FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lipton, AS Bergquist, C Parkin, G Ellis, PD AF Lipton, AS Bergquist, C Parkin, G Ellis, PD TI Solid-state Zn-67 NMR spectroscopic studies and ab initio molecular orbital calculations on a synthetic analogue of carbonic anhydrase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ZINC ENZYMES; BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN; RELAXATION; RESOLUTION; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS; SITE AB The tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborato zinc complexes [Tp(But,Me)]ZnX (where X = Br, Cl, and OH) have been examined by low-temperature solid-state Zn-67 NMR spectroscopy. The value of the quadrupole coupling constant, Cq, for the zinc increased monotonically with the electronegativity of the bound substituent X, e.g., Br < Cl much less than OH. Calculations on the methylimidazole complex [(MeImH)(3)Zn(OH)](+) as a model for the active site of carbonic anhydrase indicate that the computed electric field gradient tensor is in good agreement with the experimental and calculated values for [Tp(But,Me)]ZnOH. C1 Pacific NW Nat Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Macromol Struct & Dynam Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Parkin, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Nat Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Macromol Struct & Dynam Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM46502, GM26295] NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 13 BP 3768 EP 3772 DI 10.1021/ja021328q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 660YM UT WOS:000181863200031 PM 12656608 ER PT J AU Scheibe, TD Wood, BD AF Scheibe, TD Wood, BD TI A particle-based model of size or anion exclusion with application to microbial transport in porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE exclusion; groundwater; transport; bacteria; particle; model ID ALLUVIAL GRAVEL AQUIFER; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; VIRUS TRANSPORT; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; SANDY AQUIFER; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; INTACT CORES; VIRGINIA AB [1] This paper presents a novel approach to the representation of pore-scale exclusion processes, based on the truncation of the distribution of local dispersive displacements in a random-walk particle model. This approach increases the mean velocity of colloidal-sized particles relative to inert solute tracers, and decreases the apparent dispersion. An equivalent continuum model, with modified velocity and dispersion parameters, is also derived. Both the particle and the equivalent continuum models are applied to the results of laboratory experiments on bacterial transport in intact cores from a research site near Oyster, Virginia. The particle-based model requires only modest truncation (8% maximum) of the particle velocity distribution function to closely reproduce the significant observed decrease in bacterial arrival times relative to a bromide tracer. The approach provides a conceptually appealing and consistent means of incorporating the exclusion process into groundwater transport models. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Scheibe, TD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Wood, Brian/K-4025-2012; Wood, Brian/J-8362-2013 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; Wood, Brian/0000-0003-3152-7852; Wood, Brian/0000-0003-3152-7852 NR 75 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 AR 1080 DI 10.1029/2001WR001223 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 667QZ UT WOS:000182245400002 ER PT J AU Lorenz, J AF Lorenz, J TI Writing for the AAPG Bulletin: We're not literary giants, but we can try to be SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lorenz, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD APR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 4 BP 529 EP 533 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 663VP UT WOS:000182027300001 ER PT J AU Pinar, A Liu, CL AF Pinar, A Liu, CL TI Compacting sequences with invariant transition frequencies SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DESIGN AUTOMATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE algorithms; performance; sequence compaction; power estimation; graph algorithms ID POWER ESTIMATION AB Simulation-based power estimation is commonly used for its high accuracy despite excessive computation times. Techniques have been proposed to speed it up by compacting an input sequence while preserving its power-consumption characteristics. We propose a novel method to compact a sequence that preserves transition frequencies. We prove the problem is NP-complete, and propose a graph model to reduce it to that of finding a heaviest-weighted trail, and a heuristic utilizing this model. We also propose using multiple sequences for better accuracy with even shorter sequences. Experiments show that power dissipation can be estimated with an error of only 2.3%, while simulation times are reduced by 10. Proposed methods generate solutions that effectively preserve transition frequencies and that are very close to optimal. Experiments also show that multiple sequences grant more accurate results with even shorter sequences. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50F, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM apinar@lbl.gov; liucl@mx.nthu.edu.tw NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1084-4309 EI 1557-7309 J9 ACM T DES AUTOMAT EL JI ACM Transact. Des. Automat. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2003 VL 8 IS 2 BP 214 EP 221 DI 10.1145/762488.762492 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 665NA UT WOS:000182126100004 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Geiser, U AF Schlueter, JA Geiser, U TI catena-Poly[[diaquamanganese(II)]-di-mu-1,1,3,3-tetracyano-2-ethoxyprope nido-kappa N-4(1): N-3] SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CATION-RADICAL SALTS; POLYCYANO ANIONS AB The crystal structure of the title compound, [Mn(C9H5N4O)(2)(H2O)(2)], conventionally denoted Mn(EtO-TCA)(2)(H2O)(2), where EtO-TCA is 2-ethoxy-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenide, is described. The EtO-TCA anions bridge Mn-II centers through one of the nitrile N atoms of each of their two dicyanomethanide groups, thus forming dibridged chains along ab. These chains are linked into two-dimensional sheets through hydrogen bonding. The seven-atom bridge, which results in a long Mn...Mn intrachain interaction [9.0044 (4) Angstrom], as well as the large interchain separations [8.3288 (4) and 8.5220 (4) Angstrom] prohibit long-range magnetic ordering down to temperatures as low as 1.55 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD APR PY 2003 VL 59 BP M146 EP M148 DI 10.1107/S0108270103004360 PN 4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 673BY UT WOS:000182560600015 PM 12682396 ER PT J AU Baker, T Dauter, Z AF Baker, T Dauter, Z TI DNA and beyond SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. NCI, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Baker, T (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 59 BP 619 EP 619 DI 10.1107/S0907444903005900 PN 4 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 660CE UT WOS:000181815600001 ER PT J AU Holbrook, EL Schulze-Gahmen, U Buchko, GW Ni, SS Kennedy, MA Holbrook, SR AF Holbrook, EL Schulze-Gahmen, U Buchko, GW Ni, SS Kennedy, MA Holbrook, SR TI Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of two nudix hydrolases from Deninococcus radiodurans SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIADENOSINE TETRAPHOSPHATE HYDROLASE; DEINOCOCCUS RADIODURANS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REVEALS; PYROPHOSPHOHYDROLASE; COMPLEX; ENZYMES; PROTEIN; FAMILY AB Two nudix hydrolases from Deinococcus radiodurans have been purified and crystallized. Diffraction data have been collected to 1.4 and 1.9 Angstrom resolution for DR1025 and DR0079, respectively. DR1025 belongs to space group P4(1)2(1)2/P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 53.2, c = 122.6 Angstrom (unit-cell volume 346 883 Angstrom(3), V-M = 2.5 Angstrom(3) Da(-1), solvent content 50.2%). DR0079 belongs to space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 34.1, b = 157.2, c = 126.5 Angstrom (unit-cell volume 677 308 Angstrom(3), V-M = 2.2 Angstrom(3) Da(-1), solvent content 44.0%). The calculated cell content of DR1025 indicates the presence of one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Dynamic light scattering and gel filtration suggest it to be a dimer in solution. The space group and unit-cell parameters of DR0079 indicate the presence of two molecules per asymmetric unit. Gel filtration and NMR spectroscopy suggest it to be a monomer in solution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Biol Struct, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holbrook, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Biol Struct, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srholbrook@lbl.gov RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015 OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 59 BP 737 EP 740 DI 10.1107/S0907444903002671 PN 4 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 660CE UT WOS:000181815600019 PM 12657797 ER PT J AU Tolhurst, VA Cookson, D Turner, P AF Tolhurst, VA Cookson, D Turner, P TI A synchrotron study of mu(3)-chloro-tri-mu-chloro-mu(3)-sulfido-hexakis(triphenylphospine) triruthenium(II)-tetrahydrofuran-water (1/1.25/0.75) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Crystal Struct Anal Facil, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Chem, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, ChemMatCARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Turner, P (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Crystal Struct Anal Facil, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD APR PY 2003 VL 59 BP M218 EP M219 DI 10.1107/S1600536803006573 PN 4 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 662DN UT WOS:000181931100037 ER PT J AU Swiatecki, WJ Siwek-Wilczynska, K Wilczynski, J AF Swiatecki, WJ Siwek-Wilczynska, K Wilczynski, J TI Fusion by diffusion SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Zakopane Meeting of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 03-10, 2002 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; DYNAMICS; FISSION; MODEL AB We present a theoretical interpretation of the cross sections to produce elements with atomic numbers Z = 102-118, in bombardments of a Pb-208 target with projectiles ranging from Ca-48 to Kr-86. The formation cross section is taken to be the product of three factors: the cross section for the projectile and target to stick, the probability for the resulting composite nucleus to reach the compound nucleus configuration by diffusion, and the probability for the latter to survive fission and to emit only one neutron. The first and third factors are treated according to more or less conventional formulae, whilst the middle one is based on the statistical (Brownian-like) diffusion of probability over a barrier in the form of an inverted parabola. The early dynamics of the neck growth is replaced by an assumption of a rapid injection into a macroscopically calculated asymmetric fission valley, after which the diffusion process begins. The measured cross sections can be reproduced fairly well by introducing an assumption about the separation between the surfaces of the approaching nuclei at which injection takes place. The optimum bombarding energies corresponding to the peaks of the excitation functions can be predicted by an elementary 'optimum energy rule', and the narrow widths of the measured excitation functions are readily accounted for. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. RP Swiatecki, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 2049 EP 2071 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 679HJ UT WOS:000182914400002 ER PT J AU Butler, PA Humphreys, RD Greenlees, PT Herzberg, RD Jenkins, DG Jones, GD Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Rahkila, P Scholey, C Uusitalo, J Amzal, N Andreoiu, C Andreyev, A Appelbe, D Bastin, JE Brew, PMT Eskola, K Freeman, SJ Gerl, J Hammond, NJ Hauschild, K Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Hurstel, A Ikin, PJC Jones, PM Joss, DT Julin, R Juutinen, S Keenan, A Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Muikku, M Nieminen, P Odegard, SW Page, RD Page, T Pakarinen, J Reiter, P Simpson, J Sletten, G Theisen, C Varley, BJ Wollersheim, HJ AF Butler, PA Humphreys, RD Greenlees, PT Herzberg, RD Jenkins, DG Jones, GD Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Rahkila, P Scholey, C Uusitalo, J Amzal, N Andreoiu, C Andreyev, A Appelbe, D Bastin, JE Brew, PMT Eskola, K Freeman, SJ Gerl, J Hammond, NJ Hauschild, K Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Hurstel, A Ikin, PJC Jones, PM Joss, DT Julin, R Juutinen, S Keenan, A Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Muikku, M Nieminen, P Odegard, SW Page, RD Page, T Pakarinen, J Reiter, P Simpson, J Sletten, G Theisen, C Varley, BJ Wollersheim, HJ TI High K bands in mid-supershell nuclei SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 03-10, 2002 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID HEAVIEST ELEMENTS; HEAVY-ELEMENTS; IN-BEAM; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; NO-254; FISSION; ISOMERS AB The spectrum of prompt conversion electrons emitted by excited. No-254 nuclei has been measured, revealing discrete lines arising from transitions within the ground state band. A striking feature is a broad distribution that peaks near 100 keV and comprises high multiplicity electron cascades, probably originating from M1 transitions within rotational bands built on high K states. Evidence for the existence of isomeric states in 254 No is presented. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. CLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. RI Pakarinen, Janne/F-6695-2010; Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015; OI Pakarinen, Janne/0000-0001-8944-8757; Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022; KORTEN, Wolfram/0000-0002-3940-0816; Hammond, Neil/0000-0001-6390-8874; Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 2107 EP 2117 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 679HJ UT WOS:000182914400006 ER PT J AU Lopez-Martens, A Hannachi, F Korichi, A Dossing, T Herskind, B Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T AF Lopez-Martens, A Hannachi, F Korichi, A Dossing, T Herskind, B Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T TI Decay from superdeformed states in the mass 190 region SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Zakopane Meeting of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 03-10, 2002 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID EXCITATION-ENERGIES; ROTATIONAL BANDS; PB-194; QUADRUPOLE; PARITY; HG-194; CHAOS; SPINS AB We report on the experimental results (past and present) concerning the decay from superdeformed states in the mass 190 region and on the two extreme theoretical approaches used to model the process. These two approaches can be combined into one using a chaoticity parameter. The possibilities of studying order-to-chaos properties of normally deformed states are discussed and illustrated by the analysis of the primary decay-out strength distribution in Hg-194. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lopez-Martens, A (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, Bat 104-108 Campus Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 2195 EP 2205 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 679HJ UT WOS:000182914400017 ER PT J AU Krolas, W Grzywacz, R Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Gross, CJ Fong, D Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Hwang, JK Larochelle, Y Lewis, TA Maier, KH McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Tantawy, MN Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF Kruppa, AT Nazarewicz, W Vertse, T AF Krolas, W Grzywacz, R Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Gross, CJ Fong, D Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Hwang, JK Larochelle, Y Lewis, TA Maier, KH McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Tantawy, MN Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF Kruppa, AT Nazarewicz, W Vertse, T TI First observation of excited states in Dy-140 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Zakopane Meeting of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 03-10, 2002 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID IDENTIFICATION; HO-141; BAND AB A new 7 mus isomer in the drip line nucleus Dy-140 was selected from the products of the Fe-54 (315 MeV) + Mo-92 reaction by a recoil mass spectrometer and studied with recoil-delayed gamma-gamma coincidences. Five cascading gamma transitions were interpreted as the decay of an I-pi = 8(-) {nu9/2(-)[514] circle times nu7/2(+)[404]} K isomer via the ground state band. C1 Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge High Sch, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Krolas, W (reprint author), Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013; OI Hwang, Jae-Kwang/0000-0002-4100-3473 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 2315 EP 2318 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 679HJ UT WOS:000182914400034 ER PT J AU Pfutzner, M Blank, B Giovinazzo, J Badura, E Bingham, C Borcea, C Brown, BA Chartier, M Czajkowski, S Santos, FD Fleury, A Geissel, H Grigorenko, LV Grzywacz, R Hellstrom, M Janas, Z Kurcewicz, J Lalleman, AS Lewitowicz, M Jimenez, MJL Maslov, V Mazzocchi, C Mukha, I Munzenberg, G Plettner, C Pravikoff, MS Roeckl, E Rykaczfwski, KP Schmidt, K Simon, RS Stanoiu, M Thomas, JC AF Pfutzner, M Blank, B Giovinazzo, J Badura, E Bingham, C Borcea, C Brown, BA Chartier, M Czajkowski, S Santos, FD Fleury, A Geissel, H Grigorenko, LV Grzywacz, R Hellstrom, M Janas, Z Kurcewicz, J Lalleman, AS Lewitowicz, M Jimenez, MJL Maslov, V Mazzocchi, C Mukha, I Munzenberg, G Plettner, C Pravikoff, MS Roeckl, E Rykaczfwski, KP Schmidt, K Simon, RS Stanoiu, M Thomas, JC TI Discovery of the two-proton decay of Fe-45 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Zakopane Meeting of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 03-10, 2002 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID 2-PROTON RADIOACTIVITY; RICH NUCLEI; EMISSION; NI-49 AB In experiments performed at the GSI Fragment Separator and at the GANIL SISSI-LISE3 facility the decay of Fe-45 has been investigated. Implantation events of Fe-45 ions, stopped in silicon telescopes, were correlated with radioactive decay events. The decay energy spectra exhibit a peak of an average energy of (1.14 +/- 0.05) MeV. This observation, together with the non-observation of coincident gamma or beta events, represent clear evidence for the two-proton ground state decay of Fe-45. The average half-life of Fe-45, deduced from both experiments, is T-1/2 = 3.8(-0.8)(+2.0) ms. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. IAP, Bucharest Magurele, Bucharest, Romania. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. GANIL, F-14021 Caen, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Pfutzner, M (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. OI Mukha, Ivan/0000-0003-3072-5670 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 2363 EP 2371 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 679HJ UT WOS:000182914400040 ER PT J AU Seweryniak, D Davids, CN Heinz, A Mukherjee, G Woods, PJ Davinson, T Mahmud, H Munro, P Robinson, A Ressler, JJ Shergur, J Walters, WB Wohr, A AF Seweryniak, D Davids, CN Heinz, A Mukherjee, G Woods, PJ Davinson, T Mahmud, H Munro, P Robinson, A Ressler, JJ Shergur, J Walters, WB Wohr, A TI Proton emitters: A laboratory for detailed nuclear structure studies beyond the drip line SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 03-10, 2002 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI; FINE-STRUCTURE; DECAY AB The structure of nuclei situated far from the line of 0 stability is presently one of the major thrusts in nuclear physics. The phenomenon of proton emission offers a unique opportunity to study nuclei beyond the proton dripline. Within the last decade proton-decay studies have been transformed from a curiosity into a powerful spectroscopic tool. Experimental effort has resulted in the observation of deformed proton emitters, the discovery of proton-decay fine structure and the observation of excited states in several proton emitters. Thank to continuous progress in experimental techniques the body of data on proton emission is steadily increasing. Several theoretical models have been developed to quantitatively reproduce proton-decay widths. The role of Coriolis mixing, non-axial degrees of freedom, proton-neutron interaction, coupling to core vibrations are some of the aspects currently under investigation. This paper discusses recent progress on the understanding of proton decay. It will be illustrated by experimental results obtained at the Argonne National Laboratory within the last 2 years. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 2419 EP 2428 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 679HJ UT WOS:000182914400049 ER PT J AU Prochniak, L Quentin, P Samsoen, D Libert, J AF Prochniak, L Quentin, P Samsoen, D Libert, J TI Quadrupole collective excitations in medium heavy transitional nuclei within a selfconsistent approach with Skyrme forces SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Zakopane Meeting of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 03-10, 2002 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID HARTREE-FOCK APPROXIMATION; GENERATOR-COORDINATE METHOD; MASS PARAMETERS; ISOTOPES; STATES; DYNAMICS; MOTION; MODEL; BANDS AB We present an attempt to describe collective quadrupole excitations in medium heavy transitional nuclei starting from HF-BCS approach with Skyrme SIII forces. The collective dynamics is treated through the Bohr Hamiltonian with mass parameters and moments of inertia calculated microscopically in the cranking approximation. Theoretical energy levels and B(E2) transition probabilities for Zr-102, Mo-104, Ru-110, Pd-110, Xe-124 and Ba-126 nuclei are compared with experiment. C1 Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. LANL, T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. RP Prochniak, L (reprint author), Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Pl M Curie Sklodowskiej 1, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. RI Prochniak, Leszek/B-6943-2013 OI Prochniak, Leszek/0000-0002-6577-6438 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 2461 EP 2466 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 679HJ UT WOS:000182914400056 ER PT J AU Herskind, B Benzoni, G Wilson, JN Dossing, T Hagemann, GB Sletten, G Hansen, CR Jensen, DR Bracco, A Camera, F Leoni, S Mason, P Wieland, O Maj, A Brekiesz, M Kmiecik, M Hubel, H Bringel, P Neusser, A Singh, AK Diamond, RM Clark, RM Cromaz, M Fallon, P Gorgen, A Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Hannachi, F Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Byrski, T Curien, D Bednarczyk, P Dudek, J Amro, H Ma, WC Lisle, J Odegard, S Petrache, C Petrache, D Steinhardt, T Thelen, O AF Herskind, B Benzoni, G Wilson, JN Dossing, T Hagemann, GB Sletten, G Hansen, CR Jensen, DR Bracco, A Camera, F Leoni, S Mason, P Wieland, O Maj, A Brekiesz, M Kmiecik, M Hubel, H Bringel, P Neusser, A Singh, AK Diamond, RM Clark, RM Cromaz, M Fallon, P Gorgen, A Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Hannachi, F Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Byrski, T Curien, D Bednarczyk, P Dudek, J Amro, H Ma, WC Lisle, J Odegard, S Petrache, C Petrache, D Steinhardt, T Thelen, O TI Hunting grounds for Jacobi transitions and hyperdeformations SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Zakopane School of Physics on Trends in Nuclear Physics CY SEP 03-10, 2002 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID ROTATING NUCLEI; SEARCH AB In recent attempts to search for exotic shapes, hyperdeformation (HD), and Jacobi transitions in Hf, Ba, Xe, Sn and Nd nuclei, ridge structures presumably originating from nuclei of very elongated shapes have been observed in Ba-126, with Gammasphere (GS) and in Xe-126, with Euroball-IV (EB-IV). After the promising results from GS, a second experiment in Ba-126 followed at EB-IV, taking advantage of the use of the BGO Inner Ball (IB) for selecting the highest spins. The decay of the Giant Dipole Resonances (GDR) is also studied, and the analysis in progress. The Quasi-continuum transitions in the Jacobi region, show a significant decrease in energy for both Ba-126 and Xe-126, compared to the Thomas-Fermi- and the LSD model predictions. Similar effects were recently found for other nuclei by Ward et al. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20122 Milan, Italy. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Bonn, ISKP, Bonn, Germany. LBNL, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, CSNSM, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS USA. Univ Manchester, Shuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy. Univ Cologne, IKP, Cologne, Germany. RP Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Petrache, Costel/E-9867-2012; DUDEK, Jerzy/A-3584-2013; CURIEN, Dominique/B-6718-2013; OI Petrache, Costel/0000-0001-8419-1390; DUDEK, Jerzy/0000-0001-5864-6339; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941; benzoni, giovanna/0000-0002-7938-0338 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 2467 EP 2480 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 679HJ UT WOS:000182914400057 ER PT J AU Rohr, T Ogletree, DF Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Rohr, T Ogletree, DF Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI Surface functionalization of thermoplastic polymers for the fabrication of microfluidic devices by photoinitiated grafting SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOGRAFTING PROCESS; POLYETHYLENE FILM; INITIATING PERFORMANCE; POROUS POLYMER; ACRYLIC-ACID; MONOMERS; UV; MICROFABRICATION; PHOTOLAMINATION; RADIATION AB Photografting has been used for the surface modification of a wide range of commercial commodity polymers such as polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(dimethyl siloxane), polycarbonate, Parylene C, polypropylene, cyclic olefin copolymer, and hydrogenated polystyrene that are useful substrate materials for the fabrication of microfluidic chips. Since the chain propagation is initiated after UV light-activated abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the surface of channels within the materials, their permeability for UV light was tested and polyolefins were found to be the best candidates. A number of monomers with a variety of functional groups such as perfluorinated, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, reactive, acidic, basic, and zwitterionic have been successfully grafted from the surface of selected substrates, and the grafting efficiency determined using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Layered surface structures were prepared by consecutive grafting of different monomers. Our approach also enables photolithographic patterning of surfaces and specific functionalization of confined areas within the microchannel. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rohr, T (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016; OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 32 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 6 U2 67 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD APR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1002/adfm.200304229 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 672XM UT WOS:000182549100002 ER PT J AU Lo, WC Sposito, G Majer, E AF Lo, WC Sposito, G Majer, E TI Immiscible two-phase fluid flows in deformable porous media (vol 25, pg 1105, 2002) SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geophys & Geomech, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sposito, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geophys & Geomech, Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gsposito@nature.berkeley.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 473 EP 473 AR PII S0309-1708(02)00050-7 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00007-1 PG 1 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 658EW UT WOS:000181709500011 ER PT J AU Roy, CJ AF Roy, CJ TI Grid convergence error analysis for mixed-order numerical schemes SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RICHARDSON EXTRAPOLATION; PERSPECTIVE; SHOCKS AB New developments are presented in the area of grid convergence error analysis for mixed-order numerical schemes. A mixed-order scheme is defined as a numerical method where the formal order of the truncation error varies either spatially, for example, at a shock wave, or for different terms in the governing equations, for example, third-order convection with second-order diffusion. The case examined is the Mach 8 inviscid flow of a calorically perfect gas over a spherically blunted cone. This flowfield contains a strong bow shock wave, where the formally second-order numerical scheme is reduced to first order via a flux-limiting procedure. The proposed mixed-order error analysis method allows for nonmonotonic behavior in the solution variables as the mesh is refined. Nonmonotonicity in the local solution variables is shown to arise from a cancellation of first- and second-order error terms for the present case. An error estimator is proposed based on the mixed-order analysis and is shown to provide good estimates of the actual error when the solution converges nonmonotonically with grid refinement. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cjroy@sandia.gov RI Roy, Christopher/C-5427-2013 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.2514/2.2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 663VW UT WOS:000182027900004 ER PT J AU Marzouk, YM Ghoniem, AF Najm, HN AF Marzouk, YM Ghoniem, AF Najm, HN TI Toward a flame embedding model for turbulent combustion simulation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSTEADY STRAIN-RATE; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; SEMIIMPLICIT NUMERICAL SCHEME; DIFFUSION FLAMES; PREMIXED FLAMES; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; REACTING FLOW; CURVATURE; EXTINCTION; CHEMISTRY AB Combustion in turbulent flows may take the form of a thin flame wrapped around vortical structures. For this regime, the flame embedding approach seeks to decouple computations of the "outer" nonreacting flow and the combustion zone by discretizing the flame surface into a number of elemental flames, each incorporating the local impact of unsteady How-flame interaction. An unsteady strained laminar flame solver, based on a boundary-layer approximation of combustion in a time-dependent stagnation-point potential How, is proposed as an elemental flame model. To validate the concept, two-dimensional simulations of premixed flame-vortex interactions are performed for a matrix of vortex strengths and length scales, and a section of the flame is selected for comparison with the flame embedding model results. Results show that using the flame leading-edge strain rate gives reasonable agreement in the cases of low strain rate and weak strain rate gradient within the flame structure. This agreement deteriorates substantially when both are high. We propose two different schemes, both based on averaging the strain rate across the flame structure, and demonstrate that agreement between the one-dimensional model and the two-dimensional simulation greatly improves when the actual strain rate at the reaction zone of the one-dimensional flame is made to match that of the two-dimensional flame. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marzouk, YM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Ghoniem, Ahmed/E-1106-2013 NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 641 EP 652 DI 10.2514/2.2018 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 663VW UT WOS:000182027900009 ER PT J AU Lucht, RP Velur-Natarajan, V Carter, CD Grinstead, KD Gord, JR Danehy, PM Fiechtner, GJ Farrow, RL AF Lucht, RP Velur-Natarajan, V Carter, CD Grinstead, KD Gord, JR Danehy, PM Fiechtner, GJ Farrow, RL TI Dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering temperature and CO(2) concentration measurements SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INFRARED ENERGY-LEVELS; MODELESS DYE-LASER; BROAD-BAND CARS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TURBULENT COMBUSTION; NOISE CHARACTERISTICS; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; SINGLE-MODE; SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN AB Measurements of temperature and CO(2) concentration using dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) are described. The measurements were performed in laboratory flames, in a room-temperature gas cell, and on an. engine test stand at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air, Force Base. A modeless dye laser, a single-mode Nd:YAG laser, and an unintensified back-illuminated charge-coupled device digital camera were used for these measurements. The CARS measurements were performed on a single-laser-shot basis. he standard deviations of the temperatures and CO(2) mole fractions determined from single-shot dual-pump CARS spectra in steady laminar propane/air flames were approximately 2 and 10% of the mean values of approximately K and 0:10, respectively. The precision and accuracy of single-shot temperature measurements obtained from the nitrogen part of the dual-pump CARS system were investigated in detail in near-adiabatic hydrogen/air/CO(2) flames. The precision. of the CARS temperature measurements was found to be comparable to the best results reported. In the literature for conventional two-laser, single-pump CARS. The application of dual-pump CARS for single.-shot measurements in,a swirl-stabilized combustor fueled with JP-8 was also demonstrated. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 585 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Lucht@purdue.edu NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 679 EP 686 DI 10.2514/2.1998 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 663VW UT WOS:000182027900013 ER PT J AU Gelderbloom, SJ Gidaspow, D Lyczkowski, RW AF Gelderbloom, SJ Gidaspow, D Lyczkowski, RW TI CFD simulations of bubbling/collapsing fluidized beds for three Geldart groups SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FINE POWDERS; DENSE PHASE; PARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; VOIDAGE; SYSTEMS; FLOW AB A multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was applied to a commonly used industrial experiment known as the collapsing fluidized-bed experiment. The experiment involves several hydrodynamic regimes including the bed expansion, bubbling, sedimentation, and consolidation of the fluidized bed. The CFD model is capable of predicting all four of these regimes. The three Geldart Groups, C, A, and B were simulated in a bubbling and subsequently collapsing fluidized bed. Results show that hydrodynamic Models A and B, the use of the modified Ergun equation or the MFIX code drag models, and solids theology have limited impact on the bubbling- and collapsing-bed simulations. The major finding of this study is that the solids modulus, G, is the controlling parameter during the consolidation regime. The simulated bubble sizes and bed collapse rates for all three Geldart groups were found to be within reported experimental error. The computed high turbulent intensity of Geldart Group A particles also agrees with data in the literature measured using an acoustic shot noise probe. It is also demonstrated that the traditional interpretation of the collapsing bed as consisting of separate bubble escape and sedimentation regimes is incorrect and that, in fact, they occur simultaneously. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Lyczkowski, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 38 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 844 EP 858 DI 10.1002/aic.690490405 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 668PG UT WOS:000182301900004 ER PT J AU Greene, GA Finfrock, CC AF Greene, GA Finfrock, CC TI Short-term solubility of eight alloys circulating in mercury at room temperature SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Greene, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1069 DI 10.1002/aic.690490424 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 668PG UT WOS:000182301900023 ER PT J AU Juillot, F Morin, G Ildefonse, P Trainor, TP Benedetti, M Galoisy, L Calas, G Brown, GE AF Juillot, F Morin, G Ildefonse, P Trainor, TP Benedetti, M Galoisy, L Calas, G Brown, GE TI Occurrence of Zn/Al hydrotalcite in smelter-impacted soils from northern France: Evidence from EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; CONTAMINATED SOILS; ARSENIC SPECIATION; MINE TAILINGS; QUANTITATIVE SPECIATION; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; NICKEL SORPTION; OXIDE MINERALS; GAMMA-ALUMINA AB Zinc speciation was studied by EXAFS spectroscopy, mu-SXRF elemental mapping, XRD, and chemical extraction methods in two smelter-impacted soils sampled near one of the largest Pb and Zn processing plants in Europe, which is located in northern France about 50 km south of Lille. The tilled and wooded soils chosen for study differ in Zn concentration (approximate to600 and 1400 mg/kg, respectively), soil pH (7.5 and 5.5, respectively), and organic matter content (1.5 and 6.4 wt% TOC, respectively). In both soils, the occurrence of Fe- and Zn-rich (up to 10 wt% Zn) slag particles ranging in size from a few micrometers to a few millimeters, was shown by mu-SXRF elemental mapping of soil thin sections as well as by SEM and chemical analysis of different soil size fractions. For both soils, XRD analysis of the dense coarse fraction, which contains up to 10 wt% Zn, revealed the presence of a minor amount (1-1.5 wt%) of crystalline ZnS (sphalerite and wurtzite). In this fraction, EXAFS data show that Zn is mainly incorporated in the tetrahedral sites of a magi netite-franklinite solid solution. The clay fraction (<2 mum) represents the largest pool of Zn in both soils, with 77 and 62% of the total Zn in the tilled and wooded soils, respectively. However, XRD was not able to detect any Zn-bearing phases in this fraction. Comparison of Zn K-EXAFS data of untreated and chemically treated samples from the bulk (<2 mm) and the clay (<2 gm) soil fractions with Zn K-EXAFS data from more than 30 model compounds suggests that Zn is present in the following chemical forms: (1) Zn outer-sphere complexes, (2) Zn-organic matter inner-sphere complexes, (3) Zn/Al-hydrotalcite (Zn/Al-HTLC), (4) phyllosilicates in which Zn is present in the dioctahedral layer at dilute levels, and (5) magnetite-franklinite solid solutions inherited from the smelting process. The presence of exchangeable Zn outer-sphere complexes and of Zn inner-sphere complexes on organic matter is indicated by the relative increase of second-neighbor contributions in the EXAFS RDFs after chemical treatments with 0.01 M CaCl2 and 0.1 M Na4P2O7. The occurrence of Zn/Al-HTLC is demonstrated by the persistence of a Zn-Zn pair correlation at 3.10+/-0.04 Angstrom (i.e., edge sharing ZnO6 octahedra in the trioctahedral layer structure) in EXAFS data of Na4P2O7 treated soil samples and its disappearance after treatment with 0.45 M HNO3. This latter treatment also revealed the occurrence of Zn-bearing phyllosilicate minerals, as shown by two Zn-Mg/Al/Si pair correlations at 3.05 +/- 0.04 Angstrom and 3.26 +/- 0.04 Angstrom, and of magnetite-franklinite solid solutions, as indicated by a Zn-Mn/Fe/Zn pair correlation at 3.50 +/- 0.04 Angstrom. Significant changes in the relative proportions of the different forms of Zn between the two soils explain their different responses to chemical treatments and emphasizes the relationships between solid state speciation and mobility of Zn in soils. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7047, Lab Geochim & Metallogenie, F-75252 Paris 05, France. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Juillot, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Benedetti, Marc/A-5463-2011; Calas, Georges/B-2445-2012; JUILLOT, Farid/G-7943-2016 OI Benedetti, Marc/0000-0003-1075-8205; Calas, Georges/0000-0003-0525-5734; NR 83 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 28 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2003 VL 88 IS 4 BP 509 EP 526 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 667CZ UT WOS:000182214400005 ER PT J AU Cross, JB Currier, RP Torraco, DJ Vanderberg, LA Wagner, GL Gladen, PD AF Cross, JB Currier, RP Torraco, DJ Vanderberg, LA Wagner, GL Gladen, PD TI Killing of Bacillus spores by aqueous dissolved oxygen, ascorbic acid, and copper ions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPORICIDAL ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL GERMICIDES; PRION PROTEIN; METAL-IONS; TRANSPORT; DNA; SUBTILIS; DAMAGE; IRON AB An approach to decontamination of biological endospores is discussed. Specifically, the performance of an aqueous modified Fenton reagent is examined. A modified Fenton reagent formulation of cupric chloride, ascorbic acid, and sodium chloride is shown to be an effective sporicide under aerobic conditions. The traditional Fenton reaction involves the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radical by aqueous ionic catalysts such as the transition metal ions. Our modified Fenton reaction involves the conversion of aqueous dissolved oxygen to hydrogen peroxide by an ionic catalyst (Cu2+) and then subsequent conversion to hydroxyl radicals. Results are given for the modified Fenton reagent deactivating spores of Bacillus globigii. A biocidal mechanism is proposed that is consistent with our experimental results and independently derived information found in the literature. This mechanism requires diffusion of relatively benign species into the interior of the spore, where dissolved O-2 is then converted through a series of reactions which ultimately produce hydroxyl radicals that perform the killing action. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Currier, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 2245 EP 2252 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.4.2245-2252.2003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 665ZU UT WOS:000182151800049 PM 12676707 ER PT J AU El Fantroussi, S Urakawa, H Bernhard, AE Kelly, JJ Noble, PA Smidt, H Yershov, GM Stahl, DA AF El Fantroussi, S Urakawa, H Bernhard, AE Kelly, JJ Noble, PA Smidt, H Yershov, GM Stahl, DA TI Direct profiling of environmental microbial populations by thermal dissociation analysis of native rRNAs hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE PROBES; GENES; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA; BACTERIOPLANKTON; DIVERSITY; DATABASE AB Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to profile directly extracted rRNA from environmental microbial populations without PCR amplification. In our initial inspection of two distinct estuarine study sites, the hybridization patterns were reproducible and varied between estuarine sediments of differing salinities. The determination of a thermal dissociation curve (i.e., melting profile) for each probe-target duplex provided information on hybridization specificity, which is essential for confirming adequate discrimination between target and nontarget sequences. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Stahl, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 302 More Hall,Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Noble, Peter/A-8117-2008; Urakawa, Hidetoshi/B-1337-2013; OI Noble, Peter/0000-0002-6013-2588; Urakawa, Hidetoshi/0000-0003-3748-6027; Smidt, Hauke/0000-0002-6138-5026; Kelly, John/0000-0002-0894-137X NR 28 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 2377 EP 2382 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.4.2377-2382.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 665ZU UT WOS:000182151800066 PM 12676724 ER PT J AU Freedman, VL Saripalli, KP Meyer, PD AF Freedman, VL Saripalli, KP Meyer, PD TI Influence of mineral precipitation and dissolution on hydrologic properties of porous media in static and dynamic systems SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE TRANSPORT; MODEL AB A critical component in determining the suitability of disposing glassified, low activity waste is the identification of key mineral assemblages affecting the porosity and permeability of both the glass and near- and far-field materials. In this study, two different classes of geochemical models are used to identify mineral precipitation and dissolution potentials for an immobilized low-activity waste (ILAW) disposal facility in Hanford, Washington. The first is a static geochemical model that does not consider the effects of transport. The second model is dynamic, and combines geochemical reactions with hydrogeological processes such as advection, diffusion and dispersion. This reactive transport model also includes an innovative application of a depositional film model for determining changes in permeability due to mineral precipitation and dissolution reactions. Although both models describe solid-aqueous phase reactions kinetically, the two models identify two different sets of mineral assemblages affecting the porosity and permeability of the media. These markedly different results are due to transport considerations, the most significant of which are the spatial variability in aqueous concentrations, and advection and diffusion of dissolved glass constituents into the backfill materials. This work shows that for the prediction of geochemical behavior of engineered systems, such as the ILAW disposal facility, the traditional reaction path modeling approach is not sufficient for an accurate assessment of the precipitation of key mineral assemblages and their effect on the geochemical and hydraulic behavior of the waste glass. Reactive transport modeling improves this assessment significantly. The static model is useful in identifying potential minerals to be included in the reactive transport simulations. The dynamic model, however, ultimately determines the key mineral assemblages affecting both the geochemical behavior and the hydraulic properties of the waste glass in the presence of a flowing aqueous phase. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saripalli, KP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 1318 Sigma V Complex,K6-81, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 589 EP 606 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00116-6 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 655VE UT WOS:000181572700008 ER PT J AU Arakawa, ET Lavrik, NV Datskos, PG AF Arakawa, ET Lavrik, NV Datskos, PG TI Detection of anthrax simulants with microcalorimetric spectroscopy: Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spores SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; 2.5 MU M; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BACTERIAL-SPORES; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; BIOTERRORISM AB Recent advances in the development of ultrasensitive micromechanical thermal detectors have led to the advent of novel subfemtojoule microcalorimetric spectroscopy (CalSpec). On the basis of principles of photothermal IR spectroscopy combined with efficient thermomechanical transduction, CalSpec provides acquisition of vibrational spectra of microscopic samples and absorbates. We use CalSpec as a method of identifying nanogram quantities of biological micro-organisms. Our studies focus on Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spores as simulants for Bacillus anthracis spores. Using CalSpec, we measured IR spectra of B. subtilis and B. cereus spores present on surfaces in nanogram quantities (approximately 100-1000 spores). The spectra acquired in the wavelength range of 690-4000 cm(-1) (2.5-14.5 mum) contain information-rich vibrational signatures that reflect the different ratios of biochemical makeup of the micro-organisms. The distinctive features in the spectra obtained for the two types of microorganism can be used to distinguish between the spores of the Bacillus family. As compared with conventional IR and Fourier-transform IR microscopic spectroscopy techniques, the advantages of the present technique include significantly improved sensitivity (at least a full order of magnitude), absence of expensive IR detectors, and excellent potential for miniaturization. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Arakawa, ET (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009,Bldg 9102-2, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pgd@ornl.gov RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1757 EP 1762 DI 10.1364/AO.42.001757 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 661ED UT WOS:000181877500001 PM 12683752 ER PT J AU Tang, YL Branagan, DJ Miller, DJ Kramer, MJ McCallum, RW AF Tang, YL Branagan, DJ Miller, DJ Kramer, MJ McCallum, RW TI Microstructure evolution in Pr-Co-C-Ti nanophase magnets SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE; PRCO5 AB The microstructures of nanophase Pr-Co-C-(Ti) materials, which have improved magnetic properties, were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal their phase assemblage and grain-boundary structure. The phase assemblage was carefully controlled by the introduction of TiC nanoparticles and annealing. The optimal nanostructure contained uniformly distributed PrCo5 and PrCo2 nanophases without any magnetically soft phases, resulting in high coercivity and the characteristics of a single, hard magnetic phase. TEM analysis confirmed the presence of an amorphous grain-boundary phase surrounding the grains in alloys without TiC. In contrast, alloys with added TiC showed no amorphous phase and also showed higher coercivity compared to Co-Pr-C. Therefore, the variation of the grain boundary phases may be effective in changing the degree of exchange coupling. Controlling the formation of a uniform nanoscale microstructure, leading to improved magnetic properties, is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tang, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD APR PY 2003 VL 76 IS 6 BP 987 EP 989 DI 10.1007/s00339-002-1988-1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 671YT UT WOS:000182493700028 ER PT J AU Settersten, TB Dreizler, A Patterson, BD Schrader, PE Farrow, RL AF Settersten, TB Dreizler, A Patterson, BD Schrader, PE Farrow, RL TI Photolytic interference affecting two-photon laser-induced fluorescence detection of atomic oxygen in hydrocarbon flames SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; H-ATOM; O-ATOM; 2-PHOTON; EXCITATION; GASES AB This study reports on photochemical interferences affecting atomic oxygen detection using two-photon laser-induced fluorescence at 226 nm. In contrast to previous studies in which molecular oxygen was proven to be the relevant photochemical precursor molecule in a hydrogen-fueled flame, the present investigations were carried out in a laminar diffusion flame of methane and air. The most significant interferences were found at the fuel side of the flame in the absence of molecular oxygen, and vibrationally excited carbon dioxide was identified as the most probable precursor molecule for the photochemical production of oxygen atoms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Energie & Kraftwerkstech, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Settersten, TB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009 OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD APR PY 2003 VL 76 IS 4 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1007/s00340-003-1154-2 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 687VA UT WOS:000183396600023 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Plutonium disproportionation: the relation of work integrals SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE plutonium; disproportionation; balanced equations; work; free energy ID EQUATIONS AB Two plutonium work integrals have been demonstrated in recent years. One of them applies to the work of disproportionation and the other to the work of oxidation of plutonium from the trivalent to a higher oxidation state. This paper illustrates the connection of the integrals by an example and a diagram. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E500, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 58 IS 4 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(03)00034-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 670QL UT WOS:000182420100005 PM 12672623 ER PT J AU Loudos, GK Nikita, KS Giokaris, ND Styliaris, E Archimandritis, SC Varvarigou, AD Papanicolas, CN Majewski, S Weisenberger, D Pani, R Scopinaro, F Uzunoglu, NK Maintas, D Stefanis, K AF Loudos, GK Nikita, KS Giokaris, ND Styliaris, E Archimandritis, SC Varvarigou, AD Papanicolas, CN Majewski, S Weisenberger, D Pani, R Scopinaro, F Uzunoglu, NK Maintas, D Stefanis, K TI A 3D high-resolution gamma camera for radiopharmaceutical studies with small animals SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE small animal imaging; PSPMT; SPECT; high resolution; radiopharmaceutical studies ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; ARRAY; PSPMT; PET AB The results of studies conducted with a small field of view tomographic gamma camera based on a Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube are reported. The system has been used for the evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals in small animals. Phantom studies have shown a spatial resolution of 2 mm in planar and 2-3 mm in tomographic imaging. Imaging studies in mice have been carried out both in 2D and 3D. Conventional radiopharmaceuticals have been used and the results have been compared with images from a clinically used system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Tech Univ Athens, Inst Commun & Comp Syst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, GR-15773 Athens, Greece. Inst Accelerating Syst & Applicat, Athens 10024, Greece. Natl Capodistrian Univ Athens, Athens 10679, Greece. Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Inst Isotop Studies, Athens, Greece. Univ Athens, Mental Hlth Res Inst, Athens 11521, Greece. RP Loudos, GK (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Inst Commun & Comp Syst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iroon Polytexneiou 9,Str Zografos, GR-15773 Athens, Greece. OI Scopinaro, Francesco/0000-0003-1924-3005 NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 58 IS 4 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(03)00025-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 670QL UT WOS:000182420100013 PM 12672631 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Snodgrass, JW Staub, BP Jackson, BP Congdon, JD AF Hopkins, WA Snodgrass, JW Staub, BP Jackson, BP Congdon, JD TI Altered swimming performance of a benthic fish (Erimyzon sucetta) exposed to contaminated sediments SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; RAINBOW-TROUT; JUVENILE; GROWTH; METABOLISM; SALMON; SPEED; LAKE; EXERCISE AB Numerous field, surveys suggest that coal combustion wastes (ash) adversely affect fish populations, but few controlled laboratory studies have evaluated the responses of individual fish to ash exposure. Available information suggests that sublethal effects of ash, including decreased growth rates and reduced fecundity, may be important manifestations of ash toxicity. Here, we hypothesized that-ash may also alter swimming performance, which could ultimately have important implications for the autecology of affected species. To test this hypothesis, we measured sprint speed and critical swimming speed (U-crit) of juvenile lake chubsuckers (Erimyzon sucetta) exposed to ash in the laboratory. Fish exposed to ash for 90-100 days accumulated,significant concentrations of As, Se, Sr, and V; exhibited severe fin erosion; and had reduced sprint speed and U-crit. Compared to controls, sprint speed of ash-exposed fish was reduced by 30% at 5 cm and the percent reduction was further reduced to 104% at 20 cm. Critical swimming speed was approximately 50% lower in fish exposed to ash compared to controls. Additionally, the typical positive relationship between standard length and U-crit was absent in fish exposed to ash. Because reductions in swimming performance could not be attributed to pollutant-induced differences in body condition or fin morphology, we hypothesize that physiological disruptions (e.g., increased energy demands, decreased oxygen uptake or transport) are responsible for the observed effects and warrant further attention. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Towson State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-2030-5 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 647MW UT WOS:000181097700014 PM 12712299 ER PT J AU Pennacchio, LA Rubin, EM AF Pennacchio, LA Rubin, EM TI Apolipoprotein A5, a newly identified gene that affects plasma triglyceride levels in humans and mice SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A5; triglyceride ID FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; TRANSGENIC MICE; APO-CIII; C-III; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; SEQUENCES; PREDICTION; PROMOTER; COMPLEX; REGION AB Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is a newly described member of the apolipoprotein gene family whose initial discovery arose from comparative sequence analysis of the mammalian APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster. Functional studies in mice indicated that alteration in the level of APOA5 significantly affected plasma triglyceride concentrations. Mice that overexpressed human APOA5 displayed significantly reduced triglycerides, whereas mice that lacked apoa5 had a large increase in this lipid parameter. Studies in humans have also suggested an important role for APOA5 in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations. In these experiments, polymorphisms in the human gene were found to define several common haplotypes that were associated with significant changes in triglyceride concentrations in multiple populations. Several separate clinical studies have provided consistent and strong support for the effect with 24% of whites, 35% of blacks, and 53% of Hispanics who carry APOA5 haplotypes associated with increased plasma triglyceride levels. In summary, APOA5 represents a newly discovered gene involved in triglyceride metabolism in both humans and mice whose mechanism of action remains to be deciphered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, MS 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL66681] NR 27 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 4 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000054194.78240.45 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 666EY UT WOS:000182165100003 PM 12615678 ER PT J AU Westphalen, D Roth, KW Brodrick, J AF Westphalen, D Roth, KW Brodrick, J TI System & component diagnostics SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 45 IS 4 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 666AC UT WOS:000182152600011 ER PT J AU Blanton, EL Gregg, MD Helfand, DJ Becker, RH White, RL AF Blanton, EL Gregg, MD Helfand, DJ Becker, RH White, RL TI Discovery of a high-redshift (z=0.96) cluster of galaxies using a first survey wide-angle-tailed radio source SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : photometry; radio continuum; X-rays ID ABELL CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; SKY AB Using a combination of near-infrared and optical photometry, along with multiobject spectroscopy, we have confirmed the existence of a high-redshift cluster of galaxies at z = 0.96. The cluster was found using a wide-angle-tailed radio source selected from the VLA FIRST survey as a cluster signpost. These types of radio sources are often found in clusters and are thought to attain their C-shaped morphologies from the relative motion between the radio source host galaxy and the intracluster medium. We present optical/near-infrared color-magnitude diagrams that show a concentration of cluster galaxies in color space. We also include spectroscopic results obtained from the Keck II Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer. Ten galaxies are confirmed at the cluster redshift, with a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of sigma(parallel to) = 530(-90)(+190) km s(-1), typical of an Abell richness class 0 cluster. Using data from the ROSAT public archive, we limit the X-ray luminosity for the cluster to L-X,L-bol less than or similar to 3 x 10(44) ergs s(-1), consistent with the value expected from the L-X-sigma relation. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Blanton, EL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 3818, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM eblanton@virginia.edu; gregg@igpp.ucllnl.org; djh@astro.columbia.edu; bob@igpp.ucllnl.org; rlw@stsci.edu RI Blanton, Elizabeth/H-4501-2014 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1635 EP 1641 DI 10.1086/368140 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GK UT WOS:000181713100001 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Becker, RH White, RL Haiman, Z Gregg, M Pentericci, L Grebel, EK Narayanan, VK Loh, YS Richards, GT Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Ivezic, Z Brandt, WN Collinge, M Hao, L Harbeck, D Prada, F Schaye, J Strateva, I Zakamska, N Anderson, S Brinkmann, J Bahcall, NA Lamb, DQ Okamura, S Szalay, A York, DG AF Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Becker, RH White, RL Haiman, Z Gregg, M Pentericci, L Grebel, EK Narayanan, VK Loh, YS Richards, GT Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Ivezic, Z Brandt, WN Collinge, M Hao, L Harbeck, D Prada, F Schaye, J Strateva, I Zakamska, N Anderson, S Brinkmann, J Bahcall, NA Lamb, DQ Okamura, S Szalay, A York, DG TI A survey of z > 5.7 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Discovery of three additional quasars at z > 6 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; FALL EQUATORIAL STRIPE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; Z=6.28 QUASAR; REIONIZATION; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6 AB We present the discovery of three new quasars at z > 6 in similar to 1300 deg(2) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data, J114816.64+525150.3 (z = 6.43), J104845.05+463718.3 (z = 6.23), and J163033.90+401209.6 (z = 6.05). The first two objects have weak Lyalpha emission lines; their redshifts are determined from the positions of the Lyman break. They are only accurate to similar to0.05 and could be affected by the presence of broad absorption line systems. The last object has a Lyalpha strength more typical of lower redshift quasars. Based on a sample of six quasars at z > 5.7 that cover 2870 deg(2) presented in this paper and in Paper I, we estimate the comoving density of luminous quasars at z similar to 6 and M(1450) < -26.8 to be ( 8 +/- 3) x 10(-10) Mpc(-3) (for H(0) = 50 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega = 1). Hubble Space Telescope imaging of two z > 5.7 quasars and high-resolution, ground-based images ( seeing similar to0."4) of three additional z > 5.7 quasars show that none of them is gravitationally lensed. The luminosity distribution of the high-redshift quasar sample suggests the bright-end slope of the quasar luminosity function at z similar to 6 is shallower than Psi proportional to L(-3.5) (2 sigma), consistent with the absence of strongly lensed objects. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69171 Heidelberg, Germany. Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, E-04080 Almeria, Spain. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 51 TC 551 Z9 555 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1649 EP 1659 DI 10.1086/368246 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GK UT WOS:000181713100003 ER PT J AU Bernardi, M Sheth, RK Annis, J Burles, S Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, DP Hogg, D Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Blakeslee, JP Brinkmann, J Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, J Heckman, T Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, T Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Schneider, DP Thakar, AR York, DG AF Bernardi, M Sheth, RK Annis, J Burles, S Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, DP Hogg, D Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Blakeslee, JP Brinkmann, J Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, J Heckman, T Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, T Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Schneider, DP Thakar, AR York, DG TI Early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. The sample SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : stellar content ID FIELD ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; 2 DISTANT REGIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SIGHT VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; STELLAR POPULATION HISTORIES; ABSORPTION-LINE SPECTRA; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; PECULIAR MOTIONS; INTERMEDIATE REDSHIFT; LUMINOSITY EVOLUTION AB A sample of nearly 9000 early-type galaxies, in the redshift range 0.01 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.3, was selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using morphological and spectral criteria. This paper describes how the sample was selected, presents examples of images and seeing-corrected fits to the observed surface brightness profiles, describes our method for estimating K-corrections, and shows that the SDSS spectra are of sufficiently high quality to measure velocity dispersions accurately. It also provides catalogs of the measured photometric and spectroscopic parameters. In related papers, these data are used to study how early-type galaxy observables, including luminosity, effective radius, surface brightness, color, and velocity dispersion, are correlated with one another. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15620 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Astron Inst, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2278582, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548 NR 96 TC 203 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1817 EP 1848 DI 10.1086/367776 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GK UT WOS:000181713100016 ER PT J AU Bernardi, M Sheth, RK Annis, J Burles, S Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, DP Hogg, D Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Blakeslee, JP Brinkmann, J Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, J Heckman, T Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, T Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Schneider, DP Thakar, AR York, DG AF Bernardi, M Sheth, RK Annis, J Burles, S Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, DP Hogg, D Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Blakeslee, JP Brinkmann, J Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, J Heckman, T Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, T Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Schneider, DP Thakar, AR York, DG TI Early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Correlations between observables SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : stellar ID TO-LIGHT RATIOS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE; REDSHIFT SURVEY; EVOLUTION; FIELD; BRIGHTNESS; CLUSTERS AB A magnitude-limited sample of nearly 9000 early-type galaxies, in the redshift range 0.01 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.3, was selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using morphological and spectral criteria. The sample was used to study how early-type galaxy observables, including luminosity L, effective radius R(o), surface brightness I(o), color, and velocity dispersion sigma, are correlated with one another. Measurement biases are understood with mock catalogs that reproduce all of the observed scaling relations and their dependences on fitting technique. At any given redshift, the intrinsic distribution of luminosities, sizes, and velocity dispersions in our sample are all approximately Gaussian. A maximum likelihood analysis shows that sigma proportional to L(0.25+/-0.012), R(o) proportional to L(0.63+/-0.025), and R(o) proportional to I(-0.75+/-0.02) in the r* band. In addition, the mass-to-light ratio within the effective radius scales as M(o)/L proportional to L(0.14+/-0.02) or M(o)/L proportional to M(o)(0.22+/-0.05), and galaxies with larger effective masses have smaller effective densities: Delta(o) proportional to M(o)(-0.52+/-0.03). These relations are approximately the same in the g*, i*, and z* bands. Relative to the population at the median redshift in the sample, galaxies at lower and higher redshifts have evolved only little, with more evolution in the bluer bands. The luminosity function is consistent with weak passive luminosity evolution and a formation time of about 9 Gyr ago. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15620 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Astron Inst, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1180015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Univ, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2278582, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bernardi, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548 NR 26 TC 219 Z9 219 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1849 EP 1865 DI 10.1086/374256 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GK UT WOS:000181713100017 ER PT J AU Bernardi, M Sheth, RK Annis, J Burles, S Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, DP Hogg, DW Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Blakeslee, JP Brinkmann, J Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, J Heckman, T Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, T Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Schneider, DP Thakar, AR York, DG AF Bernardi, M Sheth, RK Annis, J Burles, S Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, DP Hogg, DW Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Blakeslee, JP Brinkmann, J Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, J Heckman, T Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, T Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Schneider, DP Thakar, AR York, DG TI Early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. III. The fundamental plane SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : stellar content ID FIELD ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; 2 DISTANT REGIONS; INTERMEDIATE REDSHIFT; LUMINOSITY EVOLUTION; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; CLUSTER E; SPECTROSCOPY; BRIGHTNESS; PHOTOMETRY; MOTIONS AB A magnitude-limited sample of nearly 9000 early-type galaxies in the redshift range 0.01 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.3 was selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using morphological and spectral criteria. The fundamental plane relation in this sample is R(o) proportional to sigma(1.49+/-0.05)I(o)(-0.75+/-0.01) in the r* band. It is approximately the same in the g*, i*, and z* bands. Relative to the population at the median redshift in the sample, galaxies at lower and higher redshifts have evolved only a little. If the fundamental plane is used to quantify this evolution, then the apparent magnitude limit can masquerade as evolution; once this selection effect has been accounted for, the evolution is consistent with that of a passively evolving population that formed the bulk of its stars about 9 Gyr ago. One of the principal advantages of the SDSS sample over previous samples is that the galaxies in it lie in environments ranging from isolation in the field to the dense cores of clusters. The fundamental plane shows that galaxies in dense regions are slightly different from galaxies in less dense regions. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15620 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bernardi, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548 NR 29 TC 237 Z9 240 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1866 EP 1881 DI 10.1086/367794 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GK UT WOS:000181713100018 ER PT J AU Bernardi, M Sheth, RK Annis, J Burles, S Finkbeiner, DP Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Blakeslee, JP Brinkmann, J Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, J Heckman, T Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, T Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Schneider, DP Thakar, AR York, DG AF Bernardi, M Sheth, RK Annis, J Burles, S Finkbeiner, DP Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Blakeslee, JP Brinkmann, J Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, J Heckman, T Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, T Munn, JA Nichol, R Okamura, S Schneider, DP Thakar, AR York, DG TI Early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. IV. Colors and chemical evolution SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : stellar content ID STELLAR POPULATION HISTORIES; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE RELATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; PRECISION PHOTOMETRY; VIRGO CLUSTERS; S0 GALAXIES; METALLICITY; UNIVERSALITY; PARAMETERS AB The colors and chemical abundances of early-type galaxies at redshifts z < 0.3 are studied using a sample of nearly 9000 galaxies, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using morphological and spectral criteria. In this sample, redder galaxies have larger velocity dispersions: g*-r* proportional to sigma(0.26+/-0.02). Color also correlates with magnitude, g* - r* proportional to (-0.025+/-0.003) Mr(*), and size, but these correlations are entirely due to the L-sigma and R(o)-sigma relations: the primary correlation is color-sigma. The red light in early-type galaxies is, on average, slightly more centrally concentrated than the blue. Because of these color gradients, the strength of the color-magnitude relation depends on whether or not the colors are defined using a fixed metric aperture; the color-sigma relation is less sensitive to this choice. Chemical evolution and star formation histories of early-type galaxies are investigated using co-added spectra of similar objects. The resulting library of co-added spectra contains spectra that represent a wide range of early-type galaxies. Chemical abundances correlate primarily with velocity dispersion: H beta proportional to sigma(-0.24+/-0.03), Mg(2) proportional to sigma(0.20+/-0.02), Mg b proportional to sigma(0.32+/-0.03), and [Fe] proportional to sigma(0.11+/-0.03). At fixed sigma, the population at z similar to 0.2 had weaker Mg(2) and stronger H beta absorption compared to the population at z similar to 0. It was also bluer. Comparison of these colors and line strengths and their evolution with single-burst stellar population models suggests a formation time of 9 Gyr ago, consistent with a fundamental plane analysis of this sample. Although the fundamental plane shows that galaxies in dense regions are slightly different from galaxies in less dense regions, the co-added spectra and color-magnitude relations show no statistically significant dependence on environment. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15620 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bernardi, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548 NR 36 TC 168 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1882 EP 1896 DI 10.1086/367795 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GK UT WOS:000181713100019 ER PT J AU Fekel, FC Warner, PB Kaye, AB AF Fekel, FC Warner, PB Kaye, AB TI Spectroscopy of early F stars: gamma Doradus candidates and possible metallic shell stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries : general; circumstellar matter; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : variables : other ID DELTA-SCUTI STARS; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; VISUAL MULTIPLES; BINARY-SYSTEMS; SPECTRAL TYPES; MU-CENTAURI; H-ALPHA; PHOTOMETRY; HIPPARCOS AB We obtained high-resolution spectroscopic observations of 34 gamma Doradus candidates. From the red-wavelength spectra, we determined spectral classes, radial velocities, and projected rotational velocities. The spectra of seven late A or early F stars show metallic lines that have composite profiles consisting of a narrow component near the center of a broad line, indicating that they may be shell stars or binaries. Several stars, including HD 152896, HD 173977, HD 175337, and HD 195068/9, show large line profile asymmetries. Two stars, HD 11443 (=alpha Trianguli) and HD 149420, are ellipsoidal variables and not gamma Doradus stars. The percentage of binary systems in our sample may be as high as 74%. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fekel, FC (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, 330 10th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM fekel@evans.tsuniv.edu; pwarner@noao.edu; kaye@lanl.gov NR 109 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 2196 EP 2214 DI 10.1086/368239 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GK UT WOS:000181713100039 ER PT J AU Blanton, MR Lin, H Lupton, RH Maley, FM Young, N Zehavi, I Loveday, J AF Blanton, MR Lin, H Lupton, RH Maley, FM Young, N Zehavi, I Loveday, J TI An efficient targeting strategy for multiobject spectrograph surveys: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey "tiling'' algorithm SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : observational; surveys ID GALAXY SAMPLE; SELECTION AB Large surveys using multiobject spectrographs require automated methods for deciding how to efficiently point observations and how to assign targets to each pointing. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will observe around 10(6) spectra from targets distributed over an area of about 10,000 deg(2), using a multiobject fiber spectrograph that can simultaneously observe 640 objects in a circular field of view ( referred to as a "tile'') 1.degrees49 in radius. No two fibers can be placed closer than 55" during the same observation; multiple targets closer than this distance are said to "collide.'' We present here a method of allocating fibers to desired targets given a set of tile centers that includes the effects of collisions and that is nearly optimally efficient and uniform. Because of large-scale structure in the galaxy distribution ( which form the bulk of the SDSS targets), a naive covering of the sky with equally spaced tiles does not yield uniform sampling. Thus, we present a heuristic for perturbing the centers of the tiles from the equally spaced distribution that provides more uniform completeness. For the SDSS sample, we can attain a sampling rate of greater than 92% for all targets, and greater than 99% for the set of targets that do not collide with each other, with an efficiency greater than 90% (defined as the fraction of available fibers assigned to targets). The methods used here may prove useful to those planning other large surveys. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. RP Blanton, MR (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 15 TC 432 Z9 433 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 2276 EP 2286 DI 10.1086/344761 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GK UT WOS:000181713100045 ER PT J AU Kepler, SO Nather, RE Winget, DE Nitta, A Kleinman, SJ Metcalfe, T Sekiguchi, K Jiang, XJ Sullivan, D Sullivan, T Janulis, R Meistas, E Kalytis, R Krzesinski, J Ogloza, W Zola, S O'Donoghue, D Romero-Colmenero, E Martinez, P Dreizler, S Deetjen, J Nagel, T Schuh, SL Vauclair, G Ning, FJ Chevreton, M Solheim, JE Perez, JMG Johannessen, F Kanaan, A Costa, JE Costa, AFM Wood, MA Silvestri, N Ahrens, TJ Jones, AK Collins, AE Boyer, M Shaw, JS Mukadam, A Klumpe, EW Larrison, J Kawaler, S Riddle, R Ulla, A Bradley, P AF Kepler, SO Nather, RE Winget, DE Nitta, A Kleinman, SJ Metcalfe, T Sekiguchi, K Jiang, XJ Sullivan, D Sullivan, T Janulis, R Meistas, E Kalytis, R Krzesinski, J Ogloza, W Zola, S O'Donoghue, D Romero-Colmenero, E Martinez, P Dreizler, S Deetjen, J Nagel, T Schuh, SL Vauclair, G Ning, FJ Chevreton, M Solheim, JE Perez, JMG Johannessen, F Kanaan, A Costa, JE Costa, AFM Wood, MA Silvestri, N Ahrens, TJ Jones, AK Collins, AE Boyer, M Shaw, JS Mukadam, A Klumpe, EW Larrison, J Kawaler, S Riddle, R Ulla, A Bradley, P TI The everchanging pulsating white dwarf GD358 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : white dwarfs; stars : variables : general; stars : oscillations; stars : individual : GD 358; stars : evolution ID ZZ-CETI STARS; WHOLE EARTH TELESCOPE; GRAVITY MODES; TURBULENT CONVECTION; GD-358; SPECTRA; PERIOD; G29-38; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; INSTABILITY AB We report 323 hours of nearly uninterrupted time series photometric observations of the DBV star GD 358 acquired with the Whole Earth Telescope ( WET) during May 23rd to June 8th, 2000. We acquired more than 232 000 independent measurements. We also report on 48 hours of time-series photometric observations in Aug 1996. We detected the non-radial g-modes consistent with degree l = 1 and radial order 8 to 20 and their linear combinations up to 6th order. We also detect, for the first time, a high amplitude l = 2 mode, with a period of 796 s. In the 2000 WET data, the largest amplitude modes are similar to those detected with the WET observations of 1990 and 1994, but the highest combination order previously detected was 4th order. At one point during the 1996 observations, most of the pulsation energy was transferred into the radial order k = 8 mode, which displayed a sinusoidal pulse shape in spite of the large amplitude. The multiplet structure of the individual modes changes from year to year, and during the 2000 observations only the k = 9 mode displays clear normal triplet structure. Even though the pulsation amplitudes change on timescales of days and years, the eigenfrequencies remain essentially the same, showing the stellar structure is not changing on any dynamical timescale. C1 UFRGS, Inst Fis, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Apache Pt Observ, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Beijing Astron Observ, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Tubingen, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, UMR5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Observ Paris, DAEC, F-92195 Meudon, France. Inst Fys, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fis, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida Inst Technol, SARA Observ, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Univ Florida, Nucl Sci Ctr 202, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Vigo, Dept Fis Aplicada, Fac Ciencias, Vigo 36200, Pontevedra, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kepler, SO (reprint author), UFRGS, Inst Fis, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM kepler@if.ufrgs.br; travis@whitedwarf.org; kaz@subaru.naoj.org; jiang@astro.as.utexas.edu; zola@ao.uj.edu.pl; chevreton@obspm.fr; kanaan@fsc.ufsc.br; ulla@uvigo.es RI Metcalfe, Travis/A-9388-2008; Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012; Ulla Miguel, Ana Maria/M-2860-2014; OI Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703; Kawaler, Steven/0000-0002-6536-6367 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 401 IS 2 BP 639 EP 654 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030105 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658EN UT WOS:000181708800026 ER PT J AU Einasto, M Einasto, J Muller, V Heinamaki, P Tucker, DL AF Einasto, M Einasto, J Muller, V Heinamaki, P Tucker, DL TI Environmental enhancement of loose groups around rich clusters of galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : large-scale structure of the Universe ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; SUPERCLUSTER-VOID NETWORK; ALL-SKY SURVEY; CAMPANAS REDSHIFT SURVEY; CATALOG; ROSAT; TRACERS; ABELL; SUBSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE AB We have studied the properties of Las Campanas Loose Groups (Tucker et al. 2000) in the neighbourhood of rich (Abell, APM and X-ray) clusters of galaxies. These loose groups show strong evidence of segregation measured in terms of the group richness and the group velocity dispersion: loose groups in the neighbourhood of a rich cluster are typically 2 : 5 times more massive and 1 : 6 times more luminous than groups on average, and these loose groups have velocity dispersions 1 : 3 times larger than groups on average. This is evidence that the large-scale gravitational field causing the formation of rich clusters enhances the evolution of neighbouring poor systems, a phenomenon recently established in numerical simulations of group and cluster formation. C1 Tartu Astrophys Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Einasto, M (reprint author), Tartu Astrophys Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 49 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 401 IS 3 BP 851 EP 862 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20021727 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 662DA UT WOS:000181929900006 ER PT J AU Ngeow, CC Kanbur, SM Nikolaev, S Tanvir, NR Hendry, MA AF Ngeow, CC Kanbur, SM Nikolaev, S Tanvir, NR Hendry, MA TI Reconstructing a cepheid light curve with Fourier techniques. I. The Fourier expansion and interrelations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; distance scale; galaxies : distances and redshifts; methods : data analysis ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; PEAK BRIGHTNESS; DISTANCE SCALE; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; KEY PROJECT; DECOMPOSITION; CALIBRATION; SUPERNOVAE AB Fourier decomposition is a well-established technique used in the study of stellar pulsation. However, the quality of reconstructed light curves using this method is reduced when the observed data have uneven phase coverage. We use simulated annealing techniques together with Fourier decomposition to improve the quality of the Fourier decomposition for many Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment LMC fundamental-mode Cepheids. This method restricts the range that Fourier amplitudes can take. The ranges are specified by well-sampled Cepheids in the Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds. We also apply this method to reconstructing Cepheid light curves observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). These typically consist of 12 V-band and four I-band points. We employ a direct Fourier fit to the 12 V-band points using the simulated annealing method mentioned above and explicitly derive and use Fourier interrelations to reconstruct the I-band light curve. We discuss advantages and drawbacks of this method when applied to HST Cepheid data over existing template methods. Application of this method to reconstruct the light curves of Cepheids observed in NGC 4258 shows that the derived Cepheid distance (mu(0) = 29.38 +/- 0.06 mag, random error) is consistent with its geometrical distance (mu(0) = 29.28 +/- 0.09 mag) derived from observations of its water maser. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Ngeow, CC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 586 IS 2 BP 959 EP 982 DI 10.1086/367698 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GP UT WOS:000181713500019 ER PT J AU Moskalenko, IV Strong, AW Mashnik, SG AF Moskalenko, IV Strong, AW Mashnik, SG TI Challenging cosmic-ray propagation with antiprotons: Evidence for a "fresh'' nuclei component? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; diffusion; elementary particles; Galaxy : general; ISM : general nuclear, reactions; nucleosynthesis, abundances ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; LIQUID-HYDROGEN TARGET; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; HELIUM SPECTRA; LOCAL BUBBLE; VOYAGER MEASUREMENTS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEI; MASS COMPOSITION; GALAXY; PROTON AB Recent measurements of the cosmic-ray (CR) antiproton flux have been shown to challenge existing CR propagation models. It was shown that the reacceleration models designed to match secondary/primary nuclei ratios (e.g., boron/carbon) produce too few antiprotons. Matching both the secondary/primary nuclei ratio and the antiproton flux requires artificial breaks in the diffusion coefficient and the primary injection spectrum, suggesting the need for other approaches. In the present paper we discuss one possibility to overcome these difficulties. Using the measured antiproton flux and B/C ratio to fix the diffusion coefficient, we show that the spectra of primary nuclei as measured in the heliosphere may contain a fresh, local, "unprocessed'' component at low energies, perhaps associated with the Local Bubble, thus decreasing the measured secondary/primary nuclei ratio. The independent evidence for supernova activity in the solar vicinity in the last few Myr supports this idea. The model reproduces antiprotons, B/C ratio, and elemental abundances up to Ni (Z less than or equal to 28). Calculated isotopic distributions of Be and B are in perfect agreement with CR data. The abundances of three "radioactive clock'' isotopes in CRs, Be-10, Al-26, and Cl-36, are all consistent and indicate a halo size z(h) similar to 4 kpc, based on the most accurate data taken by the ACE spacecraft. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Moskalenko, IV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM igor.moskalenko@gsfc.nasa.gov; aws@mpe.mpg.de; mashnik@lanl.gov RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007 OI Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X NR 73 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 586 IS 2 BP 1050 EP 1066 DI 10.1086/367697 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GP UT WOS:000181713500023 ER PT J AU Baron, E Nugent, PE Branch, D Hauschildt, PH Turatto, M Cappellaro, E AF Baron, E Nugent, PE Branch, D Hauschildt, PH Turatto, M Cappellaro, E TI Determination of primordial metallicity and mixing in the type II-P supernova 1993W SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : formation; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; radiative transfer; supernovae : individual (SN 1993W) ID EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; STELLAR ATMOSPHERE PROGRAM; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SN 1987A; NON-LTE; PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; LIGHT-CURVE AB We present the results of a large grid of synthetic spectra and compare them to early spectroscopic observations of SN 1993W. This supernova was discovered close to its explosion date and, at a recession velocity of 5400 km s(-1), is located in the Hubble flow. We focus here on two early spectra that were obtained approximately 5 and 9 days after explosion. We parameterize the outer supernova envelope as a power-law density pro. le in homologous expansion. In order to extract information on the value of the parameters, a large number of models was required. We show that very early spectra combined with detailed models can provide constraints on the value of the power-law index, the ratio of hydrogen to helium in the surface of the progenitor, the progenitor metallicity, and the amount of radioactive nickel mixed into the outer envelope of the supernova. The spectral fits reproduce the observed spectra exceedingly well. The spectral results combined with the early photometry predict that the explosion date was 4.7 +/- 0.7 days before the first spectrum was obtained. The ability to obtain the metallicity from early spectra make SNe II-P attractive probes of chemical evolution in the universe, and by showing that we have the ability to pin down the parameters of the progenitor and mixing during the supernova explosion, it is likely to make SNe II-P useful cosmological distance indicators which are at the same time complementary to SNe Ia. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Osserv Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80181 Naples, Italy. RP Baron, E (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM baron@nhn.ou.edu; penugent@lbl.gov; branch@nhn.ou.edu; phauschildt@hs.uni-hamburg.de; turatto@pd.astro.it; cappellaro@na.astro.it RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009; OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608; Cappellaro, Enrico/0000-0001-5008-8619; Turatto, Massimo/0000-0002-9719-3157 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 586 IS 2 BP 1199 EP 1210 DI 10.1086/367888 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GP UT WOS:000181713500034 ER PT J AU Arefiev, VA Priedhorsky, WC Borozdin, KN AF Arefiev, VA Priedhorsky, WC Borozdin, KN TI Fast X-ray transients and their connection to gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; stars : activity; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts; X-rays : general; X-rays : stars ID ALL-SKY MONITOR; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; AFTERGLOW EMISSION; BATSE OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC LATITUDE; LIGHT CURVES; BEPPOSAX; CATALOG; FLARE; SEARCH AB Fast X-ray transients (FXTs) with timescales from seconds to hours have been seen by numerous space instruments. Because they occur at unpredictable locations, they are difficult to observe with narrow-field instruments. Only a few hundred have been detected, although their all-sky rate is in the tens of thousands per year. We have assembled archival data from Ariel-5, HEAO 1 (A-1 and A-2), WATCH, ROSAT, and Einstein to produce a global fluence-frequency relationship for these events. Fitting the logN-logS distribution over several orders of magnitude to a simple power law, we find a slope of -1.0(-0.3)(+0.2). The sources of FXTs are undoubtedly heterogeneous, representing several physical phenomena; the alpha similar to -1 power law is an approximate result of the summation of these multiple sources. Two major contributions come from gamma-ray bursts and stellar flares. These two types of progenitors are distributed isotropically in the sky; however, their individual luminosity distributions are both flatter than the -3/2 power law that applies to uniformly distributed standard candles. Extrapolating from the BATSE catalog of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we find that the fraction of X-ray. ashes that can be the X-ray counterparts of gamma-ray bursts is a function of fluence. The exact fraction of GRB-induced X-ray counterparts is sensitive to the R-X/gamma distribution, which we estimate from available experimental measurements. Certainly, most FXTs are not counterparts of standard gamma-ray bursts. The fraction of FXTs from non-GRB sources, such as magnetic stars, is greatest for the faintest FXTs. Our understanding of the FXT phenomenon remains limited and would greatly benefit from a large, homogeneous data set, which requires a wide-field, sensitive instrument. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Arefiev, VA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gita@hea.iki.rssi.ru; wpriedhorsky@lanl.gov; kbor@lanl.gov OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 586 IS 2 BP 1238 EP 1249 DI 10.1086/367761 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GP UT WOS:000181713500037 ER PT J AU Pruet, J Woosley, SE Hoffman, RD AF Pruet, J Woosley, SE Hoffman, RD TI Nucleosynthesis in gamma-ray burst accretion disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; gamma rays : bursts; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances ID COALESCING NEUTRON-STARS; BLACK-HOLE; ELEMENT SYNTHESIS; SUPERNOVA EJECTA; DRIVEN WINDS; MODELS; FIREBALLS; RATES AB We follow the nuclear reactions that occur in the accretion disks of stellar-mass black holes that are accreting at a very high rate, 0.01-1 M-circle dot s(-1), as is realized in many current models for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The degree of neutronization in the disk is a sensitive function of the accretion rate, black hole mass, Kerr parameter, and disk viscosity. For high accretion rates and low viscosity, material arriving at the black hole will consist predominantly of neutrons. This degree of neutronization will have important implications for the dynamics of the GRB-producing jet and perhaps for the synthesis of the r-process. For lower accretion rates and high viscosity, as might be appropriate for the outer disk in the collapsar model, neutron-proton equality persists, allowing the possible synthesis of Ni-56 in the disk wind. Ni-56 must be present to make any optically bright Type I supernova and, in particular, those associated with GRBs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Pruet, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 586 IS 2 BP 1254 EP 1261 DI 10.1086/367957 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658GP UT WOS:000181713500039 ER PT J AU Rave, HA Zhao, CS Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Schneider, DP Brinkman, J Lamb, DQ AF Rave, HA Zhao, CS Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Schneider, DP Brinkman, J Lamb, DQ TI Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalog of stars in the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has scanned the entire region containing the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy to 23 mag in g*. We present a catalog of stars found in a 453 arcmin(2), elliptical region centered on the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Objects in the catalog are matched with five previously published catalogs. The catalog contains SDSS photometry for 5634 individual objects, and also the photometry from matches to any of the other catalogs. A comparison of the photometry between catalogs allows us to identify 142 candidate variable objects. One hundred and twelve of the suspected variables have colors consistent with RR Lyrae variables. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Rave, HA (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2003 VL 145 IS 2 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1086/367724 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658HE UT WOS:000181714900004 ER PT J AU Ericksen, JA Gustin, MS Schorran, DE Johnson, DW Lindberg, SE Coleman, JS AF Ericksen, JA Gustin, MS Schorran, DE Johnson, DW Lindberg, SE Coleman, JS TI Accumulation of atmospheric mercury in forest foliage SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE plants; biogeochemistry; global cycling; sinks; uptake ID DEPOSITION; VAPOR; METHYLMERCURY; EMISSIONS; EXCHANGE; CANOPY; SOILS; THROUGHFALL; CATCHMENTS; FLUXES AB We used unique mesocosms to examine the role that plants play in accumulating and transforming atmospheric Hg. Several stands of quaking aspen were grown in large gas-exchange chambers in Hg-enriched soil (12.3 +/- 1.3 mug g(-1)), and the Hg content in the vegetation was determined over time. Foliar Hg concentrations increased as a function of leaf age and leveled off after 2-3 months in the oldest tissue with a mean tissue concentration of 150 ng g(-1). Approximately 80% of the total Hg accumulated in the aboveground biomass was found in the leaves, and roughly 1% of that Hg was methylated. Leaves of additional aspen grown within the mesocosms in containers of low Hg soil (0.03 +/- 0.01 mug g(-1)) exhibited foliar Hg concentrations similar to those of trees grown in the Hg-enriched soil. Leaf rinses and surrogate Teflon surfaces were analyzed to characterize surface deposition. processes. Small gas-exchange systems were used to measure stomatal uptake of Hg vapor, and the mean Hg flux was -3.3 ng m(-2) h(-1). These experiments showed that almost all of the Hg in foliar tissue originated from the atmosphere. Thus, in the fall when deciduous trees enter dormancy and leaves senesce, litterfall would represent a new Hg input to terrestrial ecosystems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Resource & Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gustin, MS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Resource & Sci, Mail Stop 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 36 TC 165 Z9 184 U1 12 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1613 EP 1622 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00008-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663GF UT WOS:000181997300006 ER PT J AU Milev, S Gorfe, AA Karshikoff, A Clubb, RT Bosshard, HR Jelesarov, I AF Milev, S Gorfe, AA Karshikoff, A Clubb, RT Bosshard, HR Jelesarov, I TI Energetics of sequence-specific Protein-DNA association: Binding of integrase Tn916 to its target DNA SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC BINDING; HEAT-CAPACITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; THERMODYNAMICS; WATER; RECOGNITION; ENTROPY; CALORIMETRY; HOMEODOMAIN; TRANSITIONS AB The DNA binding domain of the transposon Tn916 integrase (INT-DBD) binds to its DNA target site by positioning the face of a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet within the major groove. Binding of INT-DBD to a 13 base pair duplex DNA target site was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal melting followed by circular dichroism spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The observed heat capacity change accompanying the association reaction (DeltaC(p)) is temperature-dependent, decreasing from -1.4 kJ K-1 mol(-1) at 4degreesC to -2.9 kJ K-1 mol(-1) at 30degreesC. The reason is that the partial molar heat capacities of the free protein, the free DNA duplex, and the protein-DNA complex are not changing in parallel when the temperature increases and that thermal motions of the protein and the DNA are restricted in the complex. After correction for this effect, DeltaC(p) is -1.8 kJ K-1 mol(-1) and temperature-independent. However, this value is still higher than DeltaC(p) of -1.2 kJ K-1 mol(-1) estimated by semiempirical methods from dehydration of surface area buried at the complex interface. We propose that the discrepancy between the measured and the structure-based prediction of binding energetics is caused by incomplete dehydration of polar groups in the complex. In support, we identify cavities at the interface that are large enough to accommodate similar to10 water molecules. Our results highlight the difficulties of structure-based prediction of DeltaC(p) (and other thermodynamic parameters) and emphasize how important it is to consider changes of thermal motions and soft vibrational modi in protein-DNA association reactions. This requires not only a detailed investigation of the energetics of the complex but also of the folding thermodynamics of the protein and the DNA alone, which are described in the accompanying paper. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Biochem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Biosci, Ctr Struct Biochem, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Jelesarov, I (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Biochem, Winterthurerestr 190m Room 44 L42, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Karshikoff, Andrey/C-4387-2016 NR 44 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 12 BP 3481 EP 3491 DI 10.1021/bi0269355 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 660QN UT WOS:000181844000012 PM 12653552 ER PT J AU Milev, S Gorfe, AA Karshikoff, A Clubb, RT Bosshard, HR Jelesarov, I AF Milev, S Gorfe, AA Karshikoff, A Clubb, RT Bosshard, HR Jelesarov, I TI Energetics of sequence-specific protein-DNA association: Conformational stability of the DNA binding domain of integrase Tn916 and its cognate DNA duplex SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITY CHANGES; THERMODYNAMICS; DECONVOLUTION; DENATURATION; FLEXIBILITY; TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; COMPLEX; SURFACE AB Sequence-specific DNA recognition by bacterial integrase Tn916 involves structural rearrangements of both the protein and the DNA duplex. Energetic contributions from changes of conformation, thermal motions and soft vibrational modi of the protein, the DNA, and the complex significantly influence the energetic profile of protein-DNA association. Understanding the energetics of such a complicated system requires not only a detailed calorimetric investigation of the association reaction but also of the components in isolation. Here we report on the conformational stability of the integrase Tn916 DNA binding domain and its cognate 13 base pair target DNA duplex. Using a combination of temperature and denaturant induced unfolding experiments, we find that the 74-residue DNA binding domain is compact and unfolds cooperatively with only small deviation from two-state behavior. Scanning calorimetry reveals an increase of the heat capacity of the native protein attributable to increased thermal fluctuations. From the combined calorimetric and spectroscopic experiments, the parameters of protein unfolding are T-m = 43.8 +/- 0.3degreesC, DeltaH(m) = 255 +/- 18 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(m) = 0.80 +/- 0.06 kJ mol(-1), and DeltaC(p) = 5.0 +/- 0.8 kJ K-1 mol-1. The DNA target duplex displays a thermodynamic signature typical of short oligonucleotide duplexes: significant heat absorption due to end fraying and twisting precedes cooperative unfolding and dissociation. The parameters for DNA unfolding and dissociation are DeltaH(m) = 335 4 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaC(p) = 2.7 +/- 0.9 kJ K-1 mol(-1). The results reported here have been instrumental in interpreting the thermodynamic features of the association reaction of the integrase with its 13 base pair target DNA duplex reported in the accompanying paper. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Biochem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Biosci, Ctr Struct Biochem, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Jelesarov, I (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Biochem, Winterthurerstr 190m Room 44 L42, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Karshikoff, Andrey/C-4387-2016 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 12 BP 3492 EP 3502 DI 10.1021/bi026936x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 660QN UT WOS:000181844000013 PM 12653553 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK Kota, S Kukkadapu, RK Liu, CX Zachara, JM AF Fredrickson, JK Kota, S Kukkadapu, RK Liu, CX Zachara, JM TI Influence of electron donor/acceptor concentrations on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) bioreduction SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE bioreduction; hydrous ferric oxide; mineralization; Shewanella putrefaciens ID CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; DISSIMILATORY METAL REDUCTION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; FE(III) OXIDES; IRON REDUCTION; FERRIHYDRITE; TRANSFORMATION; DISSOLUTION; MAGNETITE; BACTERIUM AB Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) facilitate the reduction of Fe and Mn oxides in anoxic soils and sediments and play an important role in the cycling of these metals and other elements such as carbon in aqueous environments. Previous studies investigating the reduction of Fe(III) oxides by DMRB focused on reactions under constant initial electron donor ( lactate) and electron acceptor ( Fe oxide) concentrations. Because the concentrations of these reactants can vary greatly in the environment and would be expected to influence the rate and extent of oxide reduction, the influence of variable electron acceptor and donor concentrations on hydrous ferric oxide ( HFO) bioreduction was investigated. Batch experiments were conducted in pH 7 HCO3- buffered media using Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32. In general, the rate of Fe( III) reduction decreased with increasing HFO: lactate ratios, resulting in a relatively greater proportion of crystalline Fe( III) oxides of relatively low availability for DMRB. HFO was transformed to a variety of crystalline minerals including goethite, lepidocrocite, and siderite but was almost completely dissolved at high lactate to HFO ratios. These results indicate that electron donor and acceptor concentrations can greatly impact the bioreduction of HFO and the suite of Fe minerals formed as a result of reduction. The respiration driven rate of Fe(II) formation from HFO is believed to be a primary factor governing the array of ferrous and ferric iron phases formed during reduction. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 44 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 34 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1023/A:1024001207574 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 686KJ UT WOS:000183320700004 PM 12877465 ER PT J AU West, TO Marland, G AF West, TO Marland, G TI Net carbon flux from agriculture: Carbon emissions, carbon sequestration, crop yield, and land-use change SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; conservation tillage; greenhouse gas mitigation; nitrogen fertilizer; soil organic matter ID SOIL PROPERTIES; CYCLE; CORN AB There is a potential to sequester carbon in soil by changing agricultural management practices. These changes in agricultural management can also result in changes in fossil-fuel use, agricultural inputs, and the carbon emissions associated with fossil fuels and other inputs. Management practices that alter crop yields and land productivity can affect the amount of land used for crop production with further significant implications for both emissions and sequestration potential. Data from a 20-year agricultural experiment were used to analyze carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, crop yield, and land-use change and to estimate the impact that carbon sequestration strategies might have on the net flux of carbon to the atmosphere. Results indicate that if changes in management result in decreased crop yields, the net carbon flux can be greater under the new system, assuming that crop demand remains the same and additional lands are brought into production. Conversely, if increasing crop yields lead to land abandonment, the overall carbon savings from changes in management will be greater than when soil carbon sequestration alone is considered. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP West, TO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125 NR 24 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 44 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1023/A:1023394024790 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 668MK UT WOS:000182297600005 ER PT J AU Bell, JM Smith, JL Bailey, VL Bolton, H AF Bell, JM Smith, JL Bailey, VL Bolton, H TI Priming effect and C storage in semi-arid no-till spring crop rotations SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE organic matter; C decomposition; C storage; crop rotation; C sequestration ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WHEAT-STRAW; SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; GREAT-PLAINS; CARBON; NITROGEN; DECOMPOSITION AB Adoption of less invasive management practices, such as no-till (NT) and continuous cropping, could reduce CO2 emissions from agricultural soils by retaining soil organic matter (SOM). We hypothesized that C storage increases as cropping intensity increases and tillage decreases. We also hypothesized that pulsed addition of C increases the mineralization of native SOM. We evaluated C storage at the 0- to 5-cm depth in soils from four crop rotations: winter wheat-fallow, spring wheat-chemical fallow, continuous hard red spring wheat, and spring wheat-spring barley on a Ritzville silt loam (Calcidic Haploxeroll). In two incubation studies using C-14-labeled wheat straw, we traced the decomposition of added residue as influenced by (1) cropping frequency, (2) tillage. and (3) pulsed additions of C. Differences in C-14 mineralization did not exist among the four rotations at any time throughout the incubations. However, differences in total CO2 production between the continuous wheat rotations and the fallow rotations point to a priming of native SOM, the degree of which appears to be related to the relative contributions of fungi and bacteria to the decomposition of added residue. Addition of non-labeled wheat straw to select samples in the second incubation resulted in a flush of C-14-CO2 not seen in the controls. This priming effect suggests C inputs have a greater effect on mineralization of residual C compared to disturbance and endogenous metabolism appears to be the source of primed C. with priming becoming more pronounced as the fungal: bacterial ratio in the soil increases. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 42 TC 58 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0587-4 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 682CD UT WOS:000183072200006 ER PT J AU Lyons, WA Nelson, TE Armstrong, RA Pasko, VP Stanley, MA AF Lyons, WA Nelson, TE Armstrong, RA Pasko, VP Stanley, MA TI Upward electrical discharges from thunderstorm tops SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPRITES94 AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN; BLUE JETS; LIGHTNING DISCHARGES; LOWER IONOSPHERE; OPTICAL FLASHES; ELVES; THUNDERCLOUD; STRATOSPHERE; IONIZATION; STARTERS AB Mesospheric lightning-related sprites and elves, not attached to their parent thunderstorm's tops, are being joined by a family of upward electrical discharges including blue jets, emerging directly from thunderstorm tops. C1 FMA Res Inc, Yucca Ridge Field Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lyons, WA (reprint author), FMA Res Inc, Yucca Ridge Field Stn, 46050 Weld Cty Rd 13, Ft Collins, CO USA. RI Pasko, Victor/S-6024-2016 NR 34 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 84 IS 4 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-4-445 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 670QP UT WOS:000182420400012 ER PT J AU Olsen, KB Day, SM Bradley, CR AF Olsen, KB Day, SM Bradley, CR TI Estimation of Q for long-period (> 2 sec) waves in the Los Angeles basin SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; GROUND-MOTION AMPLIFICATION; SALT-LAKE BASIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; EFFICIENT SIMULATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONSTANT-Q; ATTENUATION; PROPAGATION; BOREHOLE AB We simulate 0- to 0.5-Hz 3D wave propagation through the Southern California Earthquake Center seismic velocity reference model, version 2, for the 1994 Northridge earthquake in order to examine the effects of anelastic attenuation and amplification within the near-surface sediments. We use a fourth-order finite-difference staggered-grid method with the coarse-grained frequency-independent anelastic scheme of Day and Bradley (2001) and a variable slip distribution from kinematic inversion for the Northridge earthquake. We find that the near-surface material with S-wave velocity (V-s) as low as 500 m/sec significantly affects the long-period peak ground velocities, compared with simulations in which the S-wave velocity is constrained to 1 km/sec and greater. Anelastic attenuation also has a strong effect on ground-motion amplitudes, reducing the predicted peak velocity by a factor of up to 2.5, relative to lossless simulations. Our preferred Q model is Q(s)/V-s = 0.02 (V-s in meters per second) for V-s less than 1-2 km/sec, and much larger Q(s)/V-s (0.1, V, in meters per second) for layers with higher velocities. The simple model reduces the standard deviation of the residuals between synthetic and observed natural log of peak velocity from 1.13 to 0.26, relative to simulations for the lossless case. The anelastic losses have their largest effect on short-period surface waves propagating in the Los Angeles basin, which are principally sensitive to Q(s) in the low-velocity, near-surface sediments of the basin. The low-frequency ground motion simulated here is relatively insensitive to Q(p), as well as to the values of Q(s) at depths greater than roughly that of the 2-km/sec S-wave velocity isosurface. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olsen, KB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 43 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 627 EP 638 DI 10.1785/0120020135 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 677LX UT WOS:000182810100008 ER PT J AU Taylor, SR Yang, XN Phillips, WS AF Taylor, SR Yang, XN Phillips, WS TI Bayesian Lg attenuation tomography applied to eastern Asia SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SEISMIC DISCRIMINANTS; AMPLITUDE CORRECTIONS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; CODA-Q; CHINA; ARRAYS; MANTLE; CRUST AB Bayesian attenuation tomography (Tarantola, 1987) is being used to refine existing Lg attenuation models in eastern Asia. The advantages of a Bayesian approach to tomography are that large-scale and high-resolution tomographic models available from other well-accepted studies can be used as prior background models. The resulting refined tomographic model will blend into these prior background models. Moreover, the uncertainties are well established in a Bayesian framework. We assume a general linear Gaussian (least squares) model, where the covariance matrix is partitioned into data and prior model components. Uncertain data are naturally down weighted and model components with small errors will be subject to little change. Amplitude tomography provides only an approximation to the propagation effects a seismic wave may experience. For example, phase blockage can occur over relatively short distances in the absence of any anelastic effects. Stationcentric kriged amplitude correction surfaces on top of the tomographic models may assist in identifying blocked paths. Because a signal-to-noise criterion is used to select amplitudes for the inversion, the data are left-censored and the resulting Q(0) models will be biased high. We examine the utility of a maximum-likelihood data augmentation method to the left-censored data problem (Schafer, 1997). In this case, we can only measure an upper bound to measured amplitudes on the basis of prephase noise. Data augmentation is used to impute the missing data values with their conditional expectation based on the relationship of amplitudes with other completely observed variables. We have initially chosen a bivariate Gaussian model for filling in missing amplitudes based on the relationship between amplitude and prephase noise. We apply the technique to eastern Asia for Lg signals at 1 Hz using data from 1651 earthquakes recorded at 12 stations. Tomographic patterns correlate well with those expected from geophysical considerations (e.g., high attenuation in Tibet and low attenuation up into the stable regions of Kazakhstan). Many of the large cratonic basins surrounding the Tibet Plateau (e.g., Tarim, Junggar) show reduced attenuation consistent with the hypothesis that they represent regions of stronger lithosphere. Data augmentation tends to increase attenuation in Tibet (particularly western Tibet) and the cratonic basins to the North of but not to the East of Tibet. In addition, the resulting models are much smoother than models that do not account for censoring. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taylor, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, POB 1663,EES-11,F665, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 795 EP 803 DI 10.1785/0120020010 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 677LX UT WOS:000182810100020 ER PT J AU Wiseman, GA Leigh, BR Erwin, WD Sparks, RB Podoloff, DA Schilder, RJ Bartlett, NL Spies, SM Grillo-Lopez, AJ Witzig, TE White, CA AF Wiseman, GA Leigh, BR Erwin, WD Sparks, RB Podoloff, DA Schilder, RJ Bartlett, NL Spies, SM Grillo-Lopez, AJ Witzig, TE White, CA TI Radiation dosimetry results front a phase II trial of ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin (TM)) radioimmunotherapy for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mild thrombocytopenia SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; radioimmunotherapy; Y-90 Zevalin; ibritumomab tiuxetan; rituximab ID B-CELL LYMPHOMA; IDEC-Y2B8 RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LOW-GRADE; I-131 AB This was a 30-patient Phase II trial of reduced-dose Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin(TM)) RIT for patients with low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell NHL and mild thrombocytopenia. Patients were given an imaging dose of In-111-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan for dosimetry measurements. One week later, patients were administered a therapeutic dose of 0.3 mCi/kg (11 MBq/kg) Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan. Both In-111- and Y-90-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan doses were preceded by an infusion of 250 mg/m(2) rituximab (Rituxan(R), MabThera(R)) an unlabeled chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, to clear peripheral blood B cells and improve biodistribution of the radiolabeled antibody. For all 30 patients, normal organ and red marrow radiation absorbed doses were well below protocol-defined limits of 2000 cGy and 300 cGy, respectively. Median radiation absorbed doses were 48 cGy to red marrow.