, although numerically this is unimportant for the p-d (Coulomb) case. The place in the partial-wave series beyond which the Born approximation can be effectively substituted for the exact result is briefly investigated for p-d and n-d scattering below breakup threshold. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Friar, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s00601-003-0016-0 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752DR UT WOS:000187132200003 ER PT J AU Amthor, JS AF Amthor, JS TI Effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration on wheat yield: review of results from experiments using various approaches to control CO2 concentration (vol 73, pg 1, 2001) SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Amthor, JS (reprint author), Dept Energy, SC-74,19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 84 IS 3 BP 395 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00058-3 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 755MJ UT WOS:000187406400015 ER PT J AU Kulp, KS Fortson, SL Knize, MG Felton, JS AF Kulp, KS Fortson, SL Knize, MG Felton, JS TI An in vitro model system to predict the bio accessibility of heterocyclic amines from a cooked meat matrix SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ph1P; MeIQx; IFP; HA; food mutagen; digestion ID AROMATIC-AMINES; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; FOOD MUTAGENS; HUMAN-URINE; WELL-DONE; RISK; PHIP; BIOAVAILABILITY AB To understand the impact of variation in digestion parameters on the release of heterocyclic amines naturally formed during cooking, we developed and characterized a model system to assess the effect of amylase, pepsin, and pancreatin on digestion of well-done chicken. The amounts of MeIQx, DiMeIQx, IFP, and PhIP in the liquid portion of the digestate were compared to levels in the undigested meat to determine the percentage released (accessible fraction). Incubating the meat with amylase and pepsin did not change the accessibility of HAs when compared to incubation with water alone. In contrast, increasing amounts of pancreatin increased the accessibility up to 6.4-fold. Comparing the amounts of the HAs in the liquid to the solid fraction showed that there was more MeIQx, DiMeIQx, and IFP in the liquid fraction. In contrast, PhIP was equally divided between the solid and liquid fractions. For all four compounds, increasing the doneness of the meat decreased the amount of the compound accessible from the meat matrix. Our data suggest that bioaccessability of HAs may vary according to the polarity of the individual HAs and also may depend upon the doneness of the meat. These results may have important ramifications for human feeding studies, which assume that the total amount of each HA in the meat matrix is equally bioavailable. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kulp, KS (reprint author), Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1R21CA94709-1, CA55861] NR 49 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1701 EP 1710 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00197-2 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 739QT UT WOS:000186358500007 PM 14563395 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW AF Milonni, PW TI Comment on Cole and Zou's classical computations of the hydrogen ground state SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE stochastic electrodynamics; semiclassical radiation theory; atomic stability ID FLUCTUATIONS AB The interesting results of stochastic-electrodynamical computations of the hydrogen ground state suggest other numerical experiments that might sharpen our understanding of the differences between classical and quantum theory. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Milonni, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T DOT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9875 J9 FOUND PHYS LETT JI Found. Phys. Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 6 BP 619 EP 621 DI 10.1023/B:FOPL.0000012788.94843.5b PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743ZN UT WOS:000186603600008 ER PT J AU Phillips, N Bond, BJ McDowell, NG Ryan, MG Schauer, A AF Phillips, N Bond, BJ McDowell, NG Ryan, MG Schauer, A TI Leaf area compounds height-related hydraulic costs of water transport in Oregon White Oak trees SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quercus; sap flow; transpiration; xylem ID DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; SAP FLOW; GAS-EXCHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SAPWOOD AREA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FOREST; TRANSPIRATION; PINE; LIMITATION AB 1. The ratio of leaf to sapwood area generally decreases with tree size, presumably to moderate hydraulic costs of tree height. This study assessed consequences of tree size and leaf area on water flux in Quercus garryana Dougl. ex. Hook (Oregon White Oak), a species in which leaf to sapwood area ratio increases with tree size. We tested hypotheses that Q. garryana individuals of greater size and leaf area show reduced leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (K-L), crown water flux per leaf area (E-L), and carbon isotope discrimination (Delta). 2. K-L, E-L and Delta differed between trees of two size classes examined, with 25 m trees showing evidence of lower water flux and carbon isotopic discrimination compared to 10 m trees. Whole-tree water fluxes were smaller in 25 m than in 10 m trees both per unit sapwood and per leaf area, but more so per unit leaf area: 25 m trees had a leaf to sapwood area ratio 1.6 times greater than that of 10 m trees. 3. The findings from this study are unique in that increased leaf to sapwood area ratio of larger trees compounded hydraulic constraints on water transport due to tree height. These results provide further support and generality to the hypothesis of hydraulic limitations to tree-water flux, and show that limitations to water flux are not necessarily accompanied by the structural compensation of reduced crown leaf area in larger trees. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Phillips, N (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 55 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 832 EP 840 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00791.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 752UE UT WOS:000187184900014 ER PT J AU Bittner, DN Collins, GW Sater, JD AF Bittner, DN Collins, GW Sater, JD TI Generating low-temperature layers with infrared heating SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared heating; cryogenics; deuterium hydride ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HD LAYERS; HYDROGEN AB Cryogenic targets for the National Ignition Facility require uniform solid layers inside spherical capsules at temperatures similar to1.5 K below the triple point of hydrogen. Uniform layers have been successfully formed near the triple point. However, upon subsequent cooling the layers degrade. We report here recent attempts to form uniform deuterium hydride (HD) layers 1.5 K below the triple point using infrared (IR) radiation. Pumping the IR collisionally induced vibration-rotation band of solid HD contained inside a transparent plastic shell generates a volumetric heat source in the HD lattice. This in turn allows the formation of a spherical crystalline shell of HD inside the transparent plastic shell. HD layers similar to50 mum thick have been formed near the triple point and slowly cooled 1.5 K under high IR power without layer degradation. C1 Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bittner, DN (reprint author), Schafer Corp, 303 Lindbergh Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 749 EP 755 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 752QB UT WOS:000187177700001 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ Giedt, WH AF Sanchez, JJ Giedt, WH TI Thin films for reducing tamping gas convection heat transfer effects in a national ignition facility Hohlraum SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hohlraum; cryogenic; heat transfer AB The effects of natural convection in the tamping gas in a vertical hohlraum on the heat flow from a frozen layer of deuterium and tritium (D-T) on the inner surface of a target capsule is investigated numerically. The energy released from tritium decay within the capsule is transferred through the tamping gas to the cooling rings on each end of the hohlraum. The thickness of the frozen layer must be uniform. This means that the heat flow from it to the capsule must be spherically symmetric and that the temperature of the inner surface of the D-T layer will be uniform and in equilibrium with its vapor. The objective of this study was to determine the combination of boundary conditions and thin films for restricting convection in the tamping gas, which satisfy these requirements. With the capsule mounted between two thin plastic films, clockwise-flow convection cells form in the upper and lower gas regions. When this flow contacts the capsule, the temperature variation along the inner surface of the D-T layer was as great as 3 mK. This was reduced to 180 muK by introducing thin films to isolate the capsule from the convection cells. Furth er reduction of this value to similar to50 muK was achieved by modifying the boundary conditions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sanchez, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508,L-481,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 811 EP 819 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 752QB UT WOS:000187177700007 ER PT J AU Konev, AY Yan, CM Acevedo, D Kennedy, C Ward, E Lim, A Tickoo, S Karpen, GH AF Konev, AY Yan, CM Acevedo, D Kennedy, C Ward, E Lim, A Tickoo, S Karpen, GH TI Genetics of P-element transposition into Drosophila melanogaster centric heterochromatin SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POSITION-EFFECT VARIEGATION; Y-CHROMOSOME; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; PREFERENTIAL TRANSPOSITION; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; GENOME PROJECT; CENTROMERE; SEQUENCES; REGION AB Hetcrochromatin is a major component of higher eukaryotic genomes, but progress in understanding the molecular structure and composition of hetcrochromatin has lagged behind the production of relatively complete euchromatic genome sequences. The introduction of single-copy molecular-genetic entry points can greatly facilitate structure and sequence analysis of heterochromatic regions that are rich in repeated DNA. In this study, we report the isolation of 502 new P-element insertions into Drosophila melanogaster centric heterochromatin, generated in nine different genetic screens that relied on mosaic silencing (position-effect variegation, or PEV) of the yellow gene present in the transposon. The highest frequencies of recovery of variegating insertions were observed when centric insertions were used as the source for mobilization. We propose that the increased recovery of variegating insertions from heterochromatic starting sites may result from the physical proximity of different heterochromatic regions in germline nuclei or from the association of mobilizing elements with heterochromatin proteins. High frequencies of variegating insertions were also recovered when a potent suppressor of PEV (an extra Y chromosome) was present in both the mobilization and selection generations, presumably due to the effects of chromatin structure on P-element mobilization, insertion, and phenotypic selection. Finally, fewer variegating insertions were recovered after mobilization in females, in comparison to males, which may reflect differences in heterochromatin structure in the female and male germlines. FISH localization of a subset of the insertions confirmed that 98% of the variegating lines contain heterochromatic insertions and that these schemes produce a broader distribution of insertion sites. The results of these schemes have identified the most efficient methods for generating centric heterochromatin P insertions. In addition, the large collection of insertions produced by these screens provides molecular-genetic entry points for mapping, sequencing, and functional analysis of Drosophila heterochromatin. C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, Mol & Cell Biol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Karpen, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Konev, Alexander/J-4401-2015 OI Konev, Alexander/0000-0002-4497-6377 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG00747, R01 HG000747-10, R01 HG000747] NR 66 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 4 BP 2039 EP 2053 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 760HJ UT WOS:000187805300031 PM 14704184 ER PT J AU Neal, AL Rosso, KM Geesey, GG Gorby, YA Little, BJ AF Neal, AL Rosso, KM Geesey, GG Gorby, YA Little, BJ TI Surface structure effects on direct reduction of iron oxides by Shewanella oneidensis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; CYTOCHROME-C; AB-INITIO; HEMATITE(001) SURFACES; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; MULTIPLET STRUCTURE AB The atomic and electronic structure of mineral surfaces affects many environmentally important processes such as adsorption phenomena. They are however rarely considered relevant to dissimilatory bacterial reduction of iron and manganese minerals. In this regard, surface area and thermodynamics are more commonly considered. Here we take a first step towards understanding the nature of the influence of mineral surface structure upon the rate of electron transfer from Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 outer membrane proteins to the mineral surface and the subsequent effect upon cell "activity." Cell accumulation has been used as a proxy for cell activity at three iron oxide single crystal faces; hematite (001), magnetite (111) and magnetite (100). Clear differences in cell accumulation at, and release from the surfaces are observed, with significantly more cells accumulating at hematite (001) compared to either magnetite face whilst relatively more cells are released into the overlying aqueous phase from the two magnetite faces than hematite. Modeling of the electron transfer process to the different mineral surfaces from a decaheme (protoporphyrin rings containing a central hexacoordinate iron atom), outer membrane-bound cytochrome of S. oneidensis has been accomplished by employing both Marcus and ab initio density functional theories. The resultant model of electron transfer to the three oxide faces predicts that over the entire range of expected electron transfer distances the highest electron transfer rates occur at the hematite (001) surface, mirroring the observed cell accumulation data. Electron transfer rates to either of the two magnetite surfaces are slower, with magnetite (111) slower than hematite (00 1) by approximately two orders of magnitude. A lack of knowledge regarding the structural details of the heme-mineral interface, especially in regards to atomic distances and relative orientations of hemes and surface iron atoms and the conformation of the protein envelope, precludes a more thorough analysis. However, the results of the modeling concur with the empirical observation that mineral surface structure has a clear influence on mineral surface-associated cell activity. Thus surface structure effects must be accounted for in future studies of cell-mineral interactions. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Neal, AL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 88 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4489 EP 4503 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00386-7 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 746XB UT WOS:000186772000003 ER PT J AU Snyder, GT Riese, WC Franks, S Fehn, U Pelzmann, WL Gorody, AW Moran, JE AF Snyder, GT Riese, WC Franks, S Fehn, U Pelzmann, WL Gorody, AW Moran, JE TI Origin and history of waters associated with coalbed methane: I-129, Cl-36, and stable isotope results from the Fruitland Formation, CO and NM SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SAN-JUAN BASIN; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; NEW-MEXICO; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; REPROCESSING FACILITIES; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; INSITU PRODUCTION; THERMAL MATURITY; STRIPA GRANITE; SOURCE AGES AB The Fruitland Formation of the San Juan Basin was deposited during the late Cretaceous and is associated with significant reservoirs of coalbed methane (CBM). The purpose of this study is to determine the origin and history of waters associated with the formation, using long-lived cosmogenic and stable isotope systems. Ratios of I-129/I and stable isotope values (deltaD and delta(18)O) were determined in waters from close to 100 wells, Cl-36/Cl ratios for a subset of these samples. A significant group of samples has I-129/I ratios between 100 X 10(-15) and 200 X 10(-15), indicating minimum iodine ages close to 60 Ma. If these ages are corrected for the addition of fissiogenic I-129, they are compatible with the depositional age of the Fruitland Formation (Late Cretaceous). Several sets of waters are clearly present within the data. A group dominated by infiltration of recent surface waters is restricted to the uplifted basin margins, with a lateral extent of less than 5 km from outcrop, and is characterized by I-129/I ratios in excess of 1500 X 10(-15) and meteoric deltaD, delta(18)O, and Cl-36/Cl signatures. The rest of the basin is characterized by several subsets of formation waters which have undergone variable degrees of iodine enrichment through diagenesis as well as variable degrees of dilution. The first subgroup is found in coals of relatively low vitrinite reflectance and moderate enrichment of iodine. This subgroup predominantly consists of entrapped pore fluids, although it may also contain waters which infiltrated the coals at the time of the Laramide uplift, between 25 and 30 Ma. A second subgroup consists of formation waters associated with coals of high vitrinite reflectance. Despite subsequent uplift, the high iodine concentrations and low I-129/I ratios of this subgroup, as well as a moderate depletion of deuterium relative to O-18, suggest that these waters were not significantly altered since the time when diagenetic reactions occurred in the deepest portion of the basin. A third subgroup, with higher deltaD and delta(18)O values as well as higher I-129/I ratios, extends roughly west to east at the New Mexico-Colorado state line and corresponds to a region of extensive fracturing of the coalbeds. In this case, the higher I-129/I ratios are probably due to contributions of fissiogenic I-129 through fracture flow, perhaps from deeper formation waters. Our results do not support models of subsequent basin-wide groundwater migration in the Fruitland Formation. The combined use of I-129 and Cl-36 with stable isotope studies provides valuable information as to the hydrologic history of coalbed methane deposits, as well as their potential for commercial exploitation. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. BP Amer Prod Co, Houston, TX 77079 USA. RockFluid Syst Inc, Plano, TX 75023 USA. Universal Geosci Consulting Inc, Houston, TX 77024 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Snyder, GT (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, MS 126,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Snyder, Glen/E-7873-2017 OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 77 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4529 EP 4544 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00380-6 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 746XB UT WOS:000186772000006 ER PT J AU Lippmann, J Stute, M Torgersen, T Moser, DP Hall, JA Lin, L Borcsik, M Bellamy, RES Onstott, TC AF Lippmann, J Stute, M Torgersen, T Moser, DP Hall, JA Lin, L Borcsik, M Bellamy, RES Onstott, TC TI Dating ultra-deep mine waters with noble gases and Cl-36, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN; RADIOGENIC HELIUM; ARGON ISOTOPES; DEGASSING FLUX; CRUSTAL HE-4; OIL-FIELD; GOLD-MINE; GROUNDWATER; ACCUMULATION; CONSTRAINTS AB Concentrations and isotopic ratios of dissolved noble gases, Cl-36, deltaD and delta(18)O in water samples from the ultra-deep gold mines (0.718 to 3.3 km below the surface) in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, were investigated to quantify the dynamics of these ultra deep crustal fluids. The mining activity has a significant impact on the concentrations of dissolved gases, as the associated pressure release causes the degassing of the fissure water. The observed under saturation of the atmospheric noble gases in the fissure water samples (70-98%, normalized to ASW at 20degreesC and 1013 mbar) is reproduced by a model that considers diffusive degassing and solubility equilibration with a gas phase at sampling temperature. Corrections for degassing result in 4 He concentrations as high as 1.55 (.) 10(-1) cm(3)STP(4)He g(-1), Ar-40/Ar-36 ranging between 806 and 10331, and Xe-134/Xe-132 and Xe-136/Xe-132 ratios above 0.46 and 0.44, respectively. Corrected Xe-134(136)/Xe-132 and Xe-134(136)/He-4-ratios are consistent with their production ratios, whereas the nucleogenic He-4/Ar-40, and Xe-134(136)/Ar-40 ratios generally indicate that these gases are produced in an environment with an average [U + Th]/K-content 2-3 times above that of crustal average. In two scenarios, one considering only accumulation of in situ produced noble gases, the other additionally crustal flux components, the model ages for 14 individual water samples range from 13 to 168 Ma and from 1 to 23 Ma, respectively. The low Cl-36-ratios of (4-37) (.) 10(-15) and comparatively high Cl-36-concentrations of (8-350) (.) 10(-15) atoms Cl-36 l(-1) reflect subsurface production in secular equilibrium indicating an age in excess of 1.5 Ma or 5 times the half-life of Cl-36. In combination, the results suggest residence times of the fluids in fissures in this region (up to 3.3 km depth) are of the order of 1-100 Ma. We cannot exclude the possibility of mixing and that small quantities of younger water have been mixed with the very old bulk. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Geol Dept Beatrix Mine, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. RP Lippmann, J (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. EM Lippmann@gfz-potsdam.de RI Lin, Li-Hung/K-8091-2012; Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna/D-7987-2011; OI Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna/0000-0002-9765-3803; Lin, Li-Hung/0000-0002-0985-1464 NR 93 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4597 EP 4619 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00414-9 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 746XB UT WOS:000186772000010 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Bernatowicz, TJ Lewis, RS Messenger, S Stadermann, FJ Amari, S AF Daulton, TL Bernatowicz, TJ Lewis, RS Messenger, S Stadermann, FJ Amari, S TI Polytype distribution of circumstellar silicon carbide: Microstructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID PRESOLAR SIC GRAINS; GIANT BRANCH STARS; S-PROCESS BA; MURCHISON METEORITE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; CARBON STARS; NOBLE-GASES; CRYSTAL GROWTH; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH AB Silicon carbide (SiC) is a particularly interesting species of presolar grain because it is known to form on the order of a hundred different polytypes in the laboratory, and the formation of a particular polytype is sensitive to growth conditions. Astronomical evidence for the formation of SiC in expanding circumstellar atmospheres of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) carbon stars is provided by infrared (IR) studies. However, identification of the crystallographic structure of SiC from IR spectra is controversial. Since >95% of the presolar SiC isolated from meteorites formed around carbon stars, a determination of the structure of presolar SiC is, to first order, a direct determination of the structure of circumstellar SiC. We therefore determined the polytype distribution of presolar SiC from the Murchison CM2 carbonaceous meteorite using analytical and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High-resolution lattice images and electron diffraction of 508 individual SiC grains demonstrate that only two polytypes are present, the cubic 3C (beta-SiC) polytype (79.4% of population by number) and the hexagonal 2H (alpha-SiC) polytype (2.7%). Intergrowths of these two polytypes are relatively abundant (17.1%). No other polytypes were found. A small population of one-dimensionally disordered SiC grains (0.9%), whose high density of stacking faults precluded classification as any polytype, was also observed. The presolar origin of 2H a-SiC is unambiguously established by tens-of-nanometers-resolution secondary ion mass spectroscopy (NanoSIMS). Isotopic maps of a TEM-characterized 2H alpha-SiC grain exhibit non-solar isotopic compositions of C-12/C-13 = 64 +/- 4 and N-14/N-15 = 575 +/- 24. These measurements are consistent with mainstream presolar SiC thought to originate in the expanding atmospheres of AGB carbon stars. Equilibrium condensation calculations together with inferred mineral condensation sequences predict relatively low SiC condensation temperatures in carbon stars. The laboratory observed condensation temperatures of 2H and 3C SiC are generally the lowest of all SiC polytypes and fall within the predictions of the equilibrium calculations. These points account for the occurrence of only 2H and 3C polytypes of SiC in circurnstellar outflows. The 2H and 3C SiC polytypes presumably condense at different radii (i.e., temperatures) in the expanding stellar atmospheres of AGB carbon stars. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM tdaulton@nrlscc.navy.mil NR 144 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 24 BP 4743 EP 4767 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00272-2 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754NQ UT WOS:000187323600007 ER PT J AU Norby, RJ Hartz-Rubin, JS Verbrugge, MJ AF Norby, RJ Hartz-Rubin, JS Verbrugge, MJ TI Phenological responses in maple to experimental atmospheric warming and CO2 enrichment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acer rubrum; Acer saccharum; budbreak; global change; growing season length; leaf abscission; phenology ID BUD-BURST PHENOLOGY; FROST DAMAGE; GENETIC-VARIATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; PLANTS; TREES AB Evidence that global warming has altered the phenology of the biosphere, possibly contributing to increased plant production in the northern hemisphere, has come from a diversity of observations at scales ranging from the view of the back yard to satellite images of the earth. These observations, coupled with an understanding of the effects of temperature on plant phenology, suggest that future changes in the atmosphere and climate could alter plant phenology with unknown or unpredictable consequences. We assessed the effects of simulated climatic warming and atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the spring and autumn phenology of maple trees (Acer rubrum and A. saccharum) growing for four years in open-top field chambers. CO2 enrichment (+300 ppm) had no consistent effects on the timing of budbreak and leaf unfolding in the spring or leaf abscission in the autumn. Warming (+4degreesC) usually had predictable effects: in two of the three years of assessment, budbreak occurred earlier in warm chambers than in ambient temperature chambers, and leaf abscission always occurred later. The lengthening of the growing season could contribute to increased productivity, although effects of temperature on other physiological processes can concurrently have negative effects on productivity. In 1995, budbreak was unexpectedly delayed in the warmer chambers, apparently the result of advanced budbreak leading to injury from a late-spring frost. Likewise, there was increased risk associated with longer leaf retention in the autumn: in 1994, leaves in the warm chambers were killed by freezing temperatures before they had senesced. These observations support the premise that global warming could increase the length of the growing season. Phenological responses should, therefore, be part of any assessment of the possible consequences of global change, but our results also suggest that those responses may not always have positive effects on production. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Earlham Coll, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. St Olaf Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. RP Norby, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 1062,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 38 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 60 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1792 EP 1801 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00714.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753XZ UT WOS:000187274800009 ER PT J AU Parker, JC AF Parker, JC TI Modeling volatile chemical transport, biodecay, and emission to indoor air SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RADON ENTRY; BUILDINGS; SITE; BIODEGRADATION; VAPORS AB A model is presented for estimating vapor concentrations in buildings because of volatilization from soil contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) or from dissolved contaminants in ground water. The model considers source depletion, diffusive-dispersive transport of the contaminant of concern (COC) and of oxygen and oxygen-limited COC biodecay. Diffusive-advective transport through foundations and vapor losses caused by foundation cross-flow are considered. Competitive oxygen use by various species is assumed to be proportional to the product of the average dissolved-phase species concentration and a biopreference factor. Laboratory and field data indicate the biopreference factor to be proportional to the organic carbon partition coefficient for the fuel hydrocarbons studied. Predicted indoor air concentrations were sensitive to soil type and subbase permeability. Lower concentrations were predicted for buildings with shallow foundations caused by flushing of contaminants by cross-flow. NAPL source depletion had a large impact on average exposure concentration. Barometric pumping had a minor effect on indoor air emissions for the conditions studied. Risk-based soil cleanup levels were much lower when -biodecay was considered because of the existence of a threshold source concentration below which no emissions occur. Computed cleanup levels at NAPL-contaminated sites were strongly dependent on total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content and COC soil concentration. The model was applied to two field sites with gasoline-contaminated ground water. Confidence limits of predicted indoor air concentrations spanned approximately two orders of magnitude considering uncertainty in model parameters. Measured contaminant concentrations in indoor air were within model-predicted confidence limits. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parker, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2003.tb00789.x PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 647TX UT WOS:000181111100012 ER PT J AU Beck, WL AF Beck, WL TI 2003 Elda E. Anderson Award - Presented to Eric W. Abelquist at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society, San Diego, CA - 20-24 July 2003 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beck, WL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 85 IS 6 BP 643 EP 645 DI 10.1097/00004032-200312000-00002 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 744HB UT WOS:000186621000002 PM 14626311 ER PT J AU Buddemeier, B AF Buddemeier, B TI Planning and preparing for emergency response to transportation accidents involving radioactive material SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Buddemeier, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-171,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 85 IS 6 BP 761 EP 761 DI 10.1097/00004032-200312000-00024 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 744HB UT WOS:000186621000021 ER PT J AU Perelson, AS Ribeiro, RM Layden-Almer, JE Layden, TJ AF Perelson, AS Ribeiro, RM Layden-Almer, JE Layden, TJ TI Viral kinetics and hepatitis C - Reply SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; VIRUS TREATMENT; INTERFERON; CLEARANCE; RIBAVIRIN; HIV-1 C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1588 EP 1589 DI 10.1016/j.hep.2003.10.002 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 751BC UT WOS:000187032100030 ER PT J AU Ablett, JM Kao, CC Shieh, SR Mao, HK Croft, M Tyson, TA AF Ablett, JM Kao, CC Shieh, SR Mao, HK Croft, M Tyson, TA TI High-pressure X-ray near-edge absorption study of thallium rhenium oxide up to 10.86 GPa SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption; thallium rhenium oxide ID INDUCED STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS; INDUCED PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; SYNCHROTRON LIGHT-SOURCE; IN-VACUUM UNDULATOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN; PBWO4; DIFFRACTION; TLREO4; SCHEELITE AB High-pressure X-ray near-edge absorption measurements have been performed on thallium rhenium oxide (TlReO4) tip to 10.86 GPa at room temperature and in a diamond-anvil cell. At similar to10 GPa, TlReO4 undergoes a large volume collapse and a striking optical transition, changing from transparent to opaque. A model has been proposed by Jayaraman et al that the high-pressure phase transition is associated with a charge transfer from the thallium to rhenium. atom; Tl1+(Re7+ O-4)(-1) --> Tl3+(Re5+ O-4)(-3) and an accompanying truly octahedral coordination of the rhenium atom with respect to the surrounding oxygen cage. In this article, we find a significant broadening of similar to 1.5 eV of the white-line feature at the rhenium L-3(2p(3/2) --> 5d) absorption-edge above this transition, and no evidence for the proposed valence change. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Bldg 725D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jablett@bnl.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 4 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1080/08957950310001615839 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 764NK UT WOS:000188212800010 ER PT J AU Jones, DS AF Jones, DS TI The use of background data in risk assessments: Introductory comments SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Ecol Risk Team, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, DS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Ecol Risk Team, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1595 EP 1597 DI 10.1080/10807030390260209 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758VX UT WOS:000187673100003 ER PT J AU Jamasbi, RJ Stoner, GD Foote, LJ Lankford, TK Davern, S Kennel, SJ AF Jamasbi, RJ Stoner, GD Foote, LJ Lankford, TK Davern, S Kennel, SJ TI A monoclonal antibody to a carbohydrate epitope expressed on glycolipid and on alpha(3)beta(1) integrin on human esophageal carcinoma SO HYBRIDOMA AND HYBRIDOMICS LA English DT Article ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; CANCER-CELLS; LINES; METASTASIS; ANTIGEN; GLYCOPROTEINS; GLYCOSYLATION; GANGLIOSIDES; MALIGNANCY; MELANOMA AB A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb-9) produced by immunization with a human esophageal carcinoma cell line, TE-2 ( derived from undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma) reacted specifically with about 30% of esophageal carcinoma cell lines and tissue sections from clinical samples. MAb-9 showed minimal reactivity with normal esophageal tissue. I-125, fluorescent or gold particle labeled MAb-9 bound to TE-2 cell surfaces. I-125-radiolabeled MAb-9 was used to detect reactive material from cell extracts in Western blot. Treatment of TE-2 membrane proteins with neuraminidase, N-glycanase or O-glycanase reduced antigen detection. Treatment of cells with periodic acid destroyed antibody binding in ELISA. Lipid extracts from cell membranes, containing glycolipids, also reacted with MAb-9. MAb-9 was used to purify target antigen from detergent solubilized membrane proteins and the prominent bands from subsequent gel electrophoresis were trypsin digested and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Peptides from alpha(3) and beta(1) integrin chains were identified. These data indicate that alpha(3)beta(1) integrin is prominently expressed on certain esophageal carcinomas and that a specific carbohydrate unit is selectively displayed on the alpha(3) integrin subunit as well as on glycolipid on the cell surface. The alpha(3)beta(1) integrin expressed on A-431 carcinoma cells does not display this carbohydrate epitope and is not detected by MAb-9. Thus, expression of the carbohydrate epitope is the basis for the tumor selective reaction of MAb-9 with a subset of esophageal carcinomas. