FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Looney, BB Denham, ME Vangelas, KM Bloom, NS AF Looney, BB Denham, ME Vangelas, KM Bloom, NS TI Removal of mercury from low-concentration aqueous streams using chemical reduction and air stripping SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE mercury; abatement and removal; streams; chemical treatment; air stripping ID ENVIRONMENT AB Field, laboratory, and engineering data confirmed the efficacy of chemical reduction and air stripping as a low concentration mercury treatment concept for water containing Hg(II). The process consists of dosing the water with low levels of stannous chloride [Sn(II)] to convert the mercury to elemental mercury (Hg-0). Hg-0 can easily be removed from the water by air stripping or sparging. We studied this concept for groundwater containing initial mercury concentrations of approximately 138 ng/L (0.00069 mumol/L). In undosed samples, sparging removed 0% of the initial mercury. Removal in the treated samples varied by reagent dose. Low reagent doses, with Sn:Hg stoichiometric ratios <1, showed little removal. High reagent doses, with Sn:Hg stoichiometric ratios greater than about 5 to 25, showed relatively complete removal (>94%) and yielded final mercury concentrations <10 ng/L (<0.00005 mumol/L). At intermediate doses, mercury removal was a function of the dose. A kinetic study indicated that addition of the Sn(II) reagent resulted in rapid reduction of Hg(II) to Hg-0. When combined with standard supporting engineering techniques (e.g., treating the purge air) as needed, a simple system of chemical reduction and stripping may be useful and cost effective. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Frontier Geosci Inc, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2003 VL 129 IS 9 BP 819 EP 825 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:9(819) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711VB UT WOS:000184760800005 ER PT J AU Tokunaga, TK Wan, JM Firestone, MK Hazen, TC Olson, KR Herman, DJ Sutton, SR Lanzirotti, A AF Tokunaga, TK Wan, JM Firestone, MK Hazen, TC Olson, KR Herman, DJ Sutton, SR Lanzirotti, A TI In situ reduction of chromium(VI) in heavily contaminated soils through organic carbon amendment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; GROUNDWATER; REMEDIATION; IRON(II); CR(VI); SURFACES; KINETICS; SYSTEMS AB Chromium has become an important soil contaminant at many sites, and facilitating in situ reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to nontoxic Cr(III) is becoming an attractive remediation strategy. Acceleration of Cr(VI) reduction in soils by addition of organic carbon was tested in columns pretreated with solutions containing 1000 and 10 000 mg L-1 Cr(VI) to evaluate potential in situ remediation of highly contaminated soils. Solutions containing 0, 800, or 4000 mg L-1 organic carbon in the form of tryptic soy broth or lactate were diffused into the Cr(VI)contaminated soils. Changes in Cr oxidation state were monitored through periodic micro-XANES analyses of soil columns. Effective first-order reduction rate constants ranged from 1.4 x 10(-8) to 1.5 x 10(-7) s(-1), with higher values obtained for lower levels of initial Cr(VI) and higher levels of organic carbon. Comparisons with sterile soils showed that microbially dependent processes were largely responsible for Cr(VI) reduction, except in the soils initially exposed to 10 000 mg L-1 Cr(VI) solutions that receive little (800 mg L-1) or no organic carbon. However, the microbial populations (less than or equal to2.1 x 10(5) g(-1)) in the viable soils are probably too low for direct enzymatic Cr(VI) reduction to be important. Thus, synergistic effects sustained in whole soil systems may have accounted for most of the observed reduction. These results show that acceleration of in situ Cr(VI) reduction with addition of organic carbon is possible in even heavily contaminated soils and suggest that microbially dependent reduction pathways can be dominant. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Tokunaga, TK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 46 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1641 EP 1649 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500007 PM 14535304 ER PT J AU Qian, YL Bandaranayake, W Parton, WJ Mecham, B Harivandi, MA Mosier, AR AF Qian, YL Bandaranayake, W Parton, WJ Mecham, B Harivandi, MA Mosier, AR TI Long-term effects of clipping and nitrogen management in turfgrass on soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics: The CENTURY model simulation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; FATE AB Experiments to document the long-term effects of clipping management on N requirements, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil organic nitrogen (SON) are difficult and costly and therefore few. The CENTURY ecosystem model offers an opportunity to study long-term effects of turfgrass clipping management on biomass production, N requirements, SOC and SON, and N leaching through computer simulation. In this study, the model was verified by comparing CENTURY-predicted Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) clipping yields with field-measured clipping yields. Long-term simulations were run for Kentucky bluegrass grown under home lawn conditions on a clay loam soil in Colorado. The model predicted that compared with clipping-removed management, returning clippings for 10 to 50 yr would increase soil C sequestration by 11 to 25% and nitrogen sequestration by 12 to 28% under a high (150 kg N ha(-1)yr(-1)) nitrogen (N) fertilization regime, and increase soil carbon sequestration by 11 to 59% and N sequestration by 14 to 78% under a low (75 kg N ha(-1)yr(-1)) N fertilization regime. The CENTURY model was further used as a management supporting system to generate optimal N fertilization rates as a function of turfgrass age. Returning grass clippings to the turf-soil ecosystem can reduce N requirements by 25% from 1 to 10 yr after turf establishment, by 33% 11 to 25 yr after establishment, by 50% 25 to 50 yr after establishment, and by 60% thereafter. The CENTURY model shows potential for use as a decision-supporting tool for maintaining turf quality and minimizing negative environmental impacts. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. No Colorado Water Conservancy Dist, Loveland, CO 80539 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Qian, YL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 27 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1694 EP 1700 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500013 PM 14535310 ER PT J AU McClellan, Y August, R Gosz, J Gann, S Parmenter, R Nelson, M Harper, M AF McClellan, Y August, R Gosz, J Gann, S Parmenter, R Nelson, M Harper, M TI Uptake rates of thorium progeny in a semiarid environment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; URANIUM; MILK; SOIL AB The release rates and transformation processes that influence the mobility, biological uptake, and transfer of radionuclides are essential to the assessment of the health effects in the food chain and ecosystem. This study examined concentrations of Th-232 in both soil and vegetation at a closed military training site, Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), New Mexico. Brazilian sludge was intentionally introduced into the topsoil in the early 1960s to simulate nuclear weapon accidents. Soil (60) and vegetation (120) samples were collected from 1996 to 2000 and analyzed for radionuclides and progeny. High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy was used to determine radionuclide activities. The results indicate that the thorium progeny were the predominant contaminant in soil and vegetation. Concentration ratios (CRs) were calculated based on actinium levels. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NRL S&T Reserve Unit, Chattanooga, TN 37406 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McClellan, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 0748, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1759 EP 1763 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500021 PM 14535318 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C AF Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C TI Inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with radio frequency electric fields SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MICROORGANISMS AB The application of radio frequency (RF) electric fields as a nonthermal alternative to thermal inactivation of microorganisms in liquids was investigated. A novel RF system producing frequencies in the range of 20 to 60 kHz was developed. Electric field strengths of 20 and 30 kV/cm were applied to suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in water over a temperature range of 35 to 55degreesC. The flow rate was 1.2 liters/min. The S. cerevisiae population was reduced by 2.1 +/- 0.1 log units following exposure to a 30-kV/cm field at 40degreesC. The results of the present study provide the first evidence that strong RF electric fields inactivate microorganisms at moderately low temperatures. Increasing the field strength, the number of treatments, and the temperature enhanced inactivation. Frequency had no effect on inactivation over the range of frequencies studied. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1712 EP 1715 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719PV UT WOS:000185213000033 PM 14503732 ER PT J AU Peevler, J Fayek, M Misra, KC Riciputi, LR AF Peevler, J Fayek, M Misra, KC Riciputi, LR TI Sulfur isotope microanalysis of sphalerite by SIMS: constraints on the genesis of Mississippi valley-type mineralization, from the Mascot-Jefferson City district, East Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE MVT; sulfur; isotopes; SIMS; sphalerite; Tennessee ID FLUID-INCLUSION EVIDENCE; LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS; THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; PINE POINT DEPOSIT; ORE-DEPOSITS; SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; VIBURNUM-TREND; S-34/S-32 RATIOS; GEOCHEMISTRY; PRECIPITATION AB The Mascot-Jefferson City (MJC) district is the most productive zinc district in East Tennessee. The deposits are of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT), hosted by carbonate rocks and dominated by sphalerite mineralization in strata-bound breccia bodies. We have utilized the high spatial resolution (20-30 mum) of the ion microprobe to obtain in situ sulfur isotopic analyses from discrete growth zones of sphalerite and analyses of associated pyrite. Two types of pyrite were noted: pre-sphalerite, diagenetic pyrite (delta(34)S of - 16.1parts per thousand and - 20.0parts per thousand) and syn-sphalerite pyrite that is intergrown with sphalerite (delta(34)S of 31.3parts per thousand to 33.7parts per thousand). Two textural varieties of sphalerite mineralization (banded and non-banded) were characterized. Banded sphalerite exhibits fine (gin to cm) banding that has grown around a carbonate substrate. Banded sphalerite has delta(34)S values from 27.8parts per thousand to 5 1.0%o, high Cd contents (up to 0.96 wt.%) and dark areas that are likely due to minute inclusions of organic carbon. The non-banded sphalerite has delta(34)S values from 20.2parts per thousand to 39.5parts per thousand, high Fe content and no organic inclusions. Regardless of the textural variety of sphalerite mineralization, our results show that the sulfur isotopic composition within a single polished thin section is heterogeneous and can vary by as much as 15parts per thousand. The delta(34)S values recorded in this study are among the heaviest ever reported for MVT deposits. The microscale delta(34)S variations and presence of high delta(34)S values have been previously undocumented for East Tennessee. The data presented here suggest multiple sulfur sources and sulfide precipitation by fluid mixing. The most probable scenario involves significant sulfur input from a sulfate- and metal-bearing fluid of variable delta(34)S composition mixing with a gas cap containing H2S of relatively homogeneous delta(34)S composition. The gas cap provided lesser amounts of sulfur to the system. Mixing of two isotopically different sulfur sources of variable proportions can account for the observed microscale variation in delta(34)S. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peevler, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 77 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2-3 BP 277 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00195-X PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 716UC UT WOS:000185046700008 ER PT J AU Feinberg, JA Burke, RL AF Feinberg, JA Burke, RL TI Nesting ecology and predation of diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, at Gateway National Recreation Area, New York SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMMOPHILA-BREVILIGULATA; EGGS; TURTLES AB We studied Diamondback Terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, at Gateway National Recreation Area, New York. We found evidence of nesting terrapins at three locations within the Recreation Area and focused our research on the islands of Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. Female terrapins nested from early June through early August and oviposited at least two clutches per year. Mean clutch size was 10.9 eggs. Nesting activity increased with daily high temperature and high tide. The greatest number of terrapin nests was found in shrubland, dune, and mixed-grassland habitats, but nest densities were higher on a human-made sandy trail and on sandy beaches. We estimate that approximately 2053 nests were oviposited on the largest island in the refuge in 1999. In 1998 and 1999, we counted 1319 and 1840 depredated nests, respectively, throughout the refuge. Raccoons were introduced into Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge approximately 20 yr prior to this study. Raccoons depreciated 92.2% of nests monitored on the largest island during the 1999 nesting season. We also found the carcasses of adult female terrapins that apparently were killed by raccoons as they came on land to nest. This terrapin population may be undergoing demographic changes as a result of the introduction of raccoons. C1 Hofstra Univ, Dept Biol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. RP Feinberg, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 81 Cornell Ave,Bldg 120, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 35 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1670/207-02A PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 731UY UT WOS:000185905900008 ER PT J AU Ferrieri, RA AF Ferrieri, RA TI Supercritical fluids in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry, Part I: technology, instrumentation and methodology SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Review DE supercritical fluid; radioisotope extraction; supercritical fluid chromatography; supercritical fluid reactions; PET radiopharmaceutical synthesis ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLVATION ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTOR; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; CRITICAL MOBILE PHASES; DIELS-ALDER REACTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; GROUP SELECTIVITY AB Although the last two decades has seen a keen interest in using supercritical fluids as media for material processing and chemical reactions owing to their unique physical properties, this technology has been underutilized in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry. The successful application of this technology necessitates not only having a sound knowledge of the physicochemical properties and phenomena occurring within such critical states of matter, but also a clear idea of the tools needed and means for applying them. These topics will be presented under the cover of two parts. Part I will address topics on the general background of supercritical fluid technology, equipment needed, whether for chemistry or separation, and basic techniques to access critical states of matter. Part II will follow in a subsequent volume and is meant to provide a description of applications with cited examples and potential areas for development. The hope is that sufficient interest is stimulated so as to encourage radiochemists to look to alternative technologies of this nature to solve their daily laboratory challenges. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ferrieri, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rferrieri@bnl.gov NR 111 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-4803 EI 1099-1344 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 46 IS 10 BP 893 EP 922 DI 10.1002/jlcr.731 PG 30 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 731KD UT WOS:000185882200001 ER PT J AU Ferrieri, RA AF Ferrieri, RA TI Supercritical fluids in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry, Part II: Applications - real and demonstrated SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Review DE supercritical fluid; radioisotope extraction; supercritical fluid chromatography; supercritical fluid reactions; PET radiopharmaceutical synthesis ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; METAL-IONS; LABELED COMPOUNDS; SOLID MATERIALS; BRAIN UPTAKE; EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOLUENE; AMMONIA; LIQUID AB In Part I of this review series, an overview was presented on what the basic properties of supercritical fluids are and how they can, and are being used in many of today's industries as solvents for extraction, chromatography and reaction. A good part of this overview detailed the kinds of equipment needed, and techniques on how to use them for optimal performance. Part II of this series will delve into specific applications of supercritical fluid technology as it relates to aspects of medical isotope processing. The reader will note that very few applications of this technology to Nuclear Medicine have been published. Many potential applications cited within the context of this review derive from preliminary studies carried out in the author's laboratory. These examples are presented to spark interest in future developments of this nature. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ferrieri, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 46 IS 10 BP 923 EP 943 DI 10.1002/jlcr.732 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 731KD UT WOS:000185882200002 ER PT J AU Meriles, CA Sakellariou, D Pines, A AF Meriles, CA Sakellariou, D Pines, A TI Broadband phase modulation by adiabatic pulses SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPIN INVERSION; NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; FIELDS AB The use of inhomogeneous but spatially correlated static and radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields offers a potential methodology for performing magnetic resonance spectroscopy of samples placed outside the bore of the magnet. However, its practical implementation still presents challenging problems, among them the control of nuclear spins over broad frequency offset intervals. The present study introduces an efficient method of encoding the phase of the magnetization when the variation of the static field along the sample is much larger than the RF amplitude. The procedure is based on the use of consecutively applied full-passage adiabatic pulses. The induced phase modulation is broadband and selective because it does not depend on the offset relative to the central frequency and the limits can be sharply defined. Finally, the encoded phase depends almost linearly on the local RF amplitude. All these features enable the recovery of an inhomogeneity-free spectrum with amplitudes close to the theoretically attainable maximum. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/F-2846-2010 OI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/0000-0001-7424-5543 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 164 IS 1 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S1090-7807(03)00157-5 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 717NC UT WOS:000185095200023 PM 12932471 ER PT J AU Hill, JM Johnston, DC Cook, BA Harringa, JL Russell, AM AF Hill, JM Johnston, DC Cook, BA Harringa, JL Russell, AM TI Magnetization study of the ultra-hard material MgAlB14 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ultra-hard boride MgAlB14; magnetization measurements; ferromagnetic impurities ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALMGB14; BORON; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; REFINEMENT; BORIDES AB Magnetic susceptibility chi versus temperature T, magnetization M versus T, and isothermal M versus magnetic field H studies of the ultra-hard material MgAlB14 were carried out in search of superconductivity or ferromagnetism in this compound. Two types of samples were synthesized: (1) powder and (2) chemically substituted and unsubstituted hot pressed pellets prepared from mechanically alloyed powders. chi(T) measurements on a powder sample revealed temperature-independent diamagnetism with a Curie-Weiss impurity concentration equivalent to similar to 1 mol % of spin-1/2 ions. In contrast, M(T) and M(H) data on the hot pressed samples, both substituted and unsubstituted, showed evidence of ferromagnetic transitions above similar to 330 K. Scanning electron microscopy and Auger microprobe analysis of the hot pressed samples indicated that both substituted and unsubstituted samples contained significant concentrations of Fe impurities. We conclude that pure MgAlB14 is neither a superconductor nor a ferromagnet above 1.8 K and exhibits temperature-independent diamagnetism from 1.8 K up to room temperature. The ferromagnetism observed in the hot pressed samples is likely due to Fe impurities abraded from the stainless steel mills used to mix the starting materials prior to hot pressing the samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 265 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00220-8 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 718TJ UT WOS:000185162300004 ER PT J AU Pasternak, MP Xu, WM Rozenberg, GK Taylor, RD Jeanloz, R AF Pasternak, MP Xu, WM Rozenberg, GK Taylor, RD Jeanloz, R TI Pressure-induced coordination crossover in magnetite; the breakdown of the Verwey-Mott localization hypothesis SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE high pressure; Mossbauer spectroscopy; phase transition ID FE3O4; TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; GAP AB Temperature-dependent Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy to 40 GPa shows that Fe3O4 magnetite undergoes a coordination crossover (CC), whereby charge density is shifted from octahedral to tetrahedral sites and the spinel structure thus changes from inverse to normal with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. A precursor to the CC is a d-charge decoupling within the octahedral sites at the inverse-spinel phase. The CC transition takes place almost exactly at the Verwey transition temperature (T-V = 122 K) at ambient pressure. While T-V decreases with pressure the CC-transition temperature increases with pressure, reaching 300K at 10GPa. The d electron localization mechanism proposed by Verwey and later by Mott for T < T-V is shown to be unrelated to the actual mechanism of the metal-insulator transition attributed to the Verwey transition. It is proposed that a first-order phase transition taking place at similar to T-V at ambient pressure opens a small gap within the oxygen p-band, resulting in the observed insulating state at T > T-V. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Ramat Aviv, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM hh136@post.tau.ac.il NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 265 IS 2 BP L107 EP L112 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00549-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 717ZF UT WOS:000185120100001 ER PT J AU Suh, D Dauskardt, RH Asoka-Kumar, P Sterne, PA Howell, RH AF Suh, D Dauskardt, RH Asoka-Kumar, P Sterne, PA Howell, RH TI Temperature dependence of positron annihilation in a Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be bulk metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPEN-VOLUME REGIONS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; TRANSITION; LIFETIME; HYDROGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION; LIQUIDS AB A strong temperature dependence of positron annihilation with low-momentum electrons is reported for a Zr-based bulk metallic glass in the temperature range 50-300 K. The observed behavior was rationalized in terms of shallow versus deep positron traps. An interpretation of the data was presented based on the idea that there were two different types of open-volume regions: Bernal interstitial sites and thermally unstable larger holes. Bernal interstitial sites, intrinsic to the glass structure, were found to be insensitive to annealing. Alternatively, the larger holes were removed by annealing. The strong correlation between these larger holes and diffusion and viscous flow processes suggests that they may act as diffusion and flow defects. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Suh, D (reprint author), Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 2021 EP 2024 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0283 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 718PB UT WOS:000185154600004 ER PT J AU Paranthaman, M Aytug, T Christen, DK Arendt, PN Foltyn, SR Groves, JR Stan, L DePaula, RF Wang, H Holesinger, TG AF Paranthaman, M Aytug, T Christen, DK Arendt, PN Foltyn, SR Groves, JR Stan, L DePaula, RF Wang, H Holesinger, TG TI Growth of thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta films carrying a critical current of over 230 A/cm on single LaMnO3-buffered ion-beam assisted deposition MgO substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID Y-123 COATED CONDUCTORS; BUFFER LAYERS; PERFORMANCE; TEMPLATE; TAPES AB A single LaMnO3 buffer layer was developed for the growth of superconducting thick YBa2CU3O7-delta (YBCO) films on polycrystalline Ni-alloy substrates where a biaxially textured MgO layer, produced by ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD), was used as a template. Using pulsed laser deposition, a 1.65-mum-thick YBCO film with a critical current density of 1.4 x 10(6) A/cm(2) in self field at 75 K was achieved on sputtered LaMnO3-buffered IBAD MgO substrates. This corresponds to a critical current (I-c) of 231 A/cm-width. This result demonstrates the possibility of using both LaMnO3 buffer and IBAD MgO template for producing high current density YBCO-coated conductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paranthaman, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 2055 EP 2059 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0289 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 718PB UT WOS:000185154600010 ER PT J AU Lee, MH Bae, DH Kim, DH Sordelet, DJ AF Lee, MH Bae, DH Kim, DH Sordelet, DJ TI Synthesis of Ni-based bulk metallic glass matrix composites containing ductile brass phase by warm extrusion of gas atomized powders SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; ENHANCED PLASTICITY; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FORMING ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB To prevent catastrophic failure by propagating highly localized shear bands and to overcome the limited dimension of metallic glass, centimeter-scale Ni59Zr20Ti16Si2Sn3 bulk metallic glass matrix composites were fabricated by warm extrusion of a mixture of gas-atomized fully amorphous powders and ductile brass powders. After consolidation, the composite retained the fully amorphous matrix found in the gas-atomized powder combined with the brass second phase. The glass-transition and crystallization temperatures of the extruded material were the same as those of the starting powders. The confined ductile brass phase enabled the bulk metallic glass matrix composites to deform plastically under uniaxial compression at room temperature. The combination of strength and ductility in the inherently brittle Ni-based monolithic materials could be obtained by introducing a ductile phase in the bulk metallic glass matrix. However, control of the volume fraction and distribution of the ductile brass phase was important for the proper combination of the strength and plasticity. C1 Yonsei Univ, Ctr Non Crystalline Mat, Dept Met Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Ctr Non Crystalline Mat, Dept Met Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RI Juhyun, Oh/H-9185-2012; bang, changwook/J-7922-2012 NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 2101 EP 2108 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0295 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 718PB UT WOS:000185154600016 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW AF Chou, YS Stevenson, JW TI Novel silver/mica multilayer compressive seals for solid-oxide fuel cells: The effect of thermal cycling and material degradation on leak behavior SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICA SEALS; SEALANTS; SOFC AB A novel Ag/mica compressive seat was thermally cycled between 100 degreesC and 800 degreesC in air to evaluate its stability. The novel Ag/mica compressive seal was composed of a naturally cleaved Muscovite mica sheet and two thin silver layers, and was reported in a previous study to have very low leak rates at 800 degreesC. In the present study, we examined the thermal cycle stability of the Ag/mica-based compressive seals pressed between mating couples with large and small mismatch in thermal expansion. For comparison, thermal cycling also was conducted on plain mica as well as plain silver only. In addition, the results were compared with published data of a similar mica seal using glass instead of Ag as the interlayers. For mating materials of large mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient (CTE; Inconel/alumina), the Ag/mica seal showed lower leak rates than the plain mica. For mating materials of small mismatch in CTE (SS430/alumina), the leak rates were similar for both the Ag/mica and the plain mica seal. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure of the mica after thermal cycling. Microcracks, fragmentation, and wear-particle formation were observed on the mica and were correlated to the leak behavior. Overall, the novel Ag/mica seals present good thermal cycle stability for solid-oxide fuel cells, although the leak rates were greater than the corresponding mica seals with glass interlayers. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resource Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resource Div, POB 999,K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yeong-shyung.chou@pnl.gov NR 15 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 2243 EP 2250 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0313 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 718PB UT WOS:000185154600034 ER PT J AU Porter, R Harvey, N Perkins, S Theiler, J Brumby, S Bloch, J Gokhale, M Szymanski, J AF Porter, R Harvey, N Perkins, S Theiler, J Brumby, S Bloch, J Gokhale, M Szymanski, J TI Optimizing digital hardware perceptrons for multi-spectral image classification SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL IMAGING AND VISION LA English DT Article DE neural network; morphological network; shared weight network; reconfigurable computers; field programmable gate arrays; evolutionary algorithms; evolvable hardware ID NEURAL NETWORKS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; FILTERS; NEOCOGNITRON; DESIGN AB We propose a system for solving pixel-based multi-spectral image classification problems with high throughput pipelined hardware. We introduce a new shared weight network architecture that contains both neural network and morphological network functionality. We then describe its implementation on Reconfigurable Computers. The implementation provides speed-up for our system in two ways. (1) In the optimization of our network, using Evolutionary Algorithms, for new features and data sets of interest. (2) In the application of an optimized network to large image databases, or directly at the sensor as required. We apply our system to 4 feature identification problems of practical interest, and compare its performance to two advanced software systems designed specifically for multi-spectral image classification. We achieve comparable performance in both training and testing. We estimate speed-up of two orders of magnitude compared to a Pentium III 500 MHz software implementation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Porter, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-9907 J9 J MATH IMAGING VIS JI J. Math. Imaging Vis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1023/A:1024777431042 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 700QV UT WOS:000184123400005 ER PT J AU Bensasson, D Feldman, MW Petrov, DA AF Bensasson, D Feldman, MW Petrov, DA TI Rates of DNA duplication and mitochondrial DNA insertion in the human genome SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Numt; numtDNA; segmental duplication; human population genetic markers ID SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; PROCESSED PSEUDOGENES; TARSIUS-BANCANUS; NUCLEAR GENOME; EVOLUTION; PRIMATES; SEQUENCES AB The hundreds of mitochondrial pseudogenes in the human nuclear genome sequence (numts) constitute an excellent system for studying and dating DNA duplications and insertions. These pseudogenes are associated with many complete mitochondrial genome sequences and through those with a good fossil record. By comparing individual numts with primate and other mammalian mitochondrial genome sequences, we estimate that these numts arose continuously over the last 58 million years. Our pairwise comparisons between numts suggest that most human numts arose from different mitochondrial insertion events and not by DNA duplication within the nuclear genome. The nuclear genome appears to accumulate mtDNA insertions at a rate high enough to predict within-population polymorphism for the presence/absence of many recent mtDNA insertions. Pairwise analysis of numts and their flanking DNA produces an estimate for the DNA duplication rate in humans of 2.2 x 10(-9) per numt per year. Thus, a nucleotide site is about as likely to be involved in a duplication event as it is to change by point substitution. This estimate of the rate of DNA duplication of noncoding DNA is based on sequences that are not in duplication hotspots, and is close to the rate reported for functional genes in other species. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bensasson, D (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Dept, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM douda@pseudogene.net OI Bensasson, Douda/0000-0002-9015-2707 NR 35 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 57 IS 3 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s00239-003-2485-7 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 715VJ UT WOS:000184992800012 PM 14629044 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Lee, EH Hunn, JD AF Byun, TS Lee, EH Hunn, JD TI Plastic deformation in 316LN stainless steel - characterization of deformation microstructures SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; DISK-BEND TEST; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; MECHANISMS; MARTENSITE; ORIGIN; DISLOCATION; CRYSTALS; HELIUM; PROTON AB The effects of irradiation, test temperature, and strain on the deformation microstructures of a 316LN stainless steel have been investigated using a disk-bend method and transmission electron microscopy. Deformation microstructure changed progressively from a dislocation network dominant to a large stacking fault/twin band dominant microstructure with increasing radiation dose and with decreasing test temperature. Also, an increased strain level enhanced the propensity of deformation twinning. Since the stress was considered to be a key external parameter controlling deformation mechanism in 316LN austenitic stainless steel, the equivalent stress level was estimated for the examined surface of the disk sample. It was possible to categorize the deformation microstructures in terms of the equivalent stress range. A key conclusion is that the austenitic material will deform by forming bands of large stacking faults and twins when the stress exceeds a critical equivalent stress level of about 600 MPa by any of several possible strengthening measures: irradiation, increasing strain level, and decreasing test temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,Bldg 45005,MS-6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 321 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(03)00195-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 716TK UT WOS:000185044900004 ER PT J AU Benveniste, H Fowler, JS Rooney, WD Moller, DH Backus, WW Warner, DA Carter, P King, P Scharf, B Alexoff, DA Ma, YM Vaska, P Schlyer, D Volkow, ND AF Benveniste, H Fowler, JS Rooney, WD Moller, DH Backus, WW Warner, DA Carter, P King, P Scharf, B Alexoff, DA Ma, YM Vaska, P Schlyer, D Volkow, ND TI Maternal-fetal in vivo imaging: A combined PET and MRI study SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE maternal-fetal exchange; imaging; in vivo; primate ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; CO-REGISTRATION; RHESUS MACAQUES; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; METABOLITES; STRATEGIES; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE AB An understanding of how drugs are transferred between mother and fetus during the gestational period is an important medical issue of relevance to both therapeutic drugs and drugs of abuse. Though there are several in vitro and in vivo methods to examine this issue, all have limitations. Furthermore, ethical and safety considerations generally preclude such studies in pregnant humans. PET and appropriately labeled compounds have the ability to provide information on both maternal-fetal drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. We present here a nonhuman primate animal model and the methodology for combining PET and MRI to identify fetal organs and to measure maternal and fetal isotope distribution using F-18-FDG and a whole-body imaging protocol to demonstrate proof-of-principle. Methods: One nonpregnant nonhuman primate was used for determination of the anesthesia protocol and MRI methods and 3 pregnant nonhuman primates (Macaques radiata) weighing 4.5-7 kg were used for the imaging study and anesthetized with propofol (160-300 mug/kg/min). Anatomic T2-weighted MR images were acquired on a 4-T MR instrument. Subsequently, whole-body PET images were acquired 35 min after injection of 18F-FDG, and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated. Image processing and coregistration were performed using commercial software. Results: All animals underwent uneventful general anesthesia for a period of up to 7 h. Coregistration of PET and MR images allowed identification of fetal organs and demonstrated that 18F-FDG readily crosses the placenta and that F-18 accumulates in both maternal and fetal brain, heart, and bladder. Brain SUVs averaged 1.95 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SD) and 1.58 +/- 0.11 for mothers and fetuses, respectively. Monkeys delivered healthy babies after a normal gestational term of 170 d following the PET/MRI study. Conclusion: The pregnant macaque in combination with PET and MRI technology allows the measurement of radioisotope distribution in maternal and fetal organs. This demonstrates the potential for noninvasively measuring the transfer of drugs across the placenta and for measuring the fetal drug distribution. It also opens up the possibility for studying binding and elimination as well as the effects of a drug on specific cellular elements and physiologic processes during the gestational period in a primate model. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11793 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anesthesiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Brooklyn, Div Lab Anim Resources, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Benveniste, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490,30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1522 EP 1530 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 735FA UT WOS:000186100700038 PM 12960202 ER PT J AU Chronopoulos, AT Grosu, D Wissink, AM Benche, M Liu, JY AF Chronopoulos, AT Grosu, D Wissink, AM Benche, M Liu, JY TI An efficient 3D grid based scheduling for heterogeneous systems SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE distributed systems; CFD simulation; load balancing ID EULER AB The cost/performance ratio of networks of workstations has been constantly improving. This trend is expected to continue in the near future. The aggregate peak rate of such systems often matches or exceeds the peak rate offered by the fastest parallel computers. This has motivated research toward using a network of computers, interconnected via a fast network (cluster system) or a simple Local Area Network (LAN) (distributed system), for high performance concurrent computations. Some of the important research issues arise such as (i) Problem partitioning and virtual interconnection topology mapping; (ii) Execution scheduling and load balancing. Past results exist for grid partitioning (into subdomains) and mapping to parallel and distributed systems. In our work we consider the problem of grid partitioning of a 3D domain arising in aircraft CFD simulations in order to schedule tasks for load balanced execution on a heterogeneous distributed system. This problem has additional restrictions on how to partition the grid. Past work for this problem were on parallel systems with only few processor configurations. We derive heuristic algorithms for: (1) homogeneous systems with any number of processors; (2) heterogeneous systems taking into account the processor speed and memory capacity. We implement our algorithms on a dedicated network of workstations (using MPI) and test them with a CFD simulation code (TURNS-Transonic Unsteady Rotor Navier Stokes). (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Comp Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Computing, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chronopoulos, AT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Comp Sci, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RI Chronopoulos, Anthony/M-8720-2013 OI Chronopoulos, Anthony/0000-0002-8804-0773 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 63 IS 9 BP 827 EP 837 DI 10.1016/S0743-7315(03)00112-6 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 733KU UT WOS:000186000100005 ER PT J AU Vetter, JS Mueller, F AF Vetter, JS Mueller, F TI Communication characteristics of large-scale scientific applications for contemporary cluster architectures SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL AB This paper examines the explicit communication characteristics of several sophisticated scientific applications, which, by themselves, constitute a representative suite of publicly available benchmarks for large cluster architectures. By focusing on the message passing interface (MPI) and by using hardware counters on the microprocessor, we observe each application's inherent behavioral characteristics: point-to-point and collective communication, and floating-point operations. Furthermore, we explore the sensitivities of these characteristics to both problem size and number of processors. Our analysis reveals several striking similarities across our diverse set of applications including the use of collective operations, especially those collectives with very small data payloads. We also highlight a trend of novel applications parting with regimented, static communication patterns in favor of dynamically evolving patterns, as evidenced by our experiments on applications that use implicit linear solvers and adaptive mesh refinement. Overall, our Study contributes a better understanding of the requirements of current and emerging paradigms of scientific computing ill terms of their computation and communication demands. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 448 EGRC, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM vetter2@llnl.gov; mueller@cs.ncsu.edu NR 27 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 EI 1096-0848 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 63 IS 9 BP 853 EP 865 DI 10.1016/S0743-7315(03)00104-7 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 733KU UT WOS:000186000100009 ER PT J AU Lincot, D Zunger, A AF Lincot, D Zunger, A TI Foreword to: ICTMC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, CNRS, UMR 7575, Lab Electrochim & Chim Analyt, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Div Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lincot, D (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, CNRS, UMR 7575, Lab Electrochim & Chim Analyt, 11 Rue Pierre & Marie Curie, F-75231 Paris 05, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 64 IS 9-10 BP 1435 EP 1436 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(03)00268-3 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 723AN UT WOS:000185410400001 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, K Hasoon, FS Smith, S Young, DL Contreras, MA Johnson, PK Pudov, AO Sites, JR AF Ramanathan, K Hasoon, FS Smith, S Young, DL Contreras, MA Johnson, PK Pudov, AO Sites, JR TI Surface treatment of CuInGaSe2 thin films and its effect on the photovoltaic properties of solar cells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY OCT, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP ENSCP DE thin films ID EFFICIENCY; CDS AB Solar cells have been fabricated with partial electrolyte treatments of CuInGaSe2- (CIGS) thin film absorbers in lieu of a CdS layer. Treatment of the absorbers in a Cd or Zn containing solution is shown to produce conditions under which efficient solar cells can be fabricated. A similar effect is also observed in CuInGaSSe2 (CIGSS) graded band gap absorbers. These observations can be explained by the ability of Cd and Zn to produce n-type doping or inversion in the surface region. We also provide a brief review of similar work done elsewhere and identify directions for future investigations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 64 IS 9-10 BP 1495 EP 1498 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(03)00169-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 723AN UT WOS:000185410400011 ER PT J AU Jaffe, JE Zunger, A AF Jaffe, JE Zunger, A TI Defect-induced nonpolar-to-polar transition at the surface of CuInSe2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY OCT, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP ENSCP DE semiconductors ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; OXIDE SURFACES; SEMICONDUCTORS; METALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; EFFICIENCY; FILMS; BULK AB In contrast to zinc-blende semiconductors, where the nonpolar (110) surface has the lowest energy, our first-principles calculations on the chalcopyrite semiconductor CuInSe2 reveal that facets terminated by the (112)-cation and (112)-Se polar surfaces are lower in energy than the unfaceted (110) plane, despite the resulting increased surface area. This explains the hitherto puzzling existence of polar microfacets on nominally nonpolar (I 10) chalcopyrite surfaces. The extraordinary stability of these polar facets originates from the effective neutralization of surface charge by low-energy ordered Cu-In antisite or Cu vacancy surface defects, while the relaxed but defect-free (112) surface is metallic and much higher in energy. We explain the low carrier density of the observed faceted surface in terms of autocompensation between opposite-polarity facets. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jaffe, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 64 IS 9-10 BP 1547 EP 1552 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(03)00148-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 723AN UT WOS:000185410400019 ER PT J AU Janotti, A Wei, SH AF Janotti, A Wei, SH TI Epitaxially stabilized AgGaSe2 for high-efficiency spin-polarized electron source SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY OCT, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP ENSCP ID GAAS; PHOTOEMISSION; DIFFRACTION AB High-quality spin-polarized electron source (SPES) is of fundamental importance in the investigation of spin-dependent phenomena. Generally speaking, an ideal material for SPES application should have both large spin-orbit and positive crystal-field splitting. Currently, almost all sources in use with accelerators are based on photoemission from GaAs and related materials such as strained GaAs grown on GaAsP or InGaAs grown on GaAs. Nevertheless, the reduced critical layer thickness of these strained films leads to poor material quality and, consequently, low quantum efficiency. Besides other ordered ternary semiconductor compounds, tetragonal chalcopyrite ternary compounds have also been considered. However, since all these compounds have zero or negative crystal-field splitting, the achieved polarization and quantum efficiency are rather low. Here we propose a new material, AgGaSe2 in the CuAu phase, as a high-quality SPES. We show that it is possible to grow epitaxially strain-free AgGaSe2 in the CuAu phase on ZnSe substrate. Since this material has a direct-band gap, a large spin-orbit splitting, as well as a large positive crystal-field splitting, it is predicted to be a promising material for SPES with 100% spin polarization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008-6114,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM janottia@ornl.gov RI Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 64 IS 9-10 BP 1881 EP 1885 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(03)00145-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 723AN UT WOS:000185410400082 ER PT J AU Wong, CY AF Wong, CY TI Intensity interferometry for a chaotic source with a collective flow and multiple scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATION; SPACE-TIME EVOLUTION; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PION INTERFEROMETRY; PARTICLE INTERFEROMETRY; COHERENCE; PERCOLATION AB We study the effects of a collective flow and multiple scattering on two-particle correlation measurements in Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) intensity interferometry. While the derivation in this paper is not rigorous, we propose a semi-quantitative derivation to shed further light on the interesting RHIC HBT puzzle. We find that under a collective flow the effective source distribution in a two-particle correlation measurement depends on the initial source distribution. In addition, it depends on a collective flow phase function which consists of terms that tend to cancel each other. As the detected particles traverse from the source point to the freeze-out point, they are subject to multiple scattering with medium particles. We examine the effects of multiple scattering on HBT correlations. Applying the Glauber theory to multiple scattering at high energies and the optical model at intermediate energies, we find that multiple scattering leads to an absorption and an effective density distribution that depends on the initial source distribution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wongc@ornl.gov OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 NR 63 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2151 EP 2167 AR PII S0954-3899(03)60182-9 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/29/9/310 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 726YG UT WOS:000185628700010 ER PT J AU Androsch, R Wunderlich, B AF Androsch, R Wunderlich, B TI Specific reversible melting of polymers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE reversible crystallization and melting-polyethylene (PE); polypropylene (PP); temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; HEAT-CAPACITY MEASUREMENTS; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED DSC; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYETHYLENE; CRYSTALS; ANGLE; TMDSC; POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-OCTENE) AB Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry can detect a certain amount of reversible latent heat in flexible macromolecules. In short, one can identify a reversible melting in such polymers earlier thought to exhibit only fully irreversible crystallization and melting. Details of the reversible melting of isotactic polypropylene and ethylene-1-octene copolymers of low and medium densities have newly been measured and linked to the crystallization, annealing, or melting temperature. It is possible to assign the experimental reversibility of melting to specific crystal fractions that ultimately melt irreversibly at higher temperatures; that is, it is suggested that reversible melting mainly occurs only between the temperatures of their formation and their zero-entropy-production melting temperature, at which they change to a melt of the same degree of metastability. This is supported by the almost complete absence of reversibility below the temperature of crystal formation and the observation of a distinct relationship between the amount of irreversibly by annealing reorganized material and reversibility in the case of isotactic polypropylene. A given crystal fraction, characterized by its formation temperature and zero-entropy-production melting temperature, has a specific reversibility of the melt-to-crystal transition, which is represented by the ratio of the reversible latent heat to the total enthalpy change when the crystal fraction of interest ultimately melts. This specific reversibility is, for ethylene-1-octene copolymers, at least 25% at temperatures in the primary crystallization range, and this indicates that the reversible contribution to the total of the melting processes is much larger than expected from simple calculations by the excess apparent reversible heat capacity being referred to the heat of fusion of the polymer, as is commonly done. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.dagger C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Sci Mat, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Androsch, R (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Sci Mat, Geusaer Str, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 17 BP 2039 EP 2051 DI 10.1002/polb.10573 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 709WT UT WOS:000184650100007 ER PT J AU Richards, GA Straub, DL Robey, EH AF Richards, GA Straub, DL Robey, EH TI Passive control of combustion dynamics in stationary gas turbines SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID LEAN PREMIXED COMBUSTORS; THERMOACOUSTIC INSTABILITY; OSCILLATIONS; FLAMES; MODEL AB This paper summarizes passive methods used to improve the stability of low-emission combustors in stationary power gas turbines. Common passive methods are reviewed, including discussion of control model concepts, application of simple time-lag models, and a review of acoustic dampers. Applications of time-lag modifications are presented, and limitations of this approach are discussed. Nyquist analysis is used to show how changing the time lag can be confounded by the presence of multiple acoustic modes. Experimental results demonstrating the frequency shifts predicted by Nyquist analysis are also shown. Stabilizing effects of distributed time lags are discussed, along with some field applications. A review of acoustic dampers shows that these devices are not widely applied in stationary engines compared to rocket or afterburner combustors, but have shown good results where applied. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Parsons Project Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Richards, GA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 77 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 795 EP 810 DI 10.2514/2.6195 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 726YU UT WOS:000185629800007 ER PT J AU Ridgway, PL Russo, RE Lafond, EF Jackson, T Habeger, CC AF Ridgway, PL Russo, RE Lafond, EF Jackson, T Habeger, CC TI Laser ultrasonic system for on-line measurement of elastic properties of paper SO JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE on line measurement; lasers; elasticity; coaters; paper; paper boards; ultrasonic tests; stiffness ID MOVING PAPER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRENGTH; WAVES AB A laser based ultrasonic system for non-contact measurement of the elastic properties of paper was evaluated on a pilot paper coating machine operating at paper web speeds of up to 25.4 m/s (5000 ft/min). Flexural rigidity and out-of-plane shear rigidity were calculated from the frequency dependence of the phase velocity of A(o)-mode Lamb waves. These ultrasonic waves were generated in the paper with a pulsed Nd.-YAG laser. Fibre-optic delivery of the generation pulse was demonstrated. Lamb waves were detected with a Mach Zehnder interferometer coupled with a scanning mirror/timing system to compensate for paper motion. Six paper grades ranging in basis weight from 39 to 100 g/m(2) and a 280 g/m(2) paperboard were tested. For the six paper grades, the on-line laser ultrasonic measurements of flexural rigidity agreed within experimental error with conventional laboratory contact ultrasonic measurements on stationary samples. The effects of web tension and moisture content on flexural rigidity measurements were quantified. The low-frequency signal amplitude from the paperboard was insufficient for accurate measurements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. Weyerhaeuser Tech Ctr, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. RP Ridgway, PL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg 70R0108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PULP & PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION CANADA PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3X6, CANADA SN 0826-6220 J9 J PULP PAP SCI JI J. Pulp Pap. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 9 BP 289 EP 293 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 734CP UT WOS:000186037900001 ER PT J AU Abdallah, J Junkel-Vives, GC Faenov, AY Skobelev, IY Pikuz, TA Magunov, AI Blasco, F Bonte, C Dorchies, F Caillaud, T Salin, C Stenz, C AF Abdallah, J Junkel-Vives, GC Faenov, AY Skobelev, IY Pikuz, TA Magunov, AI Blasco, F Bonte, C Dorchies, F Caillaud, T Salin, C Stenz, C TI Time-dependent study of K-shell satellite line structure from L-shell ions in ultra-short laser argon cluster experiments SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE K-shell spectra; time dependent kinetics; short pulse lasers ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; NUCLEAR-FUSION; PULSES; PLASMAS; SPECTROMETER; SPECTRUM; TARGET AB The interaction of high-power, ultra-short, femtosecond laser pulses with matter, particularly solids and atomic gas clusters has been an area of extensive research in recent years. In particular, gas cluster targets, with their high densities and resistance to heat conduction, combine the advantages of both gas and solid targets. High temperature and high-density plasmas with satellite lines from multiply charged ions have been observed: 2p-1s emissions in Li-like through F-like ions appear in the experimental spectrum. The experimental satellite spectra show sensitivity to pulse duration, laser contrast, and cluster size. Since the laser energy is deposited in such a short timescale, a time-dependent model is being developed to study the plasma formation in such systems. In the present work, preliminary time-integrated spectra simulated from this model are presented assuming different initial conditions for the pre-plasma. The computational model also includes a provision for non-thermal electrons at energies substantially above the mean plasma temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr VNIIFTRI, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Bordeaux 1, CELIA, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Abdallah, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,T-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM abd@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00047-5 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000001 ER PT J AU Audebert, P Nagels, V Geindre, JP Dorchies, F Peyrusse, O Gary, S Girard, F Shepherd, R Gauthier, JC Chenais-Popovics, C AF Audebert, P Nagels, V Geindre, JP Dorchies, F Peyrusse, O Gary, S Girard, F Shepherd, R Gauthier, JC Chenais-Popovics, C TI X-ray spectroscopy of a thin foil plasma produced by a short-pulse high-intensity laser SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE high density plasma; short pulse laser; X-ray spectroscopy ID CONTROLLED PREFORMED PLASMA; SOLID-DENSITY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; FEMTOSECOND; DYNAMICS; ALUMINUM; TARGETS; DRIVEN; PHASE; MODEL AB High density and temperature plasmas have been generated by irradiating thin foils of various elements with a high-energy subpicosecond laser pulse. The X-ray emission duration was studied by time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy. Frequency domain interferometry provided a measurement of the hydrodynamic expansion of the back of the foil as a function of time. The effect of longitudinal temperature gradients, i.e., gradients perpendicular to the surface, were decreased using very thin foil targets. Additionally, radial gradients effects, i.e., gradients parallel to the surface, were limited by using a 50 mum pinhole on target. The Al, Se and Sm spectra, recorded in the range 7.7-8 Angstrom using a conical crystal spectrometer coupled to an 800 fs resolution streak camera, lasted a few picoseconds. Sm spectra showed no spectral features in this wavelength range, providing a spectrally homogeneous backlighter for future experiments. The main features of the experimental time-resolved spectra have been well reproduced with one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the free expansion of a plasma heated at a given initial temperature obtained from the expansion velocity of the rear critical surface of the plasma. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, CEA,UMR 7605,LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Bordeaux, CELIA, F-33405 Talence, France. Comissariat Energie Atom, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Audebert, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, CEA,UMR 7605,LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00049-9 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000003 ER PT J AU Bailey, JE Arnault, P Blenski, T Dejonghe, G Peyrusse, O MacFarlane, JJ Mancini, RC Cuneo, ME Nielsen, DS Rochau, GA AF Bailey, JE Arnault, P Blenski, T Dejonghe, G Peyrusse, O MacFarlane, JJ Mancini, RC Cuneo, ME Nielsen, DS Rochau, GA TI Opacity measurements of tamped NaBr samples heated by z-pinch X-rays SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DENSITY PHYSICS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMAS; MODEL; LASER; HOT; TEMPERATURE; ARRAYS; RANGE AB Laboratory measurements provide benchmark data for wavelength-dependent plasma opacities to assist inertial confinement fusion, astrophysics, and atomic physics research. There are several potential benefits to using z-pinch radiation for opacity measurements, including relatively large cm-scale lateral sample sizes and relatively-long 3-5 ns experiment durations. These features enhance sample uniformity. The spectrally resolved transmission through a CH-tamped NaBr foil was measured. The z-pinch produced the X-rays for both the heating source and backlight source. The (50 +/- 4) eV foil electron temperature and (3 +/- 1) x 10(21) cm(-3) foil electron density were determined by analysis of the Na absorption features. LTE and NLTE opacity model calculations of the n = 2 to 3, 4 transitions in bromine ionized into the M-shell are in reasonably good agreement with the data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, DSM, DRECAM,SPAM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bailey, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00050-5 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000004 ER PT J AU Bauche, J Bauche-Arnoult, C Peyrusse, O Bachelier, A Fournier, KB Chenais-Popovics, C Gauthier, JC AF Bauche, J Bauche-Arnoult, C Peyrusse, O Bachelier, A Fournier, KB Chenais-Popovics, C Gauthier, JC TI Analysis of a non-LTE xenon spectrum by means of the model of superconfiguration temperatures SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE non-LTE plasmas; collisional-radiative model; populations in plasmas ID TRANSITION-ARRAYS; PLASMAS; HOT AB The method of superconfiguration (SC) temperatures is used for interpreting the experimental spectrum of a non-LTE xenon plasma with kT(e) = 450 eV and n(e) = 1.2 x 1020 cm(-3). 109 SCs are selected for representing the eight relevant ions. The coefficients of the linear equations for the populations and the temperatures of these SCs are deduced from the rates of the atomic processes between the constituent configurations. The obtained ion balance is close to the results of previous calculations by other methods. The simulated spectrum agrees very well with the experimental spectrum. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lab Aimee Cotton, F-91405 Orsay, France. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Bauche, J (reprint author), Lab Aimee Cotton, Campus Orsay,Batiment 505, F-91405 Orsay, France. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00051-7 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000005 ER PT J AU Benredjem, D Kuba, J Moller, C AF Benredjem, D Kuba, J Moller, C TI Collimated-X-ray propagation in Ne-like and Ni-like media SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray lasers; ray-tracing; laser-plasma interaction ID LASER AB We present results on the propagation of X-ray lasers where amplification occurs in a laser-produced plasma having a large proportion of either Ni-like silver or Ne-like iron ions. A ray-trace algorithm is used to model the refraction of the X-ray beam due to electron density gradients. The electron density profile used in the ray-trace calculations is provided by the hydro-code EHYBRID. Knowing the beam paths for various initial conditions the intensity and population densities are calculated in the saturation regime by using a Maxwell-Bloch approach. In the saturation regime, interaction between the pencil-shaped X-ray beam and the medium must be taken into account. In our modeling, the radiative transfer equation and the population rate equations are handled in a single calculation as the X-ray electric field affects the level populations and vice versa. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, LIXAM, Ctr Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Benredjem, D (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, LIXAM, Ctr Orsay, Bat 350, F-91405 Orsay, France. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00059-1 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000006 ER PT J AU Bowen, C Decoster, A Fontes, CJ Fournier, KB Peyrusse, O Ralchenko, YV AF Bowen, C Decoster, A Fontes, CJ Fournier, KB Peyrusse, O Ralchenko, YV TI Review of the NLTE emissivities code comparison virtual workshop SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Review DE atomic physics; NLTE population kinetics; emissivity ID INCLUDING 2-ELECTRON TRANSITIONS; LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTION; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-BALANCE; IONIZATION; PLASMAS; LASER; MODEL; IONS AB We review the first "virtual workshop" designed to compare NLTE emissivities produced by widely differing types of atomic physics codes. A small set of significant results, illustrating the progress that is still to be achieved, is presented. We conclude with some lessons learned and possible avenues for future progress. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Bowen, C (reprint author), CEA, DIF, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 34 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00061-X PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000008 ER PT J AU Chung, HK Morgan, WL Lee, RW AF Chung, HK Morgan, WL Lee, RW TI FLYCHK: an extension to the K-shell spectroscopy kinetics model FLY SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE collisional-radiative modeling; hydrogenic mode; K-shell spectroscopy ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; EXCITATION; IONS AB The K-shell spectroscopy code FLY and its predecessors have been employed to study hot dense plasmas for decades. FLY has provided a basis for studies of K-shell ions up to Z = 26, where its ease of use, PC application base, and synthetic spectral production have made it attractive to both experimentalists and modelers. However, the application has been focused on K-shell ions where less ionized species are represented as a ground state only. To attempt to make this simple model predict the ionization and recombination through the less ionized stages, we extend the model to include kinetics models for all ion stages. The emphasis of this extension is not to provide detailed spectra or population for the L- or M-shell, but to provide a K-shell model with enhanced accuracy in those cases where ionization and recombination through the L- and M-shell are important. This work is a first step in generating an application that will allow detailed analysis of sub-picosecond self-consistent velocity distribution and population kinetics solutions. We will discuss the extensions and provide examples. Finally, we will outline the progress towards the eventual goal of the self-consistent solution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Kinema Res, Monument, CO 80132 USA. RP Chung, HK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-399, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00064-5 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000011 ER PT J AU Eidmann, K Andiel, U Pisani, F Hakel, P Mancini, RC Junkel-Vives, GC Abdallah, J Witte, K AF Eidmann, K Andiel, U Pisani, F Hakel, P Mancini, RC Junkel-Vives, GC Abdallah, J Witte, K TI K-shell spectra from hot dense aluminum layers buried in carbon and heated by ultrashort laser pulses SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE K-shell spectroscopy; short pulse laser; spectral line shifts ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SOLID-DENSITY; MULTIELECTRON IONS; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; LINE-PROFILES; FS LASER; PLASMAS; SPECTROSCOPY; IRRADIATION; WAVELENGTHS AB Ultrashort laser pulses allow for the generation of hot plasmas near solid state densities. For this purpose a Ti:Sapphire laser was used, which delivers after frequency doubling, pulses of high contrast with an energy of about 60 mJ and a duration of 150 fs at 395 run. The typical intensity on the target was a few 10(17) W/cm(2). To achieve a high degree of uniformity we used targets consisting of a 25 run thin Al tracer layer buried at different depths up to 400 nm in solid carbon. Time-integrated Al K-shell spectra are presented. Characteristic features of the spectra are significant high-order satellite line emission, strong line broadening and a center-of-mass line shift to the red, which was observed in transitions from principal quantum number n = 2 or 3 to 1. Accurate measurement of the shift was made possible by using the cold Si K-alpha line as an absolute wavelength calibration. In addition to time-integrated measurements, we used an ultrafast X-ray streak camera to obtain time and spectrally resolved spectra. Typical durations of the Ly(alpha) and He-alpha lines are in the range 2-4 ps. The experimental results are compared with a time-dependent model, which combines hydrodynamic simulations, time-dependent atomic kinetics, detailed spectral line shapes including line shifts, and radiation transport. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eidmann, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00067-0 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000014 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Flora, F Bollanti, S Di Lazzaro, P Murra, D Reale, A Reale, L Tomassetti, G Ritucci, A Bellucci, I Martellucci, S Petrocelli, G Belyaev, VS Vinogradov, VI Kyrilov, AS Matafonov, AP AF Fournier, KB Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Flora, F Bollanti, S Di Lazzaro, P Murra, D Reale, A Reale, L Tomassetti, G Ritucci, A Bellucci, I Martellucci, S Petrocelli, G Belyaev, VS Vinogradov, VI Kyrilov, AS Matafonov, AP TI Rydberg transitions in the spectra of near-neon-like Cu and Zn ions in different laser-produced plasmas: observations and modeling SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectra; neon-like ions; Cu19+-copper; Zn20+-zinc; Rydberg series ID X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; 2L-NL' TRANSITIONS; RELATIVE INTENSITY; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; CHARGE STATES; FE-XVII; K-SHELL; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY; CONFIGURATIONS AB We present observations of high-n transitions in the spectra of neon-like Cu19+ and Zn20+ ions observed in a variety of laser-produced plasmas (LPPs). The spectra are recorded with spectral resolution lambda/Deltalambda = 30008000 from three different laser sources: a 15 ns-pulse length Nd:glass, a ps-pulse length Nd:glass, a 12 ns-pulse length XeCl laser. These spectral. observations are used to classify the transitions in the 2p-nd and 2s-np Rydberg series of the Ne-like copper and zinc ions, and to derive their first and second ionization energies. The plasma X-ray emission is simulated with a steady-state collisional-radiative model that includes the effect of self-absorption on line intensities, and the effect of hot-electron populations on the ionization balance. These spectra, along with those in our other recent work, provide a comprehensive set of data that can be used to test the accuracy of atomic-structure calculations, and to demonstrate the importance of opacity and hot electron effects on high-n transitions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr VNIIFTRI, Moscow 141570, Russia. ENEA, Dipartimento Innovaz, Settore Fis Applicata, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. Univ Aquila, INFM, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Gc LNGS, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, INFM, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Fis & Energet, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Cent Res Inst Machine Bldg, TSNIIMASH, Korolev 141070, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM fournier2@llnl.gov RI matafonov, anatoly/R-7542-2016 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00069-4 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000016 ER PT J AU Freeman, R Anderson, C Hill, JM King, J Snavely, R Hatchett, S Key, M Koch, J MacKinnon, A Stephens, R Cowan, T AF Freeman, R Anderson, C Hill, JM King, J Snavely, R Hatchett, S Key, M Koch, J MacKinnon, A Stephens, R Cowan, T TI Understanding the role of fast electrons in the heating of dense matter: experimental techniques and recent results SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE lasers; plasmas; radiation; electron transport ID LASER-PLASMA INTERACTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD GENERATION; SOLID TARGETS; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; IGNITION; PULSES; GAIN; REAR AB An intense laser impinging upon dense matter converts a large fraction of its energy into fast electrons. (Here we take "fast" to mean electrons that are much more energetic than the normal Boltzmann-like distribution measured in the tens to hundreds of eV.) Upon transiting the interior of the dense matter, these electrons are responsible for isochoric heating of the material. Just how these electrons traverse the material, and various interfaces within the material, is a subject of substantial amounts of computation and theory, and recently, experiments. Here we outline the nature of the heating mechanisms, and the current level of understanding of the complex physical processes. In particular we discuss new experimental techniques to record essential features of this transport problem. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. RP Freeman, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Mackinnon, Andrew/A-4901-2008; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00070-0 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000017 ER PT J AU Haynes, DA Regan, SP Gunderson, MA Delmater, ND AF Haynes, DA Regan, SP Gunderson, MA Delmater, ND TI Observation, interpretation, and diagnostic utility of plasma-induced line shifts SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE stark broadening; line shifts ID STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; MULTIELECTRON IONS; DENSE-PLASMAS; PROFILES; OPACITY AB Time-resolved Ar K-shell spectra from directly driven microballoon implosions are presented, where the position of the He- and H-like resonance lines and their associated satellites apparently shift to lower energy as the implosion proceeds. This apparent shift is explained as being solely the result of the plasma-induced line shifts long predicted by Stark broadening theory. The properties of the line shift and the line shape are exploited in a proposed time-dependent diagnostic of plasma composition which may be useful in determining time-dependent ablator-fuel mix amounts in inertial confinement fusion experiments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Haynes, DA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1016/s0022-4073(03)0073-6 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000020 ER PT J AU Iglesias, CA Chen, MH Sonnad, V Wilson, BG AF Iglesias, CA Chen, MH Sonnad, V Wilson, BG TI A new detailed term accounting opacity code for mid-Z elements: TOPAZ SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiative opacity; detailed term accounting ID OPAL AB A new opacity code, TOPAZ, that explicitly includes the detailed configuration term structure for mid-Z elements is under development and preliminary results are presented. The main purpose is to extend the current capabilities of opacity codes such as OPAL, which are limited to elements of astrophysical interest, towards heavier elements. Results from the new code are compared to several past experiments. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Iglesias, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00075-X PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000022 ER PT J AU Csanak, G Kilcrease, DP Meneses, GD AF Csanak, G Kilcrease, DP Meneses, GD TI Coupled channel formulation of the perturbed finite-temperature atomic random phase approximation: single channel approximation SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE average atom; finite temperature random phase approximation; photoabsorption ID SPHERICAL CELL MODEL; DENSE-PLASMAS; AVERAGE ATOM; PHOTOABSORPTION; HOT AB We present the spin and angular momentum analysis of the inhomogeneous coupled partial integro-differential equation formulation of the finite-temperature random phase approximation of an atom in a plasma. We demonstrate the cancellation of the direct and exchange self-interaction terms in the three-dimensional form of the equations. The direct self-interaction terms are also shown to cancel for each partial wave in the radial equations obtained from the spin and angular momentum analysis. We discuss how this inhomogeneous formulation avoids normalization difficulties encountered in our previous homogeneous eigenvalue formulation. Finally, the photoabsorption of the atom is given in terms of its polarizability. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13081 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Csanak, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663,MS B212, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; OI Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00077-3 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000024 ER PT J AU Langer, SH Scott, HA Marinak, MM Landen, OL AF Langer, SH Scott, HA Marinak, MM Landen, OL TI Comparisons of line emission from 2-and 3-dimensionsal simulations of ICF capsules to experiments SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; inertial confinement fusion; atomic line emission ID IMPLOSIONS; MODEL; NOVA AB Hydrodynamic instabilities and drive asymmetries can reduce the yield in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosion. Line emission from trace elements placed in the capsule can be used to diagnose the extent of the departures from an ideal spherical implosion. This paper presents the results of a large number of 2D simulations and a few 3D simulations of line emission from argon in the DH fuel and titanium placed in the inner layers of the plastic shell of a Nova ICF capsule. In the simulations, the interface between the fuel and the shell becomes highly distorted. The simulations are compared to Nova experimental data on the thermonuclear yield, the ratio of argon Ly-beta to titanium He-alpha, the relative strength of titanium He-alpha and its satellite lines, and the strength of the continuum near titanium He-alpha. The agreement is good enough to confirm that the simulations correctly model the basic character of the implosion. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Langer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-022,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S00220-4073(03)00080-3 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000027 ER PT J AU Moon, SJ Fournier, KB Scott, H Chung, HK Lee, RW AF Moon, SJ Fournier, KB Scott, H Chung, HK Lee, RW TI Optical pumping experiments in the XUV regime SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE laser produced plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; free electron laser ID X-RAY LASERS; RESONANCE-FLUORESCENCE; PLASMA AB The construction of the Tesla Test Facility at DESY, a short pulse tunable soft X-ray free electron laser (FEL) source based on the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process, will provide a major advance in the capability for dense plasma-related and warm dense matter research. This source will provide 10(13) photons in a 200 fs duration pulse that is tunable from similar to 6 to 100 nm. Laser-based plasma spectroscopic techniques have been used with great success to determine the line shapes of atomic transitions in plasmas, study the population kinetics of atomic systems embedded in plasmas, and look at the redistribution of radiation. However, the possibilities for optical lasers end for plasmas with n(e) greater than or equal to 10(22) cm(-3) as light propagation is severely altered by the plasma. Since an XUV-FEL will not have this limitation the entire field of high density plasma kinetics in laser produced plasma will then be available to study with the tunable source. Thus, one will be able to use these X-ray sources to pump individual transitions creating enhanced population in the excited states that can be easily monitored. We show two case studies illuminating different aspects of plasma spectroscopy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moon, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-473,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00083-9 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000030 ER PT J AU Shepherd, R Audebert, P Chen, HK Fournier, KB Peyreusse, O Moon, S Lee, RW Price, D Klein, L Gauthier, JC Springer, P AF Shepherd, R Audebert, P Chen, HK Fournier, KB Peyreusse, O Moon, S Lee, RW Price, D Klein, L Gauthier, JC Springer, P TI Satellite and opacity effects on resonance line shapes produced from short-pulse laser heated foils SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE short pulse laser produced plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; short pulse laser ID PLASMAS; MODEL AB We measure the He-like, time-resolved emission from two types of thin foils (1) consisting of 250 Angstrom of carbon together with 250 Angstrom of aluminum and (2) 500 Angstrom aluminum, illuminated with a 150 fs laser pulse at an intensity of loll W/cm(2). Diclectronic satellite contributions to the resonance transitions 1s(2)-1s2p(P-1), 1s(2)-1s3p(P-1), and 1s(2)-1s4p(P-1) are modeled using the configuration-averaged code AVERROtS and is found to be significant for all three resonance lines. The effects of opacity are inferred from the data and found to be significant only in the 1s(2)-1s2p(P-1). (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Paris 06, CEA, CNRS, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses,Ecole Polytechn, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. CEA, DIF, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Shepherd, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00093-1 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000040 ER PT J AU Welser, LA Mancini, RC Koch, JA Izumi, N Dalhed, H Scott, H Barbee, TW Lee, RW Golovkin, IE Marshall, F Delettrez, J Klein, L AF Welser, LA Mancini, RC Koch, JA Izumi, N Dalhed, H Scott, H Barbee, TW Lee, RW Golovkin, IE Marshall, F Delettrez, J Klein, L TI Analysis of the spatial structure of inertial confinement fusion implosion cores at OMEGA SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; plasma diagnostics; data analysis ID PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; GRADIENTS; EMISSION; OPACITY AB We report on an experimental and modeling study of the spatial structure in indirectly driven implosion cores. To this end, Ar-doped D-2-filled plastic shells were irradiated with the OMEGA laser system. We focus on processing and analysis of data recorded with a new X-ray imager (MMI-2) that records numerous narrow-band images that include both line and continuum emission. The temperature and density gradients are determined by using a multi-objective analysis of X-ray narrow-band images and X-ray line spectra. This analysis self-consistently determines the temperature and density gradients that yield the best fits to the spatially-resolved emissivity and space-integrated spectral line shapes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Welser, LA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM lwelser@physics.unr.edu RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00098-0 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000045 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Iglesias, C Chen, M AF Wilson, B Iglesias, C Chen, M TI Improvements in the phase-amplitude method for calculating free-free gaunt factors and spherical bessel functions of high angular momentum SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE inverse bremsstrahlung; gaunt factor; phase-amplitude methods ID RADIATIVE TRANSITIONS; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; WAVEFUNCTIONS; POTENTIALS; PLASMAS AB Standard quantum mechanical calculations of free-free gaunt factors can be computationally exacting due to the fine radial mesh required to resolve the oscillations in the continuum wavefunctions. Introducing a wavefunction representation in terms of amplitude and phase allows a coarser radial mesh leading to considerable speed up. However, special treatments of solving the non-linear differential equation for the amplitude and evaluating the radial dipole integrals are required. These algorithmic details are presented and contrasted to earlier schemes. A non-recursive method for calculating spherical Bessel functions of large order is also given. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L 473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 499 EP 512 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00099-2 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000046 ER PT J AU Hassan, NM Nash, CA Saito, HH Marra, JC AF Hassan, NM Nash, CA Saito, HH Marra, JC TI Effect of temperature on SuperLig (R) 644 cesium removal from simulated Hanford tank waste supernate SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Batch kinetic and column experiments have been carried out at 25, 35, and 45 C to examine the effect of temperature on SuperLig(R) 644 cesium (Cs) removal from simulated Hanford tank waste supernate. The simulated solution mimicked the composition of the low-activity waste supernate from tank 241-AN-105 in the U.S. DOE Hanford site. Small quantities of toxic metals, such as Cd, Cr, Fe, and Pb were spiked into the simulant to evaluate the metal's competitiveness with Cs for sorption on SuperLig(R) 644 resin. The results indicated that the temperature affects the removal of Cs and metal ions, although the effect was not the same for all metal ions. The extent of Cs removal decreased with an increase in temperature. The Cs capacity at breakthrough point was 0.015, 0.013, and 0.011-mmole/g dry resin at 25, 35 and 45 degreesC, respectively. The column was effectively eluted to less than 1% (0.1 C/C-0) of the feed concentration with approximately 10 BVs of 0.5M nitric acid. The resin showed limited affinity for toxic metal ions (Cr, Cd, Fe, and Pb) as compared to Cs. Based on the batch kinetic data, the Cs uptake of the resin was not hampered by the presence of the toxic metals in solution. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Hassan, NM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 258 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1023/A:1026289505194 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 733JP UT WOS:000185997100004 ER PT J AU Ozaki, T Ambe, S Abe, T Francis, AJ AF Ozaki, T Ambe, S Abe, T Francis, AJ TI Uptake of short half-life radionuclides, Mg-28, K-43 and Ca-47, in carrot studied by the multitracer technique: Feasibility of utilization of the radionuclides in environmental research SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; METAL-IONS; ADSORPTION; PLANTS AB We investigated successfully the uptake of the radionuclides with short half-lives, such as Na-24, Mg-28, K-43 and Ca-47, and the effect of stable Ca on their uptake in carrot (Daucas carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the multitraoer technique. These radionuclides were produced by a fragmentation reaction of Ti in a 135 MeV/nucleon C-12 beam accelerated by the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron. This study shows that these radionuclides in a multitraoer can be utilized in environmental research. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ozaki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 258 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1023/A:1026258125666 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 733JP UT WOS:000185997100013 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Plutonium disproportionation: Remark on species distributions SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Balanced disproportionation equations indicate phenomena not predicted by the traditional, two-reaction-product equations. This communication illustrates unanticipated maxima in oxidation state distributions and suggests that they might be useful for characterizing alpha coefficients in aqueous solutions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E500, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 258 IS 1 BP 157 EP 158 DI 10.1023/A:1026230714280 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 733JP UT WOS:000185997100024 ER PT J AU Guenther, DA Detling, JK AF Guenther, DA Detling, JK TI Observations of cattle use of prairie dog towns SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cattle; prairie dogs; Cynomys ludovicianus; grazing; shortgrass steppe ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; SHORTGRASS RANGE; FOOD-HABITS; BISON; VEGETATION AB We investigated the use of prairie dog towns by cattle (Bos taurus) on the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado by conducting surveys of cattle and vegetation from June to August 1999. Cattle presence and behavior were recorded 3 times a week during driving surveys of 15 black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns. A subset of 3 pastures with prairie dog towns was intensively surveyed twice weekly wherein the habitat and activity of a randomly chosen focal animal was recorded every 6 minutes for 3.5 hours. Bite and step counts of other individuals were recorded for 5-minute intervals. Vegetation height and cover data were collected monthly on each of 6 habitats. Results from driving surveys and intensively surveyed pastures were similar; cattle neither significantly preferred nor avoided prairie dog towns. Bare ground cover on prairie dog towns did not significantly differ from most other habitats, but vegetation on prairie dog towns was significantly shorter on (mean = 6.7 cm) than that off (mean = 11.9 cm) prairie dog towns. Nevertheless, foraging observations indicated that there was no significant difference between cattle foraging rates on swales (70.9 bites/min) and prairie dog towns (69.5 bites/min). Thus, cattle on the shortgrass steppe appear to use prairie dog towns in proportion to their availability and, while there, they graze as intensively as they do on habitats not inhabited by prairie dogs. C1 Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Guenther, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Detling, James/I-1691-2013 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.2307/4003830 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200002 ER PT J AU Parsons, B Swift, DJP Williams, K AF Parsons, B Swift, DJP Williams, K TI Quaternary facies assemblages and their bounding surfaces, Chesapeake Bay mouth: An approach to mesoscale stratigraphic analysis SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN DELMARVA PENINSULA; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; INNER SHELF; EASTERN SHORE; VIRGINIA; EVOLUTION; USA; CURRENTS; SYSTEMS; ESTUARY AB Shallow marine facies assemblages in the late Quaternary section of Virginia's Eastern Shore Peninsula shed new light on the relationship between mesoscale stratigraphic units (facies assemblages or "depositional systems") and the bounding surfaces from which they have been formed. These units were deposited by the coast-parallel progradation of the Pleistocene barrier spit (Eastern Shore Peninsula) during successive highstands. As a consequence, each segment of the spit complex has been produced by the coast-parallel translation of a relatively small growth area at the spit tip. The distal end of the present (Holocene) barrier system appears to closely resemble the Pleistocene highstand growth area, and this environment consequently serves as a partial analog for interpreting the depositional environment of the fossil highstand deposits. The many facies patterns present in the spit complex can be reduced to four kinds of facies assemblages (depositional systems), adopting a process-based model (facies template). In this scheme, definitions of both "facies" and "facies assemblage" are more limited than is the case in most textbook definitions in that the facies of a given assemblage are systematically related to each other by grain size and stratal pattern, and also related to a bounding surface ("source diastem") which is the immediate source of sediment for the facies assemblage. Vertical transitions between individual facies are easily identified in outcrop, but the horizontal gradients of facies change are too gentle to be observed over the short dimensions of the borrow pits, and do not have sufficient acoustic contrast to appear on ground-penetrating radar records. However, the facies assemblages, both in the borrow pits and on radar records, stand out by virtue of their sharply defined bounding surfaces (source diastems). The facies assemblage either buries its source diastem or is capped by it. The assemblages in the spit complex are, in ascending stratigraphic order: (1) several tidal shoal assemblages, each underlain by a channel-base diastem, (2) Two shoreface assemblages separated by an intervening marginal shoal assemblage and its underlying channel-base diastem, and (3) a beach-strandplain assemblage, underlain by a surf diastem. All of these systems prograded southward as the nose of the spit prograded, and while they did so, zones of erosion cut the bounding surfaces that separate them. Two important bounding surfaces are "conjugate" surfaces, that nourished both the facies assemblage above and the assemblage beneath. As each surface advanced, erosion at their leading edge spilled sediment forward, down the nose of the spit, while sediment was also swept backward, aiding in the burial of the surface. A conjugate surface creates a "sandwich" structure, in which two facies assemblages are separated by the generating surface. Proximal facies are back-to-back across these sediment-spreading boundaries. Episodic progradation of the spit tip by development of successive, recurved, beach ridges has overprinted the horizontal first-order reflectors (separating facies assemblages) with gently dipping second-order reflectors that separate successive growth increments of the spit. Although less clearly defined, these growth increments are essentially high-frequency autocyclic sequences, and constitute the next higher scale of spatial organization above the depositional systems scale. The manner in which facies have been organized into depositional systems in the late Pleistocene highstand deposits of the Eastern Shore is specific to this estuary-mouth setting. These assemblages are, however, local expressions of a facies "template" that can be generalized to many other settings. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parsons, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155 NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 BP 672 EP 690 DI 10.1306/012103730672 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 719XV UT WOS:000185231100003 ER PT J AU Gokhale, M Frigo, J Mccabe, K Theiler, J Wolinski, C Lavenier, D AF Gokhale, M Frigo, J Mccabe, K Theiler, J Wolinski, C Lavenier, D TI Experience with a hybrid processor: K-means clustering SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE configurable system on a chip; CSOC; Excalibur; FPGA; k-means clustering; image processing ID VECTOR QUANTIZER; ALGORITHM AB We discuss hardware/software co-processing on a hybrid processor for a compute- and data-intensive multispectral imaging algorithm, k-means clustering. The experiments are performed on two models of the Altera Excalibur board, the first using the soft IP core 32-bit NIOS 1.1 RISC processor, and the second with the hard IP core ARM processor. In our experiments, we compare performance of the sequential k-means algorithm with three different accelerated versions. We consider granularity and synchronization issues when mapping an algorithm to a hybrid processor. Our results show that speedup of 11.8X is achieved by migrating computation to the Excalibur ARM hardware/software as compared to software only on a Gigahertz Pentium III. Speedup on the Excalibur NIOS is limited by the communication cost of transferring data from external memory through the processor to the customized circuits. This limitation is overcome on the Excalibur ARM, in which dual-port memories, accessible to both the processor and configurable logic, have the biggest performance impact of all the techniques studied. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Inst Rech Informat & Syst Aleatoires, CNRS, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Gokhale, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI McCabe, Kevin/H-3381-2013 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 131 EP 148 DI 10.1023/A:1024495400663 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 694RT UT WOS:000183788600003 ER PT J AU Stock, SR Ignatiev, K Dahl, T Barss, J Fezzaa, K Veis, A Lee, WK De Carlo, F AF Stock, SR Ignatiev, K Dahl, T Barss, J Fezzaa, K Veis, A Lee, WK De Carlo, F TI Multiple microscopy modalities applied to a sea urchin tooth fragment SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE sea urchins; teeth; X-ray microCT; X-ray phase contrast; calcite; keel; computed tomography ID X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; PHASE-CONTRAST MICROTOMOGRAPHY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; FATIGUE-CRACK; TEETH; ECHINODERMATA; INTERFEROMETRY; MORPHOLOGY; ECHINOIDEA AB Two synchrotron X-ray microscopy methods, phase-contrast microradiography (the propagation method) and absorption microCT (high-resolution computed tomography or microtomography), and laser-scanning confocal microscopy (visible wavelength) were used to study a fragment of the keel of a tooth of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Stripes observed in the phase-contrast images of the fragment were also seen in confocal micrographs. MicroCT showed that the stripes were due to two parallel planar arrays of low-absorption channels within the bulk of the keel. In the phase microradiographs, maximum contrast stripes appear when a channel image from one row coincides with a channel image from the second row; otherwise, contrast is minimal. Long channels do not appear to have been observed previously in keels of sea urchin teeth. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Bioengn & Nanosci Adv Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stock, SR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Bioengn & Nanosci Adv Med, Ward 13-130,303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [KO8-DE00424, DE01374, KO8-DE07201] NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1107/S0909049503013992 PN 5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 715YM UT WOS:000185002100014 PM 12944629 ER PT J AU Fischetti, RF Rodi, DJ Mirza, A Irving, TC Kondrashkina, E Makowski, L AF Fischetti, RF Rodi, DJ Mirza, A Irving, TC Kondrashkina, E Makowski, L TI High-resolution wide-angle X-ray scattering of protein solutions: effect of beam dose on protein integrity SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE wide-angle X-ray scattering; diffraction; protein structure; radiation damage; third-generation synchrotron sources ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; QUATERNARY STRUCTURE; TROPONIN-C; CRYSTAL; DETECTOR AB Wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns from proteins in solution contain information relevant to the determination of protein fold. At relevant scattering angles, however, these data are weak, and the degree to which they might be used to categorize the fold of a protein is unknown. Preliminary work has been performed at the BioCAT insertion-device beamline at the Advanced Photon Source which demonstrates that one can collect X-ray scattering data from proteins in solution to spacings of at least 2.2 Angstrom (q = 2.8 Angstrom(-1)). These data are sensitive to protein conformational states, and are in good agreement with the scattering predicted by the program CRYSOL using the known three-dimensional atomic coordinates of the protein. An important issue in the exploitation of this technique as a tool for structural genomics is the extent to which the high intensity of X-rays available at third-generation synchrotron sources chemically or structurally damage proteins. Various data-collection protocols have been investigated demonstrating conditions under which structural degradation of even sensitive proteins can be minimized, making this technique a viable tool for protein fold categorization, the study of protein folding, unfolding, protein-ligand interactions and domain movement. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, GM CA CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, BioCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Makowski, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, GM CA CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-08630] NR 23 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1107/S0909049503016583 PN 5 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 715YM UT WOS:000185002100015 PM 12944630 ER PT J AU Wolinski, C Gokhale, M McCabe, K AF Wolinski, C Gokhale, M McCabe, K TI Polymorphous fabric-based systems: Model, tools, applications SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article AB A polymorphous fabric-based systems is a parameterized cellular architecture in which an array of computing cells communicates with an embedded processor through a global memory. This architecture is customizable to different classes of applications by functional unit, interconnect, and memory parameters, and can be instantiated efficiently on platform FPGAs. In previous work [IEEE Micro 22(5) (2002)], we have demonstrated the advantage of reconfigurable fabrics for image and signal processing applications. Recently, we have build a fabric generator (FG), a Java-based toolset that greatly accelerates construction of the fabrics. A module-generation library is used to define, instantiate, and interconnect cells' datapaths. FG also generates customized sequencers for individual cells or collections of cells. We describe the fabric-based system model, the FIG toolset, and concrete realizations of fabric architectures generated by FIG on the Altera Excalibur ARM that can deliver 4.5 GigaMACs/s (8/16 bit data, multiply-accumulate). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. IFSIC, IRISA, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Wolinski, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McCabe, Kevin/H-3381-2013 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7621 J9 J SYST ARCHITECT JI J. Syst. Architect. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4-6 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S1383-7621(03)00074-2 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 738MH UT WOS:000186292100003 ER PT J AU Hemrick, JG Kistler, CW Wereszczak, AA Ferber, MK AF Hemrick, JG Kistler, CW Wereszczak, AA Ferber, MK TI Thermal conductivity of alumina measured with three techniques SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE thermal conductivity; refractories; calorimetry; hot-wire; laser-flash; alumina AB Three common ASTM methods (calorimetry, hot-wire, and laser-flash) for determining the thermal conductivity of refractory ceramics were compared using a commonly available bulk material having a microstructure sufficient for all three methods of analysis. Experimental measurements were made between 20-1200degreesC on a fine-grained, 94% pure aluminum oxide using each technique. Results from the hot-wire and laser-flash methods were found to be similar and in line with theoretical and literature values. Values obtained by the calorimetry method were found to be lower than those of the other two methods, with a greater deviation at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Orton Ceram Fdn, Westerville, OH 43086 USA. RP Hemrick, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 31 IS 5 BP 438 EP 442 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 716JW UT WOS:000185025900010 ER PT J AU Weiss, JD AF Weiss, JD TI Using fiber optics to detect moisture intrusion into a landfill cap consisting of a vegetative soil barrier SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The intrusion of moisture into landfills can pose a health hazard because of the possibility that the moisture will carry harmful substances into the groundwater. Early detection of moisture anywhere within these landfills is essential if corrective action is to be taken well before an occurrence of this kind. This paper presents the results of a field-scale simulation test of the use of fiber optics to detect the presence of moisture within landfill covers, using a detection method based on the thermal response of soils as a function of their moisture content. By sending electrical current through an embedded stainless-steel tube, soils of varying moisture content were heated and time-dependent temperature measurements were obtained with a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor system. The optical fiber itself lay within the tube, but its temperature was a function of how rapidly heat was conducted into the surrounding medium. The results of this experiment, which are in agreement with those obtained using more traditional "point" sampling and laboratory analysis, are presented along with the strengths and limitations of the thermal-response method of detecting moisture. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weiss, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 1081,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1130 EP 1148 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 719BG UT WOS:000185183100009 PM 13678370 ER PT J AU Lim, H Eng, J Yates, JR Tollaksen, SL Giometti, CS Holden, JF Adams, MWW Reich, CI Olsen, GJ Hays, LG AF Lim, H Eng, J Yates, JR Tollaksen, SL Giometti, CS Holden, JF Adams, MWW Reich, CI Olsen, GJ Hays, LG TI Identification of 2D-gel proteins: A comparison of MALDI/TOF peptide mass mapping to mu LC-ESI tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-FEMTOMOLE LEVEL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 2-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; TISSUE PROTEINS; CELL FRACTIONS; PROTEOME; MIXTURES; DATABASE; ELECTROPHORESIS AB A comparative analysis of protein identification for a total of 162 protein spots separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from two fully sequenced archaea, Methanococcus jannaschii and Pyrococcus furiosus, using MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping (PMM) and muLC-MS/MS is presented. 100% of the gel spots analyzed were successfully matched to the predicted proteins in the two corresponding open reading frame databases by muLC-MS/MS while 97% of them were identified by MALDI-TOF FMM. The high success rate from the PMM resulted from sample desalting/concentrating with ZipTip(C18) and optimization of several PMM search parameters including a 25 ppm average mass tolerance and the application of two different protein molecular weight search windows. By using this strategy, low-molecular weight (<23 kDa) proteins could be identified unambiguously with less than 5 peptide matches. Nine percent of spots were identified as containing multiple proteins. By using μLC-MS/MS, 50% of the spots analyzed were identified as containing multiple proteins. μLC-MS/MS demonstrated better protein sequence coverage than MALDI-TOF PMM over the entire mass range of proteins identified. MALDI-TOF and PMM produced unique peptide molecular weight matches that were not identified by μLC-MS/MS. By incorporating amino acid sequence modifications into database searches, combined sequence coverage obtained from these two complimentary ionization methods exceeded 50% for &SIM;70% of the 162 spots analyzed. This improved sequence coverage in combination with enzymatic digestions of different specificity is proposed as a method for analysis of post-translational modification from 2D-gel separated proteins. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Argonne Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Diversa Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Yates, JR (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, SR11,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Eng, Jimmy/I-4202-2012; Holden, James/E-6815-2013; Eng, Jimmy/C-6556-2017 OI Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737; Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-11823] NR 50 TC 93 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP 957 EP 970 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00144-2 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 718AW UT WOS:000185123800004 PM 12954164 ER PT J AU Strittmatter, EF Ferguson, PL Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Strittmatter, EF Ferguson, PL Tang, KQ Smith, RD TI Proteome analyses using accurate mass and elution time peptide tags with capillary LC time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION; SEPARATIONS; INTERFACE; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; UTILITY; IONS AB We describe the application of capillary liquid chromatography (LC) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometric instrumentation for the rapid characterization of microbial proteomes. Previously (Lipton et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99, 11049) the peptides from a series of growth conditions of Deinococcus radiodurans have been characterized using capillary LC MS/MS and accurate mass measurements which are captured as an accurate mass and time (AMT) tag database. Using this AMT tag database, detected peptides can be assigned using measurements obtained on a TOF due to the additional use of elution time data as a constraint. When peptide matches are obtained using AMT tags (i.e., using both constraints) unique matches of a mass spectral peak occurs 88% of the time. Not only are AMT tag matches unique in most cases, the coverage of the proteome is high; similar to3500 unique peptide AMT tags are found on average per capillary LC run. From the results of the AMT tag database search, similar to900 ORFs detected using LC-TOFMS, with similar to500 ORFs covered by at least two AMT tags. These results indicate that AMT database searches with modest mass and elution time criteria can provide proteomic information for approximately one thousand proteins in a single run of <3 h. The advantage of this method over using MS/MS based techniques is the large number of identifications that occur in a single experiment as well as the basis for improved quantitation. For MS/MS experiments, the number of peptide identifications is severely restricted because of the time required to dissociate the peptides individually. These results demonstrate the utility of the AMT tag approach using capillary LC-TOF MS instruments, and also show that AMT tags developed using other instrumentation can be effectively utilized. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, MSIN K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Ferguson, Lee/A-5501-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; NR 29 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP 980 EP 991 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00146-6 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 718AW UT WOS:000185123800006 PM 12954166 ER PT J AU Bates, TW Thurmond, MC Hietala, SK Venkateswaran, KS Wilson, TM Colston, BW Trebes, JE Milanovich, FP AF Bates, TW Thurmond, MC Hietala, SK Venkateswaran, KS Wilson, TM Colston, BW Trebes, JE Milanovich, FP TI Surveillance for detection of foot-and-mouth disease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SWINE HERDS; VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; SHEEP C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Phys & Biophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div R, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Vet Serv, USDA, Emergency Serv, Armed Forces Med Intelligent Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bates, TW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Phys & Biophys Div, POB 808,L-174, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 223 IS 5 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.2460/javma.2003.223.609 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 715FQ UT WOS:000184960700012 PM 12959376 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Weil, KS Paxton, DM Stevenson, JW AF Yang, ZG Weil, KS Paxton, DM Stevenson, JW TI Selection and evaluation of heat-resistant alloys for SOFC interconnect applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CHROMIUM-CONTAINING ALLOY; W/O CR ALLOYS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DEFECT STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC RESISTANCE; CATHODE MATERIALS; SUPERALLOY FOILS; DOPED LAGAO3 AB Over the past several years, advances in the design and fabrication of planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have led to a steady reduction in the temperatures necessary for their operation. Consequently, it appears more realistic now to use low cost heat-resistant alloys for interconnect components in the SOFC stack. However, no specific criteria or inclusive study are available as a reference to help select and evaluate suitable candidates from the hundreds of available heat-resistant alloy compositions, which overall demonstrate oxidation resistance at high temperatures. In this work, composition criteria have been proposed for the preselection of heat-resistant compositions, such as Ni-, Fe-, and Co-based superalloys, Cr-based alloys, and stainless steels. The proposed criteria have been employed to establish a database of heat-resistant alloys at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, where a systematic approach has been initiated to evaluate and modify and/or develop alloys for SOFC interconnect applications. The preselected compositions are further evaluated by referring in-house studies and reference to published data. It appears that it would be difficult for traditional alloys to fully satisfy the materials requirements for long-term operation at temperatures higher than 700degreesC. However, the applicability can be improved via surface/bulk modification and by the implementation of novel stack designs. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 92 TC 221 Z9 225 U1 6 U2 61 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 150 IS 9 BP A1188 EP A1201 DI 10.1149/1.1595659 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 710GU UT WOS:000184673100007 ER PT J AU Laget, V Jeffcoate, CS Isaacs, HS Buchheit, RG AF Laget, V Jeffcoate, CS Isaacs, HS Buchheit, RG TI Dehydration-induced loss of corrosion protection properties in chromate conversion coatings on aluminum alloy 2024-T3 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHROMIUM HYDROXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; INHIBITION; CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; RAMAN; XANES; GEL AB It is well known that chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) exhibit a prompt loss in corrosion resistance when exposed to moderately elevated temperatures (60-100degreesC). They also suffer a gradual loss in corrosion resistance due to ambient temperature exposure. To better understand the origins of losses in corrosion resistance, CCCs were formed on 99.99% Al, 1100 Al [Al-1.0(Fe, Si, Cu)], and 2024-T3 (Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.6Mn), exposed to elevated and ambient temperature exposures for various lengths of time, and characterized using several different methods. The Cr(VI): total Cr ratio in CCCs was estimated by analysis of data derived from X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Corrosion resistance was measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The evolution of shrinkage cracking was examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Cr(VI) leaching experiments were also carried out to characterize the effect of thermal exposure on Cr(VI) release. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were conducted to characterize the temperature-dependent changes in CCCs. Results show that CCCs degrade in several distinct steps over the temperature range of 20 to 500degreesC. Our findings support the longstanding notion that dehydration is the root cause for losses in corrosion resistance due to aging at ambient and low temperatures (<150&DEG;C). Extended X-ray fine structure measurements indicate a shortening in Cr(III)-Cr(III) nearest neighbor distances upon dehydration. This is interpreted as a consolidation in the Cr(OH)(3) backbone of the CCC which leads to shrinkage cracking and immobilization of Cr(VI). This finding is important because it links older observations of the effects of aging and heating on CCCs to newer interpretations of CCC formation based on inorganic polymerization. Overall, these results reveal CCCs to be highly dynamic coatings with corrosion resistance properties that vary considerably in both the short term and long term. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Laget, V (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 150 IS 9 BP B425 EP B432 DI 10.1149/1.1593040 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 710GU UT WOS:000184673100022 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Wi, SC Yoon, S Suh, BJ Kang, JS Han, SW Kim, KH Sekiyama, A Kasai, S Suga, S Hwang, C Olson, CG Park, BJ Lee, BW AF Kim, JH Wi, SC Yoon, S Suh, BJ Kang, JS Han, SW Kim, KH Sekiyama, A Kasai, S Suga, S Hwang, C Olson, CG Park, BJ Lee, BW TI Photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of magnetoresistive double perovskite oxides SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE photoemission; double perovskites; X-ray absorption; electronic structure ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SR2FEMOO6; FE; PHOTOIONIZATION; SYMMETRY; SPECTRA; CRYSTAL AB The electronic structures of Sr2FeMoO6 and Ba2FeMoO6 double perovskites have been investigated using photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The Fe 2p XAS spectra reveal mixed-valent Fe3+-Fe2+ configurations and are consistent with the valence-band and Fe 2p core-level PES spectra. The states close to the Fermi level are found to have a strongly mixed Mo-Fe t(2g) character, indicating that the two valence states of Fe3+-Mo5+ and Fe2+-Mo6+ are degenerate. This finding suggests that a type of double exchange interaction is operative in these double perovskites to produce the ferrimagnetism. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chinju 660701, South Korea. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Phys Mat, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Dept Phys, Yongin 449791, South Korea. RP Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. EM kangjs@catholic.ac.kr RI Sekiyama, Akira/G-1851-2016 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 EI 1976-8524 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 416 EP 422 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 719XX UT WOS:000185231300018 ER PT J AU Lee, YK Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Blyakhman, Y Brzychczyk, J Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbee, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Grotowski, K Hagel, K Hansen, O Holm, A Holme, AK Ito, H Jakobsen, E Jipa, A Jorde, JI Jundt, F Jorgensen, CE Keutgen, T Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A McBreen, B Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Nielsen, BS Norris, J Olchanski, K Olness, J Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, SJ Sheetz, RA Sosin, Z Staszel, P Thorsteinsen, TF Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Wieloch, A Zgura, IS AF Lee, YK Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Blyakhman, Y Brzychczyk, J Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbee, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Grotowski, K Hagel, K Hansen, O Holm, A Holme, AK Ito, H Jakobsen, E Jipa, A Jorde, JI Jundt, F Jorgensen, CE Keutgen, T Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A McBreen, B Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Nielsen, BS Norris, J Olchanski, K Olness, J Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, SJ Sheetz, RA Sosin, Z Staszel, P Thorsteinsen, TF Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Wieloch, A Zgura, IS TI The BRAHMS experiment at the relativistic heavy ion collider SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Nuclear Physics CY OCT 24-25, 2002 CL HANYANG UNIV, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Phys Soc, Nucl Phys Div HO HANYANG UNIV DE relativistic heavy ion collidcr; BRAHAMS; hot and dense nuclear matter; multiplicity distiibution; rapidity distribution ID CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; HADRON-PRODUCTION; AU+AU COLLISIONS; MIDRAPIDITY; MODEL AB The BRAHMS probes the hot and dense nuclear matter at the RHIC which has reached its design energy of roots(NN) = 200 GeV for An + An collisions. The BRAHMS uses magnetic spectrometers for hadrons covering a large phase space 0 < y < 4 with good particle identification and momentum resolution. A comprehensive investigation of multiplicity distributions of emitted charged particles is carried out. Ratios of yields of antiparticles to particles are also measured as a function of rapidity. Rapidity dependent net-proton yield indicates that substantial transparency has been achieved in these collisions. Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons are measured up to 5 GeV/c which indicates a significant medium effect when compared to nucleon + nucleon reference spectra. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France. RP Lee, YK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM yklee@jhu.edu RI Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012 OI Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 SU S BP S27 EP S31 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 729ZG UT WOS:000185804300007 ER PT J AU Kim, YH AF Kim, YH TI Measurement of one-photon and two-photon wave packets in spontaneous parametric downconversion SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION CANCELLATION; INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT; DOWN-CONVERSION; LIGHT AB One-photon and two-photon wave packets of entangled two-photon states in spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) fields are calculated and measured experimentally. For type II SPDC, measured one-photon and two-photon wave packets agree well with theory For type I SPDC, the measured one-photon wave packet agrees with the theory. However, the two-photon wave packet is much bigger than the expected value, and the visibility of interference is low. We identify the sources of this discrepancy as the spatial filtering of the two-photon bandwidth and nonpair detection events caused by the detector apertures and the tuning-curve characteristics of the type I SPDC. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kim, Yoonho/D-2591-2012 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1959 EP 1966 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.20.001959 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 719AX UT WOS:000185182000021 ER PT J AU Dylla, F Redhead, P AF Dylla, F Redhead, P TI 50 years of science, technology, and the AVS (1953-2003) an introduction SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMERICAN-VACUUM-SOCIETY C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Dylla, F (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 SU S BP IV EP VI PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 727QZ UT WOS:000185671100001 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, RA McDowell, MW Ma, Q Harkay, KC AF Rosenberg, RA McDowell, MW Ma, Q Harkay, KC TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary electron yield analysis of Al and Cu samples exposed to an accelerator environment SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID CABRERA-MOTT MECHANISM; OXIDES; REDUCTION; COPPER; LAYER; OXIDATION; ALUMINUM; FILMS; XPS AB It is well known that exposure to an accelerator environment can cause "conditioning" of the vacuum chamber surfaces. In order to understand the manner in which the surface structure might influence the production of gases and electrons in the accelerator, such surfaces should be studied both before and after exposure to accelerator conditions. Numerous studies have been performed on representative materials prior to being inserted into an accelerator, but very little has been done on materials that have "lived" in the accelerator for extended periods. In the present work, we mounted Al and Cu coupons at different,positions in a section of the Advanced Photon Source storage ring and removed them following exposures ranging from 6 to 18 months. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the surface was performed before and after exposure. Changes were observed that depended on the location and whether the coupon was facing the chamber interior or chamber wall. These results will be presented and compared to XPS and secondary electron yield data obtained from laboratory measurements meant to simulate the accelerator conditions. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rosenberg, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1625 EP 1630 DI 10.1116/1.1593051 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 726PL UT WOS:000185608100012 ER PT J AU Moore, JF McCann, MP Pellin, MJ Zinovev, A Hryn, JN AF Moore, JF McCann, MP Pellin, MJ Zinovev, A Hryn, JN TI Ultrathin copper aluminum and nickel aluminide protective oxidation studied with an x-ray photoelectron spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; ALLOYS; NI3AL AB Oxidation in a regime where diffusion is rapid and pressures are low is addressed. Kinetic effects under these conditions are minimized and a protective oxide film of near-equilibrium composition that is a few nanometers thick may form. Ultrathin oxides have great potential for addressing the corrosion resistance of metals, since they do not always suffer stress-induced cracking upon thermal cycling, and can be reformed under high temperature, oxidizing environments. Ultrathin oxide films ate also preferable to those on a thick oxide scale for electrochemical applications due to their electrical properties. To study the growth of these oxide films, we have developed a high signal x-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The instrument can measure the near-surface composition during growth under oxygen partial pressures of up to 10(-5) mbar and surface temperatures up to 1300 K. Under these conditions, films grow to a level of 3 nm in 1 h. Experiments with Cu-Al alloys show rapid segregation of Al upon oxygen exposure at 875 K, whereas exposures at lower temperatures result in a mixed oxide. With a Ni-Al intermetallic, higher temperatures were needed to preferentially segregate Al. Thermal cycling followed by exposure to chlorine in the same instrument is used as a measure of the degree of corrosion resistance of the oxides in question. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moore, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1631 EP 1634 DI 10.1116/1.1593052 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 726PL UT WOS:000185608100013 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Averitt, RD Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, LG Averitt, RD Nastasi, M TI The role of trapped Ar atoms in the mechanical properties of boron carbide films deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; COATINGS; B4C; FRICTION; WEAR; BOMBARDMENT; CRYSTALS; ENERGIES; CARBON AB Boron carbide films were deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering and their composition, chemical bonding and mechanical properties were investigated as a function of the substrate bias voltage. The films are stoichiometric within the entire range of substrate bias voltages employed as determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. As the substrate bias voltage increases, higher amounts of trapped Ar atoms are found in the films. A decrease of the number of B-C bonds is observed while the hardness decreases and the compressive stress increases. It is suggested that the trapped Ar atoms are in substitutional sites and act to inhibit chemical bonds within the amorphous network which leads to softer films. The trapped Ar atoms also induce local expansion of the amorphous network and a correlation between the amount of trapped Ar atoms and the magnitude of the compressive internal stress is suggested. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Mail Stop 8,G755,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1639 EP 1643 DI 10.1116/1.1593054 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 726PL UT WOS:000185608100015 ER PT J AU Wang, N Ulmer, KM Constant, AP Anderegg, JW Snyder, JE AF Wang, N Ulmer, KM Constant, AP Anderegg, JW Snyder, JE TI Observation of the phase formation in Fe-N films deposited by reactive pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE16N2 FILMS; IRON; ALLOYS; MOMENT AB Fe-N films have been grown on SiO2/Si(100) substrates by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD). A series of films was deposited at 20 degreesC and at 250 degreesC, with a wide range of nitrogen pressures. Both nitrogen pressure and deposition temperature were found to affect the film average compositions, structures, phase percentages, and magnetic properties of the films. The saturation magnetization of the films is shown to depend not only on their average nitrogen content but also on the phases and their relative amounts that make up the films. In particular, the iron nitrides gamma'-Fe4N, and epsilon-Fe3N (which has a wide range of composition) play a major role in determining the magnetization. Results-can be understood in terms of the relative contributions of the deposition rate and atomic surface diffusion in producing thin-film structure. To date, no giant moments larger than M, of pure Fe have been observed in this investigation. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. United States Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1734 EP 1738 DI 10.1116/1.1598972 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 726PL UT WOS:000185608100029 ER PT J AU Johnston, SW Ahrenkiel, RK Tu, CW Hong, YG AF Johnston, SW Ahrenkiel, RK Tu, CW Hong, YG TI Measurement of charge-separation potentials in GaAs1-xNx SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUVSTA 15th International Congress/AVS 48th International Symposium/11th International Conference on Solid Surfaces CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP IUVSTA, AVS ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; RECOMBINATION LIFETIME; GANAS/GAAS STRUCTURES; QUANTUM-WELLS; BAND-GAP; GAAS-N; GAINNAS; BEHAVIOR; EMISSION AB The ternary alloy GaAs1-xNx is interesting as a semiconductor that can be grown epitaxially on GaAs. As is well known, the band gap can be reduced by as much as 0.4 eV by changing the nitrogen concentration from 0% to 3%. We measured the spectral response and photoconductive lifetime of the alloys as a function of temperature. In this work, the films were grown by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy on semi-insulating GaAs substrates. All measurements were made using the contactless, resonant-coupled photoconductive decay method. Our data show that the spectral response of GaAs1-xNx alloys consists of photoconductive band tails that extend well into the infrared (beyond the nominal band gap). For example, the photoconductive band tails extend to about 1900 nm for GaAS(0.967)N(0.033) at room temperature. The primary photoconductive decay times are in the range of 200-300 ns at room temperature. At temperatures below about 200 K, the decay rate decreases substantially. By plotting the decay rate values on an Arrhenius plot, we calculate activation energies of 70-80 meV for GaAs1-xNx samples with x = 1.1%-3.3%. These energies, represent potential barriers that inhibit recombination. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Johnston, SW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1769 DI 10.1116/1.1603281 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 726PL UT WOS:000185608100034 ER PT J AU Cecchi, JL Cecchi, LM AF Cecchi, JL Cecchi, LM TI Plasma science and technology: 50 years of progress SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article AB During the first 50 years of the American Vacuum Society (1953-2003), technology has advanced greatly. But the most impressive and conspicuous advance has been in computational power, due to the exponential increase in computing power at an exponentially decreasing cost per function. Many of our readers will remember the "Macro-Mechanical System" called a slide rule that was symbolic of engineers and scientists in the 1950s and 1960s. From the slide rule of the past to today's desktop and notebook computers, possessing speed, storage, and power capability that dwarf the mainframes of the recent past, what a transformation! (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cecchi, JL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 SU S BP S129 EP S130 DI 10.1116/1.1601612 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 727QZ UT WOS:000185671100019 ER PT J AU Dylla, HF AF Dylla, HF TI Development of ultrahigh and extreme high vacuum technology for physics research SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON POSITRON COLLIDER; FUSION TEST REACTOR; STORAGE-RINGS; GAS DESORPTION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; ADSORPTION-ISOTHERMS; LASER-INTERFEROMETER; TRITIUM RETENTION; IMPURITY CONTROL; STAINLESS-STEEL AB Over the last 50 years increasingly large and more sophisticated devices have been designed and put into operation, for the study of particle and nuclear physics, magnetic confinement of high temperature plasmas for thermonuclear fusion research, and gravity wave observatories based on laser interferometers. The evolution of these devices has generated many developments in ultrahigh and extreme high vacuum technology that were required for these devices to meet their operational goals. The technologies that were developed included unique ultrahigh vacuum vessel structures, ultrahigh vacuum compatible materials, surface conditioning techniques, specialized vacuum pumps, and vacuum diagnostics. Associated with these technological developments are scientific advancements in the understanding of outgassing,limits of UHV-compatible materials and particle-induced desorption effects. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Dylla, HF (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 123 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 SU S BP S25 EP S33 DI 10.1116/1.1599891 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 727QZ UT WOS:000185671100007 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, PJ TI Surface theory moves into the real world SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; AU(111) SURFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INFREQUENT EVENTS; LENGTH SCALES; RU(001); WATER; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DIFFUSION; PT(111) AB Scanning-probe and low-energy electron microscopy offer detailed views of surface morphology and its time-evolution. Experimental tools developed earlier, like low-energy electron diffraction, provide quantitative surface structural parameters. The unrelenting advance of computer-power and key improvements in algorithmic efficiency make it possible to derive full value from these potent surface characterization tools by providing reliable, often predictive interpretation. Bridging length-and time scales are the key surface theory projects in a research environment dominated by nanotechnology. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjfeibe@sandia.gov NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 SU S BP S64 EP S70 DI 10.1116/1.1599860 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 727QZ UT WOS:000185671100012 ER PT J AU Weinberger, LS Schaffer, DV Arkin, AP AF Weinberger, LS Schaffer, DV Arkin, AP TI Theoretical design of a gene therapy to prevent AIDS but not human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; HIV-1 INFECTION; LENTIVIRAL VECTORS; COMBINATION THERAPY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PLASMA VIREMIA; VIRAL DYNAMICS; CLEARANCE RATE; REPLICATION; LYMPHOCYTES AB Recent reports confirm that, due to the presence of long-lived, latently infected cell populations, eradication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from infected patients by using antiretroviral drugs will be exceedingly difficult. An alternative to virus eradication may be to use gene therapy to induce a pseudo-latent state in virus-producing cells, thus transforming HIV-1 into a lifelong, but manageable, virus. Conditionally replicating HIV-1 (crHIV-1) gene therapy vectors provide an avenue for subduing HIV-1 expression in infected cells (by creating a parasite, crHIV-1, of the parasite HIV-1), potentially reducing the HIV-1 set point and delaying AIDS onset. Development of crHIV-1 vectors has proceeded in vitro, but the requirements for a crHIV-1 vector to proliferate and persist in vivo have not been explored. We expand a widely accepted mathematical model of HIV-1 in vivo dynamics to include a crHIV-1 gene therapy virus and derive a simple criterion for designing crHIV-1 viruses that mill persist in vivo. The model introduces only two new parameters-HIV-1 inhibition and crHIV-1 production-and both can be experimentally engineered and controlled. Analysis demonstrates that crHIV-1 gene therapy can indefinitely reduce HIV-1 set point to levels comparable to those achieved with highly active antiretroviral therapy, provided crHIV-1 production is more efficient than HIV-1. Paradoxically, highly efficient therapeutic inhibition of HIV-1 was found to be disadvantageous. Thus, the field may benefit by shifting the search for more potent antiviral genes toward engineering optimized therapy viruses that package ultraefficiently while downregulating viral production moderately. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schaffer, DV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 52 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 77 IS 18 BP 10028 EP 10036 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.18.10028-10036.2003 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 716TX UT WOS:000185046200032 PM 12941913 ER PT J AU Schilling, O AF Schilling, O TI Guest editor's preface: The eighth International Workshop on the Physics of Compressible Turbulent Mixing SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schilling, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schilling1@llnl.gov OI Schilling, Oleg/0000-0002-0623-2940 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 301 EP 303 DI 10.1017/S026303460321301X PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 762FW UT WOS:000187962000001 ER PT J AU Cheng, BL Glimm, J Jin, HS Sharp, D AF Cheng, BL Glimm, J Jin, HS Sharp, D TI Theoretical methods for the determination of mixing SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Compressible Turbulent Mixing (IWPCTM) CY DEC 09-14, 2001 CL CALIFORNIA INST TECH, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA HO CALIFORNIA INST TECH DE mixing; multiphase flow; Rayleigh-Taylor instability ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; 2-PHASE FLOW; DEPENDENCE; MODEL; ACCELERATION; RATES AB Acceleration-driven fluid mixing is studied here from a theoretical point of view. Considerable progress has been achieved in the understanding of mix. Theories of the authors are reviewed that allow prediction of the edge of the mixing zone, in agreement with experimental data. Theories that describe the distribution of masses within the mixing region are also reviewed. The theory we present describes a chunk mix regime, in which two phases are mixed at a chunk level, but for which there is no atomic mixing. Thus the two phases are segregated into disjoint regions of space. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Glimm, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM glimm@ams.sunysb.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1017/S0263034603213227 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 762FW UT WOS:000187962000022 ER PT J AU George, E Glimm, J Li, XL Marchese, A Xu, ZL Grove, JW Sharp, DH AF George, E Glimm, J Li, XL Marchese, A Xu, ZL Grove, JW Sharp, DH TI Numerical methods for the determination of mixing SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Compressible Turbulent Mixing (IWPCTM) CY DEC 09-14, 2001 CL CALIFORNIA INST TECH, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA HO CALIFORNIA INST TECH DE front tracking; numerical diffusion; Rayleigh-Taylor instability; Richtmyer-Meshkov instability ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; ACCELERATION; DEPENDENCE AB We present a Rayleigh-Taylor mixing rate simulation with an acceleration rate falling within the range of experiments. The simulation uses front tracking to prevent interfacial mass diffusion. We present evidence to support the assertion that the lower acceleration rate found in untracked simulations is caused, at least to a large extent, by a reduced buoyancy force due to numerical interfacial mass diffusion. Quantitative evidence includes results from a time-dependent Atwood number analysis of the diffusive simulation, which yields a renormalized mixing rate coefficient for the diffusive simulation in agreement with experiment. We also present the study of Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing in cylindrical geometry using the front tracking method and compare it with the experimental results. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM linli@ams.sunysb.edu RI Xu, Zhiliang/O-1718-2014 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1017/S0263034603213239 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 762FW UT WOS:000187962000023 ER PT J AU Weber, SV Dimonte, G Marinak, MM AF Weber, SV Dimonte, G Marinak, MM TI Arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian code simulations of turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability in two and three dimensions SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Compressible Turbulent Mixing (IWPCTM) CY DEC 09-14, 2001 CL CALIFORNIA INST TECH, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA HO CALIFORNIA INST TECH DE arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian code; Rayleigh-Taylor instability; turbulent ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; IGNITION AB We have performed simulations of the evolution of the turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability with an arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian code. The problem specification was defined by Dimonte et al. (2003) for the "alpha group" code intercomparison project. Perfect gamma = 5/3 gases of densities 1 and 3 g/cm(3) are accelerated by constant gravity. The nominal problem uses a 2562 X 512 mesh with initial random multiwavelength interface perturbations. We have also run three-dimensional problems with smaller meshes and two-dimensional (2D) problems of several mesh sizes. Under-resolution lowered linear growth rates of the seed modes to 5-60% of the analytic values, depending on wavelength and orientation to the mesh. However, the mix extent in the 2D simulations changed little with grid refinement. Simulations without interface reconstruction gave penetration only slightly reduced from the case with interface reconstruction. Energy dissipation differs little between the two cases. The slope of the penetration distance versus time squared, corresponding to the a parameter in h = alphaAgt(2) decreases with increasing time in these simulations. The slope, a, is consistent with the linear electric motor data of Dimonte and Schneider (2000), but the growth is delayed in time. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Weber, SV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM weber8@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1017/S0263034603213264 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 762FW UT WOS:000187962000026 ER PT J AU Kurtz, S Moon, S AF Kurtz, S Moon, S TI Solar electricity: Pie in the sky gets a piece of the action SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD SEP PY 2003 VL 39 IS 9 BP 59 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 723KN UT WOS:000185431700024 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RS Balazs, B Cohenour, R Prevedel, E AF Maxwell, RS Balazs, B Cohenour, R Prevedel, E TI Aging of silica-filled PDMS/PDPS copolymers in desiccating environments: A DSC and NMR study SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modification, Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers CY 2002 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE desiccation; DSC; filler; NMR; siloxane AB The involvement of water in the reinforcing mechanism in silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based composite systems, potentially leaves the polymer composite susceptible to mechanical property changes when exposed to desiccating environments. We have studied the effects of thermal and chemical desiccation on a silica filled PDMS/PDPS copolymer system by DSC and NMR analysis. Our results show that as the polymer was desiccated, segmental dynamics in the polymer network were reduced significantly and changes in melt heats of fusion and stress relaxation were observed. NMR H-1 relaxation measurements have measured a change in H-1 T-2e of 30% after storage in desiccating environments longer than I year. The experimental data presented argue that the reduced mobility of the PDMS chains in the interfacial domain after desiccation reduced the overall, bulk, motional properties of the polymer, thus causing an effective "stiffening" of the polymer matrix. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Honeywell, FM&T, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Maxwell, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 202 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1002/masy.200351225 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 742JL UT WOS:000186513600026 ER PT J AU Frechet, JMJ AF Frechet, JMJ TI Dendritic macromolecules at the interface of nanoscience and nanotechnology SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUPAC Polymer Conference on Mission and Challenges of Polymer Science and Technology (IUPAC PC2002) CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN DE catalysis; dendrimers; light-harvesting; nanotechnology; therapeutics ID DRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATIONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; UNIMOLECULAR MICELLES; LABELED DENDRIMERS; POLYMERS; AGENTS; ENCAPSULATION; THERAPEUTICS; TRANSDUCTION; ARCHITECTURE AB As a result of their unique architecture and structural as well as functional versatility, dendrimers have generated considerable interest in numerous areas of the physical sciences, engineering, as well as the biological sciences. Both their size - in the 1-10 nm range - and their globular shape resemble those of many proteins suggesting a host of biomimetic and nanotechnological applications. This brief highlight describes some of our recent work with nascent applications of dendrimers as unimolecular nanoreactors, as nanoscale antennae for energy harvesting and transduction, and as nanosized carriers for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. While implementation of some of these applications may still be distant, the impatient critic might remember that new markets are not created overnight as demonstrated by the slow commercial acceptance of many promising molecules and technologies with development frequently extending decades after their initial discovery. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 201 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1002/masy.200351102 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 742JJ UT WOS:000186513400003 ER PT J AU Quirk, JD Bretthorst, GL Duong, TQ Snyder, AZ Springer, CS Ackerman, JJH Neil, JJ AF Quirk, JD Bretthorst, GL Duong, TQ Snyder, AZ Springer, CS Ackerman, JJH Neil, JJ TI Equilibrium water exchange between the intra- and extracellular spaces of mammalian brain SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE water exchange; brain; magnetic resonance; membrane permeability; cell water content ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RAT-BRAIN; APPARENT DIFFUSION; RELAXATION-TIMES; CELL-MEMBRANES; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; CHEMICAL EXCHANGE; IN-VIVO; NMR; PERMEABILITY AB This report describes the measurement of water preexchange lifetimes and intra/extracellular content in intact, functioning mammalian brain. Intra- and extracellular water magnetic resonance (MR) signals from rat brain in vivo were quantitatively resolved in the longitudinal relaxation domain following a ministration of an MR relaxation agent into the extracellular space. The estimated intracellular water content fraction was 81% +/- 8%, and the intra- to extracellular exchange rate constant was 1.81 +/- 0.89 s(-1) (mean +/- SD, N = 9), corresponding to an intracellular water preexchange lifetime of similar to550 ms. These results provide a temporal framework for anticipating the water exchange regime (fast, intermediate, or slow) underlying a variety of compartment-sensitive measurements. The method also supplies a means by which to evaluate membrane water permeability and intra/extracellular water content serially in intact tissue. The data are obtained in an imaging mode that permits detection of regional variations in these parameters. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Biomed MR Lab, Dept Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Neurol, Div Pediat Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Neil, JJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Biomed MR Lab, Dept Radiol, Campus Box 8227,4525 Scott Ave,Room 2313, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RI Duong, Timothy/B-8525-2008; OI Springer, Charles/0000-0002-5966-2135 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA83060]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM32125]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS35912, NS40801] NR 36 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1002/mrm.10565 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 718YP UT WOS:000185174500007 PM 12939756 ER PT J AU Sugama, T Gawlik, K AF Sugama, T Gawlik, K TI Self-repairing poly(phenylenesulfide) coatings in hydrothermal environments at 200 degrees C SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE poly(phenylenesulfide); hydrothermal environments; calcium alumina fillers ID CALCIUM SILICATES AB Usefulness of hydraulic calcium aluminate (CA) fillers, containing monocalcium aluminate (CaO.Al2O3) and calcium bialuminate (CaO.2Al(2)O(3)) reactants as the major phases, in healing and repairing micro-sized cracks generated on the surfaces of poly(phenylenesulfide) (PPS) coating was evaluated by exposing the cleaved coatings to a simulated geothermal environment. CA fillers with a grain size of <40 mum were incorporated into the PPS coatings. The cleaved PPS coatings containing fillers then were exposed for up to 20 days in a 200 degreesC CO2-laden brine. The decalcification-hydration reactions of the, CaO.Al2O3 and CaO.2Al(2)O(3) reactants disclosed in the cracks led to the rapid growth of boehmite crystals, while the crystalline calcite phase formed by the carbonation of these reactants was leached out of cracks because of the formation of water-soluble calcium in bicarbonate. During exposure for 24 h, the block-like boehmite crystals, 4 similar tomum in size, densely filled and sealed the open cracks; this was reflected in an increase in pore resistance to two orders of its magnitude compared with that of cleaved coatings without fillers. Extending the exposure time to 20 days resulted in no change in pore resistance, suggesting that the sealing of the cracks by boehmite crystals played an essential role in reconstituting and restoring the function of the failed coatings as corrosion-preventing barrier. Therefore, CA-filled PPS coatings are able to self-heal and -repair cracks generated on the surfaces of coating films in hydrothermal environments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Resources Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Resources Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Bldg 526,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 57 IS 26-27 BP 4282 EP 4290 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00304-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 713UD UT WOS:000184875800031 ER PT J AU Jeong, SY Wagh, AS AF Jeong, SY Wagh, AS TI Cementing the gap between ceramics, cements, and polymers SO MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PHOSPHATE CERAMICS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jeong, SY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Wagh, Arun/0000-0002-8678-7574 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATRICE TECHNOLOGY LIMITED PI POULTON PA PO BOX 41, POULTON FY6 8GD, ENGLAND SN 1066-7857 J9 MATER TECHNOL JI Mater. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 3 BP 162 EP 168 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 721WY UT WOS:000185342500008 ER PT J AU Nickell, RE Romero, C AF Nickell, RE Romero, C TI Containing explosions SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Appl Sci & Technol, Poway, CA 92064 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Nickell, RE (reprint author), Appl Sci & Technol, Poway, CA 92064 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 125 IS 9 BP 62 EP 64 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 718YU UT WOS:000185175100032 ER PT J AU Balch, DK Ustundag, E Dunand, DC AF Balch, DK Ustundag, E Dunand, DC TI Elasto-plastic load transfer in bulk metallic glass composites containing ductile particles SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; TUNGSTEN; STRAINS AB In-situ diffraction experiments were performed with high-energy synchrotron X-rays to measure strains In. crystalline reinforcing particles (5 and 10 vol. pct W or 5 vol. pet Ta) of bulk metallic glass composites. As the composites were subjected to multiple uniaxial tensile load/unload cycles up to applied stresses of 1650 MPa, load transfer from the matrix to the stiffer particles was observed. At low applied loads,.where the particles are elastic, agreement with Eshelby elastic predictions for stress partitioning between matrix and particles is found, indicating good bonding between the phases. At high applied, loads, departure from the elastic stress partitioning is observed when the particles reach the von Mises yield criterion, as expected when plasticity occurs in the particles. Multiple mechanical excursions in the particle plastic region lead to strain hardening in the particles, as well as evolution in the residual strain state of the unloaded composite. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Balch, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 18 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 34A IS 9 BP 1787 EP 1797 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0145-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 719HL UT WOS:000185197500005 ER PT J AU Xie, G Keyhani, NO Bonner, CA Jensen, RA AF Xie, G Keyhani, NO Bonner, CA Jensen, RA TI Ancient origin of the tryptophan operon and the dynamics of evolutionary change SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; FEEDBACK INHIBITION; GENE-TRANSFER; TRP OPERON; 7-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASES; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; METABOLIC INTERLOCK; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER AB The seven conserved enzymatic domains required for tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis are encoded in seven genetic regions that are organized differently (whole-pathway operons, multiple partial-pathway operons, and dispersed genes,) in prokaryotes. A comparative bioinformatics evaluation of the conservation and organization of the genes of Trp biosynthesis in prokaryotic operons should serve as an excellent model for assessing the feasibility of predicting the evolutionary histories of genes and operons associated with other biochemical pathways. These comparisons should provide a better understanding of possible explanations for differences in operon organization in different organisms at a genomics level. These analyses may also permit identification of some of the prevailing forces that dictated specific gene rearrangements during the course of evolution. Operons concerned with Trp biosynthesis in prokarvotes have been in a dynamic state of flux. Analysis of closely related organisms among the Bacteria at various phylogenetic nodes reveals many examples of operon scission, gene dispersal, gene fusion, gene scrambling, and gene loss from which the direction of evolutionary events can be deduced. Two milestone evolutionary events have been mapped to the 16S rRNA tree of Bacteria, one splitting the operon in two, and the other rejoining it by gene fusion. The Archaea, though less resolved due to a lesser genome representation, appear to exhibit more gene scrambling than the Bacteria. The trp operon appears to have been an ancient innovation; it was already present in the common ancestor of Bacteria and Archaea. Although the operon has been subjected, even in recent times, to dynamic changes in gene rearrangement, the ancestral gene order can be deduced with confidence. The evolutionary history of the genes of the pathway is discernible in rough outline as a vertical line of descent, with events of lateral gene transfer or paralogy enriching the analysis as interesting features that can be distinguished. As additional genomes are thoroughly analyzed, an increasingly refined resolution of the sequential evolutionary steps is clearly possible. These comparisons suggest that present-day trp operons that possess finely tuned regulatory features are under strong positive selection and are able to resist the disruptive evolutionary events that may be experienced by simpler, poorly regulated operons. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Keyhani, NO (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Keyhani, Nemat/I-8150-2013 FU PHS HHS [Y1-A1-8228-05] NR 98 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1092-2172 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 303 EP + DI 10.1128/MMBR.67.3.303-342.2003 PG 41 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 721WV UT WOS:000185342200001 PM 12966138 ER PT J AU Makarova, OV Tang, CM Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Divan, R Ryding, DG Lee, RH AF Makarova, OV Tang, CM Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Divan, R Ryding, DG Lee, RH TI Development of a freestanding copper antiscatter grid using deep X-ray lithography SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Micro Structure Technology (HARMST 01) CY JUN 17-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY ID FABRICATION; MASKS AB A prototype freestanding copper antiscatter grid with parallel lamellar walls has been fabricated using deep X-ray lithography and electroforming. The freestanding copper grid has square shaped lamellar walls that are 25 mum thick and 1 mm tall with a 550 mum period. For mammography applications, the lamellar walls have to be aligned to a point X-ray source of the X-ray system. To achieve this goal, we investigated a dynamic double-exposure technique. Our progress in using stacked exposures and use of the photoresist SU-8, both to reduce fabrication cost, is also presented. C1 Creatv MicroTech Inc, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tang, CM (reprint author), Creatv MicroTech Inc, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. RI Kochetova, Olga/A-2035-2014 OI Kochetova, Olga/0000-0002-2944-4428 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6-7 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s00542-002-0256-9 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 734DB UT WOS:000186039000004 ER PT J AU Casey, DM Inaba, K Pazour, GJ Takada, S Wakabayashi, KI Wilkerson, CG Kamiya, R Witman, GB AF Casey, DM Inaba, K Pazour, GJ Takada, S Wakabayashi, KI Wilkerson, CG Kamiya, R Witman, GB TI DC3, the 21-kDa subunit of the outer dynein arm-docking complex (ODA-DC), is a novel EF-hand protein important for assembly of both the outer arm and the ODA-DC SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; INTERMEDIATE CHAIN; FLAGELLAR MUTANTS; PEPTIDE COMPLEX; NEURAL-NETWORKS; GENE-EXPRESSION; GAMMA-SUBUNIT; SWISS-MODEL; CALMODULIN; TRANSFORMATION AB The outer dynein arm-docking complex (ODA-DC) is a microtubule-associated structure that targets the outer dynein arm to its binding site on the flagellar axoneme (Takada et al. 2002. Mol. Biol. Cell 13, 1015-1029). The ODA-DC of Chlamydomonas contains three proteins, referred to as DC1, DC2, and DC3. We here report the isolation and sequencing of genomic and full-length cDNA clones encoding DC3. The sequence predicts a 21,341 Da protein with four EF-hands that is a member of the CTER (calmodulin, troponin C, essential and regulatory myosin light chains) group and is most closely related to a predicted protein from Plasmodium. The DC3 gene, termed ODA14, is intronless. Chlamydomonas mutants that lack DC3 exhibit slow, jerky swimming because of loss of some but not all outer dynein arms. Some outer doublet microtubules without arms had a "partial" docking complex, indicating that DC1 and DC2 can assemble in the absence of DC3. In contrast, DC3 cannot assemble in the absence of DC1 or DC2. Transformation of a DC3-deletion strain with the wild-type DC3 gene rescued both the motility phenotype and the structural defect, whereas a mutated DC3 gene was incompetent to rescue. The results indicate that DC3 is important for both outer arm and ODA-DC assembly. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Mol Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Biochem, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Witman, GB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. RI Wakabayashi, Ken-ichi/D-2440-2015; OI Wakabayashi, Ken-ichi/0000-0002-1025-9249; Pazour, Gregory/0000-0002-6285-8796 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32520, P30 DK032520]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30626, R01 GM030626, R37 GM030626] NR 58 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3650 EP 3663 DI 10.1091/mbc.E03-01-0057 PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 724RY UT WOS:000185501600014 PM 12972554 ER PT J AU Karick, AM Drinkwater, MJ Gregg, MD AF Karick, AM Drinkwater, MJ Gregg, MD TI The surface brightness and colour-magnitude relations for Fornax cluster galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : observational; galaxies : clusters : individual : Fornax; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : photometry ID DWARF ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; VIRGO CLUSTER; PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; CENTRAL REGION; POPULATION; CATALOG; REDSHIFT AB We present BVI photometry of 190 galaxies in the central 4 x 3 deg(2) region of the Fornax cluster observed with the Michigan Curtis Schmidt Telescope. Results from the Fornax Cluster Spectroscopic Survey (FCSS) and the Flair-II Fornax Surveys have been used to confirm the membership status of galaxies in the Fornax Cluster Catalogue (FCC). In our catalogue of 213 member galaxies, 92 (43 per cent) have confirmed radial velocities. In this paper, we investigate the surface brightness-magnitude relation for Fornax cluster galaxies. Particular attention is given to the sample of cluster dwarfs and the newly discovered ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) from the FCSS. We examine the reliability of the surface brightness-magnitude relation as a method for determining cluster membership and find that at surface brightnesses fainter than 22 mag arcsec(-2), it fails in its ability to distinguish between cluster members and barely resolved background galaxies. Cluster members exhibit a strong surface brightness-magnitude relation. Both elliptical (E) galaxies and dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies increase in surface brightness as luminosity decreases. The UCDs lie off the locus of the relation. B-V and V-I colours are determined for a sample of 113 cluster galaxies and the colour-magnitude relation is explored for each morphological type. The UCDs lie off the locus of the colour-magnitude relation. Their mean V - I colours (similar to1.09) are similar to those of globular clusters associated with NGC 1399. The location of the UCDs on both surface brightness and colour-magnitude plots supports the 'galaxy threshing' model for infalling nucleated dwarf elliptical (dE, N) galaxies. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, St Lucia, Qld 4027, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Karick, AM (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RI Drinkwater, Michael/A-2201-2008 OI Drinkwater, Michael/0000-0003-4867-0022 NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 344 IS 1 BP 188 EP 200 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06813.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 717KZ UT WOS:000185088800023 ER PT J AU Hodges, KI Hoskins, BJ Boyle, J Thorncroft, C AF Hodges, KI Hoskins, BJ Boyle, J Thorncroft, C TI A comparison of recent reanalysis datasets using objective feature tracking: Storm tracks and tropical easterly waves SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CYCLONE ACTIVITY; SOLAR-RADIATION; SOIL HYDROLOGY; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PACIFIC; PARAMETRIZATION; APPROXIMATION; DISTURBANCES; VARIABILITY AB Data from four recent reanalysis projects [ECMWF, NCEP-NCAR, NCEP - Department of Energy ( DOE), NASA] have been diagnosed at the scale of synoptic weather systems using an objective feature tracking method. The tracking statistics indicate that, overall, the reanalyses correspond very well in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) lower troposphere, although differences for the spatial distribution of mean intensities show that the ECMWF reanalysis is systematically stronger in the main storm track regions but weaker around major orographic features. A direct comparison of the track ensembles indicates a number of systems with a broad range of intensities that compare well among the reanalyses. In addition, a number of small-scale weak systems are found that have no correspondence among the reanalyses or that only correspond upon relaxing the matching criteria, indicating possible differences in location and/or temporal coherence. These are distributed throughout the storm tracks, particularly in the regions known for small-scale activity, such as secondary development regions and the Mediterranean. For the Southern Hemisphere (SH), agreement is found to be generally less consistent in the lower troposphere with significant differences in both track density and mean intensity. The systems that correspond between the various reanalyses are considerably reduced and those that do not match span a broad range of storm intensities. Relaxing the matching criteria indicates that there is a larger degree of uncertainty in both the location of systems and their intensities compared with the NH. At upper-tropospheric levels, significant differences in the level of activity occur between the ECMWF reanalysis and the other reanalyses in both the NH and SH winters. This occurs due to a lack of coherence in the apparent propagation of the systems in ERA15 and appears most acute above 500 hPa. This is probably due to the use of optimal interpolation data assimilation in ERA15. Also shown are results based on using the same techniques to diagnose the tropical easterly wave activity. Results indicate that the wave activity is sensitive not only to the resolution and assimilation methods used but also to the model formulation. C1 Univ Reading, ESSC, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Hodges, KI (reprint author), Univ Reading, ESSC, Harry Pit Bldg,POB 238, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. EM kih@mail.nerc-essc.ac.uk NR 44 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 131 IS 9 BP 2012 EP 2037 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2012:ACORRD>2.0.CO;2 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 715BY UT WOS:000184951700004 ER PT J AU Califano, M Bester, G Zunger, A AF Califano, M Bester, G Zunger, A TI Prediction of a shape-induced enhancement in the hole relaxation in nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHONON BOTTLENECK; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; INTRABAND RELAXATION; SCATTERING; EXCITON; STATES; INP AB We present a pseudopotential calculation of the single particle and excitonic spectrum of CdSe nanocrystals. We find that in the excitonic manifold derived from the ground state electron and the first 60 hole states there are two energy gaps much larger than the typical LO phonon energy in bulk CdSe. Such gaps can effectively slow the hole relaxation process, as recently found experimentally. We show that they originate from two gaps in the hole spectrum and are therefore a single-particle effect, as opposed to an excitonic effect. The calculated width of the gaps increases with decreasing dot size, in agreement with the experimental trend of the energy loss rate that decreases with dot size. We find that the presence of the gaps is not limited to CdSe nanocrystals with the wurtzite crystal structure but is also found in spherical InAs zinc blende dots. Comparison with our results for quantum rods and cylinders of different aspect ratios, and with a single-band effective mass model, shows the origin of the gaps to be interband coupling in spherical NCs. The gaps disappear above an aspect ratio of about 3-4, thus predicting a fast hole relaxation for elongated nanostructures. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Califano, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1197 EP 1202 DI 10.1021/nl0343304 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 721RQ UT WOS:000185330700005 ER PT J AU Kim, J Grate, JW AF Kim, J Grate, JW TI Single-enzyme nanoparticles armored by a nanometer-scale organic/inorganic network SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BIOCATALYSIS; STABILITY AB We have developed armored single-enzyme nanoparticles (SENs) that surround each enzyme molecule with a porous composite organic/inorganic network of less than a few nanometers; thick. This approach has significantly stabilized two proteases (alpha-chymotrypsin, CT, and trypsin, TR), and the armor network around CT is sufficiently thin and porous that it does not place a large mass-transfer limitation on the substrate. These new hybrid enzyme nanostructures offer great potential as a method to stabilize enzymes for various applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 164 Z9 172 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1219 EP 1222 DI 10.1021/nl034404b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 721RQ UT WOS:000185330700009 ER PT J AU Tao, A Kim, F Hess, C Goldberger, J He, RR Sun, YG Xia, YN Yang, PD AF Tao, A Kim, F Hess, C Goldberger, J He, RR Sun, YG Xia, YN Yang, PD TI Langmuir-Blodgett silver nanowire monolayers for molecular sensing using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; NETWORKS; FILMS; SIZE AB Langmuir-Blodgett technique was used to assemble monolayers (with areas over 20 cm(2)) of aligned silver nanowires that are similar to50 nm in diameter and 2-3 mum in length. These nanowires possess pentagonal cross-sections and pyramidal tips. They are close-packed and are aligned parallel to each other. The resulting nanowire monolayers serve as excellent substrates for surf ace-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with large electromagnetic field enhancement factors (2 x 105 for thiol and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2 x 109 for Rhodamine 6G) and can readily be used in ultrasensitive, molecule-specific sensing utilizing vibrational signatures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Goldberger, Joshua/F-5484-2011; Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011; Goldberger, Joshua/N-8963-2016; OI Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977; Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Kim, Franklin/0000-0002-6548-6588 NR 25 TC 912 Z9 919 U1 47 U2 505 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1229 EP 1233 DI 10.1021/nl0344209 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 721RQ UT WOS:000185330700011 ER PT J AU Pan, ZW Dai, S Beach, DB Lowndes, DH AF Pan, ZW Dai, S Beach, DB Lowndes, DH TI Temperature dependence of morphologies of aligned silicon oxide nanowire assemblies catalyzed by molten gallium SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION PROPERTIES; THERMAL EVAPORATION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; GROWTH; NANOSTRUCTURES; LONG; NANORODS; ARRAYS AB Silicon oxide nanowire assemblies with fishbonelike, gourdlike, spindlelike, badmintonlike, and octopuslike morphologies were synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition of silane at 1150 degreesC with molten gallium as the catalyst via a vapor-liquid-solid process. The morphologies of the nanowire assemblies were temperature-dependent so that within a specific temperature range nanowire assemblies with a specific morphology were formed. Although the nanowire assemblies formed in different temperature ranges have different morphologies, they all are composed of a spherical liquid-gallium ball (3 to 5 mum in diameter) and a silicon oxide nanowire bunch that grows out from the lower-hemisphere surface of the gallium ball. Branching-growth and batch-growth phenomena were observed in the samples and were believed to be responsible for the formation of the unique morphologies described here. The growth mechanism of the nanowire assemblies is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Pan, Zhengwei/0000-0002-3854-958X NR 31 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1279 EP 1284 DI 10.1021/nl0343203 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 721RQ UT WOS:000185330700021 ER PT J AU Melechko, AV McKnight, TE Hensley, DK Guillorn, MA Borisevich, AY Merkulov, VI Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML AF Melechko, AV McKnight, TE Hensley, DK Guillorn, MA Borisevich, AY Merkulov, VI Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML TI Large-scale synthesis of arrays of high-aspect-ratio rigid vertically aligned carbon nanofibres SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CATALYTIC GROWTH; NANOTUBE GROWTH; PLASMA; NANOSTRUCTURES; GLASS AB We report on techniques for catalytic synthesis of rigid, high-aspect-ratio, vertically aligned carbon nanofibres by dc plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition that are tailored for applications that require arrays of individual fibres that feature long fibre lengths (up to 20 m) such as scanning probe microscopy, penetrant cell and tissue probing arrays and mechanical insertion approaches for gene delivery to cell cultures. We demonstrate that the definition of catalyst nanoparticles is the critical step that enables growth of individual, long-length fibres and discuss methods for catalyst particle preparation that allow the growth of individual isolated nanofibres from catalyst dots with diameters as large as 500 nm. This development enables photolithographic definition of catalyst and therefore the inexpensive, large-scale production of such arrays. C1 Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Melechko, AV (reprint author), Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1029 EP 1035 AR PII S0957-4484(03)61002-0 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/14/9/318 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 730QN UT WOS:000185841600020 ER PT J AU Park, C Crooks, RE Siochi, EJ Harrison, JS Evans, N Kenik, E AF Park, C Crooks, RE Siochi, EJ Harrison, JS Evans, N Kenik, E TI Adhesion study of polyimide to single-wall carbon nanotube bundles by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB High-re solution electron microscopy and energy-filtered imaging methods were used to examine single-wall carbon nanotubes and nanotube reinforced polyimide composites. The nanotubes were studied alone, in a polyimide matrix composite, and after deposition of composite material previously dissolved in a solvent. Energy-filtered images based on nitrogen core loss excitations were used to discern the presence of polyimide. Elemental maps of nanotubes extracted from the composite revealed good wetting of the nanotube surfaces by the polyimide. C1 Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, 144 Res Dr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP L11 EP L14 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/14/9/101 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 730QN UT WOS:000185841600002 ER PT J AU Gschneidner, K Russell, A Pecharsky, A Morris, J Zhang, ZH Lograsso, T Hsu, D Lo, CHC Ye, YY Slager, A Kesse, D AF Gschneidner, K Russell, A Pecharsky, A Morris, J Zhang, ZH Lograsso, T Hsu, D Lo, CHC Ye, YY Slager, A Kesse, D TI A family of ductile intermetallic compounds SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; BOUNDARIES; CHARACTER; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; CRACK C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Wuhan Univ, Ctr Anal & Testing, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Bell Helicopter Textron, Ft Worth, TX 76006 USA. RP Gschneidner, K (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012; OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047; Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 26 TC 179 Z9 183 U1 9 U2 68 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 2 IS 9 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1038/nmat958 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 717FP UT WOS:000185076300015 PM 12942069 ER PT J AU Lee, S Eisenberg, D AF Lee, S Eisenberg, D TI Seeded conversion of recombinant prion protein to a disulfide-bonded oligomer by a reduction-oxidation process SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCRAPIE PRION; NMR STRUCTURE; PURIFICATION; DISEASES AB The infectious form of prion protein, PrPSc, self-propagates by its conversion of the normal, cellular prion protein molecule PrPC to another PrPSc molecule. It has not yet been demonstrated that recombinant prion protein can convert prion protein molecules from PrPC to PrPSc. Here we show that recombinant hamster prion protein is converted to a second form, PrPRDX, by a redox process in vitro and that this PrPRDX form seeds the conversion of other PrPC molecules to the PrPRDX form. The converted form shows properties of oligomerization and seeded conversion that are characteristic of PrPSc. We also find that the oligomerization can be reversed in vitro. X-ray fiber diffraction suggests an amyloid-like structure for the oligomerized prion protein. A domain-swapping model involving intermolecular disulfide bonds can account for the stability and coexistence of two molecular forms of prion protein and the capacity of the second form for self-propagation. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Inst Mol Biol, US DOE,Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Inst Mol Biol, US DOE,Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 27 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 9 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1038/nsb961 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 715KK UT WOS:000184970700014 PM 12897768 ER PT J AU Renick, D Hanson, C AF Renick, D Hanson, C TI A systems approach to the propeller redesign for the US Navy SEAL swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper details work undertaken at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to improve the overall performance of the Navy SEAL swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV Mk VIII Mod 1) through the design of a wake adapted propeller to replace the existing stock propeller. First, an analysis was conducted of the currently installed propeller using a lifting surface vortex lattice propeller code developed at MIT by Kerwin. This gave the performance required for a new propeller. To start the design process, a lifting line propeller design code developed at MIT by Kerwin was used to find the potential efficiency gains possible with a wake-adapted propeller with minimal hub drag. Then, a circuit model of the propulsion electric motor was derived and coupled with the lifting line program to match the operating point between the redesigned propeller and the motor. The result of this coupled analysis was a numerical prediction for the reduction in battery amperage draw. A prototype propeller was manufactured and tested, resulting in an 8.9% reduction in battery current discharge. C1 USN, Groton, CT USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 115 IS 4 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2003.tb00240.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 757VX UT WOS:000187583100001 ER PT J AU Eberling, JL Wu, C Haan, MN Mungas, D Buonocore, M Jagust, WJ AF Eberling, JL Wu, C Haan, MN Mungas, D Buonocore, M Jagust, WJ TI Preliminary evidence that estrogen protects against age-related hippocampal atrophy SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE estrogen; hippocampus; MRI; neuroprotection 1 ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; EARLY ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; E EPSILON-4 ALLELE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OLDER WOMEN; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; TEMPORAL-LOBE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE AB Few studies have examined gender differences in hippocampal volumes, and the potential effect of estrogen on these measures has not been well studied. We used MRI to measure hippocampal volumes in elderly Mexican American men and women subjects in order to determine if there were gender differences and if estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) had an effect on hippocampal volume in postmenopausal women. MRI measures of hippocampal volumes (normalized to intracranial volume) were compared in 59 women and 38 men. Further comparisons were made between men subjects, women subjects taking ERT, and women subjects not taking ERT. There were no significant effects of gender on normalized hippocampal volumes. However, women subjects taking ERT had larger right hippocampal volumes than women subjects not taking ERT and larger anterior hippocampal volumes than men subjects and women subjects not taking ERT. These findings suggest a neuroprotective effect of estrogen. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Radiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Eberling, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Mungas, Dan/E-6810-2011 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10129, AG12975, R03 AG033751]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060753] NR 63 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD SEP PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 725 EP 732 AR PII S0197-4580(02)00056-8 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00056-8 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 709PA UT WOS:000184632500011 PM 12885580 ER PT J AU Whiteson, DO Naumann, NA AF Whiteson, DO Naumann, NA TI Support vector regression as a signal discriminator in high energy physics SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE high energy physics; multivariate analysis; data preparation ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; SEARCH; RECOGNITION; SYMMETRIES; MODEL AB Multivariate analysis methods have swiftly become vital in high energy physics. The data produced by an experiment at a particle collider are so voluminous and the signals hidden within them are so rare and subtle that their analysis demands sophisticated multivariate algorithms. We present examples of the application of support vector regression to the search for a theoretically predicted particle and to the classification of heavy quark jets, and provide comparisons to the performance of an artificial neural network. We describe a technique for using Gaussian kernels with distinct widths in each dimension. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Katholieke Univ Nijmegen, EHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Whiteson, DO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD SEP PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0925-2312(03)00366-7 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 739PF UT WOS:000186355100013 ER PT J AU Gardner, D Toga, AW Ascoli, GA Beatty, JT Brinkley, JF Dale, AM Fox, PT Gardner, EP George, JS Goddard, N Harris, KM Herskovits, EH Hines, ML Jacobs, GA Jacobs, RE Jones, EG Kennedy, DN Kimberg, DY Mazziotta, JC Miller, PL Mori, S Mountain, DC Reiss, AL Rosen, GD Rottenberg, DA Shepherd, GM Smalheiser, NR Smith, KP Strachan, T Van Essen, DC Williams, RW Wong, STC AF Gardner, D Toga, AW Ascoli, GA Beatty, JT Brinkley, JF Dale, AM Fox, PT Gardner, EP George, JS Goddard, N Harris, KM Herskovits, EH Hines, ML Jacobs, GA Jacobs, RE Jones, EG Kennedy, DN Kimberg, DY Mazziotta, JC Miller, PL Mori, S Mountain, DC Reiss, AL Rosen, GD Rottenberg, DA Shepherd, GM Smalheiser, NR Smith, KP Strachan, T Van Essen, DC Williams, RW Wong, STC TI Towards effective and rewarding data sharing SO NEUROINFORMATICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Lab Neuroinformat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Lab Neuroimaging, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. George Mason Univ, Krasnow Inst Adv Study, Computat Neuroanat Grp, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol Struct, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. MIT, NMR Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Res Imaging Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, New York, NY 10016 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Div Informat, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Midlothian, Scotland. Med Coll Georgia, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Neurosci & Cell Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Brain Mapping Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Med Informat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Minnesota, VA Med Ctr 127, Dept Neurol & Radiol, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Inst Human Genet, Int Ctr Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, Tyne & Wear, England. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Ctr Genomics & Bioinformat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94131 USA. RP Gardner, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Lab Neuroinformat, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Kimberg, Daniel/D-1164-2009; Dale, Anders/A-5180-2010; Fox, Peter/B-4725-2010; OI Fox, Peter/0000-0002-0465-2028; Rosen, Glenn/0000-0001-8281-5446; Williams, Robert/0000-0001-8924-4447 NR 4 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1539-2791 J9 NEUROINFORMATICS JI Neuroinformatics PD FAL PY 2003 VL 1 IS 3 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1385/NI:1:3:289 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 735CN UT WOS:000186095000007 PM 15046250 ER PT J AU Budinger, TF AF Budinger, TF TI Progenitor endothelial cell involvement in Alzheimer's disease SO NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; etiology; endothelial cells; progenitor cells; inflammation; imaging ID CULTURED SKIN FIBROBLASTS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; STEM-CELLS; BRAIN; BLOOD; ANGIOGENESIS; ACTIVATION; MICROGLIA; STRATEGY; TISSUES AB There is compelling evidence that endothelial cells of the brain and periphery are dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease. There is evidence for a fundamental defect in, or abnormal aging of, endothelial progenitor cells in atherosclerosis. The possibility that endothelial cell defects are a primary cause for Alzheimer's disease or other dementias can be researched by molecular and cell biology studies as well as cell trafficking studies using recently demonstrated molecular imaging methods. The evidence for abnormal endothelial function and the methods to explore this hypothesis are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Budinger, TF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREFRONT PUBL GROUP PI WILTON PA C/O MARY J RAWLINS, 5 RIVER RD, STE 113, WILTON, CT 06897 USA SN 0161-6412 J9 NEUROL RES JI Neurol. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 25 IS 6 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1179/016164103101202066 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 728VR UT WOS:000185737500009 PM 14503016 ER PT J AU Reuland, M Rottgering, H van Breugel, W AF Reuland, M Rottgering, H van Breugel, W TI SCUBA observations of high redshift radio galaxies SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High-Redshift Radio Galaxies - Past Present and future CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS DE galaxies : formation; radio continuum : galaxies; submillimeter ID HYPERLUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; SUBMILLIMETER; EMISSION; DUST AB High redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) are key targets for studies of the formation and evolution of massive galaxies. The role of dust in these processes is uncertain. We have therefore observed the dust continuum emission from a sample of z > 3 radio galaxies with the SCUBA bolometer array. We confirm and strengthen the result found by Archibald et al. [MNRAS 323 (2001) 417], that HzRGs are massive starforming systems and that submillimeter detection rate appears to be primarily a strong function of redshift. We also observed HzRG candidates that have so far eluded spectroscopic redshift determination. Four of these have been detected, and provide evidence that they may be extremely obscured radio galaxies, possibly in an early stage of their evolution. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IGPP, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Reuland, M (reprint author), IGPP, LLNL, L-413,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4-5 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S1387-6473(03)00043-5 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 734YF UT WOS:000186085000025 ER PT J AU Croft, S Rawlings, S Hill, GJ AF Croft, S Rawlings, S Hill, GJ TI High-redshift clusters from NVSS: the TexOx Cluster (TOC) Survey SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High-Redshift Radio Galaxies - Past Present and future CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS DE galaxies : clusters : individual (TOC J0233.3+3021); galaxies : active; radio continuum : galaxies; surveys ID RADIO-SOURCES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; GALAXY CLUSTER; SKY SURVEY; 1.4 GHZ; ENVIRONMENTS; CONSTRAINTS; COUNTS; DEEP AB The TexOx Cluster (TOC) Survey uses overdensities of radio sources in the NVSS to trace clusters of galaxies. The links between radio sources and rich environments make this a powerful way to find clusters which may potentially be overlooked by other selection techniques. By including constraints from optical surveys, TOC is an extremely efficient way to find clusters at high redshift. One such field, TOC J0233.3 + 3021, contains at least one galaxy cluster (at z similar to 1.4) and has been detected using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. Even in targeted deep optical observations, however, distinguishing the cluster galaxies from the background is difficult, especially given the tendency of TOC to select fields containing multiple structures at different redshifts. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. IGPP, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Croft, S (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM croft4@llnl.gov OI Croft, Steve/0000-0003-4823-129X NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 EI 1872-9630 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4-5 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S1387-6473(03)00052-6 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 734YF UT WOS:000186085000031 ER PT J AU Rickard, WH Tiller, B AF Rickard, WH Tiller, B TI Observations on the nesting distribution of great blue herons on the hanford reach of the Columbia River SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tiller, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ Tri Cities, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754EF UT WOS:000187289200009 ER PT J AU Wu, SC Niu, H AF Wu, SC Niu, H TI Nuclear data sheets for A=189 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; HIGH-SPIN STATES; LIGHT GOLD ISOTOPES; ENERGY X-RAYS; ALPHA-DECAY; HALF-LIVES; SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; COULOMB-EXCITATION; PLATINUM ISOTOPES; ISOMERIC STATES AB Evaluated spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A=189 and corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. This evaluation contains new extensive spectroscopic data on Os-189 from (n,gamma) work; data on Au-189, Hg-189 and Tl-189 from heavy-ion gamma-ray measurements, and band structures. Detailed results of Hg-189 epsilon- decay and Hg-189(m) epsilon-decay measurements are also included. The present evaluation supersedes the earlier one by R. B. Firestone (1990FiO2), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 59, 869 (1990). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Nucl Sci & Technol Dev Ctr, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. RP Wu, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 199 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD SEP PY 2003 VL 100 IS 1 BP 1 EP + AR PII S0090-3752(03)00081-4 DI 10.1006/ndsh.2003.0014 PG 139 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 755DY UT WOS:000187389500002 ER PT J AU Akovali, YA AF Akovali, YA TI Nuclear data sheets for A=217 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID HEAVY-ION REACTIONS; ALPHA-DECAY; LEVEL STRUCTURE; RADIOACTIVE DECAY; CROSS-SECTIONS; GROUND-STATE; GAMMA-RAYS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; ACTINIDE REGION; ATOMIC-NUCLEI AB The available nuclear structure information for all nuclei with mass number A=217 is presented. Various decay and reaction data are evaluated and compared. Adopted data, levels, and spin and parity assignments are given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Akovali, YA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 114 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD SEP PY 2003 VL 100 IS 1 BP 141 EP + AR PII S0090-3752(03)00082-6 DI 10.1006/ndsh.2003.0015 PG 37 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 755DY UT WOS:000187389500003 ER PT J AU Wu, Q Sienicki, JJ AF Wu, Q Sienicki, JJ TI Stability analysis on single-phase natural circulation in Argonne lead loop facility SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION LOOP AB One-dimensional linear stability analysis was performed for single-phase lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) natural circulation.The Nyquist criterion and a root search method were employed to find the linear stability boundary of both forward and backward circulations. It was found that the natural circulations could be linearly unstable in a high Reynolds number region. Increasing loop friction makes a forward circulation more stable, but destabilizes the corresponding backward circulation under the same heating/cooling conditions. The characteristic wavelength of an unstable disturbance is roughly equal to the entire loop length. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, 130 Radiat Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 224 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(03)00099-2 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 716UN UT WOS:000185047800003 ER PT J AU Davis, CB AF Davis, CB TI Thermal-hydraulic analyses of transients in an actinide-burner reactor cooled by forced convection of lead-bismuth SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are investigating the suitability of lead or lead-bismuth cooled fast reactors for producing low-cost electricity as well as for actinide burning. The current analysis evaluated a pool type design that relies on forced circulation of the primary coolant, a conventional steam power conversion system, and a passive decay heat removal system. The ATHENA computer code was used to simulate various transients without reactor scram, including a primary coolant pump trip, a station blackout, and a step reactivity insertion. The reactor design successfully met identified temperature limits for each of the transients analyzed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Davis, CB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 224 IS 2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(03)00104-3 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 723UR UT WOS:000185450400003 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Miah, M Darrow, D LeBlanc, B Medley, SS Roquemore, AL Cecil, FE AF Heidbrink, WW Miah, M Darrow, D LeBlanc, B Medley, SS Roquemore, AL Cecil, FE TI The confinement of dilute populations of beam ions in the national spherical torus experiment SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-Atomic-Energy-Agency Technical Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy ID TOROIDAL FIELD RIPPLE; FUSION TEST REACTOR; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; DIFFUSION; OPERATION; TFTR; PLASMAS; SYSTEM; JT-60U AB Short similar to3 ms pulses of 80 keV deuterium neutrals are injected at three different tangency radii into the national spherical torus experiment. The confinement is studied as a function of tangency radius, plasma current (between 0.4 and 1.0 MA), and toroidal field (between 2.5 and 5.0 kG). The jump in neutron emission during the pulse is used to infer prompt losses of beam ions. In the absence of MHD, the neutron data show the expected dependences on beam angle and plasma current; the average jump in the neutron signal is 88 +/- 39% of the expected jump. The decay of the neutron and neutral particle signals following the blip are compared to the expected classical deceleration to detect losses on a 10 ms timescale. The temporal evolution of these signals are consistent with Coulomb scattering rates, implying an effective beam-ion confinement time greater than or similar to100ms. The confinement is insensitive to the toroidal field despite large values of rhodelB/B (less than or similar to0.25), so any effects of non-conservation of the adiabatic invariant it are smaller than the experimental error. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 883 EP 888 AR PII S0029-5515(03)66853-5 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/9/312 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 728ZE UT WOS:000185745600013 ER PT J AU Petrie, TW Watkins, JG Lao, LL Snyder, PB AF Petrie, TW Watkins, JG Lao, LL Snyder, PB TI The role of magnetic geometry on the poloidal distribution of ELM-induced peak particle flux at the divertor targets in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-Atomic-Energy-Agency Technical Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy ID EDGE-LOCALIZED MODES; TOKAMAK; PLASMA; ITER AB Edge localized modes (ELMs) are commonly observed in high-energy confinement tokamak plasmas and are thought to be caused by magnetohydrodynamic instabilities driven by the steep pressure gradient and the current in the plasma edge region. Our data show that the divertor magnetic balance, i.e. the degree to which the plasma topology resembles a single-null or a double-null, strongly determines where ELM pulses driven by ballooning instabilities at the plasma edge are distributed to surrounding vacuum vessel surfaces. These data also support the conclusions drawn from the stability analysis that ELMs are generated almost entirely on the outboard side of the main plasma. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Petrie, TW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 910 EP 913 AR PII S0029-5515(03)67261-3 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/9/315 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 728ZE UT WOS:000185745600016 ER PT J AU Strachan, JD Fundamenski, W Charlet, M Corrigan, G Erents, K Gafert, J Giroud, C Gowers, C von Hellermann, M Horton, LD Matthews, GF McCracken, G Philipps, V Spence, J Stamp, MF Zastrow, KD AF Strachan, JD Fundamenski, W Charlet, M Corrigan, G Erents, K Gafert, J Giroud, C Gowers, C von Hellermann, M Horton, LD Matthews, GF McCracken, G Philipps, V Spence, J Stamp, MF Zastrow, KD CA EFDA-JET Work Programme Collaborat TI JET carbon screening experiments using methane gas puffing and its relation to intrinsic carbon impurities SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-Atomic-Energy-Agency Technical Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; ONION-SKIN MODEL; VARIED GEOMETRY; H-MODES; DIVERTOR; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; CODE; BEHAVIOR; LIMITER AB JET carbon screening experiments were performed using methane gas injection. L-Mode experiments scanned parameters influencing the JET scrape-off-layer (SOL) and/or intrinsic impurity level. Scaling relations are derived to describe methane injected into L-Mode plasmas from the JET horizontal mid-plane. L-Mode screening was 3-20 times better for plasmas connected to the divertor than for similar limited plasmas. The screening was worse for methane injection from the mid-plane and best for injection from the divertor. The screening was 1.5-2 times worse for H-Mode than L-Mode. Both ELM-averaged and inter-ELM H-Mode screening was documented. The screening results were used to understand the intrinsic impurity levels. Z(eff) reduced at higher densities partly due to better carbon screening at the higher density, and partly due to decreased carbon influxes. Diverted L-Mode intrinsic carbon levels arose from both main chamber and divertor sources, while H-mode carbon primarily originated from the divertor. DIVIMP and EDGE2D were used to model the observed screening. The modelling indicated that carbon removal to the divertor required lower temperatures for Coulomb collisions to couple the impurity ions to the SOL deuterium flows. The carbon removal occurred primarily in the outer SOL regions. C1 Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. UKAEA, Culham, England. IPP, Garching, Germany. CEA, Cadarache, France. FOM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. KFA Julich, D-5170 Julich, Germany. RP Strachan, JD (reprint author), Culham Sci Ctr, JET Expt, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 922 EP 941 AR PII S0029-5515(03)66967-X DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/9/317 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 728ZE UT WOS:000185745600018 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Barnes, DC Bauer, BS Hammer, JH Hartman, CW Kirkpatrick, RC Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Parks, PB Reisman, DB Sheehey, PT Siemon, RE AF Ryutov, DD Barnes, DC Bauer, BS Hammer, JH Hartman, CW Kirkpatrick, RC Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Parks, PB Reisman, DB Sheehey, PT Siemon, RE TI Particle and heat transport in a dense wall-confined MTF plasma (theory and simulations) SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-Atomic-Energy-Agency Technical Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATIONS; MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION; HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; PROFILE CONSISTENCY; STABILITY; COMPRESSION; MODE AB Plasma beta in magnetized target fusion systems is sometimes much greater than 1, and the plasma may be in direct contact with the imploding liner. Plasma processes are strongly dominated by inter-particle collisions. Under such conditions, the plasma microturbulence, behaviour of alpha-particles, and plasma equilibria are very different from conventional fusion systems. This paper contains the most comprehensive analysis of the corresponding phenomena to date. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of plasma convection in the targets of a diffuse pinch type demonstrate an onset of convection in this configuration. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 955 EP 960 AR PII S0029-5515(03)67102-4 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/9/320 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 728ZE UT WOS:000185745600021 ER PT J AU Kim, EJ Diamond, PH Malkov, M Hahm, TS Itoh, K Itoh, SI Champeaux, S Gruzinov, I Gurcan, O Holland, C Rosenbluth, MN Smolyakov, A AF Kim, EJ Diamond, PH Malkov, M Hahm, TS Itoh, K Itoh, SI Champeaux, S Gruzinov, I Gurcan, O Holland, C Rosenbluth, MN Smolyakov, A TI Non-perturbative models of intermittency in drift-wave turbulence: towards a probabilistic theory of anomalous transport SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-Atomic-Energy-Agency Technical Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy ID ZONAL FLOW; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; BURGERS-EQUATION; DRIVEN; PLASMA; INSTANTONS; DYNAMICS; STREAMER AB Two examples of non-perturbative models of intermittency in drift-wave (DW) turbulence are presented. The first is a calculation of the probability distribution function (PDF) of ion heat flux due to structures in ion temperature gradient turbulence. The instanton calculus predicts the PDF to be a stretched exponential. The second is a derivation of a bi-variate Burgers equation for the evolution of the DW population density in the presence of radially extended streamer flows. The PDF of fluctuation intensity avalanches is determined. The relation of this to turbulence spreading, observed in simulations, is discussed. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. RP Kim, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Malkov, Mikhail/A-8445-2013; Gurcan, Ozgur/A-1362-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; OI Malkov, Mikhail/0000-0001-6360-1987; Gurcan, Ozgur/0000-0002-2278-1544; Kim, Eun-jin/0000-0001-5607-6635 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 961 EP 968 AR PII S0029-5515(03)66616-0 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/9/321 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 728ZE UT WOS:000185745600022 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Bell, MG Bell, RE Bush, CE Fredrickson, ED Gates, DA Gray, T Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kubota, S Kugel, HW Lasnier, CJ LeBlanc, BP Maqueda, RJ Mastrovito, D Menard, JE Mueller, D Ono, M Paoletti, F Pau, SJ Peng, YKM Roquemore, AL Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Swain, DW Synakowski, EJ Tan, T Wilgen, JB Zweben, SJ AF Maingi, R Bell, MG Bell, RE Bush, CE Fredrickson, ED Gates, DA Gray, T Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kubota, S Kugel, HW Lasnier, CJ LeBlanc, BP Maqueda, RJ Mastrovito, D Menard, JE Mueller, D Ono, M Paoletti, F Pau, SJ Peng, YKM Roquemore, AL Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Swain, DW Synakowski, EJ Tan, T Wilgen, JB Zweben, SJ TI H-mode research in NSTX SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-Atomic-Energy-Agency Technical Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; TOKAMAK; PERFORMANCE; PLASMAS; BETA AB H-modes are routinely obtained in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) and have become a standard operational scenario. L-H transitions triggered by NBI heating have been obtained over a wide parameter range in I-p, B-t, and (n) over bar (e) in either lower-single-null (LSN) or double-null (DN) diverted discharges. Edge localized modes are observed in both configurations but the characteristics differ between DN and LSN, which also have different triangularities (delta). An H-mode duration of 500 ms was obtained in LSN, with a total pulse length of similar to 1 s. Preliminary power threshold studies indicate that the L-H threshold is between 600 kW and 1.2 MW, depending on the target parameters. Gas injector fuelling from the centre stack (i.e. the high toroidal field side) has enabled routine H-mode access, and comparisons with low-field side (LFS) fuelled H-mode discharges show that the LFS fuelling delays the L-H transition and alters the pre-transition plasma profiles. Gas puff imaging and reflectometry show that the H-mode edge is usually more quiescent than the L-mode edge. Divertor infrared camera measurements indicate up to 70% of available power flows to the divertor targets in quiescent H-mode discharges. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. W Windsor Plainsboro High Sch N, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 969 EP 974 AR PII S0029-5515(03)66865-1 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/9/322 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 728ZE UT WOS:000185745600023 ER PT J AU Garbet, X Baranov, Y Bateman, G Benkadda, S Beyer, P Budny, R Crisanti, F Esposito, B Figarella, C Fourment, C Ghendrih, P Imbeaux, F Joffrin, E Kinsey, J Kritz, A Litaudon, X Maget, P Mantica, P Moreau, D Sarazin, Y Pankin, A Parail, V Peeters, A Tala, T Tardini, G Thyagaraja, A Voitsekhovitch, I Weiland, J Wolf, R AF Garbet, X Baranov, Y Bateman, G Benkadda, S Beyer, P Budny, R Crisanti, F Esposito, B Figarella, C Fourment, C Ghendrih, P Imbeaux, F Joffrin, E Kinsey, J Kritz, A Litaudon, X Maget, P Mantica, P Moreau, D Sarazin, Y Pankin, A Parail, V Peeters, A Tala, T Tardini, G Thyagaraja, A Voitsekhovitch, I Weiland, J Wolf, R CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Micro-stability and transport modelling of internal transport barriers on JET SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-Atomic-Energy-Agency Technical Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy ID REVERSED SHEAR DISCHARGES; TOKAMAK PLASMA; MAGNETIC SHEAR; FLOW SHEAR; ASPECT RATIO; TURBULENCE; SIMULATIONS; CONFINEMENT; PERFORMANCE; ROTATION AB The physics of internal transport barrier (ITB) formation in JET has been investigated using micro-stability analysis, profile modelling and turbulence simulations. The calculation of linear growth rates shows that magnetic shear plays a crucial role in the formation of the ITB. Shafranov shift, ratio of the ion to electron temperature, and impurity content further improve the stability. This picture is consistent with profile modelling and global fluid simulations of electrostatic drift waves. Turbulence simulations also show that rational q values may play a special role in triggering an ITB. The same physics also explains how double internal barriers can be formed. C1 CEA, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Ctr Univ St Jerome, LPIIM, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. ENEA, EURATOM Assoc, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EURATOM, CNR, Ist Fis Plasma, I-20125 Milan, Italy. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM, TEKES, VTT CTIP, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EURATOM VR Assoc, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EURATOM, FZJ, Inst Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Garbet, X (reprint author), CEA, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM garbet@cea.fr RI Peeters, Arthur/A-1281-2009; Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013; Mantica, Paola/K-3033-2012 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 975 EP 981 AR PII S0029-5515(03)66863-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/9/323 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 728ZE UT WOS:000185745600024 ER PT J AU Gao, QD Budny, RV Li, F Zhang, J AF Gao, QD Budny, RV Li, F Zhang, J TI Predictive study of high performance scenarios in HL-2A SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International-Atomic-Energy-Agency Technical Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL ARLES, FRANCE SP Int Atom Energy Agcy ID LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; NEGATIVE MAGNETIC SHEAR; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; DIII-D; TOKAMAKS; CONFINEMENT; MODE; OPERATION; BETA; TRANSPORT AB High performance scenarios in the HL-2A tokamak are studied by numerical modelling. Through shifting the plasma column outwards, a shaped plasma with significant triangularity is achieved with sufficient room left for the RF antenna. For the out-shifted, shaped plasma, ripple loss of high energy ions during neutral beam injection (NBI) is analysed, and the results show that the ripple loss fraction of NBI power for the shaped plasma is no higher than that for the unshifted circular plasma. The time dependent TRANSP code is used to model realistic reversed magnetic shear (RS) operation in such plasmas. In order to sustain the RS operation towards steady-state, an off-axis current drive with a lower hybrid wave at 2.45 GHz is used to control the current profile. A steady-state RS discharge is formed and sustained until the LH power is turned off; the plasma confinement is enhanced with the development of an internal transport barrier. In the RS discharges with shaped plasma geometry, a double transport barrier is developed. To understand the underlying physics for the current profile control with LHCD in HL-2A, the LH wave deposition in plasmas with RS is analysed. C1 SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gao, QD (reprint author), SW Inst Phys, POB 432, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 982 EP 988 AR PII S0029-5515(03)66862-6 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/9/324 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 728ZE UT WOS:000185745600025 ER PT J AU Boudet, N Berar, JF Blanquart, L Breugon, P Caillot, B Clemens, JC Koudobine, I Delpierre, P Mouget, C Potheau, R Valin, I AF Boudet, N Berar, JF Blanquart, L Breugon, P Caillot, B Clemens, JC Koudobine, I Delpierre, P Mouget, C Potheau, R Valin, I TI XPAD: a hybrid pixel detector for X-ray diffraction and diffusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Applications of Particle Detectors in Medicine, Biology and Astrophysics (SAMBA 99) CY OCT 06-08, 1999 CL UNIV SIEGEN, SIEGEN, GERMANY HO UNIV SIEGEN DE detectors; X-rays ID ARRAY AB Currently available 2D detectors do not allow full use of the high flux and high brilliance of third generation synchrotron sources. Strong efforts are therefore being made to develop 2D detectors with improved performances. In this paper, we present results obtained from a prototype photon counting detector with high dynamical range, high counting rate and short read-out time. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 European Synchrotron Facil, CNRS, Lab Cristallog, F-38042 Grenoble, France. ESRF, CRG, D2AM, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Ctr Phys Part, IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille, France. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. Inst Rech Subatom, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. RP Boudet, N (reprint author), European Synchrotron Facil, CNRS, Lab Cristallog, Rue Horowitz, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RI d2am, beamline/I-6445-2015 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 510 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01676-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 718CN UT WOS:000185127700006 ER PT J AU Castoldi, A Galimberti, A Guazzoni, C Rehak, P Struder, L Menk, RH AF Castoldi, A Galimberti, A Guazzoni, C Rehak, P Struder, L Menk, RH TI Energy-resolved X-ray radiography with controlled-drift detectors at Sincrotrone Trieste SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Applications of Particle Detectors in Medicine, Biology and Astrophysics (SAMBA 99) CY OCT 06-08, 1999 CL UNIV SIEGEN, SIEGEN, GERMANY HO UNIV SIEGEN DE controlled drift detector; X-ray spectroscopy X-ray imaging; time-resolved X-ray imaging; energy-resolved X-ray imaging AB The Controlled-Drift Detector (CDD) is a fully depleted silicon detector that allows 2-D position sensing and energy spectroscopy of X-rays in the range 1-20 keV with excellent time resolution. Its distinctive feature is the simultaneous readout of the charge packets stored in the detector by means of a uniform electrostatic field leading to readout times of few microseconds. The advantage of this readout mechanism is twofold: (i) a higher frame rate/better time resolution with respect to the charge-coupled device which represents the reference X-ray spectroscopic imager and (ii) a lower contribution of the thermal noise due to a shorter integration time, leading to an excellent energy resolution also at room temperature. In this work we present the first experimental characterization of the CDD with synchrotron light in the range 8-30 keV carried out at Sincrotrone Trieste. Two-dimensional energy-resolved radiographic images carried out at a frame frequency up to 100 kHz are shown. Application of the CDD to elemental absorption contrast imaging is also presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Halbleiterlabor Max Planck Inst, D-81279 Munich, Germany. Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Castoldi, A (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Nucl, Piazza Leonardo Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Guazzoni, Chiara/A-5070-2008 OI Guazzoni, Chiara/0000-0001-6399-8670 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 510 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01679-6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 718CN UT WOS:000185127700009 ER PT J AU Palmieri, VG Bell, WH Borer, K Casagrande, L Da Via, C Devine, SRH Dezillie, B Esposito, A Granata, V Hauler, F Jungermann, L Li, Z Lourenco, C Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Ruggiero, G Sonderegger, P AF Palmieri, VG Bell, WH Borer, K Casagrande, L Da Via, C Devine, SRH Dezillie, B Esposito, A Granata, V Hauler, F Jungermann, L Li, Z Lourenco, C Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Ruggiero, G Sonderegger, P TI Cryogenic semiconductor high-intensity radiation monitors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Applications of Particle Detectors in Medicine, Biology and Astrophysics (SAMBA 99) CY OCT 06-08, 1999 CL UNIV SIEGEN, SIEGEN, GERMANY HO UNIV SIEGEN DE cryogenic; semiconductor; detector; Lazarus effect ID CHARGE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATURES AB This paper describes a novel technique to monitor high-intensity particle beams by means of a semiconductor detector. It consists of cooling a semiconductor detector down to cryogenic temperature to suppress the thermally generated leakage current and to precisely measure the integrated ionization signal. It will be shown that such a device provides very good linearity and a dynamic range wider than is possible with existing techniques. Moreover, thanks to the Lazarus effect, extreme radiation hardness can be achieved providing in turn absolute intensity measurements against precise calibration of the device at low beam flux. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 800, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Bern, LHEP, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. LIP, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E18, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, IEKP, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Palmieri, VG (reprint author), CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RI O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010 OI O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 510 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01684-X PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 718CN UT WOS:000185127700014 ER PT J AU Rossi, P Brice, DK Doyle, BL AF Rossi, P Brice, DK Doyle, BL TI Spatial distribution measured by the modulation transfer function SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL TAKASAKI GUNMA, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Japan Radioisotope Assoc, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Technol, Radiat Applicat Dev Assoc, Suzuki Fdn, Yoshida Sci Fdn DE nuclear micro-probe; ion beam analysis; spatial resolution; modulation transfer function; phosphor blooming; halo evaluation AB Spatial distributions in ion micro-beam and IBA experimental practice are regularly characterized through the parameters of FWHM and tail area percentage (TF, tail fraction). Linear and stationary transducer theory allows these distributions to be described in the Fourier-dual frequency space, and provides an indirect method to evaluate them through measurement of the modulation transfer function (MTF). We suggest direct measurement of MTF by employing bar pattern grids, similar to those used for calibration of radiological equipment. Assuming spatial distributions of the form exp(-(\alphax\)"), we are able to relate the MTF measurements to the more popular FWHM and TF. This new approach to determine spatial resolution can become a standard for use by the micro-beam community. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Phys, I-35131 Padua, Italy. INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Rossi, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Org 1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2003 VL 210 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01031-0 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 722AN UT WOS:000185352300017 ER PT J AU Doyle, BL McDaniel, FD Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Rossi, P Walsh, DS AF Doyle, BL McDaniel, FD Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Rossi, P Walsh, DS TI Logic upsets in SRAMs using ion electron emission microscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL TAKASAKI GUNMA, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Japan Radioisotope Assoc, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Technol, Radiat Applicat Dev Assoc, Suzuki Fdn, Yoshida Sci Fdn DE radiation effects microscopy; radio frequency quadrupole; ion electron emission microscopy; high linear energy transfer ions; single event upset; radiation hardened ICs ID CHARGE COLLECTION; CMOS SRAMS AB A high linear energy transfer (LET) system for performing radiation effects microscopy (REM) has been developed at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque. A radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac is used to boost the energy of ions accelerated by a conventional Tandem Van de Graaff-Pelletron from 0.25 to 1.9 MeV/amu. The LET for heavy ions is near a maximum at this velocity and the range is similar to20 mum. Unfortunately, the energy definition of the RFQ-boosted ions is rather poor, which makes focusing such ions difficult. To circumvent this problem, we are not using a focused microbeam, but instead are employing an ion-electron emission microscope or IEEM to perform high-LET REM experiments. Details of the RFQ-Booster and the new Axial IEEM system are given. Results using IEEM-IBIC to observe single event upsets in Sandia-manufactured radiation hardened integrated circuits are also presented and interpreted. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Ion Beam Modificat & Anal Lab, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. INFN, I-35100 Padua, Italy. RP McDaniel, FD (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Ion Beam Modificat & Anal Lab, POB 311427, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2003 VL 210 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01037-1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 722AN UT WOS:000185352300019 ER PT J AU Rossi, P Doyle, BL Banks, JC Battistella, A Gennaro, G McDaniel, FD Mellon, M Vittone, E Vizkelethy, G Wing, ND AF Rossi, P Doyle, BL Banks, JC Battistella, A Gennaro, G McDaniel, FD Mellon, M Vittone, E Vizkelethy, G Wing, ND TI Ion photon emission microscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL TAKASAKI GUNMA, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Japan Radioisotope Assoc, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Technol, Radiat Applicat Dev Assoc, Suzuki Fdn, Yoshida Sci Fdn DE nuclear emission microscopy; ion photon emission microscopy; ion beam analysis AB A new ion-induced emission microscopy has been invented and demonstrated, which is called ion photon emission microscopy (IPEM). It employs a low current, broad ion beam impinging on a sample, previously coated or simply covered with a few microns of a fast, highly efficient phosphor layer. The light produced at the single ion impact point is collected with an optical microscope and projected at high magnification onto a single photon position sensitive detector (PSD). This allows maps of the ion strike effects to be produced, effectively removing the need for a microbeam. Irradiation in air and even the use of alpha particle sources with no accelerator are possible. Potential applications include ion beam induced charge collection studies of semiconducting and insulating materials, single event upset studies on microchips and even biological cells in radiobiological effectiveness experiments. We describe the IPEM setup, including a 60x OM-40 microscope with a 1.5 mm hole for the beam transmission and a Quantar PSD with 60 mum pixel. Bicron plastic scintillator blades of 10 mum were chosen as a phosphor for their nanosecond time resolution, homogeneity, utility and commercial availability. The results given in this paper are for a prototype IPEM system. They indicate a resolution of similar to12 mum, the presence of a spatial halo and a He-ion efficiency of similar to20%. This marks the first time that nuclear microscopy has been performed with a radioactive source. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Phys, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Lab Nazl Legnaro, INFN, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. Azienda Osped, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Quantar Technol Inc, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Turin, Dept Expt Phys, I-10125 Turin, Italy. INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Rossi, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Org 1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI vittone, ettore/0000-0003-3133-3687 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2003 VL 210 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01081-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 722AN UT WOS:000185352300024 ER PT J AU Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Walsh, DS McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL AF Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Walsh, DS McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Anomalous charge collection from silicon-on-insulator structures SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL TAKASAKI GUNMA, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Japan Radioisotope Assoc, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Technol, Radiat Applicat Dev Assoc, Suzuki Fdn, Yoshida Sci Fdn DE silicon-on-insulator; single event upset; ion beam induced charge collection; microbeam; broad beam ID CAPACITORS; IONS AB An increased single event upset cross-section was found in some silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices in recent experiments. In order to investigate this unexpected increase we performed both broad beam and microbeam experiments on thermal oxide capacitors. Charge collection was measured using ion beam induced charge collection (IBICC) and time resolved IBICC under different biasing conditions. Lateral charge collection profiles were recorded across the top electrode. We found that the collected charge strongly depends on the applied bias and the oxide thickness. Lateral nonuniformity was observed for low bias conditions. In this paper we will give a qualitative explanation for the charge collection mechanism in SOI devices. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1056, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gvizkel@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2003 VL 210 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01072-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 722AN UT WOS:000185352300040 ER PT J AU Ohnuki, T Sakamoto, F Kozai, N Ozaki, T Narumi, I Francis, AJ Iefuji, H Sakai, T Kamiya, T Satoh, T Oikawa, M AF Ohnuki, T Sakamoto, F Kozai, N Ozaki, T Narumi, I Francis, AJ Iefuji, H Sakai, T Kamiya, T Satoh, T Oikawa, M TI Application of micro-PIXE technique to uptake study of cesium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL TAKASAKI GUNMA, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Japan Radioisotope Assoc, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Technol, Radiat Applicat Dev Assoc, Suzuki Fdn, Yoshida Sci Fdn DE PIXE; cesium; cobalt; uptake; microorganism ID METALS AB We examined the accumulation and distribution of Cs, and the presence of other elements in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells by the micro-PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) system developed at the TIARA facility, JAERI, and by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) coupled to a scanning electron microscope. The effects of Cs on yeast growth were determined by measuring the optical density at 600 nm. Addition of 1 mM Cs did not have any effect on the growth of the yeast. Micro-PIXE analysis of cells grown in the presence of Cs showed that Cs was uniformly distributed in the cells. Using PIXE, Cs, P, K and Fe can be detected, whereas only P and S can be determined by the EDS. Cells exposed to Cs showed an increase in Cs peak intensity, and decrease in P, K and Fe with time. These results suggest that micro-PIXE is a useful technique to detect low concentration of toxic elements in microorganisms as well as to monitor their changes as function of growth. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Res Grp Heavy Elements Microbiol, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Res Reactor, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Res Inst Brewing, Div Environm Res, Hiroshima 7390046, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Radiat Technol Ctr, Gunma 3701292, Japan. RP Ohnuki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Res Grp Heavy Elements Microbiol, Shirakata 2, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2003 VL 210 BP 378 EP 382 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01067-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 722AN UT WOS:000185352300071 ER PT J AU Abreu, M D'Ambrosio, N Bell, W Berglund, P Borchi, E de Boer, W Borer, K Bruzzi, M Buontempo, S Casagrande, L Chapuy, S Cindro, V Devine, SRH Dezillie, B Dierlamm, A Dimcovski, Z Eremin, V Esposito, A Granata, V Grigoriev, E Grohmann, S Hauler, F Heijne, E Heising, S Hempel, O Herzog, R Harkonen, J Janos, S Jungermann, L Konorov, I Li, Z Lourenco, C De Masi, R Menichelli, D Mikuz, M Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Pagano, S Palmieri, VG Paul, S Pretzl, K Smith, K Solano, BP Sousa, P Pirollo, S Mendes, PR Ruggiero, G Sonderegger, P Tuominen, E Verbitskaya, E da Via, C Watts, S Wobst, E Zavrtanik, M AF Abreu, M D'Ambrosio, N Bell, W Berglund, P Borchi, E de Boer, W Borer, K Bruzzi, M Buontempo, S Casagrande, L Chapuy, S Cindro, V Devine, SRH Dezillie, B Dierlamm, A Dimcovski, Z Eremin, V Esposito, A Granata, V Grigoriev, E Grohmann, S Hauler, F Heijne, E Heising, S Hempel, O Herzog, R Harkonen, J Janos, S Jungermann, L Konorov, I Li, Z Lourenco, C De Masi, R Menichelli, D Mikuz, M Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Pagano, S Palmieri, VG Paul, S Pretzl, K Smith, K Solano, BP Sousa, P Pirollo, S Mendes, PR Ruggiero, G Sonderegger, P Tuominen, E Verbitskaya, E da Via, C Watts, S Wobst, E Zavrtanik, M TI Recent progress in low-temperature silicon detectors SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors CY OCT 21-24, 2002 CL SIENA, ITALY SP Italian Inst Nucl Phys, Univ Bologna, Reg Toscana, Monte Paschi Siena, Banca Roma, Elect & Instrumentat Firm CAEN ID TRANSIENT CURRENT AB The CERN RD39 Collaboration studies the possibility to extend the detector lifetime in a hostile radiation environment by operating them at low temperatures. The outstanding illustration is the Lazarus effect, which showed a broad operational temperature range around 130 K for neutron irradiated silicon detectors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. ILK Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet, I-50139 Florence, Italy. Univ Geneva, Dept Radiol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Bern, Lab Hochenergiephys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Helsinki Univ Technol, Low Temp Lab, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland. Univ Karlsruhe, IEKP, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. LIP, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Jozef Stefan Inst, Exp Particle Phys Dep, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E18, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Abreu, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Grohmann, Steffen/M-8671-2016; Zavrtanik, Marko/A-1524-2008; Rato Mendes, Pedro/F-8827-2010; Pagano, Sergio/C-5332-2008; Grigoriev, Eugene/K-6650-2013; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Bruzzi, Mara/K-1326-2015; Paul, Stephan/F-7596-2015; Paul, Stephan/K-9237-2016; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; OI Grohmann, Steffen/0000-0003-1298-5110; Abreu, Maria Conceicao/0000-0003-0093-7496; Zavrtanik, Marko/0000-0001-5606-6912; Rato Mendes, Pedro/0000-0001-9929-0869; Pagano, Sergio/0000-0001-6894-791X; Grigoriev, Eugene/0000-0001-7235-9715; O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Bruzzi, Mara/0000-0001-7344-8365; Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-8813-0437; Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-8813-0437; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; D'Ambrosio, Nicola/0000-0001-9849-8756 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 125 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)02240-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 722JX UT WOS:000185372900030 ER PT J AU Fast, J AF Fast, J CA D0 Run IIb Silicon Gr TI The D0 silicon detector for Run IIb at the Tevatron SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors CY OCT 21-24, 2002 CL SIENA, ITALY SP Italian Inst Nucl Phys, Univ Bologna, Reg Toscana, Monte Paschi Siena, Banca Roma, Elect & Instrumentat Firm CAEN AB The Dnull set collaboration has designed a new silicon tracking system for the Fermilab Tevatron Run IIb physics program, during which the experiment anticipates collecting up to 15fb(-1) of integrated luminosity of (p) over tilde p collisions at 1.96TeV center of mass energy. The detector is a 6-layer barrel device employing about 2300 single sided silicon microstrip detectors. The sensors will be readout using the radiation hard SVX4 chip. The design, prototyping effort and project status of this detector will be presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fast, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 310,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 125 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)02271-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 722JX UT WOS:000185372900061 ER PT J AU Majumdar, D AF Majumdar, D TI Advanced reactors around the world SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Majumdar, D (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM Majumdad@id.doe.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 21 EP + PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 984BZ UT WOS:000233278800031 ER PT J AU Briggs, JB Scott, L Nouri, A AF Briggs, JB Scott, L Nouri, A TI The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) was initiated in 1992 by the U.S. Department of Energy. The ICSBEP became an official activity of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency in 1995. Representatives from the United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan, the Russian Federation, Hungary, Republic of Korea, Slovenia, Yugoslavia, Kazakhstan, Spain, and Israel are now participating. The purpose of the ICSBEP is to identify, evaluate, verify, and formally document a comprehensive and internationally peer-reviewed set of criticality safety benchmark data. The work of the ICSBEP is published as an OECD handbook entitled "International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safely Benchmark Experiments" (ICSBEP Handbook). The 2002 edition of the ICSBEP Handbook contains benchmark model specifications for 2881 critical or subcritical configurations that are intended for validating computer codes that calculate effective neutron multiplication and for testing basic nuclear data. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. Nucl Energy Agcy, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. RP Briggs, JB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 145 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714NZ UT WOS:000184921500002 ER PT J AU Nouri, A Nagel, P Briggs, JB Ivanova, T AF Nouri, A Nagel, P Briggs, JB Ivanova, T TI DICE: Database for the international criticality safety benchmark evaluation program handbook SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The 2002 edition of the "International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments" (ICSBEP Handbook) spans more than 26 000 pages and contains 330 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 2881 critical or near-critical configurations. With such a large content, it became evident that the users needed more than a broad and qualitative classification of experiments to make efficient use of the ICSBEP Handbook. this paper describes the features of (D) under bar atabase for the (I) under bar nternational Handbook of Evaluated (C) under bar riticality Safely Benchmark (E) under bar xperiments (DICE), which is a database for the ICSBEP Handbook. The DICE program contains a relational database loaded with selected information from each configuration and a users' interface that enables one to query the database and to extract specific parameters. Summary descriptions of each experimental configuration can also be obtained In addition, plotting capabilities provide the means of comparing neutron spectra and sensitivity coefficients for a set of configurations. C1 Nucl Energy Agcy, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. RP Nouri, A (reprint author), Nucl Energy Agcy, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 145 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714NZ UT WOS:000184921500003 ER PT J AU Dean, VAF AF Dean, VAF TI The benchmark evaluation process: From experimental data to benchmark model SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The International Criticality Safely Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) provides a handbook of descriptions, evaluations, and models of experiments with fissionable material. The "International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments" (ICSBEP Handbook) is useful for criticality. safety analysts and nuclear-data evaluators for validation of neutron transport codes and nuclear cross-section sets. Each of the four main parts of the ICSBEP document provides valuable information. The four parts are as follows: Part 1, detailed description of the experiment; Part 2, evaluation of experimental data to obtain parameter values that define the model and their uncertainties; Part 3, derivation and concise description of the benchmark model; and Part 4, sample calculation results. The ICSBEP Handbook provides a practical, standardized format for documenting nuclear experiments. Valuable, previously unknown data are often discovered during the evaluation process. Besides these discoveries, many other things have been learned during this first decade of evaluating and providing benchmark-models of experiments. The current method is described in order to improve understanding of what is required to evaluate benchmark experiments for validation purposes. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Dean, VAF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 145 IS 1 BP 20 EP 38 PG 19 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714NZ UT WOS:000184921500004 ER PT J AU Clement, SD AF Clement, SD TI Critical experiment programs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in support of the US Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration's Nuclear Criticality Safety Program SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Much of the research performed at the Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility (LACEF) today is in direct support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA's) Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP). A key component of this support includes performing high-priority critical and subcritical experiments and then analyzing and documenting those experiments as benchmarks for the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP). The current complement of five operational critical assemblies is described, and an overview of LACEF support for the DOE/NNSA NCSP and the ICSBEP is presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clement, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 145 IS 1 BP 72 EP 83 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714NZ UT WOS:000184921500007 ER PT J AU Schaefer, RW Lell, RM McKnight, RD AF Schaefer, RW Lell, RM McKnight, RD TI Criticality safety benchmark experiments derived from Argonne National Laboratory zero power reactor assemblies SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Numerous criticality safety benchmarks have been, and continue to be, developed from experiments performed on Argonne National Laboratory's plate-type fast critical assemblies. The nature and scope of assemblies suitable for deriving these benchmarks are discussed. The benchmark derivation process, including full treatment of all significant uncertainties, is explained. Calculational results are presented that support the small uncertainty assigned to the key derivation step in which complex geometric detail is removed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab W, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schaefer, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab W, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 145 IS 1 BP 84 EP 96 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714NZ UT WOS:000184921500008 ER PT J AU Mosteller, RD Brewer, RW Jaegers, PJ AF Mosteller, RD Brewer, RW Jaegers, PJ TI Analysis of the first three Zeus critical experiments SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The Zeus experiments have-been designed to test the adequacy of U-235 cross sections in the intermediate-energy range. Detailed models of the three Zeus critical experiments are developed for the MCNP Monte Carlo code, and calculated results, based on cross sections derived from ENDF/B-V and ENDF/B-VI, are presented and assessed A series of modeling simplifications then is described that transforms the detailed representations into benchmark configurations, and the reactivity impact of each of those simplifications is assessed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mosteller, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 145 IS 1 BP 105 EP 119 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714NZ UT WOS:000184921500010 ER PT J AU Jeong, KJ Lim, J Hwang, IS Kim, HD Pilch, MM Chu, TY AF Jeong, KJ Lim, J Hwang, IS Kim, HD Pilch, MM Chu, TY TI Development of creep constitutive equation for low-alloy steel SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-temperature creep; SA533B1 low-alloy steel; FEM code ID VESSEL LOWER PLENA; SEVERE ACCIDENT AB High-temperature creep tests were performed with an SA533B1 low-alloy steel under both constant load and constant stress conditions. Using the measured minimum creep strain rates as a function of stress and temperature, least-square fittings were made into a Bailey-Norton-type power law equation. Based on the constant stress test results, a constitutive equation was developed for steady-state creep. The constitutive equation was then implemented in elastic-viscoplastic analysis of the lower head of a pressurized water reactor's reactor pressure vessel using a commercial FEM code named ABAQUS 5.8. The FEM model was validated using measured data from the lower head failure experiment conducted at the Sandia National Laboratories. The FEM model using the creep constitutive equation was shown to be capable of accurately predicting the lower head deformation behavior. Additional work, however, is needed to rationalize apparent inconsistency between the constant load data and constant stress data. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305353, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jeong, KJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, San 56-1, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 143 IS 3 BP 347 EP 357 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714PB UT WOS:000184921700009 ER PT J AU Hannoun, N Alexiades, V Mai, TZ AF Hannoun, N Alexiades, V Mai, TZ TI Resolving the controversy over tin and gallium melting in a rectangular cavity heated from the side SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CHANGE PROBLEMS; COUPLED FLOW FORMULATION; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; NATURAL-CONVECTION; VERTICAL WALL; PURE METAL; SOLIDIFICATION; ENCLOSURE; TEMPERATURE AB "Is the flow monocellular or multicellular?" This question was first raised by Dantzig 13 years ago. It was about the nature of the fluid flow for the gallium melting problem in a rectangular cavity heated from the side. Following Dantzig's work, several publications have appeared on the same problem, with fewer than a handfull reporting a multicellular structure. To date, all experimental results support the monocellular structure, yet some researchers claim that the monocellular solution is incorrect. A similar controversy was reported for the problem of tin melting, suggested in 1998 as a benchmark problem. Several arguments have been suggested to explain the discrepancies, but there does not seem to be a commonly accepted answer to the problem in the scientific community. In this work, we summarize earlier works and present a grid-refinement study for several discretization schemes with emphasis on tin melting and some results for gallium melting. Simulations are carried out with the enthalpy method. The flow cell structure is analyzed in detail, while some results are provided for the heat transfer and the melting rate. Our results show that the multicellular structure is the correct numerical solution and that the flow structure has a strong influence on other features of the solution. We also provide a detailed discussion of earlier results in order to clarify important issues and bring a final answer to the controversy. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Math, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Hannoun, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 43 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3 BP 253 EP 276 DI 10.1080/10407790390226974 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 708NY UT WOS:000184575700003 ER PT J AU Williams, RS Lincoln, DE Norby, RJ AF Williams, RS Lincoln, DE Norby, RJ TI Development of gypsy moth larvae feeding on red maple saplings at elevated CO2 and temperature SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE elevated temperature; pupal weight; Lymantria dispar; Acer rubrum; global climate change ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; INSECT PERFORMANCE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DECIDUOUS TREES; INCREASING CO2; NITROGEN; GROWTH; FOREST; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; RESPONSES AB Predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 and global mean temperature may alter important plant-insect associations due to the direct effects of temperature on insect development and the indirect effects of elevated temperature and CO2 enrichment on phytochemicals important for insect success. We investigated the effects of CO2 and temperature on the interaction between gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) saplings by bagging first instar larvae within open-top chambers at four CO2/temperature treatments: (1) ambient temperature, ambient CO2, (2) ambient temperature, elevated CO2 (+300 mul l(-1) CO2), (3) elevated temperature (+3.5degreesC), ambient CO2, and (4) elevated temperature, elevated CO2. Larvae were reared to pupation and leaf samples taken biweekly to determine levels of total N, water, non-structural carbohydrates, and an estimate of defensive phenolic compounds in three age classes of foliage: (1) immature, (2) mid-mature and (3) mature. Elevated growth temperature marginally reduced (P <0.1) leaf N and significantly reduced (P <0.05) leaf water across CO2 treatments in mature leaves, whereas leaves grown at elevated CO2 concentration had a significant decrease in leaf N and a significant increase in the ratio of starch:N and total non-structural carbohydrates:N. Leaf N and water decreased and starch:N and total non-structural carbohydrates:N ratios increased as leaves aged. Phenolics were unaffected by CO2 or temperature treatment. There were no interactive effects of CO2 and temperature on any phytochemical measure. Gypsy moth larvae reached pupation earlier at the elevated temperature (female =8 days, P <0.07; male =7.5 days, P <0.03), whereas mortality and pupal fresh weight of insects were unrelated to either CO2, temperature or their interaction. Our data show that CO2 or temperature-induced alterations in leaf constituents had no effect on insect performance; instead, the long-term exposure to a 3.5degreesC increase in temperature shortened insect development but had no effect on pupal weight. It appears that in some tree-herbivorous insect systems the direct effects of an increased global mean temperature may have greater consequences for altering plant-insect interactions than the indirect effects of an increased temperature or CO2 concentration on leaf constituents. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Williams, RS (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, 572 Rivers St,POB 32027, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 FU NCI NIH HHS [UA/96UOSC12] NR 52 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2003 VL 137 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1327-z PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 727RZ UT WOS:000185674200014 PM 12844253 ER PT J AU Mercere, P Zeitoun, P Idir, M Le Pape, S Douillet, D Levecq, X Dovillaire, G Bucourt, S Goldberg, KA Naulleau, PP Rekawa, S AF Mercere, P Zeitoun, P Idir, M Le Pape, S Douillet, D Levecq, X Dovillaire, G Bucourt, S Goldberg, KA Naulleau, PP Rekawa, S TI Hartmann wave-front measurement at 13.4 nm with lambda(EUV)/120 accuracy SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER AB We report, for the first time to our knowledge, experimental demonstration of wave-front analysis via the Hartmann technique in the extreme ultraviolet range. The reference wave front needed to calibrate the sensor was generated by spatially filtering a focused undulator beam with 1.7- and 0.6-mum-diameter pinholes. To fully characterize the sensor, accuracy and sensitivity measurements were performed. The incident beam's wavelength was varied from 7 to 25 nm. Measurements of accuracy better than lambda(EUV)/120 (0.11 nm) were obtained at lambda(EUV) = 13.4 nm. The aberrations introduced by an additional thin mirror, as well as wave front of the spatially unfiltered incident beam, were also measured. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Paris 11, Lab Interact Rayonnement X Avec Mat, F-91405 Orsay, France. Imagine Opt, F-91400 Orsay, France. Ecole Natl Super Tech Avancees, Ecole Polytech, Lab Opt Appliquee, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mercere, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Lab Interact Rayonnement X Avec Mat, Batiment 350, F-91405 Orsay, France. NR 8 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 17 BP 1534 EP 1536 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001534 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 713CB UT WOS:000184836900012 PM 12956370 ER PT J AU Grondalski, J James, DFV AF Grondalski, J James, DFV TI Is there a fundamental limitation on the measurement of spatial coherence for highly incoherent fields? SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL SOURCES; OPTICS; LIGHT AB We investigate a fundamental limitation on, the measurement of spatial coherence for highly incoherent fields. We model the near-field detection scheme, required for such a measurement, with pointlike induced dipoles. We find that this fully vector model sets a characteristic length scale beyond which the spatial eoherence of an optical field cannot be accurately measured. This length scale forms an uncertainty relationship with the photodetector integration time. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grondalski, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, T-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 18 BP 1630 EP 1632 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001630 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 717VR UT WOS:000185111900004 PM 13677518 ER PT J AU Carr, DW Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA AF Carr, DW Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA TI Laterally deformable nanomechanical zeroth-order gratings: anomalous diffraction studie by rigorous coupled-wave analysis SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPLEMENTATION; RESONANCE AB We describe a novel optomechanical device that produces strong reflectance and polarization modulation of incident light. The structure is based on a suspended nanomechanical grating with-lateral deformability, and rigorous coupled-wave analysis has been used-to,fully model the optical properties of the device. The grating consists of two interdigitated gratings that m ay be moved with respect to each other with an applied force. The structures proposed here are designed to be readily manufacturable with device processing developed for surface-micromachined microelectromechanical systems and with known microelectromechanical systems materials, such as silicon, silicon nitride,and amorphous diamond. As the spacing, of the grating is changed, an anomalous diffraction effect is observed, a Wood's type anomaly in which there exists a resonance in propagating leaky modes within the grating, resulting in a, dramatic change in the reflectance characteristics for slight changes in the gratin. One of the unique features of this, structure. is that a reflected optical signal can be used to detect subangstrom in-plane motion of structures greater than 10 nm. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carr, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 18 BP 1636 EP 1638 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001636 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 717VR UT WOS:000185111900006 PM 13677520 ER PT J AU Lin, SY Fleming, JG El-Kady, I AF Lin, SY Fleming, JG El-Kady, I TI Highly efficient light emission at lambda=1.5 mu m by a three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; EDGE AB For what is believed to be the first time, a three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal is demonstrated to emit light effectively at wavelength lambda = 1.5 mum. At a bias of V = 7 V, the thermal emission exhibits a full width at half-maximum of Deltalambda = 0.85 mum. Within this narrow band, the emitted optical power is 4.5 W and the electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency is similar to22% per emitting surface. This unique emission is made possible by a large, absolute bandgap in the infrared lambda and flat photonic dispersion near the band edges and in a narrow absorption band. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 NR 17 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 18 BP 1683 EP 1685 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001683 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 717VR UT WOS:000185111900022 PM 13677536 ER PT J AU Mikhailovsky, AA Petruska, MA Stockman, MI Klimov, VI AF Mikhailovsky, AA Petruska, MA Stockman, MI Klimov, VI TI Broadband near-field interference spectroscopy of metal nanoparticles using a femtosecond white-light continuum SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; ILLUMINATION AB We demonstrate a new nanoscale spectroscopic technique that combines subwavelength near-field imaging with broadband interference spectroscopy. We apply this technique to study phase spectra of surface plasmons in individual gold nanoparticles and nanoparticle dimers. Collective plasmon oscillations in selected nanostructures are excited by a femtosecond white-light continuum transmitted through a subwavelength aperture. The interference spectra detected in the far field result from the coherent superposition of the aperture field and the secondary field re-emitted by the nanostructure. The analysis of these spectra allows us to accurately measure the positions and damping constants of single-nanostructure plasmon resonances. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Mikhailovsky, AA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 18 BP 1686 EP 1688 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001686 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 717VR UT WOS:000185111900023 PM 13677537 ER PT J AU Cheng, JF Pennacchio, LA AF Cheng, JF Pennacchio, LA TI Comparative and functional analysis of cardiovascular-related genes SO PHARMACOGENOMICS LA English DT Review DE apolipoprotein; BAC; cardiovascular; comparative genomics; gene regulation; orthology; PGA; phylogenetic shadowing; VISTA ID SPECIES SEQUENCE COMPARISONS; LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR GENE; ENHANCER ACTIVITY; HUMAN GENOME; MOUSE; REGIONS; TOOLS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; ALIGNMENTS AB The ability to detect putative cis-regulatory elements in cardiovascular-related genes has been accelerated by the availability of genomic sequence data from numerous vertebrate species and the recent development of comparative genomic tools. This improvement is anticipated to lead to a better understanding of the complex regulatory architecture of cardiovascular (CV) genes and how genetic variants in these non-coding regions can potentially play a role in cardiovascular disease. This manuscript reviews a recently established database dedicated to the comparative sequence analysis of 250 human CV genes of known importance, 37 of which currently contain sequence comparison data for organisms beyond those of human, mouse and rat. These data have provided a glimpse into the variety of possible insights from deep vertebrate sequence comparisons and the identification of putative gene regulatory elements. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Cheng, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, MS 84-171,1 Clayton Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 66728, HL 071954 A] NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHLEY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1462-2416 J9 PHARMACOGENOMICS JI Pharmacogenomics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 4 IS 5 BP 571 EP 582 DI 10.1517/phgs.4.5.571.23794 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 720YG UT WOS:000185289800004 PM 12943465 ER PT J AU Billah, ARB Wang, B Awwal, AAS AF Billah, ARB Wang, B Awwal, AAS TI Effective traffic grooming algorithms in SONET/WDM ring networks SO PHOTONIC NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE SONET/WDM rings; traffic grooming; ADM lower bounds; distance-dependent traffic; non-uniform traffic ID WDM RINGS; WAVELENGTH ASSIGNMENT; ADD-DROP AB Much work has focused on traffic grooming in SONET/WDM ring networks. Previous work has considered many aspects of traffic grooming, including minimizing the number of ADMs, minimizing the number of wavelengths, considering different traffic models, using different network architectures, incorporating switching capability and so on. In this work, we study traffic grooming in unidirectional ring networks with no switching capability under both uniform traffic and non-uniform traffic models to reduce electronic multiplexing costs. Based on the clustering notion, we derive a general and tighter lower bound for the number of ADMs required in traffic grooming under the uniform all-to-all traffic model. This bound reduces to special cases obtained in previous work. We also derive general, tighter, and closed form lower bounds for the number of ADMs required under two non-uniform traffic models: the distance-dependent traffic model and the non-uniform symmetric traffic model. Cost-effective multi-phase algorithms that exploit traffic characteristics are then designed and studied to efficiently groom traffic teams under different traffic models. Our numerical and simulation results show that the proposed multi-phase algorithms outperform existing traffic grooming algorithms by using a fewer number of ADMs. Our algorithms in several cases also achieve the lower bounds derived. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM bwang@cs.wright.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1387-974X EI 1572-8188 J9 PHOTONIC NETW COMMUN JI Photonic Netw. Commun. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 119 EP 138 DI 10.1023/A:1024779029796 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Optics; Telecommunications GA 701WF UT WOS:000184191400003 ER PT J AU Kevrekidis, PG Malomed, BA Saxena, A Bishop, AR Frantzeskakis, DJ AF Kevrekidis, PG Malomed, BA Saxena, A Bishop, AR Frantzeskakis, DJ TI Higher-order lattice diffraction: solitons in the discrete NLS equation with next-nearest-neighbor interactions SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE next-nearest-neighbor interactions; twisted localized modes; discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation ID NONLOCAL DISPERSIVE INTERACTIONS; NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; QUASI-PERIODIC BREATHERS; WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; LOCALIZED EXCITATIONS; EXISTENCE; STABILITY; SYSTEMS; CHAINS; DECAY AB We introduce a general model of a one-dimensional dynamical lattice with the on-site cubic nonlinearity and both nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) linear interactions between lattice sites (i.e., a generalized discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation). Unlike some previously considered cases, our model includes a complex coefficient of the NNN interaction, which applies, e.g., to optical waveguide arrays, where fields in adjacent cores may be phase shifted. The application to optical arrays is especially important in the case in which the effective lattice diffraction coefficient generated by the NN coupling is close to zero, which may be achieved by means of the so-called diffraction management. Three types of fundamental solitons are considered: site-centered and intersite-centered ones, and twisted localized modes (TLMs). It is found that, with the increase of the imaginary part of the NNN coupling constant, site-centered solitons lose their stability, but then regain it. The instability region disappears if the real part of the NNN coupling constant is negative and sufficiently large. If the site-centered soliton is unstable, it rearranges itself into a quasi-periodic (in time) breathing soliton. Intersite-centered solitons cannot be fully stabilized by the NNN interactions. TLM solitons are stable in a limited parametric region, then they become unstable, and eventually disappear. Direct simulations of the evolution of the intersite-centered solitons and unstable TLMs show that the instability reshapes them into site-centered solitons with intrinsic vibrations (breathers). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Interdisciplinary Studies, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Optoelect Res Ctr, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 183 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(03)00178-7 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 717YT UT WOS:000185118900005 ER PT J AU Fonseca, FC Souza, JA Jardim, RF Muccillo, R Muccillo, ENS Gouvea, D Jung, MH Lacerda, AH AF Fonseca, FC Souza, JA Jardim, RF Muccillo, R Muccillo, ENS Gouvea, D Jung, MH Lacerda, AH TI Transport properties and phase separation in La0.6Y0.1Ca0.3MnO3 ceramics SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; DOPED MANGANITES; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; MN AB The electrical resistivity rho(T), magnetization M(T), magnetoresistivity rho(T, H), and the impedance spectroscopy Z(omega, T) of the polycrystalline La0.6Y0.1Ca0.3MnO3 compound were investigated. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural characterization. The results show that the sample is single phase and has average grain size of similar to0.5 mum. rho(T, H) and Z(omega, T) transport data revealed that the material undergoes a metal-insulator transition at T-CR similar to 175 K. In addition, the deconvolution of Z(omega, T) data indicates two well defined contributions to the electrical resistivity occurring at low and high frequencies. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant associated with the low frequency component exhibits a percolation-like phase transition at T-CR similar to 175 K. The normalized rho(T, H) data exhibit features of colossal magnetoresistivity CMR phenomenon. The combined results suggest that the transport properties of these manganites, assessed through macroscopic techniques, can provide some insights regarding the metal-insulator transition, which have been confirmed by spectroscopic measurements. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. IPEN, CCTM, CMDMC, BR-05422970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Politecn, Dept Met & Mat Engn, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jardim, RF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. EM rjardim@if.usp.br RI Souza, Jose/G-5555-2012; Gouvea, Douglas/E-4041-2013; Muccillo, R. /G-8440-2012; Jardim, Renato/J-8068-2014; Fonseca, Fabio/C-8361-2009; Muccillo, Eliana/C-2959-2012 OI Souza, Jose/0000-0002-6832-3581; Gouvea, Douglas/0000-0003-3607-8793; Muccillo, R. /0000-0002-8598-279X; Jardim, Renato/0000-0002-2000-0257; Fonseca, Fabio/0000-0003-0708-2021; Muccillo, Eliana/0000-0001-9219-388X NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 199 IS 2 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1002/pssa.200306629 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 728NM UT WOS:000185723300015 ER PT J AU Draeger, EW Grossman, JC Williamson, AJ Galli, G AF Draeger, EW Grossman, JC Williamson, AJ Galli, G TI Synthesis dynamics of passivated silicon nanoclusters SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Motorola Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics CY NOV 14-15, 2002 CL TEMPE, ARIZONA ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; QUANTUM DOTS; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSITIONS; CLUSTERS AB The effect of preparation conditions on the structural and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles is investigated using first-principles molecular dynamics and quantum Monte Carlo techniques. We find that high-temperature synthesis processes can produce kinetically-limited nanostructures with different core structures than bulk-derived crystalline clusters. These nanoparticles have optical gaps in better agreement with experimental measurements than crystalline clusters of the same size. The type of core structure that forms from a given synthesis process may depend on the passivation mechanism and time scale. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Draeger, EW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 239 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1002/pssb.200303232 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720YF UT WOS:000185289700002 ER PT J AU Leonard, F AF Leonard, F TI Short-wavelength charge oscillations in semiconducting carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Motorola Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics CY NOV 14-15, 2002 CL TEMPE, ARIZONA ID DEVICES AB Self-consistent tight-binding calculations for Carbon Nanotube devices have shown large oscillations of the charge from atom to atom. To explain this effect, we present a linear response theory for semiconducting carbon nanotubes subject to an external electrostatic potential perturbation. Within tight-binding theory, it is demonstrated that the large charge oscillations originate from the polyatomic nature of the unit cell. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Leonard, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9161, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 239 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1002/pssb.200303235 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720YF UT WOS:000185289700011 ER PT J AU Barnum, H Knill, E Ortiz, G Viola, L AF Barnum, H Knill, E Ortiz, G Viola, L TI Generalizations of entanglement based on coherent states and convex sets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MINIMAL UNCERTAINTY; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; BELLS THEOREM; SYSTEMS AB Unentangled pure states on a bipartite system are exactly the coherent states with respect to the group of local transformations. What aspects of the study of entanglement are applicable to generalized coherent states? Conversely, what can be learned about entanglement from the well-studied theory of coherent states? With these questions in mind, we characterize unentangled pure states as extremal states when considered as linear functionals on the local Lie algebra. As a result, a relativized notion of purity emerges, showing that there is a close relationship between purity, coherence, and (non)entanglement. To a large extent, these concepts can be defined and studied in the even more general setting of convex cones of states. Based on the idea that entanglement is relative, we suggest considering these notions in the context of partially ordered families of Lie algebras or convex cones, such as those that arise naturally for multipartite systems. The study of entanglement includes notions of local operations and, for information-theoretic purposes, entanglement measures and ways of scaling systems to enable asymptotic developments. We propose ways in which these may be generalized to the Lie-algebraic setting and, to a lesser extent, to the convex-cones setting. One of our motivations for this program is to understand the role of entanglementlike concepts in condensed matter. We discuss how our work provides tools for analyzing the correlations involved in quantum phase transitions and other aspects of condensed-matter systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnum, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM barnum@lanl.gov; knill@lanl.gov; g_ortiz@lanl.gov; lviola@lanl.gov NR 84 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 032308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.032308 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700026 ER PT J AU Bedaque, PF Bulgac, A Rupak, G AF Bedaque, PF Bulgac, A Rupak, G TI Quantum corrections to dilute Bose liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESONANTLY-INTERACTING PARTICLES; EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; FESHBACH RESONANCES; SCATTERING LENGTH; ATOMIC GAS; COLLISIONS; SYSTEM; FIELDS; LIGHT AB It was recently shown [A. Bulgac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050402 (2002)] that an entirely new class of quantum liquids with widely tunable properties could be manufactured from bosons, fermions, and their mixtures by controlling their interaction properties by means of a Feshbach resonance. Since the quantum fluctuations in this regime could, in principle, destabilize these objects, we extend the previous mean-field analysis of these quantum liquids by computing the lowest-order quantum corrections to the ground-state energy and the depletion of the Bose-Einstein condensate and by estimating the higher-order corrections as well. We show that the quantum corrections are relatively small, do not lead to the destabilization of the droplets and are controlled by the diluteness parameter rootn\a\(3)much less than1, even though strictly speaking in this case there is no low density expansion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bedaque, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.033606 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700093 ER PT J AU Bell, NF Sawyer, RF Volkas, RR Wong, YYY AF Bell, NF Sawyer, RF Volkas, RR Wong, YYY TI State permutations from manipulation of near-level-crossings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PARADOX AB We discuss some systematic methods for implementing state manipulations in systems formally similar to chains of a few spins with nearest-neighbor interactions, arranged such that there are strong and weak scales of coupling links. States are permuted by means of bias potentials applied to a few selected sites. This generic structure is then related to an atoms-in-a-cavity model that has been proposed in the literature as a way of achieving a decoherence-free subspace. A method using adiabatically varying laser detuning to implement a controlled NOT gate in this model is proposed. C1 NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, High Energy Phys Res Ctr, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bell, NF (reprint author), NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 032307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.032307 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700025 ER PT J AU Blume-Kohout, R Zurek, WH AF Blume-Kohout, R Zurek, WH TI Decoherence from a chaotic environment: An upside-down "oscillator" as a model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM BROWNIAN-MOTION; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLARIZATION ECHOES; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; ATTENUATION; SIGNATURES; MATRIX AB Chaotic evolutions exhibit exponential sensitivity to initial conditions. This suggests that even very small perturbations resulting from weak coupling of a quantum chaotic environment to the position of a system whose state is a nonlocal superposition will lead to rapid decoherence. However, it is also known that quantum counterparts of classically chaotic systems lose exponential sensitivity to initial conditions, so this expectation of enhanced decoherence is by no means obvious. We analyze decoherence due to a "toy" quantum environment that is analytically solvable, yet displays the crucial phenomenon of exponential sensitivity to perturbations. We show that such an environment, with a single degree of freedom, can be far more effective at destroying quantum coherence than a heat bath with infinitely many degrees of freedom. This also means that the standard "quantum Brownian motion" model for a decohering environment may not be as universally applicable as it once was conjectured to be. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blume-Kohout, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 032104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.032104 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700017 ER PT J AU Cabauy, P Benioff, P AF Cabauy, P Benioff, P TI Cyclic networks of quantum gates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK; CIRCUITS; ROBOTS AB In this paper initial steps in an analysis of cyclic networks of quantum logic gates will be given. Cyclic networks are those in which the qubit lines are loops. In our investigations of cyclic networks of quantum gates we have studied one- and two-qubit systems plus two-qubit systems connected to another qubit on an acyclic line. The analysis includes classifying networks into groups, the dynamics of the qubits in the cyclic network, and the perturbation effects of an acyclic qubit acting on a cyclic network of quantum gates. This will be followed by a discussion on quantum algorithms and quantum information processing with cyclic networks of quantum gates. An implementation of a cyclic network quantum memory and quantum sensors via cyclic networks will also be discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Appl Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cabauy, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cabauy@umich.edu; pbenioff@anl.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 032315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.032315 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700033 ER PT J AU Cohen, JS AF Cohen, JS TI Effect of tunneling on ionization of Rydberg states in intense fields: Hydrogenic atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-FIELD; THRESHOLDS; DYNAMICS; LIMIT AB The ionization probabilities of hydrogenic Rydberg states in intense fields are calculated using a trajectory method, which was previously shown to be accurate for ionization of the ground-state hydrogen atom [J. S. Cohen, Phys. Rev. A 64, 043412 (2001)]. It is found that the ionization probability approaches the classical over-the-barrier probability for sufficiently large n quantum numbers, but that tunneling still significantly decreases the onset field strengths at surprisingly high n. Calculations are done for ns, np(0), and np(+/-) targets, subjected to sudden and adiabatically ramped pulses in the long-wavelength limit. The dependence on the angular-momentum projection m along the field axis is also examined for circular orbits. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cohen, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.033409 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700084 ER PT J AU Mroczkowski, T Savin, DW Rejoub, R Krstic, PS Havener, CC AF Mroczkowski, T Savin, DW Rejoub, R Krstic, PS Havener, CC TI Electron capture by Ne(2+) ions from atomic hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTIONS; MERGED-BEAMS; COLLISIONS; IONIZATION; EXCITATION; ENERGIES AB Using a merged-beam technique, the absolute, total electron-capture cross section has been measured for collisions of Ne(2+) ions with hydrogen (deuterium) atoms at collision energies between 139 and 1490 eV/u. These data are compared to three other published measurements, two of which differ from one another by a factor greater than two. Early quantal rate coefficient calculations for Ne(2+) ions with hydrogen at eV/u energies predict a cross section many orders of magnitude below the previously measured cross section at 40 eV/u. A possible explanation is given for the discrepancy between theory and experiment. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mroczkowski, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM tony@astro.columbia.edu; savin@astro.columbia.edu; havenercc@ornl.gov RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012; OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 032721 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.032721 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700069 ER PT J AU Viola, L Knill, E AF Viola, L Knill, E TI Verification procedures for quantum noiseless subsystems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DECOHERENCE-FREE SUBSPACES; ERROR-CORRECTING CODES; COMPUTATION AB We examine the problem of verifying the implementation of a desired noiseless subsystem from a quantum error-correcting perspective. General conditions are identified, under which the verification of error-correcting behavior against a linear set of errors epsilon suffices for the verification of noiseless subsystems of an error algebra A contained in epsilon. From a practical standpoint, our results imply that the verification of a noiseless subsystem need not require the explicit verification of noiseless behavior for all possible initial states of the syndrome subsystem. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Viola, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 032311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.032311 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700029 ER PT J AU Ahn, KH Lookman, T Saxena, A Bishop, AR AF Ahn, KH Lookman, T Saxena, A Bishop, AR TI Atomic scale lattice distortions and domain wall profiles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; NANOTUBES AB We present an atomic scale theory of lattice distortions using strain-related variables and their constraint equations. Our approach connects constrained atomic length scale variations to continuum elasticity and describes elasticity at several length scales. We apply the approach to a two-dimensional square lattice with a monatomic basis and find the elastic deformations and hierarchical atomic relaxations in the vicinity of a domain wall between two different homogeneous strain states. We clarify the microscopic origin of gradient terms, some of which are included phenomenologically in Ginzburg-Landau theory, by showing that they are anisotropic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ahn, KH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 092101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.092101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600001 ER PT J AU Barrow, JA Cook, BA Canfield, PC Sordelet, DJ AF Barrow, JA Cook, BA Canfield, PC Sordelet, DJ TI High-temperature thermal transport properties of a single-grain decagonal Al74Ni10Co16 quasicrystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAT AB Thermal transport properties have been determined for a decagonal Al74Ni10Co16 quasicrystal in the temperature range 373-873 K. Differential scanning calorimetry and a laser flash method were employed in the determination of heat capacity and thermal diffusivity, respectively. Thermal conductivity was determined from the product of diffusivity, heat capacity, and density. A high degree of anisotropy was observed between the aperiodic and periodic axes. The anisotropic heat flow is described using the thermal ellipsoid model. The model was applied to a surface oriented 45degrees to the major axes and substantiated from bulk measurements obtained from a sample cut along this orientation. Within this temperature range, the thermal transport of this two-dimensional quasicrystal may be described in a manner similar to anisotropic metallic single crystals. C1 Ames Lab, Mat Chem Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barrow, JA (reprint author), Ames Lab, Mat Chem Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104202 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000029 ER PT J AU Bazhanov, VV Lukyanov, SL Tsvelik, AM AF Bazhanov, VV Lukyanov, SL Tsvelik, AM TI Analytical results for the Coqblin-Schrieffer model with generalized magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC BETHE-ANSATZ; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; INTEGRABLE STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL FIELDS; KONDO PROBLEM; ALLOYS; IMPURITIES; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS AB Using the approach alternative to the traditional thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, we derive analytical expressions for the free energy of Coqblin-Schrieffer model with arbitrary magnetic and crystal fields. In the Appendix we calculate the zero-temperature magnetic susceptibility for two concrete crystal-field patterns. One of the patterns describes the field generated crossover from the SU(4) to the SU(2) symmetry in the SU(4)-symmetric model. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Kyoto Univ, Math Sci Res Inst, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bazhanov, VV (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Bazhanov, Vladimir/C-8041-2014 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.094427 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600076 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Gorshkov, VN Rugar, D Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Gorshkov, VN Rugar, D Tsifrinovich, VI TI Spin relaxation caused by thermal excitations of high-frequency modes of cantilever vibrations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE-FORCE-MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB We consider the process of spin relaxation in the oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals technique in magnetic-resonance force microscopy. We simulated the spin relaxation caused by thermal excitations of the high-frequency cantilever modes in the region of the Rabi frequency of the spin subsystem. The minimum relaxation time obtained in our simulations is greater than but of the same order of magnitude as one measured in recent experiments. We demonstrated that using a cantilever with nonuniform cross-sectional area may significantly increase spin-relaxation time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649 NR 8 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.094402 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600051 ER PT J AU Bhaseen, MJ Tsvelik, AM AF Bhaseen, MJ Tsvelik, AM TI SU(N) evolution of a frustrated spin ladder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CLASSICAL LIE-ALGEBRAS; LARGE-N LIMIT; HUBBARD-MODEL; FORM-FACTORS; S-MATRIX; LATTICE; CHAINS; ANTIFERROMAGNET; DIMERIZATION; TRANSITION AB Recent studies indicate that the weakly coupled, J(perpendicular to)<2 cases. The absence of single-particle peaks preserves the notion of spinons stabilized by frustration. In contrast to the ladder, we note that the N-->infinity limit of the four chain model is not a trivial free theory. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.094405 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600054 ER PT J AU Bud'ko, SL Strand, JD Anderson, NE Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC AF Bud'ko, SL Strand, JD Anderson, NE Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC TI Evolution from long-range order to Kondo lattice in Gd1-xYbxNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING LUNI2B2C; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HEAVY-FERMION; SPIN-GLASS; SYSTEM; NI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTIVITY; TEMPERATURE AB The evolution from a local moment, magnetically ordered ground state (below 20 K), in GdNi2B2C to a Kondo lattice in YbNi2B2C compounds (gammaapproximate to530 mJ/mol K-2, T-N<0.03 K) was studied on single crystals of the Gd1-xYbxNi2B2C series by thermodynamic and transport measurements with particular attention to the concentration range in which there is the development of a spin-glass state. Results are compared with an example of magnetic to nonmagnetic rare-earth dilution in the Gd1-xLuxNi2B2C series. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104417 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000052 ER PT J AU Calderon, MJ Millis, AJ Ahn, KH AF Calderon, MJ Millis, AJ Ahn, KH TI Strain selection of charge and orbital ordering patterns in half-doped manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID JAHN-TELLER; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MANGANESE OXIDES; PHASE-SEPARATION; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3 AB Theoretical and computational results are presented clarifying the role of long-ranged strain interactions in determining the charge and orbital ordering in colossal magnetoresistance manganites. The strain energy contribution is found to be of order 20-30 meV/Mn and in particular stabilizes the anomalous "zigzag chain" order observed in many half-doped manganites. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Calderon, Maria Jose/A-4888-2009 OI Calderon, Maria Jose/0000-0001-5827-4731 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 100401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.100401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000003 ER PT J AU Chisolm, ED Crockett, SD Wallace, DC AF Chisolm, ED Crockett, SD Wallace, DC TI Test of a theoretical equation of state for elemental solids and liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; SHOCK COMPRESSION; ALUMINUM; COPPER AB We propose a means for constructing highly accurate equations of state (EOS) for elemental solids and liquids essentially from first principles, based upon a particular decomposition of the underlying condensed matter Hamiltonian for the nuclei and electrons. We also point out that at low pressures the neglect of anharmonic and electron-phonon terms, both contained in this formalism, results in errors of less than 5% in the thermal parts of the thermodynamic functions. Then we explicitly display the forms of the remaining terms in the EOS, commenting on the use of experiment and electronic structure theory to evaluate them. We also construct an EOS for aluminum and compare the resulting Hugoniot curve with data up to 5 Mbar, both to illustrate our method and to see whether the approximation of neglecting anharmonicity etc. remains viable to such high pressures. We find a level of agreement with experiment that is consistent with the low-pressure results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104103 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000022 ER PT J AU Eisebitt, S Lorgen, M Eberhardt, W Luning, J Stohr, J Rettner, CT Hellwig, O Fullerton, EE Denbeaux, G AF Eisebitt, S Lorgen, M Eberhardt, W Luning, J Stohr, J Rettner, CT Hellwig, O Fullerton, EE Denbeaux, G TI Polarization effects in coherent scattering from magnetic specimen: Implications for x-ray holography, lensless imaging, and correlation spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; RADIATION; PHASE; FILMS AB We present resonant coherent small-angle scattering from sub-mum magnetic domains in an in-line holography geometry. By varying the polarization of the incident soft x rays the interference between the reference wave propagating from a pinhole and scattered object wave can be switched "on" or "off." The reference-object interference contribution in the scattering can be isolated by combining measurements with right and left circular polarizations. The implications for spatial and temporal interference experiments of magnetic specimen such as holography, lensless imaging, or photon correlation spectroscopy are discussed. C1 BESSY mbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95037 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eisebitt, S (reprint author), BESSY mbH, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104419 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000054 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Singh, DJ Kendziora, C Mandrus, D Sales, BC AF Feldman, JL Singh, DJ Kendziora, C Mandrus, D Sales, BC TI Lattice dynamics of filled skutterudites: La(Fe,Co)(4)Sb-12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; REFLECTION SPECTRA; SILICON; COSB3; CE; DEPENDENCE AB Materials for thermoelectric application should have low lattice thermal conductivities. Here we use a comparison of theoretical calculations and Raman spectroscopy to study the lattice dynamics of a La filled skutterudite and identify the Raman active modes. Polarized Raman spectra from polycrystalline La0.75Fe3CoSb12 are presented. First principles calculations of atomic forces generated by small displacements from the ideal skutterudite structure are utilized in a least squares procedure to evaluate the general force constant tensors. These are used to predict the normal mode frequencies and displacement patterns. The relative Raman intensity for each vibration is then estimated using a bond polarizability model. We find that both the centers of gravity of the eight symmetry-allowed Raman peaks and their relative intensities are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. This agreement supports our mode assignments, particularly for those of A(g) symmetry, which exhibit a strong polarization dependence. The "rattling" vibrations of interstitial La are expected to be Raman inactive for an ideal fully filled material and are not observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 48 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.094301 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600048 ER PT J AU Golubov, AA Koshelev, AE AF Golubov, AA Koshelev, AE TI Upper critical field in dirty two-band superconductors: Breakdown of the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MGB2; PARAMETERS; HEAT AB We investigate the upper critical field in a dirty two-band superconductor within quasiclassical Usadel equations. The regime of very high anisotropy in the quasi-2D band, relevant for MgB2, is considered. We show that strong disparities in pairing interactions and diffusion constant anisotropies for two bands influence the in-plane H-c2 in a different way at high and low temperatures. This causes temperature-dependent H-c2 anisotropy, in accordance with recent experimental data in MgB2. The three-dimensional band most strongly influences the in-plane H-c2 near T-c, in the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) region. However, due to a very large difference between the c-axis coherence lengths in the two bands, the GL theory is applicable only in an extremely narrow temperature range near T-c. The angular dependence of H-c2 deviates from a simple effective-mass law even near T-c. C1 Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 45 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104503 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000074 ER PT J AU Goncharov, AF Gregoryanz, E Hemley, RJ Mao, HK AF Goncharov, AF Gregoryanz, E Hemley, RJ Mao, HK TI Molecular character of the metallic high-pressure phase of oxygen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID OXYGEN; EPSILON-PHASE; GPA; HYDROGEN; DIFFRACTION AB We report Raman measurements of solid oxygen under high static pressures up to 134 GPa through the transition to the metallic phase. Contrary to previous studies, we observed a moderate decrease in intensity of the Raman vibron at the transition, which allows us to characterize unambiguously the metallic phase as a molecular solid. The transition involves a change in lattice of molecular centers and a possible reorientation of the molecules together with a relatively weak change in molecular bonding. We observed a large pressure range of phase coexistence and hysteresis of the transformation. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Mineral Cristallog Paris, Paris, France. RP Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 100102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.100102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000002 ER PT J AU Hagel, J Wosnitza, J Pfleiderer, C Schlueter, JA Mohtasham, J Gard, GL AF Hagel, J Wosnitza, J Pfleiderer, C Schlueter, JA Mohtasham, J Gard, GL TI Pressure-induced insulating state in an organic superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-DEPENDENT MAGNETORESISTANCE; BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BEDT-TTF; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; FERMI-SURFACE; T-C; BETA''-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 AB The electronic-transport properties of the quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductor beta(')-(BEDT-TTF)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3, where BEDT-TTF stands for bisethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene, have been investigated in magnetic fields up to 15 T and under hydrostatic pressure up to about 14 kbars. Shubnikov-de Haas data reveal a nonmonotonic pressure dependence of the holelike Fermi surface, a roughly linear increase of the electron g factor, and an approximately linear decrease of the cyclotron effective mass. By assuming that the latter reflects the pressure-induced reduction of the superconducting coupling parameter lambda the rapid reduction of the superconducting transition temperature T-c(p) can be reasonably well described by the modified McMillan equation. Above about 12 kbars the material becomes insulating with an activated resistive behavior. This first-order metal-insulator transition has a hysteresis of about 3 kbars. This unexpected behavior is assumed to be of structural origin, although clear changes of electronic band-structure properties precede the phase transition. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RI Pfleiderer, Christian/P-3575-2014 NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104504 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000075 ER PT J AU Hatch, DM Lookman, T Saxena, A Shenoy, SR AF Hatch, DM Lookman, T Saxena, A Shenoy, SR TI Proper ferroelastic transitions in two dimensions: Anisotropic long-range kernels, domain wall orientations, and microstructure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TRANSFORMATION; BOUNDARIES AB For structural transitions with strain serving as the transition primary order parameter (proper ferroelastics), we obtain 23 proper ferroelastic transitions in two dimensions and derive distinct "elastic compatibility" kernels that specify anisotropic, long-range order-parameter interactions. These kernels influence possible domain-wall orientations, local rotations, and parent-product interfaces in two-dimensional ferroelastics. Using the approach described here, these results can be extended to two-dimensional improper ferroelastics and three-dimensional proper/improper ferroelastics. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. RP Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104105 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000024 ER PT J AU Kogan, VG AF Kogan, VG TI Meissner response of anisotropic superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LONDON PENETRATION DEPTH; MUTUAL INDUCTANCE; VORTICES; FIELD; FILM AB The response field of a half-space anisotropic superconductor is evaluated for an arbitrary weak external field source. Example sources of a point magnetic moment and a circular current are considered in detail. For the penetration depth lambda 4f resonant photoemission from Tb metal in the perpendicular geometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CORE-HOLE POLARIZATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; EMISSION; PROBE; SYSTEMS; GD AB We present combined experimental and theoretical results for the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in resonant 4f photoemission (RPE) from Tb metal in the perpendicular geometry at different photon energies across the whole of the M-4,M-5 resonance. The atomic calculations, which take into account the full multiplet structure and the coherent second-order optical process, give excellent agreement with new experimental results for the resonant photoemission decay. The angular dependence of the MCD-RPE and its strong spin polarization in the M-5 region are also reported. For a single-configuration state the variations in the spectral shape are found to be stronger as a function of angle than as a function of photon energy. Due to the presence of the multiplet structure in the intermediate state 3d(9)4f(9) the coherent second-order optical process is essential for a correct description of the RPE. While the analysis of the spectra in parallel geometry yields accurate values of the spin-orbit, Coulomb, and exchange interactions, only the angle dependent RPE provides the phase factors of the emitted photoelectron. C1 Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RIKEN SPring8, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RI van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104408 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000043 ER PT J AU Theis, W Rotenberg, E Franke, KJ Gille, P Horn, K AF Theis, W Rotenberg, E Franke, KJ Gille, P Horn, K TI Electronic valence bands in decagonal Al-Ni-Co SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALS AB Valence-band photoemission from the s-p region of the tenfold and the two inequivalent twofold surfaces of quasicrystalline decagonal Al71.8Ni14.8Co13.4 reveals strongly dispersing bands. These exhibit a free-electron-like dispersion along quasiperiodic and periodic directions of the decagonal quasicrystal. The experimental photoemission maps are reproduced in detail by a model in which parabolic bands emanate from a set of reciprocal lattice vectors. A parity rule for the principal zone centers is observed. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Phys Expt, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Munich, Inst Kristallog & Angew Minerol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Theis, W (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Phys Expt, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Franke, Katharina/G-4470-2011 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 104205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LQ UT WOS:000185719000032 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Downs, RT Pischedda, V Shetty, R Saxena, SK Zha, CS Zhao, YS Schiferl, D Waskowska, A AF Wang, ZW Downs, RT Pischedda, V Shetty, R Saxena, SK Zha, CS Zhao, YS Schiferl, D Waskowska, A TI High-pressure x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies of the tetragonal spinel CoFe2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; TRANSFORMATION; MGFE2O4 AB In situ x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy have been carried out to pressures of 93.6 and 63.2 GPa, respectively, to explore the pressure-induced phase transformation of CoFe2O4 spinel. CoFe2O4 adopts a distorted tetragonal spinel structure at one atmosphere. At a pressure of similar to32.5 GPa, both x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy indicate that CoFe2O4 transforms to the orthorhombic CaFe2O4 structure, which remains stable to at least 93.6 GPa. The bulk modulus (K-0) of the tetragonal and the high-pressure polymorphs were calculated to be 94(12) and 145(16) GPa, respectively, with K-'=4. Upon release of pressure the orthorhombic phase persists and appears to be structurally metastable. At zero pressure, laser induced heating leads to a significant transformation back to the tetragonal phase. The high-pressure orthorhombic phase at one atmosphere is 14.7% denser than the tetragonal phase. C1 Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50950 Wroclaw 2, Poland. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, VH-150,Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM z_wang@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 25 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.094101 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600030 ER PT J AU Zhang, XG Butler, WH Bandyopadhyay, A AF Zhang, XG Butler, WH Bandyopadhyay, A TI Effects of the iron-oxide layer in Fe-FeO-MgO-Fe tunneling junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CONDUCTION; METALS AB First-principles calculations of the electronic structure and tunneling magnetoconductance of Fe-FeO-MgO-Fe tunneling junctions are compared to those of Fe-MgO-Fe. We find that an atomic layer of iron-oxide at the interface between Fe substrate and the MgO layer greatly reduces the tunneling magnetoconductance, due to the bonding of Fe with O which reduces the conductance when the moments in the two electrodes are aligned but has little effect when the moments are antiparallel. The TMR ratio (defined as the ratio of the change in resistance to the parallel resistance) decreases monotonically and exponentially with the increasing O concentration in the FeO layer. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 092402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.092402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600009 ER PT J AU Abbott, T Ahle, L Akiba, Y Alburger, D Beavis, D Birstein, L Bloomer, MA Bond, PD Britt, HC Budick, B Chasman, C Chen, Z Chi, CY Chu, YY Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Costales, JB Crawford, HJ Cumming, JB Debbe, R Duek, E Engelage, J Fung, SY Gonin, M Grodzins, L Gushue, S Hamagaki, H Hansen, O Hayano, RS Hayashi, S Homma, S Huang, HZ Ikeda, Y Juricic, I Kaneko, H Kang, J Katcoff, S Kaufman, S Kehoe, WL Kimura, K Kitamura, K Kurita, K Ledoux, RJ LeVine, MJ Miake, Y Morrison, DP Morse, RJ Moskowitz, B Nagamiya, S Namboodiri, MN Nayak, TK Olness, J Parsons, CG Remsberg, LP Rothschild, P Sakurai, H Sangster, TC Sarabura, M Seto, R Shigaki, K Shor, A Soltz, R Stankus, P Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Sugitate, T Sung, T Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Tonse, S Torikoshi, M Ueno-Hayashi, S van Dijk, JH Videbaek, F Vient, M Vincent, P Vossnack, O Vulgaris, E Vutsadakis, V Wang, FQ Wang, Y Watson, WA Wegner, HE Woodruff, DS Wu, YD Yagi, K Yang, X Zachary, D Zajc, WA AF Abbott, T Ahle, L Akiba, Y Alburger, D Beavis, D Birstein, L Bloomer, MA Bond, PD Britt, HC Budick, B Chasman, C Chen, Z Chi, CY Chu, YY Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Costales, JB Crawford, HJ Cumming, JB Debbe, R Duek, E Engelage, J Fung, SY Gonin, M Grodzins, L Gushue, S Hamagaki, H Hansen, O Hayano, RS Hayashi, S Homma, S Huang, HZ Ikeda, Y Juricic, I Kaneko, H Kang, J Katcoff, S Kaufman, S Kehoe, WL Kimura, K Kitamura, K Kurita, K Ledoux, RJ LeVine, MJ Miake, Y Morrison, DP Morse, RJ Moskowitz, B Nagamiya, S Namboodiri, MN Nayak, TK Olness, J Parsons, CG Remsberg, LP Rothschild, P Sakurai, H Sangster, TC Sarabura, M Seto, R Shigaki, K Shor, A Soltz, R Stankus, P Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Sugitate, T Sung, T Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Tonse, S Torikoshi, M Ueno-Hayashi, S van Dijk, JH Videbaek, F Vient, M Vincent, P Vossnack, O Vulgaris, E Vutsadakis, V Wang, FQ Wang, Y Watson, WA Wegner, HE Woodruff, DS Wu, YD Yagi, K Yang, X Zachary, D Zajc, WA CA E-802 Collaboration TI Further observations on midrapidity E-T distributions with aperture corrected scale SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; NEUTRAL ENERGY-SPECTRA; TRANSVERSE ENERGY; CROSS-SECTIONS; ALPHA-ALPHA; GEV/C; ISR AB In a previous publication [T. Abbott , E802 Collaboration, Phys. Rev. C 63, 064602 (2001); 64, 029901(E) (2001)], measurements of the A dependence and pseudorapidity interval (deltaeta) dependence of midrapidity E-T distributions in a half-azimuth (Deltaphi=pi) electromagnetic calorimeter were presented for p+Be, p+Au, O+Cu, Si+Au, and Au+Au collisions at the BNL-AGS. The validity of the "nuclear geometry" characterization versus deltaeta was illustrated by plots of the E-T(deltaeta) distribution in each deltaeta interval in units of the measured (p+Au) in the same deltaeta interval for p+Au collisions. These plots, with aperture corrected scale in the physically meaningful units of number of average observed p+Au collisions, were nearly universal as a function of deltaeta, confirming that the reaction dynamics for E-T production at midrapidity at AGS energies is governed by the number of projectile participants and can be well characterized by measurements in apertures as small as Deltaphi=pi,deltaeta=0.3. A key ingredient in these analyses is the probability p(0) for no signal to be detected in a given aperture deltaeta for the fundamental p+Au collision. In fact the measured (p+Au) is biased and the true (true)(p+Au) for the detector aperture is the measured value times 1-p(0). The issues and merits of measuring the E-T(deltaeta) distribution in units of (p+Au) or (true)(p+Au) in the same deltaeta interval are presented and discussed. This method has application at RHIC, where p-p data could be used as the reference distribution for two participants. The E-T distributions for B+A collisions, with E-T(deltaeta) scale normalized by (true)(p-p) in the same aperture for p-p collisions, would then be given directly in the popular unit "per participant-pair" [K. Adcox , PHENIX Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3500 (2001); I. G. Bearden , BRAHMS Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B523, 227 (2001); B. B. Back , PHOBOS Collaboration, Phys. Rev. C 65, 031901(R) (2002); C. Adler , STAR Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 202301 (2002)]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tanashi Branch, Tokyo 188, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 730, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 606, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 188, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Reedley Coll, Reedley, CA 93654 USA. RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Duek, Eliana/J-2499-2012; Cumming, James/I-3358-2013; SAKURAI, HIROYOSHI/G-5085-2014; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014 OI Cumming, James/0000-0001-6930-0958; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034908 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034908 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900067 ER PT J AU Afnan, IR Bissey, F Gomez, J Katramatou, AT Liuti, S Melnitchouk, W Petratos, GG Thomas, AW AF Afnan, IR Bissey, F Gomez, J Katramatou, AT Liuti, S Melnitchouk, W Petratos, GG Thomas, AW TI Deep inelastic scattering from A=3 nuclei and the neutron structure function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID PROTON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RATIO; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; LARGE-X; LEPTON SCATTERING; PION-PRODUCTION; QCD ANALYSIS; FORM-FACTORS AB We present a comprehensive analysis of deep inelastic scattering from He-3 and H-3, focusing in particular on the extraction of the free neutron structure function F-2(n). Nuclear corrections are shown to cancel to within 1-2% for the isospin-weighted ratio of He-3 to H-3 structure functions, which leads to more than an order of magnitude improvement in the current uncertainty in the neutron to proton ratio F-2(n)/F-2(p) at large x. Theoretical uncertainties originating from the nuclear wave function, including possible non-nucleonic components, are evaluated. Measurements of the He-3 and H-3 structure functions will, in addition, determine the magnitude of the EMC effect in all Aless than or equal to3 nuclei. C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Phys Sci, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia. Univ Liege, Inst Phys B5, Dept Phys, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tre, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Afnan, IR (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Phys Sci, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 116 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.035201 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900074 ER PT J AU Alt, C Anticic, T Baatar, B Barna, D Bartke, J Behler, M Betev, L Bialkowska, H Billmeier, A Blume, C Boimska, B Borghini, N Botje, M Bracinik, J Bramm, R Brun, R Buncic, P Cerny, V Chvala, O Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Csato, P Dinh, PM Dinkelaker, P Eckardt, V Filip, P Fodor, Z Foka, P Freund, P Friese, V Gal, J Gazdzicki, M Georgopoulos, G Gladysz, E Hegyi, S Hohne, C Jacobs, P Kadija, K Karev, A Kniege, S Kolesnikov, VI Kollegger, T Korus, R Kowalski, M Kraus, I Kreps, M van Leeuwen, M Levai, P Malakhov, AI Markert, C Mayes, BW Melkumov, GL Meurer, C Mischke, A Mitrovski, M Molnar, J Mrowczynski, S Odyniec, G Ollitrault, JY Palla, G Panagiotou, AD Perl, K Petridis, A Pikna, M Pinsky, L Poskanzer, AM Puhlhofer, F Reid, JG Renfordt, R Retyk, W Ritter, HG Roland, C Roland, G Rybczynski, M Rybicki, A Sandoval, A Sann, H Schmitz, N Seyboth, P Sikler, F Sitar, B Skrzypczak, E Snellings, RJ Stefanek, G Stock, R Strobele, H Susa, T Szentpetery, I Sziklai, J Trainor, TA Varga, D Vassiliou, M Veres, GI Vesztergombi, G Voloshin, SA Vranic, D Wetzler, A Wlodarczyk, Z Yoo, IK Zaranek, J Zimanyi, J AF Alt, C Anticic, T Baatar, B Barna, D Bartke, J Behler, M Betev, L Bialkowska, H Billmeier, A Blume, C Boimska, B Borghini, N Botje, M Bracinik, J Bramm, R Brun, R Buncic, P Cerny, V Chvala, O Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Csato, P Dinh, PM Dinkelaker, P Eckardt, V Filip, P Fodor, Z Foka, P Freund, P Friese, V Gal, J Gazdzicki, M Georgopoulos, G Gladysz, E Hegyi, S Hohne, C Jacobs, P Kadija, K Karev, A Kniege, S Kolesnikov, VI Kollegger, T Korus, R Kowalski, M Kraus, I Kreps, M van Leeuwen, M Levai, P Malakhov, AI Markert, C Mayes, BW Melkumov, GL Meurer, C Mischke, A Mitrovski, M Molnar, J Mrowczynski, S Odyniec, G Ollitrault, JY Palla, G Panagiotou, AD Perl, K Petridis, A Pikna, M Pinsky, L Poskanzer, AM Puhlhofer, F Reid, JG Renfordt, R Retyk, W Ritter, HG Roland, C Roland, G Rybczynski, M Rybicki, A Sandoval, A Sann, H Schmitz, N Seyboth, P Sikler, F Sitar, B Skrzypczak, E Snellings, RJ Stefanek, G Stock, R Strobele, H Susa, T Szentpetery, I Sziklai, J Trainor, TA Varga, D Vassiliou, M Veres, GI Vesztergombi, G Voloshin, SA Vranic, D Wetzler, A Wlodarczyk, Z Yoo, IK Zaranek, J Zimanyi, J CA NA49 Collaboration TI Directed and elliptic flow of charged pions and protons in Pb plus Pb collisions at 40A and 158A GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PB+PB COLLISIONS; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; AU COLLISIONS; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; COLLECTIVE FLOW; PHASE-TRANSITION; REACTION PLANE; GLUON PLASMA AB Directed and elliptic flow measurements for charged pions and protons are reported as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity, and centrality for 40A and 158A GeV Pb+Pb collisions, as recorded by the NA49 detector. Both the standard method of correlating particles with an event plane and the cumulant method of studying multiparticle correlations are used. In the standard method the directed flow is corrected for conservation of momentum. In the cumulant method elliptic flow is reconstructed from genuine four-, six-, and eight-particle correlations, showing the first unequivocal evidence for collective motion in A+A collisions at SPS energies. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Fachbereich Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Free Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Comenius Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Charles Univ Prague, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Nucl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CEA Saclay, SPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens, Greece. Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Kielce, Poland. Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. RP Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Fachbereich Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Ollitrault, Jean-Yves/B-3709-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Grebieszkow, Katarzyna/F-2640-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Rybczynski, Maciej/L-5019-2013; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014 OI Ollitrault, Jean-Yves/0000-0001-6037-7975; NR 81 TC 236 Z9 240 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034903 PG 32 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900062 ER PT J AU Arrington, J AF Arrington, J TI How well do we know the electromagnetic form factors of the proton? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; SQUARED 4-MOMENTUM TRANSFERS; MOMENTUM-TRANSFERS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; DEUTERON; RATIO; F-2 AB Several experiments have extracted proton electromagnetic form factors from elastic cross section measurements using the Rosenbluth technique. Global analyses of these measurements indicate approximate scaling of the electric and magnetic form factors (mu(p)G(E p)/G(M p)approximate to1), in contrast to recent polarization transfer measurements from Jefferson Lab. We present here a global reanalysis of the cross section data aimed at understanding the disagreement between the Rosenbluth extraction and the polarization transfer data. We find that the individual cross section measurements are self-consistent, and that the new global analysis yields results that are still inconsistent with polarization measurements. This discrepancy indicates a fundamental problem in one of the two techniques, or a significant error in polarization transfer or cross section measurements. An error in the polarization data would imply a large error in the extracted electric form factor, while an error in the cross sections implies an uncertainty in the extracted form factors, even if the form factor ratio is measured exactly. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 41 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034325 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900040 ER PT J AU Baltz, AJ AF Baltz, AJ TI Coulomb corrections in the calculation of ultrarelativistic heavy ion production of continuum e(+)e(-) pairs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS; PARTICLE AB Coulomb corrections to perturbation theory for producing electron-positron pairs in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions are considered in a part-analytical, part-numerical approach. Production probabilities are reduced from perturbation theory with increasing charge of the colliding heavy ions, as has been previously argued in the literature. It is shown here that the reduction from perturbation theory comes from the appropriate physical spatial cutoff of the electromagnetic potentials arising from the colliding ultrarelativistic heavy ions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Baltz, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034906 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900065 ER PT J AU Berdoz, AR Birchall, J Bland, JB Bowman, JD Campbell, JR Coombes, GH Davis, CA Green, AA Green, PW Hamian, AA Helmer, R Kadantsev, S Kuznetsov, Y Lee, L Levy, CDP Mischke, RE Okumusoglu, NT Page, SA Ramsay, WD Reitzner, SD Ries, T Roy, G Sekulovich, AM Soukup, J Stinson, GM Stocki, TJ Sum, V Titov, NA van Oers, WTH Woo, RJ Zadorozny, S Zelenski, AN AF Berdoz, AR Birchall, J Bland, JB Bowman, JD Campbell, JR Coombes, GH Davis, CA Green, AA Green, PW Hamian, AA Helmer, R Kadantsev, S Kuznetsov, Y Lee, L Levy, CDP Mischke, RE Okumusoglu, NT Page, SA Ramsay, WD Reitzner, SD Ries, T Roy, G Sekulovich, AM Soukup, J Stinson, GM Stocki, TJ Sum, V Titov, NA van Oers, WTH Woo, RJ Zadorozny, S Zelenski, AN CA TRIUMF E497 Collaboration TI Parity violation in proton-proton scattering at 221 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MODEL; MONITOR AB TRIUMF experiment 497 has measured the parity-violating longitudinal analyzing power A(z) in (p) over right arrowp elastic scattering at 221.3 MeV incident proton energy. This comprehensive paper includes details of the corrections, some of magnitude comparable to A(z) itself, required to arrive at the final result. The largest correction was for the effects of first moments of transverse polarization. The addition of the result, A(z)=[0.84+/-0.29 (stat.)+/-0.17 (syst.)]x10(-7), to the (p) over right arrowp parity-violation experimental data base greatly improves the experimental constraints on the weak meson-nucleon coupling constants h(rho)(pp) and h(omega)(pp), and also has implications for the interpretation of electron parity-violation experiments. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Alberta, Ctr Subatom Res, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N5, Canada. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, RU-117334 Moscow, Russia. Karadeniz Tech Univ, Rize Fac Sci & Arts, Rize, Turkey. RP Berdoz, AR (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034004 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900015 ER PT J AU Biselli, A Adams, GS Amaryan, MJ Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Asryan, G Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bertozzi, W Bianchi, N Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bosted, P Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Brooks, WK Bueltmann, S Burkert, VD Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, J De Sanctis, E De Vita, R Degtyarenko, PV Demirchyan, RA Denizli, H Dennis, LC Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Domingo, J Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Efremenko, YV Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Farhi, L Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Fissum, K Forest, TA Freyberger, A Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Gavalian, G Gavrilov, VB Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Golovatch, E Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hanock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Kelley, JH Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, J Kuhn, SE Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Leksin, GA Longhi, A Loukachine, K Major, RW Manak, JJ Marchand, C Matthews, SK McAleer, S McNabb, JWC McCarthy, J Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nelson, SO Niculescu, G Niczyporuk, B Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Brien, JT O'Rielly, GV Ohandjanyan, MS Osipenko, M Park, K Patois, Y Peterson, GA Philips, S Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Preedom, BM Price, JW Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Rock, S Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabourov, K Salgado, CW Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Shuvalov, SM Simionatto, S Skabelin, A Smith, ES Smith, LC Smith, T Sober, DI Sorrell, L Spraker, M Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, D Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tung, TY Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, A Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Welsh, R Weygand, DP Whisnant, S Witkowski, M Wolin, E Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF Biselli, A Adams, GS Amaryan, MJ Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Asryan, G Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bertozzi, W Bianchi, N Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bosted, P Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Brooks, WK Bueltmann, S Burkert, VD Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, J De Sanctis, E De Vita, R Degtyarenko, PV Demirchyan, RA Denizli, H Dennis, LC Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Domingo, J Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Efremenko, YV Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Farhi, L Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Fissum, K Forest, TA Freyberger, A Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Gavalian, G Gavrilov, VB Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Golovatch, E Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hanock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Kelley, JH Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, J Kuhn, SE Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Leksin, GA Longhi, A Loukachine, K Major, RW Manak, JJ Marchand, C Matthews, SK McAleer, S McNabb, JWC McCarthy, J Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nelson, SO Niculescu, G Niczyporuk, B Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Brien, JT O'Rielly, GV Ohandjanyan, MS Osipenko, M Park, K Patois, Y Peterson, GA Philips, S Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Preedom, BM Price, JW Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Rock, S Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabourov, K Salgado, CW Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Shuvalov, SM Simionatto, S Skabelin, A Smith, ES Smith, LC Smith, T Sober, DI Sorrell, L Spraker, M Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, D Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tung, TY Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, A Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Welsh, R Weygand, DP Whisnant, S Witkowski, M Wolin, E Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI ep -> ep pi(0) reaction studied in the Delta(1232) mass region using polarization asymmetries SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; FORM-FACTORS; PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; ELECTROPRODUCTION; MODEL; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; RESONANCE; DELTA; THRESHOLD AB Measurements of the angular distributions of target and double-spin asymmetries for the Delta(+)(1232) in the exclusive channel p(e,e(')p)pi(0) obtained at the Jefferson Lab in the Q(2) range from 0.5 to 1.5 GeV2/c(2) are presented. Results of the asymmetries are compared with the unitary isobar model [D. Drechsel , Nucl. Phys. A645, 145 (1999)], dynamical models [T. Sato and T. S. Lee, Phys. Rev. C 54, 2660 (1996); S. S. Kamalov , Phys. Lett. B 27, 522 (2001)], and the effective Lagrangian theory [R. M. Davidson , Phys. Rev. D 43, 71 (1991)]. Sensitivity to the different models was observed, particularly in relation to the description of background terms on which the target asymmetry depends significantly. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Duke Univ, TUNL, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. James Madison Univ, Dept Phys, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT Bates Linear Accelerator, Middleton, MA 01949 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Rice Univ, Bonner Lab, Houston, TX 77251 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014 OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.035202 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900075 ER PT J AU Cheng, Y Liu, F Liu, Z Schweda, K Xu, N AF Cheng, Y Liu, F Liu, Z Schweda, K Xu, N TI Transverse expansion in Au-197+Au-197 collisions at RHIC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; HADRON FREEZE-OUT; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; BARYON NUMBER; ELLIPTIC FLOW; DYNAMICS AB Using the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model, transverse momentum distributions and particle ratios are studied for Au-197+Au-197 collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV. In particular, we present results on the mean transverse momentum of charged pions, charged kaons, protons, and antiprotons and compare with experimental measurements. We discuss an approach to study early partonic collectivity in high energy nuclear collisions. C1 Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM fliu@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034910 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034910 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900069 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Firestone, RB Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Mahmud, H Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Stephens, FS Ward, D AF Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Firestone, RB Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Mahmud, H Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Stephens, FS Ward, D TI Searching for X(5) behavior in nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; ROTATIONAL STATES; SYSTEM; SPIN AB We have searched even-even nuclei with Zgreater than or equal to20, Ngreater than or equal to20 to find examples displaying the predicted characteristics of X(5) critical point behavior. On the basis of the yrast state energies and yrast intraband transition strengths, the best candidates are Ba-126, Ce-130, and the previously suggested examples of the N=90 isotones of Nd, Sm, Gd, and Dy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 037301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.037301 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900094 ER PT J AU Close, FE Melnitchouk, W AF Close, FE Melnitchouk, W TI Symmetry breaking and quark-hadron duality in structure functions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SPIN STRUCTURE; INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(N); NUCLEON RESONANCES; CONSTITUENT QUARKS; HELICITY STRUCTURE; POLARIZED HE-3; LOCAL DUALITY; FORM-FACTORS; MODEL AB We identify conditions under which a summation over nucleon resonances can yield, via quark-hadron duality, parton model results for electromagnetic and neutrino structure functions at large x. While a summation over the lowest even and odd parity multiplets is sufficient to achieve duality in the symmetric quark model, a suppression of transitions to specific final states is required for more realistic cases incorporating SU(6) breaking. We outline several scenarios consistent with duality, discuss their implications for the high Q(2) behavior of transition form factors, and illustrate how they can expose the patterns in the flavor-spin dependence of interquark forces. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Univ Oxford, Dept Theoret Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. NR 63 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.035210 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900083 ER PT J AU Dewald, A Peusquens, R Saha, B von Brentano, P Fitzler, A Klug, T Wiedenhover, I Carpenter, MP Heinz, A Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Abu Saleem, K Krucken, R Cooper, JR Barton, CJ Zyromski, K Beausang, CW Wang, Z Petkov, P Oros-Peusquens, AM Garg, U Zhu, S AF Dewald, A Peusquens, R Saha, B von Brentano, P Fitzler, A Klug, T Wiedenhover, I Carpenter, MP Heinz, A Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Abu Saleem, K Krucken, R Cooper, JR Barton, CJ Zyromski, K Beausang, CW Wang, Z Petkov, P Oros-Peusquens, AM Garg, U Zhu, S TI Recoil-gated plunger lifetime measurements in Pb-188 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PO-192 ALPHA-DECAY; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; FINE-STRUCTURE; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; INTRUDER BANDS; CURVE METHOD; STATES; ISOTOPES; SHELL; SPECTROSCOPY AB Electromagnetic transition probabilities were measured using the recoil distance Doppler-shift technique and the Ca-40(Sm-152,4n)Pb-188 reaction at a beam energy of 805 MeV to investigate shape coexistence in Pb-188. For the first time, a plunger was combined with Gammasphere and the Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer. It was possible to measure the lifetimes of two states in the prolate band of Pb-188 and, thus, provide for the first time evidence for the collectivity of this band. A three-level mixing calculation revealed that the first 2(+) state is predominantly of prolate character. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-5000 Cologne, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Yale Univ, WA Wright Nucl Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Dewald, A (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-5000 Cologne, Germany. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Dewald, Alfred/O-5810-2015; Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034314 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900029 ER PT J AU Esbensen, H AF Esbensen, H TI Fusion reactions with germanium isotopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; COULOMB-EXCITATION; COUPLED EQUATIONS; SUBBARRIER FUSION; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; REDUCTION; CHANNELS; ENERGY; TABLE AB Measurements of the fusion of O-16 and Al-27 with a series of germanium isotopes are analyzed within a coupled-channels approach. It is found that couplings based interactions that are linear in the deformation amplitudes are insufficient in reproducing the data. In order to obtain reasonable fits, it is necessary also to include couplings based on quadratic interactions. The analysis suggests that the nuclear radius of Ge-72 is significantly smaller than predicted from a smooth interpolation between other germanium isotopes. The large prolate deformation of Ge-74, which has been proposed as the preferred solution to measurements of the quadrupole moment of the 2(+) state, is not supported by the analysis; the near spherical solution is more likely. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Esbensen, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034604 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900049 ER PT J AU Ginter, TN Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Hamilton, JH Janas, Z Karny, M Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, KP Walters, WB Zganjar, EF AF Ginter, TN Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Hamilton, JH Janas, Z Karny, M Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, KP Walters, WB Zganjar, EF TI Neutron single-particle states populated via proton emission from Tm-146 and Lu-150 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; GROUND-STATE; DRIP-LINE; DECAY; RADIOACTIVITY; EMITTERS; SPECTROSCOPY; ISOMER; IDENTIFICATION AB Proton emission from the odd-odd nuclei Tm-146 and Lu-150 has been reinvestigated by means of the recoil mass spectrometer. In the Tm-146 study, the strongest proton transitions at 1.12 MeV and at 1.19 MeV have been assigned to the decay of Tm-146m (T-1/2=200+/-10 ms) and to the Tm-146gs decay (T-1/2=80+/-10 ms), respectively. Three new proton lines were identified at 0.89 MeV, 0.94 MeV, and 1.01 MeV. The observed decay pattern has been interpreted by using spherical estimates of emission probabilities. The decays of Tm-146m,Tm-gs to the nus(1/2) Er-145 ground state and to excited neutron states originating from the nuh(11/2) orbital are reported. This work represents the first observation of fine structure in proton emission from an odd-odd nucleus. In the Lu-150 study, the proton energy and half-life values of E-p=1277+/-8 keV and T-1/2=39(-6)(+8) mus for the decay of Lu-150m were obtained with better precision, but no evidence for fine structure in the proton emission was found. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034330 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900045 ER PT J AU Guttormsen, M Chankova, R Hjorth-Jensen, M Rekstad, J Siem, S Schiller, A Dean, DJ AF Guttormsen, M Chankova, R Hjorth-Jensen, M Rekstad, J Siem, S Schiller, A Dean, DJ TI Free energy and criticality in the nucleon pair breaking process SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LEVEL DENSITY; ATOMIC-NUCLEI; MODEL AB Experimental level densities for Yb-171,Yb-172, Er-166,Er-167, Dy-161,Dy-162, and Sm-148,Sm-149 are analyzed within the microcanonical ensemble. In the even isotopes at excitation energies E<2 MeV, the Helmholtz free energy F signals the transition from zero to two quasiparticles. For E>2 MeV, the odd and even isotopes reveal a surprisingly constant F at a critical temperature T(c)similar to0.5 MeV, indicating the continuous melting of nucleon Cooper pairs as function of excitation energy. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guttormsen, M (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034311 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900026 ER PT J AU Joo, K Smith, LC Burkert, VD Minehart, R Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP DeSanctis, E DeVita, R Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Gordon, CIO Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ito, MM Jenkins, D Kelley, JH Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Lima, ACS Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Morand, L Morrow, SA Mozer, MU Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Strauch, S Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF Joo, K Smith, LC Burkert, VD Minehart, R Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP DeSanctis, E DeVita, R Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Gordon, CIO Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ito, MM Jenkins, D Kelley, JH Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Lima, ACS Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Morand, L Morrow, SA Mozer, MU Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Strauch, S Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI Measurement of the polarized structure function sigma(LT ') for p(e,e ' p)pi(0) in the Delta(1232) resonance region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ELECTROPRODUCTION; DELTA; P((E)OVER-RIGHT-ARROW; ISOBAR AB The polarized longitudinal-transverse structure function sigma(LT') has been measured in the Delta(1232) resonance region at Q(2)=0.40 and 0.65 GeV2. Data for the p((e) over right arrow ,e'p)pi(0) reaction were taken at Jefferson Lab with the CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS) using longitudinally polarized electrons at an energy of 1.515 GeV. For the first time a complete angular distribution was measured, permitting the separation of different nonresonant amplitudes using a partial wave analysis. Comparison with previous beam asymmetry measurements at MAMI indicate a deviation from the predicted Q(2) dependence of sigma(LT ') using recent phenomenological models. C1 Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl Orsay, Orsay, France. Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Roma III, I-00146 Eom, Italy. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Joo, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015 OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975 NR 23 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 032201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.0322XX PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900011 ER PT J AU Kadi, M Warr, N Garrett, PE Jolie, J Yates, SW AF Kadi, M Warr, N Garrett, PE Jolie, J Yates, SW TI Vibrational and intruder structures in Cd-116 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; STATES; EXCITATIONS; NUCLEUS AB Decay properties of multiphonon quadrupole vibrational states and intruder structures in Cd-116 have been examined with the (n,n'gamma) reaction. gamma-ray excitation functions, angular distributions, and gamma-gamma coincidences have been measured. Lifetimes of many levels were determined with the Doppler-shift attenuation method, exposing the degree of collectivity of the intruder structure and the three-phonon states. In combination with other recent results, this new information reveals that the intruder picture is well supported in the Cd nuclei. However, a puzzle not present in the lighter Cd nuclei emerges in Cd-116; strong configuration mixing between intruder and multiphonon vibrational excitations cannot describe the observed decays of the lowest 0(+) excited states. C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Nucl Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kadi, M (reprint author), King Abdulaziz Univ, POB 92028, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RI Kadi, Mohammad/H-6114-2012 OI Kadi, Mohammad/0000-0002-5010-9536 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 031306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.031306 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900006 ER PT J AU Kahana, DE Kahana, SH Millener, DJ AF Kahana, DE Kahana, SH Millener, DJ TI Resonant state in He-4(Lambda) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HYPERON-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS; LAMBDA-LAMBDA-HYPERNUCLEI; DOUBLE HYPERFRAGMENT; DECAY; SPECTRA AB In a recent experiment E906 at the BNL-AGS, in which a search for light S=-2 hypernuclei was carried out, strong evidence for the nuclide (LambdaLambda) H-4 was found. One of the most striking components of this data was the appearance of a narrow low-momentum pi(-) line at k(pi)=104-105 MeV/c. This was ascribed to the decay of (LambdaLambda) H-4 into a resonant state in He-4(Lambda). The existence of such a state is shown to be plausible and its characteristics delineated. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Kahana, David Ewan/0000-0003-1266-9089 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 037302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.037302 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900095 ER PT J AU Navratil, P Ormand, WE AF Navratil, P Ormand, WE TI Ab initio shell model with a genuine three-nucleon force for the p-shell nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INTERACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; ENERGY-LEVELS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; STRENGTHS; RADII; C-13 AB The ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) is extended to include a realistic three-body interaction in calculations for p-shell nuclei. The NCSM formalism is reviewed and new features needed in calculations with three-body forces are discussed in detail. We present results of first applications to Li-6,Li-7, He-6, Be-7,Be-8,Be-10, B-10,B-11,B-12, N-12, and C-10,C-11,C-12,C-13 using the Argonne V8(') nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential and the Tucson-Melbourne TM'(99) three-nucleon interaction (TNI). In addition to increasing the total binding energy, we observe a substantial sensitivity in the low-lying spectra to the presence of the realistic three-body force and an overall improvement in level ordering and level spacing in comparison to experiment. The greatest sensitivity occurs for states where the spin-orbit interaction strength is known to play a role. In particular, with the TNI we obtain the correct ground-state spin for B-10,B-11,B-12 and N-12, contrary to calculations with NN potentials only. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 48 TC 209 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034305 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900020 ER PT J AU O'Brien, S Dababneh, S Heil, M Kappeler, F Plag, R Reifarth, R Gallino, R Pignatari, M AF O'Brien, S Dababneh, S Heil, M Kappeler, F Plag, R Reifarth, R Gallino, R Pignatari, M TI Neutron capture cross section of La-139 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; S-PROCESS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ELEMENTS; EVOLUTION; LU-176 AB The neutron capture cross section of La-139 has been measured relative to that of Au-197 by means of the activation method. The sample was irradiated in a quasistellar neutron spectrum for kT=25 keV generated via the Li-7(p,n)Be-7 reaction with the proton energy adjusted 30 keV above the threshold. Maxwellian averaged neutron capture cross sections were calculated for energies kT=5-100 keV. The new value for kT=30 keV is found to be 31.6+/-0.8 mb, 18% lower and considerably less uncertain than the previously recommended value of 38.4+/-2.7 mb. With these results the s- and r-process components could be more accurately determined, making lanthanum a reliable s- and r-process indicator in stellar spectroscopy. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Kappeler, F (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.0358XX PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900087 ER PT J AU Randrup, J Mrowczynski, S AF Randrup, J Mrowczynski, S TI Chromodynamic Weibel instabilities in relativistic nuclear collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; DYNAMICAL INSTABILITIES; FILAMENTATION; STAGE AB Employing a previously derived formulation, and extending the treatment from purely transverse modes to wave vectors having a longitudinal component, we discuss the prospects for the occurrence of Weibel-type color-current filamentation in high-energy nuclear collisions. Numerical solutions of the dispersion equation for a number of scenarios relevant to RHIC and LHC suggest that modes with (predominantly transverse) wave numbers of several hundred MeV may become moderately agitated during the early collision stage. The emergence of filamentation helps to speed up the equilibration of the parton plasma and it may lead to nonstatistical azimuthal patterns in the hadron final state. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Phys, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034909 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034909 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900068 ER PT J AU Randrup, J AF Randrup, J TI Production of the exotic Theta baryon in relativistic nuclear collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB Recent experimental data appear to confirm the existence of the exotic Theta(+)(uudd (s) over bar) baryon. Simple statistical considerations, which have generally proven rather successful, suggest that this particle should be produced in observable abundance in relativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC, where it may be identified through the pK(s)(0) invariant mass spectrum. The observation would not only add new evidence for its existence, but would also provide an additional means for probing the collision system, especially with regard to strangeness. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Randrup, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 031903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.031903 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900010 ER PT J AU Smith, MB Walker, PM Ball, GC Carroll, JJ Garrett, PE Hackman, G Propri, R Sarazin, F Scraggs, HC AF Smith, MB Walker, PM Ball, GC Carroll, JJ Garrett, PE Hackman, G Propri, R Sarazin, F Scraggs, HC TI gamma rays emitted in the decay of 31-yr Hf-178(m2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MULTI-QUASI-PARTICLE; BARRIER PENETRATION; SPIN ISOMERS; K-SELECTION; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION; PROBABILITIES; STATES; NUCLEI; ENERGY AB The spontaneous decay of the K-pi=16(+), 31-yr Hf-178 (m2) isomer has been investigated with a 15-kBq source placed at the center of a 20-element gamma-ray spectrometer. High-multipolarity M4 and E5 transitions, which represent the first definitive observation of direct gamma-ray emission from the isomer, have been identified, together with other low-intensity transitions. Branching ratios for these other transitions have elucidated the spin dependence of the mixing between the two known K-pi=8(-) bands. The M4 and E5 gamma-ray decays are the first strongly K-forbidden transitions to be identified with such high multipolarities, and demonstrate a consistent extension of K-hindrance systematics, with an inhibition factor of approximately 100 per degree of K forbiddenness. Some unplaced transitions are also reported. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. Youngstown State Univ, Ctr Photon Induced Proc, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Smith, MB (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 031302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.031302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900002 ER PT J AU Stone, JR Miller, JC Koncewicz, R Stevenson, PD Strayer, MR AF Stone, JR Miller, JC Koncewicz, R Stevenson, PD Strayer, MR TI Nuclear matter and neutron-star properties calculated with the Skyrme interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID THOMAS-FERMI APPROACH; EQUATION-OF-STATE; SUPER-NOVA MATTER; MASS FORMULA; GROUND-STATE; DENSE MATTER; POTENTIAL MODELS; EFFECTIVE FORCES; SPIN-ISOSPIN; NA ISOTOPES AB The effective Skyrme interaction has been used extensively in mean-field models for several decades and many different parametrizations of the interaction have been proposed. All of these give similar agreement with the experimental observables of nuclear ground states as well as with the properties of infinite symmetric nuclear matter at the saturation density n(0). However, when applied over a wider range of densities (up to similar to3n(0)) they predict widely varying behavior for the observables of both symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter. A particularly relevant example of naturally occurring asymmetric nuclear matter is the material of which neutron stars are composed. At around nuclear matter density, this can be well represented as a mixture of neutrons, protons, electrons, and muons (n+p+e+mu matter) in beta-equilibrium, and these densities turn out to be the key ones for determining the properties of neutron-star models with masses near to the widely used "canonical" value of 1.4M. By constructing equations of state for neutron-star matter using the different Skyrme parametrizations, calculating corresponding neutron-star models and then comparing these with observational data, an additional constraint can be obtained for the values of the Skyrme parameters. Such a constraint is particularly relevant because the parametrizations are initially determined by fitting to the properties of doubly closed-shell nuclei and it is an open question how suitable they then are for nuclei with high values of isospin, such as those at the neutron drip-line and beyond. The neutron-star environment provides an invaluable testing ground for this. We have carried out an investigation of 87 different Skyrme parametrizations in order to examine how successful they are in predicting the expected properties of infinite nuclear matter and generating plausible neutron-star models. This is the first systematic study of the predictions of the various Skyrme parametrizations for the density dependence of the characteristic observables of nuclear matter; the density dependence of the symmetry energy for beta-equilibrium matter turns out to be a crucial property for indicating which Skyrme parameter sets will apply equally well for finite nuclei and for neutron-star matter. Only 27 of the 87 parametrizations investigated pass the test of giving satisfactory neutron-star models and we present a list of these. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stone, JR (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Stevenson, Paul/B-9016-2012 OI Stevenson, Paul/0000-0003-2645-2569 NR 88 TC 186 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034324 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900039 ER PT J AU Teaney, D AF Teaney, D TI Effect of shear viscosity on spectra, elliptic flow, and Hanbury Brown-Twiss radii SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; AU-AU COLLISIONS; PARTICLE INTERFEROMETRY; PION INTERFEROMETRY; ROOT-S-NN=200 GEV; TRANSPORT; HYDRODYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE; PHENIX AB Here we calculate the first correction to the thermal distribution function of an expanding gas due to shear viscosity. With this modified distribution function we estimate viscous corrections to spectra, elliptic flow, and Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) radii in hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions using the blast wave model. For reasonable values of the shear viscosity, viscous corrections become of the order of 1 when the transverse momentum of the particle is larger than 1.7 GeV. This places a bound on the p(T) range accessible to hydrodynamics for this observable. Shear corrections to elliptic flow cause v(2)(p(T)) to veer below the ideal results for p(T)approximate to0.9 GeV. Shear corrections to the longitudinal HBT radius R-L(2) are large and negative. The reduction of R-L(2) can be traced to the reduction of the longitudinal pressure. Viscous corrections cause the longitudinal radius to deviate from the 1/rootm(T) scaling which is observed in the data and which is predicted by ideal hydrodynamics. The correction to the sideward radius R-S(2) is small. The correction to the outward radius R-O(2) is also negative and tends to make R-O/R(S)approximate to1. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dteaney@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 44 TC 480 Z9 484 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034913 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034913 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900072 ER PT J AU Vanhoy, JR Coleman, RT Crandell, KA Hicks, SF Sklaney, BA Walbran, MM Warr, NV Jolie, J Corminboeuf, F Genilloud, L Kern, J Schenker, JL Garrett, PE AF Vanhoy, JR Coleman, RT Crandell, KA Hicks, SF Sklaney, BA Walbran, MM Warr, NV Jolie, J Corminboeuf, F Genilloud, L Kern, J Schenker, JL Garrett, PE TI Structure of Te-120 from the Sn-118(alpha,2n gamma) reaction and I-120 decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; SINGLE-PARTICLE; MASS NUCLEI; CD NUCLEI; ISOTOPES; BANDS; COEXISTENCE; ISOTONES; MODEL; INTENSITIES AB The level structure of Te-120 has been examined utilizing gamma-ray spectroscopy following the (alpha,2ngamma) reaction and I-120 decay. Excitation functions, gamma-gamma coincidences, and angular distributions were measured. Spectroscopic information, e.g., spins, branching ratios, and multipole-mixing ratios, was obtained for many new levels below 4.5 MeV in excitation energy. The level scheme was examined from the viewpoint of an anharmonic vibrator model, the general collective model, the particle-core coupling model, and interacting-boson-model-based intruder models. Particular aspects of the level sequence can be reproduced by each of these models, but the agreement with transition rate data is modest. The B(E2) transition rate ratios are most consistent with the simple U(5) pattern. The higher-spin intruder states are identified in Te-120 by comparison to the known band structures and decay patterns of the N=66 and N=68 tin and cadmium nuclei. The intruder signature vanishes below spin-8, where there is strong mixing between states. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Fribourg, Dept Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vanhoy, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034315 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900030 ER PT J AU Younes, W Britt, HC AF Younes, W Britt, HC TI Simulated neutron-induced fission cross sections for various Pu, U, and Th isotopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ACTINIDE NUCLEI; PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES; ODD-A; URANIUM; U-237 AB Neutron-induced fission cross sections have been extracted for targets of Pu-240,Pu-241,Pu-243, U-234,U-236,U-237,U-239, and Th-231,Th-233 from E-n=100 keV to approximate to2.5 MeV using surrogate (t,pf) fission-probability data and a detailed statistical model to compensate for the difference between neutron-induced and (t,p) reactions. This paper extends the results of previous work on the U-235(n,f) cross section, which serves as a proof-of-principle study. The (n,f) cross sections are compared to earlier estimates based on the same surrogate data, but obtained using a more simplistic approach. The cross sections are also compared to accepted values where direct measurements exist and are consistently accurate to within 20% below E(n)approximate to0.5 MeV and 10% at higher energies. The case of the U-237(n,f) cross section, simulated from surrogate (t,pf) data, is investigated in greater detail to reconcile contradictory measurements in the literature. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Younes, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034610 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900055 ER PT J AU Zhang, WN Wong, CY AF Zhang, WN Wong, CY TI Total hadron-hadron cross sections at high energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; J-PSI-SUPPRESSION; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; COMPLEX NUCLEI; RHO PHOTOPRODUCTION; OMEGA MESONS; SPS ENERGIES; FORM-FACTOR AB We calculate total hadron-hadron cross sections at high energies using the Low-Nussinov two-gluon model of the Pomeron. The gluon exchange is represented by a phenomenological potential including screened color-Coulomb, screened confining, and spin-spin interactions. We use bound-state wave functions obtained from a potential model for mesons, and a Gaussian wave function for a proton. We evaluate total cross sections for collisions involving pi, K, rho, phi, D, J/psi, psi', Y, Y', and the proton. We find that the total cross sections increase with the square of the sum of the root-mean-square radii of the colliding hadrons, but there are variations arising from the spin-spin interaction. We also calculate the total cross sections of a mixed-color charmonium state on a pion and on a proton. The dependence of the total cross section on the size and the color state of the charmonium is investigated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.035211 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900084 ER PT J AU Apanasevich, L Bacigalupi, J Baker, W Begel, M Blusk, S Bromberg, C Chang, P Choudhary, B Chung, WH de Barbaro, L DeSoi, W Dlugosz, W Dunlea, J Engels, E Fanourakis, G Ferbel, T Ftacnik, J Garelick, D Ginther, G Glaubman, M Gutierrez, P Hartman, K Huston, J Johnstone, C Kapoor, V Kuehler, J Lirakis, C Lobkowicz, F Lukens, P Mansour, J Maul, A Miller, R Oh, BY Osborne, G Pellett, D Prebys, E Roser, R Shepard, P Shivpuri, R Skow, D Slattery, P Sorrell, L Striley, D Toothacker, W Tripathi, SM Varelas, N Weerasundara, D Whitmore, JJ Yasuda, T Yosef, C Zielinski, M Zutshi, V AF Apanasevich, L Bacigalupi, J Baker, W Begel, M Blusk, S Bromberg, C Chang, P Choudhary, B Chung, WH de Barbaro, L DeSoi, W Dlugosz, W Dunlea, J Engels, E Fanourakis, G Ferbel, T Ftacnik, J Garelick, D Ginther, G Glaubman, M Gutierrez, P Hartman, K Huston, J Johnstone, C Kapoor, V Kuehler, J Lirakis, C Lobkowicz, F Lukens, P Mansour, J Maul, A Miller, R Oh, BY Osborne, G Pellett, D Prebys, E Roser, R Shepard, P Shivpuri, R Skow, D Slattery, P Sorrell, L Striley, D Toothacker, W Tripathi, SM Varelas, N Weerasundara, D Whitmore, JJ Yasuda, T Yosef, C Zielinski, M Zutshi, V CA Fermilab E706 Collaboration TI Production of pi(0) and eta mesons at large transverse momenta in pp and pBe interactions at 530 and 800 GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIRECT PHOTON PRODUCTION; TO-LEADING-ORDER; CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; KAON PRODUCTION; PI-BE; COLLISIONS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; JETS; FRAGMENTATION AB We present measurements of the production of high transverse momentum pi(0) and eta mesons in pp and pBe interactions at 530 and 800 GeV/c. The data span the kinematic ranges: 1(0(-),1(-))+pi transition couplings satisfy a Goldberger-Treiman relation, g(pi)=DeltaM/f(pi), where DeltaM is the mass gap. The BaBar resonance fits the 0(+) state, with a kinematically blocked principal decay mode to D+K. The allowed D-s+pi, D-s+2pi, and electromagnetic transitions are computed from the full chiral theory and found to be suppressed, consistent with the narrowness of the state. This state establishes the chiral mass difference for all such heavy-quark chiral multiplets, and precise predictions exist for the analogous B-s and strange doubly heavy baryon states. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bardeen, WA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 33 TC 295 Z9 300 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054024 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.054024 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 728MB UT WOS:000185720000045 ER PT J AU Barnes, T Black, N Page, PR AF Barnes, T Black, N Page, PR TI Strong decays of strange quarkonia SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; CENTRAL PP INTERACTIONS; PAIR-CREATION MODEL; ANTIPROTON-PROTON ANNIHILATION; LINEARLY POLARIZED PHOTONS; J/PSI RADIATIVE DECAYS; FLUX-TUBE BREAKING; 11 GEV/C; ENERGY-RANGE; VECTOR-MESON AB In this paper we evaluate strong decay amplitudes and partial widths of strange mesons (strangeonia and kaonia) in the P-3(0) decay model. We give numerical results for all energetically allowed open-flavor two-body decay modes of all n (s) over bar and s (s) over bar strange mesons in the 1S, 2S, 3S, 1P, 2P, 1D and 1F multiplets, comprising strong decays of a total of 43 resonances into 525 two-body modes, with 891 numerically evaluated amplitudes. This set of resonances includes all strange q (q) over bar states with allowed strong decays expected in the quark model up to ca. 2.2 GeV. We use standard nonrelativistic simple harmonic oscillator quark model wave functions to evaluate these amplitudes, and quote numerical results for all amplitudes present in each decay mode. We also discuss the status of the associated experimental candidates, and note which states and decay modes would be especially interesting for future experimental study at hadronic, e(+)e(-) and photoproduction facilities. These results should also be useful in distinguishing conventional quark model mesons from exotica such as glueballs and hybrids through their strong decays. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barnes@bethe.phy.ornl.gov; nblack@utk.edu; prp@lanl.gov RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 125 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.054014 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 728MB UT WOS:000185720000035 ER PT J AU Barnes, T Close, FE Lipkin, HJ AF Barnes, T Close, FE Lipkin, HJ TI Implications of a DK molecule at 2.32 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MULTI-QUARK HADRONS; SCALAR MESONS; POTENTIAL MODEL; SCALING LAWS; CHARMONIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; MOMENTUM AB We discuss the implications of a possible quasinuclear DK bound state at 2.32 GeV. Evidence for such a state was recently reported in D(s)(+)pi(0) by the BaBar Collaboration. We first note that a conventional quark model c (s) over bar assignment is implausible, and then consider other options involving multiquark systems. An I=0 c (s) over barn (n) over bar baryonium assignment is one possibility. We instead favor a DK meson molecule assignment, which can account for the mass and quantum numbers of this state. The higher-mass scalar c (s) over bar state expected at 2.48 GeV is predicted to have a very large DK coupling, which would encourage formation of an I=0 DK molecule. Isospin mixing is expected in hadron molecules, and a dominantly I=0 DK state with some I=1 admixture could explain both the narrow total width of the 2.32 GeV state as well as the observed decay to D(s)(+)pi(0). Additional measurements that can be used to test this and related scenarios are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 31 TC 211 Z9 213 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.054006 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 728MB UT WOS:000185720000027 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Search for resonance decays to lepton plus jet at DESY HERA and limits on leptoquarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; CROSS-SECTIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; STANDARD MODEL; CONSTRUCTION AB A search for narrow-width resonances that decay into electron+jet or neutrino+jet has been performed with the ZEUS detector at the DESY ep collider HERA operating at center-of-mass energies of 300 and 318 GeV. An integrated e(+)p luminosity of 114.8 pb(-1) and e(-)p luminosity of 16.7 pb(-1) were used. No evidence for any resonance was found. Limits were derived on the Yukawa coupling lambda as a function of the mass of a hypothetical resonance that has arbitrary decay branching ratios into eq or nuq. These limits also apply to squarks predicted by R-parity-violating supersymmetry. Limits for the production of leptoquarks described by the Buchmuller-Ruckl-Wyler model were also derived for masses up to 400 GeV. For lambda=0.1, leptoquark masses up to 290 GeV are excluded. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. INFN Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Technol, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015 OI Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520 NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 052004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.052004 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 728MB UT WOS:000185720000007 ER PT J AU Duncan, A Eichten, E Yoo, J AF Duncan, A Eichten, E Yoo, J TI Unquenched QCD with light quarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HYBRID MONTE-CARLO; WILSON FERMIONS; LATTICE QCD; ALGORITHM; SIMULATIONS AB We present recent results in unquenched lattice QCD with two degenerate light sea quarks using the truncated determinant approximation (TDA). In the TDA the infrared modes contributing to the quark determinant are computed exactly up to some cutoff in quark off-shellness (typically 2Lambda(QCD)). This approach allows simulations to be performed at much lighter quark masses than possible with conventional hybrid Monte Carlo techniques. Results for the static energy and topological charge distributions are presented using a large ensemble generated on very coarse (6(4)) but physically large lattices. Preliminary results are also reported for the static energy and meson spectrum on 10(3)x20 lattices (lattice scale a(-1)=1.15 GeV) at quark masses corresponding to pions of mass less than or equal to200 MeV. Using multiboson simulation to compute the ultraviolet part of the quark determinant the TDA approach becomes an exact algorithm with essentially no increase in computational effort. Some preliminary results using this fully unquenched algorithm are presented. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.054505 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 728MB UT WOS:000185720000053 ER PT J AU Jalilian-Marian, J AF Jalilian-Marian, J TI Enhancement and suppression of the neutrino-nucleon total cross section at ultrahigh energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F2; SMALL-X; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; SATURATION MOMENTUM; QCD ANALYSIS; COSMIC-RAYS AB We argue that high gluon density effects at small x are important for the calculation of ultrahigh energy neutrino-nucleon cross sections due to the phenomenon of geometric scaling. We calculate the cross section for nuN-->muX, including high gluon density effects, using the all twist formalism of McLerran and Venugopalan and show that it can be related to the dipole nucleon cross section measured in deep inelastic scattering experiments. For neutrino energies of E(nu)similar to10(12) GeV, the geometric scaling region extends all the way up to Q(2)similar toM(W)(2). We show that geometric scaling can lead to an enhancement of the neutrino-nucleon total cross section by an order of magnitude compared to the leading twist cross section and discuss the implications for neutrino observatories. At extremely high energies, gluon saturation effects suppress the neutrino-nucleon total cross section and lead to its unitarization. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.054005 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 728MB UT WOS:000185720000026 ER PT J AU Kogut, JB Toublan, D Sinclair, DK AF Kogut, JB Toublan, D Sinclair, DK TI Pseudo Goldstone spectrum of 2-color QCD at finite density SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; 2 COLORS; BARYON DENSITY; ISOSPIN DENSITY; PHASE-DIAGRAM; SU(2) QCD; TEMPERATURE; QUARK; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CONDENSATION AB We examine the spectrum of two-color lattice QCD with one staggered quark field (four flavors) at a finite chemical potential (mu) for quark number, on a 12(3)x24 lattice. First we present evidence that the system undergoes a transition to a state with a diquark condensate, which spontaneously breaks quark number at mu=m(pi)/2, and that this transition is mean field in nature. We then examine the three states that would be Goldstone bosons at mu=0 for zero Dirac and Majorana quark masses. The predictions of chiral effective Lagrangians give a good description of the behavior of these masses for muinfinity. The theory is applied to coarsening in the infinite range Ising-Kawasaki model and in electrostatically driven granular layers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebn@lanl.gov; paulk@bu.edu RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 40 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 031104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.031104 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DH UT WOS:000185756000009 PM 14524747 ER PT J AU Cai, YH AF Cai, YH TI Method of measuring the coupled lattice functions at the interaction point in e(+)e(-) storage rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB We have investigated a method of measuring the complete lattice functions including the coupling parameters at any azimuthal position in a periodic and symplectic system. In particular, the method is applied to measure the lattice functions at the interaction point where the beams collide. It has been demonstrated that a complete set of lattice functions can be accurately measured with two adjacent beam position monitors and the known transformation matrix between them. As a by-product, the method also automatically measures the complete one-turn matrix. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cai, YH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 036501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036501 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DK UT WOS:000185756400086 PM 14524902 ER PT J AU Holian, BL Hammerberg, JE AF Holian, BL Hammerberg, JE TI Onset of incommensurate interfacial instability in a minimal model of dry friction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY AB We present a minimal model of dry friction between two incommensurate interfaces sliding at high relative velocity. Many of the features of the friction force for the full two-dimensional many-body dynamical system-particularly in the sub-critical velocity regime-are captured by our one-dimensional Einstein model, where the motion of a typical interfacial atom is constrained to be vertical to the sliding plane. Beyond the linear response of force versus sliding velocity, the anharmonic Einstein model predicts a doublet resonance peak, whereupon a catastrophe in the model signals the onset of a plastic deformation mechanism for frictional sliding, namely, the instability of the interface. Higher velocities than this critical value require a much more sophisticated description of the production and coalescence of dislocations into a microstructure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 036101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036101 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DK UT WOS:000185756400010 PM 14524826 ER PT J AU May, MJ Fournier, KB Beiersdorfer, P Chen, H Wong, KL AF May, MJ Fournier, KB Beiersdorfer, P Chen, H Wong, KL TI X-ray spectral measurements and collisional radiative modeling of Ni- to Kr-like Au ions in electron beam ion trap plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTION; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA; ATOMIC PROCESSES; SPECTROSCOPY; ASTROPHYSICS; CALIBRATION; RESOLUTION; FUSION AB The line emission of n=7-->3, 6-->3, 5-->3, and 4-->3 transitions in Ni- to Kr-like gold ions produced in the Livermore electron beam ion traps EBIT-I and EBIT-II has been recorded with an x-ray crystal spectrometer and a photometrically calibrated microcalorimeter. The plasmas had either monoenergetic electron beams with E(beam)=2.66, 3.53, or 4.54 keV or an experimentally simulated thermal electron distributions with T(e)=2.5 keV. The electron densities were approximate to10(12)cm(-3). The measured spectra have been compared to atomic structure calculations and synthetic spectra provided by the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code atomic data package. Line identifications and accurate photon energy measurements have been made for many collisionally excited transitions. Approximately 140 lines have been identified in nine charge states. Agreement within 20-30 % exists between the measured and modeled line intensities for most lines excited by the monoenergetic electron beam plasmas, although some larger discrepancies can be found for some weaker features. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP May, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L260, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 036402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036402 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DK UT WOS:000185756400082 PM 14524898 ER PT J AU Pride, SR Berryman, JG AF Pride, SR Berryman, JG TI Linear dynamics of double-porosity dual-permeability materials. I. Governing equations and acoustic attenuation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS; POROUS-MEDIA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; HOMOGENIZATION THEORY; ELASTIC-WAVES; FLOW; CONSOLIDATION; DEFORMATION; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB The equations governing the linear acoustics of composites with two isotropic porous constituents are derived from first principles using volume-averaging arguments. The theory is designed for modeling acoustic propagation through heterogeneous porous structures. The only restriction placed on the geometry of the two porous phases is that the overall composite remains isotropic. The theory determines the macroscopic fluid response in each porous phase in addition to the combined bulk response of the grains and fluid in the composite. The complex frequency-dependent macroscopic compressibility laws that are obtained allow for fluid transfer between the porous constituents. Such mesoscopic fluid transport between constituents within each averaging volume provides a distinct attenuation mechanism from the losses associated with the net Darcy flux within individual constituents as is quantified in the examples. C1 Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM spride@univ-rennes1.fr; berryman1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 45 TC 137 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 036603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036603 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DK UT WOS:000185756400092 PM 14524909 ER PT J AU Pride, SR Berryman, JG AF Pride, SR Berryman, JG TI Linear dynamics of double-porosity dual-permeability materials. II. Fluid transport equations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; PROPAGATION AB For the purpose of understanding the acoustic attenuation of double-porosity composites, the key macroscopic equations are those controlling the fluid transport. Two types of fluid transport are present in double-porosity dual-permeability materials: (1) a scalar transport that occurs entirely within each averaging volume and that accounts for the rate at which fluid is exchanged between porous phase 1 and porous phase 2 when there is a difference in the average fluid pressure between the two phases and (2) a vector transport that accounts for fluid flux across an averaging region when there are macroscopic fluid-pressure gradients present. The scalar transport that occurs between the two phases can produce large amounts of wave-induced attenuation. The scalar transport equation is derived using volume-averaging arguments and the frequency dependence of the transport coefficient is obtained. The dual-permeability vector Darcy law that is obtained allows for fluid flux across each phase individually and is shown to have a symmetric permeability matrix. The nature of the cross coupling between the flow in each phase is also discussed. C1 Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM spride@univ-rennes1.fr; berryman1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 11 TC 137 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 036604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036604 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DK UT WOS:000185756400093 PM 14524909 ER PT J AU Schachter, L Byer, RL Siemann, RH AF Schachter, L Byer, RL Siemann, RH TI Wake field in dielectric acceleration structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN ELECTRON-ACCELERATOR; GRADIENT; FIBERS AB In this study we present a general approach for the analysis of the wake field of a point charge moving in a vacuum tunnel bored in dielectric material that is uniform in the direction parallel to the motion of the bunch. In the transverse direction the structure surrounding the dielectric may have arbitrary geometry. A quasianalytic expression that relates the decelerating force with the first dielectric layer, the radius of the vacuum tunnel where the charge moves, and the reflection characteristics of the structure has been developed. Simulation results for a simple structure indicate that, if the effective location where the reflection occurs in the dielectric is sufficiently apart from the edge of the vacuum tunnel, it has no effect on the point charge. In fact, the decelerating field converges exponentially as this distance increases, to the asymptotic value determined by the first dielectric layer. An estimate of the trailing wake when the structure supports a specific mode is also provided. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Schachter, L (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 036502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036502 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DK UT WOS:000185756400087 PM 14524903 ER PT J AU Sloutskin, E Wu, XZ Peterson, TB Gang, O Ocko, BM Sirota, EB Deutsch, M AF Sloutskin, E Wu, XZ Peterson, TB Gang, O Ocko, BM Sirota, EB Deutsch, M TI Surface freezing in binary mixtures of chain molecules. I. Alkane mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; N-ALKANES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRYSTALLIZATION; SYSTEMS; NUCLEATION; SIMULATION; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS AB X-ray surface scattering and surface tension measurements are used to study surface freezing in molten mixtures of alkanes. These binary mixtures consist of protonated and deuterated alkanes, as well as of alkanes of different lengths. As for pure alkanes, a crystalline monolayer is formed at the surface a few degrees above the bulk freezing temperature. The structure of the monolayer has been determined on an angstrom scale. A simple theoretical approach is used to account for the thermodynamical observations at the surface and in the bulk. The model is based on a competition between entropic mixing and a repulsive interaction due to chain-length mismatch. The surface and bulk liquid phases are treated as ideal mixtures, while the solid phases are treated as regular mixtures. The theory is found to account well for all the mixtures studied, both hydrogenated-hydrogenated and hydrogenated-deuterated. The repulsive interaction and its dependence on the chain lengths of the components are determined from fits to the measured data. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Network Data Syst, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il RI Sirota, Eric/A-7633-2009 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 031605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.031605 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DH UT WOS:000185756000041 PM 14524779 ER PT J AU Sloutskin, E Gang, O Kraack, H Doerr, A Sirota, EB Ocko, BM Deutsch, M AF Sloutskin, E Gang, O Kraack, H Doerr, A Sirota, EB Ocko, BM Deutsch, M TI Surface freezing in binary mixtures of chain molecules. II. Dry and hydrated alcohol mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; PHASES; MELTS; DRIVES; NEAT AB Surface freezing is studied in dry and hydrated alcohol mixtures by surface x-ray scattering and surface tension measurements. A crystalline bilayer is formed at the surface a few degrees above the bulk freezing temperature. The packing is hexagonal, with molecules aligned along the surface normal in all cases. The in-plane lattice constant reveals a qualitatively different behavior with composition for hydrated and dry mixtures. The simple theoretical approach used successfully for alkane and deuterated alkane mixtures accounts well also for the alcohol mixtures. The repulsive length-mismatch term opposing the mixing entropy term in the free energy of the mixtures is shown to have a universal behavior for all mixtures studied: protonated alkanes, deuterated alkanes, and dry and wet alcohols. This universality is somewhat counterintuitive in view of the different interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding in alcohols) in the different mixtures. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il RI Sirota, Eric/A-7633-2009 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 031606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.031606 PN 1 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DH UT WOS:000185756000042 ER PT J AU Chao, AW AF Chao, AW TI Equilibrium beam distribution and quantum lifetime in the presence of a single nonlinear resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB In the proximity of a nonlinear resonance nu approximate to m/n, the beam distribution in a storage ring is distorted depending on how close is the resonance and how strong is the resonance strength. In the 1-dimensional case, it is well known that the particle motion near the resonance can be described in a smooth approximation by a Hamiltonian of the form (nu - m/n) J + D-nu(J) + f(1) (phi, J), where (phi, J) are the phase space angle and action variables, D-nu is the detuning function, and f(1) is an oscillating resonance term. In a proton storage ring, the equilibrium beam distribution is readily solved to be any function exclusively of the Hamiltonian. For an electron beam, this is not true and the equilibrium distribution is more complicated. This paper solves the Fokker-Planck equation near a single resonance for an electron beam in a storage ring. The result is then applied to obtain the quantum lifetime of an electron beam in the presence of this resonance. Resonances due to multipole fields and due to the beam-beam force are considered as examples. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chao, AW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2003 VL 6 IS 9 AR 094001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTA.B.094001 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729BL UT WOS:000185751000007 ER PT J AU Danilov, V Cousineau, S Henderson, S Holmes, J AF Danilov, V Cousineau, S Henderson, S Holmes, J TI Self-consistent time dependent two dimensional and three dimensional space charge distributions with linear force SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Finding self-consistent distributions of beam particles interacting with each other via the space charge force is one of the challenges of accelerator physics. Exactly solvable models are used for simulation benchmarks, instability threshold calculations, etc. Since such distributions have been found only in one and two dimensions (Kapchinsky-Vladimirsky distribution), it is not possible to apply them to a general three dimensional motion. This paper shows how to construct new sets of self-consistent distributions, extending even to the three dimensional case. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Danilov, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, 701 Scarboro Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2003 VL 6 IS 9 AR 094202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTA.B.094202 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729BL UT WOS:000185751000009 ER PT J AU Fedotov, AV Hofmann, I Gluckstern, RL Okamoto, H AF Fedotov, AV Hofmann, I Gluckstern, RL Okamoto, H TI Parametric collective resonances and space-charge limit in high-intensity rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID BEAMS AB Resonance-driven collective instabilities of charged-particle beams were extensively studied in connection with high-current transport systems, leading to restrictions imposed on the zero-current phase advance. In this paper, we discuss application of such parametric instabilities to circular machines. This effect is directly related to the space-charge limit in rings and its understanding is of crucial importance. Its relation to the coherent resonance condition of an integer type is explained. Practical application of such resonant responses to both structural and imperfection driven harmonics is addressed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. RP Fedotov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2003 VL 6 IS 9 AR 094201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTA.B.094201 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729BL UT WOS:000185751000008 ER PT J AU Seidl, PA Celata, CM Faltens, A Henestroza, E MacLaren, SA AF Seidl, PA Celata, CM Faltens, A Henestroza, E MacLaren, SA TI Scaled beam merging experiment for heavy ion inertial fusion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PROGRESS AB Transverse beam combining is a cost-saving option employed in many designs for heavy ion fusion drivers. However, the resultant transverse phase space dilution must be minimized so as not to sacrifice focusability at the target. A prototype combining experiment has been completed employing four 3-mA Cs+ beams injected at 160 keV. The focusing elements upstream of the merge consist of four quadrupoles and a final combined-function element ( quadrupole and dipole). Following the merge, the resultant single beam is transported in a single alternating gradient channel where the subsequent evolution of the distribution function is diagnosed. The results are in fair agreement with particle-in-cell simulations. They indicate that for some heavy ion fusion driver designs, the phase space dilution from merging is acceptable. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Seidl, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PASeidl@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2003 VL 6 IS 9 AR 090101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTA.B.090101 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729BL UT WOS:000185751000001 ER PT J AU Kim, YH AF Kim, YH TI Two-photon interference without bunching two photons SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; QUANTUM ERASER; DELAYED CHOICE; ENTANGLEMENT; VIOLATION; PAIRS; PUMP AB We report an experiment which conclusively demonstrates that the two-photon entangled state interference cannot be pictured as the overlap and 'bunching' of two individual photons on a beamsplitter. We also demonstrate that photon 'bunching' does not occur if the two-photon Feynman amplitudes are distinguishable, even though individual photons do overlap on a beamsplitter. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yokim@umbc.edu RI Kim, Yoonho/D-2591-2012 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 315 IS 5 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(03)01114-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 718RT UT WOS:000185160800003 ER PT J AU Ricci, P Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU AF Ricci, P Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU TI Electron acceleration and heating in collisionless magnetic reconnection SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; FIELD; PLASMA; SIMULATION; CONFIGURATIONS; EMISSION; IMPLICIT; BURSTS; REGION AB Electron acceleration and heating during collisionless magnetic reconnection is discussed by using the results of implicit kinetic simulations of Harris current sheets. Simulations up to the physical mass ratio are performed to study and compare electron dynamics in plasmas with different beta values. The attention is focused on the typical trajectory of electrons passing through the reconnection region, on the electron velocity, in particular on the out-of-plane velocity, and on the electron heating along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Politecn Torino, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Politecn Torino, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM ricci@lanl.gov; lapenta@lanl.gov; jub@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 57 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3554 EP 3560 DI 10.1063/1.1598207 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 714ER UT WOS:000184899800015 ER PT J AU Gary, SP Nishimura, K AF Gary, SP Nishimura, K TI Resonant electron firehose instability: Particle-in-cell simulations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY INSTABILITIES; SOLAR-WIND; CONSTRAINTS; PLASMAS; FIELD; WAVES; INTERMITTENCY; ACCELERATION; DEPLETIONS; FLARES AB Consider a collisionless, homogeneous plasma in which the electron velocity distribution is a bi-Maxwellian with T-perpendicular to/I, is inferred from direct distortion measurements of an imploding capsule's limb-darkened ("backlit") shell, via 6.7 keV point projection x-ray imaging. Thus far, /I has been measured at the 3.0+/-1.4 (%) level, on the best shots, in hohlraums (cylindrical) with length/radius ratios L/R of 1.61 and 1.69, either side of a L/R=1.66 predicted optimum for a zeroed P-2 Legendre mode. Simulations suggest that when scaled to 220 eV with zeroed odd Legendre modes, relevant to the best fraction of shots on a dual power-feed HY accelerator, the increased hohlraum wall albedo would reduce the field asymmetry to the 0.9% level; thus approaching the uniformity requirements of high-yield ignition. Future studies at L/R=1.66 will include refinements in experimental methods and image analysis techniques (denoising), and the measured symmetry is anticipated to improve further. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bennett, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3717 EP 3727 DI 10.1063/1.1594723 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 714ER UT WOS:000184899800034 ER PT J AU Divol, L Cohen, BI Williams, EA Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF AF Divol, L Cohen, BI Williams, EA Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF TI Nonlinear saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering for long time scales SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION WAVES; SOUND-WAVES; PLASMA; BACKSCATTER; SIMULATIONS; GROWTH; BEAM AB The nonlinear saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in long beryllium plasmas (500 mum) and for long time (500 ps) is studied in detail through well-diagnosed one-dimensional (1D) hybrid particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations done using BZOHAR [B. I. Cohen, B. F. Lasinski, A. B. Langdon, and E. A. Williams, Phys. Plasmas 4, 956 (1997)]. Under conditions of interest, when the linear gain associated with the SBS growth is large, it is shown that following a first phase of large and bursty SBS reflectivity, SBS is suppressed by a self-induced spatial detuning due to inhomogeneous modifications of the (locally averaged) ion distribution function. This nonlinear evolution was observed over a range of laser intensities and plasma parameters. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Divol, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3728 EP 3732 DI 10.1063/1.1601223 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 714ER UT WOS:000184899800035 ER PT J AU Cohen, SA Siefert, NS Stange, S Boivin, RF Scime, EE Levinton, FM AF Cohen, SA Siefert, NS Stange, S Boivin, RF Scime, EE Levinton, FM TI Ion acceleration in plasmas emerging from a helicon-heated magnetic-mirror device (vol 10, pg 2593, 2003) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NOVA Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Cohen, SA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3804 EP 3804 DI 10.1063/1.1606211 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 714ER UT WOS:000184899800047 ER PT J AU Davis, J Prosnitz, D AF Davis, J Prosnitz, D TI Counterterrorism priorities and policy - Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 ANSER, Inst Homeland Secur, Arlington, VA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), ANSER, Inst Homeland Secur, Arlington, VA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 9 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 716MF UT WOS:000185032200013 ER PT J AU Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Duraisamy, P Mani, A AF Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Duraisamy, P Mani, A TI Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. III. Effect of biosolid compost addition SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE biosolid compost; cadmium; complexation; heavy metal; immobilization; phytoavailability; surface charge ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE APPLICATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; AMENDED SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; LAND APPLICATION; ACIDIC SOILS; PLANT UPTAKE; ZINC; BIOAVAILABILITY; AVAILABILITY AB We examined the effect of biosolid compost on the adsorption and complexation of cadmium (Cd) in two soils (Egmont and Manawatu) which varied in their organicmatter content. The effect of biosolid compost on the uptake of Cd from the Manawatu soil, treated with various levels of Cd (0 - 10 mg Cd kg(-1) soil), was also examined using mustard ( Brassica juncea L.) plants. The transformation of Cd in soil was evaluated by a chemical fractionation scheme. Addition of biosolid compost increased negative charge in soil. The effect of biosolid compost on Cd adsorption varied between the soils, with a large portion of the sorbed Cd remaining in solution as an organic complex. Increasing addition of Cd increased Cd concentration in plants, resulting in decreased plant growth at high levels of Cd (i.e., phytotoxicity). Addition of biosolid compost was effective in reducing the phytotoxicity of Cd as indicated by the decrease in the concentration of NH4OAc extractable-Cd and soil solution-Cd. The solid-phase fractionation study indicated that the addition of biosolid compost decreased the concentration of the soluble and exchangeable Cd fraction but increased the concentration of organic-bound Cd fraction in soil. Alleviation of Cd phytotoxicity by biosolid compost can be attributed primarily to complexation of Cd by the organic matter in the biosolid compost. C1 Massey Univ, Nat Resources Inst, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Massey Univ, Nat Resources Inst, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 47 TC 52 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 39 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD SEP PY 2003 VL 256 IS 1 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1023/A:1026288021059 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 734GD UT WOS:000186045900018 ER PT J AU Loarte, A Saibene, G Sartori, R Campbell, D Becoulet, M Horton, L Eich, T Herrmann, A Matthews, G Asakura, N Chankin, A Leonard, A Porter, G Federici, G Janeschitz, G Shimada, M Sugihara, M AF Loarte, A Saibene, G Sartori, R Campbell, D Becoulet, M Horton, L Eich, T Herrmann, A Matthews, G Asakura, N Chankin, A Leonard, A Porter, G Federici, G Janeschitz, G Shimada, M Sugihara, M TI Characteristics of type I ELM energy and particle losses in existing devices and their extrapolation to ITER SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; DIII-D; DIVERTOR HEAT; H-MODES; ASDEX-UPGRADE; GIANT ELM; JET; JT-60U; POWER AB Analysis of Type I ELMs from ongoing experiments shows that ELM energy losses are correlated with the density and temperature of the pedestal plasma before the ELM crash. The Type I ELM plasma energy loss normalized to the pedestal energy is found to correlate across experiments with the collisionality of the pedestal plasma (v(ped)(*)),decreasing with increasing v(ped)(*). Other parameters affect the ELM size, such as the edge magnetic shear, etc, which influence the plasma volume affected by the ELMs. ELM particle losses are influenced by this ELM affected volume and are weakly dependent on other pedestal plasma parameters. In JET and DIII-D, under some conditions, ELMs can be observed ('minimum' Type I ELMs with energy losses acceptable for ITER), that do not affect the plasma temperature. The duration of the divertor ELM power pulse is correlated with the typical ion transport time from the pedestal to the divertor target (tau(parallel to)(Front) = 2piRq(95)/c(s,ped)) and not with the duration of the ELM-associated MHD activity. Similarly, the timescale of ELM particle fluxes is also determined by tau(parallel to)(Front). The extrapolation of the present experimental results to ITER is summarized. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EFDA, CSU, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CEA Cardarache, Assoc Euratom, DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Euratom Assoziat, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. JEARI, Naka Working Site, ITER, IT, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. JEARI, Garching Working Site, ITER, IT, Garching, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EFDA, CSU, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 50 TC 293 Z9 294 U1 8 U2 48 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1549 EP 1569 AR PII S0741-3335(03)63333-6 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/9/302 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 727YT UT WOS:000185689000004 ER PT J AU Fenstermacher, ME Leonard, AW Snyder, PB Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Colchin, RJ Gray, DS Groebner, RJ Groth, M Hollmann, EM Lasnier, CJ Osborne, TH Petrie, TW Rudakov, DL Takahashi, H Watkins, JG Zeng, L AF Fenstermacher, ME Leonard, AW Snyder, PB Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Colchin, RJ Gray, DS Groebner, RJ Groth, M Hollmann, EM Lasnier, CJ Osborne, TH Petrie, TW Rudakov, DL Takahashi, H Watkins, JG Zeng, L CA DIII-D Team TI ELM particle and energy transport in the SOL and divertor of DIII-D SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID EDGE-LOCALIZED MODES; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; PEELING-BALLOONING MODES; D TOKAMAK; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; PEDESTAL CHARACTERISTICS; CURRENT PROFILES; ASDEX UPGRADE; HEAT-FLUX; PLASMA AB Results from a series of dedicated experiments measuring the effect of particle and energy pulses from Type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) in the DIII-D scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor are compared with a simple model of ELM propagation in the boundary plasma. The simple model asserts that the propagation of ELM particle and energy perturbations is dominated by ion parallel convection along SOL field lines and the recovery from the ELM perturbation is determined by recycling physics. Timescales associated with the initial changes of boundary plasma parameters are expected to be on the order of the ion transit time from the outer midplane, where the ELM instability is initiated, to the divertor targets. To test the model, the ion convection velocity is changed in the experiment by varying the plasma density. At moderate to high density, n(e)/n(Gr) = 0.5-0.8, the delays in the response of the boundary plasma to the midplane ELM pulses, the density dependence of those delays and other observations are consistent with the model. However, at the lowest densities, n(e)/n(Gr) similar to 0.35, small delays between the responses in the two divertors, and changes in the response of the pedestal thermal energy to ELM events, indicate that additional factors including electron conduction in the SOL, the pre-ELM condition of the divertor plasma, and the ratio of ELM instability duration to SOL transit time, may be playing a role. The results show that understanding the response of the SOL and divertor plasmas to ELMs, for various pre-ELM conditions, is just as important for predicting the effect of ELM pulses on the target surfaces of future devices as is predicting the characteristics of the ELM perturbation of the core plasma. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. DIIID Natl Fus Facil, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Fenstermacher, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 84 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1597 EP 1626 AR PII S0741-3335(03)60956-5 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/9/304 PG 30 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 727YT UT WOS:000185689000006 ER PT J AU Maddison, GP Budny, RV Dumortier, P Jachmich, S Loarte, A Messiaen, AM Monier-Garbet, P Nave, MFF Ongena, J Rapp, J Strachan, JD AF Maddison, GP Budny, RV Dumortier, P Jachmich, S Loarte, A Messiaen, AM Monier-Garbet, P Nave, MFF Ongena, J Rapp, J Strachan, JD CA JET EFDA contributors TI Improved ELM scaling with impurity seeding in JET SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID H-MODE DISCHARGES; HIGH-DENSITY; ASDEX UPGRADE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; RECENT PROGRESS; SEEDED PLASMAS; CONFINEMENT; TRIANGULARITY; PEDESTAL; ENERGY AB Argon-seeded H-modes in low triangularity pumped-limiter-like, and medium to high triangularity divertor, configurations on JET are described, focusing upon ELM effects. Appropriate fuelling and seeding strategies in each geometry have combined good confinement with density around the Greenwald level, accompanied by ELMS shown to have explicitly Type I character. For lower triangularity, argon injection leads to a reduction in normalized ELM energy losses averaged over several fluctuations, relative to unseeded scaling at comparable frequency and confinement but lower density. This generalizes a similar result in earlier studies [14, 15]. Optimized seeding tends always to decrease ELM frequencies too, so that the average energy efflux in ELMs is significantly diminished, down to only approximate to10% of input power in the lowest example included. At least for lower triangularity again, electron pedestal temperature is cooled by argon, which tends also to lower peak pedestal pressure before each consequently smaller fluctuation. However, the pedestal density is raised, and at higher radiation fractions this can restore unseeded peak pedestal pressure and roughly ELM size, but still at lower frequency. The underlying physics of Type I instabilities defined by pedestal collisionality appears to prevail in all cases both with and without seeding. High performance H-modes with both reduced core transport and moderated steady and transient power loads through added impurities therefore seem to come closer to a fully integrated scenario for Q = 10 operation in ITER. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, LPP, ERM, KMS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. CSU, EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Associacao EURATOM IST, CFN, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. Forschungszentrum Julich, IPP, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM geoff.maddison@ukaea.org.uk RI Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; OI Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1657 EP 1669 AR PII S0741-3335(03)60210-1 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/9/307 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 727YT UT WOS:000185689000009 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Dong, LM Hickner, MA Pivovar, BS McGrath, JE AF Kim, YS Dong, LM Hickner, MA Pivovar, BS McGrath, JE TI Processing induced morphological development in hydrated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer membranes SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE morphology; proton exchange membrane; disulfonated polysulfone copolymers ID RANDOM STATISTICAL COPOLYMERS; DIRECT POLYMERIZATION; IONOMERS; DIFFUSION; NAFION; WATER; AFM AB The development of morphological solid-state structures in sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers (acid form) by hydrothermal treatment was investigated by water uptake, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM). The water uptake and DMA studies suggested that the materials have three irreversible morphological regimes, whose intervals are controlled by copolymer composition and hydrothermal treatment temperature. Ambient temperature treatment of the membranes afforded a structure denoted as Regime1. When the copolymer membranes were exposed to a higher temperature, AFM revealed a morphology (Regime2) where the phase contrast and domain connectivity of the hydrophilic phase of the copolymers were greatly increased. A yet higher treatment temperature was defined which yielded a third regime, likely related to viscoelastic relaxations associated with the hydrated glass transition temperature (hydrated T-g). The required temperatures needed to produce transitions from Regime1 to Regime2 or Regime3 decreased with increasing degree of disulfonation. These temperatures correspond to the percolation and hydrogel temperatures, respectively. Poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer membranes with a 40% disulfonation in Regime2 under fully hydrated conditions showed similar proton conductivity (similar to0.1 S/cm) to the well-known perfluorinated copolymer Nafion(R) 1135 but exhibited higher modulus and water uptake. The proton conductivity and storage modulus are discussed in terms of each of the morphological regimes and compared with Nafion 1135. The results are of particular interest for either hydrogen or direct methanol fuel cells where conductivity and membrane permeability are critical issues. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Inst Polymer Mat & Interfaces, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGrath, JE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, 2108 Hahn Hall 0344, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 25 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP PY 2003 VL 44 IS 19 BP 5729 EP 5736 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00580-9 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 719BB UT WOS:000185182500030 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, O Fornasiero, F Arce, A Radke, CJ Prausnitz, JM AF Rodriguez, O Fornasiero, F Arce, A Radke, CJ Prausnitz, JM TI Solubilities and diffusivities of water vapor in poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate), poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) and poly(acrylonitrile) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE water vapor sorption and diffusion; clustering; sorption overshoot ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; MOLECULAR-TRANSPORT; PENETRANT TRANSPORT; SOLVENT SYSTEMS; POLYMER-SOLVENT; SORPTION; METHACRYLATE); DIFFUSION; POLYSTYRENE AB Sorption and diffusion data were obtained for water vapor in four different polymers: poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), poly (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA), poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN) at 35 degreesC using a gravimetric sorption method. Highest sorption was for PVP, followed by PHEMA. PMMA and PAN sorbed very little water. All the polymers exhibit a BET type III sorption isotherm; the large upturn at high activity for PVP and PHEMA is probably due to plasticization of the polymers by water vapor. Sorption data were interpreted using Flory-Huggins theory and the Zimm and Lundberg cluster integral. Fickian diffusion is observed for PHEMA. For PVP, the fractional uptake M-t/M-infinity is linear with the square root of the time up to M-t/M-infinity = 0.6 - 0.8 for all water activities a(w), but it shows a clear water sorption overshoot at a(w) = 55.3% and a(w) = 72.1%, probably due to macromolecular relaxation. PMMA sorption kinetics is also characterized by a maximum in the water uptake. The diffusion coefficient increases significantly with water concentration for PVP and PHEMA, weakly for PMMA, but it is independent of concentration for PAN. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rodriguez, Oscar/E-5255-2011; Fornasiero, Francesco/I-3802-2012 OI Rodriguez, Oscar/0000-0002-8416-8534; NR 56 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP PY 2003 VL 44 IS 20 BP 6323 EP 6333 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00654-2 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 721TE UT WOS:000185332500025 ER PT J AU Lemley, JR Fthenakis, VM Moskowitz, PD AF Lemley, JR Fthenakis, VM Moskowitz, PD TI Security risk analysis for chemical process facilities SO PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB In response to the events of September 11, many companies stepped up security efforts in chemical process facilities and other installations. Since resources are limited, a system for ranking relative risk would be useful in establishing priorities for implementing physical-security infrastructure and programs. This paper presents the elements of a relative risk assessment that can augment conventional process hazard analysis (PHA). This assessment is based on categorizing threat, vulnerability, and the consequences of deliberate actions by terrorists, disgruntled employees, and others. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 830,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 1066-8527 J9 PROCESS SAF PROG JI Process Saf. Prog. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1002/prs.680220304 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 723GV UT WOS:000185425400003 ER PT J AU Baer, DR Burrows, PE El-Azab, AA AF Baer, DR Burrows, PE El-Azab, AA TI Enhancing coating functionality using nanoscience and nanotechnology SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE enhancing coating functionality; nanoscience; nanotechnology; self assembly; oxide nanostructures ID ELECTROACTIVE CONDUCTING POLYMERS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; TITANIA SURFACE-STRUCTURE; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; CORROSION CONTROL; GROWTH; SIZE; CHEMISTRY; FILMS AB Nanoscience is currently enabling evolutionary changes in several technology areas but new paradigms will eventually have a much wider and revolutionary impact. In the area of coatings, new approaches utilizing nanoscale effects can be used to create coatings with significantly optimized or enhanced properties. The ultimate impact of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the area of coatings, and other potential application areas, will depend on our ability to direct the assembly of hierarchical systems that include nanostructures. Two fundamentally different approaches to direct self-assembly are discussed. One approach involves ordering existing identifiable components into the desired coating or structures. The second approach involves the formation of new structures during the coating process. Potential impacts of nanostructure properties on film characteristics and applications are discussed with a focus on coating reactivity, corrosion resistance, strength and durability. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 75 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 342 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00127-9 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800022 ER PT J AU Smarsly, B Garnweitner, G Assink, R Brinker, CJ AF Smarsly, B Garnweitner, G Assink, R Brinker, CJ TI Preparation and characterization of mesostructured polymer-functionalized sol-gel-derived thin films SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE sol-gel; nanocomposite thin films; free-radical polymerization; hydrogel nanocomposites ID SILICA FILMS; IN-SITU; NANOCOMPOSITES; COPOLYMERS; MECHANISM; COATINGS AB The present study attempts to incorporate methacrylate-based polymers into ordered lamellar organic/inorganic nanocomposite films composed of alternating SiO2/polymer layers. The films are prepared by dip-coating from a solution containing the monomers and silica precursors, thus leading to composite lamellar mesostructured materials through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). A polymerizable coupling agent is added to covalently link the polymers to the silica matrix. The final polymer/SiO2 hybrid material is obtained by a separate free-radical polymerization step, initiated by UV exposure or thermal treatment. Using trimethoxy(7-octen-1-yl)silane as a coupling agent, a procedure was established that preserved the mesostructure and maintained the swelling properties of the polymers, while acrylate-based coupling agents lead to a significant distortion of the film mesostructure. Structure and composition of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction, NMR and IR. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Smarsly, Bernd/G-8514-2011; OI Garnweitner, Georg/0000-0002-7499-4947 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.08.016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800027 ER PT J AU Donley, MS Mantz, RA Khramov, AN Balbyshev, VN Kasten, LS Gaspar, DJ AF Donley, MS Mantz, RA Khramov, AN Balbyshev, VN Kasten, LS Gaspar, DJ TI The self-assembled nanophase particle (SNAP) process: a nanoscience approach to coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE SNAP; time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry; atomic force microscopy; nanophase; self-assembly; XPS ID GEL SURFACE TREATMENTS; ALUMINUM 2024-T3 AB In the corrosion protection of aluminum-skinned aircraft, surface pretreatment and cleaning are critical steps in protecting aerospace alloys from corrosion. Our recent discovery of a revolutionary new method of forming functionalized silica nanoparticles in situ in an aqueous-based sol-gel process, and then crosslinking the nanoparticles to form a thin film, is an excellent example of a nanoscience approach to coatings. This coating method is called the self-assembled nanophase particle (SNAP) process. The SNAP coating process consists of three stages: (1) sol-gel processing; (2) SNAP solution mixing; (3) SNAP coating application and cure. Here, we report on key parameters in the 'sol-gel processing' and the 'coating application and cure' stages in the GPTMS/TMOS system. The SNAP process is discussed from the formation of the nanosized macromolecules to the coating application and curing process. The 'sol-gel processing' stage involves hydrolysis and condensation reactions and is controlled by the solution pH and water content. Here, the molar ratio of water to hydrolysable silane is a key factor. SNAP solutions have been investigated by NMR, IR, light scattering, and GPC to identify molecular condensation structures formed as a function of aging time in the solution. In moderate pH and high water content solutions, hydrolysis occurs rapidly and condensation kinetic conditions are optimized to generate nanophase siloxane macromolecules. In the 'SNAP solution mixing' stage, crosslinking agents and additives are added to the solution, which is then applied to a substrate by dip-coating to form the SNAP coating. The chemical structure and morphology of the films have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). SNAP films are amorphous but exhibit nanostructured assembly of siloxane oligomers at a separation of about 1.8 nm as well as molecular level ordering of O-Si-O species. The surface analytical data indicate that the films retain the basic chemical arrangement of the siloxane macromolecules/oligorners and crosslinking process creates a network of siloxane oligomers tethered together. Results of these analyses are then used to construct a model of the SNAP coating. Results of these analyses are discussed in detail. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Nonmetall Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Coatings Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kasten, LS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 401 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.progcoat.2003.08.017 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800028 ER PT J AU Coutts, TJ Ward, JS Young, DL Emery, KA Gessert, TA Noufi, R AF Coutts, TJ Ward, JS Young, DL Emery, KA Gessert, TA Noufi, R TI Critical issues in the design of polycrystalline, thin-film tandem solar cells SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY AB We use an empirical technique for modeling the efficiency of thin-film tandem solar cells and calculate an approximate upper limit on the range of performance of these hypothetical devices. This is shown to be approximately 28-2%, without losses due to inactive layers at the front of the device, or other parasitic sources. Reduction of the value of the reverse saturation current density by a factor of ten, increases the lossless efficiency by approximately 4% absolute. This change also greatly broadens the range of top and bottom cell bandgaps that would lead to efficiencies greater than 25%, the project goal. These observations emphasize the critical importance of focusing future research on gaining a thorough understanding of recombination losses. We then calculate daily energy density outputs for various direct spectra, computed from meteorological data, and show that the optimum bandgap pairs are relatively insensitive to the detail of the spectral irradiance. We also show that the use of daily energy density output may be a more useful criterion than efficiency in designing tandem thin-film solar cells. We compute contours of equal daily energy density output and show that the range of potentially suitable bandgap pairs is much larger than simple maximization of efficiency implies. The simple parametric approach enables us to investigate the effect of partial loss of photons with energies less than that of the bandgap of the top cell, but greater than that of the bottom cell. These photons are essential to the project goal of 25% efficiency, which emphasizes the need to evaluate the optical properties in this wavelength range very carefully. We also discuss the reduction of the thickness, or the area, of the top cell. When the top subcell generates a greater current than the bottom subcell, either of these parameters may be reduced to enable current-matching, and increased efficiencies, to be achieved. Again, this approach greatly extends the range of bandgaps that could lead to a 25% tandem thin-film cell. Next, we consider the case of concentrated sunlight and show that the optimum bandgap pairs decrease with concentration ratio. This is due to the atmospheric absorption bands. The efficiency increases by approximately 4% absolute per decade increase in concentration ratio. Finally, we comment on some of the practical difficulties that can already be anticipated in constructing these devices. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Coutts, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 11 IS 6 BP 359 EP 375 DI 10.1002/pip.491 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 722KD UT WOS:000185373500001 ER PT J AU Carlson, DE Romero, R Willing, F Meakin, D Gonzalez, L Murphy, R Moutinho, HR Al-Jassimz, M AF Carlson, DE Romero, R Willing, F Meakin, D Gonzalez, L Murphy, R Moutinho, HR Al-Jassimz, M TI Corrosion effects in thin-film photovoltaic modules SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE corrosion; thin film; photovoltaic modules; solar cells; glass; transparent conducting oxides; delamination ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; GLASS AB Electrochemical corrosion effects can occur in thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules that are fabricated on tin-oxide-coated glass when operating at high voltages and at elevated temperatures in a humid climate. The current study shows that this corrosion is associated with a delamination of the tin oxide layer from the glass, which is caused by sodium accumulation near the interface between the tin oxide and the glass and by the ingression of moisture into the PV module from the edges. This corrosion in thin-film PV modules can be significantly reduced by altering the growth conditions of the tin oxide or by using zinc oxide as a transparent conductive oxide electrode. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 BP Solar, Toano, VA 23168 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Carlson, DE (reprint author), BP Solar, 3600 LaGrange Pkwy, Toano, VA 23168 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 11 IS 6 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1002/pip.500 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 722KD UT WOS:000185373500002 ER PT J AU Kim, D Xu, D Guo, JT Ellrott, K Xu, Y AF Kim, D Xu, D Guo, JT Ellrott, K Xu, Y TI PROSPECT II: protein structure prediction program for genome-scale applications SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fold recognition; PROSPECT; protein structure prediction; threading; z-score ID FOLD RECOGNITION; SEQUENCE INFORMATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; LATTICE MODEL; TWILIGHT-ZONE; ALIGNMENTS; DATABASE; ACCURACY; STRATEGIES; EFFICIENT AB A new method for fold recognition is developed and added to the general protein structure prediction package PROSPECT (http://compbio.ornl.gov/PROSPECT/). The new method (PROSPECT II) has four key features. (i) We have developed an efficient way to utilize the evolutionary information for evaluating the threading potentials including singleton and pairwise energies. (ii) We have developed a two-stage threading strategy: (a) threading using dynamic programming without considering the pairwise energy and (b) fold recognition considering all the energy terms, including the pairwise energy calculated from the dynamic programming threading alignments. (iii) We have developed a combined z-score scheme for fold recognition, which takes into consideration the z-scores of each energy term. (iv) Based on the z-scores, we have developed a confidence index, which measures the reliability of a prediction and a possible structure-function relationship based on a statistical analysis of a large data set consisting of threadings of 600 query proteins against the entire FSSP templates. Tests on several benchmark sets indicate that the evolutionary information and other new features of PROSPECT II greatly improve the alignment accuracy. We also demonstrate that the performance of PROSPECT II on fold recognition is significantly better than any other method available at all levels of similarity. Improvement in the sensitivity of the fold recognition, especially at the superfamily and fold levels, makes PROSPECT II a reliable and fully automated protein structure and function prediction program for genome-scale applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Prot Informat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Prot Informat Grp, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr,MS 6480, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kim, Dongsup/C-1612-2011; OI Ellrott, Kyle/0000-0002-6573-5900 NR 40 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 16 IS 9 BP 641 EP 650 DI 10.1093/protein/gzg081 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 736AQ UT WOS:000186148300002 PM 14560049 ER PT J AU Kantardjieff, KA Rupp, B AF Kantardjieff, KA Rupp, B TI Matthews coefficient probabilities: Improved estimates for unit cell contents of proteins, DNA, and protein-nucleic acid complex crystals SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solvent content; protein crystals; Matthews coefficient; Matthews probabilities ID PARTIAL SPECIFIC VOLUMES; DENSITY AB Estimating the number of molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit is one of the first steps in a macromolecular structure determination. Based on a survey of 15,641 crystallographic Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries the distribution of V-M, the crystal volume per unit of protein molecular weight, known as Matthews coefficient, has been reanalyzed. The range of values and frequencies has changed in the 30 years since Matthews first analysis of protein crystal solvent content. In the statistical analysis, complexes of proteins and nucleic acids have been treated as a separate group. In addition, the V-M distribution for nucleic acid crystals has been examined for the first time. Observing that resolution is a significant discriminator of V-M, an improved estimator for the probabilities of the number of molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit has been implemented, using resolution as additional information. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Chem & Biochem, WM Keck Fdn Ctr Mol Struct, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kantardjieff, KA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Chem & Biochem, WM Keck Fdn Ctr Mol Struct, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062410, P50 GM62410] NR 18 TC 416 Z9 417 U1 3 U2 24 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1865 EP 1871 DI 10.1110/ps.0350503 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 715MK UT WOS:000184976100006 PM 12930986 ER PT J AU Wang, WR Kim, R Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, SH AF Wang, WR Kim, R Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of a flavin-binding protein from Thermotoga maritimae SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FAD SYNTHETASE; RAT-LIVER; PURIFICATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 52 IS 4 BP 633 EP 635 DI 10.1002/prot.10353 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 715AC UT WOS:000184947400014 PM 12910462 ER PT J AU Espinosa, G Golzarri, JI Gammage, RB AF Espinosa, G Golzarri, JI Gammage, RB TI Comparative measurements between NTD and GEL detectors for radon gas SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Tracks in Solids (ICNTS-21) CY OCT 21-25, 2003 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP Int Nucl Track Soc, Arunachal Univ, Nucl Sci Ctr DE radon; nuclear tracks; gel detectors AB Because of the interest in an inexpensive radon monitoring technique and the use of new materials and new methods, this work presents comparative measurements between traditional passive radon detector using nuclear track detector (NTD), and a new method based on the diffusion of radon gas in gels, measuring the quantity of the remainder radioactive solids by the analysis of the gamma radiation from the decay of radon daughters. The methodology of the new detectors is introduced. The preliminary results show a measurable response of the gel material detectors to radon gas. The measurements are compared with those using NTDs CR-39 type for calibration purposes. Both the detection systems, the passive close-end cup system with NTDs and the passive close-end cup gel material detector, were exposed at the same time in the radon calibration chamber to different radon exposition levels from 150 to 3000 Bq/m(-3). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Espinosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal 20364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1-6 SI SI BP 179 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00119-7 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 724TU UT WOS:000185503400032 ER PT J AU Fantuzzi, E Boschung, M Fiechtner, A Hoffmann, J McKeever, R Stokes, R AF Fantuzzi, E Boschung, M Fiechtner, A Hoffmann, J McKeever, R Stokes, R TI Inter-comparison among fast neutron dosimetric services using PADC material of different composition SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Nuclear Tracks in Solids (ICNTS-21) CY OCT 21-25, 2003 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP Int Nucl Track Soc, Arunachal Univ, Nucl Sci Ctr DE inter-comparison; PADC; neutron dosimetry; personal dosimetric service ID CR-39 AB A trial inter-comparison has been performed among four fast neutron dosimetric services: PSI(CH), ENEA (1), DRPS (UK), LANL (US). The PADC used for the tests has been produced by Intercast Europe S.p.A. Three sets of detectors have been employed: two of PADC standard material from two different batches, and one of PADC with the addition of 0.1% dioctylphthalate. Each set consisted of 50 detectors. For each set of detectors, 20 have been irradiated free-in-air at 1 mSv of H*(10) with an Am-241-Be source at ENEA-IRP, whilst the other detectors have been used as background samples. For each batch the value of the average background signal, B, the average neutron sensitivity, S, and minimum detectable dose equivalent, MDDE, have been determined. Two identical tests have been completed and separated with a time of 4 months in order to evaluate the ageing effect on the material stored in different conditions. Each dosimetric service processed the detectors according to local routine procedures. Three laboratories used an Autoscan60 reader, whilst one laboratory has an in-house reading system. Therefore, the results of the tests allowed a comparison of either the performance PADC materials, of different batches and of different compositions, or to evaluate how different etching, reading and storage conditions affect the results. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ENEA, Radiat Protect Inst, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. Paul Scherrer Inst, Div Radiat Protect, Villigen, Switzerland. LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Naval Med, DSTL Radiol Protect Serv, Gosport PO12 2DL, Hants, England. RP Fantuzzi, E (reprint author), ENEA, Radiat Protect Inst, Via Colli, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1-6 SI SI BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00178-1 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 724TU UT WOS:000185503400091 ER PT J AU Nazarov, OB Smirnova, AN Krutilina, RI Svetlova, MP Solovjeva, LV Nikiforov, AA Oei, SL Zalenskaya, IA Yau, PM Bradbury, EM Tomilin, NV AF Nazarov, OB Smirnova, AN Krutilina, RI Svetlova, MP Solovjeva, LV Nikiforov, AA Oei, SL Zalenskaya, IA Yau, PM Bradbury, EM Tomilin, NV TI Dephosphorylation of histone gamma-H2AX during repair of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells and its inhibition by calyculin A SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIVING HUMAN-CELLS; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1; IONIZING-RADIATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; REPLICATION ARREST; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; KINASE-ACTIVITY; RAPID EXCHANGE; MRE11 COMPLEX; NUCLEAR FOCI AB The induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by ionizing radiation in mammalian chromosomes leads to the phosphorylation of Ser-139 in the replacement histone H2AX, but the molecular mechanism(s) of the elimination of phosphorylated H2AX (called gamma-H2AX) from chromatin in the course of DSB repair remains unknown. We showed earlier that gamma-H2AX cannot be replaced by exchange with free H2AX, suggesting the direct dephosphorylation of H2AX in chromatin by a protein phosphatase. Here we studied the dynamics of dephosphorylation of gamma-H2AX in vivo and found that more than 50% was dephosphorylated in 3 h, but a significant amount of gamma-H2AX could be detected even 6 h after the induction of DSBs. At this time, a significant fraction of the gamma-H2AX nuclear foci co-localized with the foci of RAD50 protein that did not co-localize with replication sites. However, gamma-H2AX could be detected in some cells treated with methyl methanesulfonate which accumulated RAD18 protein at stalled replication sites. We also found that calyculin A inhibited early elimination of gamma-H2AX and DSB rejoining in vivo and that protein phosphatase I was able to remove phosphate groups from gamma-H2AX-containing chromatin in vitro. Our results confirm the tight association between DSBs and gamma-H2AX and the coupling of its in situ dephosphorylation to DSB repair. (C) 2003 by Radiation Research society. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, Lab Chromosome Stabil, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biochem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tomilin, NV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, Lab Chromosome Stabil, Tikchoretskii 4, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. EM nvtom@mail.ru RI Nikiforov, Andrey/B-6643-2012 OI Nikiforov, Andrey/0000-0002-5009-6130 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 EI 1938-5404 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 160 IS 3 BP 309 EP 317 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 716LB UT WOS:000185029000006 ER PT J AU Christen, HM Rouleau, CM Ohkubo, I Zhai, HY Lee, HN Sathyamurthy, S Lowndes, DH AF Christen, HM Rouleau, CM Ohkubo, I Zhai, HY Lee, HN Sathyamurthy, S Lowndes, DH TI An improved continuous compositional-spread technique based on pulsed-laser deposition and applicable to large substrate areas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SRRUO3 THIN-FILMS; COMBINATORIAL APPROACH; DISCOVERY AB A method for continuous compositional-spread (CCS) thin-film fabrication based on pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) is introduced. This approach is based on a translation of the substrate heater and the synchronized firing of the excimer laser, with the deposition occurring through a slit-shaped aperture. Alloying is achieved during film growth (possible at elevated temperature) by the repeated sequential deposition of submonolayer amounts. Our approach overcomes serious shortcomings in previous in situ implementation of CCS based on sputtering or PLD, in particular the variation of thickness across the compositional spread and the differing deposition energetics as a function of position. While moving-shutter techniques are appropriate for PLD approaches yielding complete spreads on small substrates (i.e., small as compared to distances over which the deposition parameters in PLD vary, typically approximate to1 cm), our method can be used to fabricate samples that are large enough for individual compositions to be analyzed by conventional techniques, including temperature-dependent measurements of resistivity and dielectric and magnetic properties (i.e., superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry). Initial results are shown for spreads of (Sr1-xCax)RuO3. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Christen, HM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; OHKUBO, Isao/B-9553-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975; Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; OHKUBO, Isao/0000-0002-4187-0112 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 74 IS 9 BP 4058 EP 4062 DI 10.1063/1.1602962 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 713RY UT WOS:000184873200019 ER PT J AU Qian, XM Zhang, T Chang, C Wang, P Ng, CY Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Dressler, RA Baer, T Peterka, DS AF Qian, XM Zhang, T Chang, C Wang, P Ng, CY Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Dressler, RA Baer, T Peterka, DS TI High-resolution state-selected ion-molecule reaction studies using pulsed field ionization photoelectron-secondary ion coincidence method SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; THRESHOLD; DYNAMICS AB We have developed an octopole-quadrupole photoionization apparatus at the Advanced Light Source for absolute integral cross-section measurements of rovibrational-state-selected ion-molecule reactions. This apparatus consists of a high-resolution photoionization ion source, a wired ion gate lens, a dual radio-frequency (rf) octopole ion guide reaction gas cell, and a quadrupole mass spectrometer for reactant and product ion detection. The unique feature of this apparatus is the implementation of the high-resolution pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (PFI-PE)-photoion coincidence (PFI-PEPICO) technique, which has allowed the rotational-state selection of diatomic ions for ion-molecule reaction studies. The novel application of the wired ion gate lens for the rejection of false coincidence background ions is described. This application, along with the differential-ion-gate scheme, has made possible the measurements of rovibrational-state-selected absolute integral reaction cross sections for ion-molecule collisions using the PFI-PE-secondary ion coincidence (PFI-PESICO) method. The successful measurement of absolute state-selected cross sections for H-2(+)(X,v(+),N+)+Ar(Ne) with v(+) up to 17 [the third to the last vibrational state of H-2(+)(X)] demonstrates the high sensitivity of this differential-ion-gate PFI-PESICO method. In order to gain a detailed understanding and to obtain optimal performance of the wired ion gate lens for PFI-PESICO measurements, we have carried out ion trajectory calculations of reactant ions between the photoionization region and the rf-octopole ion guide. On the basis of these calculations, possible future improvements for the application of this differential-ion-gate PFI-PESICO scheme are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cyng@chem.ucdavis.edu; Rainer.Dressler@hanscom.af.mil NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 74 IS 9 BP 4096 EP 4109 DI 10.1063/1.1599071 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 713RY UT WOS:000184873200024 ER PT J AU Bremer, KA Stevens, A Schoenberg, DR AF Bremer, KA Stevens, A Schoenberg, DR TI An endonuclease activity similar to Xenopus PMR1 catalyzes the degradation of normal and nonsense-containing human beta-globin mRNA in erythroid cells SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE beta-globin mRNA; nonsense codon; endonuclease; PMR1; mRNA decay ID DOMINANT CONTROL REGION; ENDORIBONUCLEASE ACTIVITY; POLYSOMAL RIBONUCLEASE-1; DECAPPING ENZYME; IN-VITRO; CLEAVAGE; DECAY; IDENTIFICATION; DESTABILIZATION; EXOSOME AB beta-globin mRNA bearing a nonsense codon is degraded in the cytoplasm of erythroid cells by endonuclease cleavage, preferentially at UG dinucleotides. An endonuclease activity in polysomes of MEL cells cleaved beta-globin and albumin mRNA in vitro at many of the same sites as PMR1, an mRNA endonuclease purified from Xenopus liver. Stable transfection of MEL cells expressing normal human beta-globin mRNA with a plasmid vector expressing the catalytically active form of PMR1 reduced the half-life of beta-globin mRNA from 12 to 1-2 h without altering GAPDH mRNA decay. The reduced stability of beta-globin mRNA in these cells was accompanied by an increase in the production of mRNA decay products corresponding to those seen in the degradation of nonsense-containing beta-globin mRNA. Therefore, beta-globin mRNA is cleaved in vivo by an endonuclease with properties similar to PMR1. Inhibiting translation with cycloheximide stabilized nonsense-containing beta-globin mRNA, resulting in a fivefold increase in its steady-state level. Taken together, our results indicate that the surveillance of nonsense-containing beta-globin mRNA in erythroid cells is a cytoplasmic process that functions on translating mRNA, and endonucleolytic cleavage constitutes one step in the process of beta-globin mRNA decay. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schoenberg, DR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, 364 Hamilton Hall,1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM schoenberg.3@osu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA16058, P30 CA016058]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM038277, GM38277] NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1157 EP 1167 DI 10.1261/rna.5720303 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 715KE UT WOS:000184970100012 PM 12923263 ER PT J AU Briggs, KL Wohlstetter, P AF Briggs, KL Wohlstetter, P TI Key elements of a successful school-based management strategy SO SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS AND SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT LA English DT Article ID SHARED DECISION-MAKING; INVOLVEMENT; CLASSROOM; REFORM AB School-based management (SBM) is a standard feature of many current reforms. While previous research found that poorly designed and poorly implemented SBM had few positive effects, recent research suggests that SBM can improve instructional programs and produce higher levels of student learning. This article synthesizes research findings from major studies of SBM to identify the core elements of a successful SBM strategy. By comparing schools that successfully used SBM with schools that struggled to implement SBM, we generate 8 elements of schooling that were associated with successful SBM. In brief, these elements address vision, decision-making authority, power, knowledge and skills, information, rewards, leadership, and resources. C1 US DOE, Off Elementary & Secondary Educ, Washington, DC 20202 USA. Univ So Calif, Rossier Sch Educ, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Briggs, KL (reprint author), US DOE, Off Elementary & Secondary Educ, 400 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, DC 20202 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 14 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-3453 J9 SCH EFF SCH IMPROV JI Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 351 EP 372 DI 10.1076/sesi.14.3.351.15840 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 715DM UT WOS:000184955300005 ER PT J AU Dale, VH Adams, WM AF Dale, VH Adams, WM TI Plant reestablishment 15 years after the debris avalanche at Mount St. Helens, Washington SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE life form; normative invasive plants; recovery; succession; volcano ID EARLY PRIMARY SUCCESSION; INFREQUENT DISTURBANCES; 1980 ERUPTION; MECHANISMS; RECOVERY; FOREST; REVEGETATION; MUDFLOW; TEPHRA; RIVER AB Vegetation has slowly reestablished on the debris avalanche deposit in the 15 years after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens that created a 60-km(2) debris avalanche, the largest landslide in recorded history. There has been a gradual increase in species richness and cover, but only 61% of the species present on the mountain before the eruption have established on the debris avalanche deposit. Plant cover averages 38% and is extremely patchy. Life form composition changed over successional time, because part of the avalanche deposit was invaded by introduced plant species aerially seeded to reduce erosion, the site offers the opportunity to compare successional processes occurring with and without introduced species. Long-term recovery trends and effects of normative species on succession are important to understand since plant reestablishment practices often rely on nonnative species for enhancing vegetation recovery of denuded sites along road sides, strip mines, or other human-generated clearing. Fifteen years after the eruption and 10 years since the invasion by introduced species, plots invaded by normative species had greater vegetation cover and more native plant richness than plots that were not inundated. Significantly greater mortality of conifers occurred in the plots dominated by introduced species shortly after the invasion of those species, but no difference in conifer mortality occurred in the last 5 years. Even so, the plots dominated by introduced species still have fewer conifer trees. Thus, the short-term pulse of conifer mortality after the invasion of introduced species may have long-term effects on the recovery of the dominant vegetation. It will likely be decades before there is 100% plant cover on the debris avalanche deposit and a century or more before full recovery of the vegetation system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 1505, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 59 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 313 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00332-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714TH UT WOS:000184929200009 PM 12922064 ER PT J AU Wongpreedee, K Russell, AM Chumbley, LS AF Wongpreedee, K Russell, AM Chumbley, LS TI Thermal stability of deformation processed gold-silver composite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE diffusion; composites; resistivity; microstructure; gold ID INSITU COMPOSITES; BULK DIFFUSION; STRENGTH; ALLOYS AB An Au-14 at.% Ag filamentary composite was annealed at 563, 573, and 583 K. Electrical resistivity was used as a measure of the degree of transformation from the initial metastable nano-filamentary microstructure to the equilibrium solid solution microstructure. The activation energy of this transformation was determined to be 141 kJ/mol. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Metal & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Russell, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Metal & Ceram Sci Program, 3109 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 49 IS 5 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00209-4 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 696VX UT WOS:000183909200008 ER PT J AU Zhu, XK Zhang, X Wang, H Sergueeva, AV Mukherjee, AK Scattergood, RO Narayan, J Koch, CC AF Zhu, XK Zhang, X Wang, H Sergueeva, AV Mukherjee, AK Scattergood, RO Narayan, J Koch, CC TI Synthesis of bulk nanostructured Zn by combinations of cryomilling and powder consolidation by room temperature milling: optimizing mechanical properties SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE mechanical milling; nanocrystalline; tension test ID DISK BEND TEST; NANOCRYSTALLINE ZN AB A new technique is used to synthesize nanocrystalline Zn, i.e. cryomilling followed by in situ consolidation of the powders by room temperature ball milling. The room temperature milling appears to sharpen the broad grain size distribution obtained by cryomilling only. Strength and ductility may be optimized in this way by the control of grain size and grain size distribution. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scattergood, Ronald/D-5204-2009; Koch, Carl/B-9101-2008; Narayan, Jagdish/D-1874-2009; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 6 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 49 IS 5 BP 429 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00297-5 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 696VX UT WOS:000183909200013 ER PT J AU Chu, JP CHiang, CL Mahalingam, T Nieh, TG AF Chu, JP CHiang, CL Mahalingam, T Nieh, TG TI Plastic flow and tensile ductility of a bulk amorphous Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5 alloy at 700 K SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glass; ductility; superplasticity; nanoparticles; crystallization ID METALLIC-GLASS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EXTRUSION; COMPACTS; POWDER AB Tensile deformation behavior of a Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5 bulk metallic glass at 700 K (in the supercooled liquid region) was investigated at strain rates ranging from 3 x 10(-3) to 3 x 10(-2) s(-1). The material exhibited excellent mechanical formability with a maximum elongation of similar to800%. Structures of the material, both before and after deformation, were examined. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung 202, Taiwan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Alagappa Univ, Dept Phys, Karaikkudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Chu, JP (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, 2 Pei Ning Rd, Chilung 202, Taiwan. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 10 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 49 IS 5 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00302-6 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 696VX UT WOS:000183909200014 ER PT J AU Kolda, TG Lewis, RM Torczon, V AF Kolda, TG Lewis, RM Torczon, V TI Optimization by direct search: New perspectives on some classical and modern methods SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Review DE nonlinear programming; nonlinear optimization; direct search; pattern search; simplex search; positive bases; global convergence analysis; local convergence analysis; generating set search ID MODIFIED SIMPLEX METHODS; NELDER-MEAD ALGORITHM; BOUND CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; DERIVATIVE-FREE METHODS; SUPER-MODIFIED SIMPLEX; TRUST-REGION METHODS; FUNCTION MINIMIZATION; PATTERN SEARCH; UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; CALCULATING DERIVATIVES AB Direct search methods are best known as unconstrained optimization techniques that do not explicitly use derivatives. Direct search methods were formally proposed and widely applied in the 1960s but fell out of favor with the mathematical optimization community by the early 1970s because they lacked coherent mathematical analysis. Nonetheless, users remained loyal to these methods, most of which were easy to program, some of which were reliable. In the past fifteen years, these methods have seen a revival due, in part, to the appearance of mathematical analysis, as well as to interest in parallel and distributed computing. This review begins by briefly summarizing the history of direct search methods and considering the special properties of problems for which they are well suited. Our focus then turns to a broad class of methods for which we provide a unifying framework that lends itself to a variety of convergence results. The underlying principles allow generalization to handle bound constraints and linear constraints. We also discuss extensions to problems with nonlinear constraints. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Comp Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Kolda, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tgkolda@sandia.gov; buckaroo@math.wm.edu; va@cs.wm.edu RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009 OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493 NR 283 TC 656 Z9 669 U1 10 U2 90 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 45 IS 3 BP 385 EP 482 DI 10.1137/S003614450242889 PG 98 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 721TT UT WOS:000185334000002 ER PT J AU Altay-Salih, A Pincar, MC Leyffer, S AF Altay-Salih, A Pincar, MC Leyffer, S TI Constrained nonlinear programming for volatility estimation with GARCH models SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Article DE time series econometrics; constrained nonlinear programming; multivariate CARCH; volatility estimation; maximum likelihood estimation ID CONDITIONAL HETEROSKEDASTICITY; GENERALIZED ARCH; STOCK RETURNS; EXCHANGE; FUTURES; PRICES AB This paper proposes a constrained nonlinear programming view of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) volatility estimation models in financial econometrics. These models are usually presented to the reader as unconstrained optimization models with recursive terms in the literature, whereas they actually fall into the domain of nonconvex nonlinear programming. Our results demonstrate that constrained nonlinear programming is a worthwhile exercise for GARCH models, especially for the bivariate and trivariate cases, as they offer a significant improvement in the quality of the solution of the optimization problem over the diagonal VECH and the BEKK representations of the multivariate GARCH model. C1 Bilkent Univ, Fac Management, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. Bilkent Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Dundee, Dept Math, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Altay-Salih, A (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Fac Management, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 45 IS 3 BP 485 EP 503 DI 10.1137/S0036144501400115 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 721TT UT WOS:000185334000004 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Todd, DE Tolbert, VR AF Johnson, DW Todd, DE Tolbert, VR TI Changes in ecosystem carbon and nitrogen in a loblolly pine plantation over the first 18 years SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Approaches and Technologies for Detecting Changes in Forest Soil Carbon Pools CY 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NC ID SOIL CARBON; FOREST MANAGEMENT; UREA FERTILIZER; BIOMASS; NUTRIENT; STORAGE; POOLS; CYCLE; STAND; FATE AB Eighteen years after the establishment of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, ecosystem C content had approximately tripled (from 54 to 161 Mg C ha(-1)) primarily because of increases in tree biomass. Ninety-three percent of the net ecosystem C accumulated in biomass (100 Mg C ha(-1)) and 6% of net ecosystem C accumulated in the forest floor (13 Mg C ha(-1)). No statistically significant changes in soil C were found. Growth responses to fertilization noted in Year 4 were no longer statistically significant in Year 18. Nitrogen accumulation in aboveground biomass and forest floor were approximately equal (averaging approximately 270 kg N ha(-1) each) and could have come from a combination of atmospheric deposition, soil N mineralization, and, in the treated plots, fertilizer input. No statistically significant changes in soil N content were found. The results of this study are similar to those from a previous study in a loblolly pine plantation in South Carolina but contrast with those in nearby deciduous forests where substantial changes in soil C and N over similar time periods have been noted. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Fleischmann Agr Bldg 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu NR 31 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1594 EP 1601 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 721EC UT WOS:000185303200030 ER PT J AU Ebinger, MH Norfleet, ML Breshears, DD Cremers, DA Ferris, MJ Unkefer, PJ Lamb, MS Goddard, KL Meyer, CW AF Ebinger, MH Norfleet, ML Breshears, DD Cremers, DA Ferris, MJ Unkefer, PJ Lamb, MS Goddard, KL Meyer, CW TI Extending the applicability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for total soil carbon measurement SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Approaches and Technologies for Detecting Changes in Forest Soil Carbon Pools CY 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NC ID SEQUESTRATION AB Soils are the major pool of terrestrial C globally. Estimating inventories and detecting changes in the soil C pool have remained elusive, largely because the spatial distribution of soil C varies considerably. New approaches are needed that enable more rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive measurements of soil C and that reduce uncertainty in estimates of C pools and changes in those pools. In this note we extend the application of a new method of total soil C measurement: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Carbon analysis using LIBS provides data in seconds from soils with little preparation, whereas conventional methods such as dry combustion require lengthy sample preparation and longer analysis times. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instruments, unlike conventional instruments, can be used while in the field. This promising new method, however, has potential drawbacks, namely interference with Fe at approximately 248 nm. Here we report results of using a different C line at 193 nm to solve the interference problem. We also use a two-element standardization factor to demonstrate that the 193-mn line is nearly as sensitive to C concentration as the C line at 247.8 nm, and that calibration curves can be readily replicated. Overall these results indicate that LIBS is a very promising method to estimate soil C pools and dynamics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NRCS, USDA, Soil Qual Inst, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ebinger, MH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mhe@lanl.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 23 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1616 EP 1619 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 721EC UT WOS:000185303200033 ER PT J AU Mitrofanov, IG Litvak, ML Kozyrev, AS Sanin, AB Tret'yakov, VI Boynton, WV Shinohara, C Hamara, D Saunders, S Drake, DM AF Mitrofanov, IG Litvak, ML Kozyrev, AS Sanin, AB Tret'yakov, VI Boynton, WV Shinohara, C Hamara, D Saunders, S Drake, DM TI Search for water in Martian soil using global neutron mapping by the Russian HEND instrument onboard the US 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft SO SOLAR SYSTEM RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; NEAR-SURFACE; GROUND ICE; HYDROGEN; DEPOSITS AB We present the first results of the global neutron mapping of Mars by the Russian High-Energy Neutron Detector (HEND) onboard the US 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Global neutron maps of Mars in various spectral ranges allow the content of water ice and adsorbed and bound water in a near-surface layer of the planet I to 2 in in thickness to be estimated. Huge regions of permafrost with a high (several tens of percent by weight) content of water ice are shown to be present in the north and the south of Mars. The continuous observations of Mars for 12 months, from February 18, 2002, through February 8, 2003, are indicative of significant seasonal variations on Mars where the transition from northern winter to northern summer occurred. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitrofanov, IG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Profsoyuznaya 84-32, Moscow 117997, Russia. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0038-0946 J9 SOLAR SYST RES+ JI Solar Syst. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 37 IS 5 BP 366 EP 377 DI 10.1023/A:1026018811877 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735UQ UT WOS:000186133300002 ER PT J AU Litvak, ML Mitrofanov, IG Kozyrev, AS Sanin, AB Tret'yakov, VI Boynton, WV Shinohara, C Hamara, D Saunders, S Drake, DM Zuber, MT Smith, DE AF Litvak, ML Mitrofanov, IG Kozyrev, AS Sanin, AB Tret'yakov, VI Boynton, WV Shinohara, C Hamara, D Saunders, S Drake, DM Zuber, MT Smith, DE TI Seasonal neutron-flux variations in the polar caps of Mars as revealed by the Russian HEND instrument onboard the NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft SO SOLAR SYSTEM RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; HYDROGEN AB We analyze the flux of epithermal neutrons from the Martian surface recorded by the Russian Highy Energy Neutron Detector (HEND) from February 19 through December 19, 2002. The HEND was installed onboard the NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft and is designed to measure neutron fluxes with energies above I eV. Over the period of observations, statistically significant variations in the flux of epithermal (10-100 keV) neutrons were found in the northern and southern polar caps. The largest neutron-flux variations were found at subpolar latitudes, where the relative difference between the summer and winter values can reach severalfold. This correlation becomes weaker with increasing distance from the poles. Thus, the relative chan-e in the neutron flux near the 60degrees parallel is slightly more than 10%. We assume that the detected variations result from the global circulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide in subpolar Martian regions. To additionally test this assumption, we compared the HEND neutron measurements onboard 2001 Mars Odyssey and the seasonal variations in the CO(2)-layer thickness as observed by the Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter (MOLA) onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Litvak, ML (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Profsoyuznaya 84-32, Moscow 117997, Russia. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0038-0946 J9 SOLAR SYST RES+ JI Solar Syst. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 37 IS 5 BP 378 EP 386 DI 10.1023/A:1026070828716 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735UQ UT WOS:000186133300003 ER PT J AU Pauly, TA Ekstrom, JL Beebe, DA Chrunyk, B Cunningham, D Griffor, M Kamath, A Lee, SE Madura, R Mcguire, D Subashi, T Wasilko, D Wafts, P Mylari, BL Oates, PJ Adams, PD Rath, VL AF Pauly, TA Ekstrom, JL Beebe, DA Chrunyk, B Cunningham, D Griffor, M Kamath, A Lee, SE Madura, R Mcguire, D Subashi, T Wasilko, D Wafts, P Mylari, BL Oates, PJ Adams, PD Rath, VL TI X-ray crystallographic and kinetic studies of human sorbitol dehydrogenase SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; LIVER ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; REVERSIBLE INHIBITION; VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NERVE-CONDUCTION; POLYOL PATHWAY; COMPLICATIONS; BINDING AB Sorbitol dehydrogenase (hSDH) and aldose reductase form the polyol pathway that interconverts glucose and fructose. Redox changes from overproduction of the coenzyme NADH by SDH may play a role in diabetes-induced dysfunction in sensitive tissues, making SDH a therapeutic target for diabetic complications. We have purified and determined the crystal structures of human SDH alone, SDH with NAD(+), and SDH with NADH and an inhibitor that is competitive with fructose. hSDH is a tetramer of identical, catalytically active subunits. In the apo and NAD(+) complex, the catalytic zinc is coordinated by His69, Cys44, Glu70, and a water molecule. The inhibitor coordinates the zinc through an oxygen and a nitrogen atom with the concomitant dissociation of Glu70. The inhibitor forms hydrophobic interactions to NADH and likely sterically occludes substrate binding. The structure of the inhibitor complex provides a framework for developing more potent inhibitors of hSDH. C1 Pfizer Inc, Global Res & Dev, Exploratory Med Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Pfizer Inc, Global Res & Dev, Dept Cardiovasc & Metab Dis Biol, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Pfizer Inc, Global Res & Dev, Groton Labs, Dept Med Chem, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rath, VL (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Global Res & Dev, Exploratory Med Sci, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 NR 49 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD SEP PY 2003 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1071 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(03)00167-9 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 721EF UT WOS:000185303500005 PM 12962626 ER PT J AU Barnum, H AF Barnum, H TI Quantum information processing, operational quantum logic, convexity, and the foundations of physics SO STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum information; foundations of quantum mechanics; quantum computation; quantum logic; convexity; operational theories ID EXPECTED LEXICOGRAPHIC UTILITY; EFFECT ALGEBRAS; CLASSICAL INFORMATION; REVERSIBLE EXTRACTION; TENSOR-PRODUCTS; MIXED STATES; MECHANICS; ORTHOALGEBRAS; COMPUTATION; COMPUTER AB Quantum information science is a source of task-related axioms whose consequences can be explored in general settings encompassing quantum mechanics, classical theory, and more. Quantum states are compendia of probabilities for the outcomes of possible operations we may perform on a system: "operational states." I discuss general frameworks for "operational theories" (sets of possible operational states of a system), in which convexity plays key role. The main technical content of the paper is in a theorem that any such theory naturally gives rise to a "weak effect algebra" when outcomes having the same probability in all states are identified and in the introduction of a notion of "operation algebra" that also takes account of sequential and conditional operations. Such frameworks are appropriate for investigating what things look like from an "inside view," i.e., for describing perspectival information that one subsystem of the world can have about another. Understanding how such views can combine, and whether an overall "geometric" picture ("outside view") coordinating them all can be had, even if this picture is very different in structure from the perspectives within it, is the key to whether we may be able to achieve a unified, "objective" physical view in which quantum mechanics is the appropriate description for certain perspectives, or whether quantum mechanics is truly telling us we must go beyond this "geometric" conception of physics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnum, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM barnum@lanl.gov NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1355-2198 J9 STUD HIST PHILOS M P JI Stud. Hist. Philos. Mod. Phys. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 34B IS 3 BP 343 EP 379 DI 10.1016/S1355-2198(03)00033-9 PG 37 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC History & Philosophy of Science; Physics GA 705FV UT WOS:000184385800002 ER PT J AU Bielejec, E Seamons, JA Lilly, MP Simmons, JA Reno, JL AF Bielejec, E Seamons, JA Lilly, MP Simmons, JA Reno, JL TI 0.7 structure in long quantum wires SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscopic Structures/4th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Maui, HI DE quantum wires; nonlinear transport; 0.7 structure ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSTRICTION; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB While quantized conductance steps in short quantum wires are understood through a single electron picture, additional structure often observed in high-quality one-dimensional systems near g = 0.7 x (2e(2)/h) is commonly interpreted as arising due to many-body interactions. Most studies of conductance structure below 2e(2)/h use short one-dimensional wires where transport is known to be ballistic. We report transport measurements for both short (0.5 mum) and long (5 mum) quantum wires, and use both conductance and nonlinear transport to explore the behavior of one-dimensional wires. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mplilly@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD SEP-DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3-6 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2004.03.047 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 849WG UT WOS:000223571600055 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Rinkevicius, Z Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Rinkevicius, Z Tsifrinovich, VI TI Single-spin measurements for quantum computation using magnetic resonance force microscopy SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscopic Structures/4th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Maui, HI DE magnetic resonance force microscopy; magnetic resonance; cantilever; quantum measurement; Schrodinger cat state; decoherence; single-spin measurement AB The quantum theory of a single-spin measurement using magnetic resonance force microscopy is presented. We use an oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversal technique. The frequency shift of the cantilever vibrations is estimated. We show that the frequency shift causes the formation of a Schrodinger cat state for the cantilever. The interaction between the cantilever and the environment quickly destroys the coherence between the two cantilever trajectories. It is shown that using partial adiabatic reversals one can obtain a significant increase in the frequency shift. We discuss the possibility of sub-magneton spin density detection in molecules using magnetic resonance force microscopy. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Royal Inst Technol, Lab Theoret Chem, SCFAB, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpb@lanl.gov RI Rinkevicius, Zilvinas/F-9951-2013; OI Rinkevicius, Zilvinas/0000-0003-2729-0290; borgonovi, fausto/0000-0002-9730-1189 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD SEP-DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3-6 BP 509 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2004.03.050 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 849WG UT WOS:000223571600058 ER PT J AU Rim, KT Fitts, JP Muller, T Adib, K Camillone, N Osgood, RM Joyce, SA Flynn, GW AF Rim, KT Fitts, JP Muller, T Adib, K Camillone, N Osgood, RM Joyce, SA Flynn, GW TI CCl4 chemistry on the reduced selvedge of a alpha-Fe2O3(0001) surface: a scanning tunneling microscopy study SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; scanning tunneling spectroscopies; surface chemical reaction; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; iron oxide; halogens; single crystal surfaces ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL HEMATITE; IRON-OXIDE SURFACES; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FE3O4(111); ADSORPTION; MAGNETITE; PT(111); METAL; FEO AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) were used to study the degradation of CCl4 on the reduced selvedge of a natural single crystal alpha-Fe2O3(0001) surface in ultrahigh vacuum. Before exposure to CCl4, STM images indicate that approximately 85% of the reduced surface exhibits a Fe3O4(111) 2x2 termination, while the remaining 15% is terminated by 1x1 and superstructure phases. Images obtained after room temperature dosing with CCl4 and subsequent flashing to 600 K reveal that chlorine atoms are adsorbed only on surface regions with the Fe3O4(111) 2 x 2 termination, not on 1x1 and superstructure regions. Chlorine atoms from dissociative adsorption of CCl4 are observed to occupy two distinct positions located atop lattice protrusions and in threefold oxygen vacancy sites. However, in companion chemical labeling experiments, chlorine atoms provided by room temperature, dissociative Cl-2 adsorption on this surface are found to occupy sites atop lattice protrusions exclusively. The clear dissimilarity in STM feature shape and brightness at the two distinct chlorine adsorption sites arising from CCl4 dissociation as well as the results of the Cl-2 chemical labeling experiments are best explained via reactions on a Fe3O4(111) 2x2 selvedge terminated by a 1/4 monolayer of tetrahedrally coordinated iron atoms. On this surface, adsorption atop an iron atom occurs for both the CCl4 and Cl-2 dissociative reactions. A second adsorption site, assigned as binding to second layer iron atoms left exposed following surface oxygen atom abstraction resulting in the formation of phosgene (COCl2), only appears in the case of reaction with CCl4. The reaction mechanism and active site requirements for CCl4 degradation on iron oxide surfaces are discussed in light of this evidence and in the context of our previously reported results from Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), LEED, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Environm Mol Sci Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Mat Sci Program, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Flynn, GW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Environm Mol Sci Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Fitts, Jeffrey/J-3633-2012; Joyce, Stephen/Q-7804-2016 OI Joyce, Stephen/0000-0003-1330-7362 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 541 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00849-5 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715KJ UT WOS:000184970600007 ER PT J AU Todorova, M Lundgren, E Blum, V Mikkelsen, A Gray, S Gustafson, J Borg, M Rogal, J Reuter, K Andersen, JN Scheffler, M AF Todorova, M Lundgren, E Blum, V Mikkelsen, A Gray, S Gustafson, J Borg, M Rogal, J Reuter, K Andersen, JN Scheffler, M TI The Pd(100)-(root 5 x root 5)R27 degrees-O surface oxide revisited SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; photoemission (total yield); photoelectron spectroscopy; low energy electron diffraction (LEED); density functional calculations; palladium; oxygen ID TENSOR LEED; PD(100); OXYGEN; OXIDATION; GEOMETRY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; APPROXIMATION; DESORPTION; GROWTH; PHASE AB Combining high-resolution core-level spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and density-functional theory calculations we reanalyze the Pd(100)-(root5 x root5)R27degrees-O surface oxide phase. We find that the prevalent structural model, a rumpled PdO(001) film suggested by previous low energy electron diffraction (LEED) work [Surf. Sci. 494 (2001) L799], is incompatible with all three employed methods. Instead, we suggest the two-dimensional film to consist of a strained PdO(101) layer on top of Pd(100). LEED intensity calculations show that this model is compatible with the experimental data of Saidy et al. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Synchrotron Radiat Res, Inst Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lundgren, E (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Synchrotron Radiat Res, Inst Phys, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RI Lundgren, Edvin/F-5551-2010; Reuter, Karsten/C-1181-2010; Reuter, Karsten/D-9442-2011; Blum, Volker/J-6591-2012; Scheffler, Matthias/O-4649-2016 OI Reuter, Karsten/0000-0001-8473-8659; Blum, Volker/0000-0001-8660-7230; NR 39 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 541 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00873-2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715KJ UT WOS:000184970600010 ER PT J AU Fournee, V Barrow, JA Shimoda, M Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Thiel, PA Tsai, AP AF Fournee, V Barrow, JA Shimoda, M Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Thiel, PA Tsai, AP TI Palladium clusters formed on the complex pseudo-10-fold surface of the zeta '-Al77.5Pd19Mn3.5 approximant crystal SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; photoelectron spectroscopy; epitaxy; metallic surfaces; palladium; alloys ID AL-PD-MN; QUASI-CRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; OXYGEN; ALLOYS; SUPERLATTICES; HOMOEPITAXY AB The growth and properties of a Pd thin film deposited on a structurally complex surface are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and photoemission spectroscopy. The substrate is the pseudo-10-fold surface of the xi'-Al77.5Pd19Mn3.5 crystal, an approximant of the AlPdMn quasicrystalline phase. Spectroscopic data are consistent with a low density of electronic states around the Fermi level for the clean surface, in agreement with the poorly conducting nature of this intermetallic alloy. Deposited Pd atoms readily form small metal particles with relatively homogeneous size on the substrate, for coverages ranging from the submonolayer regime up to 7 NIL. The Pd particles do not coalesce with time and are relatively stable upon annealing up to 920 K. Their average size increases slightly with film thickness. The local electronic structure of the Pd thin film has been studied by STS and appears to be particle-size dependent, with a transition from non-metal to metal, deduced from I(V) characteristics with increasing particle size. A shift of the Pd-3d core level is also measured by photoemission, and it can be correlated with a shift of the Pd-d band toward the Fermi level. The growth mode of the Pd film on the xi' approximant surface and its electronic structure are discussed in relation to Pd thin films grown on metal-oxides that are used as model catalysts. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Mines, CNRS, UMR7584, LSG2M, F-54042 Nancy, France. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fournee, V (reprint author), Ecole Mines, CNRS, UMR7584, LSG2M, Parc Saurupt, F-54042 Nancy, France. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 541 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00781-7 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715KJ UT WOS:000184970600014 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS Logan, J Wang, GJ Franceschi, D Volkow, ND Telang, F Pappas, N Ferrieri, R Shea, C Garza, V Xu, YW King, P Schlyer, D Gatley, SJ Ding, YS Warner, D Netusil, N Carter, P Jayne, M Alexoff, D Zhu, W Vaska, P AF Fowler, JS Logan, J Wang, GJ Franceschi, D Volkow, ND Telang, F Pappas, N Ferrieri, R Shea, C Garza, V Xu, YW King, P Schlyer, D Gatley, SJ Ding, YS Warner, D Netusil, N Carter, P Jayne, M Alexoff, D Zhu, W Vaska, P TI Monoamine oxidase A imaging in peripheral organs in healthy human subjects SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-BRAIN; B INHIBITION; L-DEPRENYL; MAO-A; PET; BINDING; LOCALIZATION; METABOLISM; DOPAMINE; TISSUES AB Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of many biogenic and dietary amines. Though studies of MAO have focused mainly on its regulatory role in the brain, MAO in peripheral organs also represents a vast mechanism for detoxifying vasoactive compounds as well as for terminating the action of physiologically active amines, which can cross the blood brain barrier. Indeed, robust central and peripheral MAO activity is a major requirement in the safe use of many CNS drugs, particularly antidepressants, and thus an awareness of the M-A0 inhibitory potential of drugs is essential in therapeutics. In this study, we examined the feasibility of quantifying MAO A in peripheral organs in healthy human subjects using comparative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with carbon-11 (t(1/2): 20.4 min) labeled clorgyline ([C-11]clorgyline) a suicide inactivator of MAO A and its deuterium labeled counterpart ([C-11]clorgyline-D2). Heart, lungs, kidneys, thyroid, and spleen showed a robust deuterium isotope effect characteristic of MAO and the magnitude of the effect was similar to that of trancylcypromine, an irreversible MAO inhibitor used in the treatment of depression. Liver time-activity curves were not affected by deuterium substitution precluding the estimation of liver MAO in vivo. In organs showing an isotope effect, MAO A is greatest in the lungs and kidneys followed by the thyroid and heart. This method, which has been previously applied in the human brain, opens the possibility to also directly assess the effects of different variables including smoking, dietary substances, drugs, disease, and genetics on peripheral MAO A in humans. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 15380] NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 49 IS 3 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1002/sync.10231 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 702HG UT WOS:000184218000005 PM 12774302 ER PT J AU West, JAA Van Winkle, LS Morin, D Fleschner, CA Forman, HJ Plopper, CG AF West, JAA Van Winkle, LS Morin, D Fleschner, CA Forman, HJ Plopper, CG TI Repeated inhalation exposures to the bioactivated cytotoxicant naphthalene (NA) produce airway-specific Clara cell tolerance in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE naphthalene (NA); glutathione (GSH); gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS); buthionine sulfoximine (BSO); tolerance resistance ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; MRP/GS-X PUMP; RAT LUNG; GLUTATHIONE; CYTOCHROME-P450; METABOLISM; STEREOSELECTIVITY; EPOXIDATION; MAINTENANCE; EXPRESSION AB Repeated exposures to bioactivated cytotoxicants such as naphthalene (NA) render the target population, Clara cells, resistant to further injury through a glutathione-dependent mechanism. The current studies were designed to test the hypothesis that the mechanism for tolerance is localized in Clara cells. We used three approaches to test this hypothesis. First, using airway explants from tolerant mice maintained in culture, we sought to determine if the mechanism of Clara cell tolerance was airway-specific. Second, using inhalation as the route of exposure, we sought to determine if Clara cells at all airways levels become tolerant to repeated inhalation exposures of NA. Third, by measuring gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity and expression we determined if tolerance to inhaled NA resulted from shifts in phase-II metabolism. Our results indicate that Clara cells in explants from tolerant mice remained tolerant to NA injury in culture. When mice were exposed to repeated inhalation exposures of NA (15 ppm), we found that Clara cells at all airway levels became tolerant. Expression and activity analysis revealed that gamma-GCS, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, is induced in tolerant Clara cells. Buthionine sulfoximine, a gamma-GCS inhibitor, was able to eliminate the resistance of these tolerant cells. We conclude: (1) the mechanism of NA tolerance in Clara cells is airway specific, (2) the specific mechanism allows Clara cells to become tolerant to NA vapor at levels relevant to human exposure, and (3) the mechanism of tolerance to inhaled NA is highly dependent on induction of the catalytic enzyme, gamma-GCS. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP West, JAA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, MS9951, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Forman, Henry Jay/0000-0001-5838-2791 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00628, ES04311, ES04699, ES05511, ES05707, ES06700, ES09681] NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 75 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg156 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 714UJ UT WOS:000184931600020 PM 12805647 ER PT J AU Glesne, DA AF Glesne, DA TI Bridging the electrochemical and biological worlds with hybrid nanocomposites SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLE PROBES; HOLE TRANSPORT; GENE; DNA AB Recent discoveries arising from a combination of the biological, physical, chemical and materials sciences have resulted in the invention of numerous hybrid molecules that possess strengths inherent to each individual discipline. Nanocomposites that link biological molecules to inorganic moieties have led to a family of new reagents with unique capabilities for cellular imaging and macromolecule detection. A recent report has extended the applications of these hybrid molecules from their use as detection and scaffolding reagents into the realm of a biologically functional molecule. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Sci & Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Glesne, DA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Sci & Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 9 BP 379 EP 380 DI 10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00192-6 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 721HL UT WOS:000185310900005 PM 12948668 ER PT J AU Zhu, YG Miller, RM AF Zhu, YG Miller, RM TI Carbon cycling by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil-plant systems SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID HYPHAE; SEQUESTRATION; GLOMALIN; C-14 AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in regulating carbon fluxes between the biosphere and the atmosphere. A recent study showed that live hyphae can turn over rapidly, in five to six days on average, suggesting that carbon flow to AMF hyphae might be respired back to the atmosphere quickly. However, that study gives a limited view of the residence time of AMF hyphae in soils. AMF hyphae can also contribute to soil carbon storage through other mechanisms. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhu, YG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, POB 934, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RI Zhu, Yong-Guan/A-1412-2009 OI Zhu, Yong-Guan/0000-0003-3861-8482 NR 21 TC 129 Z9 154 U1 10 U2 111 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 8 IS 9 BP 407 EP 409 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00184-5 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 726BR UT WOS:000185578600003 PM 13678905 ER PT J AU Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ AF Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ TI Localization in elastic and inelastic scattering SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Strategies and Advances in Atomic-Level Spectroscopy and Analysis (SALSA) CY MAY 05-09, 2002 CL GUADELOUPE, GUADELOUPE SP Gatan, FEI, Nion, JEOL, LEO, CEOS DE STEM; aberration; Cs-correction; EELS; localization; delocalization; coherence ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; DELOCALIZATION; APPROXIMATION; CONTRAST AB The degree of information localization in elastic and inelastic scattering is examined in the context of imaging zone axis crystals in the aberration corrected STEM. We show that detector geometry is a critical factor in determining the localization, and compare a number of different geometries. Experimental core loss line traces demonstrate strong EELS localization at the titanium L-edge, even in the presence of dynamical elastic scattering. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lupini, AR (reprint author), Condensed Matter Sci Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd Bldg 3025,Mailstop 6031, Oak Ridge, TN 37923 USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD SEP PY 2003 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(03)00096-2 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 705NX UT WOS:000184402100008 PM 12871797 ER PT J AU Grogger, W Schaffer, B Krishnan, KM Hofer, F AF Grogger, W Schaffer, B Krishnan, KM Hofer, F TI Energy-filtering TEM at high magnification: spatial resolution and detection limits SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Strategies and Advances in Atomic-Level Spectroscopy and Analysis (SALSA) CY MAY 05-09, 2002 CL GUADELOUPE, GUADELOUPE SP Gatan, FEI, Nion, JEOL, LEO, CEOS DE energy-filtering TEM; spatial resolution; detection limit ID LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; MATERIALS SCIENCE; ELECTRON; SEGREGATION; ALLOY AB Energy-filtering TEM (EFTEM) has turned out to be a very efficient and rapid tool for the chemical characterization of a specimen on a nanometer and even subnanometer length scale. Especially, the detection and measurement of very thin layers has become a great application of this technique in many materials science fields, e.g. semiconductors and hard disk technology. There, the reliability of compositional profiles is an important issue. However, the experimentally obtainable spatial resolution strongly influences the appearance of a thin layer in an EFTEM image, when dimensions reach subnanometer levels, which mainly leads to a broadening of the layer in the image. This fact has to be taken into account, when measuring the thickness of such a thin layer. Additionally, the convolution decreases contrast which makes the layer less visible in the image and finally determines the detection limit. In this work we present a systematic study on specifically designed Mn/PdMn multilayer test specimens to explore the practical aspects of spatial resolution and detection limits in EFTEM. Although specific to the ionization edges used, we will present general conclusions about the practical limitations in terms of EFTEM spatial resolution. Additionally, work will be shown about low energy-loss imaging of thin oxide layers, where delocalization is the main factor responsible for broadening. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Graz Univ Technol, Res Inst Electron Microscopy, A-8010 Graz, Austria. NCEM, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grogger, W (reprint author), Graz Univ Technol, Res Inst Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, A-8010 Graz, Austria. OI Schaffer, Bernhard/0000-0002-8111-0257; Hofer, Ferdinand/0000-0001-9986-2193 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD SEP PY 2003 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(03)00110-4 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 705NX UT WOS:000184402100021 PM 12871810 ER PT J AU Brubakk, AO Arntzen, AJ Wienke, BR Koteng, S AF Brubakk, AO Arntzen, AJ Wienke, BR Koteng, S TI Decompression profile and bubble formation after dives with surface decompression: Experimental support for a dual phase model of decompression SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pulmonary artery bubbles; jugular vein; reduced gradient bubble model; surface decompression ID PRESSURE REDUCTION; GAS-BUBBLES; BLOOD; EXPOSURES; SICKNESS; LIMITS AB Brubakk AO, Arntzen AJ, Wienke BR, Koteng S. Decompression profile and bubble formation after dives with surface decompression: Experimental support for a dual phase model of decompression. Undersea Hyperb Med 2003; 30(3): 181-193 - The present study was initiated in order to determine the effect of decompression profiles on bubble formation following surface decompression using oxygen. Following an air dive to 496 kPa (130 fsw) for 90 minutes, three different profiles were tested in the pig; a USN staged decompression profile, a profile using linear continuous decompression with the same total decompression time as the USN profile (ABI) and a linear profile with half the total decompression time compared to the the first two (ABII). The subsequent surface decompression at 220 kPa lasted 68 minutes for all three schedules. The study demonstrated that, following final decompression, the two linear profiles produced the lowest amount of vascular gas, with the fastest profile producing significantly less bubbles in the Pulmonary artery than the other two. Similar results were obtained in the jugular vein. The results are in qualitative agreement with model simulation using the Reduced Gradient Bubble Model (RGBM), demonstrating that the controlling. tissues are reduced from those with a half time of 40 minutes using the USN procedure to 5 minutes using the fastest linear profile. C1 NTNU, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway. Barotech, N-5000 Bergen, Norway. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brubakk, AO (reprint author), NTNU, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 30 IS 3 BP 181 EP 193 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 736BK UT WOS:000186150300003 PM 14620098 ER PT J AU Kenyon, GT Moore, B Jeffs, J Denning, KS Stephens, GJ Travis, BJ George, JS Theiler, J Marshak, DW AF Kenyon, GT Moore, B Jeffs, J Denning, KS Stephens, GJ Travis, BJ George, JS Theiler, J Marshak, DW TI A model of high-frequency oscillatory potentials in retinal ganglion cells SO VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE synchrony; gamma oscillations; alpha ganglion cell; amacrine cell; gap junction; simulation ID LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; NEURONAL SPIKE TRAINS; CAT RETINA; AMACRINE CELLS; MAMMALIAN RETINAE; PRIMATE RETINA; BIPOLAR CELLS; OFF-ALPHA; Y-CELL; RESPONSES AB High-frequency oscillatory potentials (HFOPs) have been recorded from ganglion cells in cat, rabbit, frog, and mudpuppy retina and in electroretinograms (ERGs) from humans and other primates. However, the origin of HFOPs is unknown. Based on patterns of tracer coupling, we hypothesized that HFOPs could be generated, in part, by negative feedback from axon-bearing amacrine cells excited via electrical synapses with neighboring ganglion cells. Computer simulations were used to determine whether such axon-mediated feedback was consistent with the experimentally observed properties of HFOPs. (1) Periodic signals are typically absent from ganglion cell PSTHs, in part because the phases of retinal HFOPs vary randomly over time and are only weakly stimulus locked. In the retinal model, this phase variability resulted from the nonlinear properties of axon-mediated feedback in combination with synaptic noise. (2) HFOPs increase as a function of stimulus size up to several times the receptive-field center diameter. In the model, axon-mediated feedback pooled signals over a large retinal area, producing HFOPs that were similarly size dependent. (3) HFOPs are stimulus specific. In the model, gap junctions between neighboring neurons caused contiguous regions to become phase locked, but did not synchronize separate regions. Model-generated HFOPs,were consistent with the receptive-field center dynamics and spatial organization of cat alpha cells. HFOPs did not depend qualitatively on the exact value of any model parameter or on the numerical precision of the integration method. We conclude that HFOPs could be mediated, in part, by circuitry consistent with known retinal anatomy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Bioengn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Houston, TX 77225 USA. RP Kenyon, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-21 Biophys,MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gkenyon@lanl.gov OI Moore IV, Bartlett/0000-0002-3164-0452 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY06472, R01 EY006472]; NINDS NIH HHS [P01 NS038310, P01 NS038310-05, NS38310] NR 72 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0952-5238 J9 VISUAL NEUROSCI JI Visual Neurosci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 20 IS 5 BP 465 EP 480 DI 10.1017/S0952523803205010 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 771MH UT WOS:000188789600001 PM 14977326 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT Stephens, JJ Hlava, PF Walker, CA AF Vianco, PT Stephens, JJ Hlava, PF Walker, CA TI A barrier layer approach to limit Ti scavenging in FeNiCo/Ag-Cu-Ti/Al2O3 active braze joints SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brazing ceramics hermeticity; Ag-CuTi filler metal; molybdenum-coated spacers; joint pull strength; barrier layer; titanium scavenging ID ALUMINA; METAL AB Poor hermeticity was observed with Al2O3/Fe-29Ni-17Co spacer/Al2O3 joints brazed with the active Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal. A TixOy reaction layer did not form at the Ag-Cu-Ti/Al2O3 interface because titanium was scavenged from the filler metal via the formation of an (Fe, Ni, Co)-Ti phase. Altering the brazing parameters did not curtail the scavenging mechanism. A molybdenum barrier layer was sputter-deposited on the Fe-29Ni-17Co spacer with thicknesses of 100, 250, 1000, 2500, or 5000 Angstrom. The 250-Angstrom molybdenum-coated spacers produced hermetic joints having excellent strength when assembled with an 850degreesC (1562degreesF) brazing temperature (3 or 5 min brazing times). Molybdenum thicknesses from 250 to 5000 Angstrom resulted in hermetic joints with excellent strength when the brazing temperature was increased to 875degreesC (1607degreesF). It was determined that a minimum TixOy thickness of approximately 0.75 to 1.0 mum was required for hermeticity. A TixOy reaction layer thickness in the range of 0.75 to 2.0 mum provided consistently good pull strength performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 82 IS 9 BP 252S EP 262S PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 746VU UT WOS:000186769000019 ER PT J AU Sharitz, RR AF Sharitz, RR TI Carolina bay wetlands: Unique habitats of the southeastern United States SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE depression wetlands; Carolina bays; Delmarva bays; variable hydrology; amphibian habitat ID TERRESTRIAL BUFFER ZONES; UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN; SOUTH-CAROLINA; DEPRESSION WETLANDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; WATER CHEMISTRY; USA; VEGETATION; PONDS; CONSERVATION AB Carolina bays, depression wetlands of the southeastern United States Coastal Plain, are "islands" of high species richness within the upland landscape and are the major breeding habitat for numerous amphibians. The 2001 Supreme Court decision that removes isolated wetlands from protection under the Clean Water Act has potential for great losses of these wetland ecosystems. Most Carolina bays are not naturally connected with stream drainages or other water bodies, and their hydrology is driven primarily by rainfall and evapotranspiration. Their potential interaction with shallow ground water is not well-understood. Water levels in these wetlands may vary seasonally and across years from inundated to dry, and organisms inhabiting Carolina bays must be adapted to fluctuating and often unpredictable hydrologic conditions. The ecological importance of these wetlands as habitats for species that require an aquatic environment for a part of their life cycle has been well-documented. Many Carolina bays have been drained and converted to agriculture or other uses, and many of the smaller bays have been poorly inventoried and mapped. If these wetlands are not protected in the future, a major source of biological diversity in the southeastern United States will be lost. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Sharitz, RR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 75 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 34 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 550 EP 562 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0550:CBWUHO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730CR UT WOS:000185812100007 ER PT J AU Gibbons, JW AF Gibbons, JW TI Terrestrial habitat: A vital component for herpetofauna of isolated wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE amphibian; herpetofauna; isolated wetland; reptile; SWANCC; terrestrial corridor ID TURTLE PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; FRESH-WATER TURTLES; SISTRURUS-CATENATUS; CAROLINA BAY; BUFFER ZONES; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENTS; HYDROPERIOD; AMPHIBIANS AB A wetland ecosystem, no matter how small or isolated, includes biotic and abiotic features that interact to promote biodiversity at larger landscape scales. Isolated wetlands, in particular, harbor a significant portion of regional fauna and are often critical habitats for maintaining herpetofaunal biodiversity in southern wetlands. Long-term research on isolated wetlands reveals that two terrestrial habitats contiguous with the wetland-the terrestrial periphery and terrestrial corridors that connect isolated wetlands-are vital for much of the animal community. The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on the SWANCC decision has severely threatened the continued existence of such wetlands and their associated animals. Recognition that terrestrial habitats associated with isolated wetlands are essential elements for enhancing biodiversity could garner support from regulators, resource managers, and the general public in strengthening wetlands protection. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gibbons, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 35 TC 102 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 630 EP 635 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0630:THAVCF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730CR UT WOS:000185812100013 ER PT J AU Barrea, RA Perez, CA Ramos, AY Sanchez, HJ Grenon, M AF Barrea, RA Perez, CA Ramos, AY Sanchez, HJ Grenon, M TI Distribution and incorporation of zinc in biological calcium phosphates SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN DENTAL CALCULUS; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SUBGINGIVAL CALCULUS; MG; WHITLOCKITE; STRONTIUM; ZN AB Human dental calculi are biological calcium phosphates, which consist of an organic phase and an inorganic or mineral phase. In the latter phase, spectrochemical analyses have revealed the presence of several different magnesium and calcium phosphates. As the crystalline structure of the calculus passes through several stages during its allocation in the mouth, special attention is paid to some elements, such as zinc, that can modify the mineralization process. Several in vitro studies relating to the dental calculus mineralization process have been performed so far, but there is a lack of data obtained from biologically synthesized samples. The knowledge of the zinc distribution and incorporation in biological calcium phosphates is of great interest in providing more information about the biological process of calculus formation. In this paper we present surveys of the elemental distribution and incorporation of zinc in human dental calculus, by using a combination of different techniques: x-ray microfluorescence using synchrotron radiation, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. One-dimensional x-ray microfluorescence of zinc and magnesium measurement shows that there is a high accumulation of both elements in the sub-gingival region of the calculus and a strong correlation of their spatial distribution. Experimental Ca/P molar ratios were determined by energy-dispersive spectroscopy to identify different calcium phosphate phases, the sub-gingival region being composed of a mixture of highly and poorly calcified phosphates and the supra-gingival region composed mainly of carbonated hydroxyapatite. Finally, x-ray absorption measurements were carried out at the zinc K edge on synthetic and biological samples. The Zn-O distance and coordination number of the synthetic samples and the supra-gingival calculus show that zinc is adsorbed on these structures, whereas in the sub-gingival samples it is allocated in a cation site. The results are indicative of the active participation of zinc in the calcification process of sub-gingival calculus. Copyright 2003 John (C) Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 IIT, BioCAT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, FaMAF, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, Campinas, SP, Brazil. CNRS, UMR 7590, LMCP, Paris, France. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Odontol, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. RP Barrea, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, BioCAT APS, Bldg 435B,7900 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ramos, Aline /H-6132-2011; Perez, Carlos/F-9949-2013 OI Perez, Carlos/0000-0003-4284-3148 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1002/xrs.657 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 717RT UT WOS:000185104600006 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Naftel, SJ Skinner, W Jones, KW Feng, H AF Martin, RR Naftel, SJ Skinner, W Jones, KW Feng, H TI Micro-synchrotron x-ray fluorescence of the metal distribution in a black spruce tree stem: evidence for radial mobility SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE synchrotron x-ray fluorescence; tree rings; dendroanalysis; Picea mariana ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; WOOD AB Micro-synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence has been used to examine the metal distribution across an entire black spruce stem. The results show the individual elements to be transported and sequestered in different ways so that apparent elemental mobility within the stem changes from element to element. The results suggest that a detailed knowledge of the behavior of each element is required before pollution chronologies can be inferred from dendroanalysis. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Univ S Australia, Ian Wark Res Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RI Skinner, William/A-4002-2011 OI Skinner, William/0000-0002-9606-023X NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1002/xrs.668 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 717RT UT WOS:000185104600008 ER PT J AU Spivey, JJ Geertsema, A Srivastava, R Venkataraman, V Guttirie, H AF Spivey, JJ Geertsema, A Srivastava, R Venkataraman, V Guttirie, H TI Preface - "Natural gas utilization" SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Spivey, JJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/S0920-5861(03)00415-2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 716ZG UT WOS:000185059800001 ER PT J AU Taylor, CE AF Taylor, CE TI Methane conversion via photocatalytic reactions SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article DE methane; methanol; tungsten oxide; photocatalytic AB Research on the conversion of natural gas (methane) has been an ongoing effort at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) for over 20 years. A long-term goal of our research team is to explore novel pathways for the direct conversion of methane to liquid fuels, chemicals, and intermediates. One of our current areas of research is the conversion of methane to methanol, under mild conditions, using light, water, and a semiconductor photocatalyst. The use of three relatively abundant and inexpensive reactants-light, water, and methane-to produce methanol is an attractive process option. The main advantage of using a photocatalyst to promote the photoconversion of methane to methanol is that the presence of the catalyst, in conjunction with an electron-transfer agent, allows reaction to occur with visible light instead of with ultraviolet. This greatly simplifies reactor design and will permit flexibility in the selection of the light source. The products of the reaction of interest, methanol and hydrogen, are both commercially desirable as fuels or chemical intermediates. Reactions were conducted at 1.0 and 10.1 MPa along with methane contained within gas hydrates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Taylor, CE (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0920-5861(03)00295-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 716ZG UT WOS:000185059800003 ER PT J AU Shamsi, A Johnson, CD AF Shamsi, A Johnson, CD TI Effect of pressure on the carbon deposition route in CO2 reforming of (CH4)-C-13 SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article DE synthesis gas; dry reforming; catalysis ID SYNTHESIS GAS; CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE; METHANE; DIOXIDE; SYNGAS; CH4; COMBUSTION; BEHAVIOR; METALS AB In production of synthesis gas (syngas) from natural gas, carbon deposition is the major cause of catalyst deactivation, specifically on Ni-based catalysts. Because the rate of carbon formation is greater than the rate of carbon gasification, carbon accumulates in the catalyst bed. In order to better understand the carbon deposition process at high pressure during dry reforming, we have tested a series of noble metal and Ni-based catalysts at pressures of one, and 14 bar using C-13-labeled methane. The source of the carbon deposition during the reactions was then studied using temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). The results indicated that the source of carbon is different for the reactions conducted at low pressure compared to those performed at higher pressure over noble metal catalysts. At high pressure a significant amount of carbon formed on the catalysts and both methane and carbon dioxide equally contributed to carbon deposition. However, at low pressure the amounts of carbon formed on these catalysts were insignificant and came predominantly from (CO2)-C-12. It was also found that at high pressure the total amount of carbon was higher regardless of catalyst type or composition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shamsi, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880,3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0920-5861(03)00296-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 716ZG UT WOS:000185059800004 ER PT J AU Mahajan, D Goland, AN AF Mahajan, D Goland, AN TI Integrating low-temperature methanol synthesis and CO2 sequestration technologies: application to IGCC plants SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article DE CO2 sequestration; reverse water-gas-shift; methanol synthesis; CO hydrogenation; homogeneous catalysis AB Coupling a low-temperature once-through methanol synthesis process with CO2 separation technology would provide an option for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to address the CO2 mitigation issue and also create the capability to utilize methanol as a peak-shaving fuel. Data are presented that show that several nickel complexes activated by alkoxide bases catalyze facile synthesis of methanol from synthesis gas (primarily a mixture of CO and H-2) in homogeneous liquid phase under mild conditions of temperature (< 150degreesC) and pressure (<5 MPa). Under these mild conditions, batch-mode productivity of up to 20 g mol MeOH/l cat. h is achieved and more importantly, per pass gas conversion and methanol selectivity exceed 90 and 95%, respectively. The overall synthesis gas to methanol process has built-in waste-minimization and minimum by-product formation features and thus achieves CO2 mitigation. The potential of this low-temperature methanol synthesis approach is considered in light of the recent advances in CO2 sequestration technologies. A successful development of this technology may also provide an atom-economical pathway to transport remote natural gas in the form of methanol, a liquid energy-carrier. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Adv Fuels Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Adv Fuels Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0920-5861(03)00303-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 716ZG UT WOS:000185059800011 ER PT J AU Jerden, JL Sinha, AK Zelazny, L AF Jerden, JL Sinha, AK Zelazny, L TI Natural immobilization of uranium by phosphate mineralization in an oxidizing saprolite-soil profile: chemical weathering of the Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uranium; uranyl phosphate; autunite; crandallite; phosphate; Coles Hill ID FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURES; SEDIMENTS; MIGRATION; AUSTRALIA; MINERALS AB Geochemical and mineralogical studies of the 15- to 20-m-thick soil and saprolite profile developed over the Coles Hill uranium deposit demonstrate that uranium transport may be inhibited or naturally attenuated by the precipitation of U(VI) phosphate minerals in oxidizing and saturated soil environments. This study examines geochemical conditions in which these secondary uranium phosphates are formed and remain stable for hundreds of thousands of years. We also describe geochemical conditions that may lead to their dissolution. The lower part of the weathering profile, which consists of groundwater saturated saprolite, contains up to 1300 mg/kg uranium (within the solid). This concentration is approximately 1.5 times greater than the average ore grade of the deposit, indicating that the saturated saprolites are enriched relative to the underlying primary ore. Uranium within this zone is dominantly associated with U(VI) phosphates of the meta-autunite mineral group. Groundwaters from this zone contain less than 14 mug/l uranium suggesting that the U(VI) phosphate minerals present within the Coles Hill saprolites are capable of buffering dissolved uranium concentrations to values significantly lower (by a factor of 2 or more) than the US-EPA maximum contaminant level of 30 mug/l. Above the water table, U(VI) phosphates of the type found in the saturated saprolite zone are not present, and the soil uranium concentration drops to an average value of 250 mg/kg. Thus, the zone of water table fluctuation represents a major transition zone in uranium mineralogy. Mineralogical characterization of the upper part of the profile suggests that geochemical conditions in the unsaturated zone are not conducive to uranium stabilization by meta-autunite group minerals. Uranium within the vadose zone, however, is associated with phosphate (e.g. Al phosphate minerals and sorption with phosphate to ferric oxyhydroxides). As a whole, the Coles Hill soil profile is interpreted to have reached a steady state with respect to uranium transport and immobilization. Results of this study suggest that uranium is leached from the unsaturated part of the profile (meta-autunite unstable) and reprecipitated below the water table where the measured activity ratio of dissolved phosphate to carbonate is higher. Based on estimates of weathering rates for this region, the processes responsible for the dispersal of uranium within the Coles Hill system are estimated to have been active on a time scale of hundreds of thousands of years. This system thus represents an excellent natural laboratory for understanding the long-term mineralogical and geochemical processes involved in the coupling of uranium and phosphorus in natural, fluid-rich systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jerden, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 205, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 199 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00080-9 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 693JH UT WOS:000183713600009 ER PT J AU Link, DD Ladner, EP Elsen, HA Taylor, CE AF Link, DD Ladner, EP Elsen, HA Taylor, CE TI Formation and dissociation studies for optimizing the uptake of methane by methane hydrates SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE gas hydrates; surfactant; experimental method; solid-fluid equilibria ID PHOTOCATALYTIC CONVERSION AB Characteristics such as temperature and pressure profiles for methane hydrate formation and dissociation in pure water, simulated seawater, and water-surfactant systems have been established. A hysteresis effect has been observed for repeated formation-dissociation cycles of the same methane-water system. In an attempt to maximize the uptake of methane during methane hydrate formation, the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate provided methane uptake of over 97% of the theoretical maximum uptake. Additional surfactants were tested for their ability to enhance the uptake of methane for hydrate formation. Successful demonstration of efficient methane storage using hydrate formation enhanced by addition of surfactants could provide a safe, low-cost alternative method for storage of natural gas at remote locations. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Link, DD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 17 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 211 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(03)00153-5 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 707VE UT WOS:000184529900001 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Hendricks, MB DePaolo, DJ Cohen, RC AF Cappa, CD Hendricks, MB DePaolo, DJ Cohen, RC TI Isotopic fractionation of water during evaporation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE evaporation; water isotopes; deuterium excess; hydrologic cycle ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; VOSTOK ICE CORE; MOLECULAR DIFFUSIVITIES; DEUTERIUM EXCESS; STABLE ISOTOPES; TIME-VARIATION; WIND-SPEED; DELTA-D; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE AB Variations in the isotopic content (O-18/O-16 and D/H ratios) of water in the natural environment provide a valuable tracer of the present-day global hydrologic cycle and a record of the climate over at least 400,000 years that is preserved in glacial ice. The interpretation of observed isotopic ratios in water vapor, rain, snow, and ice depends on our understanding of the processes (mainly phase changes) that produce isotopic fractionation. Whereas equilibrium isotopic fractionation is well understood, kinetic effects, or diffusion-controlled fractionation, has a limited experimental foundation. Kinetic effects are significant during evaporation into unsaturated air and during condensation to form ice from vapor. Kinetic effects are also thought to control the deuterium excess (d = deltaD - 8delta(18)O) of precipitation. We describe experiments to observe kinetic effects associated with evaporation. Analysis of our own and previous experiments shows that surface cooling of the liquid is a crucial variable affecting fractionation from evaporating water that has not been properly considered before. Including the effects of evaporative surface cooling reconciles observed D/H fractionation with kinetic theory and removes the need to invoke an unusual size for the HDO molecule. Thus the isotopic molecular diffusivity ratios are D((H2O)-O-18)/D((H2O)-O-16) = 0.9691 and D((HDO)-O-16)/D((H2O)-O-16) = 0.9839. Implications of this work for representation of kinetic fractionation in global circulation models and cloud physics models are briefly discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, B64A Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cappa@uclink.berkeley.edu; mhendric@princeton.edu; depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu; cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 40 TC 184 Z9 192 U1 6 U2 91 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D16 AR 4525 DI 10.1029/2003JD003597 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 720GA UT WOS:000185252000002 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Adsorption-desorption isotherm hysteresis of phenol on a C-18-bonded surface SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption isotherms; adsorption-desorption hysteresis; frontal analysis; band profiles; mobile phase composition; mathematical modeling; phenols ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE SYSTEM PEAKS; BAND PROFILES; STATIONARY PHASE; FINITE-ELEMENTS; VACANCY BANDS; SOLVATION; RETENTION; METHANOL AB Single component adsorption and desorption isotherms of phenol were measured on a high-efficiency Kromasil-C-18 column (N= 15 000 theoretical plates) with pure water as the mobile phase. Adsorption isotherm data were acquired by frontal analysis (FA) for seven plateau concentrations distributed over the whole accessible range of phenol concentration in pure water (5, 10 15, 20, 25, 40, and 60 g/l). Desorption isotherm data were derived from the corresponding rear boundaries, using frontal analysis by characteristic points (FACP). A strong adsorption hysteresis was observed. The adsorption of phenol is apparently modeled by a S-shaped isotherm of the first kind while the desorption isotherm is described by a convex upward isotherm. The adsorption breakthrough curves could not be modeled correctly using the adsorption isotherm because of a strong dependence of the accessible free column volume on the phenol concentration in the mobile phase. It seems that retention in water depends on the extent to which the surface is wetted by the mobile phase, extent which is a function of the phenol concentration, and of the local pressure rate, which varies along the column, and on the initial state of the column. By contrast, the desorption profiles agree well with those calculated with the desorption isotherms using the ideal model, due to the high column efficiency. The isotherm model accounting best for the desorption isotherm data and the desorption profiles is the bi-Langmuir model. Its coefficients were calculated using appropriate weights in the fitting procedure. The evolution of the bi-Langmuir isotherm parameters with the initial equilibrium plateau concentration of phenol is discussed. The FACP results reported here are fully consistent with the adsorption data of phenol previously reported and measured by FA with various aqueous solutions of methanol as the mobile phase. They provide a general, empirical adsorption model of phenol that is valid between 0 and 65% of methanol in water. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 1010 IS 2 BP 153 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01071-9 PG 24 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 716RV UT WOS:000185043300003 PM 12974287 ER PT J AU Aida, M Dupuis, M AF Aida, M Dupuis, M TI IR and Raman intensities in vibrational spectra from direct ab initio molecular dynamics: D2O as an illustration SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE infrared and Raman spectrum; ab initio; direct molecular dynamics; auto-correlation functions; harmonic; anharmonic ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; FORCE-CONSTANTS; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; METHYL-CHLORIDE; LIQUID WATER; BASIS-SETS; HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; SIMULATION; CLUSTERS; TRAJECTORIES AB We illustrate the use of quasi-classical direct molecular dynamics on accurate electron-correlated ab initio potential energy surfaces to extract infrared and Raman intensities in addition to the vibrational density of states of a molecular system. We applied the method to deuterated water D2O using the ab initio MP2 level of electronic structure theory. The initial conditions of kinetic and potential energies of the trajectories were chosen to be consistent with the level nu = 0 of the harmonic normal modes. We obtained the density of states and the IR and Raman intensities by means of the Fourier transforms of the autocorrelation functions of the velocities, dipole moment time-derivatives, and polarizability tensor time-second-derivatives, respectively. The calculated spectrum is in excellent quantitative agreement with the experimentally observed spectrum. The method holds promise to obtain very accurate simulated spectra for small molecules, including IR and Raman intensities. Extensions to the characterization of vibrational effects on the non-linear optical properties of molecules are suggested. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. RP Dupuis, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, K8-91,POB 999,906 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Aida, Misako/D-1670-2010 OI Aida, Misako/0000-0001-8788-1071 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 633 IS 2-3 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(03)00280-X PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 713GW UT WOS:000184850000016 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Telang, FW Springer, CS Volkow, ND AF Lee, JH Telang, FW Springer, CS Volkow, ND TI Abnormal brain activation to visual stimulation in cocaine abusers SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE functional MRI; visual stimulation; cocaine abuse; neurovascular pathology ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; FUNCTIONAL MRI; PHOTIC-STIMULATION; OXYGENATION; HUMANS; CORTEX; COMPLICATIONS; REDUCTION; DISEASE; STROKE AB Chronic cocaine abuse has been associated with cerebrovascular pathology. This is likely to reflect its vasoactive effects; cocaine produces vasoconstriction and reduces cerebral blood flow. We propose that cerebrovascular pathology in chronic cocaine abusers would result in abnormal BOLD [blood oxygenation level dependent] responses to activation stimuli. Here, we used fMRI to compared the BOLD response to photic visual stimulation in neurologically intact active cocaine abusers to that in non-drug-using healthy controls. Cocaine abusers showed a significantly enhanced positive BOLD response to photic stimulation when compared to control subjects. The enhanced activation in the cocaine abusers could result from low resting cerebral blood flow secondary to increased vasoconstriction and/or from low oxidative metabolism during activation. Alternatively, the larger signal intensity in the cocaine abusers could result from inefficient neuronal processing as has been shown to occur in other conditions of cerebral pathology. These findings provide evidence of cerebral dysfunction with chronic cocaine abuse, which could reflect cerebral blood flow or neuronal changes. Further studies are required to determine if the cerebrovascular changes we observed in the cocaine abusers recover with detoxification and to assess their functional consequences. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490,Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Lee, Jing-Huei/J-3978-2016; OI Lee, Jing-Huei/0000-0001-9921-7629; Springer, Charles/0000-0002-5966-2135 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA06891] NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 73 IS 15 BP 1953 EP 1961 DI 10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00548-4 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 710CZ UT WOS:000184664400007 PM 12899920 ER PT J AU Andreotti, M Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, KE Graham, M Hu, M Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G Lo Vetere, M Luppi, E Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, MM Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pedlar, TK Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, JL Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Tomaradze, A Uman, I Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zweber, P AF Andreotti, M Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, KE Graham, M Hu, M Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G Lo Vetere, M Luppi, E Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, MM Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pedlar, TK Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, JL Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Tomaradze, A Uman, I Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zweber, P CA Fermilab E835 Collaboration TI Interference Study of the chi(c0)(1(3)P(0)) in the reaction (p)over-bar-p ->pi(0)pi(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANNIHILATIONS; CHARMONIUM; STATE AB Fermilab experiment E835 has observed (p) over barp annihilation production of the charmonium state chi(c0) and its subsequent decay into pi(0)pi(0). Although the resonant amplitude is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the nonresonant continuum production of pi(0)pi(0), an enhanced interference signal is evident. A partial wave expansion is used to extract physics parameters. The amplitudes J=0 and 2, of comparable strength, dominate the expansion. Both are accessed by L=1 in the entrance (p) over barp channel. The product of the input and output branching fractions is determined to be B((p) over barp-->chi(c0))xB(chi(c0)-->pi(0)pi(0))=(5.09+/-0.81+/-0.25)x10(-7). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Andreotti, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015 OI Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 9 AR 091801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.091801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 719ZJ UT WOS:000185235000009 PM 14525170 ER PT J AU Fiete, GA Zarand, G Damle, K AF Fiete, GA Zarand, G Damle, K TI Effective Hamiltonian for Ga1-xMnxAs in the dilute limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; STATES AB We derive an effective Hamiltonian for Ga1-xMnxAs in the dilute limit, where Ga1-xMnxAs can be described in terms of spin F=3/2 polarons hopping between the Mn sites and coupled to the local Mn spins. We determine the parameters of our model from microscopic calculations. Our approach treats the large Coulomb interaction in a nonperturbative way, captures the effects of spin-orbit coupling and disorder, and is appropriate for other p-doped magnetic semiconductors. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60429 USA. Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Inst Phys Res, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Fiete, GA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Zarand, Gergely/D-4571-2009 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 9 AR 097202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.097202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 719ZJ UT WOS:000185235000045 PM 14525206 ER PT J AU Floro, JA Kotula, PG Seel, SC Srolovitz, DJ AF Floro, JA Kotula, PG Seel, SC Srolovitz, DJ TI Origins of growth stresses in amorphous semiconductor thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC STRESS; ISLAND COALESCENCE; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; MODEL; POLYCRYSTALLINE; GENERATION; RELAXATION; SUBSTRATE AB Stress evolution during deposition of amorphous Si and Ge thin films is remarkably similar to that observed for polycrystalline films. Amorphous semiconductors were used as model materials to study the origins of deposition stresses in continuous films, where suppression of both strain relaxation and epitaxial strain inheritance provides considerable simplification. Our data show that bulk compression is established by surface stress, while a subsequent return to tensile stress arises from elastic coalescence processes occurring on the kinetically roughened surface. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Floro, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 9 AR 096101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.096101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 719ZJ UT WOS:000185235000034 PM 14525195 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Mean-field and anomalous behavior on a small-world network SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB We consider various equilibrium statistical mechanics models with combined short- and long-range interactions and identify the crossover to mean-field behavior, finding anomalous scaling in the width of the mean-field region, as well as in the mean-field amplitudes. We then show that this model enables us, in many cases, to determine the universal critical properties of systems on a small-world network. Finally, we consider nonequilibrium processes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 9 AR 098701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.098701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 719ZJ UT WOS:000185235000057 PM 14525218 ER PT J AU Harris, HH Pickering, IJ George, GN AF Harris, HH Pickering, IJ George, GN TI The chemical form of mercury in fish SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP George, GN (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, 114 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Harris, Hugh/0000-0002-3472-8628 NR 4 TC 739 Z9 761 U1 17 U2 167 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5637 BP 1203 EP 1203 DI 10.1126/science.1085941 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 715ZC UT WOS:000185003500031 PM 12947190 ER PT J AU Lipman, EA Schuler, B Bakajin, O Eaton, WA AF Lipman, EA Schuler, B Bakajin, O Eaton, WA TI Single-molecule measurement of protein folding kinetics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; TRANSFER CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; PEPTIDES; TIME AB In order to investigate the behavior of single molecules under conditions far from equilibrium, we have coupled a microfabricated laminar-flow mixer to a confocal optical system. This combination enables time-resolved measurement of Forster resonance energy transfer after an abrupt change in solution conditions. Observations of a small protein show the evolution of the intramolecular distance distribution as folding progresses. This technique can expose subpopulations, such as unfolded protein under conditions favoring the native structure, that would be obscured in equilibrium experiments. C1 NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosecur Nanosci Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Eaton, WA (reprint author), NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bldg 5,Room 104, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008; Lipman, Everett/D-1696-2009; Schuler, Benjamin/E-7342-2011 OI Schuler, Benjamin/0000-0002-5970-4251 NR 21 TC 280 Z9 289 U1 2 U2 54 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 29 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5637 BP 1233 EP 1235 DI 10.1126/science.1085399 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 715ZC UT WOS:000185003500041 PM 12947198 ER PT J AU Madadi, M VanSiclen, CD Sahimi, M AF Madadi, M VanSiclen, CD Sahimi, M TI Fluid flow and conduction in two-dimensional fractures with rough, self-affine surfaces: A comparative study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE rock fracture; rough; self-affine surfaces; fluid flow; conduction; lattice Boltzmann simulation; random walk ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; NATURAL FRACTURE; SINGLE FRACTURE; ROCK JOINTS; PERMEABILITY; PERCOLATION; FRACTALS; AUTOMATA; APERTURE; EQUATION AB [1] We study fluid flow and conduction in a two-dimensional model of a fracture with rough, self-affine internal surfaces. The model consists of two parallel flat plates on which two rough, self-affine surfaces, characterized by a roughness exponent H, are superimposed. The methods that we use for computing the effective flow and transport properties of the fracture include the lattice Boltzmann method for computing the flow properties, a random walk method for determining the effective conductivity of the (fluid-saturated) fracture, and the Reynolds approximation. We also develop an asymptotic expression for the effective conductivity. The aperture of the fracture, as well as the roughness of its rough surface, are systematically varied in order to assess their effect on the effective permeability and conductivity of the fracture, and also test the accuracy and consistency of the methods. For large mean apertures, and all values of the roughness exponent H, all the methods yield essentially the same results. However, as the mean aperture decreases, the differences between the predictions of the methods increase significantly. We find that the Reynolds approximation provides relatively accurate estimates of the ( hydraulic or electrical) apertures only if the fracture is at least moderately wide and that, similar to real three-dimensional fractures, the electrical aperture is always smaller than the hydraulic fracture. C1 Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci, Zanjan 45195159, Iran. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Comp Applicat 1, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Sahimi, M (reprint author), Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci, Zanjan 45195159, Iran. EM mahyar52@umz.ac.ir; CVS@inel.gov; moe@iran.usc.edu OI Madadi, Mahyar/0000-0002-6296-9082 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B8 AR 2396 DI 10.1029/2002JB002332 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 720GU UT WOS:000185253700005 ER PT J AU Choi, HJ Johnson, JC He, RR Lee, SK Kim, F Pauzauskie, P Goldberger, J Saykally, RJ Yang, PD AF Choi, HJ Johnson, JC He, RR Lee, SK Kim, F Pauzauskie, P Goldberger, J Saykally, RJ Yang, PD TI Self-organized GaN quantum wire UV lasers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID LAYER ORDERING PROCESS; STIMULATED-EMISSION; PHASE-SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; DOTS; SAPPHIRE; EPITAXY; GROWTH AB Quantum wire lasers are generally fabricated through complex overgrowth processes with molecular beam epitaxy. The material systems of such overgrown quantum wires have been limited to Al-Ga-As-P, which leads to emission largely in the visible region. We describe a simple, one-step chemical vapor deposition process for making quantum wire lasers based on the Al-Ga-N system. A novel quantum-wire-in-optical-fiber (Qwof) nanostructure was obtained as a result of spontaneous Al-Ga-N phase separation at the nanometer scale in one dimension. The simultaneous excitonic and photonic confinement within these coaxial Qwof nanostructures leads to the first GaN-based quantum wire UV lasers with a relatively low threshold. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Goldberger, Joshua/F-5484-2011; Choi, Heon-Jin/G-7450-2012; Pauzauskie, Peter/A-1316-2014; Goldberger, Joshua/N-8963-2016; OI Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Kim, Franklin/0000-0002-6548-6588 NR 28 TC 214 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 34 BP 8721 EP 8725 DI 10.1021/jp034734k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 715JH UT WOS:000184968000002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JC Yan, HQ Yang, PD Saykally, RJ AF Johnson, JC Yan, HQ Yang, PD Saykally, RJ TI Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; EPITAXIAL THIN-FILMS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STIMULATED-EMISSION; BUILDING-BLOCKS; GAIN; GROWTH; GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RENORMALIZATION AB Wide band gap semiconductor nanostructures with near-cylindrical geometry and large dielectric constants exhibit two-dimensional ultraviolet and visible photonic confinement (i.e, waveguiding). Combined with optical gain and suitable resonant feedback, the waveguiding behavior facilitates highly directional lasing at room temperature in controlled-growth nanowires. We have characterized the nanowire emission in detail with high-resolution optical microscopy. The waveguiding behavior of individual zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires depends on the wavelength of the emitted light and the directional coupling of the photoluminescence (PL) to the emission dipoles of the nanowire. Polarization studies reveal two distinct regimes of PL characterized by coupling to either guided (bound) or radiation modes of the waveguide, the extent of which depends on wire dimensions. Pumping with high pulse energy engenders the transition from spontaneous to stimulated emission, and analysis of the polarization, line width, and line spacing of the laser radiation facilitates identification of the transverse and longitudinal cavity modes and their gain properties. Interpretation of the lasing spectra as a function of pump fluence, with consideration of ZnO material properties and ultrafast excitation dynamics, demonstrates a transition from exciton (fluence < 1 muJ/cm(2)) to electron-hole plasma dynamics (fluence > 1 muJ/cm(2)) and gain saturation behavior (fluence > 3 muJ/cm(2)) modified by the constraints of the nanoscale cylindrical cavity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 49 TC 452 Z9 461 U1 26 U2 189 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 34 BP 8816 EP 8828 DI 10.1021/jp034482n PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 715JH UT WOS:000184968000018 ER PT J AU Aray, Y Marquez, M Rodriguez, J Coll, S Simon-Manso, Y Gonzalez, C Weitz, DA AF Aray, Y Marquez, M Rodriguez, J Coll, S Simon-Manso, Y Gonzalez, C Weitz, DA TI Electrostatics for exploring the nature of water adsorption on the laponite sheets' surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; INTERLAYER STRUCTURE; HARTREE-FOCK; MONTE-CARLO; HYDRATION; CLAYS; MOLECULES; IMPLEMENTATION; KAOLINITE; INTERFACE AB In this work, the topology of the electrostatic potential using density functional theory for periodic systems was used to study the nature of the interaction of water with laponite surfaces; an uncharged sheet model was also used. The topological analysis predicts that for uncharged surfaces the adsorption mode is such that the water molecules are adsorbed almost parallel to the surface. For laponite surfaces, where there is a net charge, the adsorption mode involves electrostatic repulsion between the negative lone pairs on the water molecules and the ones on the surface oxygen atoms. As a consequence, the water molecules bind to the surface in a perpendicular and tilted approach, minimizing the repulsive interactions. The advantage of using the topology of the electrostatic potential as an efficient method to describe the electrostatic interactions between adsorbates and surfaces is also discussed. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, R&D, Nanotechnol Lab, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, DEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aray, Y (reprint author), Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Apartado 21287, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 34 BP 8946 EP 8952 DI 10.1021/jp0302257 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 715JH UT WOS:000184968000034 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Boatz, JA Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Boatz, JA Thompson, DL TI First-principles calculations of the adsorption of nitromethane and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) molecules on the Al(111) surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; PLANE-WAVE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATION ANALYSIS; METALS; DYNAMICS AB First-principles calculations that are based on spin-unrestricted density functional theory and the generalized gradient approximation have been used to study the adsorption of nitromethane and 1,1-diamino-2,2dinitroethylene molecules on the AI(1 1 1) surface. The calculations employ (3 x 3) aluminum slab geometries and three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. On the basis of these calculations, we have determined that both dissociative and nondissociative adsorption mechanisms are possible, depending on the molecular orientation and the particular surface sites involved. In the case of dissociative chemisorption, O-atom abstraction by Al surface atoms has been determined to be the dominant mechanism. The dissociated o atom forms strong Al-O bonds with the neighboring Al sites around the dissociation sites. In addition, the radical species obtained as a result of O-atom elimination remains bonded to the surface. In some instances, both O atoms of the nitro group dissociate and oxidize the aluminum surface. Finally, for the case of nondissociative adsorption, various N-C-Al bridge-type bonding configurations can be formed. On the basis of the data provided from these studies, it can be concluded that oxidation of the aluminum surface readily occurs, either by partial or complete dissociation of the O atoms from the NO2 group. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Sorescu, DC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM dlt@okstate.edu NR 25 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 34 BP 8953 EP 8964 DI 10.1021/jp030258m PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 715JH UT WOS:000184968000035 ER PT J AU White, JM Szanyi, J Henderson, MA AF White, JM Szanyi, J Henderson, MA TI The photon-driven hydrophilicity of titania: A model study using TiO2(110) and adsorbed trimethyl acetate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TIO2 SURFACES; THIN-FILMS; CONVERSION; ILLUMINATION; DESORPTION; MICROSCOPY; OXYGEN; WATER AB The behavior of H2O on clean and trimethyl acetate (TMA)-covered TiO2(110)-(1 X 1), prepared with or without oxygen vacancies and associated Ti3+, reveals the hydrophilic nature of clean surfaces and the hydrophobic nature of TMA-covered surfaces. UV irradiation of a hydrophobic surface in the presence of 10(-6) Torr of O-2 removes TMA and rapidly restores hydrophilicity. The presence of oxygen atom vacancies does not delectably alter the hydrophilicity of either clean or TMA-covered TiO2(110). C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP White, JM (reprint author), Interfacial Chem & Engn Grp, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 34 BP 9029 EP 9033 DI 10.1021/jp0345046 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 715JH UT WOS:000184968000044 ER PT J AU Li, M Chaiko, DJ Schlossman, ML AF Li, M Chaiko, DJ Schlossman, ML TI X-ray reflectivity study of a monolayer of ferritin proteins at a nanofilm aqueous-aqueous interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CRYSTALS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); 2D CRYSTALLIZATION; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; SURFACE; SCATTERING; FILMS; GROWTH; LAYERS; WEIGHT AB The formation of thin aqueous films on top of an aqueous subphase is demonstrated. The films form through a complex spreading process that results in the coexistence of macroscopic lenses and films that are several nanometers thick. Aqueous biphase solutions of poly(ethylene glycol), potassium phosphates, and water are used to form these films. Synchrotron X-ray scattering is used to characterize the structure of the thin film and to probe the adsorption of proteins to the film. X-ray reflectivity measures the layer thickness (4-5 nm) and the roughness of the two interfaces of the film. Surface and interfacial tension measurements, combined with the X-ray measurements, indicate that the films are a thin layer of the bulk solution rather than a monolayer of PEG molecules. The film can be described by an excess free energy with a short range piece (due primarily to capillary wave entropic repulsion) and a long-range van der Waals interaction. Biomolecules, such as proteins, can be trapped at the aqueous-aqueous interface or in the thin film. This idea is demonstrated by an X-ray reflectivity study of ferritin proteins that form a 2-dimensional array at the interface. It is shown that the electron density interfacial profile of the ferritin trapped in this thin film is consistent with the known crystal structure of ferritin. In the absence of the thin film, ferritin does not adsorb to the interface. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Schlossman, ML (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 34 BP 9079 EP 9085 DI 10.1021/jp0343281 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 715JH UT WOS:000184968000052 ER PT J AU Avci, H Civi, M Guvenc, ZB Jellinek, J AF Avci, H Civi, M Guvenc, ZB Jellinek, J TI Collisionless fragmentation of non-rotating Ni-n (n=4-14) clusters: a molecular dynamics study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RARE-GAS CLUSTERS; METAL-CLUSTERS; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; ARGON CLUSTERS; IONS; EVAPORATION; TRANSITION; ISOMERIZATION; BOMBARDMENT; IONIZATION AB Collisionless fragmentation of non-rotating Ni-n (n = 4-14) clusters is studied using micro-canonical molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations. The clusters are modelled by an embedded-atom potential energy surface. The distributions of the channel-specific fragmentation probabilities, and the global and channel-specific fragmentation rate constants are computed and analysed as functions of the internal energy and size of the clusters. The trends derived from the dynamical calculations are compared to the fragmentation energy patterns, those of the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (RRK) and statistical approaches. The rate constants are an order of magnitude smaller for the RRK model than with both the MD and transition-state theory approaches. The results are also compared with the other multi-channel fragmentation works. C1 Gazi Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey. Cankaya Univ, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, TR-06530 Ankara, Turkey. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gazi Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 16 BP 3487 EP 3507 AR PII S0953-4075(03)59200-8 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/36/16/310 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 725KQ UT WOS:000185542700014 ER PT J AU Krstic, PS Janev, RK Schultz, DR AF Krstic, PS Janev, RK Schultz, DR TI Three-body, diatomic association in cold hydrogen plasmas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER PROCESSES; RECOMBINATION; COLLISIONS; DIVERTOR; ATOMS; STAR AB Because of its fundamental role in cold hydrogen plasmas such as those in certain astrophysical or fusion reactor environments, and as a prototype for the study of similar processes in other cold plasmas, three-body, diatomic association (often referred to by the general term three-body recombination) is considered. In three-body collisions involving two hydrogen atoms and a proton this process results in the formation of H-2 or H-2(+) while the third, scattering particle carries away the excess energy. To reach an understanding of its dynamics and effectiveness, we present the first study of this process by using an extended coupled-channel formalism, treating the rotations of the associating particles through the sudden approximation. We describe the three-particle configuration space by a large set of relevant bound and continuum states, the latter being obtained by discretization of the vibrational continuum in a large quantization space. The association rate coefficients, resolved in final vibrational states, are calculated and show that the production of H-2(+) is significantly faster than that of H-2 due to the strong charge transfer between the corresponding continua and a favourable distribution of highly excited vibrational states in the case of H-2(+). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Macedonian Acad Sci & Arts, Skopje 1000, Macedonia. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasma Phys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 16 BP L249 EP L255 AR PII S0953-4075(03)64117-9 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/36/16/103 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 725KQ UT WOS:000185542700003 ER PT J AU Sypien, A Kusinski, J Kusinski, GJ Nelson, EC AF Sypien, A Kusinski, J Kusinski, GJ Nelson, EC TI TEM studies of the FeSiB amorphous alloy nanocrystallized by means of Nd : YAG-pulsed laser heating SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Electron Microscopy of Solids CY MAY 19-23, 2002 CL KRYNICA, POLAND DE nanocrystallization; amorphous alloys; structural characteristics; laser heating; magnetic imaging AB The paper describes results of microstructural and magnetic domain analyses of the Fe80Si11B9 amorphous alloy, which was nanocrystallized by Nd:YAG-pulsed laser heating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the laser-crystallised samples showed the presence of a crystallised nano-phase (20-30 nm) in areas of low temperature and nano-eutectics (40-60 nm) in the centre of the heated areas where the temperature was high. High-resolution TEM was used to localise the very early stages of the crystallisation. process, which was naturally impossible by means of X-ray diffraction. Fresnel magnetic imaging in TEM showed that the nanocrystallization of the Fe80Si11B9 amorphous alloy caused a significant refinement of the magnetic domain structure. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MMFX Technol Corp, Irvine, CA 92606 USA. RP Sypien, A (reprint author), Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. OI Sypien, Anna/0000-0001-7601-1943 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 390 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S0254-0584(03)00029-4 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 708MU UT WOS:000184572200050 ER PT J AU Palenik, B Brahamsha, B Larimer, FW Land, M Hauser, L Chain, P Lamerdin, J Regala, W Allen, EE McCarren, J Paulsen, I Dufresne, A Partensky, F Webb, EA Waterbury, J AF Palenik, B Brahamsha, B Larimer, FW Land, M Hauser, L Chain, P Lamerdin, J Regala, W Allen, EE McCarren, J Paulsen, I Dufresne, A Partensky, F Webb, EA Waterbury, J TI The genome of a motile marine Synechococcus SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCOCCUS; SP PCC7942; POLYPEPTIDE; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; PROCHLOROCOCCUS; DEGRADATION; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; ECOLOGY AB Marine unicellular cyanobacteria are responsible for an estimated 20-40% of chlorophyll biomass and carbon fixation in the oceans(1). Here we have sequenced and analysed the 2.4-megabase genome of Synechococcus sp. strain WH8102, revealing some of the ways that these organisms have adapted to their largely oligotrophic environment. WH8102 uses organic nitrogen and phosphorus sources and more sodium-dependent transporters than a model freshwater cyanobacterium. Furthermore, it seems to have adopted strategies for conserving limited iron stores by using nickel and cobalt in some enzymes, has reduced its regulatory machinery (consistent with the fact that the open ocean constitutes a far more constant and buffered environment than fresh water), and has evolved a unique type of swimming motility. The genome of WH8102 seems to have been greatly influenced by horizontal gene transfer, partially through phages. The genetic material contributed by horizontal gene transfer includes genes involved in the modification of the cell surface and in swimming motility. On the basis of its genome, WH8102 is more of a generalist than two related marine cyanobacteria(2). C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. TIGR, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. CNRS, Biol Stn, UMR 7127, F-29682 Roscoff, France. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Palenik, B (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Dufresne, Alexis/0000-0001-8231-9098; Partensky, Frederic/0000-0003-1274-4050 NR 30 TC 417 Z9 858 U1 8 U2 67 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6952 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1038/nature01943 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 715QR UT WOS:000184984200039 PM 12917641 ER PT J AU Rocap, G Larimer, FW Lamerdin, J Malfatti, S Chain, P Ahlgren, NA Arellano, A Coleman, M Hauser, L Hess, WR Johnson, ZI Land, M Lindell, D Post, AF Regala, W Shah, M Shaw, SL Steglich, C Sullivan, MB Ting, CS Tolonen, A Webb, EA Zinser, ER Chisholm, SW AF Rocap, G Larimer, FW Lamerdin, J Malfatti, S Chain, P Ahlgren, NA Arellano, A Coleman, M Hauser, L Hess, WR Johnson, ZI Land, M Lindell, D Post, AF Regala, W Shah, M Shaw, SL Steglich, C Sullivan, MB Ting, CS Tolonen, A Webb, EA Zinser, ER Chisholm, SW TI Genome divergence in two Prochlorococcus ecotypes reflects oceanic niche differentiation SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM PROCHLOROCOCCUS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROKARYOTE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SARGASSO SEA; SYNECHOCOCCUS; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; LIGHT; PROCHLOROPHYTE AB The marine unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the smallest-known oxygen-evolving autotroph(1). It numerically dominates the phytoplankton in the tropical and subtropical oceans(2,3), and is responsible for a significant fraction of global photosynthesis. Here we compare the genomes of two Prochlorococcus strains that span the largest evolutionary distance within the Prochlorococcus lineage(4) and that have different minimum, maximum and optimal light intensities for growth(5). The high-light-adapted ecotype has the smallest genome (1,657,990 base pairs, 1,716 genes) of any known oxygenic phototroph, whereas the genome of its low-light-adapted counterpart is significantly larger, at 2,410,873 base pairs (2,275 genes). The comparative architectures of these two strains reveal dynamic genomes that are constantly changing in response to myriad selection pressures. Although the two strains have 1,350 genes in common, a significant number are not shared, and these have been differentially retained from the common ancestor, or acquired through duplication or lateral transfer. Some of these genes have obvious roles in determining the relative fitness of the ecotypes in response to key environmental variables, and hence in regulating their distribution and abundance in the oceans. C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Joint Program Biol Oceanog, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Interuniv Inst Marine Sci, IL-88103 Elat, Israel. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM chisholm@mit.edu RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Johnson, Zackary/E-4601-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; Sullivan, Matthew/H-3256-2011; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Johnson, Zackary/0000-0003-0793-8512; Sullivan, Matthew/0000-0003-4040-9831; Ahlgren, Nathan/0000-0001-7617-4435; Rocap, Gabrielle/0000-0001-7253-611X NR 30 TC 678 Z9 1495 U1 13 U2 124 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6952 BP 1042 EP 1047 DI 10.1038/nature01947 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 715QR UT WOS:000184984200040 PM 12917642 ER PT J AU Taylor, M Yin, A Ryerson, FJ Kapp, P Ding, L AF Taylor, M Yin, A Ryerson, FJ Kapp, P Ding, L TI Conjugate strike-slip faulting along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone accommodates coeval east-west extension and north-south shortening in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article DE conjugate strike-slip faults; Tibet neotectonics; extrusion tectonics ID INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; KARAKORAM FAULT; QUATERNARY EXTENSION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; ACTIVE TECTONICS; KUNLUN FAULT; HIMALAYA; UPLIFT AB Geologic investigations of how the Tibetan plateau is currently deforming have focused primarily on its boundary faults. Consequently, how the interior of the plateau deforms remains poorly understood. To fill this gap in knowledge, we conducted field mapping, analysis of remote sensing and digital topographic data, and reinterpretation of existing geologic maps in central Tibet. This study reveals a 200-300 km wide and 1500-1800 km long east trending zone of conjugate strike-slip faults across central Tibet. The central Tibet conjugate fault zone is comprised of northeast striking left-slip faults north of the Bangong-Nujiang suture and northwest striking right-slip faults south of the suture zone. These strike-slip faults are kinematically linked with north trending Tibetan rifts located north and south of the conjugate fault systems. Without exception, all conjugate faults intersect or merge toward one another along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. Motion on these faults accommodates coeval east-west extension and north-south contraction. To determine the fault kinematics and the magnitude of fault slip, we investigated three conjugate fault sets in the central Tibet fault zone. These include from east to west, the Dong Co, Bue Co, and Aishi Co conjugate fault systems, which are adjacent to the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone and separated by a distance of 400 and 70 km, respectively. The average magnitude of fault motion on individual strike-slip faults is similar to12 km as determined by offsets of Tertiary thrusts and Paleozoic-Mesozoic lithologic units. The conjugate fault configuration requires similar to12 km of north-south contraction across the 200-300 km fault zone since its initiation. Because the conjugate strike-slip faults are kinematically linked with the north trending Tibetan rifts which initiated between 14 and 8 Ma, our estimated magnitude of north-south contraction implies a contraction rate of similar to1-2 mm/yr across central Tibet. The relatively closely spaced (<150 km) basins may result from a series of conjugate strike-slip fault systems in the interior of Tibet. These structures likely formed by eastward spreading of the Tibetan crust via distributed eastward extrusion of small (<150 km wide) wedge-shaped crustal blocks that leave a space at their trailing end. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Taylor, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 3651 Geol Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Taylor, Michael/D-9939-2011; Yin, An/B-3050-2014 NR 65 TC 135 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 AR 1044 DI 10.1029/2002TC001361 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 720HG UT WOS:000185254900001 ER PT J AU Garner, TW Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Thomsen, MF Korth, H AF Garner, TW Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Thomsen, MF Korth, H TI Pressure balance inconsistency exhibited in a statistical model of magnetospheric plasma SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHEET ION; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; CONVECTION MODEL; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; GEOMAGNETIC CONDITIONS; ELECTRON POPULATIONS; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; TAIL; INJECTIONS AB [1] While quantitative theories of plasma flow from the magnetotail to the inner magnetosphere typically assume adiabatic convection, it has long been understood that these convection models tend to overestimate the plasma pressure in the inner magnetosphere. This phenomenon is called the pressure crisis or the pressure balance inconsistency. In order to analyze it in a new and more detailed manner we utilize an empirical model of the proton and electron distribution functions in the near-Earth plasma sheet ( - 50 R-E < X < - 10 R-E), which uses the Tsyganenko [ 1989] magnetic field model and a plasma sheet representation based upon several previously published statistical studies. We compare our results to a statistically derived particle distribution function at geosynchronous orbit. In this analysis the particle distribution function is characterized by the isotropic energy invariant lambda = EV2/3, where E is the particle's kinetic energy and V is the magnetic flux tube volume. The energy invariant is conserved in guiding center drift under the assumption of strong, elastic pitch angle scattering. If, in addition, loss is negligible, the phase space density f (lambda) is also conserved along the same path. The statistical model indicates that f (lambda, (x) over right arrow) is approximately independent of X for X less than or equal to -35 R-E but decreases with increasing X for X greater than or equal to - 35 R-E. The tailward gradient of f (lambda,(x) over right arrow) might be attributed to gradient/ curvature drift for large isotropic energy invariants but not for small invariants. The tailward gradient of the distribution function indicates a violation of the adiabatic drift condition in the plasma sheet. It also confirms the existence of a "number crisis'' in addition to the pressure crisis. In addition, plasma sheet pressure gradients, when crossed with the gradient of flux tube volume computed from the Tsyganenko [ 1989] magnetic field model, indicate Region 1 currents on the dawn and dusk sides of the outer plasma sheet. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rice Space Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garner, TW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Ctr Ionospher Res, Appl Phys Lab, 10000 Burnet Rd,F0252, Austin, TX 78713 USA. NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A8 AR 1331 DI 10.1029/2003JA009877 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 720GZ UT WOS:000185254200001 ER PT J AU Khalifah, P Huse, DA Cava, RJ AF Khalifah, P Huse, DA Cava, RJ TI Magnetic behaviour of La7Ru3O18 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; FRUSTRATION AB Rhombohedral La7Ru3O18 can be considered to be nearly geometrically frustrated due to its close structural similarity to the strongly geometrically frustrated compound La4.87Ru2O12. The magnetic ordering of La7Ru3O18 was explored using a combination of dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. The magnetic phase diagram shows two different ordering regimes. A low-field magnetic phase occurs at applied fields of 0-3 T and temperatures below 10 K, while a high-field phase is found at fields of 3-5 T and temperatures below 9 K. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Khalifah, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 33 BP 5747 EP 5753 AR PII S0953-8984(03)36367-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/33/308 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 735YV UT WOS:000186143100014 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI In situ quantum dot growth on multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; BORON-NITRIDE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PURIFICATION; DEPOSITION; CARBIDE; COMPLEX; CDTE AB The generation of nanoscale interconnects and supramolecular, hierarchical assemblies enables the development of a number of novel nanoscale applications. A rational approach toward engineering a robust system is through chemical recognition. Here, we show the in situ mineralization of crystalline CdTe quantum dots on the surfaces of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). We coordinate metallic precursors of quantum dots directly onto nanotubes and then proceed with in situ growth. The resulting network of molecular-scale "fused" nanotube-nanocrystal heterojunctions demonstrates a controlled synthetic route to the synthesis of complex nanoscale heterostructures. Extensive characterization of these heterostructures has been performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 44 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 34 BP 10342 EP 10350 DI 10.1021/ja035980c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 714ND UT WOS:000184919600042 PM 12926959 ER PT J AU Gash, AE Satcher, JH Simpson, RL AF Gash, AE Satcher, JH Simpson, RL TI Strong akaganeite aerogel monoliths using epoxides: Synthesis and characterization SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BETA-FEOOH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; OXIDE; ADSORPTION; TRANSITION; CHEMISTRY AB The synthesis of iron(III) oxide aerogel monoliths was performed by adding any one of several different 1,2- and 1,3-epoxides to ethanolic Fe(III) salt solutions at room temperature. While all of the epoxides examined resulted in gel formation, robust low-density (similar to30-40 kg/m(3); 99% porous), high-surface-area (similar to250-300 m(2)/g), aerogel monoliths were prepared by the addition of 1,3-epoxide derivatives to solutions of FeCl3.6H(2)O, followed by drying with supercritical CO2. Both types of iron(III) oxide aerogels (those made with 1,2- and 1,3-epoxides respectively) were characterized using elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, acoustic measurements, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N-2 adsorption desorption analysis. Elemental analyses and powder X-ray diffraction indicated that the strong aerogel monoliths made with the 1,3-epoxides are made up predominately of polycrystalline beta-FeOOH, akaganeite, and those made with the 1,2-epoxides are amorphous. To our knowledge, this is first known report of synthesis and characterization of akaganeite aerogel materials. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates that aerogels derived using 1,3-epoxides have a microstructure made up of a highly reticulated network of fibers with diameters from similar to5 to 35 nm and lengths several times that, whereas those resulting from the use of 1,2-epoxides consist of interconnected spherical particles, whose diameters are 5-15 nm. The difference in microstructure results in each type of aerogel displaying very distinct physical and mechanical properties. In particular, the stiffness of the beta-FeOOH aerogels is remarkable for a transition metal oxide aerogel. Monolithic cylinders of beta-FeOOH aerogel can be sintered at 515 degreesC, transforming to alpha-Fe2O3 without shattering. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gash, AE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 26 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 17 BP 3268 EP 3275 DI 10.1021/cm034211p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 713CP UT WOS:000184838300009 ER PT J AU Moore, JT Corn, JD Chu, D Jiang, RZ Boxall, DL Kenik, EA Lukehart, CM AF Moore, JT Corn, JD Chu, D Jiang, RZ Boxall, DL Kenik, EA Lukehart, CM TI Synthesis and characterization of a Pt3Ru1/Vulcan carbon powder nanocomposite and reactivity as a methanol electrooxidation catalyst SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HIGH RELATIVE PERFORMANCE; PT-RU ANODES; FUEL-CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION; ALLOY; ELECTROCATALYSIS; COMPLEXES; TERNARY; GROWTH AB Thermal treatment of [Ru(2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline)(3)(PtCl2)(3)](BF4)(2)/Vulcan carbon powder composites under reactive conditions forms Pt-Ru/carbon nanocomposites containing 27-34 wt % metal alloy as highly dispersed nanoparticles of ca. Pt75Ru25 stoichiometry. The metal nanoparticles have an average diameter of 6 nm (by TEM) and an fcc unit cell of lattice constant 3.907 (9) Angstrom, as expected for Pt-rich Pt-Ru alloys. On-particle HR-EDS analysis indicates that gross phase separation of Pt and Ru does not occur on the nanoparticle scale. Evaluation of the performance of this nanocomposite as a methanol electrooxidation catalyst in a direct methanol fuel cell and in an electrochemical cell designed for combinatorial testing is reported. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lukehart, CM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 39 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 26 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 17 BP 3320 EP 3325 DI 10.1021/cm030145f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 713CP UT WOS:000184838300016 ER PT J AU Terrones, G Pearlstein, AJ AF Terrones, G Pearlstein, AJ TI Nonuniformity of chain-length distributions in photopolymerized layers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; LASER-LIGHT SOURCE; NONISOTHERMAL PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; PHOTOINITIATED POLYMERIZATION; PHOTO-POLYMERIZATION; OPTICAL ATTENUATION; REACTION BEHAVIOR; PROCESS MODEL; KINETICS; CURE AB For free-radical photopolymerization with a photobleaching initiator, constant chain propagation and termination rate constants k(p) and k(t), and termination occurring only by recombination, we account for Beer-Lambert attenuation and initiator consumption to predict how spatial variation of the final chain length distribution (CLD) depends on k(p), k(t), incident light intensity I-0, layer thickness L, photoinitiator absorption coefficient alpha(A) and initial concentration C-A,C-0, and quantum yield of photoinitiator consumption phi, for a typical value (10(-4)) of the initial ratio of initiator and monomer concentrations C-A,C-0/ C-M,C-0. We show how spatial variation of the final CLD depends on initial absorbance gamma = alpha(A)C(A,0)L and a parameter beta = k(p)[fC(A,0)/(phialpha(A)I(o)k(t))](1/2), where f primary radicals are produced per photoinitiator molecule consumed. For small gamma, the number-averaged mean chain length increases with depth at each beta and with beta at each depth. The chain length at which the CLD achieves its maximum value, along with a measure of polydispersity (half the CLD width at half-maximum, divided by the number-averaged mean), increase with depth at small beta and decrease with depth at large beta, with the CLD having its minimum nonuniformity at intermediate beta. Front-to-rear CLD variation increases as gamma increases. At small beta, nonuniformity is confined to a progressively smaller portion of the front of the layer as gamma increases, while for large beta, spatial variation is more evenly distributed. The results are discussed in terms of spatiotemporal variation of initiation and monomer conversion. Examples from the literature are used to illustrate the degree of CLD nonuniformity that can be expected in experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Terrones, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Terrones, Guillermo/0000-0001-8245-5022; Pearlstein, Arne/0000-0002-7044-5537 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 26 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 17 BP 6346 EP 6358 DI 10.1021/ma021589k PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 714YR UT WOS:000184943100013 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Ruegg, ML Balsara, NP Zhu, YQ Gido, SP Krishnamoorti, R Kim, MH AF Lee, JH Ruegg, ML Balsara, NP Zhu, YQ Gido, SP Krishnamoorti, R Kim, MH TI Phase behavior of highly immiscible polymer blends stabilized by a balanced block copolymer surfactant SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TERNARY HOMOPOLYMER/DIBLOCK BLENDS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MULTICOMPONENT POLYOLEFIN BLENDS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; COPOLYMER/HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; BICONTINUOUS MICROEMULSIONS; THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; MIXTURES; POLYBUTADIENE AB The phase behavior of mixtures of polyisobutylene (PIB), polyethylene (PE), and a symmetric polyethylene-block-head-to-head polypropylene copolymer (PE-PP) was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle neutron and light scattering. The thermodynamic interactions between PE/PP and PE/PIB are repulsive (Flory-Huggins parameter chi > 0 and decreases with increasing temperature), while those between PP/PIB are attractive (chi < 0 and increases with increasing temperature). When the PE-PP copolymer is added to a 50/50 PE/PIB mixture, the resulting phase diagram in temperature-copolymer composition space exhibits many of the characteristics of "fish-shaped" phase diagrams found in oil/water mixtures stabilized by balanced surfactants. This is due to the interplay between the different chi parameters that characterize the system. Lamellar phases, single droplet microemulsions, and bicontinuous microemulsions were observed. The length scales of these structures and the locations of the phase transition points on the phase diagram determined by TEM and scattering are in reasonable agreement. Phase transitions from a lamellar phase to a single droplet microemulsion phase, and from a bicontinuous microemulsion to a macrophase-separated structure, have been identified. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NIST, Ctr High Resolut Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011 OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X NR 69 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 26 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 17 BP 6537 EP 6548 DI 10.1021/ma0340356 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 714YR UT WOS:000184943100037 ER PT J AU Gallagher, NB Wise, BM Sheen, DM AF Gallagher, NB Wise, BM Sheen, DM TI Estimation of trace vapor concentration-pathlength in plumes for remote sensing applications from hyperspectral images SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Chemometrics in Analytical Chemistry (CAC 2002) CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE chemometrics; remote sensing; hyperspectral imaging; quantification; generalized least-squares; extended least-squares AB A novel approach for quantification of chemical vapor effluents in stack plumes using infrared hyperspectral imaging are presented and examined. The algorithms use a novel application of the extended mixture model to provide estimates of background clutter in the on-plume pixel. These estimates are then used iteratively to improve the quantification. The final step in the algorithm employs either an extended least-squares (ELS) or generalized least-squares (GLS) procedure. It was found that the GLS weighting procedure generally performed better than ELS, but they performed similarly when the analyte spectra had relatively narrow features. The algorithms require estimates of the atmospheric radiance and transmission from the target plume to the imaging spectrometer and an estimate of the plume temperature. However, estimates of the background temperature and emissivity are not required which is a distinct advantage. The algorithm effectively provides a local estimate of the clutter, and an error analysis shows that it can provide superior quantification over approaches that model the background clutter in a more global sense. It was also found that the estimation error depended strongly on the net analyte signal for each analyte, and this quantity is scenario-specific. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Eigenvector Res Inc, Manson, WA 98831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gallagher, NB (reprint author), Eigenvector Res Inc, POB 561, Manson, WA 98831 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 490 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0003-2470(03)00177-6 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 716UP UT WOS:000185047900012 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Wise, BM Gallagher, NB AF Grate, JW Wise, BM Gallagher, NB TI Classical least squares transformations of sensor array pattern vectors into vapor descriptors. Simulation of arrays of polymer-coated surface acoustic wave sensors with mass-plus-volume transduction mechanisms SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Chemometrics in Analytical Chemistry (CAC 2002) CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE sensor array; surface acoustic wave (SAW); chemometric; vapor descriptors ID LOG K-VALUES; CHEMICAL SENSORS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; SORBENT COATINGS; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL; RESPONSES; DETECTOR; TETRACHLOROMETHANE; CLASSIFICATION; COMPLEXATION AB A new method of processing multivariate response data to extract chemical information has been developed. Sensor array response patterns are transformed into a vector containing values for solvation parameter descriptors of the detected vapor's properties. These results can be obtained by using a method similar to classical least squares (CLS), and equations have been derived for mass- or volume-transducing sensors. Polymer-coated acoustic wave devices are an example of mass-transducing sensors. However, some acoustic wave sensors, such as polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices give responses resulting from both mass-loading and decreases in modulus. The latter effect can be modeled as a volume effect. In this paper, we derive solutions for obtaining descriptor values from arrays of mass-plus-volume-transducing sensors. Simulations were performed to investigate the effectiveness of these solutions and compared with solutions for purely mass-transducing sensor arrays. It is concluded that this new method of processing sensor array data can be applied to SAW sensor arrays even when the modulus changes contribute to the responses. The simulations show that good estimations of vapor descriptors can be obtained by using a closed form estimation approach that is similar to the closed form solution for purely mass-transducing sensor arrays. Estimations can be improved using a nonlinear least squares optimization method. The results also suggest ways to design SAW arrays to obtain the best results, either by minimizing the volume sensitivity or matching the volume sensitivities in the array. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Eigenvector Res Inc, Manson, WA 98831 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 490 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00016-3 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 716UP UT WOS:000185047900015 ER PT J AU Hope, JL Johnson, KJ Cavelti, MA Prazen, BJ Grate, JW Synovec, RE AF Hope, JL Johnson, KJ Cavelti, MA Prazen, BJ Grate, JW Synovec, RE TI High-speed gas chromatographic separations with diaphragm valve-based injection and chemometric analysis as a gas chromatographic "sensor" SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Chemometrics in Analytical Chemistry (CAC 2002) CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE gas chromatography; chemometrics; multivariate; partial least squares; high-speed; sensor ID GC X GC; COMPREHENSIVE 2-DIMENSIONAL SEPARATIONS; UNDERGROUND FUEL SPILLS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MODULATOR; DIMENSIONS; RESOLUTION; ALIGNMENT AB A high-speed gas chromatography system, the gas chromatographic sensor (GCS), is developed and evaluated. The GCS combines fast separations and chemometric analysis to produce an instrument capable of high-speed, high-throughput screening and quantitative analysis of complex chemical mixtures on a similar time scale as typical chemical sensors. The GCS was evaluated with 28 test mixtures consisting of 15 compounds from four chemical classes: alkanes, ketones, alkyl benzenes, and alcohols. The chromatograms are on the order of one second in duration, which is considerably faster than the traditional use of gas chromatography. While complete chromatographic separation of each analyte peak is not aimed for, chemical information is readily extracted through chemometric data analysis and quantification of the samples is achieved in considerably less time than conventional gas chromatography. Calibration models to predict percent volume content of either alkanes or ketones were constructed using partial least squares (PLS) regression on calibration sets consisting of the five replicate GCS runs of six different samples. The percent volume content of the alkane and ketone chemical classes were predicted on five replicate runs of the 22 remaining samples ranging from 0 to 50 or 60% depending on the class. Root mean square errors of prediction were 2-3% relative to the mean percent volume values for either alkane or ketone prediction models, depending on the samples chosen for the calibration set of that model. The alkyl benzenes and alcohols present in the calibration sets or samples were treated as variable background interference. It is anticipated that the GCS will eventually be used to rapidly sample and directly analyze industrial processes or for the high throughput analysis of batches of samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 490 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00670-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 716UP UT WOS:000185047900019 ER PT J AU Jiang, CS Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Moutinho, HR Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, CS Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Moutinho, HR Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM TI Distribution of built-in electrical potential in GaInP2/GaAs tandem-junction solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Distributions of built-in potential in GaInP2/GaAs tandem-junction solar cells were investigated by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Two states of potential distribution resulting from flattening of band bending and charge accumulation on either the top or bottom p-n junction were observed under short circuit, depending on the illumination spectra. With an external bias voltage, the voltage change always happened on the junction with the charge accumulation, and the potential distribution between the two states became less sensitive to illumination spectra. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1572 EP 1574 DI 10.1063/1.1602575 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EN UT WOS:000184844100026 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH Kline, JL AF Wang, ZH Kline, JL TI Electrostatic method to accelerate nanoshells to extreme hypervelocity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON; BEAM AB Using an acceleration voltage of less than a few hundred kilovolts, it is unlikely that a charged solid object larger than a few micron (10(-6) m) in all three dimensions can be accelerated to more than 10 km/s. Quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) objects are unique forms of matter with two macroscopic dimensions, while the third approaches atomic dimensions. Well-known examples of Q2D objects are thin films. Another example of a Q2D object will be a sphere with a nm thick shell (nanoshell). In this letter, it is predicted that nanoshells can be accelerated to 100 km/s (extreme hypervelocity, or EHV) and above using the electrostatic method. The maximum velocity is limited by field emission and material strength. The two limits only allow a certain number of charges on a nanoshell before it starts to emit ions or electrons, or to break. "Table-top" EHV nanoshell beams can be used for high-temperature plasma diagnostics and fueling. EHV nanoshells can also be used to study hypervelocity-impact phenomena in a momentum space not accessible in the past. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1662 EP 1664 DI 10.1063/1.1602582 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EN UT WOS:000184844100056 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ TI Electronic stopping of He, B, N, and Al in SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; SILICON-CARBIDE; ALPHA-PARTICLES; MAXIMUM VALUES; HELIUM IONS; ENERGY-LOSS; BRAGG-RULE; POWER; PROTONS; GASES AB Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide-band-gap semiconductor that has attracted extensive investigations for a wide range of device applications. Accurate values of stopping powers in SiC, especially for B, N, and Al ions as dopants and for He ions used in ion-beam analysis applications, are highly desirable. In the present study, the electronic energy loss of these ions in a self-supported SiC film is directly measured in transmission geometry using a time-of-flight detection system over a continuous range of energies. The measured electronic stopping powers are parameterized, for easy implementation in other applications, and compared with the predictions of the stopping and range of ions in matter code. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1665 EP 1667 DI 10.1063/1.1604473 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EN UT WOS:000184844100057 ER PT J AU Cai, WY Powell, CF Yue, Y Narayanan, S Wang, J Tate, MW Renzi, MJ Ercan, A Fontes, E Gruner, SM AF Cai, WY Powell, CF Yue, Y Narayanan, S Wang, J Tate, MW Renzi, MJ Ercan, A Fontes, E Gruner, SM TI Quantitative analysis of highly transient fuel sprays by time-resolved x-radiography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PIXEL ARRAY DETECTOR; RAY-DIFFRACTION AB Microsecond time-resolved synchrotron x-radiography has been used to elucidate the structure and dynamics of optically turbid, multiphase, direct-injection gasoline fuel sprays. The combination of an ultrafast x-ray framing detector and tomographic analysis allowed three-dimensional reconstruction of the dynamics of the entire 1-ms-long injection cycle. Striking, detailed features were observed, including complex traveling density waves, and unexpected axially asymmetric flows. These results will facilitate realistic computational fluid dynamic simulations of high-pressure sprays and combustion. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Naperville Cent High Sch, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. RP Cai, WY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gruner, Sol/G-2924-2010 OI Gruner, Sol/0000-0002-1171-4426 NR 17 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1671 EP 1673 DI 10.1063/1.1604161 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EN UT WOS:000184844100059 ER PT J AU Meunier, V Nardelli, MB Bernholc, J Zacharia, T Charlier, JC AF Meunier, V Nardelli, MB Bernholc, J Zacharia, T Charlier, JC TI Response to "Comment on 'Intrinsic electron transport properties of carbon nanotube Y junctions' " [Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1674 (2003)] SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID RECTIFICATION C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, PCPM, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, CERMIN, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Meunier, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM meunierv@ornl.gov RI Buongiorno Nardelli, Marco/C-9089-2009; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1676 EP 1677 DI 10.1063/1.1604949 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EN UT WOS:000184844100061 ER PT J AU Lymar, SV Khairutdinov, RF Hurst, JK AF Lymar, SV Khairutdinov, RF Hurst, JK TI Hydroxyl radical formation by O-O bond homolysis in peroxynitrous acid SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GIBBS ENERGY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CAROS ACID; DECOMPOSITION; SUPEROXIDE; MECHANISM; KINETICS; OXYGEN AB Peroxynitrite decay in weakly alkaline media occurs by two concurrent sets of pathways which are distinguished by their reaction products. One set leads to net isomerization to NO3- and the other set to net decomposition to O-2 plus NO2-. At sufficiently high peroxynitrite concentrations, the decay half-time becomes concentration-independent and approaches a limiting value predicted by a mechanism in which reaction is initiated by unimolecular homolysis of the peroxo, O-O bond, i.e., the following reaction: ONOOH --> (OH)-O-. + (NO2)-N-.. This dynamical behavior excludes alternative postulated mechanisms that ascribe decomposition to bond rearrangement within bimolecular adducts. Nitrate and nitrite product distributions measured at very low peroxynitrite concentrations also correspond to predictions of the homolysis model, contrary to a recent report from another laboratory. Additionally, (1) the rate constant for the reaction ONOO- --> (NO)-N-. + O-.(2), which is critical to the kinetic model, has been confirmed, (2) the apparent volume of activation for ONOOH decay (DeltaV(double dagger) = 9.7 +/- 1.4 cm(3)/mol) has been shown to be independent of the concentration of added nitrite and identical to most other reported values, and (3) complex patterns of inhibition of O-2 formation by radical scavengers, which are impossible to rationalize by alternative proposed reaction schemes, are shown to be quantitatively in accord with the homolysis model. These observations resolve major disputes over experimental data existing in the literature; despite extensive investigation of these reactions, no verifiable experimental evidence has been advanced that contradicts the homolysis model. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ctr Nanosensor Technol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hurst, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-15834] NR 43 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 17 BP 5259 EP 5266 DI 10.1021/ic030104i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 713BU UT WOS:000184836200028 PM 12924897 ER PT J AU Boatz, JA Christe, KO Dixon, DA Fir, BA Gerken, M Gnann, RZ Mercier, HPA Schrobilgen, GJ AF Boatz, JA Christe, KO Dixon, DA Fir, BA Gerken, M Gnann, RZ Mercier, HPA Schrobilgen, GJ TI Synthesis, characterization, and computational study of the trans-IO2F52- anion SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 1ST EXAMPLE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; FLUORIDES; ENERGIES; DIANION; DIOXIDE; CATION; IOF5; ION AB The combination of CH3CN solutions of [N(CH3)(4)][F] and a mixture of cis- and trans-[N(CH3)(4)][IO2F4] produces the novel trans-IO2F52- anion. Under the given conditions, only the trans-IO2F4- anion acts as a fluoride ion acceptor, thus allowing the separation of isomerically pure, soluble cis-IO2F4- from insoluble trans-IO2F52-. The trans-IO(2)F(5)(2-)and cis-IO2F4- anions were characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations at the LDFT and HF levels of theory. The trans-IO2F52- anion has a pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry with the two oxygen atoms occupying the axial positions. It represents the first example of a heptacoordinated main group AO(2)X(5) species and completes the series of pentagonal-bipyramidal iodine fluoride and oxide fluoride species. The geometries of the pentagonal-bipyramidal series IO2F52-, IOF52-, IF52-, IOF6-, IF6-, and IF7 and the corresponding octahedral series IO2F4-, IOF4-, IF4-, IOF5, IF5, and IF6+ were calculated by identical methods. It is shown how the ionic charge, the oxidation state of the iodine atom, the coordination number, and the replacement of fluorine ligands by either an oxygen ligand or a free valence electron pair influence the stuctures and bonding of these species. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM karl.christe@edwards.af.mil; david.dixon@pnl.gov; michael.gerken@uleth.ca; schrobil@mcmaster.ca RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 17 BP 5282 EP 5292 DI 10.1021/ic034457w PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 713BU UT WOS:000184836200031 PM 12924900 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Andrews, NL Rodriguez, MA Campana, C Yiu, T AF Boyle, TJ Andrews, NL Rodriguez, MA Campana, C Yiu, T TI Structural variations of potassium aryloxides SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; POLAR APROTIC-SOLVENTS; LITHIUM ALKOXIDES; AGGREGATION; COMPLEXES; SODIUM; ENOLATE AB A series of potassium aryloxides (KOAr) were isolated from the reaction of a potassium amide (KN(SiMe3)(2)) and the desired substituted phenoxide (oMP, 2-methyl; oPP, 2-iso-propyl; oBP, 2-tert-butyl; DMP, 2,6-di-methyl; DIP, 2,6-di-iso-propyl; DBP, 2,6-di-tert-butyl) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or pyridine (py) as the following: {([K(mu(4)-OMP)(THF)][K(mu(3)-OpP)(4)- (1), {[K-6(eta(6),mu(3)-oMP)(4)(eta(6), mu(4)-oMP)(2)(py)(4)] . [K-6(eta(6), mu(3)-oMP)(6)(eta(6),mu(4-)oMP)(2)(py)(4)].[K-6(eta(6),mu(3)-oMP)(6)(eta(6) (3), {K-4 (eta(6),mu(3)-oPP)(2)(mu(3)-oPP)(2)(py)(3)}(infinity) (4), [K(mu(3)-oBP)(THF)](6) (5), {K-6(eta(6),mu(3)-oBP)(2)(mu(3)-oBP)(4)(py)(4)}(infinity) (6), {K-3(eta(6),mu(3)-DMP)(2)(mu-DMP)(THF)}(infinity) (7), {[K(eta(6),mu-DMP)(py)](2)}(infinity) (8), {K(eta(6),mu-DIP)(infinity) (9), K(eta(6),mu-DBP)}(infinity) (10). Further exploration of the aryl interactions led to the investigation of the diphenylethoxide (DPE) derivative which was isolated as [K(mu(3)-DPE)(THF)](4) (11) or [K(mu(3)-DPE)(py)](4).py(2) (12) depending on the solvent used. In general, the less sterically demanding ligands (oMP, oPP, oBP, and DMP) were solvated polymeric species; however, increasing the steric bulk (DIP and DBP) led to unsolvated polymers and not discrete molecules. For most of this novel family of compounds, the K atoms were pi-bound to the aryl rings of the neighboring phenoxide derivatives to fill their coordination sites. The synthesss and characterization of these compounds are described in detail. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. BRUKER AXS Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. OI Campana, Charles/0000-0002-0495-0922 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 17 BP 5357 EP 5366 DI 10.1021/ic034222k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 713BU UT WOS:000184836200039 PM 12924908 ER PT J AU Avila, MA Bud'ko, SL Petrovic, C Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC Tsvyashchenko, AV Fomicheva, LN AF Avila, MA Bud'ko, SL Petrovic, C Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC Tsvyashchenko, AV Fomicheva, LN TI Synthesis and properties of YbB2 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; X-ray diffraction; magnetic measurements; heat capacity; electronic transport ID YTTERBIUM COMPOUNDS; MOSSBAUER; YBNI2B2C; VALENCY; YB-170 AB We report temperature- and field-dependent measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and resistivity of sintered YbB2 pellets, prepared via two distinct reaction routes, utilizing different temperatures, pressures and sintering times. Sample behavior is affected by the preparation procedure, as a consequence of different secondary phases, most of which were identified via X-ray diffraction. These experiments show that YbB2 is a metal with the Yb atoms in or very close to their 3+ state. YbB2 appears to order anti-ferromagnetically at T-N = 5.6+/-0.2 K, which can be considered a relatively high ordering temperature for an ytterbium-based intermetallic compound. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Avila, MA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Avila, Marcos/B-3578-2008; Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Avila, Marcos/0000-0002-3796-3244; Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 358 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00051-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 718LF UT WOS:000185147000013 ER PT J AU Balasundaram, A Gokhale, AM Graham, S Horstmeyer, MF AF Balasundaram, A Gokhale, AM Graham, S Horstmeyer, MF TI Three-dimensional particle cracking damage development in an Al-Mg-base wrought alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; damage; microstructure; ductile fracture; particle cracking ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; EVOLUTION; FRACTURE; NUMBER AB Experiments have been performed to quantitatively characterize the three-dimensional (3-D) microstructural damage due to cracking of Fe-rich intermetallic particles in an Al-Mg-base extruded 5086(0) alloy as a function of strain under uniaxial compression and tension. The,3-D number density and average volume of the cracked particles are estimated using the unbiased and efficient large area disector (LAD) stereological technique. In each specimen, the two-dimensional (2-D) number fraction of cracked particles is significantly lower than the corresponding 3-D number fraction. Therefore, the conventional 2-D damage measurements considerably underestimate the true 3-D damage due to particle cracking in this alloy. Comparison of the 3-D damage data on the 5086(0) alloy and earlier data on 6061(T6) alloy reveals that at all tensile/compressive stress levels higher than the yield stress of both alloys, the 3-D number fraction of cracked Fe-rich intermetallic particles in the 5086(0) alloy is significantly lower than its corresponding value in the 6061(T6) alloy. Therefore, the 5086(0) alloy is less prone to damage progression due to particle cracking compared to the 6061(T6). alloy. In both the alloys, significant rotations of the Fe-rich intermetallic particles occur during deformation under uniaxial compression. These rotations tend to align the particles along the direction of induced tensile stretch. The particle rotations in turn affect the progression of damage due to particle cracking. For deformation under uniaxial compression, the average volume of cracked Fe-rich particles increases with the increase in the strain. These observations are explained on the basis of the particle rotations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gokhale, AM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 355 IS 1-2 BP 368 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00103-5 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 702CV UT WOS:000184208500046 ER PT J AU Iancu, E Itakura, K McLerran, L AF Iancu, E Itakura, K McLerran, L TI A Gaussian effective theory for gluon saturation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; HIGH-ENERGY DIS/; SMALL-X; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; BFKL POMERON; LARGE NUCLEI; PARTON SATURATION AB We construct a Gaussian approximation to the effective theory for the colour glass condensate which describes correctly the gluon distribution both in the low density regime at high transverse momenta (above the saturation scale Q(s)), and in the high density regime below Q(s) and provides a simple interpolation between these two regimes. At high momenta, the effective theory reproduces the BFKL dynamics, while at low momenta, it exhibits gluon saturation and, related to it, colour neutrality over the short distance scale 1/Q(s) much less than 1/Lambda(QCD). Gauge-invariant quantities computed within this approximation are automatically infrared-finite. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CE Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Iancu, E (reprint author), CE Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM iancu@spht.saclay.cea.fr NR 92 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 724 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(03)01477-5 PG 42 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 702ZF UT WOS:000184254500012 ER PT J AU Wang, M AF Wang, M TI Hydrogen a transportation fuel SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 33 BP 10 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 715RQ UT WOS:000184986400001 ER PT J AU Goto, T Okamura, S Yagi, M Sheth, RK Bahcall, NA Zabel, SA Crouch, MS Sekiguchi, M Annis, J Bernardi, M Chong, SS Gomez, PL Hansen, S Kim, RSJ Knudson, A McKay, TA Miller, CJ AF Goto, T Okamura, S Yagi, M Sheth, RK Bahcall, NA Zabel, SA Crouch, MS Sekiguchi, M Annis, J Bernardi, M Chong, SS Gomez, PL Hansen, S Kim, RSJ Knudson, A McKay, TA Miller, CJ TI Morphological Butcher-Oemler effect in the SDSS "cut and enhance" galaxy cluster catalog SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Review DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; DISTANT RICH CLUSTERS; 10 NEARBY CLUSTERS AB We investigated the evolution of the fractions of late-type cluster galaxies as a function of redshift using One of the largest, most uniform cluster samples available. The sample consisted of 514 Clusters of galaxies in the range of 0.02 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.3 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey "Cut and Enhance" galaxy cluster catalog. This catalog was created using a single automated cluster-finding algorithm applied to uniform data from a single telescope, with accurate CCD photometry, thus minimizing the selection biases. We used four independent methods to analyze the evolution of the late-type galaxy fraction. Specifically, we selected late-type galaxies based on each of the rest-frame g - r color, the u - r color, galaxy profile fitting, and the concentration index. The first criterion corresponds to that used in classical Butcher-Oemler analyses. The last two criteria are more sensitive to the morphological type of galaxies. In all four cases, we find an increase in the fraction of late-type galaxies with increasing redshift, significant at the 99.9% level. The results confirm that cluster galaxies do change colors with redshift (the Butcher Oemler effect) and, in addition, they change their morphology to later-type toward a higher redshift - indicating a morphological equivalence of the Butcher-Oemler effect. We also found a tendency of richer Clusters to have lower fractions of late-type galaxies. This trend is consistent with a ram-pressure stripping model, where galaxies in richer clusters are affected by stronger ram pressure due to the higher temperature of clusters. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770882, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770882, Japan. EM yohnis@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009 OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150 NR 142 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 739 EP 755 DI 10.1093/pasj/55.4.739 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 717ZQ UT WOS:000185121000005 ER PT J AU Goto, T Nichol, RC Okamura, S Sekiguchi, M Miller, CJ Bernardi, M Hopkins, A Tremonti, C Connolly, A Castander, FJ Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M Harvanek, M Ivezic, Z Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Loveday, J Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Snedden, SA Subbarao, M AF Goto, T Nichol, RC Okamura, S Sekiguchi, M Miller, CJ Bernardi, M Hopkins, A Tremonti, C Connolly, A Castander, FJ Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M Harvanek, M Ivezic, Z Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Loveday, J Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Snedden, SA Subbarao, M TI H delta-strong galaxies in the sloan digital sky survey: I. The catalog SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : interaction; galaxies : peculiar; galaxies : starburst ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; EARLY DATA RELEASE; STAR-FORMATION; STARBURST GALAXIES; DISTANT CLUSTERS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; REDSHIFT SURVEY; RICH CLUSTERS; RAM-PRESSURE AB We present here a new and homogeneous sample of 3340 galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) based solely on the observed strength of their Hdelta hydrogen Balmer absorption line. The presence of a strong Hdelta line within the spectrum of a galaxy indicates that the galaxy has undergone a significant change in its star-formation history within the last Gigayear. Therefore, such galaxies have received considerable attention in recent years, because they provide an opportunity to study galaxy evolution in action. These galaxies are commonly known as "post-starburst", "E + A", "k + a", and Hdelta-strong galaxies. Their study has been severely hampered by the lack of a large, statistical sample of such galaxies. In this paper, we rectify this problem by selecting a sample of galaxies which possess an absorption Hdelta equivalent width of EW(Hdelta(max)) - DeltaEW(Hdelta(max)) > 4 Angstrom from 106682 galaxies in the SDSS. The measured abundance of our Hdelta-strong (HDS) galaxies is 2.6+/-0.1% of all galaxies within a volume-limited sample of 0.05 < z < 0.1 and M-r* < -20.5, which is consistent with previous studies of such galaxies described in the literature. We find that only 25 of our HDS galaxies in this volume-limited sample (3.5 +/- 0.7%) show no, or little, evidence for [O-II] and Halpha emission lines, thus indicating that true E + A galaxies (as originally defined by Dressler and Gunn) are extremely rare objects at low redshift, i.e., only 0.09 +/- 0.02% of all galaxies in this volume-limited sample are true E + A galaxies. In contrast, 89 +/- 5% of our HDS galaxies in the volume-limited sample have significant detections of the [O-II] and Halpha emission lines. Of these, only 131 galaxies are robustly classified as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and, therefore, a majority of these emission-line HDS galaxies are starforming galaxies. We find that 52 +/- 12% (27/52) of the galaxies in our volume-limited HDS sample that possess no detectable [O-II] emission, do however possess detectable Halpha emission lines. These may be dusty star-forming galaxies. We provide the community with this new catalog of Hdelta-strong galaxies to aid in our understanding of these galaxies, via detailed follow-up observations, as well as providing a low-shift sample for comparison with higher redshift studies of HDS galaxies. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770882, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770882, Japan. EM yohnis@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 62 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 771 EP 787 DI 10.1093/pasj/55.4.771 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 717ZQ UT WOS:000185121000007 ER PT J AU Uno, I Carmichael, GR Streets, D Satake, S Takemura, T Woo, JH Uematsu, M Ohta, S AF Uno, I Carmichael, GR Streets, D Satake, S Takemura, T Woo, JH Uematsu, M Ohta, S TI Analysis of surface black carbon distributions during ACE-Asia using a regional-scale aerosol model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE black carbon; ACE-Asia; chemical transport model; observation; transport flux; CFORS ID PACIFIC; SYSTEM; SIMULATION; AIR AB [1] The regional-scale aerosol transport model (CFORS) is used in the analysis of black carbon (BC) observed at five remote Japanese islands during the ACE-Asia experiment. BC is modeled online in the regional-scale meteorological model, using emissions estimates for 2000. Two model experiments are conducted (1) a control run that includes all the BC emission, and (2) a sensitivity run without open biomass burning emissions to clarify the impact of biomass burning on the BC levels in the western Pacific. The regional aerosol model (CFORS) is shown to accurately reproduce many of the important features observed. Model analysis shows that the spatial and temporal distributions of black carbon between the northern sites (Rishiri and Sado; located in the Japan Sea) and the southern stations (Hachijo, Chichijima, and Amami-Oshima; in the western Pacific Ocean) are under different flow regimes. It is shown that the major synoptic features controlling BC levels are associated with outflow in the warm conveyor belt of traveling cold fronts and the subsequent postfrontal transport. At the northern stations (Rishiri and Sado), elevated BC concentrations are calculated to be mainly below the heights of 2000 m, and the biomass burning fraction is estimated to be below 20%. At the southern sites (e.g., Chichijima) the contribution due to biomass burning reaches 32% at the surface and 52% in the free atmosphere. CFORS results indicate that the major black carbon source and transport height are different between the northern and southern sites. C1 Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Div Environm & Resource Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. RP Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga Pk 6-1, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. EM iuno@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu; dstreets@anl.gov; satake@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; toshi@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; uematsu@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ohta@eng.hokudai.ac.jp RI Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Wang, Zifa/B-5192-2008; Wang, Zifa/B-5799-2011; Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016 OI Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915 NR 26 TC 168 Z9 175 U1 7 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 23 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D23 AR 8636 DI 10.1029/2002JD003252 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 715XL UT WOS:000184999500001 ER PT J AU Pulkkinen, TI Tanskanen, EI Wiltberger, M Slavin, JA Nagai, T Reeves, GD Frank, LA Sigwarth, JB AF Pulkkinen, TI Tanskanen, EI Wiltberger, M Slavin, JA Nagai, T Reeves, GD Frank, LA Sigwarth, JB TI Magnetotail flows can consume as much solar wind energy as a substorm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetotail; substorm; MHD-simulation; flow bursts ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA SHEET; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; POLAR-CAP; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MHD SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; SPACECRAFT; MODEL; TAIL AB We examine an event on 17 December 1997, during which the Wind and ACE spacecraft measured an extended period of southward interplanetary magnetic field. The high values of the epsilon parameter were interpreted as strong energy input into the magnetotail. Despite this energy input, the polar cap potential and area remained constant over a period of several hours, the inner magnetotail was very quiet, and there were no substorm signatures either in the magnetotail or in the ionosphere. Comparison of data and MHD simulation results show that the energy input to the magnetosphere was enhanced and that this event was not a case where the solar wind monitor would have trouble predicting the interplanetary field reaching the Earth orbit. Both Geotail observations in the tail and the MHD simulations show that a substantial amount of energy was being consumed in the tail flow activity during this period. Order of magnitude estimates indicate that the flows indeed were sufficient to consume the incoming energy in a quasi-continuous even if bursty manner. Observations from the IMAGE meridional magnetometer network reveal that the substorm that followed several hours later was relatively small, and its size was proportional to the energy input after the substorm onset, not to the total energy input since the southward turning of the interplanetary field. It is argued that the continuous flow activity disturbed the formation of the thin current sheet in the inner magnetotail, which led to the delay in the substorm development. However, the controlling factor which finally led to the global instability remains an open issue. C1 Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 152, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Pulkkinen, TI (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RI Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012 OI Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 23 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A8 AR 1326 DI 10.1029/2001JA009132 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 715YA UT WOS:000185001000001 ER PT J AU Badyal, YS Simonson, JM AF Badyal, YS Simonson, JM TI The effects of temperature on the hydration structure around Ni2+ in concentrated aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A preliminary investigation has been made of the effects of temperature on the hydration structure around Ni2+ in a concentrated (nominally 4 m) aqueous solution of nickel (II) chloride using the technique of neutron diffraction with isotope substitution. The scattering from two heavy water solutions containing, respectively, nickel in natural abundance and enriched in the Ni-62 isotope, were measured at temperatures of 90, 175, and 230 degreesC using the general liquids and amorphous materials diffractometer at the intense pulsed neutron source, Argonne National Laboratory. The Ni2+ hydration structure was seen to become progressively weaker and broader with increasing temperature, consistent with the findings of previous experiments. A more subtle effect of temperature on hydration structure has also been highlighted for the first time, namely, gradual shifts in the first hydration peak positions in the real-space difference function. Our findings point to the importance of following changes in hydration structure closely by measuring as many state points as possible, and the desirability of complementary approaches such as EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure) and quasielastic neutron scattering. Our initial study has also demonstrated the successful performance of a new sample cell designed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for handling corrosive aqueous solutions under conditions of elevated temperatures and pressures. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Badyal, YS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4413 EP 4418 DI 10.1063/1.1593016 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 710HW UT WOS:000184675600037 ER PT J AU Chialvo, AA Horita, J AF Chialvo, AA Horita, J TI Isotopic effect on phase equilibria of atomic fluids and their mixtures: A direct comparison between molecular simulation and experiment SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN-SQUARE FORCE; VAPOR-PRESSURE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LIQUID ARGON; SEPARATION FACTOR; TRIPLE POINT; STATISTICAL MECHANICS; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; EXCESS PROPERTIES; KRYPTON MIXTURES AB Vapor-liquid and vapor-solid isotopic fractionation of noble gases and their mixtures are studied by molecular-based simulation of atomic Lennard-Jones fluids. The temperature dependence of the fractionation factors for Ar-36/Ar-40, Ne-20/Ne-22, Kr-80/Kr-84 and the composition dependence of the corresponding fractionation factors for binary Ar-Kr mixtures as predicted by simulation are compared with the existing experimental data, to assess the accuracy of h(2)-order Kirkwood-Wigner free energy expansion for specific Lennard-Jones parametrizations. Predictions of the fractionation factors for other isotopic pairs, including Ne-20/Ne-21, and Xe-132/Xe-136 as well as tests of some premises behind the microscopic interpretation of the fractionation factors are also given. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chialvoaa@ornl.gov OI Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4458 EP 4467 DI 10.1063/1.1594178 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 710HW UT WOS:000184675600042 ER PT J AU Gorelik, LY Shekhter, RI Vinokur, VM Feldman, DE Kozub, VI Jonson, M AF Gorelik, LY Shekhter, RI Vinokur, VM Feldman, DE Kozub, VI Jonson, M TI Electrical manipulation of nanomagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate the magnetic coupling between two nanomagnets by means of an ac electric field. In the scheme suggested, the magnetic coupling is mediated by a magnetic particle that is in contact with both nanomagnets via tunnel barriers. The time-dependent electric field is applied so that the height of first one barrier then the other is suppressed in an alternating fashion. We show that the result is a pumping of magnetization from one nanomagnet to the other through the mediating particle. The dynamics of the magnetization of the mediating particle allows the coupling to be switched between being ferromagnetic and being antiferromagnetic. C1 Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Inst, Div Solid State Phys, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Gorelik, LY (reprint author), Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RI Jonson, Mats/D-6545-2011; Kozub, Veniamin/E-4017-2014 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 8 AR 088301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.088301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 714EF UT WOS:000184898800059 PM 14525281 ER PT J AU Hirano, T Nara, Y AF Hirano, T Nara, Y TI Back-to-back correlations of high-p(T) hadrons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMAS; P(T) AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY; QCD; EXPANSION; OPACITY; PARTONS; PROBE; JETS; A+A AB We investigate the suppression factor and the azimuthal correlation function for high p(T) hadrons in central Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV by using a dynamical model in which hydrodynamics is combined with explicitly traveling jets. We study the effects of parton energy loss in a hot medium, intrinsic k(T) of partons in a nucleus, and p(perpendicular to) broadening of jets on the back-to-back correlations of high p(T) hadrons. Parton energy loss is found to be a dominant effect on the reduction of the awayside peaks in the correlation function. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hirano, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 8 AR 082301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.082301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 714EF UT WOS:000184898800012 PM 14525234 ER PT J AU Neufeld, Z Kiss, IZ Zhou, CS Kurths, J AF Neufeld, Z Kiss, IZ Zhou, CS Kurths, J TI Synchronization and oscillator death in oscillatory media with stirring SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC ADVECTION; POPULATIONS; ARRAY AB The effect of stirring in an inhomogeneous oscillatory medium is investigated. We show that the stirring rate can control the macroscopic behavior of the system producing collective oscillations (synchronization) or complete quenching of the oscillations (oscillator death). We interpret the homogenization rate due to mixing as a measure of global coupling and compare the phase diagrams of stirred oscillatory media and of populations of globally coupled oscillators. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Appl Math, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. RP Neufeld, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhou, Changsong /F-4707-2010; Neufeld, Zoltan/C-3008-2011; Kiss, Istvan/C-7392-2014 OI Kiss, Istvan/0000-0003-1473-6644 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 8 AR 084101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.084101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 714EF UT WOS:000184898800018 PM 14525240 ER PT J AU Shi, JR Xie, XC AF Shi, JR Xie, XC TI Radiation-induced "zero-resistance state" and the photon-assisted transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE CONDUCTANCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTOR; SUPERLATTICE; FIELDS AB We demonstrate that the radiation-induced "zero-resistance state" observed in a two-dimensional electron gas is a result of the nontrivial structure of the density of states of the systems and the photon-assisted transport. A toy model of a quantum tunneling junction with oscillatory density of states in leads catches most of the important features of the experiments. We present a generalized Kubo-Greenwood conductivity formula for the photon-assisted transport in a general system and show essentially the same nature of the transport anomaly in a uniform system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Shi, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Shi, Junren/D-5156-2009 NR 19 TC 136 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 8 AR 086801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.086801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 714EF UT WOS:000184898800043 PM 14525265 ER PT J AU Santer, BD Wigley, TML Meehl, GA Wehner, MF Mears, C Schabel, M Wentz, FJ Ammann, C Arblaster, J Bettge, T Washington, WM Taylor, KE Boyle, JS Bruggemann, W Doutriaux, C AF Santer, BD Wigley, TML Meehl, GA Wehner, MF Mears, C Schabel, M Wentz, FJ Ammann, C Arblaster, J Bettge, T Washington, WM Taylor, KE Boyle, JS Bruggemann, W Doutriaux, C TI Reliability of satellite data sets - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID RADIOSONDE TEMPERATURE DATA; TIME-SERIES; TRENDS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Arblaster, Julie/C-1342-2010 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Arblaster, Julie/0000-0002-4287-2363 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5636 BP 1047 EP 1049 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 713RP UT WOS:000184872400019 ER PT J AU Wong, J Krisch, M Farber, DL Occelli, F Schwartz, AJ Chiang, TC Wall, M Boro, C Xu, RQ AF Wong, J Krisch, M Farber, DL Occelli, F Schwartz, AJ Chiang, TC Wall, M Boro, C Xu, RQ TI Phonon dispersions of fcc delta-plutonium-gallium by inelastic X-ray scattering SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; GAMMA-CE; ELECTRONS; DYNAMICS; THORIUM; LATTICE AB We report an experimental determination of the phonon dispersion curves in a face-centered cubic (fcc) delta-plutonium-0.6 weight % gallium alloy. Several unusual features, including a large elastic anisotropy, a small-shear elastic modulus C', a Kohn-like anomaly in the T(1)[011] branch, and a pronounced softening of the [111] transverse modes, are found. These features can be related to the phase transitions of plutonium and to strong coupling between the lattice structure and the 5f valence instabilities. Our results also provide a critical test for theoretical treatments of highly correlated 5f electron systems as exemplified by recent dynamical mean field theory calculations for delta-plutonium. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wong, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wong10@llnl.gov RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011; Xu, Ruqing/K-3586-2012 OI Xu, Ruqing/0000-0003-1037-0059 NR 23 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5636 BP 1078 EP 1080 DI 10.1126/science.1087179 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 713RP UT WOS:000184872400034 PM 12934002 ER PT J AU Christensen, AN Jensen, TR Scarlett, NVY Madsen, IC Hanson, JC Altomare, A AF Christensen, AN Jensen, TR Scarlett, NVY Madsen, IC Hanson, JC Altomare, A TI In-situ X-ray powder diffraction studies of hydrothermal and thermal decomposition reactions of basic bismuth(III) nitrates in the temperature range 20-650 degrees C SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL AB The syntheses of basic bismuth(in) nitrates under hydrothermal conditions and their dry decomposition to alpha-Bi2O3 in solid-state reactions was investigated by in-situ synchrotron X-ray radiation powder diffraction. Three basic bismuth(III) nitrates with known structures are: [Bi6O4(OH)(4)](NO3)(6).4H(2)O, C, [Bi6O4(OH)(4)](NO3)(6).H2O, D, and [Bi6O5(OH)(3)](NO3)(5).3H(2)O, A. They contain the complex ions [Bi6O4(OH)(4)](6+) and {[Bi6O5(OH)(3)](5+)}(2), respectively. A fourth basic bismuth(III) nitrated X, apparently has the composition [Bi6O4.5(OH)(3.5)](NO3)(5.5).H2O according to chemical analysis. The transformation of C via D to X, or of C directly to X was established in the in-situ hydrothermal synthesis. Similarities in the decomposition paths of C, D and X in the solid-state in-situ investigations support the above composition indicated for X. The compound A has a decomposition path different from those of C D and X. This is consistent with the complex ion {[Bi6O5(OH)(3)](5+)}(2) in A, being different from the complex ion [Bi6O4(OH)(4)](6+) in the other two basic bismuth(III) nitrates. All four compounds have alpha-Bi2O3 as the final decomposition product. C1 Univ Aarhus, Dept Inorgan Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. CSIRO Minerals, Clayton South, Vic 3169, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Dipartimento Geomineral, CNR, ISMEC, I-70125 Bari, Italy. RP Christensen, AN (reprint author), Hojkolvej 7, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD AUG 21 PY 2003 IS 16 BP 3278 EP 3282 DI 10.1039/b303926a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 714VY UT WOS:000184935200020 ER PT J AU Park, SK Roberts, JJ AF Park, SK Roberts, JJ TI Conductivity structure of the San Andreas fault, Parkfield, revisited SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB A previous interpretation of a high resolution magnetotelluric profile across the San Andreas fault at Parkfield attributed an anomalously conductive region just west of the fault and extending to depths of 3 km to fractured rock saturated with brines. Laboratory measured electrical resistivities of samples of sedimentary rocks known to border the fault to the east are comparable to resistivities of the anomalous zone. We suggest that the anomalous region results from conductive sedimentary rocks in a plunging syncline that is adjacent to the fault, rather than caused by fractured rock. If correct, the current surface trace of the San Andreas fault at Middle Mountain does not form the boundary between the Salinian block and the North American plate. Instead, that boundary is similar to1 km west and collocated with current seismicity. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Park, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 16 AR 1842 DI 10.1029/2003GL017689 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 715XB UT WOS:000184998400004 ER PT J AU Flagg, CN Dunn, M AF Flagg, CN Dunn, M TI Characterization of the mean and seasonal flow regime on Georges Bank from shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE GLOBEC; Georges Bank; seasonal current variability; ADCP; multi-cruise ADCP analysis methods ID RESIDUAL CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN FLANK; STRATIFICATION; RECIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; CHANNEL; MAINE; GULF AB From 1995 through 1999 the Northwest Atlantic GLOBEC program sponsored over 100 oceanographic cruises to Georges Bank and the surrounding waters. About 12,000 hours of shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data were collected during the program on more than 80 of these cruises, forming one of the most extensive three-dimensional current measurement data sets ever collected. These data have been used here to examine the seasonal variability of the bank's barotropic flow field. The variability has been described using the 5 years of ADCP observations to derive both small area statistics and seasonal least squares fits, and a more flexible description based upon interpolating functions describing the spatial and temporal dependence of the bank-wide stream functions. Both methods show the seasonal acceleration of the bank gyre in the summer with larger velocities along the north flank and smaller seasonal variations over the southern flank. The stream functions show the seasonal change from a winter condition with on-bank flow from the northwest through to the acceleration and ecologically critical closure of the anticyclonic Georges Bank gyre during the summer. On the basis of annual and semiannual decompositions of the seasonal progression, the closure of the gyre in the area of the Great South Channel appears to occur by June, first in the shallow waters and then progressively southward, but it does not extend as far as the middle of the southern flank. A series of monthly Lagrangian drift predictions based upon the stream function analysis, suggest that the observed seasonal movement of the larval fish from their spawning grounds over the Northeast Peak in March, through to their late summer concentration over the central bank, can generally be ascribed to the seasonal barotropic flow over the inner portion of the bank. The analysis also showed that those larvae found over the outer part of the bank are, almost certainly, doomed to be swept out of the banks' ecosystem, to either the west or south. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Flagg, CN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 21 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C11 AR 8002 DI 10.1029/2001JC001257 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 715XT UT WOS:000185000300001 ER PT J AU Chupas, PJ Corbin, DR Rao, VNM Hanson, JC Grey, CP AF Chupas, PJ Corbin, DR Rao, VNM Hanson, JC Grey, CP TI A combined solid-state NMR and diffraction study of the structures and acidity of fluorinated aluminas: Implications for catalysis SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GAMMA-ALUMINA; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE; SURFACE-AREA; FLUORIDE; SITES; GAMMA-AL2O3; TRIFLUORIDE; BEHAVIOR AB We have investigated the structures of a series of pristine and Zn2+-impregnated aluminas following fluorination with HF, by using both solid-state NMR and X-ray powder diffraction methods. In the absence of any cation impregnation, alpha-AlF3 and small amounts of beta-AlF3 are formed at a temperature of 400 degreesC with an HF/N-2 ratio of 1/1. Even higher fractions of beta-AlF3 are formed from the impregnated phases for HF levels of 30% and higher, along with a significant concentration of alpha-AlF3. In contrast, fluorination of Zn2+-impregnated gamma-Al2O3 in dilute HF feeds resulted in formation of the aluminum (hydroxy)fluoride pyrochlore phase, AlF2-OH, in significant quantities. Thus, even very low levels of transition metals (<2 wt %) appear to play an important role in controlling the phase formed during the fluorination reaction. The formation of the metastable beta-AlF3 and pyrochlore phases, which both contain three- and six-membered Al rings, is ascribed to the presence of high concentrations of protons, either in the starting material or in the fluorinating agent. The pyrochlore phase is stabilized in the presence of Zn, presumably due to the vacant A site in this structure, which can accommodate Zn2+ ions more readily than the vacancies in the beta-AlF3 structure. Basic probe molecules (dimethylphenylphosphine), in combination with P-31 NMR, were used to study and quantify the surface acidic sites that are formed as a result of fluorination. On the basis of our work, we suggest that the Zn2+ ions are not directly implicated as catalytically active centers. The presence of Zn causes an associated increase in the concentration of coordinatively unsaturated aluminum sites, which can then act as the catalytically active centers for F/Cl exchange reactions. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grey, CP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 47 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 21 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 33 BP 8327 EP 8336 DI 10.1021/jp0300905 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 713KB UT WOS:000184855700012 ER PT J AU Bruhwiler, D Frei, H AF Bruhwiler, D Frei, H TI Structure of Ni(II) and Ru(III) ammine complexes grafted onto mesoporous silicate sieve SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTIVITY; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; ACTIVE-SITES; SURFACE; MCM-41; CATALYSTS; CRYSTAL AB Ru(III) and Ni(II) ammine complexes were grafted onto the pore surface of MCM-41 by ion exchange from basic aqueous solution. Covalent anchoring of the type M-O-Si (M = Ru or Ni) is obtained by this method. The structure of the grafted complexes was studied by UV-vis, FT-IR, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. [Ru(NH3)(5)Cl](2+) readily yielded monopodal grafting, while dehydration was needed in the case of [Ru(NH3)(6)](3+) to achieve substitution of a NH3 ligand with a siloxy group. The interaction of charge-compensating siloxy groups with remaining NH3 ligands further stabilized the grafted Ru(III) centers. Dipodal grafting of Ni(II) was obtained with [Ni(NH3)(6-x)(H2O)(x)](2+) (x = 1 or 2). Upon dehydration, the dipodally grafted Ni(II) complexes are converted in a reversible process to a tripodally anchored form through substitution of a H2O ligand by a silanol group. The formation of layered Ni silicate structures, a dominant product in the Ni grafted amorphous silica, was not observed. This demonstrates that simple coordination complexes can be used for accomplishing covalent attachment of isolated metal centers on a mesoporous silicate sieve in high yield. Grafting of Ni(II) onto MCM-41 containing isolated Ti(IV) centers resulted in the formation Ti(IV)-O-Ni(II) moieties, which are of special interest for photochemical applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Mailstop Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Mailstop Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bruhwiler, Dominik/L-6362-2013 OI Bruhwiler, Dominik/0000-0002-9284-5144 NR 67 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 21 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 33 BP 8547 EP 8556 DI 10.1021/jp0300795 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 713KB UT WOS:000184855700044 ER PT J AU Balakirev, FF Betts, JB Migliori, A Ono, S Ando, Y Boebinger, GS AF Balakirev, FF Betts, JB Migliori, A Ono, S Ando, Y Boebinger, GS TI Signature of optimal doping in Hall-effect measurements on a high-temperature superconductor SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-STATE; HIGH-T(C) SUPERCONDUCTORS; QUANTUM CRITICALITY; INSULATOR; CUPRATE; PHASE; METAL; ANGLE; FIELD; TC AB High-temperature superconductivity is achieved by doping copper oxide insulators with charge carriers. The density of carriers in conducting materials can be determined from measurements of the Hall voltage-the voltage transverse to the flow of the electrical current that is proportional to an applied magnetic field. In common metals, this proportionality (the Hall coefficient) is robustly temperature independent. This is in marked contrast to the behaviour seen in high-temperature superconductors when in the 'normal' (resistive) state(1-5); the departure from expected behaviour is a key signature of the unconventional nature of the normal state, the origin of which remains a central controversy in condensed matter physics(6). Here we report the evolution of the low-temperature Hall coefficient in the normal state as the carrier density is increased, from the onset of superconductivity and beyond (where superconductivity has been suppressed by a magnetic field). Surprisingly, the Hall coefficient does not vary monotonically with doping but rather exhibits a sharp change at the optimal doping level for superconductivity. This observation supports the idea that two competing ground states underlie the high-temperature superconducting phase. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Balakirev, FF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fedor@lanl.gov RI Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013 OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355 NR 29 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 21 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6951 BP 912 EP 915 DI 10.1038/nature01890 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 713EH UT WOS:000184843600033 PM 12931180 ER PT J AU Rahn, T Eiler, JM Boering, KA Wennberg, PO McCarthy, MC Tyler, S Schauffler, S Donnelly, S Atlas, E AF Rahn, T Eiler, JM Boering, KA Wennberg, PO McCarthy, MC Tyler, S Schauffler, S Donnelly, S Atlas, E TI Extreme deuterium enrichment in stratospheric hydrogen and the global atmospheric budget of H-2 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERE; METEORITES; TRITIUM; LEAKAGE; CARBON AB Molecular hydrogen (H-2) is the second most abundant trace gas in the atmosphere after methane(1) (CH4). In the troposphere, the D/H ratio of H-2 is enriched by 120parts per thousand relative to the world's oceans(2-4). This cannot be explained by the sources of H-2 for which the D/H ratio has been measured to date (for example, fossil fuels and biomass burning)(5,6). But the isotopic composition of H-2 from its single largest source-the photochemical oxidation of methane-has yet to be determined. Here we show that the D/H ratio of stratospheric H-2 develops enrichments greater than 440parts per thousand, the most extreme D/H enrichment observed in a terrestrial material. We estimate the D/H ratio of H-2 produced from CH4 in the stratosphere, where production is isolated from the influences of non-photochemical sources and sinks, showing that the chain of reactions producing H-2 from CH4 concentrates D in the product H-2. This enrichment, which we estimate is similar on a global average in the troposphere, contributes substantially to the D/H ratio of tropospheric H-2. C1 CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci Dept, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Rahn, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-6,MS-D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McCarthy, Michael/E-5970-2010; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 NR 28 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 21 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6951 BP 918 EP 921 DI 10.1038/nature01917 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 713EH UT WOS:000184843600035 PM 12931182 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, JC Wojnarowski, RJ Beche, JF Fillion, R Kapusta, C Millaud, J Saia, R Wilke, MD AF Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, JC Wojnarowski, RJ Beche, JF Fillion, R Kapusta, C Millaud, J Saia, R Wilke, MD TI 3D interconnect architecture for high-bandwidth massively paralleled imager SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors CY SEP 08-12, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE 3D interconnect; vertical stacking; high-density packaging; fast imaging; proton radiography AB The proton radiography group at LANL is developing a fast (5 x 10(6) frames/s or 5 megaframe/s) multi-frame imager for use in dynamic radiographic experiments with high-energy protons. The mega-pixel imager will acquire and process a burst of 32 frames captured at inter-frame time similar to200 ns. Real time signal processing and storage requirements for entire frames, of rapidly acquired pixels impose severe demands on the space available for the electronics in standard monolithic approach. As such, a 3D arrangement of detector and circuit elements is under development. In this scheme, the readout integrated circuits (ROICs) are stacked vertically (like playing cards) into a cube configuration. Another die, a fully depleted pixel photo-diode focal plane array (FPA), is bump bonded to one of the edge surfaces formed by the resulting ROIC cube. Recently, an assembly of the proof-of-principle test cube and sensor has been completed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Gen Elect, Global Res Ctr, Schenectady, NY USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kwiatkowski, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2003 VL 509 IS 1-3 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01571-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 716UM UT WOS:000185047700032 ER PT J AU Yiou, S Balembois, F Schaffers, K Georges, P AF Yiou, S Balembois, F Schaffers, K Georges, P TI Efficient laser operation of an Yb : S-FAP crystal at 985 nm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID YTTERBIUM-DOPED SR-5(PO4)(3)F; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; HIGH-POWER AB We have obtained three-level cw laser operation at 985 nm with a Yb-doped S-FAP bulk crystal pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser. An output power of 250 mW for an incident pump power of 1.45 W has been achieved, which is the highest cw output power ever obtained, to our knowledge, at this wavelength with a Yb-doped crystal. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical model that we have developed. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Ctr Univ Paris 11, Inst Opt, CNRS, UMR 8501,Lab Charles Fabry, F-91403 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ctr Univ Paris 11, Inst Opt, CNRS, UMR 8501,Lab Charles Fabry, Batiment 503, F-91403 Orsay, France. EM sylvie.yiou@iota.u-psud.fr NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 24 BP 4883 EP 4886 DI 10.1364/AO.42.004883 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 714XR UT WOS:000184940000014 PM 12952335 ER PT J AU Kasen, D Nugent, P Wang, LF Howell, DA Wheeler, JC Hoflich, P Baade, D Baron, E Hauschildt, PH AF Kasen, D Nugent, P Wang, LF Howell, DA Wheeler, JC Hoflich, P Baade, D Baron, E Hauschildt, PH TI Analysis of the flux and polarization spectra of the type Ia supernova SN 2001el: Exploring the geometry of the high-velocity ejecta SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE polarization; supernovae : individual (SN 2001el) ID DELAYED DETONATION; THOMSON SCATTERING; SOBOLEV METHOD; LIGHT CURVES; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; ASPHERICITY; ENVELOPES; 1994D; POLARIMETRY; RADIATION AB SN 2001e1 is the first normal Type Ia supernova to show a strong, intrinsic polarization signal. In addition, during the epochs prior to maximum light, the Ca II IR triplet absorption is seen distinctly and separately at both normal photospheric velocities and at very high velocities. The high-velocity triplet absorption is highly polarized, with a different polarization angle than the rest of the spectrum. The unique observation allows us to construct a relatively detailed picture of the layered geometrical structure of the supernova ejecta: in our interpretation, the ejecta layers near the photosphere (v approximate to 10,000 km s(-1)) obey a nearly axial symmetry, while a detached, high-velocity structure (v approximate to 18,000-25,000 km s(-1)) with high Ca II line opacity deviates from the photospheric axisymmetry. By partially obscuring the underlying photosphere, the high-velocity structure causes a more incomplete cancellation of the polarization of the photospheric light and so gives rise to the polarization peak and rotated polarization angle of the high-velocity IR triplet feature. In an effort to constrain the ejecta geometry, we develop a technique for calculating three-dimensional synthetic polarization spectra and use it to generate polarization profiles for several parameterized configurations. In particular, we examine the case in which the inner ejecta layers are ellipsoidal and the outer, high-velocity structure is one of four possibilities: a spherical shell, an ellipsoidal shell, a clumped shell, or a toroid. The synthetic spectra rule out the spherical shell model, disfavor a toroid, and find a best fit with the clumped shell. We show further that different geometries can be more clearly discriminated if observations are obtained from several different lines of sight. Thus, assuming that the high-velocity structure observed for SN 2001e1 is a consistent feature of at least a known subset of Type Ia supernovae, future observations and analyses such as these may allow one to put strong constraints on the ejecta geometry and hence on supernova progenitors and explosion mechanisms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kasen, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 51 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 593 IS 2 BP 788 EP 808 DI 10.1086/376601 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712XA UT WOS:000184823400016 ER PT J AU Michael, E McCray, R Chevalier, R Filippenko, AV Lundqvist, P Challis, P Sugerman, B Lawrence, S Pun, CSJ Garnavich, P Kirshner, R Crotts, A Fransson, C Li, WD Panagia, N Phillips, M Schmidt, B Sonneborn, G Suntzeff, N Wang, LF Wheeler, JC AF Michael, E McCray, R Chevalier, R Filippenko, AV Lundqvist, P Challis, P Sugerman, B Lawrence, S Pun, CSJ Garnavich, P Kirshner, R Crotts, A Fransson, C Li, WD Panagia, N Phillips, M Schmidt, B Sonneborn, G Suntzeff, N Wang, LF Wheeler, JC TI Hubble Space Telescope observations of high-velocity Ly alpha and H alpha emission from supernova remnant 1987A: The structure and development of the reverse shock SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE shock waves; supernovae : individual (SN 1987A); supernova remnants ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; X-RAY REMNANT; SN 1987A; CIRCUMSTELLAR RING; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; LINE EMISSION; HOT-SPOTS; SN-1987A; EVOLUTION; EJECTA AB We present two-dimensional line profiles of high-velocity (similar to+/-12,000 km s(-1)) Lyalpha and Halpha emission from supernova remnant 1987A obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph between 1997 September and 2001 September (days 3869-5327 after the explosion). This emission comes from hydrogen in the debris that is excited and ionized as it passes through the remnant's reverse shock. We use these profiles to measure the geometry and development of the reverse-shock surface. The observed emission is confined within similar to+/-30degrees about the remnant's equatorial plane. At the equator, the reverse shock has a radius of similar to75% of the distance to the equatorial ring. We detect marginal differences (6% +/- 3%) between the location of the reverse-shock front in the northeast and southwest parts of the remnant. The radius of the reverse shock surface increases for latitudes above the equator, a geometry consistent with a model in which the supernova debris expands into a bipolar nebula. Assuming that the outer supernova debris has a power-law density distribution, we can infer from the reverse-shock emission light curve an expansion rate ( in the northeast part of the remnant) of 3700 +/- 900 km s(-1), consistent with the expansion velocities determined from observations in radio ( Manchester et al.) and X-ray ( Park et al.; Michael et al.) wavelengths. However, our most recent observation ( at day 5327) suggests that the rate of increase of mass flux across the northeast sector of the reverse shock has accelerated, perhaps because of deceleration of the reverse shock caused by the arrival of a reflected shock created when the blast wave struck the inner ring. Resonant scattering within the supernova debris causes Lyalpha photons created at the reverse shock to be directed preferentially outward, resulting in a factor of similar to5 difference in the observed brightness of the reverse shock in Lyalpha between the near and far sides of the remnant. Accounting for this effect, we compare the observed reverse-shock Lyalpha and Halpha fluxes to infer the amount of interstellar extinction by dust as E(B - V) = 0.17 +/- 0.01 mag. We also notice extinction by dust in the equatorial ring with E(B - V) approximate to 0.02-0.08 mag, which implies dust-to-gas ratios similar to that of the LMC. Since Halpha photons are optically thin to scattering, the observed asymmetry in brightness of Halpha from the near and far sides of the remnant represents a real asymmetry in the mass flux through the reverse shock of similar to30%. We discuss future observational strategies that will permit us to further investigate the reverse-shock dynamics and resonant scattering of the Lyalpha line and to constrain better the extinction by dust within and in front of the remnant. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Dept Astron, Stockholm Observ, SCFAB, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hofstra Univ 151, Dept Phys & Astron, Hempstead, NY 11590 USA. NASA, Lab Astron & Space Phys, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Michael, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Campus Box 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 593 IS 2 BP 809 EP 830 DI 10.1086/376725 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712XA UT WOS:000184823400017 ER PT J AU Warner, PB Kaye, AB Guzik, JA AF Warner, PB Kaye, AB Guzik, JA TI A theoretical gamma Doradus instability strip SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instabilities; stars : oscillations; stars : variables : other ID DELTA-SCUTI STARS; GRAVITY-MODE PULSATIONS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; MAIN SEQUENCE; VARIABLES; DIFFUSION; DISCOVERY; SYSTEMS; STATE; OPAL AB In this paper, we present the first theoretical gamma Doradus instability strip. We find that our model instability strip agrees very well with the previously established, observationally based, instability strip of Handler & Shobbrook. We stress, as do Guzik et al., that the convection zone depth plays the major role in the determination of our instability strip. Once this depth becomes too deep or too shallow, the convection zone no longer allows for pulsational instability. Our theoretical gamma Dor instability strip is bounded by similar to6850 and 7360 K at the red and blue edge, respectively, on the zero-age main sequence and by similar to6560 and 7000 K at the red and blue edge, respectively, approximately 2 mag more luminous. This theoretical strip, transformed to the observer's color-magnitude diagram, overlays the region where most of the 30 bona. de gamma Dor stars are found. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Warner, PB (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 593 IS 2 BP 1049 EP 1055 DI 10.1086/376727 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712XA UT WOS:000184823400036 ER PT J AU Kwak, K Cho, MH Fleming, GR Agarwal, R Prall, BS AF Kwak, K Cho, MH Fleming, GR Agarwal, R Prall, BS TI Two-color transient grating spectroscopy of a two-level system SO BULLETIN OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE transient grating; solvation; spectroscopy ID SOLVATION DYNAMICS; CONDENSED PHASES; PHOTON-ECHO AB A theoretical description and experimental demonstration of homodyne-detected two-color transient grating (2-C TG) signal are presented. By treating the coupled bath degrees of freedom as a collection of harmonic oscillators and using a short-time expansion method, approximated nonlinear response functions were obtained. An analytic expression for the two-color transient grating signal was obtained by carrying out relevant Gaussian integrals. The initial rising and decaying parts of the 2-C TG signal is shown to be critically dependent on the ultrafast inertial component of the solvation correlation function. The experimental results confirm the predictions of the theoretical model. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Korea Univ, Ctr Multidimens Spect, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cho, MH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RI Kwak, Kyungwon /D-8046-2015 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU KOREAN CHEMICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0253-2964 J9 B KOR CHEM SOC JI Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1069 EP 1074 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 728GT UT WOS:000185710000008 ER PT J AU Fleming, GR Yang, M Agarwal, R Prall, BS Kaufman, LJ Neuwahl, F AF Fleming, GR Yang, M Agarwal, R Prall, BS Kaufman, LJ Neuwahl, F TI Two dimensional electronic spectroscopy SO BULLETIN OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE non degenerate; photon echo; two-color; fifth-order ID ECHO PEAK SHIFT; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL RESPONSE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PURPLE BACTERIA; TRANSIENT-GRATING SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAFAST SOLVATION DYNAMICS; FEMTOSECOND PHOTON-ECHOES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS AB Two different electronically resonant two-dimensional spectroscopies are described. The first, two-color photon echo peak shift spectroscopy, is sensitive to correlations in transition frequency between the initial and probed (final) states. It provides new insight into the mechanism of ultrafast solvation and should prove useful for characterizing dynamics in inhomogeneous systems in general. The second technique, fifth order three-pulse scattering, contains two coherence periods whose durations are controlled. The entire two-dimensional surface was recorded for a dye molecule in dilute solution and a photosynthetic light-harvesting complex. The data provide insight into the short-time dynamics of solvation and exciton relaxation, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Yang, Mino/0000-0001-9504-0280 NR 57 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU KOREAN CHEMICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0253-2964 J9 B KOREAN CHEM SOC JI Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1081 EP 1090 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 728GT UT WOS:000185710000010 ER PT J AU Chapline, G AF Chapline, G TI Quantum phase transitions and the failure of classical general relativity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Theoretical Physics CY 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chapline, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 21 BP 3587 EP 3590 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03016380 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 740CK UT WOS:000186383300001 ER PT J AU Thornton, JA Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC Williams, EJ Hereid, D Fehsenfeld, FC Stutz, J Alicke, B AF Thornton, JA Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC Williams, EJ Hereid, D Fehsenfeld, FC Stutz, J Alicke, B TI Comparisons of in situ and long path measurements of NO2 in urban plumes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE NO2; NOx; O-3 ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; OH PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; PHOTOLYSIS SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC NO2; DIODE-LASER; NASHVILLE; NITROGEN; SENSITIVITY; INSTRUMENT AB Measurements of NO2 were taken at Cornelia Fort Airpark in Nashville, TN, during the 1999 Southern Oxidant Study using three different techniques: photolysis to NO followed by chemiluminescence (PCL), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). This was an informal comparison of these techniques conducted during the 1999 Southern Oxidant Study. The PCL and LIF instruments were connected to a common manifold that sampled at the top of a 10-m-walkup tower. The DOAS instrument sampled over a 1.37-km-long light path with end points at 2 and 35 m above ground. The range of NO2 mixing ratios measured was 0.75 ppbv to over 60 ppbv and the median value was nearly 3 ppbv. While preliminary data analysis showed overall agreement between the LIF and PCL instruments to within 1% (least squares slope = 0.99; r(2) = 0.98), subsequent analysis revealed a discontinuous shift of about 12% in the PCL data, which was confirmed by comparison to the DOAS data. A leak in the PCL inlet system was the likely cause. After adjustment of the affected PCL data, a comparison of all the coincident measurements showed high correlation (r(2) > 0.99) and overall agreement to within 5%. Analysis of the ratios of PCL NO2 to LIF NO2 showed that greater than 90% of individual data points agree to within the total combined instrumental uncertainties. However, the comparison over short time periods is more precise than the average over the campaign. We attribute this to the need for improved PCL instrument data reduction procedures. The two in situ instruments were also operated side by side a year later in Houston, TX, with similar results. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D16 AR 4496 DI 10.1029/2003JD003559 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 715XF UT WOS:000184998900005 ER PT J AU Xie, SC Cederwall, RT Zhang, MH Yio, JJ AF Xie, SC Cederwall, RT Zhang, MH Yio, JJ TI Comparison of SCM and CSRM forcing data derived from the ECMWF model and from objective analysis at the ARM SGP site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE large-scale forcing; objective analysis; single-column model; cloud system resolving model ID SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION AB The large-scale forcing data diagnosed from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) model for driving Single-Column Models (SCMs) and Cloud System Resolving Models (CSRMs) are compared with forcing data derived using the objective variational analysis constrained by observations collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. The comparison covers the following three different synoptic conditions: a strong precipitation period dominated by subgrid scale processes during the ARM summer 1997 Intensive Operational Period (IOP), a moderate precipitation period dominated by synoptic scale processes during the spring 2000 IOP, and a nonprecipitation period during the fall 2000 IOP. In the study we demonstrate that the differences between the two forcing data sets are considerably large during the strong convective precipitation period, while they are much less during the moderate and nonprecipitation periods. By analyzing the column-integrated heat and moisture budgets we show that errors in the ECMWF-model-derived forcing are closely associated with errors in the model-predicted surface precipitation, which largely reflect deficiencies of model parameterizations. In SCM tests we show that SCM simulations are sensitive to the prescribed large-scale forcing data. The simulation errors are not well correlated between the SCM runs with the two different forcing data sets for all the three cases. Some important SCM simulated fields, such as surface precipitation, tend to follow the ECMWF model simulations rather than the observations when it is forced with the ECMWF forcing, especially for the summer case. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Xie, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM xie2@llnl.gov; rcederwall@llnl.gov; mzhang@atmsci.msrc.sunysb.edu; yio@llnl.gov RI Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D16 AR 4499 DI 10.1029/2003JD003541 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 715XF UT WOS:000184998900004 ER PT J AU Jiang, N Denlinger, JD Spence, JCH AF Jiang, N Denlinger, JD Spence, JCH TI Electronic structure and oxygen bonding in CaSiO3 silicate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO; SIO BOND; DENSITY; MINERALS; PHOTOELECTRON; METASILICATE; DISILICATE; FORSTERITE; CRYSTAL AB Bonding of the bridging oxygen (BO) and non-bridging oxygen (NBO) sites in the CaSiO3 silicate is studied using soft x-ray emission, absorption and electron energy-loss spectroscopy of the oxygen K edge. Comparisons with APW + lo calculations are discussed, showing that this method can be applied successfully to silicates, which have large unit cells. Several specific features due to BO and NBO atoms in the density of states are reproduced by the calculations. The bonding in CaSiO3 is also examined using electron density maps. Our analysis of deformation electron density maps supports the idea that the NBO to Si bond is more ionic than the BO to Si bond. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jiang, N (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM nan.jiang@asu.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 32 BP 5523 EP 5533 AR PII S0953-8984(03)63174-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/32/312 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 723EX UT WOS:000185420400017 ER PT J AU Maye, MM Luo, J Lim, IIS Han, L Kariuki, NN Rabinovich, D Liu, TB Zhong, CJ AF Maye, MM Luo, J Lim, IIS Han, L Kariuki, NN Rabinovich, D Liu, TB Zhong, CJ TI Size-controlled assembly of gold nanoparticles induced by a tridentate thioether ligand SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DNA; ORGANIZATION; RECOGNITION; MOLECULES; NETWORK C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhong, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RI Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013; Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017 OI Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790 NR 22 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 33 BP 9906 EP 9907 DI 10.1021/ja0363866 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 712CM UT WOS:000184779100008 PM 12914437 ER PT J AU Jeon, SM Turner, J Granick, S AF Jeon, SM Turner, J Granick, S TI Noncontact temperature measurement in microliter-sized volumes using fluorescent-labeled DNA oligomers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Sci Engn Res, Div Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Granick, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 33 BP 9908 EP 9909 DI 10.1021/ja036431+ PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 712CM UT WOS:000184779100009 PM 12914438 ER PT J AU Staiger, CL Loy, DA Jamison, GM Schneider, DA Cornelius, CJ AF Staiger, CL Loy, DA Jamison, GM Schneider, DA Cornelius, CJ TI A parallel colorimetric method for the rapid discovery and optimization of heterogeneous hydrodesulfurization catalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biotechnol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coating Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loy, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biotechnol Dept, POB 5800 MS 0888, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 33 BP 9920 EP 9921 DI 10.1021/ja034222j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 712CM UT WOS:000184779100015 PM 12914444 ER PT J AU Yang, XW Martinovic, S Smith, RD Gong, B AF Yang, XW Martinovic, S Smith, RD Gong, B TI Duplex foldamers from assembly induced folding SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BONDED MOLECULAR DUPLEXES; RECOGNITION; DNA; BINDING; COMPLEX; DOMAIN; DESIGN; FORMS C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gong, B (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 33 BP 9932 EP 9933 DI 10.1021/ja0361897 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 712CM UT WOS:000184779100021 PM 12914450 ER PT J AU Baer, DR AF Baer, DR TI Sharpening our understanding but blurring the boundaries - Dynamic observations of surface reconstruction SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface relaxation and reconstruction; titanium oxide; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM); low energy electron diffraction (LEED) ID TIO2(110) SURFACE; RUTILE TIO2(110); SOLID-SURFACES; OXIDES; STABILITY C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM don.baer@pnl.gov RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 540 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00829-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 713FM UT WOS:000184846500001 ER PT J AU McCarty, KF Bartelt, NC AF McCarty, KF Bartelt, NC TI Spatially resolved dynamics of the TiO2(110) surface reconstruction SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM); surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; surface thermodynamics (including phase transitions); titanium oxide; single crystal surfaces ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ION-SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY; NONCONTACT ATOMIC-FORCE; PHASE-TRANSITION; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SI(111) SURFACE; RUTILE; TEMPERATURE; MORPHOLOGY; RELAXATION AB We use low-energy electron microscopy to image the reversible transformation of the TiO2(1 1 0) surface between a high-temperature 1 x 1 structure and a low-temperature 1 x 2 structure. The reconstruction dynamics are novel: 1 x 2 bands nucleated during cooling at the steps of the starting 1 x 1 surface and then grew laterally from the steps. The transformation kinetics are dominated by mass flow from the surface to the bulk, a process that facilitates converting the high-density 1 x 1 phase to the lower-density 1 x 2 phase. We have also imaged how the 1 x 1 surface reconstructs to 1 x 2 phase after sufficient oxygen is removed from the crystal's bulk during vacuum annealing. 1 x 2 bands also nucleated and grew laterally from the initial 1 x 1 -surface's steps. However, because this isothermal 1 x 1 -to- 1 x 2 transition occurs largely by mass redistribution on the surface, the steps of the initial 1 x 1 surface and final 1 x 2 surface are offset. We propose models of mass redistribution during the 1 x 1/1 x 2 phase transition to explain this effect. We conclude that the phase transition is first-order because it always occurred by the nucleation and growth of discrete phases. Finally, we show that quenching can roughen TiO2'S surface by forming pits and that changing temperature causes step motion on 1 x 2 surfaces. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McCarty, KF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9161, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mccarty@sandia.gov RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 540 IS 2-3 BP 157 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00824-0 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 713FM UT WOS:000184846500010 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Ocko, BM Adzic, RR AF Wang, JX Ocko, BM Adzic, RR TI Overpotential deposition of Ag monolayer and bilayer on Au(111) mediated by Pb adlayer underpotential deposition/stripping cycles SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; surface structure, morphology, roughness and topography; X-ray scattering, diffraction, and reflection ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; BY-LAYER GROWTH; SURFACE; AG(111); ELECTRODEPOSITION; PT(111); GOLD AB Ultra-thin Ag films on the Au(1 1 1) surface were prepared via overpotential deposition (OPD) in the presence of Pb2+ ions. By carrying out repetitive Pb adlayer underpotential deposition (OPD) and stripping cycles during Ag bulk deposition, the two-dimensional growth of Ag films was significantly enhanced in high OPD. The Ag monolayer sample was made by comparing the voltammetry curves, in which the signatures for Pb adlayer UPD on Au(1 1 1) changed to that on Ag(1 1 1). As demonstrated by the X-ray specular reflectivity measurements, nearly complete monolayer and bilayer films can be made with optimized deposition procedures. On subatomic scale, however, we found that these films have significant higher root-mean-square displacement amplitudes than those underpotentially deposited Ag monolayer and bilayer on either Au(1 1 1) or Pt(1 1 1). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Moscow 117333, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Bldg 555, Moscow 117333, Russia. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 540 IS 2-3 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00792-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 713FM UT WOS:000184846500015 ER PT J AU Ball, MJ Lucas, CA Markovic, NM Stamenkovic, V Ross, PN AF Ball, MJ Lucas, CA Markovic, NM Stamenkovic, V Ross, PN TI Surface X-ray scattering studies of the growth of Pd thin films on the Pt(001) electrode surface and the effects of the adsorption of CO SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface structure, morphology, roughness and topography; surface relaxation and reconstruction; platinum; palladium, x-ray scattering, diffraction, and reflection; solid-liquid interfaces; electrochemical methods ID IRREVERSIBLY ADSORBED PALLADIUM; SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTRODES; SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTION; BIMETALLIC SURFACES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PT(111) ELECTRODES; FORMIC-ACID; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; PT(100) AB The morphology of electrochemically deposited Pd films on the Pt(0 0 1) electrode surface has been examined through the combination of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ surface X-ray scattering (SXS). Analysis of SXS measurements has indicated that the Pd grows via pseudomorphic island formation, with the partial occupation of successive layers occurring at a first layer occupation of 0.8 ML. Further Pd deposition sees the formation of larger islands built onto the now complete monolayer, characteristic of pseudomorphic Stranski-Krastanov (SK) growth. In the H-UPD potential region the effect of CO on the surface expansion of the multilayer I'd film is negligible. In the hydrogen evolution region, however, the effect of the adsorption of CO has been shown to produce surface normal expansion and in-plane disorder of the I'd film. It is suggested that hydrogen permeation into the Pd film is enhanced on the CO-poisoned surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lucas, CA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. OI Lucas, Christopher/0000-0001-5743-3868 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 540 IS 2-3 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00841-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 713FM UT WOS:000184846500022 ER PT J AU Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Weinberg, WH Maroudas, D AF Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Weinberg, WH Maroudas, D TI Combined effects of substrate compliance and film compositional grading on strain relaxation in layer-by-layer semiconductor heteroepitaxy: the case of InAs/In0.50Ga0.50As/GaAs(111)A SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer simulations; epitaxy; equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics; gallium arsenide; indium arsenide; semiconductor-semiconductor interfaces; semiconductor-semiconductor thin film structures ID MISFIT DISLOCATION FORMATION; FREE SOLID FILMS; INAS/GAAS(111)A HETEROEPITAXY; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; EPITAXIAL MULTILAYERS; INTERFACIAL STABILITY; CRITICAL THICKNESS; STRESSED SOLIDS; SEGREGATION AB A systematic theoretical analysis is presented of the combined effects of substrate compliance and film compositional grading on the relaxation of strain due to lattice mismatch in layer-by-layer semiconductor heteroepitaxy. The analysis is based on a combination of continuum elasticity theory and a novel atomistic simulation approach for modeling structural and compositional relaxation in layer-by-layer heteroepitaxial systems. Results are presented for InAs epitaxy on GaAs(111)A compliant substrates with some marginal film compositional grading that consists of one monolayer of In0.50Ga0.50As grown on the substrate surface prior to InAs growth. A parametric study is carried out over a wide range of substrate thicknesses. Interfacial stability with respect to misfit dislocation formation, the dependence on substrate thickness of a thermodynamic critical film thickness, and the completion of the coherent-to-semicoherent interfacial transition are examined in detail. In addition, the structural characteristics and compositional distribution of the corresponding semicoherent interfaces, the associated strain fields, as well as the film surface morphological characteristics are analyzed. Most importantly, the role of segregation at defects of a semicoherent interface in the thermodynamics of layer-by-layer heteroepitaxial growth is demonstrated. Our study shows that systematic combination of the mechanical behavior of thin compliant substrates with grading of the epitaxial film composition provides a very promising engineering strategy for strain relaxation in heteroepitaxy. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Symyx Technol Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Maroudas, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-533, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 540 IS 2-3 BP 363 EP 378 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00870-7 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 713FM UT WOS:000184846500029 ER PT J AU Norga, KK Gurganus, MC Dilda, CL Yamamoto, A Lyman, RF Patel, PH Rubin, GM Hoskins, RA Mackay, TF Bellen, HJ AF Norga, KK Gurganus, MC Dilda, CL Yamamoto, A Lyman, RF Patel, PH Rubin, GM Hoskins, RA Mackay, TF Bellen, HJ TI Quantitative analysis of bristle number in Drosophila mutants identifies genes involved in neural development SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-ELEMENT INSERTIONS; BINDING-PROTEIN; TRAIT LOCI; MELANOGASTER; NOTCH; DELTA; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE; POLYMORPHISMS; LOCALIZATION; ARCHITECTURE AB Background: The identification of the function of all genes that contribute to specific biological processes and complex traits is one of the major challenges in the postgenomic era. One approach is to employ forward genetic screens in genetically tractable model organisms. In Drosophila melanogaster, P element-mediated insertional mutagenesis is a versatile tool for the dissection of molecular pathways, and there is an ongoing effort to tag every gene with a P element insertion. However, the vast majority of P element insertion lines are viable and fertile as homozygotes and do not exhibit obvious phenotypic defects, perhaps because of the tendency for P elements to insert 5' of transcription units. Quantitative genetic analysis of subtle effects of P element mutations that have been induced in an isogenic background may be a highly efficient method for functional genome annotation. Results: Here, we have tested the efficacy of this strategy by assessing the extent to which screening for quantitative effects of P elements on sensory bristle number can identify genes affecting neural development. We find that such quantitative screens uncover an unusually large number of genes that are known to function in neural development, as well as genes with yet uncharacterized effects on neural development, and novel loci. Conclusions: Our findings establish the use of quantitative trait analysis for functional genome annotation through forward genetics. Similar analyses of quantitative effects of P element insertions will facilitate our understanding of the genes affecting many other complex traits in Drosophila. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Program Dev Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mackay, TF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Bellen, Hugo/0000-0001-5992-5989; Norga, Koenraad/0000-0002-9231-0350; Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [3P50 HG00750-08S1]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM068949] NR 36 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD AUG 19 PY 2003 VL 13 IS 16 BP 1388 EP 1397 DI 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00546-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 714CZ UT WOS:000184895900019 PM 12932322 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Jobson, BT Kuster, W Goldan, P Murphy, P Williams, E Frost, G Riemer, D Apel, E Stroud, C Wiedinmyer, C Fehsenfeld, F AF Roberts, JM Jobson, BT Kuster, W Goldan, P Murphy, P Williams, E Frost, G Riemer, D Apel, E Stroud, C Wiedinmyer, C Fehsenfeld, F TI An examination of the chemistry of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides and related volatile organic compounds during Texas Air Quality Study 2000 using ground-based measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE PAN; peroxyacetyl nitrate; urban air pollution ID 1999 SOUTHERN-OXIDANTS; PEROXYPROPIONYL NITRATE; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; OZONE PRODUCTION; REGIONAL OZONE; RATE CONSTANTS AB Measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) along with related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were made at the La Porte super site during the TexAQS 2000 Houston study. The PAN mixing ratios ranged up to 6.5 ppbv and were broadly correlated with O-3, characteristic of a highly polluted urban environment. The anthropogenic PAN homologue concentrations were generally consistent with those found in other urban environments; peroxypropionic nitric anhydride (PPN) averaged 15%, and peroxyisobutyric nitric anhydride (PiBN) averaged 3% of PAN. Some periods were noted where local petrochemical sources resulted in anomalous PANs chemistry. This effect was especially noticeable in the case of peroxyacrylic nitric anhydride (APAN) where local sources of 1,3-butadiene and acrolein resulted in APAN as high as 30% of PAN. Peroxymethacrylic nitric anhydride (MPAN) was a fairly minor constituent of the PANs except for two periods on 4 and 5 September when air masses from high biogenic hydrocarbons (BHC) areas were observed. BHC chemistry was not a factor in the highest ozone pollution episodes in Houston but may have an impact on daily average ozone levels in some circumstances. C1 NOAA, ERL, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jr@al.noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 19 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D16 AR 4495 DI 10.1029/2003JD003383 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 715XE UT WOS:000184998800007 ER PT J AU Gotmar, G Stanley, BJ Fornstedt, T Guiochon, G AF Gotmar, G Stanley, BJ Fornstedt, T Guiochon, G TI Heterogeneous adsorption of beta-blockers on immobilized Cel7A and adsorption energy distribution of two enantiomers on a chiral phase SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PROPRANOLOL ENANTIOMERS; CELLULASE PROTEIN; EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; STATIONARY-PHASE; CBH-I; SELECTOR; RECOGNITION; SEPARATION AB The distributions of the adsorption energies (AED) of two enantiomers on a chiral stationary phase were measured, and the results are discussed. The enantiomers studied are two beta-blockers, alprenolol and propranolol. The chiral phase is made of the protein Cel7A immobilized on porous silica. The determination of these AEDs was carried out using the expectation-maximization method, a numerical method that uses directly the raw experimental isotherm data and inverts this set of data into an AED, using in the process the Langmuir equation as the local isotherm. The distributions obtained were found to be bimodal and consistent with observations previously made on the isotherms and reported. The AEDs of two enantiomers have the same low-energy mode (same mean energy, mode profile, and mode area). Their high-energy modes are different. Depending on the eluent pH, the mode for the (S)-enantiomer has a larger mean energy or a larger area than the one for the (R)-enantiomer. The experimental data fit very well to the bi-Langmuir isotherm model. At low mobile phase pH, the difference between the retention of the two enantiomers is due to the difference of their saturation capacities at the enantioselective (or high-energy) sites. By contrast, at high pH, their separation is governed by the difference in their adsorption energies. This work illustrates how the consideration of the AEDs of two enantiomers may be informative on the validity of the method of determination of these distributions and on the properties of the surface. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Chem, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. BMC, Ctr Surface Biotechnol, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 19 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 17 BP 6950 EP 6956 DI 10.1021/la030026e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 711YL UT WOS:000184768600060 ER PT J AU Huang, WJ Fernando, S Lin, Y Zhou, B Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Huang, WJ Fernando, S Lin, Y Zhou, B Allard, LF Sun, YP TI Preferential solubilization of smaller single-walled carbon nanotubes in sequential functionalization reactions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION; SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; ORGANIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DISSOLUTION; CHEMISTRY AB A purified single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) sample was fractionated in sequential functionalization reactions with a diamine-terminated oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) to produce five soluble fractions and a final solid residue. These fractions and the residue were characterized by using optical spectroscopy, electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and other techniques. The results show that the soluble fractions all contain primarily functionalized SWNTs and that there are no obviously systematic changes from one fraction to the next. However, one exception made evident by the Raman spectroscopy results is that the functionalization reactions preferentially solubilize the SWNTs of smaller diameters, resulting in an enrichment of larger diameter nanotubes in the final solid residue. In addition, the nanotube contents in different soluble fractions obtained from the sequential functionalization reactions are apparently different, with higher nanotube contents in the later fractions. The difference between the fractionation of SWNTs and the fractionation of multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) reported previously is discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 37 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 19 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 17 BP 7084 EP 7088 DI 10.1021/la0301893 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 711YL UT WOS:000184768600078 ER PT J AU Howald, C Eisaki, H Kaneko, N Kapitulnik, A AF Howald, C Eisaki, H Kaneko, N Kapitulnik, A TI Coexistence of periodic modulation of quasiparticle states and superconductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; VORTEX CORES; CHARGE INSTABILITIES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ORDER; PSEUDOGAP; PHASES; MODEL AB in this article we show, using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, the existence of static striped density of electronic states in nearly optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in zero field. This modulation is aligned with the Cu-O bonds, with a periodicity of four lattice constants, and exhibits features characteristic of a two-dimensional system of line objects. We further show that the density of states modulation manifests itself as a shift of states from above to below the superconducting gap. The fact that a single energy scale (i.e., the gap) appears for both superconductivity and stripes suggests that these two effects have the same origin. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kapitulnik, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ak@loki.stanford.edu NR 28 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 19 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 17 BP 9705 EP 9709 DI 10.1073/pnas.1233768100 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 714QY UT WOS:000184926000016 PM 12913127 ER PT J AU Manaa, MR AF Manaa, MR TI Shear-induced metallization of triamino-trinitrobenzene crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE AB I report first principle density-functional calculations that demonstrate an insulator-metal transition based on the bending of covalent bonds in 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, an organic molecular crystal. The critical shear angle responsible for the vanishing of the energy band gap is achieved at near constant volume via a 55degrees bending of the nitro group out of the molecular plane, accompanied by 0.1 A stretch in the N-O bonds. The energy needed for inducing this motion is of the same order of magnitude as the energy band gap. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Manaa, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1352 EP 1354 DI 10.1063/1.1603351 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 711NU UT WOS:000184748600024 ER PT J AU Kvit, A Yankov, RA Duscher, G Rozgonyi, G Glasko, JM AF Kvit, A Yankov, RA Duscher, G Rozgonyi, G Glasko, JM TI Formation of nanoscale voids and related metallic impurity gettering in high-energy ion-implanted and annealed epitaxial silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI; DEFECTS; MECHANISM; DAMAGE; R-P/2 AB We have examined nanovoid formation, Fe gettering, and Fe clustering phenomena occurring in epitaxial silicon layers implanted with MeV Si ions. Insights into these phenomena as a function of depth have been gained from detailed analyses by Z-contrast imaging in conjunction with electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Our work has shown at the nanoscale structural and chemical levels that the defects produced by MeV self-ion implantation between the surface and the ion projected range R-p (i.e., in the so-called R-p/2 region) are voids, which provide extremely efficient and aggressive metallic impurity gettering. It has been proposed that the gettering does not occur via chemisorption or silicidation layering on the internal surface of the void walls, as in the well-known case of helium-induced cavities, but rather proceeds in a mode of metal-metal atom binding in the vicinity of the R-p/2 voids. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kvit, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1367 EP 1369 DI 10.1063/1.1601678 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 711NU UT WOS:000184748600029 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Wang, H MacManus-Driscoll, JL Coulter, Y Li, Y Maley, MP Hawley, M Venkataraman, K Maroni, VA AF Jia, QX Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Wang, H MacManus-Driscoll, JL Coulter, Y Li, Y Maley, MP Hawley, M Venkataraman, K Maroni, VA TI The role of a superconducting seed layer in the structural and transport properties of EuBa2Cu3O7-x films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; CURRENTS; TEMPLATE AB We report on the structural and transport properties of EuBa2Cu3O7-x (Eu123) films on SrTiO3 substrates. A substrate temperature 100degreesC higher than that used to deposit YBa2Cu3O7-x (Y123) is needed to grow high-performance Eu123 films directly on SrTiO3 substrates. However, this high-temperature restriction can be circumvented by inserting a seed layer (similar to12 nm) of Y123, Gd123, or Dy123 between the substrate and the Eu123. A structural analysis reveals that a transition region that promotes the growth of the a-axis is first formed on the surface of the substrate if the Eu123 is deposited directly on SrTiO3 at a temperature of less than 800degreesC. On the other hand, the use of a seed layer of another superconducting material restructures the Eu123 to the right phase without forming this transition region. Eu123 films with critical temperatures of 94 K and critical current densities of 5.8x10(6) A/cm(2) at 75.5 K have been deposited under standard deposition conditions using such an approach. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1388 EP 1390 DI 10.1063/1.1601680 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 711NU UT WOS:000184748600036 ER PT J AU Saha, S Kaufman, DY Streiffer, SK Auciello, O AF Saha, S Kaufman, DY Streiffer, SK Auciello, O TI Anomalous leakage current characteristics of Pt/(Ba-0.75,Sr-0.25)Ti1+yO3+z/Pt thin films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; TEMPERATURE; BA0.7SR0.3TIO3; THICKNESS AB The leakage and dielectric properties of a thickness series (90-480 nm) of {100} fiber-textured metalorganic chemical vapor deposited (Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti1+yO3+z (BST) thin films on Pt/SiO2/Si were investigated. The permittivity demonstrated a suppressed temperature and electric field response that transitioned to a more bulk-like response with increasing thickness, consistent with earlier observations. At low fields the leakage currents showed a weak-field dependence and a monotonic increase with increasing temperature. In contrast, a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) was observed in the leakage current behavior at high-field. The PTCR behavior was more pronounced for thicker BST films. The observed effect is contrasted with PTCR behavior in bulk BaTiO3 ceramics. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1414 EP 1416 DI 10.1063/1.1604484 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 711NU UT WOS:000184748600045 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M Schofield, MA Zhu, Y Malac, M Liu, Z Freeman, M AF Beleggia, M Schofield, MA Zhu, Y Malac, M Liu, Z Freeman, M TI Quantitative study of magnetic field distribution by electron holography and micromagnetic simulations SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPIES AB The magnetic configuration of a submicrometer Ni88Fe12 permalloy island has been quantitatively mapped by off-axis electron holography. The two main contributions to the electron-optical phase shift, namely the phase shifts induced by the electrostatic and magnetic potentials, including fringing fields, were separated by inverting the specimen of 180degrees with respect to the electron beam and directly measuring the mean inner potential. A quantitative map of the projected magnetic induction in the sample was thereby retrieved and compared to results of micromagnetic and electromagnetic calculations, providing the minimum-energy configuration and the phase shift, respectively. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Beleggia, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Freeman, Mark/E-4609-2013; OI Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1435 EP 1437 DI 10.1063/1.1603355 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 711NU UT WOS:000184748600052 ER PT J AU Pinnaduwage, LA Boiadjiev, V Hawk, JE Thundat, T AF Pinnaduwage, LA Boiadjiev, V Hawk, JE Thundat, T TI Sensitive detection of plastic explosives with self-assembled monolayer-coated microcantilevers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report the detection of 10-30 parts-per-trillion levels of pentaerythritol tetranitrate and hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine within 20 s of exposure to a silicon microcantilever with its gold surface modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. These measurements correspond to a limit of detection of a few fg. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1471 EP 1473 DI 10.1063/1.1602156 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 711NU UT WOS:000184748600064 ER PT J AU Chiang, MH Soderholm, L Antonio, MR AF Chiang, MH Soderholm, L Antonio, MR TI Redox chemistry of actinide ions in Wells-Dawson heteropolyoxoanion complexes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE actinides; cyclic voltammetry; polyoxometalates; redox chemistry; Nernst analysis; intermediate valence; spectroelectrochemistry; XANES ID POTASSIUM PHOSPHOTUNGSTATE SOLUTIONS; HETEROPOLYANIONS; POTENTIALS; OXIDATION; AMERICIUM; ELECTRON; WATER; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PARAMETERS; BEHAVIOR AB The redox behavior has been characterized for several actinide (An) complexes with the monovacant Wells-Dawson anion, of the form [An(n+)(alpha-2-P2W17O61)(2)](n-20) (An = Th4+, U4+, Np4+, Pu4+, and Am3+). Two complexes, with An = U4+ and Am3+, show redox activity under oxidizing conditions, which is attributed to the actinide oxidation. Am3+ is oxidized to Am4+ with an E-1/2 = +1.21+/-0.01 V, and U4+ oxidizes to U5+ with a measured E-1/2 = +0.55+/-0.01 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Although the cyclic voltammetry (CV) data are consistent with a reversible redox couple, bulk oxidative electrolysis of [U4+(alpha-2-P2W17O61)(2)](16-) results in the decomposition of this complex to produce uranyl acetate and the free monovacant Wells-Dawson anion. In contrast, all of the CV data from the actinide coordination complexes differ from equivalent data obtained from the [alpha-2-P2W17O61](10-) ligand itself. There are two complexed An(4+) ions, Np and Pu, that undergo reduction over the same potential range as the ligands themselves. In situ X-ray spectroelectrochemistry is used to quantify the actinide response. The Np4+/Np3+ redox behavior is a classically single ion process, with a formal potential of -0.84+/-0.01 V that was determined from a Nernst plot of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data. The Pu4+/Pu3+ formal reduction potential in the complex [Pu(alpha-2-P2W17O61)(2)](n-) was determined to be -0.17+/-0.01 V using the same methodology. However, in this latter case, the slope of the Nernst plot indicates that 0.72+/-0.03 electrons are involved in the reduction. This is a significant deviation from the 1 electron expected for the Pu couple, and is discussed in terms of the concomitant reduction of the P-W-O framework of the Wells-Dawson anion. (C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/E-2044-2015 OI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/0000-0002-7632-9369 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 18 PY 2003 IS 16 BP 2929 EP 2936 DI 10.1002/ejic.200300225 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 717EP UT WOS:000185073000006 ER PT J AU Roiban, R Tatar, R Walcher, J AF Roiban, R Tatar, R Walcher, J TI Massless flavor in geometry and matrix models SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-THEORY; LARGE N; EXACT SUPERPOTENTIALS; TOPOLOGICAL STRINGS; BRANE DYNAMICS; SUPERSTRINGS; DUALITIES; 4D; TRANSITION; VACUA AB The proper inclusion of flavor in the Dijkgraaf-Vafa proposal for the solution of N = I gauge theories through matrix models has been subject of debate in the recent literature. We here reexamine this issue by geometrically engineering fundamental matter with type IIB branes wrapped on noncompact cycles in the resolved geometry, and following them through the geometric transition. Our approach treats massive and massless flavor fields on equal footing, including the mesons. We also study the geometric transitions and superpotentials for finite mass of the adjoint field. All superpotentials we compute reproduce the field theory results. Crucial insights come from T-dual brane constructions in type IIA. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Roiban, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM radu@vulcan2.physics.ucsb.edu; rtatar@socrates.berkeley.edu; walcher@kitp.ucsb.edu NR 79 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD AUG 18 PY 2003 VL 665 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00451-6 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 719NU UT WOS:000185210400008 ER PT J AU Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H AF Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H TI Dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-twin reactions in nanocrystalline Al by molecular dynamics simulation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; nanocrystal; Fcc metals; deformation twinning; dislocations ID BOUNDARY DIFFUSION CREEP; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CROSS-SLIP; FCC METALS; DEFORMATION; COPPER; ALUMINUM; MICROSTRUCTURE AB We use massively parallel molecular dynamics simulations of polycrystal plasticity to elucidate the intricate dislocation dynamics that evolves during the process of deformation of columnar nanocrystalline Al microstructures of grain size between 30 and 100 nm. We analyze in detail the mechanisms of dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-twin boundary reactions that take place under sufficiently high stress. These reactions are shown to lead to the formation of complex twin networks, i.e. structures of coherent twin boundaries connected by stair-rod dislocations. Consistent with recent experimental observations, these twin networks may cause dislocation pile-ups and thus give rise to strain hardening. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wolf, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 57 TC 135 Z9 143 U1 9 U2 81 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 14 BP 4135 EP 4147 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00232-5 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 711VK UT WOS:000184761600013 ER PT J AU Hanan, JC Ustundag, E Beyerlein, IJ Swift, GA Almer, JD Lienert, U Haeffner, DR AF Hanan, JC Ustundag, E Beyerlein, IJ Swift, GA Almer, JD Lienert, U Haeffner, DR TI Microscale damage evolution and stress redistribution in Ti-SiC fiber composites SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; X-ray diffraction; micromechanical modeling; mechanical properties; damage evolution ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SHEAR-LAG; WEIBULL FIBERS; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; RESIDUAL STRAINS; ELASTIC MATRIX; FRACTURE; FAILURE AB Local damage evolution in a composite is the primary micromechanical process determining its fracture toughness, strength. and lifetime. In this study, high energy X-ray microdiffraction was used to measure the lattice strains of both phases in a Ti-SiC fiber composite laminate. The data provided in situ load transfer information under applied tensile stress at the scale of the microstructure. To better understand damage evolution, predictions of a modified shear lag model were compared to the strain data. This comparison (1) demonstrated the importance of accounting for the matrix axial and shear stiffness, (2) optimized the stiffness ratio for load transfer, and (3) improved the interpretation of the ideal planar geometry commonly used in micromechanical composite models. In addition, the results proved the matrix within and around the damage zone sustained substantial axial load and locally yielded. It was also shown that an area detector is essential in such a diffraction study as it provides multi-axial strain data and helps eliminate the z, graininess" problem. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 14 BP 4239 EP 4250 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00240-4 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 711VK UT WOS:000184761600021 ER PT J AU Liu, XD Zhou, DM Szabelski, P Guiochon, G AF Liu, XD Zhou, DM Szabelski, P Guiochon, G TI Influence of pressure on the retention and separation of insulin variants under linear conditions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SOLUTE RETENTION; PROTEIN COMPRESSIBILITY; HYDROPHOBIC HYDRATION; MODIFIED SILICA; MOBILE PHASES; VOLUME; ACETONITRILE AB The effect of pressure on the retention behavior of insulin variants in RPLC on a YMC-ODS C-18 column was investigated under linear conditions. The retention factors of these variants increase nearly 2-fold when the average column pressure is increased from 55 to 250 bar while their separation factors remain nearly unchanged. This effect is explained by a change of the partial molar volume of the insulin variants associated with their adsorption that decreases from -99 to -80 mL/mol for mobile-phase concentrations of acetonitrile increasing from 29 to 33% (v/v). This volume change is much larger than the one observed with low molecular weight compounds. For the same pressure variation, the average number Z of acetonitrile molecules displaced from the protein and the stationary phase upon adsorption increases from 22 to 23.3. The pressure-induced relative increase of the term b[S]/[D-0](Z) (which corresponds to the initial slope of the adsorption isotherm) is approximately twice as large for Lispro than for porcine insulin. Because the binding constant of insulin decreases with increasing pressure, this suggests that the number of binding sites on the stationary phase increases even faster. Finally, it was observed that the column efficiency at flow rates higher than 0.6 mL/min increases slightly with increasing pressure. It is suggested that these observations are also valid for other proteins analyzed in RPLC. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 73 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 16 BP 3999 EP 4009 DI 10.1021/ac0205964 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 712LA UT WOS:000184798100007 PM 14632111 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Zhang, R Strittmatter, EF Prior, DC Tang, K Smith, RD AF Belov, ME Zhang, R Strittmatter, EF Prior, DC Tang, K Smith, RD TI Automated gain control and internal calibration with external ion accumulation capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FTICR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STORAGE ASSISTED DISSOCIATION; SPACE-CHARGE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; AFFINITY TAGS; QUADRUPOLE; PROTEOMICS; ACCURACY; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE AB When combined with capillary LC separations, electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS) has demonstrated capabilities for advanced characterization of proteomes based upon analyses of proteolytic digests. Incorporation of external (to the ICR cell) multipole devices with FTICR for ion selection and ion accumulation has enhanced the dynamic range, sensitivity, and duty cycle of measurements. However, the highly variable ion production rate from an LC separation can result in "overfilling" of the external trap during the elution of major peaks and result in m/z discrimination and fragmentation of peptide ions. Excessive space charge trapped in the ICR cell also causes significant shifts in the detected ion cyclotron frequencies, reducing the achievable mass measurement accuracy (MMA) and making protein identification less effective. To eliminate m/z discrimination in the external ion trap, further increase duty cycle, and improve MMA, we have developed the capability for data-dependent adjustment of ion accumulation times in the course of an LC separation, referred to as automated gain control (AGC). This development has been implemented in combination with low kinetic energy gated ion trapping and internal calibration using a dual-channel electrodynamic ion funnel. The overall system was initially evaluated in the analysis of a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin. In conjunction with internal calibration, the capillary LC-ESI-AGC-FTICR instrumentation provided a similar to10-fold increase in the number of identified tryptic peptides compared to that obtained using a fixed ion accumulation time and external calibration methods. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 50 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 16 BP 4195 EP 4205 DI 10.1021/ac0206770 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 712LA UT WOS:000184798100032 PM 14632135 ER PT J AU Xu, J Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Xu, J Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Pulsed-ionization miniature ion mobility spectrometer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORONA DISCHARGE; PLASMA CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN; AIR; GAS AB We have demonstrated a miniature ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) that employs single pulses of corona discharge ionization. IMS spectra of both positive and negative ions generated from ambient air were measured as a function of drift field under various ionization conditions. Ion mobility spectra were studied with various pulse widths for both positive and negative ions, giving insights into mechanisms and kinetics of corona discharge ionization used in the miniature IMS. A combination of a pulsed potential with a steady do bias was used to generate ions in the miniature IMS. There was a threshold do potential for ion generation for a given pulse height. The do ionization threshold was found to decrease linearly with increasing pulse height. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 16 BP 4206 EP 4210 DI 10.1021/ac020770o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 712LA UT WOS:000184798100033 PM 14632136 ER PT J AU Higgins, JA Nasarabadi, S Karns, JS Shelton, DR Cooper, M Gbakima, A Koopman, RP AF Higgins, JA Nasarabadi, S Karns, JS Shelton, DR Cooper, M Gbakima, A Koopman, RP TI A handheld real time thermal cycler for bacterial pathogen detection SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE TaqMan; PCR; detection; Escherchia coli O157 : H7; Bacillus anthracis; Erwinia herbicola ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PCR ANALYSIS; DNA AB The handheld advanced nucleic acid analyzer (HANAA) is a portable real time thermal cycler unit that weighs under I kg and uses silicon and platinum-based thermalcycler units to conduct rapid heating and cooling of plastic reaction tubes. Two light emitting diodes (LED) provide greater than 1 mW of electrical power at wavelengths of 490 nm (blue) and 525 nm (green), allowing detection of the dyes FAM and JOE/TAMRA. Results are displayed in real time as bar graphs, and up to three, 4-sample assays can be run on the charge of the 12 V portable battery pack. The HANAA was evaluated for detection of defined Escherichia coli strains, and wild-type colonies isolated from stream water, using PCR for the lac Z and Tir genes. PCR reactions using SYBR Green dye allowed detection of E. coli ATCC 11775 and E coli O157:H7 cells in under 30 min of assay time; however, background fluorescence associated with dye binding to nonspecific PCR products was present. DNA extracted from three isolates of Bacillus anthracis Ames, linked to a bioterrorism incident in Washington DC in October 2001, were also successfully tested on the HANAA using primers for the vrrA and capA genes. Positive results were observed at 32 and 22 min of assay time, respectively. A TaqMan probe specific to the aroQ gene of Erwinia herbicola was tested on the HANAA and when 500 cells were used as template, positive results were observed after only 7 min of assay time. Background fluorescence associated with the use of the probe was negligible. The HANAA is unique in offering real time PCR in a handheld format suitable for field use; a commercial version of the instrument, offering six reaction chambers, is available as of Fall 2002. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Room 202,Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1115 EP 1123 AR PII S0956-5663(02)00252-X DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(02)00252-X PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697KV UT WOS:000183942800005 PM 12788554 ER PT J AU Sakellariou, D Meriles, CA Martin, RW Pines, A AF Sakellariou, D Meriles, CA Martin, RW Pines, A TI High-resolution NMR of anisotropic samples with spinning away from the magic angle SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHEMICAL-SHIFT ANISOTROPIES; ROTATING SOLIDS; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; POWDERED SOLIDS; HIGH-SPEED; SPECTRA; FIELD; CRYSTALS; AXIS AB High-resolution NMR of anisotropic samples is typically performed by spinning the sample around an axis at the magic angle of 54.7degrees with the static magnetic field. Geometric and engineering constraints often prevent spinning at this specific angle. Implementations of magic angle field rotation are extremely demanding due to power requirements or an inaccessible geometry. We present a methodology for taking the magic out of MAS while still obtaining both isotropic and anisotropic spectral information during sample spinning or field rotation at arbitrary angles. Using projected-MAS, we obtained resolved scaled isotropic chemical shifts in inhomogeneously broadened spinning samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/F-2846-2010 OI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/0000-0001-7424-5543 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 377 IS 3-4 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)01149-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 714CR UT WOS:000184895200012 ER PT J AU Tang, MS Lu, WC Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Tang, MS Lu, WC Wang, CZ Ho, KM TI Search for most stable structure of Si8H8 cluster SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON CLUSTERS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; OPTIMIZATION; (SIH)(8); SYSTEM; STRAIN; STATES AB We have performed a global structure optimization for Si8H8 cluster using a genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with an efficient and accurate tight-binding (TB) potential to describe the energies of the clusters. Structure models selected from the GA/TB optimization are further verified by ab initio calculations. Our study shows that a new structure with C-2 symmetry is energetically more stable than the octasilacubane structure previously proposed for Si8H8. This is in contrast to Ge8H8 where the octasilacubane structure is energetically more stable than the new G structure. Vibration and electronic properties of the new Si8H8 structure have also been studied. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Zhengzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wangcz@ameslab.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 377 IS 3-4 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)01102-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 714CR UT WOS:000184895200024 ER PT J AU Beausejour, CM Krtolica, A Galimi, F Narita, M Lowe, SW Yaswen, P Campisi, J AF Beausejour, CM Krtolica, A Galimi, F Narita, M Lowe, SW Yaswen, P Campisi, J TI Reversal of human cellular senescence: roles of the p53 and p16 pathways SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cyclin-dependent kinase; pRB; RAS; senescence; telomerase ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN-DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS; REPLICATIVE LIFE-SPAN; LARGE TUMOR-ANTIGEN; SIMIAN VIRUS-40; DNA-SYNTHESIS; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; T-ANTIGENS; IN-VITRO AB Telomere erosion and subsequent dysfunction limits the proliferation of normal human cells by a process termed replicative senescence. Replicative senescence is thought to suppress tumorigenesis by establishing an essentially irreversible growth arrest that requires activities of the p53 and pRB tumor suppressor proteins. We show that, depending on expression of the pRB regulator p16, replicative senescence is not necessarily irreversible. We used lentiviruses to express specific viral and cellular proteins in senescent human fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells. Expression of telomerase did not reverse the senescence arrest. However, cells with low levels of p16 at senescence resumed robust growth upon p53 inactivation, and limited growth upon expression of oncogenic RAS. In contrast, cells with high levels of p16 at senescence failed to proliferate upon p53 inactivation or RAS expression, although they re-entered the cell cycle without growth after pRB inactivation. Our results indicate that the senescence response to telomere dysfunction is reversible and is maintained primarily by p53. However, p16 provides a dominant second barrier to the unlimited growth of human cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. Univ Sassari, Dept Biomed Sci, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Galimi, Francesco/J-4238-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA008748]; NIA NIH HHS [AG09909, AG16379, R01 AG016379, R37 AG009909, R56 AG016379] NR 58 TC 558 Z9 583 U1 6 U2 52 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 16 BP 4212 EP 4222 DI 10.1093/emboj/cdg417 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 712EK UT WOS:000184784100018 PM 12912919 ER PT J AU Bencheikh-Latmani, R Leckie, JO Bargar, JR AF Bencheikh-Latmani, R Leckie, JO Bargar, JR TI Fate of uranyl in a quaternary system composed of uranyl, citrate, goethite, and Pseudomonas fluorescens SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION AB This study investigated the partitioning of uranyl within a quaternary system made up of uranyl, citrate, goethite, and the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. In the absence of cells, uranyl was sorbed to goethite as a complex involving surface groups and/or citrate. Measurements of the evolution Of CO2 indicated that the addition of bacterial cells lead to the gradual biodegradation of citrate. Throughout the biodegradation process, uranyl remained sorbed to the insoluble fraction comprised of goethite and cells. EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) measurements showed that bacterial cells outcompeted goethite for uranyl under the experimental conditions and caused the repartitioning of uranyl from goethite to cell matter, independently from citrate degradation. Citrate degradation caused further release of uranyl from goethite surfaces, followed by subsequent association of uranyl with cells. At long equilibration times (3 months), cell lysis and phosphate release resulted in the precipitation of an autunite-like phase. This work suggests that bacterial degradation of uranyl-complexing ligands in contaminated subsurface media containing iron oxides should not necessarily lead to an increase in the mobility of uranyl. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bencheikh-Latmani, R (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011 OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3555 EP 3559 DI 10.1021/es0210401 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 712NL UT WOS:000184803700012 PM 12953865 ER PT J AU Qafoku, NP Ainsworth, CC Szecsody, JE Qafoku, OS Heald, SM AF Qafoku, NP Ainsworth, CC Szecsody, JE Qafoku, OS Heald, SM TI Effect of coupled dissolution and redox reactions on Cr(VI)(aq) attenuation during transport in the sediments under hyperalkaline conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; REDUCTION; CHROMATE; SURFACES; AQUIFER; SAND; IRON; 25-DEGREES-C; ADSORPTION; KINETICS AB Aluminum-rich, hyperalkaline (pH > 13.5) and saline high-level nuclear waste (HLW) fluids at elevated temperatures (>50 degreesC), that possibly contained as much as 0.41 mol L-1 Cr(VI), accidentally leaked to the sediments at the Hanford Site, WA. These extreme conditions promote base-induced dissolution of soil minerals which may affect Cr(VI)(aq) mobility. Our objective was to investigate Cr(VI)(aq) transport in sediments leached with HLW simulants at 50 degreesC, under CO2 and O-2 free conditions. Results demonstrated that Cr(VI)(aq) fate was closely related to dissolution, and Cr(VI)(aq) mass loss was negligible in the first pore volumes but increased significantly thereafter. Similar to dissolution, Cr(VI)(aq) attenuation increased with increasing fluid residence time and NaOH concentration but decreased with Al concentrations in the leaching solutions. Aqueous Cr(VI) removal rate half-lives varied from 1.2 to 230 h with the fastest at the highest base concentration, lowest Al concentration, greatest reaction time, and lowest Cr(VI) concentration in the leaching solution. The rate of Cr(VI) removal (normalized to 1 kg of solution) varied from 0.83 x 10(-9) (+/-0.44 x 10(-9)) to 9.16 x 10(-9) (+/-1.10 x 10(-9)) mol s(-1). The predominant mechanism responsible for removing Cr(VI) from the aqueous phase appears to be homogeneous Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) by Fe(II) released during mineral dissolution. Cr(VI)(aq) removal was time-limited probably because it was controlled by the rate of Fe(II) release into the soil solution upon mineral dissolution, which was also a time-limited process, and other processes that may act to lower Fe(II)(aq) activity. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Qafoku, NP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 MSIN, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3640 EP 3646 DI 10.1021/es020935a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 712NL UT WOS:000184803700024 PM 12953877 ER PT J AU Lee, S Liang, LY Riestenberg, D West, OR Tsouris, C Adams, E AF Lee, S Liang, LY Riestenberg, D West, OR Tsouris, C Adams, E TI CO2 hydrate composite for ocean carbon sequestration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE WATER; DEEP-OCEAN; LIQUID CO2; HIGH-PRESSURE; MASS-TRANSFER; DISSOLUTION; KINETICS; SURFACE; DIOXIDE; DROPLET AB Rapid CO2 hydrate formation was investigated with the objective of producing a negatively buoyant CO2-seawater mixture under high-pressure and low-temperature conditions, simulating direct CO2 injection at intermediate ocean depths of 1.0-1.3 km. A coflow reactor was developed to maximize CO2 hydrate production by injecting water droplets (e.g., similar to267 mum average diameter) from a capillary tube into liquid CO2. The droplets were injected in the mixing zone of the reactor where CO2 hydrate formed at the surface of the water droplets. The water-encased hydrate particles aggregated in the liquid CO2, producing a paste-like composite containing CO2 hydrate, liquid CO2, and water phases. This composite was extruded into ambient water from the coflow reactor as a coherent cylindrical mass, approximately 6 mm in diameter, which broke into pieces 5-10 cm long. Both modeling and experiments demonstrated that conversion from liquid CO2 to CO2 hydrate increased with water flow rate, ambient pressure, and residence time and decreased with CO2 flow rate. Increased mixing intensity, as expressed by the Reynolds number, enhanced the mass transfer and increased the conversion of liquid CO2 into CO2 hydrate. Using a plume model, we show that hydrate composite particles (for a CO2 loading of 1000 kg/s and 0.25 hydrate conversion) will dissolve and sink through a total depth of 350 m. This suggests significantly better CO2 dispersal and potentially reduced environmental impacts than would be possible by simply discharging positively buoyant liquid CO2 droplets. Further studies are needed to address hydrate conversion efficiency, scale-up criteria, sequestration longevity, and impact on the ocean biota before in-situ production of sinking CO2 hydrate composite can be applied to oceanic CO2 storage and sequestration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Cardiff Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 43 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3701 EP 3708 DI 10.1021/es026301l PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 712NL UT WOS:000184803700031 PM 12953884 ER PT J AU Santos, M Marcalo, J Leal, JP de Matos, AP Gibson, JK Haire, RG AF Santos, M Marcalo, J Leal, JP de Matos, AP Gibson, JK Haire, RG TI FTICR-MS study of the gas-phase thermochemistry of americium oxides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Helmut Schwaz CY AUG, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE actinide ions; americium oxides; plutonium oxide; ionization energies; thermochemistry ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; ACTINIDE IONS; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBON ACTIVATION; MOLECULE REACTIONS; OXO-LIGAND; METAL-ION; CATIONS; ALKENES AB Gas-phase ion chemistry experiments with americium using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) were performed for the first time. Reactions of Am(+) and AmO(+) with the oxidants N(2)O, C(2)H(4)O (ethylene oxide), H(2)O, O(2), CO(2), and NO have been studied. Am(+) formed AmO(+) with all the reagents except NO, while AmO(+) only reacted with C(2)H(4)O to form AmO(2)(+) and other products. These results allowed us to estimate the previously unknown Am(+)-O and OAm(+)-O bond dissociation energies. The ionization energies (IE) of AmO and AmO(2) could also be determined by two different types of experiments: charge-transfer "bracketing" with AmO(2)(+), yielding IE(AmO(2)) = 7.23 +/- 0.15 eV, and AmO(+) reactivity with dienes, following a model developed by Helmut Schwarz and coworkers, leading to IE(AmO) = 5.9 +/- 0.2 eV. With this last method, we were also able to resolve the disagreement; between the two literature values for the ionization energy of PuO. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Dept Quim, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP de Matos, AP (reprint author), Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Dept Quim, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. EM pmatos@itn.pt; gibsonjk@ornl.gov RI Leal, Joao/C-2386-2008; Marcalo, Joaquim/J-5476-2013; Santos, Marta/A-2411-2012; OI Leal, Joao/0000-0003-1235-0107; Marcalo, Joaquim/0000-0001-7580-057X; Santos, Marta/0000-0002-8755-9442; Pires de Matos, Antonio/0000-0001-6451-8050; Pires de Matos, Antonio/0000-0003-2674-6938 NR 50 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 228 IS 2-3 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(03)00138-6 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 711EZ UT WOS:000184727800027 ER PT J AU Shukla, AK Futrell, JH AF Shukla, AK Futrell, JH TI Surface-induced dissociation of acetone cations from self-assembled monolayer surface of fluorinated alkyl thiol on Au(111) substrate at low collision energies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Helmut Schwaz CY AUG, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE ion-surface collisions; surface-induced dissociation; inelastic scattering; energy transfer; acetone cations ID SLOW POLYATOMIC IONS; ETHANOL MOLECULAR-IONS; DYNAMICS; SCATTERING; FRAGMENTATION; CR(CO)(6)(+); SIMULATIONS; EXCITATION; PEPTIDES; BEAM AB We have studied the dissociation of acetone molecular cations to acetyl cations following collision with a monolayer surface of fluorinated alkyl thiol (FC12) self-assembled on Au (1 11) substrate at 13, 25.2 and 49.6 eV kinetic energies. Three energetically distinct dissociation processes contribute to total dissociation in this energy range. At all energies there is a common dissociation pathway involving loss of nearly all of the parent ion's kinetic energy in the collision process. Fragment ions resulting from this dissociation mechanism are scattered over a wide range of angles. The second pathway, observed at 25.2 and 49.6 eV kinetic energy is delayed dissociation of collisionally excited acetone cations after only a small fraction of the ion's kinetic energy is lost in the collision process. Fragment ions resulting from this unique dynamics feature are scattered close to the surface parallel. These dissociations take place after the excited ions have passed through the collision region and the energy analyzer and prior to their entering the mass analyzer. At 49.6 eV kinetic energy, a small intensity fragment ion peak appears at intermediate kinetic energy spectra between the low energy loss and the highly inelastic scattering peaks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shukla, AK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 228 IS 2-3 BP 563 EP 576 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(03)00163-5 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 711EZ UT WOS:000184727800036 ER PT J AU Yang, X Wang, XB Wang, LS AF Yang, X Wang, XB Wang, LS TI Collision-induced symmetric fission of doubly-charged cubelike [Fe4S4X4](2-) clusters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Helmut Schwaz CY AUG, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE ion fission; iron-sulfur clusters; collision-induced dissociations; multiply-charged anions; electrospray ID IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FNR PROTEIN; RESONANCE; DISSOCIATION AB A series of doubly-charged [4Fe4S] cluster ions, [Fe4S4X4](2-) (X = Cl, Br, I, and SCZHS), were produced in the gas phase by electrospray ionization and examined using collision-induced dissociation (CID) in a quadrupole ion trap. CID channels of each dianion were analyzed by MS/MS experiments at different collision energies. Two CID channels were observed for these dianions: symmetric fission and electron detachment. The most interesting observation is the symmetric fission of [Fe4S4X4](2-) into two identical daughter ions, [Fe2S2X2](-). The important role of the intramolecular coulomb repulsion in the symmetric fission was shown by comparing with CID of the singly-charged anions, [Fe4S4X4](-). Our gas-phase experiments suggest that solution phase conversions between [Fe4S4] and [Fe2S2] assemblies in proteins may also involve related fission chemistry with reactive [Fe2S2X2](-) intermediates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 228 IS 2-3 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(03)00189-1 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 711EZ UT WOS:000184727800053 ER PT J AU Wright, AF Seager, CH Myers, SM Koleske, DD Allerman, AA AF Wright, AF Seager, CH Myers, SM Koleske, DD Allerman, AA TI Hydrogen configurations, formation energies, and migration barriers in GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE BASIS-SET; MG-DOPED GAN; P-TYPE GAN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DIFFUSION; COMPENSATION; DEFECTS; POINTS; METALS AB Hydrogen configurations, formation energies, and migration barriers in GaN have been obtained from density-functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) for exchange and correlation. The H configurations and formation energies are similar to previous DFT results obtained using the local-density approximation (LDA) for exchange and correlation with the most notable differences being higher formation energies for H-0 (0.2 eV) and H-2 (0.1 eV) in the GGA calculations and a preference for H+ at a bond-centered site. GGA H migration barriers differ from LDA values with the largest differences being 0.4 eV higher GGA H+ migration barriers. Refined measurements of field-induced H+ drift in GaN p/n(+) diodes have also been performed. Modeling of these results indicates that the sum of the H+ diffusion activation energy and the H+ binding energy to ionized Mg acceptors is 1.76 eV. The corresponding GGA result (1.6 eV) is in good agreement with the measured value. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM afwrigh@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 4 BP 2311 EP 2318 DI 10.1063/1.1592607 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706TA UT WOS:000184469800025 ER PT J AU Hayes, DB Hall, CA Asay, JR Knudson, MD AF Hayes, DB Hall, CA Asay, JR Knudson, MD TI Continuous index of refraction measurements to 20 GPa in Z-cut sapphire SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; SHOCK-WAVE; INTERFEROMETER AB Isentropic compression experiments (ICE) on Sandia National Laboratories' Z Accelerator are used to make continuous measurements of the index of refraction in single crystal Z-cut sapphire as the longitudinal stress is gradually increased to 20 GPa (uniaxial strain of about similar to3.9%). A planar, ramp compression wave, generated by a large magnetic field, propagates through a planar copper base plate. Part of the rear surface of the base plate is a free surface and part is covered with a sapphire window. Comparisons are made of velocity histories measured simultaneously at the free surface and at the copper/sapphire interface using a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). This is sufficient to determine the index of refraction of the sapphire continuously as a function of density. Perturbations to the compression waves caused by interactions with the free surface and with the sapphire are accounted for by backward or forward solutions to the equations of motion. The effect of the unsteady nature of the compression wave in sapphire on the interferometry measurements is also taken into account. Results validate the interpretation of VISAR measurements on continuous loading experiments performed with optical windows. The measured index of refraction of sapphire agrees with previous studies validating this experimental technique and showing that it is useful for studying other materials for which index of refraction data do not exist. In addition, measured compression isentropes for copper and sapphire compare favorably with existing theoretical models. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hayes, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 4 BP 2331 EP 2336 DI 10.1063/1.1595710 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706TA UT WOS:000184469800028 ER PT J AU Mahan, AH Dillon, AC Gedvilas, LM Williamson, DL Perkins, JD AF Mahan, AH Dillon, AC Gedvilas, LM Williamson, DL Perkins, JD TI Properties of thin film silicon nitride deposited by hot wire chemical vapor deposition using silane, ammonia, and hydrogen gas mixtures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID A-SI-H; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; VIBRATIONAL ABSORPTION; NITROGEN; DILUTION; ALLOYS AB The structure of thin film SiN, deposited by the hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique using SiH4 and NH3 gas mixtures, is examined as H-2 dilution is added to the gas flow mixture. For NH3/SiH4 gas flow ratios greater than 1/2, all films are a-SiN:H for H-2/SiH4 gas dilution ratios as high as 20/1. While H-2 dilution does not change the basic film structure, it does increase the efficiency of NH3 dissociation in the gas phase, and causes a further reduction in the already small amount of N-H bonding in a-SiN:H films deposited by HWCVD. Differences in local N bonding sites are observed when the nitrogen source gas is changed from NH3 to N-2. For NH3/SiH4 gas ratios less than 1/2 and with high H-2 dilution, deposition of muc-SiN by HWCVD is demonstrated. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the structure of these films consists of silicon crystallites embedded in an a-SiN:H matrix. An upper limit for N incorporation with the preservation of microcrystallinity is found, beyond which the films again become amorphous. The existence of this limit is explained in terms of structural disorder in the a-SiN:H tissue brought about by N incorporation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 4 BP 2360 EP 2367 DI 10.1063/1.1590053 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706TA UT WOS:000184469800033 ER PT J AU Chaiken, A Nauka, K Gibson, GA Lee, H Yang, CC Wu, J Ager, JW Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W AF Chaiken, A Nauka, K Gibson, GA Lee, H Yang, CC Wu, J Ager, JW Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W TI Structural and electronic properties of amorphous and polycrystalline In2Se3 films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SOLID-STATE REACTION; SE THIN-FILMS; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GROWTH; SELENIUM; DEPOSITION; ENERGY; PHASES AB Structural and electronic properties of amorphous and single-phase polycrystalline films of gamma- and kappa-In2Se3 have been measured. The effect of deposition conditions on the film phase was studied extensively. The stable gamma phase nucleates homogeneously in the film bulk and has a high resistivity, while the metastable kappa phase nucleates at the film surface and has a moderate resistivity. The microstructures of polycrystalline hot-deposited and postannealed, cold-deposited gamma films are quite different but their electronic properties are similar. The increase in the resistivity of amorphous In2Se3 films upon annealing is interpreted in terms of the replacement of In-In bonds with In-Se bonds during crystallization. Great care must be taken in the preparation of In2Se3 films for electrical measurements as the presence of excess chalcogen or surface oxidation may greatly affect the film properties. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hewlett Packard Corp, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chaiken, A (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Corp, 1501 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 4 BP 2390 EP 2397 DI 10.1063/1.1592631 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706TA UT WOS:000184469800037 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Snyder, JE Lo, CCH Campos-Anderson, KM Anderegg, JW Jiles, DC AF Lee, SJ Snyder, JE Lo, CCH Campos-Anderson, KM Anderegg, JW Jiles, DC TI Influence of nanostructure and nitrogen content on the optical and electrical properties of reactively sputtered FeSiAl(N) films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB In this study, the optical properties and dc resistivity of a series of FeSiAl(N) films reactively sputtered with different partial pressures of N were investigated. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to measure the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric functions. There is a distinct micro/nanostructural transition from single-phase columnar body-centered-cubic (bcc) grains for partial pressure (pp) of nitrogen in sputtering gas less than or equal to4% to a two-phase nanocomposite of equiaxed bcc nanograins in an amorphous matrix for films deposited with greater than or equal to5% pp N. To assess the effect of surface oxidation on the optical properties, optical measurements were repeated on the 2 and 5% pp N films (representative of the two different types of films with different structures) after they were sputter etched in situ while performing depth profiling of the chemical composition using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The low-nitrogen films (less than or equal to4% pp N) showed a dielectric function typical of a metal whose charge carrier contribution can be described by a classical free electron Drude model. The nanostructured films (greater than or equal to5% pp N) showed a positive real part of the dielectric function epsilon(1) and no evidence of free-carrier plasmon excitation. The optical conductivity decreased and the dc resistivity increased by about a factor of 2.5 as the film structure changed from a single phase columnar structure to the two-phase material that consisted of nanograins in an amorphous matrix. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 4 BP 2607 EP 2611 DI 10.1063/1.1593802 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706TA UT WOS:000184469800075 ER PT J AU Fujdala, KL Tilley, TD AF Fujdala, KL Tilley, TD TI Thermolytic molecular precursor routes to Cr/Si/Al/O and Cr/Si/Zr/O catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation and dehydrogenation of propane SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE molecular precursor; cothermolysis; propane oxidative dehydrogenation; propane dehydrogenation; chromium; oxide catalyst ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMIUM-OXIDE CATALYSTS; TRIS(TERT-BUTOXY)SILOXY COMPLEXES; ZIRCONIA CATALYSTS; SILICA MATERIALS; CHROMIA/ZIRCONIA CATALYSTS; ISOBUTANE DEHYDROGENATION; ALUMINA CATALYSTS; METAL-OXIDES; DESIGN AB Cothermolyses of ((BuO)-Bu-t)(3)CrOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3) (1) and either [AI((OBU)-B-t)(3)](2) (2) or Zr[OCMe2Et](4) (3) as solutions in n-octane resulted in formation of gels that yielded Cr/Si/Al/O or Cr/Si/Zr/O xerogels upon drying. These materials have high surface areas after calcination at 773 K (ranging from 150 to 450 m(2) g(-1)) and do not exhibit phase separation of Cr2O3 domains after calcination at 1473 K (by PXRD). The as-synthesized Cr/Si/M materials contain mostly octahedral Cr3+ species with small amounts of tetrahedral Cr6+ chromates (by DRUV-vis and XANES spectroscopies). Only Cr6+ monochromate centers, with smaller amounts of di- and polychromate species, were detected after calcination at 773 K under O-2. These catalysts are active for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane; however, they exhibit poor selectivities for propylene production. In contrast, these catalysts exhibit high selectivities for propylene (> 95%) in the nonoxidative dehydrogenation (DH) of propane with conversions for the best catalyst above 35% at 723 K. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 63 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 218 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00141-6 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 697DN UT WOS:000183927100012 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, I Varga, T Szekvolgyi, L Hegedus, T Goda, K Kaczur, V Bacso, Z Nakayama, Y Posafi, J Pongor, S Szabo, G AF Szilagyi, I Varga, T Szekvolgyi, L Hegedus, T Goda, K Kaczur, V Bacso, Z Nakayama, Y Posafi, J Pongor, S Szabo, G TI Non-random features of loop-size chromatin fragmentation SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; chromatin; fragmentation; fragility; terminal transferase; Klenow; 50 kb ID BREAKPOINT CLUSTER REGION; APOPTOTIC DNA FRAGMENTATION; HUMAN-CHROMOSOMES; INITIAL-STAGES; STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN GENOME; IN-VIVO; CLEAVAGE; GENE; ENDONUCLEASE AB Upon isolation of DNA from normal eukaryotic cells by standard methods involving extensive proteolytic treatment, a rather homogeneous population of loop-size, double-stranded DNA fragments is regularly obtained. These DNA molecules can be efficiently end-labeled by the DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment, as well as by a 3'- to -5'-exonuclease-free Klenow enzyme, but not by terminal transferase (TdT) unless the ends have been filled up by Klenow, suggesting that dominantly 5' protruding termini are generated upon fragmentation. The filled-up termini were used for cloning the distal parts of the similar to50 kb fragments. BLAST analysis of the sequence of several clones allowed us to determine the sequence of the non-cloned side of the breakpoints. Comparison of 25, 600 bp-long breakpoint sequences demonstrated prevalence of repetitive elements. Consensus motives characteristic of the breakpoint sequences have been identified. Several sequences exhibit peculiar computed conformational characteristics, with sharp transition or center of symmetry located exactly at the breakpoint. Our data collectively suggest that chromatin fragmentation involves necleolytic cleavages at fragile/hypersensitive sites delimiting loop-size fragments in a non-random manner. Interestingly, the sequence characteristics of the breakpoints are reminiscent of certain breakpoint cluster regions frequently subject to gene rearrangements. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Debrecen, Dept Biophys & Cell Biol, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. New England Biolabs Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Szabo, G (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Biophys & Cell Biol, 4012 Debrecen,POB 39,Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. EM szabog@jaguar.dote.hu RI Varga, Tamas/B-2413-2012; Bacso, Zsolt/A-3615-2009 OI Bacso, Zsolt/0000-0001-6885-3796 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-2312 EI 1097-4644 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1193 EP 1205 DI 10.1002/jcb.10591 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 709DL UT WOS:000184609400011 PM 12898517 ER PT J AU Wang, XB Yang, X Nicholas, JB Wang, LS AF Wang, XB Yang, X Nicholas, JB Wang, LS TI Photodetachment of hydrated oxalate dianions in the gas phase, C2O42-(H2O)(n) (n=3-40): From solvated clusters to nanodroplet SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ION SOLVATION; BASIS-SETS; LIQUID WATER; ELECTRON AB Oxalate (C2O42-) is a common dianion, but it is not electronically stable as an isolated species due to the strong intramolecular Coulomb repulsion and can only exist as solvated species. We observed hydrated oxalate clusters, C2O42-(H2O)(n) for n=3-40, using electrospray ionization of an oxalate salt solution and studied their energetics and stabilities using photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. We found that the smallest observable solvated cluster, C2O42-(H2O)(3), has an adiabatic electron binding energy of similar to0.0 eV, i.e., a minimum of three H2O is required to stabilize C2O42- in the gas phase. Theoretical calculations show that the first four waters bind tightly to C2O42-, each forming two H-bonds with C2O42- peripherally without interwater H-bonding. The charges of the dianion were stabilized sufficiently that additional waters beyond n=4 form only single H-bonds with C2O42- and interwater H-bonding was observed starting at n=5. The repulsive Coulomb barrier, characteristic of multiply-charged anions, was estimated from photon energy-dependent spectra for the smaller clusters and was found to decrease with increasing n. We observed that photoelectron intensities for features of the solute decreased as n increased, whereas detachment signals from the solvent became dominant for the large solvated clusters. This observation suggested that C2O42- is situated in the center of the solvated clusters so that electrons detached from the solute were suppressed by the surrounding solvent layer. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 59 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3631 EP 3640 DI 10.1063/1.1590641 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 706UU UT WOS:000184474100008 ER PT J AU Kalemos, A Dunning, TH Harrison, JF Mavridis, A AF Kalemos, A Dunning, TH Harrison, JF Mavridis, A TI Electronic structure of linear TiCH SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRON CARBIDE; BASIS-SETS; CATIONS; STATES; ATOMS; FEC AB The linear TiCH molecule is studied by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations using quantitative basis sets and highly correlated computational methods. Potential energy curves along the Ti-CH coordinate have been computed to obtain a better understanding of molecular formation in eight low-lying states of the molecule. Total energies, dissociation energies (with respect to Ti+CH), equilibrium distances, and dipole moments are reported. Simple valence bond Lewis diagrams are used to interpret the nature of the bonding in all of the states studied. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Chem, Phys Chem Lab, Athens 15710, Greece. RP Dunning, TH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Kalemos, Apostolos/0000-0002-1022-0029 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3745 EP 3750 DI 10.1063/1.1584425 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 706UU UT WOS:000184474100021 ER PT J AU Morris, JR Song, XY AF Morris, JR Song, XY TI The anisotropic free energy of the Lennard-Jones crystal-melt interface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DENDRITIC GROWTH; FLUID INTERFACE; MODEL SYSTEMS; SOLIDIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; COEXISTENCE; SELECTION; SURFACE; LIQUIDS AB We have calculated the free energy of the crystal-melt interface for the Lennard-Jones system as a function of crystal orientation, near zero pressure, by examining the roughness of the interface using molecular dynamic simulations. The anisotropy is weak, but can be accurately resolved using this approach due to the sensitivity of the fluctuations on the anisotropy. We find that the anisotropy can be described well using two parameters, based upon a low-order expansion satisfying cubic symmetry. The results are in good agreement with previous calculations of the free energies, based upon simulations used to calculate the reversible work required to create the interfaces. The weak anisotropy is also in reasonable agreement: The work here and the work of Davidchack and Laird [R. L. Davidchack and B. B. Laird, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 7651 (2003)] both predict gamma(100)>gamma(110)>gamma(111). The only discrepancy is that we find a smaller value for the difference gamma(100)-gamma(111) by an amount larger than the combined error bars. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Morris, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 24 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3920 EP 3925 DI 10.1063/1.1591725 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 706UU UT WOS:000184474100039 ER PT J AU Augustsson, A Henningsson, A Butorin, SM Siegbahn, H Nordgren, J Guo, JH AF Augustsson, A Henningsson, A Butorin, SM Siegbahn, H Nordgren, J Guo, JH TI Lithium ion insertion in nanoporous anatase TiO2 studied with RIXS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-FIELD; L-EDGE; VALENCE; INTERCALATION AB Lithium insertion into nanoporous anatase TiO2 electrodes has been studied using resonant inelastic soft-x-ray scattering spectroscopy (RIXS). We have measured Ti 2p absorption, L-2,L-3-emission and resonant inelastic scattering spectra of pristine anatase TiO2 and Li inserted TiO2. Inelastic scattering features in RIXS spectra of pristine TiO2 are assigned to charge-transfer excitations. Low energy-loss features for Li inserted TiO2 electrodes, appearing within t(2g) bands, due to d-d excitations, indicate the presence of Ti3+ states. The experimental observations suggest strong electron correlation in anatase TiO2 introduced by the Li-insertion. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Augustsson, A (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3983 EP 3987 DI 10.1063/1.1591735 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 706UU UT WOS:000184474100047 ER PT J AU Cai, J Prausnitz, JM AF Cai, J Prausnitz, JM TI An integral-equation theory for a self-interacting polymer adsorbed at an interface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATION-SPACE RENORMALIZATION; CONSISTENT FIELD-THEORIES; EXCLUDED VOLUME PROBLEM; WELL CHAIN MOLECULES; OIL-WATER INTERFACE; DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; OIL/WATER INTERFACE; ADSORPTION; SIMULATION; MODEL AB An integral-equation theory based on the Born-Green-Yvon (BGY) hierarchy for a self-interacting polymer is used to describe a polymer adsorbed at an oil-water interface. The polymer is represented by a square-well chain. The interaction between a polymer segment and an oil-water interface is represented by an asymmetric square-well potential where the well-depth on one side reflects water-polymer and the well depth on the other side reflects oil-polymer interactions. To truncate the BGY hierarchy, we introduce two approximations: First we use the Markov-chain approximation for intra-molecular correlation functions, and second, we use the effective intra-molecular energy in the bulk to approximate that at the interface. The results are compared with Monte Carlo-simulation data. For short chains, when the attractive interaction between the segments is weak, the theory is in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation. Stronger segment-segment attractive interactions increase adsorption. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4018 EP 4025 DI 10.1063/1.1591180 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 706UU UT WOS:000184474100051 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Muthukumar, M Wignall, GD Melnichenko, YB AF Prabhu, VM Muthukumar, M Wignall, GD Melnichenko, YB TI Polyelectrolyte chain dimensions and concentration fluctuations near phase boundaries SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLY-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; IONIC BINARY MIXTURE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MULTIVALENT SALTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; COEXISTENCE CURVE; ORDERED STRUCTURE AB We have measured the temperature (T) dependence of the correlation length (xi) for concentration fluctuations in aqueous solutions of sodium-poly(styrene sulfonate) with a fixed level of added barium chloride salt. Apparent critical behavior is observed upon lowering the temperature to precipitation phase boundaries that complements our earlier work on salt-dependent behavior. We interpret experimental deviations from xi(-2) versus T-1 as crossover from the mean field to the Ising universality class. We also measured the radius of gyration (R-g) of labeled chains and xi for semidilute polyelectrolyte solutions at low ionic strengths. We recovered the familiar result of xi scaling with polymer concentration (C-p) and degree of polymerization (N), such that xi=(73+/-9) (NCp-0.48+/-0.03)-C-0 [Angstrom], and using SANS high concentration labeling R-g=(400+/-28)C-p(-0.24+/-0.01) [Angstrom] (for N=577) and R-g=(2.8+/-2.1)N0.6+/-0.1 [Angstrom] (for C-p=206 gL(-1)), respectively. The indices recovered are in agreement with theoretical predictions for low ionic strength semidilute solutions. Such experiments offer insight into relatively unexplored phase behavior in charged macromolecular solutions. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Muthukumar, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 55 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4085 EP 4098 DI 10.1063/1.1592496 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 706UU UT WOS:000184474100058 ER PT J AU Kotchenova, SY Shabanov, NV Knyazikhin, Y Davis, AB Dubayah, R Myneni, RB AF Kotchenova, SY Shabanov, NV Knyazikhin, Y Davis, AB Dubayah, R Myneni, RB TI Modeling lidar waveforms with time-dependent stochastic radiative transfer theory for remote estimations of forest structure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE remote sensing of vegetation canopies; time-dependent radiative transfer model; lidar waveforms; multiple scattering ID LARGE-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; VEGETATION CANOPIES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; AREA AB Large footprint waveform-recording laser altimeters (lidars) have demonstrated a potential for accurate remote sensing of forest biomass and structure, important for regional and global climate studies. Currently, radiative transfer analyses of lidar data are based on the simplifying assumption that only single scattering contributes to the return signal, which may lead to errors in the modeling of the lower portions of recorded waveforms in the near-infrared spectrum. In this study we apply time-dependent stochastic radiative transfer (RT) theory to model the propagation of lidar pulses through forest canopies. A time-dependent stochastic RT equation is formulated and solved numerically. Such an approach describes multiple scattering events, allows for realistic representation of forest structure including foliage clumping and gaps, simulates off-nadir and multiangular observations, and has the potential to provide better approximations of return waveforms. The model was tested with field data from two conifer forest stands (southern old jack pine and southern old black spruce) in central Canada and two closed canopy deciduous forest stands (with overstory dominated by tulip poplar) in eastern Maryland. Model-simulated signals were compared with waveforms recorded by the Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery (SLICER) over these regions. Model simulations show good agreement with SLICER signals having a slow decay of the waveform. The analysis of the effects of multiple scattering shows that multiply scattered photons magnify the amplitude of the reflected signal, especially that originating from the lower portions of the canopy. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kotchenova, SY (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog, 675 Commonwealth Ave,457, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM skotchen@bu.edu RI Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D15 AR 4484 DI 10.1029/2002JD003288 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713PZ UT WOS:000184868300007 ER PT J AU Adamkovics, M Boering, KA AF Adamkovics, M Boering, KA TI Photochemical formation rates of organic aerosols through time-resolved in situ laboratory measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE photochemistry; planetary atmospheres; hydrocarbon aerosol; Titan haze; early Earth ID EARTHS EARLY ATMOSPHERE; TITANS ATMOSPHERE; SCATTERING MATRICES; GREENHOUSE; PARTICLES; THOLINS; JUPITER; METHANE; TRITON; SOOT AB The fundamental kinetics of photochemical particle formation and the mechanism(s) for polymerization of hydrocarbons to form condensable species under anoxic conditions have yet to be determined experimentally. Thus these processes remain highly parameterized in models of planetary atmospheres. We have developed instrumentation for simultaneously measuring the net production rates of complex gas-phase hydrocarbons and of organic aerosols formed from irradiating mixtures of simple precursor gases through online quadrupole mass spectrometry measurements of stable gas-phase species and in situ optical scattering detection of the particulates at 633 nm. The new technique and results for the generation of hydrocarbon aerosol from the irradiation of pure, gas-phase CH4 at a pressure of 70 Torr with 8.8+/-0.8x10(15) photons s(-1) of vacuum ultraviolet light (120-300nm) are reported. The net production rates for the following gaseous species are measured: H-2=9.9+/-2.2.10(11), C2H2=2.8+/-0.5.10(10), C2H4=5.5+/-9.4.10(9), C2H6=8.6+/-2.5.10(10), C3H4=2.5+/-1.2.10(9), C4H2=6.6+/-5.0.10(8), C4H10=1.3+/-0.5.10(10) cm(-3) s(-1). The production of hydrocarbon particulates is detected by optical scattering, and the condensed phase C-C bond formation rate is inferred to be 7.5+/-3.1.10(11) cm(-3) s(-1). Applications of this technique to the atmospheres of Titan and terrestrial-like planets, such as the early Earth before the rise of molecular oxygen, are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Adamkovics, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS E8 AR 5092 DI 10.1029/2002JE002028 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 713QN UT WOS:000184869600004 ER PT J AU Luo, ZP Wu, ZT Miller, DJ AF Luo, ZP Wu, ZT Miller, DJ TI The dislocation microstructure of a nickel-base single-crystal superalloy after tensile fracture SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE dislocation; microstructure; Ni-base superalloy; tensile deformation; transmission electron microscopy ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; GAMMA-GAMMA' INTERFACES; INTERNAL-STRESSES; DEFORMATION; NETWORKS; MECHANISMS; DEPENDENCE; EVOLUTION; ALLOY; GAMMA'-PHASE AB The dislocation microstructure after tensile deformation for a Ni-base single-crystal superalloy has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The samples were strained to fracture at temperatures from room temperature to 1273 K. It was found that for deformation at intermediate temperatures, the dislocation microstructure was inhomogeneous due to the formation of dislocation concentrations with high-density tangling. These dislocation concentrations lie mainly along <1 0 0> or <1 1 0> directions, and extend over a length of a few micrometers. In addition, the structure of dislocation networks at the gamma/gamma' interfaces formed at high temperature was also studied. Although previous studies have proposed basic configurations for these dislocation networks, the nature of a dislocation segment along the <0 1 0> direction was unresolved (Phil. Mag. A vol. 74 (1996) 229). In this work, high-resolution electron microscopy observation was used to study these dislocation networks. It was found that most of these segments are actually composed of two pairs of a/2<1 1 0> dislocations with an average spacing of 8.5 nm, while only few of them are composed of single-line a<1 0 0> dislocations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Microscopy & Imaging Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inst Aeronaut Mat, Beijing 100095, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Luo, ZP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Microscopy & Imaging Ctr, BSBW 119, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Luo, Zhiping/C-4435-2014 OI Luo, Zhiping/0000-0002-8264-6424 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 354 IS 1-2 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00039-X PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 695QA UT WOS:000183840700044 ER PT J AU Hull, R Gray, JL Kammler, M Vandervelde, T Kobayashi, T Kumar, P Pernell, T Bean, JC Floro, JA Ross, FM AF Hull, R Gray, JL Kammler, M Vandervelde, T Kobayashi, T Kumar, P Pernell, T Bean, JC Floro, JA Ross, FM TI Precision placement of heteroepitaxial semiconductor quantum dots SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS) CY JUN 18-21, 2002 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE strained layer epitaxy; strain relaxation; quantum fortress; molecular beam epitaxy; controlled nucleation ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ASSEMBLED GE ISLANDS; EPITAXIAL MULTILAYERS; MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; STRAINED LAYERS; GROWTH; FILMS; SI(001); SI AB We describe two new approaches to the patterning of Si(1 0 0) surfaces for controlled nucleation of heteroepitaxial Ge semiconductor clusters. In the first method, a Ga+-focused ion beam in situ to the growth chamber is used to create local regions of enhanced Ga+ concentration and surface topography. It is shown that at low ion doses (similar to10(14) cm(-2)), implanted Ga causes local nucleation of Ge clusters upon the implanted region. At higher doses ( greater than or equal to 10(15) cm(-2)), a complex surface topography localizes nucleation of Ge clusters. This approach can be used to seed complex patterns of Ge clusters with diameters of tens of nanometers and positional accuracy of sub-100 nm. The second method employs self-assembly of complex strain-stabilized "quantum quadruplet" and "quantum fortress" structures, whereby cooperative island nucleation around shallow strain-relieving pits is identified during GexSi1-x/Si(1 0 0) heteroepitaxy. These configurations are kinetically limited structures that exist over a range of compositions, growth temperatures, and growth rates, but which are destabilized by strain relaxation (e.g. by the introduction of misfit dislocations) and by growth conditions which provide high adatom surface mobilities. Both methods have broad potential application to nanoelectronic device architectures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Hull, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, 116 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Vandervelde, Tom/I-3317-2013 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00680-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 705KU UT WOS:000184394900002 ER PT J AU Serres, A Benassayag, G Respaud, M Armand, C Pesant, JC Mari, A Liliental-Weber, Z Claverie, A AF Serres, A Benassayag, G Respaud, M Armand, C Pesant, JC Mari, A Liliental-Weber, Z Claverie, A TI Structural and magnetic properties of MnAs nanoclusters formed by Mn ion implantation in GaAs SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS) CY JUN 18-21, 2002 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE nanoclusters; ferromagnetism; magnetization; semi-conductor AB Ferromagnetic (FM) nanostructures embedded in semiconductors are attracting interest because their physical properties could be used in new devices such as memories, sensors or more generally involving "spintronics". In this work, we present results on the synthesis and the characterization of nanosized MnAs ferromagnets buried in GaAs. These nanocrystals can be formed either by single Mn implantation or by Mn +As co-implantation at room temperature into GaAs wafers followed by thermal annealing. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and diffraction analysis show that the MnAs precipitates exhibit the regular hexagonal structure with a 3m orientation relationship with respect to the matrix. The mean diameters of the nanocrystals range from 9 to 13 nm depending on the annealing conditions. Magnetization measurements by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry reveal an FM state. Upon warming, a progressive transition to a superparamagnetic state is evidenced, probably due to the distribution of individual blocking temperatures, resulting both from the size distribution of the nanocrystals and from dipolar interactions. Curie temperatures in the range of 360 K are measured, significantly higher than for bulk MnAs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, CEMES, F-31055 Toulouse 4, France. Inst Natl Sci Appl, LPMC, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Inst Natl Sci Appl, F-31077 Toulouse, France. CNRS, IEMN, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. CNRS, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Benassayag, G (reprint author), CNRS, CEMES, 29 Rue J Marvig BP 4347, F-31055 Toulouse 4, France. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; BEN ASSAYAG, Gerard/A-8742-2008 OI BEN ASSAYAG, Gerard/0000-0001-8634-8814 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0921-510(02)00676-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 705KU UT WOS:000184394900022 ER PT J AU Adams, JJ Ebbers, CA AF Adams, JJ Ebbers, CA TI Linear electro-optic properties of YCa4O(BO3)(3) SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM BORATE; COEFFICIENTS; CRYSTAL AB We have characterized the effective linear electro-optic coefficients of YCa4O(BO3)(3) (YCOB) relative to KH2PO4 and KD2PO4 at 632.8 nm. We measured a maximum r(eff) value of 10.8 +/- 1.4 pm/V for YCOB in a transverse electric field configuration for propagation along the X or the alpha dielectric axis, with the electric field applied along the Z or the gamma dielectric axis. We also found effective coefficients of 10.7 +/- 1.0 and 3.4 +/- 0.4 pm/V for YCOB in longitudinal configurations. The remaining values of r(eff) for various transverse applied voltages were found to be less than 3 pm/V. The excellent thermomechanical properties of this crystal, coupled with moderate electro-optic coefficients, make YCOB and its isomorphs potential candidates for use as high-average-power electro-optic switches. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Adams, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-482, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 16 BP 1469 EP 1471 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001469 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 707GE UT WOS:000184501800025 PM 12943094 ER PT J AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, AA TI Metal-insulator transition in layered cuprates (SDW model) SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The metal-insulator transition in layered cuprates is analyzed on the basis of the assumption that it is due to formation of a spin-density wave (Section 2). The phase diagram in the plane of temperature and doping is calculated (Section 3); doping is described by the chemical potential. The phase transition from the insulating antiferromagnetic phase to a metallic paramagnetic phase proves to be a second order transition at small dopings and a first order transition at larger ones. The connection between the chemical potential and measurable physical properties is analyzed (Section 4). In the metallic phase it defines the volume, enclosed in the Fermi surface, which is always large. In the insulating phase it defines the energy gap. Next, the role of disorder is studied (Section 5). It is shown that disorder reduces the antiferromagnetic region at the phase diagram but qualitatively does not change the nature of the transitions, namely second order at smaller dopings and first order at larger ones. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 391 IS 2 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00888-8 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 704FW UT WOS:000184329200005 ER PT J AU Benedict, LX Puzder, A Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Galli, G Klepeis, JE Raty, JY Pankratov, O AF Benedict, LX Puzder, A Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Galli, G Klepeis, JE Raty, JY Pankratov, O TI Calculation of optical absorption spectra of hydrogenated Si clusters: Bethe-Salpeter equation versus time-dependent local-density approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; EXCITED-STATES; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCITATIONS; SILICON; GAPS; INSULATORS; MATRICES; SYSTEMS AB We present calculations of the optical absorption spectra of clusters SiH4, Si10H16, Si17H36, Si29H24, and Si35H36, as determined from two different methods: the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) with a model dielectric function, and the time-dependent density-functional theory within the adiabatic local-density approximation (TDLDA). Single-particle states are obtained from local-density approximation (LDA) calculations and, for the BSE calculation, a quasiparticle gap correction is provided by quantum Monte Carlo calculations. We find that the exchange-correlation kernel of the TDLDA has almost no effect on the calculated spectra, while the corresponding attractive part of the electron-hole interaction of the BSE produces enhanced absorptive features at low energies. For the smallest cluster SiH4, the two methods produce markedly different results, with the TDLDA spectra appearing closer to the experimental result. The gross features of the TDLDA and BSE spectra for larger clusters are however similar, due to the strong repulsive Coulomb kernel present in both treatments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div H, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liege, Phys Dept B5, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl theoret Festkorperphys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Benedict, LX (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div H, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Pankratov, Oleg/C-5553-2013 NR 42 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 8 AR 085310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.085310 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720XJ UT WOS:000185287500042 ER PT J AU Bester, G Zunger, A AF Bester, G Zunger, A TI Compositional and size-dependent spectroscopic shifts in charged self-assembled InxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CARRIER DIFFUSION; OPTICAL-EMISSION; SINGLE; EXCITONS; INGAAS; GAAS; SPECTRA; MODEL AB Atomistic pseudopotential many-body calculations of excitonic (X) recombination in charged, self-assembled InxGa1-xAs/GaAs dots predict and explain remarkable trends. (i) The redshift of the exciton energy upon negative charging is rapidly reduced with increasing the In content and increasing the dot height. The opposite behavior is observed upon positive charging. (ii) The recombination peak energies of different charge states show intriguing symmetries and alignments, e.g., X- aligns with X2- and X3- aligns with X4-. (iii) The X3- spectrum shows that a triplet initial state is lower in energy for flat dots (yielding two spectral lines), whereas the singlet state is lower in energy for taller dots (yielding a single line). These trends are explained theoretically in terms of a crossover occurring at a critical In concentration and dot height at which the electron wave functions becomes more localized than the hole wave functions. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bester, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 073309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.073309 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200016 ER PT J AU Dallakyan, S Chandross, M Mazumdar, S AF Dallakyan, S Chandross, M Mazumdar, S TI Infrared light emission from pi-conjugated polymers: A diagrammatic exciton basis valence bond theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DISUBSTITUTED POLYACETYLENE; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; EXCITATION; HUBBARD; STATES; POLY(ISOTHIANAPHTHENE); CONFINEMENT; CROSSOVER; POLYENES; LASERS AB There is currently a great need for solid-state lasers that emit in the infrared, as this is the operating wavelength regime for applications in telecommunications. Existing pi-conjugated polymers all emit in the visible or ultraviolet, and whether or not pi-conjugated polymers that emit in the infrared can be designed is an interesting challenge. On the one hand, the excited-state ordering in trans-polyacetylene, the pi-conjugated polymer with a relatively small optical gap, is not conducive to light emission because of electron-electron interaction effects. On the other hand, excited-state ordering opposite to that in trans-polyacetylene is usually obtained by chemical modification that increases the effective bond alternation, which in turn increases the optical gap. We develop a theory of electron correlation effects in a model pi-conjugated polymer that is obtained by replacing the hydrogen atoms of trans-polyacetylene with transverse conjugated groups and show that the effective on-site correlation in this system is smaller than the bare correlation in the unsubstituted system. An optical gap in the infrared as well as excited-state ordering conducive to light emission is thereby predicted with similar structural features. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dallakyan, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075204 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200052 ER PT J AU Francoeur, S Seong, MJ Hanna, MC Geisz, JF Mascarenhas, A Xin, HP Tu, CW AF Francoeur, S Seong, MJ Hanna, MC Geisz, JF Mascarenhas, A Xin, HP Tu, CW TI Origin of the nitrogen-induced optical transitions in GaAs1-xNx SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BAND-STRUCTURE; GAASN ALLOYS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; MODE; GAP AB The temperature and concentration dependence of optical transitions in GaAs1-xNx (<3.8 eV) are studied by electromodulated reflectance. These studies suggest that the E+ transition involves the valence-band maximum at Gamma and a singlet state originating from the splitting of the quadruply degenerate conduction band at L. Such a transition, forbidden in pure GaAs, becomes allowed in GaAs1-xNx due to the strong perturbation of nitrogen doping to the band structure. A similar analysis applied to the transition E-* suggests that it is related either to resonant states evolving from the level created by a single isolated nitrogen impurity in GaAs, or to the splitting of the triplet originating from the L conduction band, induced by a further reduction in symmetry associated with nitrogen pairs. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Francoeur, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sebastien_francoeur@nrel.gov RI Francoeur, Sebastien/E-6614-2011 OI Francoeur, Sebastien/0000-0002-6129-7026 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075207 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200055 ER PT J AU Harrison, WA AF Harrison, WA TI Corrections to an exact solution of a two-electron problem for correlation in f-shell metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGIES; ATOMS AB The generalization to f-shell metals of an exact solution of a two-electron problem is explored, based upon existing parameters. Using a simplified energy-band framework, it yields elementary predictions of specific heats and paramagnetic susceptibilities in quite good accord with experiment for the light actinides, through plutonium, but with large corrections to local density approximation theory. For americium and beyond, and for the rare earths, an approach beginning with atomic multiplets becomes appropriate, leading to Curie-Weiss behavior. It leads, however, to the same band picture when applied to the lighter actinides. For americium, it is important to go beyond an L.S-coupling approximation for the multiplets. C1 Stanford Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Harrison, WA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075116 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200045 ER PT J AU Harrison, WA AF Harrison, WA TI Correlations and magnetism in transition metals through the calculation of total energies and electronic densities of states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BANDS AB Coulomb repulsions U-d are incorporated in the electronic band structure by reducing the d-band width W-d by a factor zeta=W-d/rootW(d)(2)+U-d(2), both in the calculation of total energies and electronic densities of states. The Friedel-model density of states, n(epsilon)=10/(zetaW(d)) per atom, provides a criterion for ferromagnetism, and an estimate of the saturation moment (assuming 0.6 free electrons per atom) in reasonable accord with the experimental Slater-Pauling curve. When extended to dilute alloys of transition metals, localized impurity states arise and give a reasonable account of the observed deviations from the pure-metal curve. When this same constant n(epsilon) is used to estimate the low-temperature specific heat and Pauli susceptibility, discrepancies with experiment from variations of n(epsilon) with epsilon are much more serious than found for the light actinides. This would suggest a return to full band calculations, but incorporating the correction factor zeta for all dd couplings. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Harrison, WA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075117 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200046 ER PT J AU Huber, P Shpyrko, O Pershan, PS Ocko, B DiMasi, E Deutsch, M AF Huber, P Shpyrko, O Pershan, PS Ocko, B DiMasi, E Deutsch, M TI Short-range wetting at liquid gallium-bismuth alloy surfaces: X-ray measurements and square-gradient theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GA-BI ALLOYS; NORMAL-ALKANES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; VAPOR INTERFACE; CRITICAL-POINT; FREE ENERGY; REFLECTIVITY; TRANSITION; UNIVERSALITY; METAL AB We present an x-ray reflectivity study of wetting at the free surface of the binary liquid metal alloy gallium-bismuth (Ga-Bi) in the region where the bulk phase separates into Bi-rich and Ga-rich liquid phases. The measurements reveal the evolution of the microscopic structure of the wetting films of the Bi-rich, low-surface-tension phase along several paths in the bulk phase diagram. The wetting of the Ga-rich bulk's surface by a Bi-rich wetting film, the thickness of which is limited by gravity to only 50 Angstrom, creates a Ga-rich/Bi-rich liquid/liquid interface close enough to the free surface to allow its detailed study by x rays. The structure of the interface is determined with Angstrom resolution, which allows the application of a mean-field square gradient model extended by the inclusion of capillary waves as the dominant thermal fluctuations. The sole free parameter of the gradient model, the influence parameter kappa, that characterizes the influence of concentration gradients on the interfacial excess energy, is determined from our measurements. This, in turn, allows a calculation of the liquid/liquid interfacial tension, and a separation of the intrinsic and capillary wave contributions to the interfacial structure. In spite of expected deviations from MF behavior, based on the upper critical dimensionality (D-u=3) of the bulk, we find that the capillary wave excitations only marginally affect the short-range complete wetting behavior. A critical wetting transition that is sensitive to thermal fluctuations appears to be absent in this binary liquid-metal alloy. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Huber, P (reprint author), Univ Saarland, Fak Phys & Elektrotech, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. RI Huber, Patrick/B-7690-2008; Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012 OI Huber, Patrick/0000-0002-2126-9100; NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 8 AR 085409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.085409 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720XJ UT WOS:000185287500069 ER PT J AU Kilic, C Zunger, A AF Kilic, C Zunger, A TI n-type doping and passivation of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 by hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DIFFUSION; GAS; ENERGIES; DEFECTS; STATE; GAAS AB An impurity in a semiconductor can have either amphoteric behavior (no net production of electron or holes), or be an energetically deep center (carriers produced only at high temperature), or a shallow center (carriers produced even at low temperature). In most semiconductors (e.g., Si, GaAs, GaP, InP, and ZnSe) hydrogen impurities do not produce free carriers, being instead an amphoretic center; yet hydrogen does dope n-type some oxides such as SnO2 and ZnO. We studied theoretically whether or not H could dope chalcopyrite I-III-VI2 compounds, CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2. Based on the first-principles calculations, we find that nonsubstitutionally incorporated hydrogen forms a deep donor in CuGaSe2, but a relatively shallow donor in CuInSe2. The interaction of hydrogen with the abundant defect complex (2V(Cu)+In-Cu)(0) yields an even shallower donor, making CuInSe2 n type. In addition, our results show that hydrogen passivates the acceptorlike copper vacancies in both CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2, thus eliminating p type behavior. These findings, in conjunction with typical conditions under which CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 are grown, indicate that CuInSe2 could be doped n type via hydrogen incorporation, whereas CuGaSe2 could not. The reason for the different behavior of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 towards hydrogen is that in the latter case the conduction-band minimum is at a considerably higher energy than in the former case. Despite this difference in electrical properties, it is predicted that hydrogen can be stored in both CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 via implantation since the implanted hydrogens decorate copper atoms as well as preexisting copper vacancies. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kilic, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Kilic, Cetin/E-1336-2011; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Kilic, Cetin/0000-0003-2690-4940; NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075201 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200049 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, P Zunger, A AF Mahadevan, P Zunger, A TI Ferromagnetism in Mn-doped GaAs due to substitutional-interstitial complexes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FORMALISM; RESONANCE; SOLIDS AB While most calculations on the properties of the ferromagnetic semiconductor GaAs:Mn have focused on isolated Mn substituting the Ga site (Mn-Ga), we investigate here whether alternate lattice sites are favored and what the magnetic consequences of this might be. Under As-rich (Ga-poor) conditions prevalent at growth, we find that the formation energies are lower for Mn-Ga over interstitial Mn (Mn-i). As the Fermi energy is shifted towards the valence band maximum via external p doping, the formation energy of Mn-i is reduced relative to Mn-Ga. Furthermore, under epitaxial growth conditions, the solubility of both substitutional and interstitial Mn are strongly enhanced over what is possible under bulk growth conditions. The high concentration of Mn attained under epitaxial growth of p-type material opens the possibility of Mn atoms forming small clusters. We consider various types of clusters, including the Coulomb-stabilized clusters involving two Mn-Ga and one Mn-i. While isolated Mn-i are hole killers (donors), and therefore destroy ferromagnetism, complexes such as (Mn-Ga-Mn-i-Mn-Ga) are found to be more stable than complexes involving Mn-Ga-Mn-Ga-Mn-Ga. The former complexes exhibit partial or total quenching of holes, yet Mn-i in these complexes provide a channel for a ferromagnetic arrangement of the spins on the two Mn-Ga within the complex. This suggests that ferromagnetism in Mn-doped GaAs arises both from holes due to isolated Mn-Ga as well as from strongly Coulomb stabilized Mn-Ga-Mn-i-Mn-Ga clusters. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80461 USA. RP Mahadevan, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80461 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 30 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075202 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200050 ER PT J AU More, S Soares, EA Van Hove, MA Lizzit, S Baraldi, A Grutter, C Bilgram, JH Hofmann, P AF More, S Soares, EA Van Hove, MA Lizzit, S Baraldi, A Grutter, C Bilgram, JH Hofmann, P TI alpha-Ga(010) surface reconstruction: A LEED structural analysis of the (1x1) room temperature and (2 root 2x root 2)R45 degrees low-temperature structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM; CRYSTAL; PHASES AB The geometric structure of the alpha-Ga(010)-(1x1) room temperature structure and its (2root2xroot2)R45degrees reconstruction below 232 K have been determined using low-energy electron diffraction structure analysis. The room temperature structure conforms to the cut-dimer model, forming a two-dimensional metallic structure with only minimal lateral displacements of the atoms. The topmost interlayer distance is 1.53 Angstrom, corresponding to a spacing expansion of 2% from the bulk. In the low-temperature structure, the surface atoms shift to dimerize within the top two layers, resulting in a network of mostly covalent bonds, which form both parallel and perpendicular to the surface plane. The bond lengths of some of these dimers are about 10% shorter than the bond length found in the alpha-Ga bulk and are thus shorter than any Ga-Ga bonds reported so far. C1 Inst Mol Sci, Aichi 4448585, Japan. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UFMG, ICEx, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Lab TASC INFM, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. ETH, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Aarhus Univ, Inst Storage Ring Facil, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP More, S (reprint author), Inst Mol Sci, Aichi 4448585, Japan. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Soares, Edmar/C-2303-2013; Hofmann, Philip/B-5938-2008 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Hofmann, Philip/0000-0002-7367-5821 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075414 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200097 ER PT J AU Nussinov, Z Crommie, MF Balatsky, AV AF Nussinov, Z Crommie, MF Balatsky, AV TI Noise spectroscopy of a single spin with spin-polarized STM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE AB We show how the noise in a spin-polarized STM tunneling current gives valuable spectroscopic information on the temporal susceptibility of a single magnetic atom residing on a nonmagnetic surface. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nussinov, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 8 AR 085402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.085402 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720XJ UT WOS:000185287500062 ER PT J AU Ocko, M Sarrao, JL Aviani, I Drobac, D Zivkovic, I Prester, M AF Ocko, M Sarrao, JL Aviani, I Drobac, D Zivkovic, I Prester, M TI Anomalous properties of the YbxY1-xInCu4 alloy system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YBIN1-XAGXCU4; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; LUINCU4; STATE; YB AB We report on lattice parameter, dc and ac susceptibility, thermopower, and resistivity measurements of the YbxY1-xInCu4 alloy system. With increasing x the system evolves from semimetallic towards more metallic character. Some anomalous properties, such as the concentration dependence of the lattice parameter can be explained as an admixture of Yb+3 and Yb+2 ions. Only for the lowest concentrations of Yb do we observe signs of the Kondo effect with a T-K of about 2 K, which is much lower than expected. The absence of a signature of the Kondo effect in the thermopower data for the lowest concentrations we explain by the semimetallic character of the YInCu4 matrix. The valence transition is detected for x>0.85 by thermopower as well as by susceptibility and resistivity data. C1 Inst Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ocko, M (reprint author), Inst Phys, POB 304, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RI Zivkovic, Ivica/A-5816-2009; Aviani, Ivica/F-5059-2017 OI Zivkovic, Ivica/0000-0003-0366-8199; NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200031 ER PT J AU Persson, C Zunger, A AF Persson, C Zunger, A TI s-d coupling in zinc-blende semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BROKEN-SYMMETRY APPROACH; X-RAY EMISSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BAND-STRUCTURE; CORE-HOLE; GAN; CDS; ORBITALS AB Most zinc blende semiconductors have a single anion-like s state near the bottom of the valence band, found in density-of-states (DOS) calculations, and seen in photoemission. Here, we discuss the case where two s-like peaks appear, due to strong s-d coupling. Indeed, away from the k=0 Brillouin zone center, cation d states and anion s states can couple in zinc blende symmetry. Depending on the energy difference DeltaE(sd)=E-s(anion)-E-d(cation), this interaction can lead to either a single or two s-like peaks in the DOS and photoemission. We find four types of behaviors. (i) In GaP, GaAs, InP, and InAs, DeltaE(sd) is large, giving rise to a single cation d peak well below the single anion s peak. (ii) Similarly, in CdS, CdSe, ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe, we see also a single s peak, but now the cation d is above the anion s. In both (i) and (ii) the s-d coupling is very weak. (iii) In GaN and InN, the local density approximation (LDA) predicts two s-like peaks bracketing below and above the cation d-like state. Correcting the too low binding energies of LDA by LDA+SIC (self-interaction correction) still leaves the two s-like peaks. The occurrence of two s-like peaks represents the fingerprint of strong s-d coupling. (iv) In CdTe, LDA predicts a single s-like peak just as in case (ii) above. However, LDA+SIC correction shifts down the cation d state closer to the anion s band, enhancing the s-d coupling, and leading to the appearance of two s-like peaks. Case (iv) is a remarkable situation where LDA errors cause not only quantitative energetic errors, but actually leads to a qualitative effect of a DOS peak that exists in LDA+SIC but is missing in LDA. We predict that the double-s peak should be observed in photoemission for GaN, InN, and CdTe. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Persson, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 28 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 073205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.073205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200007 ER PT J AU Steckel, JA Eichler, A Hafner, J AF Steckel, JA Eichler, A Hafner, J TI CO adsorption on the CO-precovered Pt(111) surface characterized by density-functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CARBON-MONOXIDE; DIFFERENT SITES; METAL-SURFACES; HIGH COVERAGES; BASIS-SET; OXIDATION; HEATS; LEED AB Ab initio density-functional investigations of the gradual adsorption of increasing amounts of CO on partially precovered Pt(111) surfaces are presented. Our calculations show that up to precoverages as high as 0.5 monolayer (ML) CO, the adsorption energy is minimally influenced by lateral interactions and that adsorption of additional CO molecules remains an unactivated process. The saturation coverage is estimated to be similar to0.67 ML. Beyond this limit the adsorption energies are strongly reduced and substantial barriers against further adsorption are built up. For the high-coverage limit, we have examined several adsorption geometries proposed in the literature as well as a novel configuration. Energetic considerations, the calculated adsorption geometries, and the analysis of the calculated frequency spectra all favor a model with the c(root3x3) periodicity as proposed on the basis of the experimental data. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Mat Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Steckel, JA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 8 AR 085416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.085416 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720XJ UT WOS:000185287500076 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Fluegel, B Hanna, MC Mascarenhas, A Wang, LW Wang, YJ Wei, X AF Zhang, Y Fluegel, B Hanna, MC Mascarenhas, A Wang, LW Wang, YJ Wei, X TI Impurity perturbation to the host band structure and recoil of the impurity state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN PAIRS; DOPED GAAS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAP; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EXCITONS; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION; GAAS1-XNX AB At sufficiently high doping levels, the impurities in a semiconductor are expected to perturb the host band structure, and the perturbed host is then expected to alter the impurity state from that of the dilute limit (a recoil). Despite many decades of studies on impurities, it has been impossible to simultaneously and accurately track the evolution of the host band structure and the impurity state. The isoelectronically doped system provides a unique opportunity to track this evolution. GaAs:N, as a prototype system, has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically for this purpose. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Labs, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 AR 075210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.075210 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720BN UT WOS:000185241200058 ER PT J AU Bertone, G Servant, G Sigl, G AF Bertone, G Servant, G Sigl, G TI Indirect detection of Kaluza-Klein dark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GALACTIC-CENTER; SAGITTARIUS-A; BLACK-HOLE; ANNIHILATION; TELESCOPE; GALAXIES; PARTICLE; RADIO; HALOS AB We investigate prospects for indirect detection of Kaluza-Klein dark matter, focusing on the annihilation radiation of the first Kaluza-Klein excitation of the hypercharge gauge boson B-(1) in the galactic halo; in particular we estimate neutrino, gamma-ray and synchrotron fluxes. Comparing the predicted fluxes with observational data we are able to constrain the B-(1) mass (and therefore the compactification scale). The constraints depend on the specific model adopted for the dark matter density profile. For a Navarro, Frenk, and White profile the analysis of synchrotron radiation puts a lower bound on the B-(1) mass of the order of similar or equal to300 GeV. C1 Inst Astrophys, CNRS, GReCO, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Inst Astrophys, CNRS, GReCO, 98 Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. NR 43 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 044008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.044008 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 719ZM UT WOS:000185235500038 ER PT J AU Cooper, F Sodano, P Trombettoni, A Chodos, A AF Cooper, F Sodano, P Trombettoni, A Chodos, A TI O(N) symmetric extension of the sine-Gordon equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE SCALING LIMIT; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY; APPROXIMATION; EQUILIBRIUM; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB We discuss an O(N) symmetric extension of the sine-Gordon (SG) equation which, using a path integral approach, allows for an expansion around the leading order in large N (Gaussian) approximation. The model is described by the Lagrangian L=1/2(partial derivative(mu)(φ) over right arrow)(2)+N(alpha(0)/beta(2))cos betarootrho, with rho=((φ) over right arrow .(φ) over right arrow)/N. At the leading order we show that the results of our approach agree with the ones of a large-N variational computation. We discuss the striking differences arising for a nonpolynomial interaction between the large-N form for in the Gaussian approximation and the N=1 case; when V[phi] is a polynomial no such drastic differences occur. We find that, for our large-N extension of the sine-Gordon model, the unbroken ground state is unstable as one increases the coupling constant (as it is for the original SG equation) and we find in leading order that the unbroken symmetry vacuum is stable as long as beta(2)less than or equal to24pi. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis & Sez, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. Amer Phys Soc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Cooper, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.045011 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 719ZM UT WOS:000185235500069 ER PT J AU Cvetic, M Langacker, P Wang, J AF Cvetic, M Langacker, P Wang, J TI Dynamical supersymmetry breaking in standardlike models with intersecting D6-branes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID I-HETEROTIC DUALITY; IIB ORIENTIFOLDS; 4 DIMENSIONS; N=1; STRINGS; BRANES; D=4; ORBIFOLDS; COMPACTIFICATIONS; D4-BRANES AB We address dynamical supersymmetry breaking within an N=1 supersymmetric standardlike model based on a Z(2)xZ(2) type IIA orientifold with intersecting D6-branes. The model possesses an additional, confining gauge sector with the USp(2)(A)xUSp(2)(B)xUSp(4) gauge group, where the gaugino condensation mechanism allows for the breaking of supersymmetry and stabilizes moduli. We derive the leading contribution to the nonperturbative effective superpotential and determine numerically the minima of the supergravity potential. These minima break supersymmetry and fix two undetermined moduli, which in turn completely specify the gauge couplings at the string scale. For this specific construction the minima have a negative cosmological constant. We expect that for other supersymmetric standardlike models with intersecting D6-branes, which also possess confining gauge sectors, the supersymmetry breaking mechanism would have qualitatively similar features. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cvetic, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. NR 58 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 046002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.046002 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 719ZM UT WOS:000185235500071 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG AF Davoudiasl, H Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG TI Brane-localized kinetic terms in the Randall-Sundrum model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BULK FIELDS; DIMENSIONS; HIERARCHY; MIXINGS; MASSES AB We examine the effects of boundary kinetic terms in the Randall-Sundrum model with gauge fields in the bulk. We derive the resulting gauge Kaluza-Klein (KK) state wave functions and their corresponding masses, as well as the KK gauge field couplings to boundary fermions, and find that they are modified in the presence of the boundary terms. In particular, for natural choices of the parameters, these fermionic couplings can be substantially suppressed compared to those in the conventional Randall-Sundrum scenario. This results in a significant relaxation of the bound on the lightest gauge KK mass obtained from precision electroweak data; we demonstrate that this bound can be as low as a few hundred GeV. Because of the relationship between the lightest gauge KK state and the electroweak scale in this model, this weakened constraint allows for the electroweak scale to be near a TeV in this minimal extension of the Randall-Sundrum model with bulk gauge fields, as opposed to the conventional scenario. C1 Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 45 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.045002 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 719ZM UT WOS:000185235500060 ER PT J AU Greene, PB Kadota, K Murayama, H AF Greene, PB Kadota, K Murayama, H TI Supergravity inflation free from harmful relics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; ENTROPY CRISIS; GRAVITINO; SYMMETRY; POLONYI; MODELS; AXION AB We present a realistic supergravity inflation model that is free from the overproduction of potentially dangerous relics in cosmology, namely, moduli and gravitinos, which can lead to inconsistencies with the predictions of baryon asymmetry and nucleosynthesis. The radiative correction turns out to play a crucial role in our analysis, raising the mass of the supersymmetry breaking field to an intermediate scale. We pay particular attention to the nonthermal production of gravitinos using the nonminimal Kahler potential we obtained from loop correction. This nonthermal gravitino production is diminished, however, because of the relatively small scale of the inflaton mass and the small amplitudes of the hidden sector fields. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 043502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.043502 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 719ZM UT WOS:000185235500014 ER PT J AU Kachru, S Kallosh, R Linde, A Trivedi, SP AF Kachru, S Kallosh, R Linde, A Trivedi, SP TI de Sitter vacua in string theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CALABI-YAU 4-FOLDS; F-THEORY; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; SUPERGRAVITY; UNIVERSE; COMPACTIFICATIONS; SUPERNOVAE; FLUXES AB We outline the construction of metastable de Sitter vacua of type IIB string theory. Our starting point is highly warped IIB compactifications with nontrivial NS and RR three-form fluxes. By incorporating known corrections to the superpotential from Euclidean D-brane instantons or gaugino condensation, one can make models with all moduli fixed, yielding a supersymmetric AdS vacuum. Inclusion of a small number of (D3) over bar -branes in the resulting warped geometry allows one to uplift the AdS minimum and make it a metastable de Sitter ground state. The lifetime of our metastable de Sitter vacua is much greater than the cosmological time scale of 10(10) yr. We also prove, under certain conditions, that the lifetime of dS space in string theory will always be shorter than the recurrence time. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Kachru, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 73 TC 1851 Z9 1856 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 046005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.046005 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 719ZM UT WOS:000185235500074 ER PT J AU Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Ganti, MS Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Rykov, V Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Buren, GV VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, HY Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Ganti, MS Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Rykov, V Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Buren, GV VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, HY Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Evidence from d+Au measurements for final-state suppression of high-p(T) hadrons in Au plus Au collisions at RHIC - art. no. 073204 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PERTURBATIVE QCD; ENERGY-LOSS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We report measurements of single-particle inclusive spectra and two-particle azimuthal distributions of charged hadrons at high transverse momentum (high p(T)) in minimum bias and central d+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV. The inclusive yield is enhanced in d+Au collisions relative to binary-scaled p+p collisions, while the two-particle azimuthal distributions are very similar to those observed in p+p collisions. These results demonstrate that the strong suppression of the inclusive yield and back-to-back correlations at high p(T) previously observed in central Au+Au collisions are due to final-state interactions with the dense medium generated in such collisions. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. JINR, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. JINR, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230027, Peoples R China. Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Grachov, Oleg/0000-0002-4294-9025; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536 NR 34 TC 376 Z9 377 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. 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Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A Drees, KA du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Suppressed pi(0) production at large transverse momentum in central Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABELIAN ENERGY-LOSS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; NUCLEI; QCD AB Transverse momentum spectra of neutral pions in the range 12 GeV/c). In contrast, the d+Au nuclear modification factor (at eta=0) exhibits an enhancement of the high p(T) yields. These measurements indicate a high energy loss of the high p(T) particles in the medium created in the central Au+Au collisions. The lack of suppression in d+Au collisions makes it unlikely that initial state effects can explain the suppression in the central Au+Au collisions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchkowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010 OI Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121 NR 31 TC 281 Z9 283 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 7 AR 072305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.072305 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 712UE UT WOS:000184815400015 PM 12935010 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S 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Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Aston, D Berger, N Boyarski, AM Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges, E Haas, T Hadig, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, SW Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Morii, M Bartoldus, R Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Trincaz-Duvoid, S Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Aston, D Berger, N Boyarski, AM Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges, E Haas, T Hadig, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, SW Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Rare B decays into states containing a J/psi meson and a meson with s(s)over-bar quark content SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION; ASYMMETRIES; DETECTOR AB We report a study of the B meson decays, B+-->J/psiphiK(+), B-0-->J/psiphiK(S)(0), B-0-->J/psiphi, B-0-->J/psieta, and B-0-->J/psieta' using 56x10(6) B (B) over bar events collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) asymmetric-energy storage ring. We measure the branching fractions B(B+-->J/psiphiK(+))=(4.4+/-1.4(stat)+/-0.5(syst))x10(-5) and B(B-0-->J/psiphiK(S)(0))=(5.1+/-1.9(stat)+/-0.5(syst))x10(-5), and set upper limits at 90% confidence level for the branching fractions B(B-0-->J/psiphi)<9.2x10(-6), B(B-0-->J/psieta)<2.7x10(-5), and B(B-0-->J/psieta('))<6.3x10(-5). C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Elon Univ, Elon, NC 27244 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06 & 7, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011 OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 7 AR 071801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 712UE UT WOS:000184815400010 ER PT J AU Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Becker, B Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Harrington, AS Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lee, JW Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Noell, A Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Sedykh, I Skulski, W Smith, CE Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Teng, R Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Veres, GI Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B Zhang, J AF Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Becker, B Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Harrington, AS Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lee, JW Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Noell, A Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Sedykh, I Skulski, W Smith, CE Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Teng, R Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Veres, GI Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B Zhang, J CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI Centrality dependence of charged-hadron transverse-momentum spectra in d+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have measured transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in d+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV. The spectra were obtained for transverse momenta 0.2575000 publicly available '16S' sequences. Preferably, the entire process should be computationally administrated so the aligned collection could periodically absorb 16S rDNA sequences from the public records. A complete multiple sequence alignment would provide a foundation for computational probe selection and facilitates microbial taxonomy and phylogeny. Results: Here we report the alignment and similarity clustering of 62 662 16S rDNA sequences and an approach for designing effective probes for each cluster. A novel alignment compression algorithm, NAST (Nearest Alignment Space Termination), was designed to produce the uniform multiple sequence alignment referred to as the prokMSA. From the prokMSA, 9020 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were found based on transitive sequence similarities. An automated approach to probe design was straightforward using the prokMSA clustered into OTUs. As a test case, multiple probes were computationally picked for each of the 27 OTUs that were identified within the Staphylococcus Group. The probes were incorporated into a customized microarray and were able to correctly categorize Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis into their correct OTUs. Although a successful probe picking strategy is outlined, the main focus of creating the prokMSA was to provide a comprehensive, categorized, updateable 16S rDNA collection useful as a foundation for any probe selection algorithm. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 23 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD AUG 12 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1461 EP 1468 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg200 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 713VM UT WOS:000184878700002 PM 12912825 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Grey, CP Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Yoon, WS Grey, CP Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ McBreen, J TI In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic study on LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material during electrochemical cycling SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; NEAR-EDGE-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRODES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR AB We have investigated the local electronic and atomic structure of the LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 electrode during the first charge and discharge process using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the Mn and Ni K-edges. The Ni K-edge structure in the XANES spectrum shifts to higher energy during charge and shifts back reversibly during discharge in the higher voltage region of similar to4 V, whereas the Mn K-edge structure does not appear to exhibit a rigid edge shift. Further Li-ion intercalation during extended discharge in the 1-V plateau leads to the reduction of Mn4+ ions suggesting that the charge compensation in this region is achieved via the reduction of Mn4+ ions to Mn2+. Mn K-edge EXAFS results indicate that a small amount of Li is found in the Ni2+/Mn4+ layers. These Li ions in the transition metal layers are primarily present in the second coordination shell of Mn and not around Ni. Ni K-edge EXAFS fitting results suggest that the oxidation process upon Li deintercalation takes place in two steps: Ni2+ to Ni3+ first, and then Ni3+ to Ni4+. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McBreen, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 36 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 15 U2 115 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 12 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 16 BP 3161 EP 3169 DI 10.1021/cm030220m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 710LF UT WOS:000184681100016 ER PT J AU Nordlinder, S Augustsson, A Schmitt, T Guo, JH Duda, LC Nordgren, J Gustafsson, T Edstrom, K AF Nordlinder, S Augustsson, A Schmitt, T Guo, JH Duda, LC Nordgren, J Gustafsson, T Edstrom, K TI Redox Behavior of vanadium oxide nanotubes as studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; CATHODE MATERIAL; V2O5; REACTIVITY; ELECTRODES; SPECTRA; ELECTROLYTES; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY; TEMPLATES AB Ex situ soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (SXAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the redox behavior of sodium-containing vanadium oxide (Na-VOx) nanotubes in a rechargeable Li battery context. This nanotubular material consists of scroll-like layers of vanadium oxide separated by structure-directing agents, in this case Na+ ions. As lithium ions are inserted into the Na-VOx nanotubes, the V 2p peak weight shifts toward lower energies. This effect can be seen in both the SXAS and XPS results. Average oxidation states could be obtained from the XPS results, and these agree well with those estimated from electrochemical measurements. At potentials below 2.0 V, there is a coexistence of V(V), V(IV), and V(III), which suggests that some of the vanadium is inaccessible to reduction during the first cycles. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Mat, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nordlinder, S (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Mat, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Schmitt, Thorsten/A-7025-2010; OI Augustsson, Andreas/0000-0002-9463-3700; Edstroem, Kristina/0000-0003-4440-2952 NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 10 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 12 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 16 BP 3227 EP 3232 DI 10.1021/cm031004g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 710LF UT WOS:000184681100027 ER PT J AU Scott, TF Cook, WD Forsythe, JS Bowman, CN Berchtold, KA AF Scott, TF Cook, WD Forsythe, JS Bowman, CN Berchtold, KA TI FTIR and ESR spectroscopic studies of the photopolymerization of vinyl ester resins SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; CROSS-LINKING; NETWORK STRUCTURE; CURE KINETICS; COPOLYMERIZATION KINETICS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CURING KINETICS; MODEL VERS; DIMETHACRYLATE AB The reaction kinetics during photopolymerization of bisGMA/styrene blends were investigated using FTIR and ESR spectroscopy. Increased styrene concentration reduced the polymerization rate of both methacrylate and styrene due to an increase in the termination rate and due to the stability of the styryl radical. Raised styrene concentrations also increased the final methacrylate conversion, but the final styrene conversion decreased because styrene plasticized the network, allowing methacrylate conversion to rise at higher styrene concentrations; however, the copolymerization did not proceed far enough to achieve increased conversions of styrene. The final concentration of radicals was reduced at higher styrene concentrations because of an increase in the bimolecular termination rate for networks with low cross-link densities. The proportion of styryl radicals trapped in the vitrified matrix was found to be markedly higher than the proportion predicted from the proportion of styrene monomer in the feed resin or from the copolymerization rate constants, due to the higher mobility of styrene relative to the methacrylate groups. Increased isothermal cure temperature resulted in a raised polymerization rate, increased conversion, and a decreased final concentration of radicals. This was attributed to the effects of an increase in the propagation rate and the bimolecular termination rate. The proportion of styryl radicals trapped in the vitrified matrix was found to increase with raised isothermal cure temperature because the fraction of styrene reacting increased relative to the methacrylate groups. The concentration of radicals released by photocleavage of the photoinitiator was sufficient to account for the increase in the concentration of radicals even after the sample entered the vitrification region. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cook, WD (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, POB 69 M, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Bowman, Christopher/B-1490-2008; Cook, Wayne/A-4787-2012; OI Bowman, Christopher/0000-0001-8458-7723; Forsythe, John/0000-0003-2849-229X NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 12 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 16 BP 6066 EP 6074 DI 10.1021/ma0259721 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 709MB UT WOS:000184628000028 ER PT J AU Kaji, H Miura, N Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Kaji, H Miura, N Schmidt-Rohr, K TI Rotational motions in atactic poly(acrylonitrile) studied by one- and two-dimensional N-15 solid-state NMR and dielectric measurements SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; C-13 NMR; POLYACRYLONITRILE FIBERS; RELAXATION; TRANSITION; CONFORMATION; POLYETHYLENE; DYNAMICS; PHASE; THERMOMETER AB The dynamics of atactic poly(acrylonitrile) (aPAN) have been investigated by variable-temperature N-15 chemical shift anisotropy (CSA), two-dimensional 2D N-15 CSA exchange, and 2D N-15 pure-exchange NMR experiments on an aPAN sample with 100% N-15-labeled nitrile side groups and by dielectric measurements. In contrast to the dynamics below 110 degreesC, where only small-angle motions are observed with an activation energy E-a = 68 kJ mol(-1), it is found that large-amplitude motions with Ea = 180 kJ mol(-1) set in above 110 degreesC. From the detailed analysis of the NMR spectra, it is found that aPAN undergoes restricted uniaxial rotational diffusion motion around the chain axis above 110 degreesC. The 2D spectra prove that there is a distribution of amplitudes of these restricted motions. The standard deviation of the amplitude distribution increases from 30degrees to 100degrees in the temperature range 120-140 degreesC. At the highest temperature, there is strong evidence of dynamic averaging within the distribution of angles between the CdropN bond and the fiber axis. The experimental findings indicate that the motion occurs in the disordered pseudohexagonal lattice and thus favor a single-phase model for aPAN. An alternative explanation by crankshaft motion can be ruled out mainly by the small gauche content of 10%, which is confirmed by variable-temperature C-13 CP/MAS experiments. The solid-state NMR results are in excellent agreement with those in dielectric relaxation experiments, where a relaxation peak of growing amplitude and frequency position is observed. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, PRESTO, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kaji, H (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 12 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 16 BP 6100 EP 6113 DI 10.1021/ma0341420 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 709MB UT WOS:000184628000033 ER PT J AU Lu, H Schaff, WJ Eastman, LF Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Cimalla, V Ambacher, O AF Lu, H Schaff, WJ Eastman, LF Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Cimalla, V Ambacher, O TI Growth of a-plane InN on r-plane sapphire with a GaN buffer by molecular-beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; THIN-FILMS; QUANTUM-WELLS; FIELDS AB We report heteroepitaxial growth of InN on r-plane sapphire substrates with an AlN nucleation layer and GaN buffer using plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The InN film was identified to be nonpolar (11 (2) over bar0) a-plane which follows the a-plane GaN buffer. Optical absorption and photoluminescence measurements of this material show that InN has a fundamental band gap of about 0.7 eV, which is also seen for growth on c-plane sapphire. The room-temperature Hall mobility of undoped a-plane InN is around 250 cm(2)/V s with a carrier concentration around 6x10(18) cm(-3). We also studied the electrical properties of the a-plane InN as a function of film thickness. In contrast to c-plane InN grown on c-plane sapphire, we did not observe apparent improvement of electrical properties of a-plane InN by growing thicker films. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Ilmenau, Ctr Micro & Nanotechnol, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany. RP Lu, H (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148 NR 18 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1136 EP 1138 DI 10.1063/1.1599634 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 708QV UT WOS:000184580600026 ER PT J AU Swift, DC Ackland, GJ AF Swift, DC Ackland, GJ TI Quantum mechanical predictions of nonscalar equations of state and nonmonotonic elastic stress-strain relations SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE AB In continuum mechanics, the isotropic part of the stress deviator (mean pressure) is routinely assumed to depend on the isotropic part of the strain deviator (compression). This assumption was tested using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations of elastic stress as a function of elastic strain and compression. Except for face-centered-cubic elements, the mean pressure varied significantly with shear strain as well as compression. In general, the shear stress did not increase monotonically with elastic shear strain. These phenomena may be important when comparing experimental data obtained on different time scales, particularly when interpreting dynamic response data from short-pulse laser experiments. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-24 Plasma Phys,MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dswift@lanl.gov RI Ackland, Graeme/H-2215-2015 OI Ackland, Graeme/0000-0002-1205-7675 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1153 DI 10.1063/1.1599043 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 708QV UT WOS:000184580600031 ER PT J AU Klie, RF Browning, ND Chowdhuri, AR Takoudis, CG AF Klie, RF Browning, ND Chowdhuri, AR Takoudis, CG TI Analysis of ultrathin SiO2 interface layers in chemical vapor deposition of Al2O3 on Si by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; GATE DIELECTRICS; THIN-FILMS; PLASMA; STEM AB The development of Al2O3 as an alternative gate dielectric for microelectronic applications depends on the ability to grow a high-quality nanoscale thin film that forms an atomically abrupt interface with Si. Here, the combination of in situ Z-contrast imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of amorphous Al2O3 films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition shows that excess oxygen incorporated into the film routinely reacts with the Si substrate to form an amorphous SiO2 interface layer during postdeposition annealing. The intrinsic oxygen-rich environment of all films grown by such techniques and the necessity of postdeposition processing in device applications implies that control and optimization of the SiO2 interface layers could be of utmost interest for high-kappa dielectric stacked structures. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1189 DI 10.1063/1.1597415 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 708QV UT WOS:000184580600043 ER PT J AU Caughman, JBO Baylor, LR Guillorn, MA Merkulov, VI Lowndes, DH Allard, LF AF Caughman, JBO Baylor, LR Guillorn, MA Merkulov, VI Lowndes, DH Allard, LF TI Growth of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers by low-pressure inductively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOTUBES AB Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) have been grown using a low-pressure, plasma-enhanced, chemical vapor deposition process. The nanofibers are grown from a nickel catalyst that can be patterned to form arrays of individual, isolated VACNFs. The fibers are grown at pressures below 100 mTorr, using an inductively coupled plasma source with a radio-frequency bias on the sample substrate to allow for independent control of the ion energies. Plasma conditions are related to growth results by comparing optical emission from the plasma to the physical structure of the nanofibers. We find that the ratio of etching species in the plasma to depositing species is critical to the final shape of the carbon structures that are formed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Caughman, JBO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1209 DI 10.1063/1.1597981 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 708QV UT WOS:000184580600050 ER EF