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Publ & Allied Hlth, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Jamasbi, RJ (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Publ & Allied Hlth, 504 Life Sci Bldg, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 83707-01A2] NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA HYBRIDOM JI Hybrid. Hybridomics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1089/153685903771797066 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 756FT UT WOS:000187455700003 PM 14683596 ER PT J AU Moysey, S Davis, SN Zreda, M Cecil, LD AF Moysey, S Davis, SN Zreda, M Cecil, LD TI The distribution of meteoric Cl-36/Cl in the United States: a comparison of models SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC METEORITES; SOUTHERN MARYLAND; CHLORINE 36; GROUNDWATER; ICE; PRECIPITATION; DEPOSITION; HYDROLOGY; AQUIFER; FALLOUT AB The natural distribution of Cl-36/Cl in groundwater across the continental United States has recently been reported by Davis et al. (2003). In this paper, the large-scale processes and atmospheric sources of Cl-36 and chloride responsible for controlling the observed Cl-36/Cl distribution are discussed. The dominant process that affects Cl-36/Cl in meteoric groundwater at the continental scale is the fallout of stable chloride from the atmosphere, which is mainly derived from oceanic sources. Atmospheric circulation transports marine chloride to the continental interior, where distance from the coast, topography, and wind patterns define the chloride distribution. The only major deviation from this pattern is observed in northern Utah and southern Idaho where it is inferred that a continental source of chloride exists in the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. In contrast to previous studies, the atmospheric flux of Cl-36 to the land surface was found to be approximately constant over the United States, without a strong correlation between local Cl-36 fallout and annual precipitation. However, the correlation between these variables was significantly improved (R-2=0.15 to R-2=0.55) when data from the southeastern USA, which presumably have lower than average atmospheric Cl-36 concentrations, were excluded. The total mean flux of Cl-36 over the continental United States and total global mean flux of Cl-36 are calculated to be 30.5+/-7.0 and 19.6+/-4.5 atoms m(-2) s(-1), respectively. The Cl-36/Cl distribution calculated by Bentley et al. (1986) underestimates the magnitude and variability observed for the measured Cl-36/Cl distribution across the continental United States. The model proposed by Hainsworth (1994) provides the best overall fit to the observed Cl-36/Cl distribution in this study. A process-oriented model by Phillips (2000) generally overestimates Cl-36/Cl in most parts of the country and has several significant local departures from the empirical data. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Moysey, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM moysey@pangea.stanford.edu RI Moysey, Stephen/H-4658-2012 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 11 IS 6 BP 615 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s10040-003-0287-z PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 752DQ UT WOS:000187132100002 ER PT J AU Gibbard, SG de Pater, I Roe, HG Martin, S Macintosh, BA Max, CE AF Gibbard, SG de Pater, I Roe, HG Martin, S Macintosh, BA Max, CE TI The altitude of Neptune cloud features from high-spatial-resolution near-infrared spectra SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Neptune, atmosphere; infrared observations ID COORDINATED 1996 HST; TELESCOPE ADAPTIVE OPTICS; KECK TELESCOPE; ABSORPTION SPECTRA; H-2-HE PAIRS; DARK SPOTS; TEMPERATURES; ATMOSPHERE; METHANE; CIRCULATION AB We report on observations of Neptune from the 10-meter W.M. Keck II Telescope on June 17-18 (UT) 2000 and August 2-3 (UT) 2002 using the adaptive optics (AO) system to obtain a spatial resolution of 0.06 arcseconds. With this spatial resolution we can obtain spectra of individual bright features on the disk of Neptune in a filter centered near 2 microns. The use of a gas-only, simple reflecting layer radiative transfer model allows us to estimate the best fit altitudes of 18 bright features seen on these 4 nights and to set a constraint on the fraction of hydrogen in ortho/para equilibrium. On these nights there were three main types of features observed: northem hemisphere features in the range from +30 to -45 degrees; southern hemisphere features in the range from -30 to -50 degrees; and small southern features at -70 degrees. We find that the altitudes of the northern features are in the range from 0.023-0.064 bar, which places them in Neptune's stratosphere. Southern features at -30 to -50 degrees are mainly at altitudes from 0.10 to 0.14 bars. The small features at -70 degrees are somewhat deeper in the upper troposphere, at 0.17 and 0.27 bars. This pattern of features located at higher altitudes in the northern hemisphere and lower altitudes in the south has also been noted by previous observers. The best fits for all the observed spectra give a value of 1.0 for the fraction of hydrogen in ortho/para equilibrium; the value of the helium fraction is less well constrained by the data at 0.24. We suggest that the southern mid-latitude features are methane haze circulated up from below, while the -70degrees features may be isolated areas of upwelling in a general area of subsidence. Northern bright features may be due to subsidence of stratospheric haze material rather than upwelling and condensation of methane gas. We suggest that convection efficiently transports methane ice clouds to the tropopause in the Southern mid latitudes and thus plays a key role in the stratospheric haze production cycle. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 94064 USA. RP Gibbard, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sgibbard@igpp.ucllnl.org OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2003 VL 166 IS 2 BP 359 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.07.006 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 753KR UT WOS:000187231000012 ER PT J AU Dickey, FM Romero, LA DeLaurentis, JM Doerry, A AF Dickey, FM Romero, LA DeLaurentis, JM Doerry, A TI Super-resolution, degrees of freedom and synthetic aperture radar SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID SPHEROIDAL WAVE-FUNCTIONS; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; RESOLUTION; IMAGE; UNCERTAINTY; DIMENSION; PERHAPS; TIME AB Super-resolution concepts offer the potential of resolution beyond the classical limit. This great promise has not generally been realised. The potential application of super-resolution concepts to synthetic aperture radar is investigated. The analytical basis for super-resolution theory is discussed. The application of the concept to synthetic aperture radar is investigated as an operator inversion problem. Generally, the operator inversion problem is ill posed. However, it is shown that it is the particular form of the eigenvalue spectrum of the associated operator that precludes any significant resolution enhancement of synthetic aperture radar images. A criterion for judging super-resolution processing of an image is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 150 IS 6 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030701 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 762PG UT WOS:000187990900005 ER PT J AU Sumali, H Bystrom, EP Krutz, GW AF Sumali, H Bystrom, EP Krutz, GW TI A displacement sensor for nonmetallic hydraulic cylinders SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE actuators; coil inductance; displacement measurement; electrohydraulics AB A sensor was developed to provide signals proportional to the position of the rod in a hydraulic cylinder. The sensor has a coil winding in the shell of the cylinder. The sensor operates by sensing the change in the coil impedance as the rod moves in the cylinder. This paper describes the construction of the cylinder and the sensor, and the performance evaluation of the sensor. Several different materials were placed in the rod and tested. For the cylinder tested, an aluminum core provided the highest precision, about 0.38 Omega. The full-scale output was 19.90 Omega over a stroke length of 193 mm. The linearity was about 1.64% of full-scale. Shielding from electromagnetic interference can improve the precision dramatically. A ferrite-cored rod assembly yielded a much greater full-scale output, 1300 92, but exhibited significant hysteresis. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sumali, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 6 BP 818 EP 826 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2003.820333 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 759JV UT WOS:000187735300024 ER PT J AU Day, AC Hull, JR Strasik, M Johnson, PE McCrary, KE Edwards, J Mittleider, JA Schindler, JR Hawkins, RA Yoder, ML AF Day, AC Hull, JR Strasik, M Johnson, PE McCrary, KE Edwards, J Mittleider, JA Schindler, JR Hawkins, RA Yoder, ML TI Temperature and frequency effects in a high-performance superconducting bearing (vol 13, pg 2179, 2003) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Correction C1 Beoing Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Day, AC (reprint author), Beoing Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM arthur.c.day@boeing.com; jhull@anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 3873 EP 3874 DI 10.1109/TASC.2003.821641 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 761DZ UT WOS:000187886100009 ER PT J AU Imbasciati, L Bauer, P Ambrosio, G Lamm, MJ Miller, JR Miller, GE Zlobin, AV AF Imbasciati, L Bauer, P Ambrosio, G Lamm, MJ Miller, JR Miller, GE Zlobin, AV TI Effect of thermo-mechanical stress during quench on Nb3Sn cable performance (vol. 13, pg 1718, 2003) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Correction C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Imbasciati, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ilinda@fnal.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 3877 EP 3877 DI 10.1109/TASC.2003.821640 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 761DZ UT WOS:000187886100011 ER PT J AU Dixon, WE Fang, Y Dawson, DM Flynn, TJ AF Dixon, WE Fang, Y Dawson, DM Flynn, TJ TI Range identification for perspective vision systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE affine system; nonlinear observer; visual servoing ID OBSERVER; MOTION AB In this note, a new observer is developed to determine range information (and, hence, the three-dimensional (3-D) coordinates) of an object, feature moving with affine motion dynamics (or the more general Ricatti motion dynamics) with known motion parameters. The unmeasurable range, information is determined from a single camera provided an observability condition is satisfied that has physical significance. To develop the observer, the perspective, system is expressed In terms of the nonlinear. feature dynamics. The structure of the proposed observer is inspired by recent disturbance observer results. The proposed technique facilitates a Lyapunov-based analysis that is less complex than the sliding-mode based. analysis derived for recent observer designs. The analysis demonstrates that the 3-D task-space coordinates of the feature point can be asymptotically identified. Simulation results are provided that illustrate the performance of the observer in the presence of noise. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Automat & Comp Aided Engn, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Imagery Technol & Syst Div, Technol Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. RP Dixon, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dixonwe@ornl.gov RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 11 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD DEC PY 2003 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2232 EP 2238 DI 10.1109/TAC.2003.820151 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 757TJ UT WOS:000187577300019 ER PT J AU Chylek, P Bore, CC Clodius, W Pope, PA Rodger, AP AF Chylek, P Bore, CC Clodius, W Pope, PA Rodger, AP TI Satellite-based columnar water vapor, retrieval with the multi-spectral thermal imager (MTI) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmospheric measurements; remote sensing; satellites; water vapor ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE; RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROMETER; AEROSOL; INSTRUMENT; ABUNDANCE; AERONET; LAND AB The Multi-spectral Thermal Imager (MTI) has three near-infrared bands (E, F, and G) within the 850-1050-nm spectral range that are used for the columnar water vapor (CWV) retrieval using the continuum interpolated band ratio (CIBR) and the atmospheric precorrected differential absorption (APDA) methods. The retrieved CWV amounts are compared with the aerosol robotic network (AERONET) measurements at the Oklahoma Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and the Stennis Space Center sites. We find no significant difference in the accuracy of the two tested methods. However, there is a considerable difference in the root mean square error (RMSE) for the CWV retrieval over the Oklahoma ARM and the Stennis Space Center sites. The overall RMSE of the MTI CWV retrieval is found to be 13% to 14%. The error is reduced to 11% to 12% for CWV amounts larger then 1 g/cm(2). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Chylek, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chylek@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2767 EP 2770 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.814914 PN 1 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 766KU UT WOS:000188376200008 ER PT J AU Hussein, YA El-Ghazaly, SM Goodnick, SM AF Hussein, YA El-Ghazaly, SM Goodnick, SM TI An efficient electromagnetic-physics-based numerical technique for modeling and optimization of high-frequency multifinger transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S DE full hydrodynamic model; global modeling; Maxwell's equations; multifinger transistors; multiresolution time domain (MRTD); semiconductor simulation; wavelets ID TIME-DOMAIN SCHEMES; MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS; MICROWAVE CIRCUITS; FDTD METHOD; SIMULATION; DEVICES; MRTD; HBTS; WAVELETS; TRANSPORT AB We present a fast wavelet-based time-domain modeling technique to study the effect of electromagnetic (EM)-wave propagation on the performance of high-power and high-frequency multifinger transistors. The proposed approach solves the active device model that combines the transport physics, and Maxwell's equations on nonuniform self-adaptive grids, obtained by applying wavelet transforms followed by bard thresholding. This allows forming fine and coarse grids in the locations where variable solutions change rapidly and slowly, respectively. A CPU time reduction of 75% is achieved compared to a uniform-grid case, while maintaining the same degree of accuracy. After validation, the potential of the developed technique is demonstrated by EM-physical modeling of multifinger transistors. Different numerical examples are presented, showing that accurate modeling of high-frequency devices should incorporate the effect of EM-wave propagation and electron-wave interactions within and around the device. Moreover, high-frequency advantages of multifinger transistors over single-finger transistors are underlined through numerical examples. To our knowledge, this is the first time in the literature a fully numerical EM-physics-based simulator for accurate modeling of high-frequency multifinger transistors is introduced and implemented. C1 Arizona State Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM yasser@SLAC.Stanford.EDU; El-ghazaly@utk.edu; Stephen.Goodnick@asu.edu NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2334 EP 2346 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2003.820160 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 764GW UT WOS:000188200000009 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Pease, RL Maher, MC Schwank, JR Gupta, S Dodd, PE Riewe, LC AF Shaneyfelt, MR Pease, RL Maher, MC Schwank, JR Gupta, S Dodd, PE Riewe, LC TI Passivation layers for reduced total dose effects and ELDRS in linear bipolar devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE bipolar linear integrated circuits; enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity; hardness assurance testing; integrated circuit reliability; integrated circuit testing; mechanical stress; passivation layers; pre-irradiation elevated temperature stress; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation response; thermal cycling; thermal stress effects; thermal stresses ID LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RATE SENSITIVITY; INTERFACE TRAPS; MOS STRUCTURES; STRESS; DEPENDENCE; OXIDES; DEGRADATION; RELIABILITY; FILMS AB It is shown that final chip passivation layers can have a significant impact on total dose hardness. A number of final chip passivation layers are evaluated to identify films that mitigate enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS) in National Semiconductor Corporation's linear bipolar technologies. It is shown that devices fabricated with either a low temperature oxide or a tetraethyl ortho silicate passivation do not exhibit significant ELDRS effects up to 100 krad(SiO2). Passivation studies on CMOS SRAMs suggest that it is unlikely that the passivation layers (or processing tools) are acting as a new source of hydrogen, which could drift or diffuse into the oxide and increase ELDRS sensitivity. Instead, it is possible that the passivation layers affect the mechanical stress in the oxide, which may affect oxide trap properties and possibly the release and mobility of hydrogen. Correlations between mechanical stress induced by the passivation layers and radiation degradation are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Arlington, TX 76017 USA. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1784 EP 1790 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820771 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800007 ER PT J AU Holbert, KE Nessel, JA McCready, SS Heger, AS Harlow, TH AF Holbert, KE Nessel, JA McCready, SS Heger, AS Harlow, TH TI Response of piezoresistive MEMS accelerometers and pressure transducers to high gamma dose SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE accelerometers; gamma radiation; microelectromechanical (MEMS); piezoresistive; pressure transducers ID SYSTEMS MEMS; RADIATION AB Several piezoresistive microelectromechanical (MEMS) sensors are operated in a gamma ray environment to doses of 800 kGy. The pressure transducers and accelerometers are micromachined silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and bulk silicon devices, respectively. Both sensor types experienced similar performance degradation: a drift in offset voltage with a slight increase in sensitivity. We explain the drift in offset voltage for all sensors tested by correlating the change in resistance of the silicon piezoresistors to the formation of oxide and interface trapped hole charges. We demonstrate how these charges effectively reduce the volume for current flow through the piezoresistors due to the creation of a depletion region surrounding the periphery of the gage resistors. Differences in the magnitude of the output voltage drift of the two sensor types are determined to be related to the unique construction of each sensor. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holbert, KE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Holbert@asu.edu RI Holbert, Keith/B-6518-2008; OI Holbert, Keith/0000-0002-2772-1954 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1852 EP 1859 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821373 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800018 ER PT J AU Hjalmarson, HP Pease, RL Witczak, SC Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Edwards, AH Hembree, CE Mattsson, TR AF Hjalmarson, HP Pease, RL Witczak, SC Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Edwards, AH Hembree, CE Mattsson, TR TI Mechanisms for radiation dose-rate sensitivity of bipolar transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE bimolecular reaction; bipolar junction transistor; cracking; dimerization; dose rate; ELDRS; excess base current; hole; hydrogen; interface trap; kinetics; proton; radiation; recombination; silicon dioxide ID INDUCED INTERFACE STATES; LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; HARDNESS ASSURANCE; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAIN DEGRADATION; TRAP FORMATION; BASE OXIDES; BUILDUP; ICS; PASSIVATION AB Mechanisms for enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity are described. In these mechanisms, bimolecular reactions dominate the kinetics at high dose rates thereby causing a sub-linear dependence on total dose, and this leads to a dose-rate dependence. These bimolecular mechanisms include electron-hole recombination, hydrogen recapture at hydrogen source sites, and hydrogen dimerization to form hydrogen molecules. The essence of each of these mechanisms is the dominance of the bimolecular reactions over the radiolysis reaction at high dose rates. However, at low dose rates, the radiolysis reaction dominates leading to a maximum effect of the radiation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1762 1, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Technol Ctr, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1739, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1674, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hjalmarson, HP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1762 1, MS-0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hphjalm@sandia.gov; steven.c.witczak@aero.org RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009 NR 31 TC 62 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1901 EP 1909 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821803 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800026 ER PT J AU Felix, JA Shaneyfelt, MR Fleetwood, DM Meisenheimer, TL Schwank, JR Schrimpf, RD Dodd, PE Gusev, EP D'Emic, C AF Felix, JA Shaneyfelt, MR Fleetwood, DM Meisenheimer, TL Schwank, JR Schrimpf, RD Dodd, PE Gusev, EP D'Emic, C TI Radiation-induced charge trapping in thin Al2O3/SiOxNy/Si(100) gate dielectric stacks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE alternative dielectric; annealing; bias dependence; charge pumping; electron tunneling; high-k; interface rap; MOS capacitor; oxide trapped charge; processing; radiation effects; radiation response ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MOS CAPACITORS; INTERFACE STATES; SILICON DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT; AL2O3; HAFNIUM; IRRADIATIONS; TRANSISTORS; RELIABILITY AB We examine the total-dose radiation response of capacitors and transistors with stacked Al2O3 on oxynitride gate dielectrics with Al and poly-Si gates after irradiation with 10 keV X-rays. The midgap voltage shift increases monotonically with dose and depends strongly-on both Al2O3 And SiOxNy thickness. The thinnest dielectrics, of most interest to industry, are extremely hard to ionizing irradiation, exhibiting only similar to50 mV of shift at a total dose of 10 Mrad(SiO2) for the worst case bias condition. Oxygen anneals are found to improve the. total dose. radiation response by similar to50% and induce a small amount of capacitance-voltage hysteresis., Al2O3/SiOxNy. dielectrics which receive a similar to 1000degreesC dopant activation anneal trap similar to12% more of the initial charge than films Annealed at 550degreesC. Charge pumping measurements show that the interface trap density decreases With dose up to 500 krad(SiO2). This surprising result is discussed with respect to hydrogen effects in alternative dielectric materials, and may be the result of radiation-induced hydrogen passivation of some of the near-interfacial defects in these gate dielectrics. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Felix, JA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM james.a.felix@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 47 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1910 EP 1918 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820763 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800027 ER PT J AU Tuominen, E Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Lassila-Perini, K Luukka, P Mehtala, P Nummela, S Nysten, J Zibellini, A Li, Z Heikkila, P Ovchinnikov, V Yli-Koski, M Laitinen, P Pirojenko, A Riihimaki, I Virtanen, A AF Tuominen, E Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Lassila-Perini, K Luukka, P Mehtala, P Nummela, S Nysten, J Zibellini, A Li, Z Heikkila, P Ovchinnikov, V Yli-Koski, M Laitinen, P Pirojenko, A Riihimaki, I Virtanen, A TI Radiation hardness of Czochralski silicon studied by 10-MeV and 20-MeV protons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Czochralski silicon; radiation hardness; silicon detectors ID CHARGES N-EFF; DETECTORS AB We have processed pin-diodes on Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si), standard float zone silicon (Fz-Si), And diffusion oxygenated float zone silicon (DOF) and irradiated them with 10- and 20-MeV protons. Evolutions of depletion voltage and leakage current as a function of irradiation dose Were measured. Space charge sign inversion (SCSI) was investigated by an annealing study and verified by transient current technique (TCT). Czochralski silicon was found to be significantly mote radiation hard than the other materials. C1 CERN, EP, Helsinki Inst Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven, NY USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Ctr Microelect, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. Helsinki Univ Technol, Electron Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. Univ Jyvaskyla, Accelerator Lab, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Tuominen, E (reprint author), CERN, EP, Helsinki Inst Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM eija.tuominen@cern.ch RI Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; OI Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Virtanen, Ari/0000-0002-6591-6787; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1942 EP 1946 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821405 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800032 ER PT J AU Graham, P Caffrey, M Johnson, DE Rollins, N Wirthlin, M AF Graham, P Caffrey, M Johnson, DE Rollins, N Wirthlin, M TI SEU mitigation for half-latches in Xilinx Virtex FPGAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); half-latches; proton accelerator; radiation effects; single-event upsets (SEUs) AB The performance, in-system reprogrammability, flexibility, and reduced costs of SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) make them very interesting for high-speed on-orbit data processing, but, the current generation of radiation-tolerant SRAM-based FPGAs are based, on commercial-off-the-shelf technologies and, consequently, ate susceptible to single-event upset effects. In this paper, we discuss in detail the consequences of radiation-induced single-event upsets (SEUs) in the state of half-latch structures found in Xilinx Virtex FPGAs and describe methods for mitigating the effects of half-latch SEUs. One mitigation method's effectiveness is then illustrated through experimental data gathered through proton accelerator testing at Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California-Davis. For the specific design and mitigation methodology tested, the mitigated design demonstrated more than an order of magnitude improvement in reliability over the, unmitigated version of the design in regards to average proton fluence until circuit failure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, IRS Space Data Syst 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Graham, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, IRS Space Data Syst 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM grahamp@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2139 EP 2146 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820744 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800061 ER PT J AU Johnson, E Caffrey, M Graham, P Rollins, N Wirthlin, M AF Johnson, E Caffrey, M Graham, P Rollins, N Wirthlin, M TI Accelerator validation of an FPGA SEU simulator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE dynamic testing; field programmable gate array (FPGA); proton accelerator; radiation; simulator; single event upset (SEU) AB An accelerator test was used to validate the performance of an FPGA single event upset (SEU) simulator. The Crocker Nuclear Laboratory cyclotron proton accelerator was used to irradiate the SLAAC1-V, a Xilinx-Virtex FPGA board. We also used the SLAAC1-V as the platform for a configuration bitstream SEU simulator. The simulator was used to probe the "sensitive bits" in various logic designs. The objective of the accelerator experiment was to characterize the simulator's ability to predict the behavior of a test design in the pro ton beam during a dynamic test. The test utilized protons at 63.3 MeV, well above the saturation cross-section for the Virtex part. Protons were chosen because, due to their lower interaction rate, we can achieve the desired upset rate of about one configuration bitstream upset per second. The design output errors and configuration upsets Were recorded during the experiment and compared to results from the simulator. In summary, for an extensively tested design, the simulator predicted 97 % of the output errors observed during radiation testing. The SEU simulator can now be used with confidence to quickly and affordably examine logic designs to 'map' sensitive bits, to provide assurance that incorporated mitigation techniques perform correctly, and to evaluate the costs and benefits of various mitigation strategies. The simulator provides an excellent test environment that accurately represents radiation induced configuration bitstream upsets. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Johnson, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mpc@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2147 EP 2157 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821791 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800062 ER PT J AU Reed, RA Marshall, PW Pickel, JC Carts, MA Fodness, B Niu, GF Fritz, K Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Irwin, T Cressler, JD Krithivasan, R Riggs, P Prairie, J Randall, B Gilbert, B LaBel, KA AF Reed, RA Marshall, PW Pickel, JC Carts, MA Fodness, B Niu, GF Fritz, K Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Irwin, T Cressler, JD Krithivasan, R Riggs, P Prairie, J Randall, B Gilbert, B LaBel, KA TI Heavy-ion broad-beam and microprobe studies of single-event upsets in 0.20-mu m SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors and circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE ground testing; modeling; SiGe; silicon germanium; single event effect; single event upset ID INDUCED CHARGE COLLECTION; LOGIC AB Combining broad-beam circuit level single-event upset (SEU) response with heavy ion microprobe charge collection measurements on single silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors improves understanding of the charge collection mechanisms responsible for SEU response of digital SiGe HBT technology. This new understanding of the SEU mechanisms shows that the right rectangular parallele-piped model for the sensitive volume is not applicable to this technology. A new first-order physical model is proposed and calibrated with moderate success. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. PR&T, Fallbrook, CA 92028 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Reed, RA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM robert.a.reed@nasa.gov; pwmarshall@aol.com; jim@pickel.net; mcarts@pop500.jsfc.nasa.gov; varadmu@eng.aubum.edu; randall.Barbara@mayo.edu; gvizkel@sandia.gov; pedodd@sandia.gov; tirwin@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; cressler@ece.gatech.edu; Kenneth.A.Label@nasa.gov RI Krithivasan, Ramkumar/D-3549-2011 NR 11 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2184 EP 2190 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821815 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800066 ER PT J AU Varadharajaperumal, M Niu, GF Krithivasan, R Cressler, JD Reed, RA Marshall, PW Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Joseph, AJ AF Varadharajaperumal, M Niu, GF Krithivasan, R Cressler, JD Reed, RA Marshall, PW Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Joseph, AJ TI 3-D simulation of heavy-ion induced charge collection in SiGeHBTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE deep trench; DESSIS; HBT; LET; mesh; polysilicon emitter; shallow trench; SIMS; SRIM; UHV/CVD AB This paper presents the first 3-D simulation of heavy-ion induced charge collection in a SiGe HBT, together with microbeam testing data. The charge collected by the terminals is a strong function of the ion striking position. The sensitive area of charge collection for each terminal is identified based on analysis of the device structure and simulation results. For a normal strike between the deep trench edges, most of the electrons and holes are collected by the collector and substrate terminals, respectively. For an ion strike between the shallow trench edges surrounding the emitter, the base collects appreciable amount of charge. Emitter collects negligible amount of charge. Good agreement is achieved between the experimental and simulated data. Problems encountered with mesh generation and charge collection simulation are also discussed. C1 Auburn Univ, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. IBM Microelect, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Varadharajaperumal, M (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM varadmu@eng.auburn.edu RI Krithivasan, Ramkumar/D-3549-2011 NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2191 EP 2198 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820775 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800067 ER PT J AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Schwank, JR Vizkelethy, G Shaneyfelt, MR Baggio, J Torres, A Flament, O AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Schwank, JR Vizkelethy, G Shaneyfelt, MR Baggio, J Torres, A Flament, O TI Charge collection by capacitive influence through isolation oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE capacitors; charge collection; charge sharing; device simulation; diodes; DRAMs; heavy ion irradiation; isolation oxides; MBU sensitivity; MOS structures; SOI technology; SRAMs; transient currents; trench capacitors ID BEAM-INDUCED CHARGE; MULTIPLE-BIT UPSET; HEAVY-ION; SOI TECHNOLOGIES; RADIATION; DIFFUSION; DEVICES; IRRADIATION; JUNCTIONS; MEMORIES AB This paper analyzes the collected charge in heavy ion irradiated MOS structures. The charge generated in the substrate induces a displacement effect which strongly depends on the capacitor structure. Networks of capacitors are particularly sensitive to charge sharing effects. This has important implications for the reliability of SOI and DRAMs which use isolation oxides as a key elementary structure. The buried oxide of presentday and future SOI technologies is thick enough to avoid a significant collection from displacement effects. On the other hand, the retention capacitors of trench DRAMs are particularly sensitive to charge release in the substrate. Charge collection on retention capacitors participate to the MBU sensitivity of DRAM. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ferlet-Cavrois, V (reprint author), CEA, DIF, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM veronique.ferlet@cea.fr NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2208 EP 2218 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821818 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800069 ER PT J AU Castellani-Coulie, K Sagnes, B Saigne, F Palau, JM Calvet, MC Dodd, PE Sexton, FW AF Castellani-Coulie, K Sagnes, B Saigne, F Palau, JM Calvet, MC Dodd, PE Sexton, FW TI Comparison of NMOS and PMOS transistor sensitivity to SEU in SRAMs by device simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE electric field; NMOS; PMOS; SEU; SRAM; transistor sensitivity AB The off-NMOS and off-PMOS transistor single-event upset (SEU) sensitivities are studied in a 0.6-mum SRAM. In some cases, the off-PMOS sensitivity is shown to be similar to the off-NMOS one. This could affect SEU rate calculations. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. EADS LV, Les Mureaux, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Castellani-Coulie, K (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, CEM2, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. EM coulie@cem2.univ-monpt2.fr; sagnes@cem2.univ-monpt2.fr; saigne@cem2.univ-monpt2.fr; palau@cem2.univ-montp2.fr; marie-catherine.calvet@launchers.eads.net; pedodd@sandia.gov; sextonfw@sandia.gov RI Castellani-Coulie, Karine/G-7727-2011 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2239 EP 2244 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821583 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800073 ER PT J AU Boscher, DM Bourdarie, SA Friedel, RHW Belian, RD AF Boscher, DM Bourdarie, SA Friedel, RHW Belian, RD TI Model for the geostationary electron environment: POLE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE electrons; electron radiation effects; extraterrestrial measurements; modeling; space radiation effects; space vehicle reliability ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS AB Two and a half solar cycles of electron outer radiation belt measurements were analyzed. The data were acquired with the full range of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, geostationary satellites, covering the period 1976-2001. Cross calibrations of the instruments were performed amongst themselves and referenced to CRRES observations. A model was derived [particle ONERA-LANL electron (POLE)] valid from 30 keV up to 2.5 MeV, which takes into account the solar cycle variation. In general, lower energy (< 100 keV) electrons remain constant within 20% during a solar cycle, while the energetic (> 500 keV) electrons show variations of over an order of magnitude. It is shown that the variability of these high energy electrons can change quite drastically from one solar cycle to the next. C1 Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Dept Environm Spatial, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boscher, DM (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Dept Environm Spatial, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM Daniel.Boscher@onecert.fr; Sebastien.Bourdarie@onecert.fr; friedel@lant.gov; belian@lanl.gov RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2278 EP 2283 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821609 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800079 ER PT J AU Hoff, JL Townsend, LW Hines, JW AF Hoff, JL Townsend, LW Hines, JW TI Prediction of energetic solar particle event dose-time profiles using artificial neural networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE artificial intelligence; cosmic rays; dosimetry; neural network applications; radiation monitoring; solar radiation AB A set of artificial neural networks has been developed which is capable of forecasting the three unknown parameters used to describe dose-time profiles of energetic solar particle events based on the doses obtained during the early stages of the event. Example forecasts are given for three events: a "worst-case" scenario (4 x August 1972), August 1972 (a two-rise event) and October 1989 (a four-rise event). C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hoff, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Cincinnati Operat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. EM jhoff@oraucoc.org; Itownsen@tennessee.edu; jhines2@utk.edu NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2296 EP 2300 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821817 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800082 ER PT J AU Paillet, P Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Ferlet-Cavrois, V Jones, RL Flament, O Blackmore, EW AF Paillet, P Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Ferlet-Cavrois, V Jones, RL Flament, O Blackmore, EW TI Total dose hardness assurance testing using laboratory radiation sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE charge yield; initial recombination; ionizing radiation; metal oxide semiconductor; MOS; total dose; transistors ID MOS DEVICES; X-RAY; CHARGE YIELD; CO-60; IRRADIATIONS; TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONICS AB NMOS transistors were irradiated using X-ray, Co-60 gamma, electron, and proton radiation sources. The charge yield was estimated for pro tons of different energies and electrons, and compared with values obtained for X-ray and Co-60 irradiations. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Paillet, P (reprint author), CEA, DIF, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2310 EP 2315 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821392 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800085 ER PT J AU Gersey, B Wilkins, R Huff, H Dwivedi, RC Takala, B O'Donnell, J Wender, SA Singleterry, RC AF Gersey, B Wilkins, R Huff, H Dwivedi, RC Takala, B O'Donnell, J Wender, SA Singleterry, RC TI Correlation of neutron dosimetry using a silicon equivalent proportional counter microdosimeter and SRAM SEU cross sections for eight neutron energy spectra SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE neutron dosimetry; neutron radiation; silicon microdosimetry; single-event upsets (SEUs) ID DETECTOR AB A silicon equivalent proportional counter microdosimeter (SEPCM) and 4 Mb SRAM were exposed to eight progressively hardened neutron energy spectra at the LANSCE ICE House facility. As the incident neutron energy spectra were hardened, the lineal energy spectra response from the SEPCM changed both in shape and in the number of lineal energy deposition events per incident neutron. The general trend of the 4 Mb SRAM single event upset (SEU) cross section was an increase for harder incident neutron energy spectra. Resulting dosimetric results were correlated to SEU cross sections. C1 Prairie View A&M Univ, NASA, Ctr Appl Radiat Res, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Analyt & Computat Methods Branch, Radiat Phys Grp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Gersey, B (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, NASA, Ctr Appl Radiat Res, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM buddyhme@hotmail.com; r_wilkins@pvamu.edu; h_huff@pvamu.edu; r_dwivedi@pvamu.edu; takala@lanl.gov; odonnell@lanl.gov; wender@lanl.gov; r.c.singleterry@larc.nasa NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2363 EP 2366 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821604 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800093 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, AB Yudelev, M Lerch, MLE Cornelius, I Griffin, P Perevertailo, VL Anokhin, IE Zinets, OS Khivrich, VI Pinkovskaya, M Alexiev, D Reinhard, M AF Rosenfeld, AB Yudelev, M Lerch, MLE Cornelius, I Griffin, P Perevertailo, VL Anokhin, IE Zinets, OS Khivrich, VI Pinkovskaya, M Alexiev, D Reinhard, M TI Neutron dosimetry with planar silicon p-i-n diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE gamma dosimetry; neutron dosimetry; p-i-n diode AB New nonionizing energy losses (NIEL) sensors based on silicon planar p-i-n diodes of different geometry have been investigated and their response to fast neutron field compared with bulk diodes. The possibility of obtaining a wide range of sensitivities in these NIEL sensors simultaneously with measurements of IEL has been demonstrated. C1 Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SPA BIT Detector, UA-254163 Kiev, Ukraine. Inst Nucl Res, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Rosenfeld, AB (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM anatoly@uow.edu.au RI Lerch, Michael/C-3303-2014; Rosenfeld, Anatoly/D-1989-2014; OI Lerch, Michael/0000-0002-2406-9972 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2367 EP 2372 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821390 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800094 ER PT J AU Griffin, PJ AF Griffin, PJ TI Criteria for the selection of dosimetry cross sections SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE qctivation foil; adjustment; cross section; dosimetry; least-squares; neutron; reference field; spectrum; standard field; unfold AB This paper defines a process for selecting dosimetry-quality cross sections. The recommended cross-section evaluation depends on screening high-quality evaluations with quantified uncertainties, down-selecting based on comparison to experiments in standard neutron fields, and consistency checking in reference neutron fields. This procedure is illustrated for the Na-23(n, gamma)Na-24 reaction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Nucl Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffin, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Nucl Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjgriff@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2385 EP 2392 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821595 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800097 ER PT J AU DePriest, KR Griffin, PJ AF DePriest, KR Griffin, PJ TI Neutron contribution to CaF2 : Mn thermoluminescent dosimeter response in mixed (n/gamma) field environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE dosimetry; fission reactors; gamma rays; neutrons; thermoluminescence AB Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), particularly CaF2:Mn, are often used as photon dosimeters in mixed (n/gamma) field environments. In these mixed field environments, it is desirable to separate the photon response of a dosimeter from the neutron response. For passive dosimeters that measure an integral response, such as TLDs, the separation of the two components must be performed by postexperiment analysis because the TLD reading system cannot distinguish between photon- and neutron-produced response. Using a model of an aluminum-equilibrated TLD-400 (CaF2:Mn) chip, a systematic effort has been made to analytically determine the various components that contribute to the neutron response of a TLD reading. The calculations were performed for five measured reactor neutron spectra and one theoretical thermal neutron spectrum. The five measured reactor spectra all have experimental values for aluminum-equilibrated TLD-400 chips. Calculations were used to determine the percentage of the total TLD response produced by neutron interactions in the TLD and aluminum equilibrator. These calculations will aid the Sandia National Laboratories-Radiation Metrology Laboratory (SNL-RML) in the interpretation of the uncertainty for TLD dosimetry measurements in the mixed field environments produced by SNL reactor facilities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DePriest, KR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM krdepri@sandia.gov; pjgriff@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2393 EP 2398 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821608 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800098 ER PT J AU Shah, KS Glodo, J Klugerman, M Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Weber, AJ AF Shah, KS Glodo, J Klugerman, M Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Weber, AJ TI LaBr3 : Ce scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ce3+; gamma-detection; bromide compounds; energy resolution; rare-earth trihalides; scintillation crystals ID CRYSTALS AB In this paper, we report on a relatively new scintillator - LaBr3:Ce for gamma-ray spectroscopy. -Crystals of this scintillator have. been grown using Bridgman process. This material when doped with cerium has high light output (similar to 60000 photons/MeV) and fast principal decay constant (less than or equal to 25 ns). Furthermore, it shows excellent energy resolution for gamma-ray detection. Energy resolution of 3.2% (FWHM) has been achieved for 662 keV photons (Cs-137 source) at room temperature. High timing resolution (260 ps - FWHM) has been recorded with LaBr3:Ce-PMT and BaF2-PMT detectors operating in coincidence mode using 511-keV positron annihilation gamma-ray pairs. Details of its scintillation properties, and variation of these properties with changing cerium concentration are reported. Potential applications of this material are also addressed. C1 Radiat Monitoring Dept, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shah, KS (reprint author), Radiat Monitoring Dept, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM kshah@rmdinc.com NR 8 TC 142 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2410 EP 2413 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820614 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JC UT WOS:000188838000001 ER PT J AU Alexopoulos, T Avramidou, R Bratzler, U Cernoch, C Dris, M Fassouliotis, D Filippas, TA Fokitis, E Gazis, EN Ioannou, P Katsoufis, EC Kourkoumelis, C Krepouri, A Liolios, T Maltezos, S Manolopoulou, A Palestini, S Petridou, C Polychronakos, V Sampsonidis, D Savva, P Stavropoulos, G Tsipolitis, G Tzamariudaki, E Valderanis, C Wotschack, J Zimmermann, S AF Alexopoulos, T Avramidou, R Bratzler, U Cernoch, C Dris, M Fassouliotis, D Filippas, TA Fokitis, E Gazis, EN Ioannou, P Katsoufis, EC Kourkoumelis, C Krepouri, A Liolios, T Maltezos, S Manolopoulou, A Palestini, S Petridou, C Polychronakos, V Sampsonidis, D Savva, P Stavropoulos, G Tsipolitis, G Tzamariudaki, E Valderanis, C Wotschack, J Zimmermann, S TI Extensive performance studies for the ATLAS BIS-MDT precision muon chambers with cosmic rays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATLAS; cosmic rays; gas detectors; muon spectrometer; particle detectors ID SPECTROMETER; PROTOTYPE AB ATLAS (a toroidal LHC apparatus) is a general purpose experiment that will start its operation at the large hadron collider (LHC) at CERN in 2007. The ATLAS detector is designed to explore numerous physics processes by recording, measuring, and investigating the products emerging from proton-proton collisions at energies up to 14 TeV. High-precision muon momentum measurement (dp/p similar to 10% at PT = 1 TeV/c) over large areas using monitored drift tube (MDT) chambers is crucial for the ATLAS experiment. More than 1200 MDT chambers, consisting of approximately 370 000 drift tubes, will provide a total coverage of 5500 m(2). Three Greek universities have taken the responsibility to construct 130 barrel inner small (BIS)-MDT chambers using 30 000 drift tubes of similar to 1.7 m length that have been quality tested before assembly. The design of the muon drift tubes aims at high detection efficiency (> 95%) and a spatial single tube resolution of < 80 mum. This paper describes the cosmic ray test setup, which has been instrumented in order to verify that the BIS-MDT chamber Module-0 fulfills its design requirements. The analysis of its data shows that the chamber meets these requirements; it has low noise levels, uniform drift properties, good spatial resolution, and high particle detection efficiency. C1 Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15780 Athens, Greece. Univ Freiburg, Fac Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Alexopoulos, T (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15780 Athens, Greece. EM egazis@central.ntua.gr NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2420 EP 2425 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820630 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JC UT WOS:000188838000003 ER PT J AU More, MJ Narayanan, D Goodale, PJ Majewski, S Welch, B Wojcik, R Williams, MB AF More, MJ Narayanan, D Goodale, PJ Majewski, S Welch, B Wojcik, R Williams, MB TI X-ray stereotactic lesion localization in conjunction with dedicated scintimammography (vol 50, pg 1636, 2003) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP More, MJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM mjm4m@virginia.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2495 EP 2495 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.822366 PN 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JC UT WOS:000188838000016 ER PT J AU Peratt, AL Falthammar, CG AF Peratt, AL Falthammar, CG TI Guest editorial sixth special issue on space and cosmic plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Alfven Lab, Div Plasma Phys, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Peratt, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1111 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.822320 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 775AX UT WOS:000189019500001 ER PT J AU Peratt, AL AF Peratt, AL TI In memoriam Grote Reber 1911-2002 founder of radio astronomy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peratt, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1112 EP 1117 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.822321 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 775AX UT WOS:000189019500002 ER PT J AU Peratt, AL AF Peratt, AL TI Characteristics for the occurrence of a high-current, Z-pinch aurora as recorded in antiquity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aurora; high-energy-density plasma; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instabilities; petroglyphs; pictographs; stone-henge; Z-pinch ID MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE INTERACTIONS; PLASMAS; ELECTRODYNAMICS; INSTABILITY; TRANSITION; EVOLUTION; PARTICLE AB The discovery that objects from the Neolithic or Early Bronze Age carry patterns associated with high-current Z-pinches provides a possible insight into the origin and meaning of these ancient symbols produced by man. This paper directly compares the graphical and radiation data from high-current Z-pinches to these patterns. The paper focuses primarily, but not exclusively, on petroglyphs. It is found that a great many archaic petroglyphs can be classified according to plasma stability and instability data. As the same morphological types are found worldwide, the comparisons suggest the occurrence of an intense aurora, as might be produced if the solar wind had increased between one and two orders of magnitude, millennia ago. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peratt, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alp@lanl.gov NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1192 EP 1214 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.820956 PN 1 PG 23 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 775AX UT WOS:000189019500006 ER PT J AU Shin, YM Park, GS Scheitrum, GP Arfin, B AF Shin, YM Park, GS Scheitrum, GP Arfin, B TI Novel coupled-cavity TWT structure using two-step LIGA fabrication SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube (TWT); rectangular beam tunnel; two-step LIGA fabrication AB In order to make millimeter-wave sources practical, improved fabrication methods are required. The use of Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung; German acronym (LIGA) to fabricate a coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube (TWT) is presented. The proposed circuit design will focus on two-step LIGA fabrication and dual in-line ladder structure with a rectangular beam tunnel. The fabrication sequence of two-step LIGA is illustrated and the advantages and tradeoff of this approach are described. Three electromagnetic codes-HFSS, GdfidL, and MAGIC3D-are employed to analyze the circuit characteristics in cold and hot test simulations. Finally, the results from small and large signal analyses are presented to verify the validity of the circuit design. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Klystron Microwave Dept, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. Arfin Assoc, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. RP Shin, YM (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM alcolpeter@hotmail.com; gunsik@plaza.snu.ac.kr; glenn@slac.stanford.edu; bernarfin@aol.com RI Park, Gunsik/A-1415-2014 NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1317 EP 1324 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.820677 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 775AZ UT WOS:000189019700007 ER PT J AU Wohlberg, B AF Wohlberg, B TI Noise sensitivity of sparse signal representations: Reconstruction error bounds for the inverse problem SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive decomposition; basis selection; dictionary; error bounds; inverse problem; sparse representation AB Certain sparse signal reconstruction problems have been shown to have unique solutions when the signal is known to have an exact sparse representation. This result is extended to provide bounds on the reconstruction error when the signal has been corrupted by noise or is not exactly sparse for some other reason. Uniqueness is found to be extremely unstable for a number of common dictionaries. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wohlberg, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal T-7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 3053 EP 3060 DI 10.1109/TSP.2003.819006 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 745KF UT WOS:000186687300006 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ AF Mendell, MJ TI Indices for IEQ and building-related symptoms SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Editorial Material ID OFFICE BUILDINGS; HEALTH; EXPOSURE C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1046/j.0905-6947.2003.00229.x PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 747GN UT WOS:000186797000007 PM 14636231 ER PT J AU Lee, B Critchlow, T Abdulla, G Baldwin, C Kamimura, R Musick, R Snapp, R Tang, N AF Lee, B Critchlow, T Abdulla, G Baldwin, C Kamimura, R Musick, R Snapp, R Tang, N TI The framework for approximate queries on simulation data SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE approximate query; multi-model data reduction; multi-resolution index AB AQSim is a system intended to enable scientists to query and analyze a large volume of scientific simulation data. The system uses the state of the art in approximate query processing techniques to build a novel framework for progressive data analysis. These techniques are used to define a multi-resolution index, where each node contains multiple models of the data. The benefits of these models are twofold: (1) they have compact representations, reconstructing only the information relevant to the analysis, and (2) the variety of models capture different aspects of the data which may be of interest to the user but are not readily apparent in their raw form. To be able to deal with the data interactively, AQSim allows the scientist to make an informed tradeoff between query response accuracy and time. In this paper, we present the framework of AQSim with a focus on its architectural design. We also show the results from an initial proof-of-concept prototype developed at LLNL. The presented framework is generic enough to handle more than just simulation data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Comp Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ikuni Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Comp Sci, Votey Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM bslee@cs.uvm.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 EI 1872-6291 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 157 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0020-0255(03)00185-3 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 745CV UT WOS:000186671900002 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Medina, M Collins, JA Schierwater, B AF Collins, AG Medina, M Collins, JA Schierwater, B TI 28S rDNA data further resolve the phylogeny of Cnidaria SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 TiHo Hannover, Joint Genome Inst, Hannover, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 804 EP 804 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200006 ER PT J AU Lee, WK Harrison, J Greenlee, K Betz, O Westneat, M AF Lee, WK Harrison, J Greenlee, K Betz, O Westneat, M TI Biomechanics of insect respiration and feeding using synchrotron x-ray imaging SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 901 EP 901 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200394 ER PT J AU Gillooly, JF Brown, JH Allen, AP West, GB Charnov, EL Savage, VM AF Gillooly, JF Brown, JH Allen, AP West, GB Charnov, EL Savage, VM TI The central role of metabolism from genes to ecosystems SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Allen, Andrew/B-8045-2011 OI Allen, Andrew/0000-0003-0304-7544 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 923 EP 923 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200482 ER PT J AU Socha, JJ Lee, WK Westneat, MW AF Socha, JJ Lee, WK Westneat, MW TI Beetle respiration mechanics analyzed with synchrotron X-ray imaging SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 982 EP 982 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200718 ER PT J AU Hauswaldt, SJ Glenn, TC Draud, MJ AF Hauswaldt, SJ Glenn, TC Draud, MJ TI Population genetics and mating pattern of Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Long Isl Univ, Brookville, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 998 EP 998 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200782 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Winne, CT AF Hopkins, WA Winne, CT TI Swimming performance of neonate black swamp snakes (Seminatrix pygaea) exposed to an acetyl-cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticide SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1009 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235200825 ER PT J AU Medina, M AF Medina, M TI Cnidarian genomics at the Joint Genome Institute SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrative Comparative Biol C1 Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1075 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 831ZI UT WOS:000222235201090 ER PT J AU Steigmann, D Baesu, E Rudd, RE Belak, J McElfresh, M AF Steigmann, D Baesu, E Rudd, RE Belak, J McElfresh, M TI On the variational theory of cell-membrane equilibria SO INTERFACES AND FREE BOUNDARIES LA English DT Article DE cell-membrane equilibria; shape equation; stability ID ELASTICITY; FILMS AB The equivalence of two approaches to the variational theory of cell-membrane equilibria which have been proposed in the literature is demonstrated. Both assume a constraint on surface area, global in one formulation and local in the alternative, in accordance with measurements which reveal negligible surface dilation in the presence of membrane deformation. We thus address a potential controversy in the mathematical modeling of an important problem in biophysics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Mat Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Steigmann, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM steigman@me.berkeley.edu; ebaesu@unlserve.unl.edu; robert.rudd@llnl.gov; belak1@llnl.gov; mcelfresh@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI ZURICH PA C/O DR THOMAS HINTERMANN, EMS PUBLISHING HOUSE, E T H-ZENTRUM FLI C1, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1463-9971 J9 INTERFACE FREE BOUND JI Interface Free Bound. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 357 EP 366 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 818PY UT WOS:000221258200001 ER PT J AU von Laszewski, G Ruscic, B Amin, K Wagstrom, P Krishnan, S Nijsure, S AF von Laszewski, G Ruscic, B Amin, K Wagstrom, P Krishnan, S Nijsure, S TI A framework for building scientific knowledge grids applied to thermochemical tables SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV, 2002 CL ELECTR NETWORK SP ACM, IEEE DE knowledge grid; active thermochemical tables AB Modalities that need to be supported are the protection of intellectual property, the creation of metadata and information shared with and gathered by the community, and easy access to the service by the application scientists. An important part of enabling the future information infrastructure is to provide convenient services for application users that make such an environment highly functional and easy to use for the non-expert. In other words, the scientist should be able to focus on the science but should have sophisticated tools at hand that enable new and enhanced modalities in which science can be performed. We describe a general architecture that provides access to scientific applications. We demonstrate how such services can interact with each other and be reused by the scientific application architect to orchestrate Grid services. Our architecture is implemented by reusing concepts, infrastructures, and middleware from Web and Grid services, as well as from the newest Globus Toolkit and the Java CoG Kit. We apply our general architecture to a specific application: Active Thermochemical Tables. This application demonstrates a number of interesting and future-oriented uses, such as the need for batch processing, interactive and collaborative steering, use of multiple platforms, visualization through large displays, and access via a portal framework. Besides the innovative use of the Grid and Web services, we also provide a novel algorithmic contribution to scientific disciplines that use thermochemical tables. Specifically, we modified the original approach to constructing thermochemical tables to include an iterative process of refinement leading to increased accuracy. We have designed a variety of access environments including a shelf, a Grid desktop, and a portal for accessing the set of services provided, which include the display of network dependencies between the reactions a chemist may be interested in and interactive querying of associated species data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Comp Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X; Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 431 EP 447 DI 10.1177/10943420030174007 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 750NP UT WOS:000187002900007 ER PT J AU Allen, G Davis, K Dolkas, KN Doulamis, ND Goodale, T Kielmann, T Merzky, A Nabrzyski, J Pukacki, J Radke, T Russell, M Seidel, E Shalf, J Taylor, I AF Allen, G Davis, K Dolkas, KN Doulamis, ND Goodale, T Kielmann, T Merzky, A Nabrzyski, J Pukacki, J Radke, T Russell, M Seidel, E Shalf, J Taylor, I TI Enabling applications on the grid: A Gridlab overview SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV, 2002 CL ELECTR NETWORK SP ACM, IEEE DE grid application toolkit (GAT); GridLab architecture; triana; resource management service AB Grid technology is widely emerging. Still, there is an eminent shortage of real Grid users, mostly due to the lack of a "critical mass" of widely deployed and reliable higher-level Grid services, tailored to application needs. The GridLab project aims to provide fundamentally new capabilities for applications to exploit the power of Grid computing, thus bridging the gap between application needs and existing Grid middleware. We present an overview of GridLab, a large-scale, EU-funded Grid project spanning over a dozen groups in Europe and the US. We first outline our vision of Grid-empowered applications and then discuss GridLab's general architecture and its Grid Application Toolkit (GAT). We illustrate how applications can be Grid-enabled with the GAT and discuss GridLab's scheduler as an example of GAT services. C1 MPG, AEI, Golm, Germany. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Comp Sci, Athens, Greece. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Comp Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Suze Inst, Dept Sci Visualizat, Berlin, Germany. PSNC, Poznan, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Comp Sci, Cardiff CF1 1XL, S Glam, Wales. RP Allen, G (reprint author), MPG, AEI, Golm, Germany. NR 9 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 449 EP 466 DI 10.1177/10943420030174008 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 750NP UT WOS:000187002900008 ER PT J AU Antoun, TH Lomov, IN Glenn, LA AF Antoun, TH Lomov, IN Glenn, LA TI Simulation of the penetration of a sequence of bombs into granitic rock SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE multiple penetration; simulation; GEODYN; effect of crater geometry; effect of shock conditioning AB This computational study was undertaken to investigate the penetration efficiency of a sequence of penetrating bombs into granitic hard rock. The main objective of the study was to ascertain the feasibility of using several bombs - all precision-guided to the same target point and detonated a few tens of milliseconds apart -. to defeat a Hard and Deeply Buried Target (HDBT) that cannot be defeated using conventional means. Several simulations were performed in support of this objective, including a sequence of six consecutive bombs traveling with a velocity of 300 m/s, with each bomb being made to penetrate into the crater produced by its predecessor. The simulations were performed using GEODYN - a parallel Eulerian hydrocode with adaptive mesh refinement capabilities - and a constitutive model for granite that was calibrated using ground motion data from several underground explosions. The cumulative penetration depth from all six bombs was 5.7 m, with the first bomb penetrating as much as 2.1 m and the last one penetrating as little as 0.4 m. The general trend of decreasing penetration depth with each successive bomb was shown to be primarily attributed to crater geometry and to accumulation of high strength steel in the bottom of the crater. Shock conditioning of the rock was shown to have a favorable effect on penetration. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Antoun, TH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.09.006 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000007 ER PT J AU Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Thornhill, TF Bessette, GC Saul, WV Lawrence, RJ Kipp, ME AF Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Thornhill, TF Bessette, GC Saul, WV Lawrence, RJ Kipp, ME TI Debris generation and propagation phenomenology from hypervelocity impacts on aluminum from 6 to 11 km/s SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE aluminum; shock-induced vaporization; hypervelocity; impact; EOS; hydrocodes; CTH ID SHOCK-WAVE; VELOCITIES AB A systematic computational and experimental study is presented on impact generated debris resulting from record-high impact speeds recently achieved on the Sandia three-stage light-gas guns. In these experiments, a target plate of aluminum is impacted by a titanium-alloy flier plate at speeds ranging from 6.5 to 11 km/s, producing pressures from I Mbar to over 2.3 Mbar and temperatures as high as 15000 K (>1 eV). The aluminum plate is totally melted at stresses above 1.6 Mbar. Upon release, the thermodynamic release isentropes will interact with the vapor dome. The amount of vapor generated in the debris cloud will depend on many factors such as the thickness of the aluminum plate, super-cooling, vaporization kinetics, and the distance over which the impact-generated debris is allowed to expand. To characterize the debris cloud, the velocity history produced by stagnation of the aluminum expansion products against an aluminum witness plate is measured using velocity interferometry. X-ray measurements of the debris cloud are also recorded prior to stagnation against the witness plate. Both radiographs and witness-plate velocity measurements suggest that the vaporization process is both time-dependent and heterogeneous when the material is released from shocked states around 230 GPa. Experiments suggest that the threshold for vaporization kinetics in aluminum should become significant when expanded from shocked states over 230 GPa. Numerical simulations are conducted to compare the measured Xray debris cloud and the time-resolved experimental interferometer record with calculational results using the 3-D hydrodynamic wave-code, CTH. Results of these experiments and calculations are discussed in this paper. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Shock Phys Applicat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Shock Phys Applicat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 185 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.09.016 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000015 ER PT J AU Gisler, G Weaver, R Gittings, M Mader, C AF Gisler, G Weaver, R Gittings, M Mader, C TI Two- and three-dimensional asteroid ocean impact simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE planetary impacts; marine impacts; impact simulations; asteroid-induced tsunamis ID CHICXULUB; ELTANIN AB We have performed a series of simulations of asteroid impacts into an ocean using the SAGE code from Los Alamos National Laboratory and Science Applications International Corporation. SAGE is a compressible Eulerian hydrodynamics code with continuous adaptive mesh refinement. We have used realistic equations of state for the atmosphere, water, the oceanic crust, and the mantle. In two dimensions, we simulated asteroid impactors moving at 20 km/s vertically through an exponential atmosphere into a 5 km deep ocean. The impactors were composed of dunite (3.32 g/cc) or iron (7.8 g/cc) with diameters from 250 in to 1 km. In our three-dimensional runs we simulated asteroids of 1 kin diameter moving at 20 km/s at angles of 45 and 30 degrees from the horizontal. All impacts, including the oblique ones, produce large underwater cavities with nearly vertical walls followed by a collapse starting from the bottom and subsequent vertical jetting. Substantial amounts of water are vaporized and lofted high into the atmosphere. In the larger impacts, significant amounts of crustal and even mantle material are lofted as well. Tsunamis up to a kilometer in initial height are generated by the collapse of the vertical jet. These waves are highly complex in form, and interact strongly with shocks propagating through the water and the crust. The tsunami waves are followed out to 100 kin from the point of impact. Their periods and wavelengths show them to be intermediate type waves, and not (in general) shallow-water waves. At great distances, the waves decay more rapidly than the inverse of the distance from the impact point, ignoring sea-floor topography. The impacting body is highly fragmented and its remains lofted into the stratosphere with the water vapor and crustal material. In the oblique impacts, the initial asymmetry of the transient crater and crown do not persist beyond a tsunami propagation length of 50 kin. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gisler, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.09.023 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000023 ER PT J AU Grady, DE Olsen, ML AF Grady, DE Olsen, ML TI A statistics and energy based theory of dynamic fragmentation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE fragmentation; uranium AB Mott [1] developed a statistical theory of fracture and fragmentation to account for the frequency and statistical distribution of fracture in impulsively loaded rapidly expanding metal cylinders. In the present work the dynamic fracture and fragmentation theory of Mott is extended to account for fracture dissipation within the failure zone. Dynamic fracture and fragmentation experiments were performed on rings of uranium-6%-niobium (U6N). Comparisons between experiment and theoretical predictions are systematically explored. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.09.026 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000024 ER PT J AU Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC AF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC TI Strength properties of Coors AD995 alumina in the shocked state SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE sandia national laboratories; ceramics; alumina; strength ID WAVE; COMPRESSION; VELOCITIES AB An investigation of the strength of AD995 alumina in the shocked state was assessed over the stress range of 26-120 GPa. Velocity interferometry was used to measure loading, unloading, reloading and cyclic loading profiles from the initial shocked state. These results show that alumina retains considerable strength at pressures exceeding 120 GPa. An important observation, as with some metals, is that there is a substantial increase in strength during reloading and a well-defined elastic behavior is observed. The unloading and reloading technique described also yields data to estimate a dynamic shock hydrostat, i.e., the mean pressure compression curve. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reinhart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 601 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.10.008 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000053 ER PT J AU Tobin, M Andrew, J Haupt, D Mann, K Poco, J Satcher, J Curran, D Tokheim, R Eder, D AF Tobin, M Andrew, J Haupt, D Mann, K Poco, J Satcher, J Curran, D Tokheim, R Eder, D TI Using silica aerogel to characterize hypervelocity shrapnel produced in high power laser experiments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE aerogel; shrapnel diagnostic; National Ignition Facility; Helen Laser AB We present a technique using silica aerogel to characterize the number, velocity, size, and spatial distribution of shrapnel. Measuring shrapnel produced in a large laser facility can aid in improving target designs to reduce shrapnel, thereby extending optics lifetime. We tested the use of aerogel as a diagnostic by creating shrapnel on the Helen Laser at AWE in England and capturing it in prepositioned 20 mg/cc silica aerogel-filled holders placed from 10 to 50 cm away. Synchrotron radiation at the Stanford Linear Accelerator was used to produce radiographic images of the embedded shrapnel at three different angles. The contrast for 19 keV x-rays for Ta and aerogel allowed very fine resolution of the Ta particles, down to similar to 5 microns diameter. Reconstruction of the data resolved each particle's depth and size. We developed an expression that relates particle size and depth of penetration to incident velocity assuming the particle acts like a 'snowplow' into the aerogel where the dominant energy loss is dissipation into viscous drag. The aerogel data is being used to validate and tune hydrodynamic modeling of the target break-up. We also tested a more complex technique of the use of aerogel to characterize shrapnel that uses a thin sheet of aerogel over a fused silica substrate. We conclude that these techniques may be viable for measuring solid shrapnel, droplets, and even condensed vapor with sufficient resolution to quantify their asymmetric deposition within the target chamber. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tobin, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-472, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 713 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.10.018 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000063 ER PT J AU Vogler, TJ Thornhill, TF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Grady, DE Wilson, LT Hurricane, OA Sunwoo, A AF Vogler, TJ Thornhill, TF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Grady, DE Wilson, LT Hurricane, OA Sunwoo, A TI Fragmentation of materials in expanding tube experiments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE failure; fragmentation AB The phenomena of dynamic fracture and fragmentation are important in a variety of engineering applications. Computational modeling of these events presents unique challenges, not the least of which is the experimental validation of models. In this report, we describe recent developments on a technique for the expansion and fragmentation of tubes using a two-stage light gas gun. Because of the controlled environment of the experiment, a variety of diagnostic techniques can be employed. The available instrumentation, along with the repeatability of the technique, makes it well suited for model validation experiments. We present results of experiments on two materials, which provide insight into the physics of the process. Results of a limited number of simulations performed with CTH are also presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Vogler, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 735 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.10.020 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000065 ER PT J AU Maslov, S Roehner, BM AF Maslov, S Roehner, BM TI Does the price multiplier effect also hold for stocks? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE stock prices; speculation; real estate; price-dividend ratio AB The price multiplier effect provides precious insight into the behavior of investors during episodes of speculative trading. It tells us that the higher the price of an asset (within a set of similar assets), the more its price is likely to increase during the upgoing phase of a speculative price peak. In short, instead of being risk averse, as is often assumed, investors rather seem to be "risk prone". While this effect is known to hold for several sorts of assets, it has not yet been possible to test it for stocks because the price of one share has no intrinsic significance, which means that one cannot say that stock A is more expensive than stock B on the basis of its price. In this paper we show that the price-dividend ratio gives a good basis for assessing the price of stocks in an intrinsic way. When this alternative measure is used instead, it turns out that the price multiplier effect also holds for stocks, at least if one concentrates on samples of companies which are sufficiently homogeneous. C1 Univ Paris, Inst Theoret & High Energy Phys, F-75252 Paris, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Maslov, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, LPTHE, 2 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM maslov@bnl.gov; roehner@lpthe.jussieu.fr RI Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009 OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1439 EP 1451 DI 10.1142/S0129183103005510 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 817ZY UT WOS:000221216600012 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL AF Fryer, CL TI Stellar collapse SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; gamma-rays bursts; stars; supernovae ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; BOLTZMANN NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; ROTATIONAL CORE COLLAPSE; SUPER-NOVA EXPLOSIONS; MASSIVE STARS; BLACK-HOLE; II SUPERNOVAE; CONVECTIVE ENGINE; NUMERICAL-METHOD; EVOLUTION AB The collapse of massive stars have been used to explain many of the largest outbursts known to mankind, from supernovae to hypernovae to gamma-ray bursts. These explosions differ in their level of asymmetry and the spectral energy of the photons they emit. It is likely that such a wide range in the nature of these explosions requires more than one explosion mechanism to extract the gravitational potential energy released during the collapse. Three major classes of mechanisms have been proposed: neutrino-driven, magnetic-field driven, collapsar (black hole accretion disk) driven. This review discusses each mechanism in turn, discussing the current state-of-the-art calculations along with their observational predictions. We conclude with a summary of the current observational constraints on these models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fryer@lanl.gov NR 96 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1795 EP 1835 DI 10.1142/S0218271803004298 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 773YB UT WOS:000188952000001 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM DeTeresa, SJ AF Christensen, RM DeTeresa, SJ TI Failure plane orientations for transverse loading of a unidirectional fiber composite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th US National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA DE failure theories; failure surface prediction; transverse loading AB Using a recently developed failure theory for transversely isotropic fiber composites, it is shown how the orientation of the failure surface can be determined for transverse tension and compression. It is also shown that failure surface orientations decompose into those of ductile type versus those of brittle type. Experimental data on failure surface orientations have been obtained for carbon fiber composite systems based on both thermoplastic and thermosetting matrix materials. Average compression failure planes for the different composite materials were measured to range from 31degrees to 38degrees from the load axis. Reasonable agreement was obtained between these measured angles and those predicted from application of the new failure theory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 40 IS 25 BP 7055 EP 7062 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00354-8 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 741BE UT WOS:000186437800011 ER PT J AU Lowry, TS Bright, JC Close, ME Robb, CA White, PA Cameron, SG AF Lowry, TS Bright, JC Close, ME Robb, CA White, PA Cameron, SG TI Management gaps analysis: A case study of groundwater resource management in New Zealand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB The primary objective of this project is to identify gaps, whether real or perceived, that hinder effective groundwater management in New Zealand. These gaps show as gaps in information, gaps in implementation, gaps in technological and management tools, and gaps in understanding of fundamental processes. The secondary objective is to propose a management strategy to close the identified gaps. Several methods are used to meet these objectives: surveys distributed to selected staff in each regional council; the review of various written reports; the analysis of land-use databases; and private consultation within each regional council. Results show that groundwater management in New Zealand is generally reactionary with the main gaps being in strategic planning and national guidelines. Most gaps appear to be predominantly information and implementation issues. In some cases there are gaps in the understanding of fundamental processes within an aquifer system, including the long-term effects of land-use on groundwater quality. An adaptive management approach is suggested as a means of closing these gaps. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87188 USA. Lincoln Environm, Canterbury, New Zealand. Environm Sci & Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. Minist Environm, Land & Water Grp, Christchurch, New Zealand. Wairakei Res Ctr, Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Taupo, New Zealand. RP Lowry, TS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Bldg 823,Room 4452,POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87188 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0790-0627 J9 INT J WATER RESOUR D JI Int. J. Water Resour. Dev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 579 EP 592 DI 10.1080/0790062032000161382 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 757DF UT WOS:000187533000005 ER PT J AU Mitchell, J AF Mitchell, J TI Control of weeds in glyphosate-tolerant sugar-beet crops (Beta vulgaris) SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Between 1997 and 1999 three weed control trials were carried out with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) resistant to glyphosate. Glyphosate was applied at a total dose of 1620, 2160, 3240 and 4320 g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha over a three-spray programme and at 1440, 2160 and 4320 g a.i./ha over a two-spray programme. These treatments were compared with standard (1N) and double dose (2N) three-spray sugar-beet herbicide programmes. In each year, the lowest glyphosate dose, applied as a three-spray programme, gave marginally better overall control of weeds than the standard herbicide programme. In all trials the weed control improved after each application. However, no significant differences in weed control were observed after the second glyphosate application; the three-spray glyphosate programmes gave marginally, but not significantly, better weed control than the two-spray programme in all seasons. At all doses more than one glyphosate application was required only in respect of Falopia convolvulus and Lamium purpureum for total weed control. In 1997 the herbicide-tolerant sugar-beet variety sown was not completely tolerant to glyphosate and a reduction in plant numbers was recorded after the initial glyphosate application. The variety used in the two subsequent years was fully tolerant and no plant loss was observed, even at the highest glyphosate dose. At harvest, most of the 1998 root yields in the glyphosate treatments were significantly higher than the yields from the standard (1N) herbicide programmes. This was not the case in 1999. Crop vigour was not affected by any of the treatments in 1997 but in 1998 and 1999 the two standard herbicides reduced crop vigour by 10 and 20% and 10 and 15%, respectively. C1 TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Mitchell, J (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM bmitchell@oakpark.teagasc.ie NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 265 EP 274 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 821BG UT WOS:000221433800008 ER PT J AU Jafari, A Connolly, V Walsh, EJ AF Jafari, A Connolly, V Walsh, EJ TI Genetic analysis of yield and quality in full-sib families of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under two cutting managements SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE correlation; heritability; quality; ryegrass ID SOLUBLE-CARBOHYDRATE CONCENTRATION; DRY-MATTER YIELD; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; TALL FESCUE; PERFORMANCE; DIGESTIBILITY; COMPONENTS; NITROGEN; HERBAGE AB The objective was to evaluate the genetic variability for total annual dry matter (DM) yield and three quality traits (digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP)) in two ryegrass populations (maturity groups) using partially inbred full-sib (FS) families under simulated grazing (frequent cutting) and conservation management. Near Infrared Spectroscopy was used for estimation of the quality traits. The estimates of broad sense heritability were relatively high for all traits. Estimates derived from combined analysis over years and management ranged from 0.44 to 0.67 (DM yield); 0.60 to 0.72 (DOMD); 0.53 to 0.58 (WSC) and 0.38 to 0.65 (CP) The higher value was always associated with the mid-season population. Interpretation of heritability values was restricted because the experimental design (measurement of FS families grown as dense swards, no measurement of individual plants) did not allow estimation of non-additive genetic variance. Consequently, these estimates may be greater than the narrow sense values. Genotype X environment interactions (management and years) were present for DM yield and to a lesser extent for DOMD and WSC, but absent for CP. The genetic correlation between WSC and DOMD was highly positive (0.62 to 0.87), while the relationship of CP with both DM yield (-0.57 to -1.14) and WSC (-0.16 to -0.87) was negative. These results were consistent over years, management and maturity groups. None of the phenotypic or genotypic correlation estimates for DOMD with CP were significant. The remaining two pair-wise correlations were inconsistent over the two maturity groups. The correlation of DOMD with DM yield was negative for the late (-0.59) but uncorrelated for the mid-season population (-0.01). WSC and DM yield was positively correlated for the mid-season (0.45) but uncorrelated for the late-maturity group (0.06). The values quoted refer to combined analysis over years and maturity populations. C1 TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. Res Inst Forests & Rangelands, Genebank Div, Tehran, Iran. Univ Coll Dublin, Fac Agr, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Connolly, V (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM vincentc@myrealbox.com NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 275 EP 292 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 821BG UT WOS:000221433800009 ER PT J AU Jafari, A Connolly, V Frolich, A Walsh, EJ AF Jafari, A Connolly, V Frolich, A Walsh, EJ TI A note on estimation of quality parameters in perennial ryegrass by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE digestibility; protein; ryegrass; water-soluble carbohydrates ID MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; GRASS-SILAGE; PREDICTION; ENERGY AB The objective of this study was to assess near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid method for estimating quality parameters in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and to evaluate its suitability for use in selection for improved quality in this species. NIRS calibrations were derived for digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP). To maximise variability, a set of samples for analysis were selected from field and glasshouse, and harvested at different maturity stages over 2 years. The samples were analysed by standard laboratory methods for DOMD, WSC and CP. The calibrations obtained from the study had a high level of accuracy (r(2) values 0.92, 0.96, 0.96; standard errors of prediction 16.1, 11.9 and 6.8 g/kg dry matter for DOMD, WSC and CP, respectively) and the results confirm that NIRS is a rapid and cost effective method which can be applied in selection for improved ryegrass quality. C1 TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. Res Inst Forests & Rangelands, Genebank Div, Tehran, Iran. Univ Coll Dublin, Fac Agr, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Connolly, V (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM vincentc@myrealbox.com NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 821BG UT WOS:000221433800010 ER PT J AU Park, G Muntges, DE Inman, DJ AF Park, G Muntges, DE Inman, DJ TI Self-repairing joints employing shape-memory alloy actuators SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This article describes self-sensing and self repairing bolted joints that employ piezoelectric and shape-memory alloy elements. The piezoelectric materials use electrical impedance analysis to assess the conditions of joints. When damage occurs, the shape-memory washers can automatically regain lost torque. The actuator is a cylindrical Nitinol washer that expands axially when heated. The stress generated by the axial strain compresses the joint members and creates a force, generating a preload and restoring lost torque. Due to the complexity of constitutive modeling, a qualitative analysis by the impedance method is used to illustrate the success of this experiment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Inman, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 55 IS 12 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0007-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 752TB UT WOS:000187182300005 ER PT J AU Mullens, S Yperman, J Reggers, G Carleer, R Buchanan, AC Britt, PF Rutkowski, P Gryglewicz, G AF Mullens, S Yperman, J Reggers, G Carleer, R Buchanan, AC Britt, PF Rutkowski, P Gryglewicz, G TI A study of the reductive pyrolysis behaviour of sulphur model compounds SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE sulphur model compound; pyrolysis; hydrogenation; reduction; AP-TPR; mass spectrometry; thiophene; sulphate; coal ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION; AP-TPR; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; FOSSIL-FUELS; COAL; DECOMPOSITION; CALIBRANTS; OXIDATION; CALCIUM; PYRITE AB The difficulties inherent in the direct determination of sulphur functionalities in complex solid matrices by various techniques often make the need for reference compounds indispensable. One of the pyrolysis techniques used for sulphur determination is atmospheric pressure-temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR). Experiments on sulphur model compounds have served successfully as a reference for both the temperature region in which the reduction or hydrogenation occurs and the efficiency of the reduction reaction. In this study, the pyrolysis behaviour of several organic and inorganic sulphur model compounds is investigated by AP-TPR using a mass spectrometer detector interfaced with the pyrolysis reactor (AP-TPR-MS). This technique permits a more complete description of the competitive and successive reactions that are occurring during the pyrolysis of the model compounds, providing new information regarding the reduction efficiency of oxidised and non-oxidised sulphur compounds. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Limburgs Univ Ctr, Lab Appl Chem, CMK, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Chem Technol Petr & Coal, PL-50344 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Yperman, J (reprint author), Limburgs Univ Ctr, Lab Appl Chem, CMK, Univ Campus, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD DEC PY 2003 VL 70 IS 2 BP 469 EP 491 DI 10.1016/S0165-2370(03)00006-8 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 747CZ UT WOS:000186788800022 ER PT J AU Chupas, PJ Qiu, XY Hanson, JC Lee, PL Grey, CP Billinge, SJL AF Chupas, PJ Qiu, XY Hanson, JC Lee, PL Grey, CP Billinge, SJL TI Rapid-acquisition pair distribution function (RA-PDF) analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION INTENSITIES; INCOMPLETE ABSORPTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; X-RAYS; DETECTOR; PHOSPHOR; GLASSES; IMAGE; ZR AB An image- plate ( IP) detector coupled with high- energy synchrotron radiation was used for atomic pair distribution function ( PDF) analysis, with high probed momentum transfer Q(max) less than or equal to 28.5 Angstrom(-1), from crystalline materials. Materials with different structural complexities were measured to test the validity of the quantitative data analysis. Experimental results are presented for crystalline Ni, crystalline alpha-AlF(3), and the layered Aurivillius type oxides alpha-Bi(4)V(2)O(11) and gamma-Bi(4)V(1.7)Ti(0.3)O(10.85). Overall, the diffraction patterns show good counting statistics, with measuring time from one to tens of seconds. The PDFs obtained are of high quality. Structures may be refined from these PDFs, and the structural models are consistent with the published literature. Data sets from similar samples are highly reproducible. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11793 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chupas, PJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM pchupas@ic.sunysb.edu; billinge@pa.msu.edu RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 26 TC 291 Z9 291 U1 8 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 36 BP 1342 EP 1347 DI 10.1107/S0021889803017564 PN 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 745GZ UT WOS:000186682100006 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Persaud, A Park, SJ Nilsson, J Bokor, J Liddle, JA Keller, R Schneider, DH Cheng, DW Humphries, DE AF Schenkel, T Persaud, A Park, SJ Nilsson, J Bokor, J Liddle, JA Keller, R Schneider, DH Cheng, DW Humphries, DE TI Solid state quantum computer development in silicon with single ion implantation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION; DIFFUSION MECHANISMS; PHOSPHORUS IMPLANTS; DOSE LOSS; SLOW; TRANSISTOR; INTERFACE; SURFACES; EMISSION AB Spawned by the finding of efficient quantum algorithms, the development of a scalable quantum computer has emerged as a premiere challenge for nanoscience and nanotechnology in the last years. Spins of electrons and nuclei in P-31 atoms embedded in silicon are promising quantum bit (qubit) candidates. In this article we describe single atom doping strategies and the status of our development of single atom qubit arrays integrated with control gates and readout structures in a "top down" approach. We discuss requirements for P-31 qubit array formation by single ion implantation, and integration with semiconductor processing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; NR 47 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 11 BP 7017 EP 7024 DI 10.1063/1.1622109 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742AM UT WOS:000186492600001 ER PT J AU Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Yaresko, AN AF Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Yaresko, AN TI Electronic structure and magneto-optical Kerr effect in UGa2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ORBITAL POLARIZATION; BAND THEORY; MAGNETISM; COMPOUND; FIELD AB The optical and magneto-optical (MO) spectra of UGa2 are investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear muffin-tin orbital band structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA), as well as with generalization of the LSDA+U method which takes into account that in the presence of spin-orbit coupling the occupation matrix of localized electrons becomes nondiagonal in spin indexes. Although, the magnetic moment at the U site of UGa2 is described better by LSDA+U than by LSDA, neither the localized LSDA+U model nor the spin-polarized LSDA 5f-itinerant band model can explain all the peculiarities of the experimental MO spectra. The LSDA gives a better description of the optical and MO spectra of UGa2 in the 0-1 eV energy interval, but for higher energies the experimental Kerr rotation curve is situated someplace in between the curves obtained by the LSDA and the LSDA+U approximations. The origin of the Kerr rotation in the compound is examined. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Kiev Met Phys Inst, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Harmon, BN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 11 BP 7240 EP 7245 DI 10.1063/1.1625099 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742AM UT WOS:000186492600037 ER PT J AU Bearinger, JP Orme, CA Gilbert, JL AF Bearinger, JP Orme, CA Gilbert, JL TI Effect of hydrogen peroxide on titanium surfaces: In situ imaging and step-polarization impedance spectroscopy of commercially pure titanium and titanium, 6-aluminum, 4-vanadium SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE titanium; titanium oxide; atomic force microscopy; electrochemical methods; corrosion; oxidation; catalysis; surface structure; interfaces ID TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY INVESTIGATIONS; OXIDE-FILMS; H2O2; CELL; AFM AB To analyze titanium's response to representative surgical wound environments, a study was conducted on commercially pure titanium (CPTi) and titanium, 6-aluminum, 4-vanadium. (Ti-6Al-4V) exposed to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 30 mM of hydrogen. peroxide (H2O2) added. The study Was characterized by simultaneous electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC AFM) and step-polarization impedance spectroscopy (SPIS). Surfaces were covered with protective oxide domes that indicated topography changes with potential and time of immersion. Less oxide dome coarsening was noted on surfaces treated with PBS containing H2O2 than on surfaces exposed to pure PBS. Electrical data deduced from current transients collected while stepping voltage between 0 V and 1 V indicated that charge transfer in hydrogen peroxide solutions was an order of magnitude larger than it was in pure PBS. Oxide (early) resistances of CPTi samples were higher than were Ti-6Al-4V oxide resistances in both types of solutions, but CPTi oxide resistance was lower in the hydrogen peroxide solution compared to pure PBS. Capacitance data suggest that CPTi oxide films thicken in hydrogen peroxide solution more than they do in pure PBS. Differences in electrical properties between CPTi and Ti-6Al-4V surfaces suggest that CPTi, but not Ti-6Al-4V, has catalytic activity on H2O2 and that the catalytic activity of CPTi oxide affects its ability to grow DO, Differences in electrical properties are related to catalytic and oxidative mechanisms that take place directly on the titanium oxide surface and in wound environments. The study provides a foundation and theoretic basis for the porous oxide model on commercially pure titanium exposed to hydrogen peroxide. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA USA. Dept Bioengn & Neurosci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Gilbert, JL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 67A IS 3 BP 702 EP 712 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.10116 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 747YW UT WOS:000186835000002 PM 14613216 ER PT J AU Chen, M Zamora, PO Pena, L Som, P Osaki, S AF Chen, M Zamora, PO Pena, L Som, P Osaki, S TI NH3/O-2 mixed gas plasmas alter the interaction of blood components with stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE glow discharge plasma; ammonia; oxygen; cell attachment ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELL GROWTH; TISSUE-CULTURE POLYSTYRENE; OXYGEN-CONTAINING FILMS; INITIAL ATTACHMENT; PLATELET-ADHESION; CYTOSKELETAL ORGANIZATION; RADIOFREQUENCY PLASMAS; FIBRONECTIN; SURFACE; VITRONECTIN AB Stainless steel treated with a mixed gas plasma of NH3 plus O-2 had chemical and biologic characteristics distinct from untreated stainless steel or stainless steel treated with NH3 or O-2 plasmas used separately. NH3/O-2 plasmas deposited nitrogen as both -CN (organic) and -NO (nitrate, nitrite)-materials not found on untreated stainless steel-and the contact angle changed from 44degrees to 23degrees. Treatment of stainless steel (and titanium) resulted in surfaces with enhanced resistance to platelet and leukocyte attachment. A gas plasma of N2O/O-2 also was found to reduce platelet and leukocyte attachment, suggesting that these properties may be common to surfaces coated with oxyni-trites (nitrides). Upon subcutaneous implantation, no inflammation, hemolysis, or untoward thrombosis was noted in the tissue surrounding the wafers treated with the NH3/O-2 plasmas, although the cellular density was considerably reduced by 2 weeks after implant. Collectively, the results suggest that NH3/O-2 plasmas impart a unique character to stainless steel that may be useful in the construction of medical devices. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Biosurface Engn Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zamora, PO (reprint author), Biosurface Engn Technol Inc, 387 Technol Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [K01CA76483] NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 67A IS 3 BP 994 EP 1000 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.10115 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 747YW UT WOS:000186835000035 PM 14613249 ER PT J AU Lane, NE Yao, W Kinney, JH Modin, G Balooch, M Wronski, TJ AF Lane, NE Yao, W Kinney, JH Modin, G Balooch, M Wronski, TJ TI Both hPTH(1-34) and bFGF increase trabecular bone mass in osteopenic rats but they have different effects on trabecular bone architecture SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; AGED OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MINERAL DENSITY; SEQUENTIAL TREATMENT; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE; DISTAL RADIUS; OSTEOPOROSIS; ESTROGEN AB Materials and Methods: Six-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 74) were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (sham) and maintained untreated for 2 months. Then OVX rats were subcutaneously injected with basic fibroblast factor (bFGF; 1 mg/kg, 5 days/week), human parathyroid hormone [hPTH(1-34); 40 mug/kg, 5 days/week], or vehicle for 60 days (days 60-120). Sham-operated and one group of OVX animals were injected with vehicle. Biochemical markers of bone turnover (urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links; Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA, USA) and serum osteocalcin (Biomedical Technologies, Stroughton, MA, USA) were obtained at study days 0, 60, 90, and 120 and analyzed by ELISA. At death, the right proximal fibial metaphysis was removed, and microcomputed tomography was performed for trabecular bone structure and processed for histomorphometry to assess bone cell activity. The left proximal tibia was used for nanoindentation/mechanical testing of individual trabeculae. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and post hoc testing as needed. Results: Ovariectomy at day 60 resulted in about a 50% loss of trabecular bone volume compared with sham-treated animals. By day 120 post-OVX, OVX + vehicle treated animals had decreased trabecular bone volume, connectivity, number, and high bone turnover compared with sham-operated animals [p < 0.05 from sham-, hPTH(1-34)-, and bFGF-treated groups]. Treatment of OVX animals with bFGF and hPTH(1-34) both increased trabecular bone mass, but hPTH(1-34) increased trabecular thickness and bFGF increased trabecular number and connectivity. Histomorphometry revealed increased mineralizing surface and bone formation rate in both bFGF and hPTH(1-34) animals. However, osteoid volume was greater in bFGF-treated animals compared with both the hPTH(1-34) and OVX + vehicle animals (p < 0.05). Nanoindentation by atomic force microscope was performed on approximately 20 individual trabeculae per animal (three animals per group) and demonstrated that elastic modulus and hardness of the trabeculae in bFGF-treated animals were similar to that of the hPTH-treated and sham + vehicle-treated animals. Conclusion: Both hPTH(1-34) and bFGF are anabolic agents in the osteopenic female rat. However, hPTH(1-34) increases trabecular bone volume primarily by thickening existing trabeculae, whereas bFGF adds trabecular bone mass through increasing trabecular number and trabecular connectivity. These results suggest the possibility of sequential treatment paradigms for severe osteoporosis. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Lane, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, Box 0868, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [1R01AR43052] NR 53 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2105 EP 2115 DI 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.12.2105 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 745WB UT WOS:000186712700003 PM 14672345 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA AF Peterson, KA TI Systematically convergent basis sets with relativistic pseudopotentials. I. Correlation consistent basis sets for the post-d group 13-15 elements SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; VALENCE BASIS-SETS; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS; CORRELATION ENERGIES; ELECTRONIC STATES AB New correlation consistent-like basis sets have been developed for the post-d group 13-15 elements (Ga-As, In-Sb, Tl-Bi) employing accurate, small-core relativistic pseudopotentials. The resulting basis sets, which are denoted cc-pVnZ-PP, are appropriate for valence electron correlation and range in size from (8s7p7d)/[4s3p2d] for the cc-pVDZ-PP to (16s13p12d3f2g1h)/[7s7p5d3f2g1h] for the cc-pV5Z-PP sets. Benchmark calculations on selected diatomic molecules (As-2, Sb-2, Bi-2, AsN, SbN, BiN, GeO, SnO, PbO, GaCl, InCl, TlCl, GaH, InH, and TlH) are reported using these new basis sets at the coupled cluster level of theory. Much like their all-electron counterparts, the cc-pVnZ-PP basis sets yield systematic convergence of total energies and spectroscopic constants. In several cases all-electron benchmark calculations were also carried out for comparison. The results from the pseudopotential and all-electron calculations were nearly identical when scalar relativity was accurately included in the all-electron work. Diffuse-augmented basis sets, aug-cc-pVnZ-PP, have also been developed and have been used in calculations of the atomic electron affinities. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 58 TC 485 Z9 487 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 21 BP 11099 EP 11112 DI 10.1063/1.1622923 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 742AN UT WOS:000186492900013 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA Figgen, D Goll, E Stoll, H Dolg, M AF Peterson, KA Figgen, D Goll, E Stoll, H Dolg, M TI Systematically convergent basis sets with relativistic pseudopotentials. II. Small-core pseudopotentials and correlation consistent basis sets for the post-d group 16-18 elements SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ADJUSTED PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; NOBLE-GASES; ENERGY; BR; POTENTIALS; DIPOLE; HBR AB A series of correlation consistent basis sets have been developed for the post-d group 16-18 elements in conjunction with small-core relativistic pseudopotentials of the energy-consistent variety. The latter were adjusted to multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock data based on the Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian. The outer-core (n-1)spd shells are explicitly treated together with the nsp valence shell with these PPs. The accompanying cc-pVnZ-PP and aug-cc-pVnZ-PP basis sets range in size from DZ to 5Z quality and yield systematic convergence of both Hartree-Fock and correlated total energies. In addition to the calculation of atomic electron affinities and dipole polarizabilities of the rare gas atoms, numerous molecular benchmark calculations (HBr, HI, HAt, Br-2, I-2, At-2, SiSe, SiTe, SiPo, KrH+, XeH+, and RnH+) are also reported at the coupled cluster level of theory. For the purposes of comparison, all-electron calculations using the Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian have also been carried out for the halogen-containing molecules using basis sets of 5Z quality. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Chem, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Dolg, Michael/F-8716-2011; OI Figgen, Detlev/0000-0001-8621-2642 NR 44 TC 1002 Z9 1003 U1 9 U2 65 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 21 BP 11113 EP 11123 DI 10.1063/1.1622924 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 742AN UT WOS:000186492900014 ER PT J AU Gutsev, GL Bauschlicher, CW Zhai, HJ Wang, LS AF Gutsev, GL Bauschlicher, CW Zhai, HJ Wang, LS TI Structural and electronic properties of iron monoxide clusters FenO and FenO- (n=2-6): A combined photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; GROUND-STATE; OXIDE; FEO; APPROXIMATION; ATOMS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; REPRESENTATION AB We report a combined anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) study on a series of iron monoxide clusters, FenO (n=2-6). Well-resolved photoelectron spectra were obtained for FenO- at variable detachment energies, allowing the ground state and numerous low-lying excited states of FenO to be observed. Sharp threshold photoelectron features were obtained for each species, which suggest rather small geometry changes between the anion and neutral ground states for the monoxide clusters and allows the electron affinities of the neutral clusters to be measured accurately. Extensive DFT calculations using the generalized gradient approximation were carried out for both FenO and FenO-. Optimized geometries of the ground and lowest excited states of both the anion and neutral species are reported along with the ground-state vibrational frequencies and fragmentation energies. Theoretical electron affinities were compared with the experimental measurements to verify the ground states of the iron monoxide clusters obtained from the DFT calculations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gutsev, GL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 21 BP 11135 EP 11145 DI 10.1063/1.1621856 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 742AN UT WOS:000186492900017 ER PT J AU Thomas, EV AF Thomas, EV TI Non-parametric statistical methods for multivariate calibration model selection and comparison SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE gasoline octane number; paired comparison; robust statistics AB Model selection is an important issue when constructing multivariate calibration models using methods based on latent variables (e.g. partial least squares regression and principal component regression). It is important to-select an appropriate number of latent variables to build an accurate and precise calibration model. Inclusion of too few latent variables can result in a model that is inaccurate over the complete space of interest. Inclusion of too many latent variables can result in a model that produces noisy predictions through incorporation of low-order latent variables that have little or no predictive value. Commonly used metrics for selecting the number of latent variables are based on the predicted error sum of squares (PRESS) obtained via cross-validation. In this paper a new approach for selecting the number of latent variables is proposed. In this new approach the prediction errors of individual observations (obtained from cross-validation) are compared across models incorporating varying numbers of latent variables. Based on these comparisons, nonparametric statistical methods are used to select the simplest model (least number of latent variables) that provides prediction quality that is indistinguishable from that provided by more complex models. Unlike methods based on PRESS, this new approach is robust to the effects of anomalous observations. More generally, the same approach can be used to compare the performance of any models that are applied to the same data set where reference values are available. The proposed methodology is illustrated with an industrial example involving the prediction of gasoline octane numbers from near-infrared spectra. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 12323, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thomas, EV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 12323, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM evthoma@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 12 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1002/cem.833 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 809ZO UT WOS:000220674800004 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, K Vithayaveroj V Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Subramaniam, K Vithayaveroj, V Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C TI Copper uptake by silica and iron oxide under high surface coverage conditions: surface charge and sorption equilibrium modeling SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYZABLE METAL-IONS; X-RAY ABSORPTION; WATER INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION; SYSTEMS; COPRECIPITATION; COMPLEXATION; CO(II); SIO2 AB A sorption modeling approach based on surface complexation concepts was applied to predict copper uptake and its effects on the surface electrostatic potential of ferric oxide and silica colloids. Equilibrium modeling of copper uptake by ferric oxide using the traditional surface complexation model (SCM) was reasonably successful with some discrepancies especially in the acidic pH ranges and high colloid concentration cases. Good predictions of the ferric oxide charge reversals during uptake were obtained from the modeling. Based on the SCM predictions, copper removal from solution is due to the outer-sphere complexation of the first hydrolysis product, resulting in the surface-metal complex SO(-)CuOH(+). The SCM was found to be insufficient to describe copper uptake by silica particles. To address discrepancies between experimental data and SCM predictions, the SCM was modified to include attributes of the surface polymer model (SPM), which incorporates sorption of the dimeric copper species Cu(2)(OH)(2)(2+). The continuum model (CM) was also studied as a second modification to the SCM to include formation of surface precipitates. Both the SPM and the CM were successful in modeling copper uptake and potential variations as a function of pH at various solution conditions and colloid concentrations. From the SPM and CM predictions, it was concluded that for systems with high surface loadings, copper removal from solution occurs due to the formation of both monomeric and dimeric surface complexes, as well as through precipitation mechanisms. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yiacoumi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM syiacoumi@ce.gatech.edu RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 268 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.07.012 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 744PA UT WOS:000186639800002 PM 14611766 ER PT J AU D'Yachkov, AG Erdos, PL Macula, AJ Rykov, VV Torney, DC Tung, CS Vilenkin, PA White, PS AF D'Yachkov, AG Erdos, PL Macula, AJ Rykov, VV Torney, DC Tung, CS Vilenkin, PA White, PS TI Exordium for DNA codes SO JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE binding propensity; DNA computing; DNA hybridization; digital velcro; formulation; directed design ID MOLECULAR COMPUTATION; SEQUENCE; CAPABILITIES AB We describe how deletion-correcting codes may be enhanced to yield codes with double-strand DNA-sequence codewords. This enhancement involves abstractions of the pertinent aspects of DNA; it nevertheless ensures specificity of binding for all pairs of single strands derived from its codewords - the key desideratum of DNA codes - i.e. with binding feasible only between reverse complementary strands. We defer discussing the combinatorial-optimization superincumbencies of code construction. Generalization of deletion similarity to an optimal sequence-alignment score could readily effect advantageous improvements (Kaderali, Master's Thesis, Informatics, U. Koln, 2001) but would render the combinatorics opaque. We mention motivating applications of DNA codes. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Probabil, Moscow, Russia. Alfred Renyi Inst Math, Budapest, Hungary. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Math, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. NE Nebraska Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Omaha, NE USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP D'Yachkov, AG (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Probabil, Moscow, Russia. EM dyachkov@artist.math.msu.su; elp@renyi.edu.hu; macula@geneseo.edu; vrykov@mail.unomaha.edu; dct@lanl.gov; cst@lanl.gov; paul@vilenkin.dnttm.ru; scott_white@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6905 J9 J COMB OPTIM JI J. Comb. Optim. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 7 IS 4 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1023/B:JOCO.0000017385.39168.0d PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 777XA UT WOS:000189208100005 ER PT J AU Whitney, P Cox, D Daly, D Foote, H McQuerry, D Sloughter, JM AF Whitney, P Cox, D Daly, D Foote, H McQuerry, D Sloughter, JM TI Toward the routine analysis of diverse data types SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Statistical Analysis of Massive Data Streams CY DEC 13-14, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE data analysis; multimedia; scaling ID MODEL AB This article describes a variety of data analysis problems. The types of data across these problems included free text, parallel text, an image collection, remote sensing imagery, and network packets. A strategy for approaching the analysis of these diverse types of data is described. A key part of the challenge is mapping the analytic results back into the original domain and data setting. Additionally, a common computational bottleneck encountered in each of these problems is diagnosed as analysis tools and algorithms with unbounded memory characteristics. This experience and the analysis suggest a research and development path that could greatly extend the scale of problems that can be addressed with routine data analysis tools. In particular, there are opportunities associated with developing theory and functioning algorithms with favorable memory-usage characteristics, and there are opportunities associated with developing methods and theory for describing the outcomes of analyses for the various types of data. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Stat, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Whitney, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 920 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM paul.whitney@pnl.gov; dcox@stat.rice.edu; ds.daly@pnl.gov; harlan.foote@pnl.gov; mcq@pnl.gov; mclean@stat.washington.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 1061-8600 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 915 EP 926 DI 10.1198/1061860032535 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 761LX UT WOS:000187911200009 ER PT J AU Steefel, CI Carroll, S Zhao, PH Roberts, S AF Steefel, CI Carroll, S Zhao, PH Roberts, S TI Cesium migration in Hanford sediment: a multisite cation exchange model based on laboratory transport experiments SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cesium migration; cation exchange; reactive transport; competitive sorption; column technique; modeling ID MULTICOMPONENT ION-EXCHANGE; SALT-WATER INTRUSIONS; GEOCHEMICAL CALCULATIONS; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; VERTICAL MIGRATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; CS-137; RADIOCESIUM; ADSORPTION AB Cs+ transport experiments carried out in columns packed with uncontaminated Hanford formation sediment from the SX tank farm provide strong support for the use of a multisite, multicomponent cation exchange model to describe Cs+ migration in the Hanford vadose zone. The experimental results indicate a strong dependence of the effective Cs+ K-d on the concentrations of other cations, including Na+ that is present at high to extremely high concentrations in fluids leaking from the Hanford SX tanks. A strong dependence of the Cs+ K-d on the aqueous Cs+ concentration is also apparent, with retardation of Cs+ increasing from a value of 41 at a Cs+ concentration of 10(-4) M in the feed solution to as much as 282 at a Cs+ concentration of 5 x 10(-7) M, all in a background of 1 M NaNO3. The total cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the Hanford sediment was determined using Na-22 isotopic equilibrium exchange in a flow-through column experiment. The value for the CEC of 120 mueq/g determined with this method is compatible with a value of 121.9 mueq/g determined by multi-cation elution. While two distinct exchange sites were proposed by Zachara et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66 (2002) 193] based on binary batch exchange experiments, a third site is proposed in this study to improve the fit of the Cs+-Na+ and Cs+-Ca+ exchange data and to capture self-sharpened Cs+ breakthrough curves at low concentrations of Cs+. Two of the proposed exchange sites represent frayed edge sites (FES) on weathered micas and constitute 0.02% and 0.22% of the total CEC. Both of the FES show a very strong selectivity for Cs+ over Na+ (KNa-Cs = 10(7.22) and 10(4.93), respectively). The third site, accounting for over 99% of the total CEC, is associated with planar sites on expansible clays and shows a smaller Na+-Cs+ selectivity coefficient of 10(1.99). Parameters derived from a fit of binary batch experiments alone tend to under predict Cs+ retardation in the column experiments. The transport experiments indicate 72-90% of the Cs+ sorbed in experiments targeting exchange on FES was desorbed over a 10- and 24-day period, respectively. At high Cs+ concentrations, where sorption is controlled primarily by exchange on planar sites, 95% of the Cs+ desorption was desorbed. Most of the difficulty in desorbing Cs+ from FES is a result of the extremely high selectivity of these sites for Cs+, although truly irreversible sorption as high as 23% was suggested in one experiment. The conclusion that Cs+ exchange is largely reversible in a thermodynamic sense is supported by the ability to match Cs+ desorption curves almost quantitatively with an equilibrium reactive transport simulation. The model for Cs+ retardation developed here qualitatively explains the behavior of Cs+ in the Hanford vadose zone underneath a variety of leaking tanks with differing salt concentrations. The high selectivity of FES for Cs+ implies that future desorption and migration is very unlikely to occur under natural recharge conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Steefel, CI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 58 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1-4 BP 219 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00033-0 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 747MR UT WOS:000186808700013 PM 14607478 ER PT J AU Geisz, JF Reedy, RC Keyes, BM Metzger, WK AF Geisz, JF Reedy, RC Keyes, BM Metzger, WK TI Unintentional carbon and hydrogen incorporation in GaNP grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE impurities; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; semiconducting III-V materials; solar cells ID GALLIUM-PHOSPHIDE; GAN(X)P1-X ALLOYS; GAP; EPITAXY; MOVPE AB GaNxP1-x and related materials are promising for light-emitting and solar cell devices grown on silicon, but have shown less-than-ideal performance. The transport properties of these materials, though, can be greatly influenced by growth conditions. We study the effects of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition growth conditions of GaN0.02P0.98 on the unintentional incorporation of carbon and hydrogen and the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) decay lifetime. We find the incorporation of carbon to be dominated by either the gallium source (trimethylgallium or triethylgallium) or the nitrogen source (dimethylhydrazine), depending on growth conditions. The PL decay lifetime is found to be correlated to both the carbon and hydrogen concentration. Growth temperature, gallium source, group V flux, and growth rate can all strongly influence the carbon and hydrogen impurity incorporation, and thus, the PL lifetime. In the samples with the lowest hydrogen and carbon concentrations (similar to10(17) cm(-3)), we have achieved room-temperature PL lifetimes as high as 3.0 ns. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Geisz, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2003 VL 259 IS 3 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.07.011 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 738JM UT WOS:000186283500002 ER PT J AU Robey, HF AF Robey, HF TI Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer in the large scale, rapid growth of KDP crystals - 2: computation of the mass transfer SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; fluid flows; mass transfer; growth from solutions; phosphates ID MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; SURFACE SUPERSATURATIONS; KH2PO4 CRYSTALS; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; SOLUTION FLOW; VICINAL FACE; CONVECTION; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; STEPS AB Numerical simulations of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer involved in the rapid growth of very large potassium di-hydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals with linear dimensions up to 60 cm and masses greater than 270 kg have been performed. The computational geometry corresponds very closely to the 1000-1 crystallizers currently in use at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for the growth of KDP crystals for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In a related paper (J. Crystal Growth 222 (2000) 263), the temporal and spatial character of the three-dimensional, time-dependent, turbulent flow field was discussed. This paper presents the corresponding results concerning the mass transfer occurring at the crystal surface during the rapid growth process. Emphasis is placed on studying the surface concentration or supersaturation distribution, since it is critically involved in the processes of morphological instability and inclusion formation. The temporal and spatial evolution of the surface supersaturation is studied as a function of crystal size, growth rate, and rotation conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Robey, HF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus Program, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2003 VL 259 IS 4 BP 388 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.06.001 PG 16 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 743CX UT WOS:000186555800008 ER PT J AU Heber, E Kreimann, EL Nigg, D Itoiz, ME Garavaglia, RN Roberti, MJ Jimenez, R Rebagliati Gettar, RT Batistoni, D Trivillin, V Schwint, AE AF Heber, E Kreimann, EL Nigg, D Itoiz, ME Garavaglia, RN Roberti, MJ Jimenez, R Rebagliati Gettar, RT Batistoni, D Trivillin, V Schwint, AE TI Biodistribution of Gb-10 (Na210b10h10) for BNCT in oral cancer. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Interantional-Association-for-Dental-Research CY NOV 08-09, 2002 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP Int Assoc Dent Res C1 CNEA, Dept Radiobiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. CNEA, Dept Chem, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM schwint@cnea.gov.ar NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 SI C BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 775UD UT WOS:000189078300090 ER PT J AU Heber, EM Trivillin, VA Itoiz, ME Nigg, D Kreimann, EL Schwint, AE AF Heber, EM Trivillin, VA Itoiz, ME Nigg, D Kreimann, EL Schwint, AE TI Effect of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on normal and precancerous tissue in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Interantional-Association-for-Dental-Research CY NOV 08-09, 2002 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP Int Assoc Dent Res C1 Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Radiobiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 SI C BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 775UD UT WOS:000189078300195 ER PT J AU Kinney, JH Habelitz, S Marshall, SJ Marshall, GW AF Kinney, JH Habelitz, S Marshall, SJ Marshall, GW TI The importance of intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen on the mechanical properties of dentin SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dentin; Young's modulus; hardness; mineralization; collagen ID DENTINOGENESIS-IMPERFECTA; ELASTIC-MODULUS; REMINERALIZATION; LESIONS; CARIES; BONE; INDENTATION; DENTIFRICE; MICROSCOPE; MODEL AB It is widely held that the hardness and modulus of dentin increase in proportion to the mineral concentration. To test this belief, we measured hardness and modulus of normal dentin and an altered form of dentin without gap-zone mineralization in wet and dry conditions by AFM nanoindentation to determine if the modulus and hardness scale linearly with mineral concentration. Mineral concentrations in the mid-coronal location of the normal and altered dentins were 44.4 vol% and 30.9 vol%, respectively. Surrounding the pulp of the altered dentin was a region of higher mineralization, 40.5 vol%. The indentation modulus of normal dentin was 23.9 (SD = 1.1) GPa dry and 20.0 (SD = 1.0) GPa wet. In midcoronal regions of the altered dentin, the indentation modulus was 13.8 (SD = 2.0) GPa dry and 5.7 (SD = 1.4) GPa wet. In the more mineralized regions of the altered dentin, the modulus was 20.4 (SD = 1.8) GPa dry and 5.3 (SD = 0.8) GPa wet; the properties of the altered wet dentin did not correlate with mineral concentration. The results of this study raise doubt as to whether mineral concentration alone is a sufficient endpoint for assessing the success or failure of remineralization approaches in restorative dentistry. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kinney, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE09859] NR 22 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 4 U2 24 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 957 EP 961 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 747RL UT WOS:000186818500004 PM 14630894 ER PT J AU Silling, SA Zimmermann, M Abeyaratne, R AF Silling, SA Zimmermann, M Abeyaratne, R TI Deformation of a peridynamic bar SO JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY LA English DT Article DE linear integral equations; Fredholm integral equations; peridynamic; Fourier transform; discontinuity; Green's function; point load; elastic bar ID PLANE FINITE ELASTOSTATICS; DISCONTINUOUS GRADIENTS; ELLIPTICITY; ELASTICITY AB The deformation of all infinite bar subjected to a self-equilibrated load distribution is investigated using the peridynamic formulation of elasticity theory. The peridynamic theory differs from the classical theory and other nonlocal theories in that it does not involve spatial derivatives of the displacement field. The bar problem is formulated as a linear Fredholm integral equation and solved using Fourier transform methods. The solution is shown to exhibit, in general, features that are not found in the classical result. Among these are decaying oscillations in the displacement field and progressively weakening discontinuities that propagate outside of the loading region. These features, when present, are guaranteed to decay provided that the wave speeds are real. This leads to a one-dimensional version of St. Venant's principle for peridynamic materials that ensures the increasing smoothness of the displacement field remotely from the loading region. The peridynamic result converges to the classical result ill the limit of short-range forces. An example gives the solution to the concentrated load problem, and hence provides the Green's function for general loading problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Silling, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys Dept, MS-0820, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sasilli@sandia.gor NR 14 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0374-3535 J9 J ELASTICITY JI J. Elast. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 173 EP 190 DI 10.1023/B:ELAS.0000029931.03844.4f PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 823CY UT WOS:000221588500008 ER PT J AU Cook, BA Anderson, IE Harringa, JL Kang, SK AF Cook, BA Anderson, IE Harringa, JL Kang, SK TI Isothermal aging of near-eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys and its effect on electrical resistivity SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE Pb-free solder; electrical resistivity; heat treatment; microstructure ID JOINTS AB Solder joints were prepared from seven eutectic and near-eutectic Sn-based compositions and characterized for electrical resistivity after 100 h and 1,000 h of isothermal aging at 423 K. The solder joint samples were prepared by hand soldering to copper substrates, and the post-heat treatment resistivity was measured at room temperature in a specially designed, four-point probe fixture. Compositions tested included Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.7Ag-0.9Cu, Sn-3.7Ag0.5Cu, Sn-3.6Ag-1.0Cu, and Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu. In addition, the effect of a minor addition of a fourth element, designed to improve high-temperature shear strength, was also evaluated in the compositions Sn-3.7Ag-0.6Cu-0.3Co and Sn-3.7Ag-0.7Cu-0.2Fe. The observed changes in electrical resistivity are discussed in terms of microstructural coarsening, diffusional transport from the substrate, and nucleation of precipitate phases. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, United States Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Microelect Packaging Technol, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Cook, BA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, United States Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cook@ameslab.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1384 EP 1391 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0105-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 761DR UT WOS:000187885200006 ER PT J AU Tang, Y AF Tang, Y TI Numerical evaluation of uniform beam modes SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE beams; vibration; buckling; numerical analysis; evaluation AB The equation for calculating the normal modes of a uniform beam under transverse free vibration involves the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions. These functions are exponential growing without bound. Tables for the natural frequencies and the corresponding normal modes are available for the numerical evaluation up to the 16th mode. For modes higher than the 16th, the accuracy of the numerical evaluation will be lost due to the round-off errors in the floating-point math imposed by the digital computers. Also, it is found that the functions of beam modes commonly presented in the structural dynamics books are not suitable for numerical evaluation. In this paper, these functions are rearranged and expressed in a different form. With these new equations, one can calculate the normal modes accurately up to at least the 100th mode. Mike's Arbitrary Precision Math, an arbitrary precision math library, is used in the paper to verify the accuracy. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tang, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2003 VL 129 IS 12 BP 1475 EP 1477 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 745ZK UT WOS:000186721300012 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Blum, H Nosberger, J Long, SP AF Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Blum, H Nosberger, J Long, SP TI Variation in acclimation of photosynthesis in Trifolium repens after eight years of exposure to Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; gas exchange; global atmospheric change; global climate change; grassland; nitrogen fixation; photosynthetic electron transport; Rubisco; white clover ID SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROGEN NUTRITION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; CLOVER SWARDS; WHITE CLOVER; LONG-TERM; GRASSLAND; GROWTH AB The initial stimulation of photosynthesis observed on elevation of [CO2] in grasslands has been predicted to be a transient phenomenon constrained by the loss of photosynthetic capacity due to other limitations, notably nutrients and sinks for carbohydrates. Legumes might be expected partially to escape these feedbacks through symbiotic N-2 fixation. The Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment at Eschikon, Switzerland, has been the longest running investigation of the effects of open-air elevation of [CO2] on vegetation. The prediction of a long-term loss of photosynthetic capacity was tested by analysing photosynthesis in Trifolium repens L. (cv. Milkanova) in the spring and autumn of the eighth, ninth and tenth years of treatment. A high and low N treatment also allowed a test of the significance of exogenous N-supply in maintaining a stimulation of photosynthetic capacity in the long-term. Prior work in this Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment has revealed that elevated [CO2] increased both vegetative and reproductive growth of T. repens independent of N treatment. It is shown here that the photosynthetic response of T. repens was also independent of N fertilization under both current ambient and elevated (600 mumol mol(-1)) [CO2]. There was a strong effect of season on photosynthesis, with light-saturated rates (A(sat)) 37% higher in spring than in autumn. Higher A(sat) in the spring was supported by higher maximum Rubisco carboxylation rates (V,,m,x) and maximum rates of electron transport (J(max)) contributing to RuBP regeneration. Elevated [CO2] increased A(sat) by 37% when averaged across all measurement periods and both N fertilization levels, and decreased stomatal conductance by 25%. In spring, there was no effect of elevated [CO2] on photosynthetic capacity of leaves, but in autumn both V-c,V-max and J(max) were reduced by approximately 20% in elevated [CO2]. The results show that acclimation of photosynthetic capacity can occur in a nitrogen-fixing species, in the field where there are no artificial restrictions on sink capacity. However, even with acclimation there was a highly significant increase in photosynthesis at elevated [CO2]. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 379 Edward R Madigan Lab,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 54 IS 393 BP 2769 EP 2774 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg309 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 752EM UT WOS:000187146900018 PM 14585828 ER PT J AU Matveev, KI AF Matveev, KI TI Energy consideration of the nonlinear effects in a Rijke tube SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB The goal of this work is to characterize the excited states of a thermoacoustic system with mean flow. The properties of excited regimes are determined by the balance between thermoacoustic energy transformation and acoustic losses. In many systems, the sound intensity is not sufficient for nonlinear acoustic losses to be a major factor in defining nonlinear saturation of thermoacoustic instability. It is the nonlinearity of the heat transfer process that is responsible for limit-cycle stabilization of linearly unstable acoustic modes and for the appearance of higher harmonics. In the present study, both a nonlinear theory based on energy consideration and a model for the nonlinear convective heat transfer in unsteady flow are developed. Experimental data are obtained for the excited regimes of operation of an electric Rijke tube. Model results for hysteresis in the transition between stable and excited states and for limit-cycle parameters are compared with test data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Matveev, KI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 783 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2003.07.016 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 750KJ UT WOS:000186989600009 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Barlow, RS Gore, JP AF Zheng, Y Barlow, RS Gore, JP TI Spectral radiation properties of partially premixed turbulent flames SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE combustion; heat transfer; Monte Carlo; radiation; turbulence ID THERMAL-RADIATION; METHANE AB Instantaneous spectral radiation intensities of three standard turbulent jet flames were measured and simulated in this study. In the simulation, a recently developed technique was adapted to reconstruct the local integral time and length scales in the flames. The simulated radiation properties, including mean, root mean square, probability density function, power spectral density and autocorrelation coefficient, were generally within 10% of the measurements. The macro time and length scales were found to increase with increasing distance from the axis and the radial averages of these scales were found to increase with down stream distance but decrease with Reynolds number. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zheng, Y (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2003 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1065 EP 1073 DI 10.1115/1.1621902 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 750KL UT WOS:000186989800011 ER PT J AU Kulesza, A Stirling, WJ AF Kulesza, A Stirling, WJ TI Non-perturbative effects and the resummed Higgs transverse momentum distribution at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD; phenomenological models; hadronic colliders ID DRELL-YAN PROCESS; PARTON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; ELECTROWEAK BOSON PRODUCTION; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; ORDER QCD CORRECTIONS; CROSS-SECTION; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; LOGARITHMIC CORRECTIONS; GLUON RESUMMATION; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV AB We investigate the form of the non-perturbative parameterization in both the impact parameter (b) space and transverse momentum (p(T)) space resummation formalisms for the transverse momentum distribution of single massive bosons produced at hadron colliders. We propose to analyse data on gamma hadroproduction as a means of studying the non-perturbative contribution in processes with two gluons in the initial state. We also discuss the theoretical errors on the resummed Higgs transverse momentum distribution at the LHC arising from the non-perturbative contribution. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Kulesza, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Anna.Kulesza@bnl.gov; W.J.Stirling@durham.ac.uk NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 IS 12 AR 056 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 780FL UT WOS:000189361600055 ER PT J AU Lillie, B AF Lillie, B TI Yukawa hierarchies from extra dimensions with small FCNC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quark masses and SM parameters; beyond Standard Model; compactification and string models ID DARK-MATTER; COMPACTIFICATION; MILLIMETER; VIOLATION; PARTICLE; MASS; TEV AB We investigate a class of extra dimensional models where all of the Standard Model fermions are localized to a single fixed point in an S-1/Z(2) orbifold, and each species is localized with an exponential wavefunction with a different width. We show that this naturally generates Yukawa hierarchies of the size present in the Standard Model, and we find a set of model parameters that reproduces the observed masses and mixings to experimental accuracy. In addition, the dominant constraints, arising from flavor changing neutral currents, are shown to restrict the compactification scale to be 1/R greater than or equal to 2 - 5 TeV, which is a much less stringent constraint than in similar extra dimensional models of the Yukawa hierarchy. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM lillieb@slac.stanford.edu NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 IS 12 AR 030 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 780FL UT WOS:000189361600029 ER PT J AU Leung, LR Qian, Y AF Leung, LR Qian, Y TI The sensitivity of precipitation and snowpack simulations to model resolution via nesting in regions of complex terrain SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PART I; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; MEDIUM-RANGE; COOL-SEASON; MM5 AB This paper examines the sensitivity of regional climate simulations to increasing spatial resolution via nesting by means of a 20-yr simulation of the western United States at 40-km resolution and a 5-yr simulation at 13-km resolution for the Pacific Northwest and California. The regional simulation at 40-km resolution shows a lack of precipitation along coastal hills, good agreement with observations on the windward slopes of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada, but overprediction on the leeside and the basins beyond. Snowpack is grossly underpredicted throughout the western United States when compared against snowpack telemetry (snotel) observations. During winter, higher spatial resolution mainly improves the precipitation simulation in the coastal hills and basins. Along the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada range, precipitation is strongly amplified at the higher spatial resolution. Higher resolution generally improves the spatial distribution of precipitation to yield a higher spatial correlation between simulations and observations. During summer, higher resolution improves not only the spatial distribution but also the regional mean precipitation. In the Olympic Mountains and along the Coastal Range, increased precipitation at higher resolution reflects mainly a shift from light to heavy precipitation events. In the Cascades and Sierra Nevada, increased precipitation is mainly associated with more frequent heavy precipitation at higher resolution. Changes in precipitation from 40- to 13-km resolution depend on synoptic conditions such as wind direction and moisture transport. The use of higher spatial resolution improves snowpack more than precipitation. However, results presented in this paper suggest that accuracy in the snow simulation is also limited by factors such as deficiencies in the land surface model or biases in other model variables. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Leung, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 50 TC 81 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1043 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1025:TSOPAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757EB UT WOS:000187534900004 ER PT J AU Leung, LR Qian, Y Han, J Roads, JO AF Leung, LR Qian, Y Han, J Roads, JO TI Intercomparison of global reanalyses and regional simulations of cold season water budgets in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBGRID OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATE SIMULATION; RIVER-BASIN; PART II; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; HYDROLOGY; HYDROCLIMATE; RESOLUTION AB Estimating water budgets of river basins in the western United States is a challenge because of the effects of complex terrain and lack of comprehensive observational datasets. This study aims at comparing different estimates of cold season water budgets of the Columbia River (CRB) and Sacramento-San Joaquin River (SSJ) basins. An intercomparison was performed based on the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis I (NRA1), NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis II (NRA2), ECMWF reanalyses (ERA), regional climate simulations produced by the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) and NCEP Regional Spectral Model (RSM) driven by the reanalyses, and two precipitation datasets gridded at 2.5degrees and 1/8degrees for 7 yr between 1986 and 1993. The purpose of the intercomparison was to understand the effects of spatial resolution, model configuration and associated parameterizations, and large-scale conditions on basin-scale water budgets. Overall, the regional simulations were superior to the global reanalyses in terms of the spatial distribution of mean precipitation and precipitation anomalies. However, cold season precipitation was generally amplified in the regional models. Basin mean precipitation was typically higher than observed in the regional models and less than observed in the reanalyses. The amplification was the largest in the RSM simulation driven by NRA2, which had the biggest difference between the reanalyzed and regional simulation of basin mean precipitation. ERA and the MM5 simulations driven by ERA provided the best basin mean precipitation estimates when compared to the 1/8degrees observational dataset. Large differences remain in estimating the water budgets of western river basins, such as CRB and SSJ. In terms of atmospheric moisture flux, there was a 15%-20% difference between the global reanalyses. In terms of basin mean precipitation, differences among the reanalyses, regional simulations, and observations were as large as 100% of the overall mean. There were large differences in spatial distribution of precipitation between the RSM and MM5 simulations because of terrain representations and other factors. Runoff and snowpack showed the most sensitivity to model differences in spatial resolution, physics parameterizations, and model representations. Better simulations of basin mean precipitation did not necessarily imply superior simulations of runoff or snowpack. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Leung, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1087 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1067:IOGRAR>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757EB UT WOS:000187534900006 ER PT J AU Radovan, HA Murphy, TP Palm, EC Tozer, SW Hall, D Sarrao, JL AF Radovan, HA Murphy, TP Palm, EC Tozer, SW Hall, D Sarrao, JL TI Vortex dynamics in heavy fermion CeCoIn5 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE vortex dynamics; CeCoIn5; remanent magnetization relaxation ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETIC-RELAXATION; UBE13; UPT3 AB Local magnetic measurements utilizing a micro-Hall probe were performed on a superconducting heavy fermion CeCoIn5 single crystal. We show that the critical current follows a power law as predicted by Ginzburg-Landau theory. This behavior is found to be universal in different heavy fermion and high-T-c superconducting materials. Furthermore, we report on remanent magnetization relaxation showing a high relaxation rate with approximately linear temperature dependence. Although qualitatively similar to another undoped heavy fermion, UBe13, this relaxation rate is significantly higher, providing evidence that CeCoIn5 can be grown in the clean limit. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Radovan, HA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 133 IS 5-6 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1023/A:1026247808957 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 734QE UT WOS:000186067400002 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Park, JM Lee, SJ Pecharsky, AO Gschneidner, KA AF Zhang, W Park, JM Lee, SJ Pecharsky, AO Gschneidner, KA TI Optical and magneto-optical properties of Tb(Mn1-xFex)(2) compounds where x-0.35, 0.5, 0.65 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE terbium-manganese-iron Laves phases; magneto-optical properties; Kerr effect; MOKE; optical properties; ellipsometry ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TBFE2; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; DYFE2; RFE2 AB The room temperature optical and magneto-optical properties of the polycrystalline Tb(Mn1-xFex)(2) compounds where x = 0.35, 0.5, 0.65 were investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and magneto-optical polar Kerr spectrometry (MOPKS). The diagonal component of the optical conductivity tensor (sigma(xx)) of the compound was obtained by SE in the 1.6-5.0 eV region and the magneto-optical parameters [Kerr rotation (theta(K)) and ellipticity (epsilon(K))] by MOPKS in the 1.5-5.5 eV energy range. The magnitudes of the Kerr rotation and ellipticity of Tb(Mn1-xFex)(2) for x = 0.5 and 0.65 in the ultraviolet (UV) region are much larger than those of Tb(Mn1-xFex)(2) for x = 0.35. The origin of the difference in the spectra was explained on the basis of the electronic and magnetic properties of the compounds. The large room temperature values of the Kerr rotation in the UV region for x = 0.5 and 0.65 suggests these alloys might be candidate materials for magneto-optical applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 255 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 267 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00353-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 742KB UT WOS:000186515000008 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Ribeiro, RA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Detailed study of the magnetic phase transitions in single crystalline HoNi2B2C and DyNi2B2C SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE borocarbides; phase transitions; magnetization; superconductivity; antiferromagnetic ID METAMAGNETIC TRANSITIONS; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HEAT; TEMPERATURE; TMNI2B2C; YNI2B2C; FIELD; ORDER AB We have studied the magnetic phase transitions in single phase, single crystalline HoNi2B2C and DyNi2B2C by measuring the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical resistivity. This study was undertaken in order to clarify the question of whether DyNi2B2C has a second, higher temperature magnetic phase transition near 16 K. HoNi2,B,C has a cascade of magnetic phase transitions between 5 and 6 K. In addition to the superconducting phase transition near 9 K, three magnetic transitions (6.0, 5.5, and 5.2 K) can be easily detected in both of the thermodynamic measurements and are also seen in the electrical transport. The data taken on HoNi2B2C clearly demonstrates that multiple magnetic phase transitions can be readily detected (when they are actually present). In the case of DyNi2B2C only one magnetic phase transition (at T-N similar to 10 K) was detected. The only other phase transition associated with the DyNi2B2C sample was the lower temperature superconducting phase transition at 6.3 K. Despite extensive data collection and analysis, no sign of any phase transition between 10 and 20K in DyNi2B2C could be detected. This leads us to the conclusion that there is no 16 K magnetic phase transition associated with single phase, single crystal DyNi2B2C. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; NR 28 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 267 IS 2 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00355-X PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 742KB UT WOS:000186515000010 ER PT J AU Tang, YL Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW McCallum, RW Lewis, LH AF Tang, YL Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW McCallum, RW Lewis, LH TI On the control of microstructure in rapidly solidified Nd-Fe-B alloys through melt treatment SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Nd-Fe-B; melt-spinning; thermal history of melt; magnetic property ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SPUN RIBBONS; RANGE ORDER; ND2FE14B; ADDITIONS; COERCIVITY; CU AB Rapidly solidified (RS) Nd2Fe14B alloys were prepared by melt-spinning under different melt treatment conditions i.e., the melt temperature was varied prior to ejection onto the quenching wheel. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermal analysis and magnetic measurement were conducted on the as-quenched alloys to investigate their structural and magnetic characteristics. RS Nd2Fe14B alloys may display a variety of microstructures depending upon the thermal history of the melt before ejection: it was possible to synthesize an entirely amorphous structure, a partially amorphous structure containing nuclei and/or nanophases and a nanocrystalline structure. The relationship between the formation of crystalline nuclei or nanophases and the thermal history of the melt was studied. A lower melt ejection temperature produced a nanocrystalline microstructure, while higher melt ejection temperatures (T > 1723 K) largely eliminated the presence of nuclei and associated nanophases and produced an amorphous product. The experimental results indicated that optimization of the melt treatment conditions will produce rapidly solidified Nd-Fe-B alloys with a more uniform microstructure. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 267 IS 3 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00398-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 744CB UT WOS:000186609400005 ER PT J AU Fu, RW Zheng, B Liu, J Weiss, S Ying, JY Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Satcher, JH Baumann, TF AF Fu, RW Zheng, B Liu, J Weiss, S Ying, JY Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Satcher, JH Baumann, TF TI Fabrication of activated carbon fibers/carbon aerogels composites by gelation and supercritical drying in isopropanol SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROGELS; FORMALDEHYDE; RESORCINOL AB Activated carbon fiber/carbon aerogel (ACF/CA) composites were fabricated by gelling a mixture of ACF and resorcinol and furfural, followed by supercritical drying of the mixture in isopropanol. The product then went through carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere. The fabrication conditions, such as the mass content of R-F, the content of the ACF added, and the gelation temperature, were explored. The textures and pore structures of the ACF/CA composites thus obtained were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a surface area analyzer. The mechanical properties of the samples were assessed primarily through compressive tests. The experimental results indicated that the added ACF disperses uniformly in the resulting ACF/CA composites. The carbon matrix of the ACF/CA composites also consisted of interconnected carbon nanoparticles with sizes in the range of 20 to 30 nm. The ACFs can reinforce the related carbon aerogels when they originally have low mass density and are weak in mechanical strength. When large amounts of ACF were added to the composites, the micropore area and micropore volume of the composites increased, but their external surface area decreased. The mesopore volumes and the related diameters and mesopore size distributions of the ACF/CA composites were mainly affected by the mass density of the composites. The micropore sizes of all the composites were sharply concentrated at about 0.5 nm. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Zhongshan Univ, PCFM Lab, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dresselhaus, MS (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Ying, Jackie/A-8402-2012; Liu, Jie/B-4440-2010 OI Ying, Jackie/0000-0001-6938-2113; Liu, Jie/0000-0003-0451-6111 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 19 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2765 EP 2773 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0386 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 749XR UT WOS:000186955800006 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF De Jonghe, LC AF Zhang, XF De Jonghe, LC TI Thermal modification of microstructures and grain boundaries in silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRACK DEFLECTION PROCESSES; HEAT-TREATMENT; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM; PHASE; COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS; ADDITIONS; CERAMICS; FATIGUE AB Polycrystalline SiC samples hot pressed with aluminum, boron, and carbon sintering additions (ABC-SiC) were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The study focused on the effects of high-temperature treatment on microstructure. Three temperatures, at which considerable microstructural changes took place, were found to be critical. At a threshold temperature of approximately 1000 degreesC, 1-nm-wide, amorphous intergranular films started to crystallize. At approximately 1300 degreesC, lattice diffusion in SiC grains resulted in nanoprecipits, which could diffuse into grain boundaries and significantly altered composition. Quantitative microanalysis revealed doubled Al content in intergranular films after annealing at 1300 degreesC. Except for crystallization in intergranular films and nano-precipitation in matrix grains, microstructure remained stable until 1600 degreesC, when microstructural changes with volatile features occurred. A brief holding at 1900 degreesC brought marked changes in microstructure, including structural change in intergranular films, dissolved nanoprecipitates, unit cell dilation, and cracking. The results indicate that ABC-SiC is highly promising in structural applications at up to 1500 degreesC. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2807 EP 2813 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0391 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 749XR UT WOS:000186955800011 ER PT J AU Kaydanova, T Miedaner, A Curtis, C Alleman, J Perkins, JD Ginley, DS Sengupta, L Zhang, X He, S Chiu, L AF Kaydanova, T Miedaner, A Curtis, C Alleman, J Perkins, JD Ginley, DS Sengupta, L Zhang, X He, S Chiu, L TI Direct inkjet printing of composite thin barium strontium titanate films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE CAPACITORS AB Composite Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/MgO thin films with 60% tuning and tan delta of 0.007 at 2 GHz were deposited using metal organic decomposition inks by spin coating on single crystal MgO substrates. The films with approximately 1 mol% MgO in Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 had a better tuning/loss ratio than either the 0 or the 10 mol% MgO substituted films. Crystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films were produced on both MgO and alumina substrates by inkjet printing of metalorganic precursors with subsequent thermal decomposition followed by annealing at 900 degreesC. Barium strontium titanate lines as narrow as 100 mum were printed on the alumina substrates. The inkjet-printed films were predominantly (100) oriented on MgO and (110) oriented on alumina. The crystalline quality of the inkjet-printed films was improved by annealing at 1100 degreesC for 3 h in oxygen. Both the printed and the spin-coated films had smooth surfaces (300 A root-mean-square roughness) as required for subsequent deposition of high-resolution metal electrodes. An inkjet-printed Bao.5Sr0.5TiO3 film (3500) on MgO annealed at 1100 degreesC had 20% tunability of the dielectric constant (epsilon) at 9.1 V/mum direct current bias and tan delta < 0.002 at 1 MHz. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Paratek Microwave, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Kaydanova, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2820 EP 2825 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0393 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 749XR UT WOS:000186955800013 ER PT J AU Yang, P Burns, GR Rodriguez, MA AF Yang, P Burns, GR Rodriguez, MA TI Field-induced strain associated with polarization reversal in a rhombohedral ferroelectric ceramic SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BARIUM TITANATE; DOMAIN-WALLS AB The polarization reversal process in a rhombohedral ferroelectric ceramic material was investigated using field-induced strain measurements and texture development. Special attention was focused on the difference in the field-induced strains between the first quarter cycle and subsequent loading conditions. Results show that the initial field-induced strain is about twelve times greater than the subsequent strain, which immediately suggests that mechanisms involved in these conditions during the polarization reversal process are different. The difference in the magnitude of field-induced strain is discussed in terms of 180degrees and non-180degrees domain reorientation processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2869 EP 2873 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0400 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 749XR UT WOS:000186955800020 ER PT J AU Suresh, A Mayo, MJ Porter, WD AF Suresh, A Mayo, MJ Porter, WD TI Thermodynamics of the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in fine and nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia powders SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIZE DEPENDENCE; PARTICLE-SIZE; GRAIN-SIZE; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; BARIUM-TITANATE; STRUCTURAL METASTABILITY; NANOSTRUCTURED Y2O3; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MELTING-POINT; TEMPERATURE AB The current study uses high-temperature differential scanning calorimetry to document the shift in phase-transformation temperature with particle size throughout a series of alloys in the zirconia-yttria system (0-1.5 mol% yttria). The tetragonal-to-monoclinic (T-->M) phase-transformation temperature is seen to vary inversely with particle size. It is shown that a simple thermodynamic approach first proposed by Garvie predicts this inverse linear relationship. Subsequent determination of the key thermodynamic parameters therein (e.g., the surface and volume free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes involved in the phase transformation) allows a complete predictive equation for the T-->M phase transformation in the yttria-zirconia system to be developed as a function of particle size and yttria dopant level. The yttria-zirconia phase diagram is then redrawn with grain size as a third variable. It should be stressed that the current analysis is valid for particulate systems only; a parallel paper tackles the problem for fine-grained yttria-zirconia solids, where the approach is similar, but additional strain energy terms come into play. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Engn, Bldg 090, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mmayo@nas.edu NR 55 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2912 EP 2921 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0406 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 749XR UT WOS:000186955800026 ER PT J AU Chen, KC Ford, RM Cummings, PT AF Chen, KC Ford, RM Cummings, PT TI Cell balance equation for chemotactic bacteria with a biphasic tumbling frequency SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemotaxis; random motility; series expansion; perturbation theory ID TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RANDOM MOTILITY; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; FLAGELLAR MOTOR; POROUS-MEDIA; MIGRATION; MODEL; POPULATIONS; COEFFICIENTS AB Alt's three-dimensional cell balance equation characterizing the chemotactic bacteria was analyzed under the presence of one-dimensional spatial chemoattractant gradients. Our work differs from that of others who have developed rather general models for chemotaxis in the use of a non-smooth anisotropic tumbling frequency function that responds biphasically to the combined temporal and spatial chemoattractant gradients. General three-dimensional expressions for the bacterial transport parameters were derived for chemotactic bacteria, followed by a perturbation analysis under the planar geometry. The bacterial random motility and chemotaxis were summarized by a motility tensor and a chemotactic velocity vector, respectively. The consequence of invoking the diffusion-approximation assumption and using intrinsic one-dimensional models with modified cellular swimming speeds was investigated by numerical simulations. Characterizing the bacterial random orientation after tumbles by a turn angle probability distribution function, we found that only the first-order angular moment of this turn angle probability distribution is important in influencing the bacterial long-term transport. C1 NCI, Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nanomat Theory Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, KC (reprint author), NCI, Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0303-6812 J9 J MATH BIOL JI J. Math. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 6 BP 518 EP 546 DI 10.1007/s00285-003-0216-8 PG 29 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 756RJ UT WOS:000187494500002 PM 14618378 ER PT J AU Kauffman, ME Keener, WK Clingenpeel, SR Watwood, ME Reed, DW Fujita, Y Lehman, RM AF Kauffman, ME Keener, WK Clingenpeel, SR Watwood, ME Reed, DW Fujita, Y Lehman, RM TI Use of 3-hydroxyphenylacetylene for activity-dependent, fluorescent labeling of bacteria that degrade toluene via 3-methylcatechol SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE activity; fluorogenic; 3-hydroxyphenylacetylene; phenylacetylene; toluene; chromogenic ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA F1; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; PATHWAY; DIOXYGENASE; CATABOLISM AB 3-Hydroxyphenylacetylene (3-HPA) served as a novel, activity-dependent, fluorogenic and chromogenic probe for bacterial enzymes known to degrade toluene via meta ring fission of the intermediate, 3-methylcatechol. By this direct physiological analysis, cells grown with an aromatic substrate to induce the synthesis of toluene-degrading enzymes were fluorescently labeled. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Keener, WK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS-2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Reed, David/C-3337-2017; OI Reed, David/0000-0003-4877-776X; Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178; Clingenpeel, Scott/0000-0002-6619-6320 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2003 VL 55 IS 3 BP 801 EP 805 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.07.001 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 747UP UT WOS:000186823500027 PM 14607424 ER PT J AU Lee, AP McConaghy, CE Sommargren, G Krulevitch, P Campbell, EW AF Lee, AP McConaghy, CE Sommargren, G Krulevitch, P Campbell, EW TI Vertical-actuated electrostatic comb drive with in situ capacitive position correction for application in phase shifting diffraction interferometry SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE comb drive; electrostatic; phase shifting interferometry; position control; surface micromachining; vertical levitation ID MIRRORS AB This research utilizes the levitation effect of electrostatic comb fingers to design vertical-to-the-substrate actuation for optical phase shifting interferometry applications. For typical polysilicon comb drives with 2 mum gaps between the stationary and moving fingers, as well as between the microstructures and the substrate, the equilibrium position is nominally 1-2 mum above the stationary comb fingers. This distance is ideal for most phase shifting interferometric applications. A parallel plate capacitor between the suspended mass and the substrate provides in situ position sensing to control the vertical movement, providing a total feedback-controlled system. The travel range of the designed vertical microactuator is 1.2 mum. Since the levitation force is not linear to the input voltage, a lock-in amplifier capacitive sensing circuit combined with a digital signal processor enables a linearized travel trajectory with 1.5 nm position control accuracy. A completely packaged micro phase shifter is described in this paper. One application for this microactuator is to provide linear phase shifting in the phase shifting diffraction interferometer (PSDI) developed at LLNL which can perform optical metrology down to 2Angstrom accuracy. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Biomed Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Biomed Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM aplee@uci.edu RI Lee, Abraham/E-7401-2011 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 960 EP 971 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2003.820262 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 761VP UT WOS:000187936400023 ER PT J AU Sharpe, SW Blake, TA Sams, RL Maki, A Masiello, T Barber, J Vulpanovici, N Nibler, JW Weber, A AF Sharpe, SW Blake, TA Sams, RL Maki, A Masiello, T Barber, J Vulpanovici, N Nibler, JW Weber, A TI The nu(3) and 2 nu(3) bands of (SO3)-S-32-O-16, (SO3)-S-32-O-18, (SO3)-S-34-O-16, and (SO3)-S-34-O-18 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID SULPHUR TRIOXIDE; NU(1) CARS SPECTRUM; INFRARED HOT BANDS; SULFUR-TRIOXIDE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FORCE-FIELD; SO3; NU(2); V2; V4 AB This sixth of a series of publications on the high-resolution rotation-vibration spectra of sulfur trioxide reports the results of a systematic study of the v(3) and 2v(3) infrared bands of the four symmetric top isotopomers (SO3)-S-32-O-16, (SO3)-S-32-O-18, (SO3)-S-34-O-16, and (SO3)-S-34-O-18. An internal coupling between the l = 0(A(1)(')) and l = 2(E') levels of the 2v(3) states was observed. This small perturbation results in a level crossing between \k - l\ = 9 and 12, in consequence of which the band origins of the A'(1), l = 0 "ghost" states could be determined to a high degree of accuracy. Ground and upper state rotational constants as well as vibrational anharmonicity constants are reported. The constants for the center-of-mass substituted species (SO3)-S-32-O-16 and (SO3)-S-34-O-16 vary only slightly, as do the constants for the (SO3)-S-32-O-18, (SO3)-S-34-O-18 pair. The S-O bond lengths for the vibrational ground states of the species (SO3)-S-32-O-16, (SO3)-S-34-O-16, (SO3)-S-32-O-18, and (SO3)-S-34-O-18 are, respectively, 141.981 99(l), 141.979 38(6), 141.972 78(8), and 141.969 93(8) pm, where the uncertainties, given in parentheses, are two standard deviations and refer to the last digits of the associated quantity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 222 IS 2 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2003.08.001 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 750JY UT WOS:000186988600002 ER PT J AU Hurley, RA Ernst, T Khalili, K Del Valle, L Simone, IL Taber, KH AF Hurley, RA Ernst, T Khalili, K Del Valle, L Simone, IL Taber, KH TI Identification of HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTON MR SPECTROSCOPY; AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; METABOLITE ABNORMALITIES; BRAIN-LESIONS; NEURONAL LOSS; INFECTION; CIDOFOVIR; HAART C1 Univ Bari, Dept Neurol & Psychiat Sci, Bari, Italy. Temple Univ, Ctr Neurovirol & Canc Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Herbert J Frensley Ctr Imaging Res, Dept Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Herbert J Frensley Ctr Imaging Res, Dept Psychiat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Herbert J Frensley Ctr Imaging Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Care Line, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Taber, KH (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Herbert J Frensley Ctr Imaging Res, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Del Valle, Luis/J-4085-2015 OI Del Valle, Luis/0000-0003-3894-9206 FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS041209] NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15.1.1 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 641RH UT WOS:000180759300001 PM 12556565 ER PT J AU Tillotson, TM Reynolds, JG AF Tillotson, TM Reynolds, JG TI Structure and characterization of sol-gel and aerogel materials and oxidation products from the reaction of (CH3O)(4)Si and C16H33Si(OCH3)(3) SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SILICA AEROGELS; HYDROPHOBIC AEROGELS; TETRAETHOXYSILANE; HYDROLYSIS; POROSITY; MIXTURES AB The hexadecyl substituted siloxane, C16H33Si(OCH3)(3), was reacted with (CH3O)(4)Si at the mole ratio of 1-3 in methanol using HBF4 catalysis. Sol-gel materials were formed that have low surface areas (similar to10 m(2)/g). Subsequent supercritical drying using CO2 at 40degreesC produced materials that are very different than traditional aerogels, with surface areas around the same values as the corresponding sol-gels, as well as no detectable meso-pore features. In some cases, the aerogels even melted upon heating. Spectroscopic characterization, using IR, Si-29 and C-13 NMR revealed normal Si-O substitution as well as incorporation of the carbon substituent into the Si framework. Heating of the stable forms of the materials in air at different temperatures yielded, depending upon oxidation conditions, several materials with much higher surface areas, typical of aerogels. Pore size distribution measurements revealed meso-pore features with a narrow distribution of 37-39 Angstrom. Spectroscopic characterization revealed the disappearance of the R-Si substitution and the appearance of an oxidized intermediate. This paper describes the chemistry and characterization of these unusual sol-gels, aerogels, and oxidation products. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, POB 808,L-092-369, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 331 IS 1-3 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.08.069 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 746TA UT WOS:000186762700018 ER PT J AU Clapsaddle, BJ Gash, AE Satcher, JH Simpson, RL AF Clapsaddle, BJ Gash, AE Satcher, JH Simpson, RL TI Silicon oxide in an iron(III) oxide matrix: the sol-gel synthesis and characterization of Fe-Si mixed oxide nanocomposites that contain iron oxide as the major phase SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE2O3/SIO2 NANOCOMPOSITES; FE(III) SALTS; NANOPARTICLES; AEROGELS; GAMMA-FE2O3; PRECURSORS; TRANSITION; OXIDATION; MONOLITHS AB The synthesis of Fe-Si mixed oxide nanocomposite materials in which the iron(III) oxide is the major component is described. In a typical synthesis, the iron oxide precursor, FeCl3 . 6H(2)O, was mixed with a silica precursor, tetramethylor tetraethylorthosilicate, in ethanol and gelled using an organic epoxide. The composition of the resulting materials was varied from Fe/Si (mol/mol) = 1-5 by adjusting the amount of silica precursor added to the FeCl3 . 6H(2)O solution. Further processing of the gels in supercritical CO2 resulted in monolithic, porous aerogel nanocomposite materials with surface areas ranging from 350-450 m(2)/g. The bulk materials are composed of iron(III) oxide/silica particles that vary in size from 5-20 nm depending on the epoxide used for gelation. Iron(III) oxide and silica dispersion throughout the bulk material is extremely uniform on the nanoscale. The synthesis method presented is general for the synthesis of several other metal oxide/silicon oxide nanocomposite materials. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-092, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM clapsaddle1@llnl.gov NR 38 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 331 IS 1-3 BP 190 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.08.068 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 746TA UT WOS:000186762700021 ER PT J AU Li, H Hrma, P Vienna, JD Qian, MX Su, YL Smith, DE AF Li, H Hrma, P Vienna, JD Qian, MX Su, YL Smith, DE TI Effects of Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, andSiO(2) on nepheline formation in borosilicate glasses: chemical and physical correlations SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-ALUMINOBOROSILICATE GLASSES; SILICATE-GLASSES; BORATE GLASSES; RAMAN; MELTS; VISCOSITY AB Raman spectroscopy was applied to complex sodium alumino-borosilicate glasses that precipitate nepheline as their primary phase. The main focus was on the Raman band at 850 cm(-1) (wavenumber) observed in quenched glasses. Based on the literature, the 850 cm(-1) band was assigned to Al-IV-O-Si units in which tetrahedral Al-IV are substituted for Si in the network, creating [AlO4/2](-) anions that are charge-balanced by Na+ cations. The same glasses with various temperature histories were examined with optical microscopy, scanning electron microcopy and transmission electronic microscopy. The results indicated that the 850 cm(-1) Raman band was associated with nanocrystals that formed in the melts and were preserved in the quenched samples. The chemistry of these nanocrystals resembled nepheline. Models relating the intensity of the Raman band at 850 cm(-1) and the liquidus temperature (T-L) to glass composition revealed that a relationship exists between these two properties. An increase in B2O3 and SiO2 decreased the Raman band intensity and the T-L, whereas an increase in Al2O3 and Na2O increased both properties. These effects were attributed to the influence of various oxides on the Na+-[AlO4/2](-) activity in the melt. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), PPG Ind Inc, Glass Technol Ctr, Fiber Glass Sci & Technol, POB 2844, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. NR 35 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 331 IS 1-3 BP 202 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.08.082 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 746TA UT WOS:000186762700022 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN Stoller, R Voskoboinikov, RE AF Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN Stoller, R Voskoboinikov, RE TI MD description of damage production in displacement cascades in copper and alpha-iron SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERET, SWITZERLAND ID STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRA; SCALE COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SELF-INTERSTITIAL ATOMS; DEFECT PRODUCTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VACANCY LOOPS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DISLOCATION LOOPS; BODY POTENTIALS; BCC METALS AB Molecular dynamics computer simulation was applied for an extensive study of primary damage creation in displacement cascades in copper and a-iron. Primary knock-on atom energy, E-p, of up to 25 keV in copper and 100 keV in iron was considered for irradiation temperatures in the range 100-900 K. Special attention was paid to comprehensive statistical treatment of the number and type of defects created in cascades by conducting multiple simulations for each value of energy and temperature. The total number of point defects per cascade is significantly lower than that predicted by the NRT model and rather similar in the two metals. The fraction of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) and vacancies that agglomerate in clusters in the cascade process was analysed in detail. The clustered fraction of SIAs increases with temperature increase and is larger in copper than iron. SIA clusters have a variety of forms in both metals and, although most are glissile clusters of parallel crowdions, a significant fraction are sessile. The latter include Frank dislocation loops in copper. Tightly packed arrangements of vacancies do not form in iron, and so the fraction of clustered vacancies depends strongly on the range within which point defects are defined to be near-neighbours. Arrangements of vacancies in first-neighbour sites are common in copper. Most are irregular stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs). In 53 simulations of cascades with E-p = 25 keV at 100 K, the largest cluster formed contained 89 vacancies. The size spectrum of SFT-like clusters is similar to that found experimentally in neutron-irradiated copper, suggesting that the SFTs observed in experiment are formed directly in the cascade process. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn Mat Sci & Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn Mat Sci & Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 41 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.002 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300004 ER PT J AU Caturla, MJ de la Rubia, TD Fluss, M AF Caturla, MJ de la Rubia, TD Fluss, M TI Modeling microstructure evolution of f.c.c. metals under irradiation in the presence of He SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERET, SWITZERLAND ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; DEFECT ACCUMULATION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; COLLISION CASCADES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COPPER; FCC; CLUSTERS; ATOMS AB We use kinetic Monte Carlo simulations with input parameters obtained from molecular dynamics calculations to study microstructure evolution in irradiated f.c.c. metals in the presence of He. This model is able to reproduce the characteristic swelling curve of a f.c.c. metal and the dependence of this curve with dose rate. We provide an atomistic description of the evolution of defects produced by irradiation and particularly of void nucleation. Stable, nanometer size He-vacancy complexes, created at the early stages of damage accumulation can grow under irradiation forming voids. These voids are responsible for macroscopic changes in the material, such as volume changes (void swelling). These simulations show how the initial clustering of vacancies in the cascade core influences the evolution of the microstructure and the nucleation of bubbles and voids. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Alicante, Dept Appl Phys, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. RP Caturla, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.003 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300005 ER PT J AU Marian, J Wirth, BD Schaublin, R Odette, GR Perlado, JM AF Marian, J Wirth, BD Schaublin, R Odette, GR Perlado, JM TI MD modeling of defects in Fe and their interactions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERET, SWITZERLAND ID 111 SCREW DISLOCATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FUSION-REACTORS; ALPHA-IRON; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; CORE STRUCTURE; PURE IRON; BCC IRON; LOOPS; CLUSTERS AB Ferritic/martensitic steels considered as candidate first-wall materials for fusion reactors experience significant radiation hardening at temperatures below similar to400 degreesC. A number of experimental studies in ferritic alloys, performed at 1/2(111) and (100) in the higher temperatures, have shown the existence of large interstitial loops with Burgers vector 2 bulk, which may provide a significant contribution to the hardening caused during irradiation at lower temperatures. Hardening arises from a high number density of loops, voids and small precipitates, which pin system dislocations, impeding their free glide. In this work, we review the nature of the different interstitial dislocation loops observed in alpha-Fe and ferritic materials, assess the effect of substitutional impurities on migrating 1/2 (111) clusters, and apply atomistic modeling to investigate the mechanisms of formation and growth of (100) loops from smaller cascade-produced 1/2 (111) clusters. The proposed mechanism reconciles experimental observations with continuum elasticity theory and recent MD modeling of defect production in displacement cascades. In addition, the interaction of screw dislocations, known to control the low-temperature plastic response of b.c.c. materials to external stress, with (10 0) dislocation loops is investigated with MD, where the main physical mechanisms are identified, cutting angles estimated and a first-order estimation of the induced hardening is provided. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, Fus Technol & Mat, CK-5232 Villigen, PSI, Switzerland. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid 28006, Spain. RP Marian, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, MS 205-45,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015; Schaeublin, Robin/O-1426-2016 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285; Schaeublin, Robin/0000-0002-8379-9705 NR 42 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.037 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300007 ER PT J AU Morishita, K Sugano, R Wirth, BD AF Morishita, K Sugano, R Wirth, BD TI MD and KMC modeling of the growth and shrinkage mechanisms of helium-vacancy clusters in Fe SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERET, SWITZERLAND ID THERMAL-STABILITY; BUBBLE FORMATION; IRRADIATION; SIMULATION; DEPOSITION; METALS; IRON AB A multiscale modeling approach, which is based on atomistic simulations, was applied to investigate the growth and shrinkage mechanisms of helium-vacancy (He-V) clusters in Fe. Firstly, a molecular dynamics technique with empirical interatomic potentials was used to determine energies for the formation and dissociation of clusters as a function of their size and He density. Both the number of He atoms and vacancies in a cluster ranged from 0 to 20. The dissociation energy of clusters showed a strong dependence on the He density, rather than the cluster size, indicating that the growth and shrinkage of clusters strongly depend on the He density. Secondly, these dissociation energies were employed in a kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulation, to explore long-time cluster behavior. The KMC simulation indicated that He can stabilize He-V clusters by suppressing thermal vacancy emission and by promoting thermal self-interstitial Fe atom emission. A preliminary KMC simulation to investigate the migration behavior of He-V clusters is also presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Morishita, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 22 TC 109 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.019 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300013 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Ando, M Kohyama, A AF Katoh, Y Ando, M Kohyama, A TI Radiation and helium effects on microstructures, nano-indentation properties and deformation behavior in ferrous alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERETS, SWITZERLAND ID FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEELS; CU ALLOYS; ION; DAMAGE; DISLOCATION; TANTALUM; DEFECTS; METALS; COPPER AB Accelerated ion irradiation, especially 'dual-beam' irradiation, is a useful technique for experimental exploration of irradiation effects and validation of irradiation effect models, because of the unique controllability in irradiation conditions including the helium production rate. In this work, the effects of irradiation and helium implantation on microstructural evolution, hardness and plastic deformation behavior in Fe-15Cr-20M model austenitic ternary alloy and Fe-8 similar to 9Cr-2W reduced-activation martensitic steels were studied through combined applications of ion irradiation, nano-indentation, focused ion-beam microprocessing and transmission electron microscopy. Systematic data on irradiation hardening are presented for broad irradiation conditions. Influences of helium implantation on irradiation-induced microstructural and nano-indentation hardness changes were not detected in the Fe-8 similar to 9Cr-2W steels, while they were significant in the Fe-15Cr-20Ni alloy. The interaction behavior of dislocation loops with moving dislocations and the strength of the loops as obstacles to dislocation motion are also discussed for these two material classes based on the hardness, and the irradiated and indented microstructures. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. EM katohy@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 30 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.007 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300014 ER PT J AU Lopasso, EM Caro, A Caro, M AF Lopasso, EM Caro, A Caro, M TI How fast are the ultra-fast nano-scale solid-liquid phase transitions induced by energetic particles in solids? SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERETS, SWITZERLAND ID METALS; ALLOYS AB We study the thermodynamic forces acting on the evolution of the nanoscale regions excited by collisions of energetic particles into solid targets. We analyze the role of diffusion, thermo-migration, and the liquidus-solidus two-phase field crossing, as the system cools down from the collision-induced melt under different conditions of energy deposition. To determine the relevance of these thermodynamic forces, solute redistribution is evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations of equilibrium Au-Ni solid solutions. At low collision energies, our results show that the quenching of spherical cascades is too fast to allow for solute redistribution according to equilibrium solidification as determined from the equilibrium phase diagram (zone refining effect), and only thermo-migration is observed. At higher energies instead, in the cylindrical symmetry of ion tracks, quenching rate is in a range that shows the combined effects of thermo-migration and solute redistribution that, depending on the material, can reinforce or cancel each other. These results are relevant for the interpretation of the early stage of radiation damage in alloys, and show that the combination of ultra-fast but nano-scale characteristics of these processes can still be described in terms of linear response of the perturbed system. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Queens Univ Belfast, Atomist Stimulat Grp, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Caro, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808-L-371, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM caro2@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.001 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300015 ER PT J AU Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ AF Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ TI Void and precipitate strengthening in alpha-iron: what can we learn from atomic-level modelling? SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERET, SWITZERLAND ID 111 SCREW DISLOCATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CORE STRUCTURE; METALS AB Defects created by radiation damage in materials can form obstacles to dislocation glide and thereby change the mechanical properties. Development of models of these effects requires understanding of the phenomena involved at both the atomic and continuum levels. This paper concentrates on the former level, and describes the application of a model developed recently to study the motion of an initially straight edge dislocation through a row of either voids or coherent copper precipitates in alpha-iron. The model can provide quantitative information on the stress-strain relationship, energy barrier profile and strength characteristics for dislocation-obstacle interaction, and the effects of stress, strain rate and temperature on the process can be investigated. New results on data and atomic-scale mechanisms associated with strengthening due to voids and precipitates over a range of size are presented and compared with earlier continuum treatments. It is shown that atomic-level simulation is essential for revealing information required for multiscale modelling of phenomena in radiation damage. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. RP Osetsky, YN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Bldg 4500S,MS-6138,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 17 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 268 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.028 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300016 ER PT J AU de Koning, M Kurtz, RJ Bulatov, VV Henager, CH Hoagland, RG Cai, W Nomura, M AF de Koning, M Kurtz, RJ Bulatov, VV Henager, CH Hoagland, RG Cai, W Nomura, M TI Modeling of dislocation-grain boundary interactions in FCC metals SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERET, SWITZERLAND ID SLIP TRANSMISSION; RESISTANCE; DEFECTS AB In this paper recent 2D and 3D computational modeling studies of the interaction between dislocations and grain boundaries (GB) in FCC metals will be presented. 2D simulations of lattice dislocation interaction with Sigma11 tilt GBs in Al are presented and discussed. Studies of a Sigma11 symmetric tilt GB reveal that transmitted dislocations result in local GB migration and disconnection formation. A classical elastic analysis makes correct predictions in one case but not another. Glissile GB dislocations are created in this process, which means that part of the transmitted dislocation is absorbed. Calculations of lattice dislocations interacting with a Sigma11 asymmetric tilt GB show that the nature of the interaction depends on local GB structure and transmission is observed in some cases to occur on planes that do not have the highest resolved glide stress. Results of large-scale 3D molecular dynamic simulations are also described, investigating the interaction between dislocations nucleating from a crack tip and a number of symmetric tilt GBs in Ni. Using a line-tension model to analyze the data, it is found that the outcomes of dislocation-GB collisions can be rationalized in terms of only three geometrical parameters, in accordance with in situ TEM observations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kurtz, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI de Koning, Maurice/E-1115-2012; Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; OI de Koning, Maurice/0000-0002-0035-4170; Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 10 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.008 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300017 ER PT J AU Hiratani, M Zbib, HM AF Hiratani, M Zbib, HM TI On dislocation-defect interactions and patterning: stochastic discrete dislocation dynamics (SDD) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Experimental Validation CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LES DIABLERET, SWITZERLAND ID CROSS-SLIP; STATISTICAL-THEORY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POINT OBSTACLES; RANDOM ARRAY; SIMULATION; GLIDE; FCC; STRESS; METALS AB The problem of dislocation patterning and interaction of threading dislocations with immobile dislocation loops and defects is investigated analytically and computationally based on a statistical analysis and a recently developed model of discrete stochastic dislocation dynamics (SDD), respectively. The statistical analysis is based on the Friedel Kocks model and shows the validity of the Friedel relation for the critical resolved stress while a power law with different stress dependence is obtained for the average pinning distance on a stable dislocation array. The difference of the stress dependence is attributed to each model assumptions, such as stable dislocation configurations in athermal system or meta-stable configurations in thermally activated system. The SDD computational study includes thermal and strain fluctuation, predicting non-trivial fractal instability of the plastic strain. The height difference correlations of the plastic strain show that the external load causes a multifractality, and enhances the instability at higher order moments. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zbib, HM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 290 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.042 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 751NR UT WOS:000187074300018 ER PT J AU Johnson, DK AF Johnson, DK TI Phenotype- and gene-driven approaches to discovering the functions of mammalian genes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE N-ethyl-N-nitrosoureamutagenesise; genotype; phenotype; Tennessee mouse genome consortium cryopreserved mutant mouse bank ID DNA-SEQUENCE AB All of us are involved in discovery science as we pursue the genes, networks, cellular processes and biophysical principles that govern our chosen biological question. For those of us who choose to proceed using plant or animal models to dissect the elements of our favorite biological system, there are many classical and newer approaches available for our use, including two complementary strategies by which the discovery process is proceeding at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The ORNL has been known for six decades for its investigations of the effects of radiation and chemicals in inducing heritable mutations in mouse germ cells, and for using mouse mutations as tools for the cloning and characterization of mammalian genes. Our history and experience in making mouse models are being applied via these two complementary strategies: 1), a phenotype-driven approach, in which mice carrying random chemically-induced mutations are screened for abnormal phenotypes; and 2) a gene-driven approach in which heritable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in preselected genes already thought likely to influence a biological system of choice can be recovered in live mice. The SNP-carrying mice can then be phenotyped for alterations in one's target biology. Both approaches have value and are necessary; while we can use mutations in genes that we already know to be of interest in our favorite biology to discover gene function, we also know that biology is full of surprise genes whose effects on our favorite biology would not be predicted, and which will be identified only through phenotype screening. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, DK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 133 IS 12 BP 4269 EP 4270 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 753CU UT WOS:000187214900040 PM 14652386 ER PT J AU Nieto, MM Holzscheiter, MH Phillips, TJ AF Nieto, MM Holzscheiter, MH Phillips, TJ TI Dense antihydrogen: its production and storage to envision antimatter propulsion SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE confined antihydrogen; deep-space propulsion ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELDS; 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; PENNING TRAP; ANTIPROTONS; PLASMA AB We discuss the possibility that dense antihydrogen could provide a path towards a mechanism for a deep space propulsion system. We concentrate at first, as an example, on Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) antihydrogen. In a BEC, matter (or antimatter) is in a coherent state analogous to photons in a laser beam, and individual atoms lose their independent identity. This allows many atoms to be stored in a small volume. In the context of recent advances in producing and controlling BECs, as well as in making antihydrogen, this could potentially provide a revolutionary path towards the efficient storage of large quantities of antimatter, perhaps eventually as a cluster or solid. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Nieto, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP S547 EP S552 AR PII S1464-4266(03)60536-7 DI 10.1088/1464-4266/5/6/001 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 757WC UT WOS:000187583600002 ER PT J AU Curic, M Babic, D Marinic, Z Pasa-Tolic, L Butkovic, V Plavec, J Tusek-Bozic, L AF Curic, M Babic, D Marinic, Z Pasa-Tolic, L Butkovic, V Plavec, J Tusek-Bozic, L TI Synthesis and characterisation of Pd(II) complexes with a derivative of aminoazobenzene - Dynamic H-1-NMR study of cyclopalladation reactions in DMF SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE palladium; azobenzenes; cyclopalladation; H-1-NMR study; dynamics ID DIALKYL ALPHA-ANILINOBENZYLPHOSPHONATES; SOLVATED PALLADIUM(II) COMPLEXES; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; N-BENZYL TRIAMINE; X = CL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; COORDINATION COMPOUNDS; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY AB Three new Pd(II) complexes, i.e. [PdCl2L](2) (A), PdCl2L2 (B) and [Pd(mu-Cl)(L-H)](2) (C), each with two diethyl [alpha-(4-benzenazoanilino)-2-hydroxybenzyl]phosphonates (L) bound to either one or two palladium atoms, are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, by IR, UV-vis and solid-state C-13-NMR spectra. Complexes B and C are additionally characterized by H-1-, C-13- and P-31-NMR and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) studies using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent. In DMF solution adducts A and B undergo spontaneous rearrangement into the cyclopalladated complex C. Dynamic H-1-NMR study of this rearrangement as well as of the reactions of L with PdCl2 and Na2PdCl4 revealed a complex equilibrium in DMF solutions and enabled the formation mechanism of all involved species to be resolved. The complex A is immediately solvolyzed producing two molecules of intermediate M[PdCl2(L)(DMF)]. Complex M was also the first intermediate in the reaction of L with PdCl2. Once present in concentration above 10(-5) mol dm(-3) M dimerizes very fast into chloro-bridged dimer [PdCl(mu-Cl)(L)](2) (D) which undergoes cyclopalladation and converts into the complex C. The formation of C from the intermediate D is clearly demonstrated by the concentration dependence of the cyclopalladation reaction which has order greater than one. Chloride ions, released by cyclopalladation, react with D by splitting chloro-bridge and binding to metal atoms to produce byproduct [PdCl3(L)](-) (T). The same species T are formed in the reaction of L with Na2PdCl4 whereby a chloride ion is replaced by the ligand L. The complex B undergoes similar, but slower, solvolytic reaction producing M and L while further reaction steps are identical as in the solvolysis of A. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rudjer Boskovic Inst, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Chem, NMR Ctr, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Curic, M (reprint author), Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Bijenicka 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 687 IS 1 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.07.013 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 745MD UT WOS:000186691700011 ER PT J AU Chassignet, EP Smith, LT Halliwell, GR Bleck, R AF Chassignet, EP Smith, LT Halliwell, GR Bleck, R TI North Atlantic Simulations with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM): Impact of the vertical coordinate choice, reference pressure, and thermobaricity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; HEAT-TRANSPORT; AZORES CURRENT; CLOSURE-MODEL; WORLD OCEAN; PART II; THERMOCLINE; TURBULENCE; MOMENTUM AB The viability of a generalized ( Hybrid) Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), together with the importance of thermobaricity and the choice of reference pressure, is demonstrated by analyzing simulations carried out using the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Community Modeling Experiment (CME) Atlantic basin configuration. The standard hybrid vertical coordinate configuration is designed to remain isopycnic throughout as much of the water column as possible while smoothly making a transition to level ( pressure) coordinates in regions with weak vertical density gradients, such as the surface mixed layer, and to terrain-following coordinates in shallow-water regions. Single-coordinate ( pressure or density) experiments illustrate the flexibility of the model but also bring forward some of the limitations associated with such a choice. Hybrid experiments with potential density referenced to the surface (sigma(theta)) and to 20 MPa (similar to2000 m) (sigma(2)) illustrate the increased influence of pressure errors with increasing distance from the reference pressure. The sigma(theta) hybrid experiment does not properly reproduce the northward flow of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), and large errors in near-surface pressure gradients in the sigma(2) experiment produce a wind-driven gyre circulation that is too strong, when compared with observations, and a North Atlantic Current that follows an unrealistic path. These near-surface and near-bottom pressure errors are removed when thermobaric effects are included, resulting in a more accurate representation of the upper-ocean gyre circulation, the northward AABW flow near the bottom, and the meridional overturning circulation and heat flux. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Chassignet, EP (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM echassignet@rsmas.miami.edu RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X NR 51 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2504 EP 2526 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<2504:NASWTH>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 754PX UT WOS:000187327400003 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Schiferl, D Zhao, YS O'Neill, HSC AF Wang, ZW Schiferl, D Zhao, YS O'Neill, HSC TI High pressure Raman spectroscopy of spinel-type ferrite ZnFe2O4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE high-pressure; Raman spectroscopy; phase transitions ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; COMPRESSIBILITY; TRANSFORMATION; STABILITY; NITRIDE; FE2O3; STATE; ZNO; GPA AB An in-situ Raman spectroscopic study was conducted to explore the pressure induced phase transformation of spinel-type ferrite ZnFe2O4. Results indicate that ferrite ZnFe2O4 initially transforms to an orthorhombic structure phase (CaFe2O4-polymorph) at a pressure of 24.6 GPa. Such a phase transformation is complete at 34.2 GPa, and continuously remains stable to the peak pressure of 61.9 GPa. The coexistence of the two phases over a wide range of pressure implies a sluggish mechanism upon the spinel-to-orthorhombic phase transition. Upon release of pressure, the high pressure ZnFe2O4 polymorph is quenchable at ambient conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33109 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 2000, Australia. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM z_wang@lanl.gov RI O'Neill, Hugh/G-2302-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0001-7018-9783; NR 28 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2003 VL 64 IS 12 BP 2517 EP 2523 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.08.005 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 743MM UT WOS:000186575700029 ER PT J AU Frechet, JMJ AF Frechet, JMJ TI Dendrimers and other dendritic macromolecules: From building blocks to functional assemblies in nanoscience and nanotechnology SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dendrimers; encapsulation; catalysis; nanolithography; light harvesting; antenna; light-emitting diodes (LED); drug carrier ID CHROMOPHORE-LABELED DENDRIMERS; SCANNING PROBE LITHOGRAPHY; DRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATIONS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; UNIMOLECULAR MICELLES; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE AB Given their size, in the single-digit nanometer range, and the versatility of their functionality, dendrimers and other dendritic macromolecules are poised to make a significant contribution to the rapidly expanding fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This highlight focuses on nascent applications of dendrimers that take advantage of their structural features and polyvalent character. In particular, the concept of dendritic encapsulation of function, borrowed from Nature, can be applied to the design of a varied array of energy-harvesting, light-emitting, or catalytic macromolecules. Similarly, the compact size and hierarchical ordering of components within dendrimers make them ideal for exploring the limits of nanolithography. Finally, the presence of differentiated functionalities and the polyvalent character of dendrons and dendrimers constitute strong assets for their use in polymer therapeutics. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 101 TC 316 Z9 322 U1 5 U2 61 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 23 BP 3713 EP 3725 DI 10.1002/pola.10952 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 743BK UT WOS:000186552400001 ER PT J AU Chang, Z Nomura, M Fujii, Y AF Chang, Z Nomura, M Fujii, Y TI Isotope effect of potassium in an aqueous/amalgam system SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CATION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRACTIONATION; AMALGAM; LITHIUM; EQUILIBRIA; HYDROXIDE; MAGNESIUM; CHEMISTRY; RUBIDIUM AB The isotope fractionation of potassium in an aqueous (KOH)/amalgam system has been studied. Two types of isotope effects with opposite isotope enrichment directions were observed in the electrolysis of potassium from the aqueous into the amalgam phase under constant electrolytic potentials. It was found that the first isotope effect causing the light isotope enriched in the amalgam is related to the kinetic process of the mass transfer through the aqueous/amalgam interface, while the second one leading to the enrichment of the heavy isotope in the amalgam phase is produced by the isotope-exchange equilibrium. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium isotope effect was also investigated using single-stage and multi-stage techniques. It was observed that the equilibrium isotope effect increases as the temperature increases in the range of 293-371 K. An empirical equation was used to fit the variations of the isotope effects with temperature for potassium together with the other alkaline and alkaline earth metals studied in the same system. The origin of the equilibrium isotope fractionation in the electron-exchange system was discussed. Furthermore, the mass dependence of the separation coefficients of the alkaline and alkaline earth metals observed in aqueous/amalgam and ion-exchange systems were compared. At 293 K the equilibrium isotope separation coefficient for the K-39/K-41 isotopes in the amalgam system was determined as (5.6 +/- 0.6).10(-3). C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Nucl Reactors Res Lab, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 152, Japan. RP Chang, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 258 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000011744.78574.3a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 757YD UT WOS:000187603200010 ER PT J AU Buthelezi, EZ Aardaneh, K Steyn, GF Gadioli, E Van der Walt, TN Albertini, F Cerutti, F Connell, SH Cowley, AA Nortier, FM AF Buthelezi, EZ Aardaneh, K Steyn, GF Gadioli, E Van der Walt, TN Albertini, F Cerutti, F Connell, SH Cowley, AA Nortier, FM TI Isobaric yields and radiochemistry of near-target residues in the interaction of C-12 and O-16 with Rh-103 at an incident energy of 400 MeV SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASTER EQUATION THEORY; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; MEV-NUCLEON; SEPARATION; PALLADIUM; EXTRACTION; FRAGMENTS; EMISSION; RHODIUM; PD-103 AB Production cross sections of residues with mass near to that of the target were measured in C-12 and O-16 induced reactions on Rh at an incident energy of 400 MeV. An ion-exchange method has been developed for the separation of Rh, Pd and Ag nuclides from all other produced activities. Rh and Ag nuclides were separated from elements such as Pd, Ru, and Tc, amongst others, on an AG I -X8 anion exchange resin in 6M HCL The Ag nuclides were then removed from the effluent using a precipitation technique so that only Rh remained in the final solution. The Pd was afterwards separated from Ru and Tc by eluting it from the resin with 5% ammonia solution. This procedure made it possible to accurately measure production cross sections for (103m)-Rh and Pd-103. Cross sections for the production of various other observed residues are also presented. The results are consistent with an enhanced isobaric yield in the near-target mass region. The radiochemical separation technique is also suitable for the routine production of Pd and Rh nuclides, e.g., Pd-103 and Rh-101m, in proton-induced reactions on Rh targets. C1 iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa. Nucl Res Ctr Agr & Med, Karaj, Iran. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Phys, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. LANL, Isotopes & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Buthelezi, EZ (reprint author), iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci, POB 722, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa. RI Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015 OI Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 258 IS 3 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000011764.30879.fb PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 757YD UT WOS:000187603200030 ER PT J AU Gatrone, RC Dietz, ML Mitchell, CD Stevens, J Hoffman-Glass, S AF Gatrone, RC Dietz, ML Mitchell, CD Stevens, J Hoffman-Glass, S TI Steric effects as a basis for improved monovalent cation extraction selectivity in crown ethers SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HOST-GUEST COMPLEXATION; AMINO ESTER SALTS; MACROCYCLE INTERACTION; KINETIC DATA; MOLECULAR DESIGN; ALKALINE-EARTH; DERIVATIVES; 22-CROWN-6; 17-CROWN-5; IONOPHORES AB Incorporation into a 20-crown-6 of a bulky substituent capable of impeding cation/anion access to one face of the crown ether cavity is shown to afford compounds exhibiting good extraction selectivity for potassium ion over both alkaline earth cations (Ca2+, Sr2+) and other alkali metal ions (Na+, Cs+), an apparent result of diminished flexibility of the crown ether cavity, inhibition of the formation of extractable "sandwich" complexes with large cations, and the destabilizing effect of forcing charge-neutralizing counter anions to approach from one face of the crown cavity. C1 Virginia State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Chem, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Wilkes Univ, Dept Chem, Wilkes Barre, PA 18766 USA. Troy State Univ, Dept Chem, Troy, AL 36082 USA. RP Gatrone, RC (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, POB 9078, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 258 IS 3 BP 673 EP 676 DI 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000011768.52925.d0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 757YD UT WOS:000187603200034 ER PT J AU Aslam, TD AF Aslam, TD TI A level set algorithm for tracking discontinuities in hyperbolic conservation laws II: Systems of equations SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE shock tracking; ENO; WENO ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHODS; SHOCK-CAPTURING SCHEMES; GHOST FLUID METHOD; ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; FRONT-TRACKING; ENO SCHEMES; NONLINEAR APPROXIMATIONS; RESOLUTION; PROPAGATION AB A level set algorithm for tracking discontinuities in hyperbolic conservation laws is presented. The algorithm uses a simple finite difference approach, analogous to the method of lines scheme presented in [36]. The zero of a level set function is used to specify the location of the discontinuity. Since a level set function is used to describe the front location, no extra data structures are needed to keep track of the location of the discontinuity. Also, two solution states are used at all computational nodes, one corresponding to the "real" state, and one corresponding to a "ghost node" state, analogous to the "Ghost Fluid Method" of [12]. High order pointwise convergence was demonstrated for scalar linear and nonlinear conservation laws, even at discontinuities and in multiple dimensions in the first paper of this series [3]. The solutions here are compared to standard high order shock capturing schemes, when appropriate. This paper focuses on the issues involved in tracking discontinuities in systems of conservation laws. Examples will be presented of tracking contacts and hydrodynamic shocks in inert and chemically reacting compressible flow. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aslam, TD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1025387405273 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 741ME UT WOS:000186461200003 ER PT J AU Zhang, LB Rector, JW Hoversten, GM AF Zhang, LB Rector, JW Hoversten, GM TI Split-step complex Pade migration SO JOURNAL OF SEISMIC EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE complex Pade approximation; finite difference; migration ID PROPAGATION AB A split-step complex Pade migration method based on the one-way wave equation is presented. The method uses a complex Pade approximation of an exponential term in the formal solution of the one-way wave equation. It mitigates the inaccuracy and instabilities due to evanescent waves and produces high-quality images of complex structures with fewer numerical artifacts than those obtained using a real Pade approximation of an exponential operator in the one-way wave equation. A numerical example is presented for demonstration. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, LB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 210 Hearst Mem Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOPHYSICAL PRESS PI CASTELNAU-LE-LEZ PA 14 RUE DU PRADO, 34170 CASTELNAU-LE-LEZ, FRANCE SN 0963-0651 J9 J SEISM EXPLOR JI J. Seism Explor. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 777HU UT WOS:000189172200003 ER PT J AU Eyink, GL Chen, SY Chen, QN AF Eyink, GL Chen, SY Chen, QN TI Gibbsian hypothesis in turbulence SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Progress in Statistical Hydrodynamics CY MAR 25-29, 2002 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Theoret Div, Mat Sci Div & Turbulence Working Grp DE Kolmogorov multipliers; turbulence; shell models ID SHELL MODELS; INTERMITTENCY AB We show that Kolmogorov multipliers in turbulence cannot be statistically independent of others at adjacent scales ( or even a finite range apart) by numerical simulation of a shell model and by theory. As the simplest generalization of independent distributions, we suppose that the steady-state statistics of multipliers in the shell model are given by a translation-invariant Gibbs measure with a short-range potential, when expressed in terms of suitable "spin'' variables: real-valued spins that are logarithms of multipliers and XY-spins defined by local dynamical phases. Numerical evidence is presented in favor of the hypothesis for the shell model, in particular novel scaling laws and derivative relations predicted by the existence of a thermodynamic limit. The Gibbs measure appears to be in a high-temperature, unique-phase regime with "paramagnetic'' spin order. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Eyink, GL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM eyink@mts.jhu.edu RI Eyink, Gregory/A-3340-2010; Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 EI 1572-9613 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 113 IS 5-6 BP 719 EP 740 DI 10.1023/A:1027304501435 PG 22 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 740BB UT WOS:000186380000005 ER PT J AU Frisch, U Matsumoto, T Bec, J AF Frisch, U Matsumoto, T Bec, J TI Singularities of Euler flow? Not out of the blue! SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Progress in Statistical Hydrodynamics CY MAR 25-29, 2002 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Theoret Div, Mat Sci Div & Turbulence Working Grp DE Euler equation; turbulence; blow-up; complex singularities ID TAYLOR-GREEN VORTEX; INCOMPRESSIBLE EULER; PERIODIC-SOLUTIONS; NAVIER-STOKES; IDEAL FLUIDS; BLOW-UP; EQUATIONS; TURBULENCE; ANALYTICITY; VORTICITY AB Does three-dimensional incompressible Euler flow with smooth initial conditions develop a singularity with infinite vorticity after a finite time? This blowup problem is still open. After briefly reviewing what is known and pointing out some of the difficulties, we propose to tackle this issue for the class of flows having analytic initial data for which hypothetical real singularities are preceded by singularities at complex locations. We present some results concerning the nature of complex space singularities in two dimensions and propose a new strategy for the numerical investigation of blowup. C1 Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, UMR 6529, F-06304 Nice 4, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Frisch, U (reprint author), Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, UMR 6529, BP 4229, F-06304 Nice 4, France. NR 60 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 113 IS 5-6 BP 761 EP 781 DI 10.1023/A:1027308602344 PG 21 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 740BB UT WOS:000186380000007 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Putkaradze, V Weidman, PD Wingate, BA AF Holm, DD Putkaradze, V Weidman, PD Wingate, BA TI Boundary effects on exact solutions of the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha equations SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Progress in Statistical Hydrodynamics CY MAR 25-29, 2002 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Theoret Div, Mat Sci Div & Turbulence Working Grp DE fluid dynamics; exact solutions; boundary layers; turbulence; jets; wakes; stagnation ID CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATIONS; STAGNATION-POINT FLOW; EULER; TURBULENCE; MODEL AB In order to clarify the behavior of solutions of the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes- alpha (LANS-alpha) equations in the presence of solid walls, we identify a variety of exact solutions of the full equations and their boundary layer approximations. The solutions demonstrate that boundary conditions suggested for the LANS-alpha equations in the literature((1)) for a bounded domain do not apply in a semi- infinite domain. The convergence to solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations as alpha --> 0 is elucidated for infinite-energy solutions in a semi- infinite domain, and non-uniqueness of these solutions is discussed. We also study the boundary layer approximation of LANS-alpha equations, denoted the Prandtl-alpha equations, and report solutions for turbulent jets and wakes. Our version of the Prandtl-alpha equations includes an extra term necessary to conserve linear momentum and corrects an earlier result of Cheskidov.((2)). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 113 IS 5-6 BP 841 EP 854 DI 10.1023/A:1027364720090 PG 14 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 740BB UT WOS:000186380000010 ER PT J AU Stock, SR Ignatiev, KI Dahl, T Veis, A De Carlo, F AF Stock, SR Ignatiev, KI Dahl, T Veis, A De Carlo, F TI Three-dimensional micro architecture of the plates (primary, secondary, and carinar process) in the developing tooth of Lytechinus variegatus revealed by synchrotron X-ray absorption microtomography (microCT) SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lytechinus variegatus; microtomography (microCT); sea urchin; tooth; synchrotron radiation; biomineralization ID SEA-URCHIN TEETH; ECHINOIDS ECHINODERMATA; STYLOCIDARIS-AFFINIS; CALCITE; PROTEINS; DIFFRACTION; MORPHOLOGY; LANTERN; DESIGN; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB This paper reports the first noninvasive, volumetric study of entire cross-sections of a sea urchin tooth in which the individual calcite structural elements could be resolved. Two cross-sectionally intact fragments of a Lytechinus variegatus tooth were studied with synchrotron microCT (microcomputed tomography) with 1.66 mum voxels (volume elements). These fragments were from the plumula, that is the tooth zone with rapidly increasing levels of mineral; one fragment was from a position aboral of where the keel developed and the second was from the zone where the keel was developing. The primary plates, secondary plates, carinar process plates, prisms, and elements of the lamellar-needle complex were resolved. Comparison of the microCT data with optical micrographs of stained thin sections confirmed the identifications and measured dimensions of the characteristic microarchitectural features. The interplay of reinforcing structures (plates and prisms) was more clearly revealed in the volumetric numerical data sets than in single or sequential slices. While it is well known that the primary plates and prisms in camarodont teeth are situated to improve resistance to bending (which can be termed primary bending), the data presented provide a new understanding of the mechanical role of the carinar process plates, that is, a geometry consistent with that required in the keel to resist lateral or transverse bending of the tooth about a second axis. The increase in robustness of teeth incorporating lateral keel reinforcement suggests that the relative development of carinar processes (toward a geometry similar to that of L. variegatus) is a character which can be used to infer which sea urchins among the stirodonts are most primitive and among the camarodonts which are more primitive. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Bioengn & Nanosci Adv Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XOR, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stock, SR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Bioengn & Nanosci Adv Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE01374, DE07201] NR 47 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 144 IS 3 BP 282 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.09.004 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 750XH UT WOS:000187023400004 PM 14643197 ER PT J AU Harms, U Serquis, A Schwarz, RB Nesterenko, VF AF Harms, U Serquis, A Schwarz, RB Nesterenko, VF TI Low temperature elastic constants of polycrystalline MgB2 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE superconductivity; elastic constants; internal friction; MgB2; ultrasonic ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; DEFECTS; BORON AB We have used a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique to measure the bulk and shear modulus of fully dense, polycrystalline MgB2 between 4 and 300 K. Both moduli show good agreement with published first principle calculations. The internal friction shows a broad maximum around 40 K. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Harms, U (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 6 BP 941 EP 944 DI 10.1023/A:1026274803563 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 735DK UT WOS:000186097000006 ER PT J AU Kuchcinski, K Wolinski, C AF Kuchcinski, K Wolinski, C TI Global approach to assignment and scheduling of complex behaviors based on HCDG and constraint programming SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL SYNTHESIS; CONTROL-FLOW; SYSTEM AB This paper presents global high-level synthesis (HLS) approach which addresses the problem of synthesis of conditional behaviors under resource constraints. In proposed methodology, the conditional behaviors are represented by hierarchical conditional dependency graphs (HCDG) and synthesized using derived constraints programming (CP) models. Our synthesis methods exploit multicycle operations and chaining as well as conditional resource sharing and speculative execution at the same time. We assign both functional units and registers while making possible to conditionally share these components. These techniques are essential in HLS and the experiments carried out using the developed prototype system showed good performance of the synthesized designs and proved the feasibility of the presented approach. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Comp Sci, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lund Univ, Dept Comp Sci, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM krzysztof.kuchcinski@cs.lth.se NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7621 EI 1873-6165 J9 J SYST ARCHITECT JI J. Syst. Architect. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 49 IS 12-15 BP 489 EP 503 DI 10.1016/S1383-7621(03)00075-4 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 752LK UT WOS:000187162000002 ER PT J AU Lee, J Li, H Lee, WY Lance, WJ AF Lee, J Li, H Lee, WY Lance, WJ TI Effects of oxygen partial pressure on the nucleation behavior and morphology of chemically-vapor- deposited zirconia on Hi-nicalon fiber and Si SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA; DEGRADATION AB A ZrO2 coating was prepared on Hi-Nicalon fiber and single-crystal Si by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using ZrCl4, CO2, and H-2 as precursors at 1050degreesC. The effects of oxygen partial pressure on the nucleation behavior of the CVD-ZrO2 coating were systematically studied by intentionally varying the controlled amount of O-2 into the CVD chamber. Characterization results suggested that the number density of tetragonal ZrO2 nuclei apparently decreased with increasing the oxygen partial pressure from 4 x 10(-3) to 1.6 Pa. Also, the coating layer became more columnar and contained larger monoclinic ZrO2 grains. The observed relationships between the oxygen partial pressure and the nucleation and morphologic characteristics of the ZrO2 coating were attributed to the grain size and oxygen deficiency effects, which have been previously reported to cause the stabilization of the tetragonal ZrO2 phase in bulk ZrO2 specimens. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2031 EP 2036 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 756EA UT WOS:000187451800005 ER PT J AU Brewer, LN Peascoe, RA Hubbard, CR Dravid, VP AF Brewer, LN Peascoe, RA Hubbard, CR Dravid, VP TI Residual stress distributions in the solid solution eutectic, Co1-xNixO/ZrO2(CaO) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; OXIDE COMPOSITES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NIO; INTERFACES; GROWTH; CREEP AB This study investigates thermal mismatch stresses in the lamellar microstructure of the solid solution directionally solidified eutectic (DSE) oxide Co1-xNixO/ZrO2(CaO). X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements were performed on isolated eutectic domains to measure the residual strain and stress tensors. Maximum principal residual stresses on the order of 1 GPa were recorded, with the Co1-xNixO and the ZrO2(CaO) phases maintaining states of tensile and compressive stress, respectively. The stress tensors; for these materials are compared with measurements for similar DSE oxide systems and suggest that solid solution DSEs might be used to tailor the residual stress states in DSE composites. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brewer, LN (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2188 EP 2194 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 756EA UT WOS:000187451800030 ER PT J AU Laskin, J Futrell, JH AF Laskin, J Futrell, JH TI Surface-induced dissociation of peptide ions: Kinetics and dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Sanibel Conference on Mass Spectrometry CY 2003 CL SANIBEL ISLAND, FLORIDA ID FT-ICR MS; OFF-RESONANCE EXCITATION; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RADICAL-CATION; CLUSTER-IMPACT; FRAGMENTATION; ENERGETICS AB Kinetics and dynamics studies have been carried out for the surface-induced dissociation (SID) of a set of model peptides utilizing a specially designed electrospray ionization Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer in which mass-selected and vibrationally relaxed ions are collided on a orthogonally-mounted fluorinated self-assembled monolayer on Au {111} crystal. The sampling time in this apparatus can be varied from hundreds of microseconds to tens of seconds, enabling the investigation of kinetics of ion decomposition over an extended range of decomposition rates. RRKM-based modeling of these reactions for a set of polyalanines demonstrates that SID kinetics of these simple peptides is very similar to slow, multiple-collision activation and that the distribution of internal energies following collisional activation is indistinguishable from a thermal distribution. For more complex peptides comprised of several amino acids and with internal degrees of freedom (DOF) of the order of 350 there is a dramatic change in kinetics in which RRKM kinetics is no longer capable of describing the decomposition of these complex ions. A combination of RRKM kinetics and the "sudden death" approximation, according to which decomposition occurs instantaneously, is a satisfactory description. This implies that a population of ions-which is dependant on the nature of the peptide, kinetic energy and sampling time-decomposes on or very near the surface. The shattering transition is described quantitatively for the limited set of molecules examined to date. (C) 2003 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999 K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1340 EP 1347 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00625-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 755UH UT WOS:000187429500003 PM 14652183 ER PT J AU Fadeyev, V Haber, C AF Fadeyev, V Haber, C TI Reconstruction of mechanically recorded sound by image processing SO JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Audio information stored in the undulations of grooves in a medium such as a phonograph record may be reconstructed, with no or minimal contact, by measuring the groove shape using precision metrology methods and digital image processing. The effects of damage, wear, and contamination may be compensated, in many cases, through image processing and analysis methods. The speed and data-handling capacity of available computing hardware make this approach practical. Various aspects of this approach are discussed. A feasibility test is reported which used a general-purpose optical metrology system to study a 50-year-old 78-rpm phonograph record. Comparisons are presented with stylus playback of the record and with a digitally remastered version of the original magnetic recording. A more extensive implementation of this approach, with dedicated hardware and software, is considered. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fadeyev, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AUDIO ENGINEERING SOC PI NEW YORK PA 60 E 42ND ST, NEW YORK, NY 10165-2520 USA SN 0004-7554 J9 J AUDIO ENG SOC JI J. Audio Eng. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1172 EP 1185 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 759EC UT WOS:000187724500004 ER PT J AU Mukundan, R Brosha, EL Garzon, FH AF Mukundan, R Brosha, EL Garzon, FH TI Mixed potential hydrocarbon sensors based on a YSZ electrolyte and oxide electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS; POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; BEHAVIOR; GASES AB The mixed potential response of perovskite-type oxide electrodes on a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte have been examined. The effects of varying the electrode and electrolyte composition and morphology on the sensor response have been studied in detail. La0.8Sr0.2CrO3 was found to be an excellent electrode material for a highly selective nonmethane hydrocarbon sensor. Moreover, the sensor response was greatly improved by decreasing the heterogeneous catalysis on the YSZ electrolyte. Optimizing the electrode and electrolytes resulted in a sensor response of up to 100 mV for 500 ppm of propylene in a 1% O-2 stream at 550degreesC. The response times of these sensors were found to be strongly dependent on the porosity in the YSZ electrolyte and could be optimized to yield a sensor response time as low as one second. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mukundan, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 150 IS 12 BP H279 EP H284 DI 10.1149/1.1621880 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 749DB UT WOS:000186902400064 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V Lipp, L AF Srinivasan, V Lipp, L TI Report on the electrolytic industries for the year 2002 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review AB This report, sponsored by the Industrial Electrolysis and Electrochemical Engineering Division of The Electrochemical Society, summarizes published information on production, plant capacities, consumption, demand, trends, prices, raw materials, new technology, and environmental issues in the electrolytic and related industries. The material presented in this report was obtained from many sources and does not necessarily represent the opinion of the authors or their employers. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FuelCell Energy Inc, Danbury, CT 06813 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 318 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 150 IS 12 BP K15 EP K38 DI 10.1149/1.1622408 PG 24 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 749DB UT WOS:000186902400065 ER PT J AU Narasimhan, TN AF Narasimhan, TN TI Groundwater recharge SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Narasimhan, TN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 210 Hearst Mem Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC INDIA PI BANGALORE PA #64 12TH CROSS, BASAPPA LAYOUT P B 1922, GAVIPURAM PO, BANGALORE 560019, INDIA SN 0016-7622 J9 J GEOL SOC INDIA JI J. Geol. Soc. India PD DEC PY 2003 VL 62 IS 6 BP 782 EP 783 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 750RL UT WOS:000187011200012 ER PT J AU Oh, Y Song, T Lee, SH Wong, CY AF Oh, Y Song, T Lee, SH Wong, CY TI Form-factor dependence of the J/psi dissociation cross-sections in the meson exchange model SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE heavy-ion collision; J/psi suppression; Comover model; J/psi dissociation ID HADRON INTERACTIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; SUPPRESSION; MATTER; QCD; SCATTERING; ENERGIES; PI AB The J/psi dissociation by pi and rho mesons is examined in the meson exchange model, and the results are compared to those obtained in the quark interchange model. We found that the main difference between the predictions of the two models could be resolved by the form factors and the contact interactions in the meson exchange model calculations. By adopting covariant form factors and adjusting the four-point couplings, we found that the meson exchange model could give similar predictions as the quark interchange models not only for the magnitudes but also for the energy dependence of the low-energy dissociation cross-sections of the J/psi by pi and p mesons. Our finding suggests a way to understand one of the discrepancies among the existing model predictions for the J/psi dissociation cross-sections due to light hadrons. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oh, Y (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RI Oh, Yongseok/A-2504-2008 OI Oh, Yongseok/0000-0001-9822-8975 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1003 EP 1008 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 754JT UT WOS:000187313300010 ER PT J AU Asai, Y Hirata, S Yamashita, K AF Asai, Y Hirata, S Yamashita, K TI Local electronic excitation mechanism for nanofabrication of polydiacetylene molecular wire SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE local electronic excited state; polydiacetylene; photopolymerization ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EXCITED-STATES AB Mechanism of electron-excitation-induced polymerization from diacetylene monomer to polydiactylene was studied theoretically. The single electron configuration interaction (SE-Cl) method based on abinitio Hartree-Fock crystal orbital theory was used for the calculation. Potential energy curves of electronically excited singlet and triplet states along a hypothetical reaction coordinate were calculated. The lowest triplet state of miss-aligned diacetylene monomer was found to be metastable, which agrees with experiments. The local electronic excitation mechanism found in this polymerization reaction was discussed in the context of the polymerization initiated by scanning tunneling microscope (STM). C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem Syst Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. AIST, RICS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Asai, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem Syst Engn, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1,Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 72 IS 12 BP 3286 EP 3290 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.72.3286 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 757KL UT WOS:000187561500046 ER PT J AU Yu, HG Muckerman, JT AF Yu, HG Muckerman, JT TI Theoretical determination of rovibrational energies and anomalous isotopic effect of weakly bound cluster HXeOH SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rovibrational spectrum; isotopic effect; potential energy surface; ab initio calculation; two-layer Lanczos iterative diagonalization. ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; N-ATOM PROBLEM; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; VECTOR PARAMETRIZATION; TETRAATOMIC MOLECULES; ITERATION APPROACH; SCATTERING; XENON; REPRESENTATIONS AB The rovibrational energy levels of HXeOH and its isotopomers have been calculated using a two-layer Lanczos algorithm in Radau-diatom-Jacobi coordinates based on a high level ab initio potential energy surface. The surface is obtained by fitting to 1229 RCCSD(T)/SDB-cc-pVQZ energy points. The equilibrium geometry of HXeOH is determined to have a trans configuration with a nearly collinear HXeO bond angle of 177.32 degrees. The well depth of this minimum is only 0.6123 eV with respect to the OH + Xe + H dissociation limit. The results show that the H-Xe stretching frequency of HXeOH and HXeOD has an anomalous isotopic shift upon O-18 isotope substitution, whereas the D-Xe stretch in DXeOH and DXeOD displays a normal isotopic shift. This trend is consistent with the experimental observations in a Xe solid matrix. The present results predict a lower frequency for the H-Xe stretch than was observed in the solid matrix experiment. Either these results are too low or there is a strong blue shift due to the matrix in the experimental values. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov; muckerma@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0219-6336 J9 J THEOR COMPUT CHEM JI J. Theor. Comput. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 573 EP 581 DI 10.1142/S0219633603000744 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 812VQ UT WOS:000220867400010 ER PT J AU Lu, T Goldfield, EM Gray, SK AF Lu, T Goldfield, EM Gray, SK TI The equilibrium constants for molecular hydrogen adsorption in carbon nanotubes based on iteratively determined nano-confined bound states SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iterative methods; implicitly restarted Lanczos method; molecular eigenstates; carbon nanotubes; hydrogen storage ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY LEVELS; 4-ATOM MOLECULES; STORAGE AB A model for H-2 inside single-walled carbon nanotubes is outlined. ARPACK (the Arnoldi package), a robust iterative matrix-vector eigenvalue software library, is used to determine the allowed quantum states of H-2 inside various carbon nanotubes. This information is used to construct the equilibrium constants for H-2 adsorption as a function of temperature for a variety of CNTs. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, T (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM tlu@chem.wayne.edu; evi@sun.science.wayne.edu; gray@anchim.chm.anl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0219-6336 J9 J THEOR COMPUT CHEM JI J. Theor. Comput. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1142/S0219633603000756 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 812VQ UT WOS:000220867400014 ER PT J AU Blue, BE Clayton, CE O'Connell, CL Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Huang, C Iverson, R Joshi, C Katsouleas, TC Marsh, KA Mori, WB Walz, D AF Blue, BE Clayton, CE O'Connell, CL Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Huang, C Iverson, R Joshi, C Katsouleas, TC Marsh, KA Mori, WB Walz, D TI Parametric exploration of intense positron beam-plasma interactions SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology CY DEC 09-14, 2002 CL BANGALORE, INDIA DE advanced accelerator; beam-plasma; plasma waves; relativistic positron beams ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BUNCH; ACCELERATOR; LENS AB A systematic investigation of the longitudinal fields excited in a plasma by a short, dense beam of positrons is carried out using two-dimensional, cylindrical geometry, particle-in-cell code simulations. In particular, we examine the behavior of the accelerating and decelerating fields of the wakefield as a function of beam charge, radius, length, and plasma density. The parameters are chosen to be consistent with those employed in current and future experiments designed to elucidate the physics of positron beam-plasma interactions. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Joshi, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, 66-147G Engn 4,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM joshi@ee.ucla.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1017/S0263034603214038 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 806YG UT WOS:000220468600004 ER PT J AU Grisham, LR AF Grisham, LR TI Potential roles for heavy negative ions as driver beams SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology CY DEC 09-14, 2002 CL BANGALORE, INDIA DE halogens; HIF; negative ions; neutral atomic beam; photo detachment ID FUSION; CHAMBER AB We have performed an initial assessment of the feasibility of producing heavy negative ion beams as drivers for an inertial confinement fusion reactor. Negative ion beams offer the potentially important advantages relative to positive ions that they will not draw electrons from surfaces and the target chamber plasma during acceleration, compression, and focusing, and they will not have a low energy tail. Intense negative ion beams could also be efficiently converted to atomically neutral beams by photodetachment prior to entering the target chamber. Depending on the target chamber pressure, this atomic beam will undergo ionization as it crosses the chamber, but at chamber pressures at least as high as 1.3 X 10(-4) torr, there may still be significant improvements in the beam spot size on the target, due to the reduction in path-averaged self-field perveance. The halogens, with their large electron affinities, are the best negative ion candidates. Fluorine and chlorine are the easiest halogens to use for near-term source experiments, whereas bromine and iodine best meet present expectations of driver mass. With regard to ion sources and photodetachment neutralizers, this approach should be feasible with existing technology. Except for the target chamber, the vacuum requirements for accelerating and transporting high energy negative ions are essentially the same as for positive ions. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Grisham, LR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1017/S0263034603214117 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 806YG UT WOS:000220468600012 ER PT J AU Gilson, EP Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majesk, R Qin, H AF Gilson, EP Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majesk, R Qin, H TI The Paul Trap Simulator Experiment SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology CY DEC 09-14, 2002 CL BANGALORE, INDIA DE alternating-gradient transport; charged particle beam; nonlinear dynamics; Paul Trap AB The assembly of the Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) is now complete and experimental operations have begun. The purpose of PTSX, a compact laboratory facility, is to simulate the nonlinear dynamics of intense charged particle beam propagation over a large distance through an alternating-gradient transport system. The simulation is possible because the quadrupole electric fields of the cylindrical Paul trap exert radial forces on the charged particles that are analogous to the radial forces that a periodic focusing quadrupole magnetic field exert on the beam particles in the beam frame. By controlling the waveform applied to the walls of the trap, PTSX will explore physics issues such as beam mismatch, envelope instabilities, halo particle production, compression techniques, collective wave excitations, and beam profile effects. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gilson, EP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM egilson@pppl.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1017/S0263034603214129 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 806YG UT WOS:000220468600013 ER PT J AU Barnard, JJ Ahle, LE Bieniosek, FM Celata, CM Davidson, RC Henestroza, E Friedman, A Kwan, JW Logan, BG Lee, EP Lund, SM Meier, WR Sabbi, GL Seidl, PA Sharp, WM Shuman, DB Waldron, WL Qin, H Yu, SS AF Barnard, JJ Ahle, LE Bieniosek, FM Celata, CM Davidson, RC Henestroza, E Friedman, A Kwan, JW Logan, BG Lee, EP Lund, SM Meier, WR Sabbi, GL Seidl, PA Sharp, WM Shuman, DB Waldron, WL Qin, H Yu, SS TI Integrated experiments for heavy ion fusion SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology CY DEC 09-14, 2002 CL BANGALORE, INDIA DE accelerator; driver; fusion; heavy ion; inertial fusion; systems model ID INJECTORS AB We describe the next set of experiments proposed in the U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory, the so-called Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX). The purpose of IBX is to investigate in an integrated manner the processes and manipulations necessary for a heavy ion fusion induction accelerator. The IBX experiment will demonstrate injection, acceleration, compression, bending, and final focus of a heavy ion beam at significant line charge density. Preliminary conceptual designs are presented and issues and trade-offs are discussed. Plans are also described for the step after IBX, the Integrated Research Experiment (IRE), which will carry out significant target experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Barnard, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L645, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jjbarnard@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1017/S0263034603214130 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 806YG UT WOS:000220468600014 ER PT J AU Lowery, TJ Rubin, SM Ruiz, EJ Spence, MM Winssinger, N Schultz, PG Pines, A Wemmer, DE AF Lowery, TJ Rubin, SM Ruiz, EJ Spence, MM Winssinger, N Schultz, PG Pines, A Wemmer, DE TI Applications of laser-polarized Xe-129 to biomolecular assays SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School on Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL ERICE, ITALY DE xenon binding; ligand-protein interactions; biosensor; protein conformation assay ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; XENON; MYOGLOBIN; PROTEINS; SITES; GAS AB The chemical shift sensitivity and significant signal enhancement afforded by laser-polarized Xe-129 have motivated the application of Xe-129 NMR to biological imaging and spectroscopy. Recent research done by our group has used laser-polarized Xe-129 in biomolecular assays that detect ligand-binding events and distinguish protein conformations. The successful application of unfunctionalized and functionalized Xe-129 NMR to in vitro biomolecular assays suggests the potential future use of a functionalized xenon biosensor for in vivo imaging. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DEWemmer@lbl.gov RI Winssinger, Nicolas/B-6710-2017 OI Winssinger, Nicolas/0000-0003-1636-7766 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0730-725X J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING JI Magn. Reson. Imaging PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1235 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/j.mri.2003.08.025 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 763WQ UT WOS:000188123800015 PM 14725931 ER EF