(range: 6.5-95 cGy), 393 cGy to liver (range: 92-1581 cGy), 522 cGy to spleen (range: 165-1711 cGy), 162 cGy to lungs (41-295 cGy), and 14 cGy to kidneys (0.03-65 cGy). Though most correlative analyses were negative, certain analyses demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between the severity or duration of thrombocytopenia and pharmacokinetic or dosimetric parameters. These correlations were not consistent across the total patient population, and therefore, could not be exploited to predict hematologic toxicity. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Nucl Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Idec Pharmaceut Corp, San Diego, CA USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Robert H Lurie Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. RP Wiseman, GA (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Nucl Med, Charlton Bldg 1-223,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1089/108497803765036337 PG 14 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 676AV UT WOS:000182730500004 PM 12804042 ER PT J AU DeNardo, G Yuan, A Goldstein, D Richman, C O'Donnell, R Shen, S Siantar, CH DeNardo, S AF DeNardo, G Yuan, A Goldstein, D Richman, C O'Donnell, R Shen, S Siantar, CH DeNardo, S TI Impact of interpatient pharmacokinetic variability on design considerations for therapy with radiolabeled MAbs SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiopharmaceutical Internal Dosimetry CY APR 17-19, 2002 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; RADIATION-DOSIMETRY; THYROID-CANCER; RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MARROW DOSIMETRY; BONE-MARROW; I-131; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; CARCINOMA AB Radionuclides provide biologically-distributed vehicles for radiotherapy of multifocal cancer. Two algorithms, fixed vs individualized, have been used to prescribe the therapeutic dose of radionuclide (GBq) for the patient. The individualized method for prescribing radionuclide dose takes variations in drug pharmacokinetics into consideration, whereas the fixed method depends, in part, on documentation that there is little interpatient pharmacokinetic variability for the radiolabeled drug. Two data bases, selected to compare iodine-131 (I-131) and indium-111(In-111) labeled MAbs, were used to assess interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and its impact on radionuclide dose prescription. Pharmacokinetic data obtained over 7 days for non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) patients given I-131-Lym-1 (n = 46) or I In-111-Lym-1 (n = 13) were used to obtain cumulated activities. Although I-131-Lym-1 often showed greater interpatient variability, In-111-Lym-1 showed several-fold variability for many tissues. Both I-131- and In-111-Lym-1 had sufficient interpatient variability to be significant for radionuclide dose prescription, depending on the dose-limiting critical tissue. Interpatient variability exceeded intra- and interoperator variability and intrapatient variability over time for a single institution. In summary, the magnitude of interpatient pharmacokinetic variability for I-131- and In-111-Lym-1 suggested that an optimally safe and effective therapy can be best achieved when radionuclide dose is influenced by estimated radiation dose, if the latter is reproducible from institution to institution. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Radiat Oncol, Birmingham, AL USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA USA. RP DeNardo, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 1508 Alkambra Blvd,Room 3100, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA 47829] NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1089/108497803765036409 PG 7 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 676AV UT WOS:000182730500011 PM 12804049 ER PT J AU Dang, LTN Stolte, WC Ohrwall, G SantAnna, MM Dominguez-Lopez, I Schlachter, AS Lindle, DW AF Dang, LTN Stolte, WC Ohrwall, G SantAnna, MM Dominguez-Lopez, I Schlachter, AS Lindle, DW TI Core-level anionic photofragmentation of OCS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-PAIR FORMATION; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; CONTAINING MOLECULES; PHOTOEXCITATION; SULFUR; DECAY; EXCITATION; CARBON; OXYGEN; DISSOCIATION AB Mass spectroscopy is used to study the formation of the S-, C-, and O- anions after photoexcitation of OCS in the vicinity of the S 2p and C 1s ionization thresholds. Anions are observed both below and above these thresholds. Because anion production is known to be suppressed at core-level shape resonances, the anion measurements serve as a suggestive and complementary tool for identifying above-threshold features in OCS photoabsorption. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Natl Metrol, Qreretaro 76900, Mexico. RP Stolte, WC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM wcstolte@lbl.gov RI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/B-9355-2013; Dominguez-Lopez, Ivan/B-6072-2016 OI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/0000-0001-5342-5799; Dominguez-Lopez, Ivan/0000-0001-8084-8711 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(02)00784-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 659QL UT WOS:000181788600005 ER PT J AU Bozek, JD Canton, SE Kukk, E Berrah, N AF Bozek, JD Canton, SE Kukk, E Berrah, N TI Vibrationally resolved resonant Auger spectroscopy of formaldehyde at the C 1s(-1)pi* resonance SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION SOURCES; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FREE ATOMS; MOLECULES; DECAY; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; RAMAN; HCL AB Vibrationally resolved resonant Auger spectra of gaseous formaldehyde have been measured under resonant Raman conditions at several photon energies on the C 1s(-1)pi* resonance. Specific vibrational states of the C 1s(-1)pi* resonance were selectively populated by utilizing high-resolution photoexcitation. Participator Auger decay of the excited state populates mainly the A-D ionic states, without any discernable increase in the intensity of the X state. The vibrational manifold of the A state band was examined in detail for non-resonant and resonant photoionization. While the v(2) vibrational mode was found to account for most of the structure in the non-resonant spectrum, strong excitations of the v(1) mode were found in the resonant spectrum with decreased intensity in the higher v(2) vibrations. Intensity distribution among the v(2) levels of the ionic A and B states in the resonant Auger decay were found to reproduce the v(2) level accessed in the photoabsorption. Both of these observations were attributed to changes in the potential energy surfaces of the core excited and ionic states, namely, lengthening of the C=O bond in the core excited and ionic states relative to the ground electronic state of the molecule, and shortening of the C-H bond in the excited state only. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Oulu, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-90401 Oulu, Finland. RP Bozek, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Canton, Sophie/A-8432-2016 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 1 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(02)01050-9 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 659QL UT WOS:000181788600014 ER PT J AU Boysen, H Wozny, G Guiochon, G AF Boysen, H Wozny, G Guiochon, G TI Influence of column construction on the HPLC process SO CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK LA German DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMNS; SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; VISUALIZATION; COMPRESSION; BED C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Fachgebiet Prozess & Anlagentech, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Boysen, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Fachgebiet Prozess & Anlagentech, Str 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0009-286X J9 CHEM-ING-TECH JI Chem. Ing. Tech. PD APR PY 2003 VL 75 IS 4 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1002/cite.200390072 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 669JZ UT WOS:000182349300006 ER PT J AU Bencharit, S Morton, CL Hyatt, JL Kuhn, P Danks, MK Potter, PM Redinbo, MR AF Bencharit, S Morton, CL Hyatt, JL Kuhn, P Danks, MK Potter, PM Redinbo, MR TI Crystal structure of human carboxylesterase 1 complexed with the Alzheimer's drug tacrine: From binding promiscuity to selective inhibition SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LIVER CARBOXYLESTERASE; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BACK DOOR; METABOLISM; DISEASE; SITE; IDENTIFICATION AB Human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) is a broad-spectrum bioscavenger that plays important roles in narcotic metabolism, clinical prodrug activation, and the processing of fatty acid and cholesterol derivatives. We determined the 2.4 A crystal structure of hCE1 in complex with tacrine, the first drug approved for treating Alzheimer's disease, and compare this structure to the Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (AcChE-)tacrine complex. Tacrine binds in multiple orientations within the catalytic gorge of hCE1, while it stacks in the smaller AcChE active site between aromatic side chains. Our results show that hCE1's promiscuous action on distinct substrates is enhanced by its ability to interact with ligands in multiple orientations at once. Further, we use our structure to identify tacrine derivatives that act as low-micromolar inhibitors of hCE1 and may provide new avenues for treating narcotic abuse and cholesterol-related diseases. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Dent, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Redinbo, MR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM redinbo@unc.edu RI Potter, Philip/J-4515-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA21765, CA76202, CA77340, CA79763, CA98468]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK62229] NR 55 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 8 U2 24 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1016/S1074-5521(03)00071-1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 692EF UT WOS:000183647300006 PM 12725862 ER PT J AU Mertens, A Verhamme, P Bielicki, JK Phillips, MC Quarck, R Verreth, W Stengel, D Ninio, E Navab, M Mackness, B Mackness, M Holvoet, P AF Mertens, A Verhamme, P Bielicki, JK Phillips, MC Quarck, R Verreth, W Stengel, D Ninio, E Navab, M Mackness, B Mackness, M Holvoet, P TI Increased low-density lipoprotein oxidation and impaired high-density lipoprotein antioxidant defense are associated with increased macrophage homing and atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic obese mice - LCAT gene transfer decreases atherosclerosis SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; obesity; hypercholesterolemia; lipoproteins ID PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR; LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; APOE-DEFICIENT MICE; OXIDIZED LDL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FACTOR-ACETYLHYDROLASE; ARTERY DISEASE; HUMAN-PLASMA; PARAOXONASE AB Background-Obesity-associated dyslipidemia in humans is associated with increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Mice with combined leptin and LDL receptor deficiency are obese and show severe dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. We investigated the association between oxidation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) antioxidant defense, and atherosclerosis in these mice. Methods and Results-LDL receptor knockout (LDLR-/-), leptin-deficient (ob/ob), double-mutant (LDLR-/-; ob/ob), and C57BL6 mice were fed standard chow. Double-mutant mice had higher levels of non-HDL (P<0.001) and HDL (P<0.01) cholesterol and of triglycerides (P<0.001). They also had higher oxidative stress, evidenced by higher titers of autoantibodies against malondialdehyde-modified LDL (P<0.001). C57BL6 and ob/ob mice had no detectable lesions. Lesions covered 20% of total area of the thoracic abdominal aorta in double-mutant mice compared with 3.5% in LDLR-/- mice (P<0.01). Higher macrophage homing and accumulation of oxidized apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins were associated with larger plaque volumes in the aortic root of double-mutant mice (P<0.01). The activity of the HDL-associated antioxidant enzymes paraoxonase and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (ANOVA; P<0.0001 for both) was lower in double-mutant mice. Adenovirus-mediated LCAT gene transfer in double-mutant mice increased plasma LCAT activity by 64% (P<0.01) and reduced the titer of autoantibodies by 40% (P<0.01) and plaque volume in the aortic root by 42% (P<0.05) at 6 weeks. Conclusions-Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in obese LDL receptor-deficient mice are associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired HDL-associated antioxidant defense, evidenced by decreased paraoxonase and LCAT activity. Transient LCAT overexpression was associated with a reduction of oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Expt Surg & Anesthesiol, Cardiovasc Res Unit, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Joseph Stokes Jr Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Paris 06, Inst Federatif CMV, INSERM, U525, Paris, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Med, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England. RP Holvoet, P (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Expt Surg & Anesthesiol, Cardiovasc Res Unit, Campus Gasthuisberg,O&N,Herestr 49, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL22633] NR 35 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 12 BP 1640 EP 1646 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000056523.08033.9F PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 662DG UT WOS:000181930500014 PM 12668499 ER PT J AU Wullschleger, SD Difazio, SP AF Wullschleger, SD Difazio, SP TI Emerging use of gene expression microarrays in plant physiology SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Plant and Animal Genome Conference CY JAN 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE cDNA; expression profile; genomics; hybridization; oligonucleotide; plant physiology; stress ID LOW WATER POTENTIALS; MAIZE PRIMARY ROOT; ABSCISIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; DEVELOPING COTTON FIBERS; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; DNA MICROARRAYS; ELONGATION; GENOMICS; GROWTH; DROUGHT AB Microarrays have become an important technology for the global analysis of gene expression in humans, animals, plants, and microbes. Implemented in the context of a well-designed experiment, cDNA and oligonucleotide arrays can provide high-throughput, simultaneous analysis of transcript abundance for hundreds, if not thousands, of genes. However, despite widespread acceptance, the use of microarrays as a tool to better understand processes of interest to the plant physiologist is still being explored. To help illustrate current uses of microarrays in the plant sciences, several case studies that we believe demonstrate the emerging application of gene expression arrays in plant physiology were selected from among the many posters and presentations at the 2003 Plant and Animal Genome XI Conference. Based on this survey, microarrays are being used to assess gene expression in plants exposed to the experimental manipulation of air temperature, soil water content and aluminium concentration in the root zone. Analysis often includes characterizing transcript profiles for multiple post-treatment sampling periods and categorizing genes with common patterns of response using hierarchical clustering techniques. In addition, microarrays are also providing insights into developmental changes in gene expression associated with fibre and root elongation in cotton and maize, respectively. Technical and analytical limitations of microarrays are discussed and projects attempting to advance areas of microarray design and data analysis are highlighted. Finally, although much work remains, we conclude that microarrays are a valuable tool for the plant physiologist interested in the characterization and identification of individual genes and gene families with potential application in the fields of agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD APR PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1002/cfg.277 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 676EM UT WOS:000182738500007 PM 18629133 ER PT J AU Plomion, C Cooke, J Richardson, T Mackay, J Tuskan, G AF Plomion, C Cooke, J Richardson, T Mackay, J Tuskan, G TI Report on the forest trees workshop at the plant and animal genome conference SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Plant and Animal Genome Conference CY JAN 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; WOOD FORMATION; PINE; BIOLOGY C1 INRA, UMR BioGeco, F-33612 Cestas, France. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. New Zealand Forest Res, Rotorua, New Zealand. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Plomion, C (reprint author), INRA, UMR BioGeco, 69 Route Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas, France. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Cooke, Janice /G-5906-2011; plomion, christophe/F-7578-2013; MacKay, John/M-6978-2014 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Cooke, Janice /0000-0002-4990-628X; MacKay, John/0000-0002-4883-195X NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD APR PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1002/cfg.262 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 676EM UT WOS:000182738500009 PM 18629127 ER PT J AU Long, JC Price, JC AF Long, JC Price, JC TI Current short-range tests of the gravitational inverse square law SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article DE gravitational experiments; extra dimensions; scalar fields; torsion pendulum; mechanical oscillators; scanning microscopy; Casimir force ID MACROSCOPIC FORCES; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; TORSION PENDULUM; GRAVITY; MILLIMETER; COUPLINGS; DISTANCES AB Motivated in large part by the possibility of observing signatures of compact extra dimensions, experimental searches for deviations from Newtonian gravity at short distances have improved in sensitivity by many orders of magnitude in the past five years. We review the essential features of the experiments responsible for the current limits on new effects in the range from a few microns to a few centimeters, and discuss prospects for the near future. (C) 2003 Academie des sciences. Published by Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 LANSCE, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Long, JC (reprint author), LANSCE, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, MS-H855, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S1631-0705(03)00042-2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 699ZC UT WOS:000184086800003 ER PT J AU Bacon, DH McGrail, BP AF Bacon, DH McGrail, BP TI Lessons learned from reactive transport modeling of a low-activity waste glass disposal system SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE numerical model; chemical transport; low-level waste; vadose zone; unsaturated flow AB A set of reactive chemical transport calculations were conducted with the Subsurface Transport Over Reactive Multiphases (STORM) code to evaluate the long-term performance of a representative low-activity waste glass in a shallow subsurface disposal system located on the Hanford site. Two different trench designs were considered, one with four rows of small waste packages (old design), the other with three layers of larger waste packages (new design). One-dimensional (1D) simulations were carried out to 20,000 yr, whereas two-dimensional (2D) simulations could only be carried out for 10,000 yr due to constraints on computational time. Both the 1D and 2D simulations predicted that the technetium release rate from the waste packages would be lower for the new trench design at times greater than 1 yr. Having fewer. larger waste packages decreases the glass surface area exposed to reaction with pore water. In the 2D simulations. water can flow around the waste packages, which causes a decrease in the water flux through the waste packages and lower release rates than predicted in the 1D simulations. This result reinforces the importance of performing multi-dimensional waste form release simulations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K9-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00011-6 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 679ZG UT WOS:000182951400010 ER PT J AU Lichtner, PC Felmy, AR AF Lichtner, PC Felmy, AR TI Estimation of Hanford SX tank waste compositions from historically derived inventories SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE reaction path; Pitzer equations; kinetic; rate limiter; Gibbs free energy minimization ID MULTIPHASE AB Migration of radionuclides under the SX-tank farm at the Hanford nuclear waste complex involves interaction of sediments with concentrated NaOH-NaNO3-NaNO2 solutions that leaked from the tanks. This study uses a reaction path calculation to estimate tank supernatant compositions from historical tank inventory data. The Pitzer activity coefficient algorithm based on the computer code GMIN is combined with the reactive transport code FLOTRAN to carry out the simulations. An extended version of the GMIN database is used which includes Al and Si species. In order for the reaction path calculations to converge, a pseudo-kinetic approach employing a rate limiter for precipitation kinetics is introduced. The rate limiter enables calculations to be carried out with the reaction path approach which previously could only be accomplished using a Gibbs free energy minimization technique. Because the final equilibrium state is independent of the reaction path, the value used for the rate limiter does not affect the calculation for the tank supernatant composition. Three different tanks are considered: SX-108, SX-109 and SX-115, with supernatant compositions ranging from extremely to moderately concentrated. Results of the simulations indicate that sodium concentrations much higher than previously expected are possible for the SX-108 tank. This result has important implications for the migration of cesium released from the tank within the vadose zone. The mineral cancrinite was predicted to form in all three tanks consistent with recent experiments. The calculated supernatant pH ranged from 14 to 12.8 for the tanks considered and Eh was mildly reducing determined by the redox couple NO3-NO2. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lichtner, PC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 371 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00012-8 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 679ZG UT WOS:000182951400011 ER PT J AU Glassley, WE Nitao, JJ Grant, CW Johnson, JW Steefel, CI Kercher, JR AF Glassley, WE Nitao, JJ Grant, CW Johnson, JW Steefel, CI Kercher, JR TI The impact of climate change on vadose zone pore waters and its implication for long-term monitoring SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE vadose zone; pore water chemistry; climate change; monitoring; reactive transport; nuclear waste disposal; massively parallel computers ID LATE QUATERNARY LACUSTRINE; NEW-MEXICO; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL-WATER; CHLORIDE; MIGRATION AB Protecting groundwater is of growing interest as pressure on these resources grows. Recharge of groundwater takes place through the vadose zone, where complex interactions between thermal-hydrological-geochemicaI processes affect water quality. Monitoring processes in the vadose zone is an important means of evaluating the long-term health of aquifer systems. and has become an integral part of many subsurface engineering efforts. Monitoring such systems, however, may be affected by changes in climate that slowly propagate through vadose zone systems. We describe in this paper the use of NUFT-C, a reactive transport simulator designed to run on a high performance, massively parallel computer. to compare quantitatively the evolution of a deep vadose zone with changes expected from an engineered high-level nuclear waste repository. The results suggest that the impacts from waste emplacement are, in some instances, similar to those that would be observed as a result of climate change, whereas others are distinguishable from evolution of the natural system. Such simulations facilitate design of long-term monitoring programs that take account of these complex effect S. The results emphasize the importance of developing long-term baseline measurements and control sites, in order to enhance confidence in interpretations of complexly evolving data sets that will be obtained from multi-decade monitoring efforts. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glassley, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 399 EP 411 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00014-1 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 679ZG UT WOS:000182951400013 ER PT J AU Kobos, PH Erickson, JD Drennen, TE AF Kobos, PH Erickson, JD Drennen, TE TI Scenario analysis of Chinese passenger vehicle growth SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 75th Annual Conference of the Western-Economic-Association-International CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Western Econ Assoc Int ID OWNERSHIP AB This article reports on a simulation and scenario analysis of Chinese passenger vehicle growth and resulting energy demand and CO2 emissions, Pie model includes provincial level logistic, growth functions with saturation levels representative of neighboring Asian economies, income growth measured in international dollars, and both estimated and literature-based income elasticities. Scenarios explore variation in key, parameters, including income and population growth rates, elasticity income ranges fuel economy, and vehicle saturation. Countrywide base case results estimate growth from 4.22 to 54.33 passenger vehicles per thousand people from 1995 to 2025, Resulting passenger vehicle oil demands and CO2 emissions increase nearly 17-fold. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Off Chief Economist, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Hobart & William Smith Coll, Coll Econ, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Kobos, PH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Off Chief Economist, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Erickson, Jon/C-4020-2009 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD APR PY 2003 VL 21 IS 2 BP 200 EP 217 DI 10.1093/cep/byg005 PG 18 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 665DC UT WOS:000182103500005 ER PT J AU Wolf, DM Arkin, AP AF Wolf, DM Arkin, AP TI Motifs, modules and games in bacteria SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-KINASE CASCADE; YEAST-CELL CYCLE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REGULATORY NETWORKS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CIRCADIAN OSCILLATOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; METABOLIC NETWORKS; POSITIVE FEEDBACK AB Global explorations of regulatory network dynamics, organization and evolution have become tractable thanks to high-throughput sequencing and molecular measurement of bacterial physiology. From these, a nascent conceptual framework is developing, that views the principles of regulation in term of motifs, modules and games. Motifs are small, repeated, and conserved biological units ranging from molecular domains to small reaction networks. They are arranged into functional modules, genetically dissectible cellular functions such as the cell cycle, or different stress responses. The dynamical functioning of modules defines the organism's strategy to survive in a game, pitting cell against cell, and cell against environment. Placing pathway structure and dynamics into an evolutionary context begins to allow discrimination between those physical and molecular features that particularize a species to its surroundings, and those that provide core physiological function. This approach promises to generate a higher level understanding of cellular design, pathway evolution and cellular bioengineering. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn,Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem,Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arkin, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn,Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 3-144, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 105 TC 178 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 17 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00033-X PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679KZ UT WOS:000182922400007 PM 12732301 ER PT J AU Gnanakaran, S Nymeyer, H Portman, J Sanbonmatsu, KY Garcia, AE AF Gnanakaran, S Nymeyer, H Portman, J Sanbonmatsu, KY Garcia, AE TI Peptide folding simulations SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INTRAMOLECULAR CONTACT FORMATION; FREE-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; IMPLICIT SOLVENT MODELS; BETA-HAIRPIN FORMATION; EXPLICIT WATER; MULTICANONICAL ALGORITHM; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SIDE-CHAIN; PROTEIN AB Developments in the design of small peptides that mimic proteins in complexity, recent advances in nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopy methods to study peptides and the development of modern, highly parallel simulation algorithms have come together to give us a detailed picture of peptide folding dynamics. Two newly implemented simulation techniques, parallel replica dynamics and replica exchange molecular dynamics, can now describe directly from simulations the kinetics and thermodynamics of peptide formation, respectively. Given these developments, the simulation community now has the tools to verify and validate simulation protocols and models (forcefields). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gnanakaran, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, T10MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 65 TC 163 Z9 169 U1 2 U2 20 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0959-440X(03)00040-X PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 682LA UT WOS:000183092100004 PM 12727509 ER PT J AU Alm, E Arkin, AP AF Alm, E Arkin, AP TI Biological networks SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MICROBIAL GENOMES; COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; METABOLIC NETWORKS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; GENE-EXPRESSION; YEAST PROTEOME AB Recent advances in high-throughput methods have provided us with a first glimpse of the overall structure of molecular interaction networks in biological systems. Ultimately, we expect that such information will change how we think about biological systems in a fundamental way. Instead of viewing the genetic parts list of an organism as a loose collection of biochemical activities, in the best case, we anticipate discrete networks of function to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype, and to do so in a more profound way than the current qualitative classification of linked reactions into familiar pathways, such as glycolysis and the MAPK signal transduction cascades. At the present time, however, we are still far from a complete answer to the most basic question: what can we learn about biology by studying networks? Promising steps in this direction have come from such diverse approaches as mathematical analysis of global network structure, partitioning networks into functionally related modules and motifs, and even de novo design of networks. A complete picture will probably require integrating the data obtained from all of these approaches with modeling efforts at many different levels of detail. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alm, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1Cyclotron Rd MS Calvin, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 67 TC 157 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 16 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0959-440X(03)00031-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 682LA UT WOS:000183092100007 PM 12727512 ER PT J AU Hopfner, KP Tainer, JA AF Hopfner, KP Tainer, JA TI Rad50/SMC proteins and ABC transporters: unifying concepts from high-resolution structures SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATP-BINDING-CASSETTE; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; 2-CYLINDER ENGINE MECHANISM; DNA MISMATCH REPAIR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SMC PROTEINS; ACTIVE-SITE; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-type ATPases are chemo-mechanical engines for diverse biological pathways. ABC ATPase domains act not only in ABC transporters but also in DNA mismatch, nucleotide excision and double-strand break repair enzymes, as well as in chromosome segregation. Atomic-resolution crystal structures suggest molecular mechanisms for ABC ATPases and reveal surprisingly significant mechanistic and architectural conservation. This emerging unified structural biochemistry provides general medical and biological insights into how ABC proteins function as chemo-mechanical devices. ATP binding by the signature and Q-loop motifs drives the conformations of substrate-specific domains to accomplish diverse functions in transmembrane transport and DNA repair. C1 Univ Munich, Gene Ctr, D-81377 Munich, Germany. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hopfner, KP (reprint author), Univ Munich, Gene Ctr, Feodor Lynen Str 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany. RI Hopfner, Karl-Peter/B-6864-2014 OI Hopfner, Karl-Peter/0000-0002-4528-8357 FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA92584] NR 55 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0959-440X(03)00037-X PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 682LA UT WOS:000183092100015 PM 12727520 ER PT J AU Nogales, E Wang, HW Niederstrasser, H AF Nogales, E Wang, HW Niederstrasser, H TI Tubulin rings: which way do they curve? SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROTUBULE DEPOLYMERIZING ACTIVITY; ALPHA-BETA-TUBULIN; GAMMA-TUBULIN; RESOLUTION; PROTOFILAMENT; COMPLEX; CRYSTALLIZATION; STABILIZATION; KINESINS; SHEETS AB Tubulin is known to exist in at least two main conformations: straight when bound to GTP or buried within the microtubule lattice, and curved when bound to GDP. The latter is most obvious during microtubule depolymerization, when protofilaments bend and peel off from microtubule ends. The curved, low-energy subunits form tantalizing ring structures in the presence of stabilizing divalent cations. Interestingly, cellular factors and antimitotic agents that act by depolymerizing microtubules can induce the formation of rings. In these rings, tubulin dimers generally appear kinked at the monomer-monomer interface, either to the same or to a lesser extent than at the dimer-dimer interface, with each agent giving rise to particular subtleties in the structures of the rings and the tubulin dimer itself that may reflect their distinctive mechanisms of action. How these kinks relate to what happens when the stored energy of GTP hydrolysis is released, freeing GDP.tubulin into an unconstrained state, remains an open question. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Mol & Cell Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Mol & Cell Biol Dept, 355 Life Sci Addit, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 7 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0959-440X(03)00029-0 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 682LA UT WOS:000183092100016 PM 12727521 ER PT J AU Chandru, V DattaSharma, A Kumar, VSA AF Chandru, V DattaSharma, A Kumar, VSA TI The algorithmics of folding proteins on lattices SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE PREDICTION; COMPLEXITY; MODEL AB It should be possible to predict the fold of a protein into its native conformation, once we are given the sequence of the constituent amino acids. This is known as the protein structure prediction problem and is sometimes referred to as the problem of deciphering the second half of the genetic code. While large proteins fold in nature in seconds, computational chemists and biologists have found that folding proteins to their minimum energy conformations is a challenging unsolved optimization problem. Computational complexity theory has been useful in explaining, at least partially, this (Levinthal's) paradox. The pedagogic cross-disciplinary survey by Ngo, Marks and Karplus (Computational Complexity, Protein Structure Prediction and the Levinthal Paradox, Birkhauser, Basel, 1994) provides an excellent starting point for non-biologists to take a plunge into the problem of folding proteins. Since then, there has been remarkable progress in the algorithmics of folding proteins on discrete lattice models, an account of which is presented herein. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Tech Univ Munich, Zentrum Math, D-80290 Munich, Germany. RP Kumar, VSA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, D-2,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chandru@csa.iisc.ernet.in; abhi@mathematik.tu-muenchen.de; anil@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 127 IS 1 BP 145 EP 161 AR PII S0166-218X(02)00381-5 DI 10.1016/S0166-218X(02)00381-5 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 659ME UT WOS:000181779800010 ER PT J AU Li, X Yan, Y Gessert, TA DeHart, C Perkins, CL Young, D Coutts, TJ AF Li, X Yan, Y Gessert, TA DeHart, C Perkins, CL Young, D Coutts, TJ TI p-type ZnO thin films formed by CVD reaction of diethylzinc and NO gas SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION AB We discuss the use of nitric oxide (NO) gas to dope ZnO p-type films, fabricated using metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction of a Zn metallorganic precursor and NO gas. In this reaction, NO gas is used to supply both O and N to form a N-doped ZnO (ZnO:N) film. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis indicated that, under Zn-rich condition, the N concentration in the film is readily detectable, with the highest concentration being similar to3 atom %. For concentrations greater than 2 atom %, the films are p-type. The carrier concentration varies from 1.0 x 10(15) to 1.0 x 10(18) cm(-3) and the mobility is approximately 10(-1) cm(2) V-1 s(-1). The minimum film resistivity achieved is similar to20 Omega cm. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD APR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 BP C56 EP C58 DI 10.1149/1.1554292 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 648JW UT WOS:000181148900007 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Khim, ZG Park, YD Norton, DP Budai, JD Boatner, LA Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG AF Lee, JS Khim, ZG Park, YD Norton, DP Budai, JD Boatner, LA Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG TI Effects of Co implantation in BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and KTaO3 SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED ZNO; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETOTRANSPORT AB The implantation at elevated temperatures of Co into single-crystal BaTiO3 (K), SrTiO3, or KTaO3 (Ca), followed by annealing at 700degreesC, produced ferromagnetic behavior over a broad range of cobalt concentrations. For BaTiO3, this process produced magnetic ordering temperatures above 300 K with coercivities less than or equal to70 Oe. The magnetization-temperature (M-T) plots showed a near-linear decrease of magnetization with increasing temperature. No secondary phases were detected within the sensitivity of high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Similar results were observed for both SrTiO3 and KTaO3. Our results are consistent with recent reports of room temperature ferromagnetism in other perovskite systems such as LaBaMnO3 and theoretical predictions for transition metal doping of BaTiO3. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD APR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 BP J1 EP J3 DI 10.1149/1.1558353 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 648JW UT WOS:000181148900017 ER PT J AU Vine, E Hamrin, J Eyre, N Crossley, D Maloney, M Watt, G AF Vine, E Hamrin, J Eyre, N Crossley, D Maloney, M Watt, G TI Public policy analysis of energy efficiency and load management in changing electricity businesses SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE restructuring; policy analysis; energy efficiency AB The focus of this paper is (1) the potential effectiveness of the reform of the electricity industry on promoting energy efficiency and load management, and (2) the potential effectiveness of new mechanisms for promoting energy efficiency and load management. Many countries are initiating reforms of their power sectors to stimulate private investment, increase operation and management efficiencies, and lower the cost of power. These countries are unbundling vertically integrated utilities into distinct generation, transmission, distribution and retail supply companies; introducing commercial management principles to government-owned monopolies; and in many cases transferring operation or ownership to private companies. Electric industry restructuring may force regulators and policy makers to re-examine existing mechanisms for promoting load management and energy efficiency. In some cases, electric industry restructuring replaces the long-standing relationship between a single monopoly provider and protected customer franchise with a new set of relationships among retail electricity suppliers and customers who may now be free to choose suppliers. In these types of situations, markets, not government regulators and utility monopolies, are seen as determining future energy production and consumption decisions. However, it is uncertain whether this type of restructuring will overcome important market barriers to energy efficiency that limit markets for energy-efficient products and services from functioning effectively. As a result of these barriers, a large, untapped potential for cost-effective energy-efficiency investments exists. Supporters of public policies argue that energy-efficiency programs are an appropriate government strategy to capture economic efficiencies that the market cannot secure unassisted. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vine, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD APR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 5 BP 405 EP 430 AR PII S0301-4215(02)00071-X DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00071-X PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642GC UT WOS:000180795000002 ER PT J AU Ricci, PF Rice, D Ziagos, J Cox, LA AF Ricci, PF Rice, D Ziagos, J Cox, LA TI Precaution, uncertainty and causation in environmental decisions SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE precautionary principle; variability; uncertain causation; probabilistic reasoning; Bayesian methods; interval analysis; probability bounds; statistical methods ID PRINCIPLE; RISK; STATISTICS; CAUSALITY; SCIENCE; MODEL AB What measures of uncertainty and what causal analysis can improve the management of potentially severe, irreversible or dreaded environmental outcomes? Environmental choices show that policies intended to be precautionary (such as adding MTBE to petrol) can cause unanticipated harm (by mobilizing benzene, a known leukemogen, in the ground water). Many environmental law principles set the boundaries of what should be done but do not provide an operational construct to answer this question. Those principles, ranging from the precautionary principle to protecting human health from a significant risk of material health impairment, do not explain how to make environmental management choices when incomplete, inconsistent and complex scientific evidence characterizes potentially adverse environmental outcomes. Rather, they pass the task to lower jurisdictions such as agencies or authorities. To achieve the goals of the principle, those who draft it must deal with scientific casual conjectures, partial knowledge and variable data. In this paper we specifically deal with the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the European Union's (EU) explanation of consistency and on the examination of scientific developments relevant to variability and uncertain data and causation. Managing hazards under the precautionary principle requires inductive, empirical methods of assessment. However, acting on a scientific conjecture can also be socially unfair, costly, and detrimental when applied to complex environmental choices. We describe a constructive framework rationally to meet the command of the precautionary principle using alternative measures of uncertainty and recent statistical methods of causal analysis. These measures and methods can bridge the gap between conjectured future irreversible or severe harm and scant scientific evidence, thus leading to more confident and resilient social choices. We review two sets of measures and computational systems to deal with uncertainty and link them to causation through inductive empirical methods such as Bayesian Networks. We conclude that primary legislation concerned with large uncertainties and potential severe or dreaded environmental outcomes can produce accurate and efficient choices. To do so, primary legislation should specifically indicate what measures can represent uncertainty and how to deal with uncertain causation thus providing guidance to an agency's rulemaking or to an authority's writing secondary legislation. A corollary conclusion with legal, scientific and probabilistic implications concerns how to update past information when the state of information increases because a failure to update can result in regretting past choices. Elected legislators have the democratic mandate to formulate precautionary principles and are accountable. To preserve that mandate, imbedding formal methods to represent uncertainty in the statutory language of the precautionary principle enhances subsequent judicial review of legislative actions. The framework that we propose also reduces the Balkanized views and interpretations of probabilities, possibilities, likelihood and uncertainty that exists in environmental decision-making. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Cox & Associates, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80218 USA. RP Ricci, PF (reprint author), Univ San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM apricci@eatrthlink.net NR 59 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD APR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00191-5 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659AB UT WOS:000181753100001 PM 12605931 ER PT J AU Baker, BJ Moser, DP MacGregor, BJ Fishbain, S Wagner, M Fry, NK Jackson, B Speolstra, N Loos, S Takai, K Lollar, BS Fredrickson, J Balkwill, D Onstott, TC Wimpee, CF Stahl, DA AF Baker, BJ Moser, DP MacGregor, BJ Fishbain, S Wagner, M Fry, NK Jackson, B Speolstra, N Loos, S Takai, K Lollar, BS Fredrickson, J Balkwill, D Onstott, TC Wimpee, CF Stahl, DA TI Related assemblages of sulphate-reducing bacteria associated with ultradeep gold mines of South Africa and deep basalt aquifers of Washington State SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSIMILATORY SULFITE REDUCTASE; ANNELID ALVINELLA-POMPEJANA; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; GENE-SEQUENCES; DESULFOTOMACULUM-THERMOCISTERNUM; ARCHAEOGLOBUS-FULGIDUS; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA AB We characterized the diversity of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) associated with South African gold mine boreholes and deep aquifer systems in Washington State, USA. Sterile cartridges filled with crushed country rock were installed on two hydrologically isolated and chemically distinct sites at depths of 3.2 and 2.7 km below the land surface (kmbls) to allow development of biofilms. Enrichments of sulphate-reducing chemolithotrophic (H-2 ) and organotrophic (lactate) bacteria were established from each site under both meso- and thermophilic conditions. Dissimilatory sulphite reductase (Dsr) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes amplified from DNA extracted from the cartridges were most closely related to the Gram-positive species Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans and Desulfotomaculum geothermicum , or affiliated with a novel deeply branching clade. The dsr sequences recovered from the Washington State deep aquifer systems affiliated closely with the South African sequences, suggesting that Gram-positive sulphate-reducing bacteria are widely distributed in the deep subsurface. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Mikrobiol, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, PHLS, Resp & System Infect Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Driefontein Consolidated Min Co, Carletonville, South Africa. Univ Mainz, Inst Geowissensch, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3D1, Canada. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Stahl, DA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 2145 N Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI MacGregor, Barbara/D-9911-2013; Wagner, Michael/A-7801-2011; Baker, Brett/P-1783-2014 OI MacGregor, Barbara/0000-0003-1238-5799; Wagner, Michael/0000-0002-9778-7684; Baker, Brett/0000-0002-5971-1021 NR 70 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00408.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 660XY UT WOS:000181861500006 PM 12662174 ER PT J AU Takai, K Mormile, MR McKinley, JP Brockman, FJ Holben, WE Kovacik, WP Fredrickson, JK AF Takai, K Mormile, MR McKinley, JP Brockman, FJ Holben, WE Kovacik, WP Fredrickson, JK TI Shifts in archaeal communities associated with lithological and geochemical variations in subsurface Cretaceous rock SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SP-NOV; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DEEP; METHANETHIOL; GROUNDWATER AB Subsurface microbial community structure in relation to geochemical gradients and lithology was investigated using a combination of molecular phylogenetic and geochemical analyses. Discreet groundwater and substratum samples were obtained from depths ranging from 182 to 190 m beneath the surface at approximately 10-cm intervals using a multilevel sampler (MLS) that straddled Cretaceous shale and sandstone formations at a site in the southern San Juan Basin in New Mexico. DNA and RNA were extracted directly from quartzite sand substratum loaded into individual cells of the MLS and colonized in situ . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated T-RFLP analysis of archaeal rRNA genes (rDNA) in conjunction with partial sequencing analysis of archaeal rDNA libraries and quantitative RNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes were used to probe community structure and function. Although total microbial populations remained relatively constant over the entire depth interval sampled, significant shifts in archaeal populations, predominantly methanogens, were observed. These shifts coincided with the geochemical transition from relatively high methane (26 mM), low sulphate (< 3 mg l(-1) ) conditions in the region adjacent to the organic matter-rich shale to relatively low-methane (< 0.5 mM), high-sulphate (48 mg l(-1) ) conditions in the organic-poor sandstone beneath the shale. These results indicated that active, phylogenetically diverse archaeal communities were present in the subsurface Cretaceous rock environment at this site and that major archaeal clades shifted dramatically over scales of tens of centimetres, corresponding to changes in the lithology and geochemical gradients. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Deep Sea Microorganisms Res Grp, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mailstop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov OI Mormile, Melanie/0000-0001-9054-2687 NR 46 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00421.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 660XY UT WOS:000181861500010 PM 12662178 ER PT J AU Weber, AH Buckley, RL Parker, MJ Harvey, RP Hamby, DM AF Weber, AH Buckley, RL Parker, MJ Harvey, RP Hamby, DM TI The creation of an historical meteorological database for environmental dose assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE dose assessment; meteorology; wind roses AB The focus of this study is to develop wind data for the Savannah River Site (SRS) between 1955 and 1961 to be used in an assessment of estimates of atmospheric dispersion and downwind risk at the Savannah River Site. In particular, a study of the uncertainties of radioiodine dosimetry from the late 1950s provides the underlying motivation for developing historical windroses at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Wind measurement towers did not exist at the SRS until the early 1970s. Three relatively simple methods were used to create a 1955-1961 meteorological database for the SRS for a dose reconstruction project. The winds were estimated from onsite measurements in the 1990s and National Weather Service (NWS) observations in the 1990s and 1950s using (1) a linear regression method, (2) a similarity theory approach, and (3) a simple statistical differences method. The criteria for determining success were based on (1) how well the mean values and standard deviations of the predicted wind speed agree with the known SRS values from the 1990s, (2) the shape of the predicted frequency distribution functions for wind speed, and (3) how closely the predicted windroses resembled the SRS windrose for the 1990s. The linear regression model's wind speed distribution function was broad, flat, and skewed too much toward higher wind speeds. The similarity theory approach produced a wind speed distribution function that contained excess predicted speeds in the range 0-1.54 m s(-1) (0-3 kts) and had 'excluded' bins caused by predictions being made from integer values of knots in the NWS data. The distribution function from the mean difference method was smooth with a shape like a Weibull distribution with a shape parameter of 2 and appeared to resemble closely the SRS 1992-1996 distribution. The wind directions for all three methods of approach were successfully based on the mean difference method. It was difficult to discern differences among the wind roses produced by the three methods so the wind speed distribution functions need to be examined in order to make an informed choice for dose reconstruction. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Weber, AH (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 255 EP 281 DI 10.1023/A:1022624821528 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652HQ UT WOS:000181374100003 PM 12718512 ER PT J AU Walsh, ME Ugarte, DGD Shapouri, H Slinsky, SP AF Walsh, ME Ugarte, DGD Shapouri, H Slinsky, SP TI Bioenergy crop production in the United States - Potential quantities, land use changes, and economic impacts on the agricultural sector SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sustainable Energy CY MAY, 2000 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS DE agricultural income; bioenergy crops; biomass; Conservation Reserve Program; hybrid poplar; land-use changes; switchgrass; willow ID SWITCHGRASS; BIOMASS AB The U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energy jointly analyzed the economic potential for, and impacts of, large-scale bioenergy crop production in the United States. An agricultural sector model (POLYSYS) was modified to include three potential bioenergy crops (switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow). At farmgate prices of US $2.44/GJ, an estimated 17 million hectares of bioenergy crops, annually yielding 171 million dry Mg of biomass, could potentially be produced at a profit greater than existing agricultural uses for the land. The estimate assumes high productivity management practices are permitted on Conservation Reserve Program lands. Traditional crops prices are estimated to increase 9 to 14 percent above baseline prices and farm income increases annually by US $6.0 billion above baseline. At farmgate prices of US $1.83/GJ, an estimated 7.9 million hectares of bioenergy crops, annually yielding 55 million dry Mg of biomass, could potentially be produced at a profit greater than existing agricultural uses for the land. The estimate assumes management practices intended to achieve high environmental benefits on Conservation Reserve Program lands. Traditional crops prices are estimated to increase 4 to 9 percent above baseline prices and farm income increases annually by US $2.8 billion above baseline. C1 Univ Tennessee, USDA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Walsh, ME (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, USDA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 20 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 40 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 313 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1023625519092 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 675TL UT WOS:000182711700003 ER PT J AU Dong, HL Kukkadapu, RK Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Kennedy, DW Kostandarithes, HM AF Dong, HL Kukkadapu, RK Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Kennedy, DW Kostandarithes, HM TI Microbial reduction of structural Fe(III) in illite and goethite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; CLAY-MINERALS; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; SP-NOV; SMECTITE; SUBSURFACE; IRON; MICROORGANISMS; DISSOLUTION AB Microbial reduction of Fe(III) in illite was studied to evaluate the possibility of microbial utilization of Fe(III) in sedimentary clays and to determine the effects of bioreduction on clay composition and structure. A subsurface bacterium (Shewanella putrefaciens CN32) and illite separates (<0.2 mum) from St. Peter Formation sandstone in Ogle County, IL, were used in laboratory experiments. Illite suspensions buffered at pH 7 with bicarbonate were inoculated with CN32 and provided with H-2 as an electron donor. In selected treatments, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AUS), was included as an electron shuttle to facilitate the bioreduction. Fe(II) production in inoculated treatments was determined by extraction with 0.5 N HCl and compared to uninoculated controls to establish the extent of biological reduction. The resulting solids were characterized by Mossbauer spectroscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The characterization of the starting illite material revealed that it contained a minor component of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) in addition to fibrous illite. The starting material (both goethite and illite) contained 6% (w/w)total Fe and 82% of the total Fe was Fe(III). Approximately 30% of total Fe was associated with goethite. At the end of a 30-day incubation, residual goethite and illite remained. The extent of reduction was much greater in the presence of AQDS (25%) than in its absence (0%). Modeling of Mossbauer spectra of the bioreduced material indicated that both goethite and illite were reduced but to a different extent. Additionally, TEM evidence suggested that there was a dramatic change in illite morphology upon bioreduction from fibrous needles to plates. The ability of bacteria to utilize Fe(III) in illite has important implications for microbial functions and survival mechanisms, as well as many geological processes, in the subsurface. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. OI Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 33 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1268 EP 1276 DI 10.1021/es020919d PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662YM UT WOS:000181977000028 ER PT J AU Kelly, SD Newville, MG Cheng, L Kemner, KM Sutton, SR Fenter, P Sturchio, NC Spotl, C AF Kelly, SD Newville, MG Cheng, L Kemner, KM Sutton, SR Fenter, P Sturchio, NC Spotl, C TI Uranyl incorporation in natural calcite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; URANIUM; EXAFS; XAFS; COPRECIPITATION; LUMINESCENCE; COMPLEXES; SPECTRA; ACIDS AB The occurrence of trace amounts of uranyl in natural calcite has posed a long-standing problem in crystal chemistry because of speculation that the size and shape of the uranyl ion may preclude its incorporation in a stable lattice position in calcite. This also defines an important environmental problem because of its bearing on the transport and sequestration of uranyl released from nuclear facilities and uranium mining operations. Calcite is a nearly ubiquitous mineral in soils and groundwater aquifers. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microprobe studies of uranium in relatively U-rich similar to13 700-year-old calcite from a speleothem in northernmost Italy indicate substitution of uranyl for a calcium and two adjacent carbonate ions in calcite. These new data imply that uranyl has a stable lattice position in natural calcite, indicating that it may be reliably sequestered in calcite over long time scales. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Geol & Palaontol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sturchio@uic.edu RI Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 23 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 10 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1284 EP 1287 DI 10.1021/es025962f PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662YM UT WOS:000181977000030 ER PT J AU Leheny, RL Lee, YS Shirane, G Birgeneau, RJ AF Leheny, RL Lee, YS Shirane, G Birgeneau, RJ TI Spin wave propagation in the domain state of a random field magnet SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ANTI-FERROMAGNET; ISING-MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; MAGNETIZATION; MNXZN1-XF2; ANISOTROPY; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; PLANE AB Inelastic neutron scattering with high wave-vector resolution has characterized the propagation of transverse spin wave modes near the antiferromagnetic zone center in the metastable domain state of a random field Ising magnet. A well-defined, long wavelength excitation is observed despite the absence of long-range magnetic order. Direct comparisons with the spin wave dispersion in the long-range ordered antiferromagnetic state reveal no measurable effects from the domain structure. This result recalls analogous behavior in thermally disordered anisotropic spin chains but contrasts sharply with that of the phonon modes in relaxor ferroelectrics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Leheny, RL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 3 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2003-00099-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677ED UT WOS:000182793200004 ER PT J AU Ovehinnikov, YN Kresin, VZ AF Ovehinnikov, YN Kresin, VZ TI Relaxation cascade in solids: microscopic theory SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROMETERS; ELECTRON; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DETECTORS; RESOLUTION AB The relaxation of an electron excited to the high energy region, is accompanied by the creation of various excitations (plasmons, quasi-particles, phonons). The stages of this many-body, non-stationary phenomenon (cascade) are described microscopically. The electron distribution function n(epsilon, t) and characteristic times for the whole energy range, are calculated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 11733, Russia. RP Ovehinnikov, YN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 3 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2003-00101-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677ED UT WOS:000182793200006 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Derrick, M Drews, G Fourletova, J Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Matsushita, T Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Derrick, M Drews, G Fourletova, J Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Matsushita, T Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of event shapes in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; POWER CORRECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON SCATTERING; MOMENTUM SPECTRA; CROSS-SECTIONS; BREIT FRAME; QCD AB Inclusive event-shape variables have been measured in the current region of the Breit frame for neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering using an integrated luminosity of 45.0 pb(-1) collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The variables studied included thrust, jet broadening and invariant jet mass. The kinematic range covered was 10 < Q(2) < 20 480 GeV2 and 6 x 10(-4) < x < 0.6, where Q(2) is the virtuality of the exchanged boson and x is the Bjorken variable. The Q dependence of the shape variables has been used in conjunction with NLO perturbative calculations and the Dokshitzer-Webber non-perturbative corrections ('power corrections') to investigate the validity of this approach. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Aegean, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936 NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD APR PY 2003 VL 27 IS 4 BP 531 EP 545 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01148-x PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 675RD UT WOS:000182708200005 ER PT J AU Kytola, KPJ Seppala, ET Alava, MJ AF Kytola, KPJ Seppala, ET Alava, MJ TI Elastic manifolds in disordered environments: Energy statistics SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIRECTED POLYMERS; ZERO-TEMPERATURE; DOMAIN-WALLS; RANDOM-MEDIA; SYSTEMS; FLUCTUATIONS; INTERFACES; DIMENSIONS; LANDSCAPES AB The energy of an elastic manifold in a random landscape at T = 0 is shown numerically to obey a probability distribution that depends on the size of the box it is put into. If the extent of the spatial fluctuations of the manifold is much less than that of the system, a crossover takes place to the Gumbel distribution of extreme statistics. If they are comparable, the distributions have non-Gaussian, stretched exponential tails. The low-energy and high-energy stretching exponents are roughly independent of the internal dimension and the fluctuation degrees of freedom. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kytola, KPJ (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, POB 1100, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. RI Alava, Mikko/G-2202-2013; Kytola, Kalle/P-6621-2014 OI Alava, Mikko/0000-0001-9249-5079; Kytola, Kalle/0000-0002-2824-0490 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD APR PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-00360-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 661GB UT WOS:000181881900006 ER PT J AU Smith, BL Swift, GW AF Smith, BL Swift, GW TI A comparison between synthetic jets and continuous jets SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Experimental measurements and flow visualization of synthetic jets and continuous jets with matched Reynolds numbers are described. Although they have the same profile shape, synthetic jets are wider and slower than matched continuous jets. The synthetic jets are examined at higher Reynolds numbers than previously studied and over a large range of dimensionless stroke lengths. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, BL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, UMC 4130, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Smith, Barton/H-3585-2011 NR 15 TC 121 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 467 EP 472 DI 10.1007/S00348-002-0577-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 684HF UT WOS:000183198800003 ER PT J AU Gihring, TM Bond, PL Peters, SC Banfield, JF AF Gihring, TM Bond, PL Peters, SC Banfield, JF TI Arsenic resistance in the archaeon "Ferroplasma acidarmanus": new insights into the structure and evolution of the ars genes SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; resistance; ars; Ferroplasma acidarmantis; acidophile; evolution; phylogeny; genomics ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HYDRIDE GENERATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; OPERON; SEQUENCE; ATPASE; MICROORGANISMS; SPECIATION; OXIDATION AB Arsenic resistance in the acidophilic iron-oxidizing archaeon "Ferroplasma acidarmanus" was investigated. F. acidarmanus is native to arsenic-rich environments, and Culturing experiments confirm a high level of resistance to both arsenite and arsenate. Analyses of the complete genome revealed protein-encoding regions related to known arsenic-resistance genes. Genes encoding for ArsR (arsenite-sensitive regulator) and ArsB (arsenite-efflux pump) homologues were found located on a single operon. A gene encoding for an ArsA relative (anion-translocating ATPasc) located apart from the arsRB operon was also identified. Arsenate-resistance genes encoding for proteins homologous to the arsenate reductase ArsC and the phosphate-specific transporter Pst were not found, indicating that additional unknown arsenic-resistance genes exist for arsenate tolerance. Phylogenetic analyses of ArsA-related proteins suggest separate evolutionary lines for these proteins and offer new insights into the formation of the arsA gene. The ArsB-homologous protein of F. acidarmanus had a high degree of similarity to known ArsB proteins. An evolutionary analysis of ArsB homologues across a number of species indicated a clear relationship in close agreement with 16S rRNA evolutionary lines. These results support a hypothesis of arsenic resistance developing early in the evolution of life. C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gihring, TM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P76-50,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bond, Philip/C-6046-2009; OI Bond, Philip/0000-0002-9025-4797 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD APR PY 2003 VL 7 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s00792-002-0303-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 682JW UT WOS:000183089300005 PM 12664264 ER PT J AU Renk, TJ Olson, CL Tanaka, TJ Ulrickson, MA Rochau, GA Peterson, RR Golovkin, IE Thompson, MO Knowles, TR Raffray, AR Tillack, MS AF Renk, TJ Olson, CL Tanaka, TJ Ulrickson, MA Rochau, GA Peterson, RR Golovkin, IE Thompson, MO Knowles, TR Raffray, AR Tillack, MS TI IFE chamber dry wall materials response to pulsed X-rays and ions at power-plant level fluences SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Innovative Concepts for Plasma-Interactive Components CY MAY 23-25, 2002 CL OSAKA, JAPAN DE IFE chamber; dry wall materials; X-ray ID TUNGSTEN WIRE AB We have begun a collaborative investigation of the response of candidate first-wall inertial fusion energy (IFE) reactor chamber drywall materials to X-rays on the Z facility, and to ions on RHEPP-1, both located at Sandia National Laboratories. Dose levels are comparable to those anticipated in future direct-drive reactors. Due to the 5 - 10 Hz repetition rate expected in such reactors, per-pulse effects such as material removal must be negligible. The primary wall materials investigated here are graphite and tungsten in various forms. After exposure on either RHEPP or Z, materials were analyzed for roughening and/or material removal (ablation) as a function of dose. Graphite is observed to undergo significant ablation/sublimation in response to ion exposure at the 3-4 J/cm(2) level, significantly below doses expected in future dry-wall power plants. Evidence of thermomechanical stresses resulting in material loss occurs for both graphite and tungsten, and is probably related to the pulsed nature of the energy delivery. These effects are not seen in typical magnetic fusion energy (MFE) conditions where these same kinds of materials are used. Results are presented for thresholds below which no roughening or ablation occurs. Use of graphite in a 'velvet' two-dimensional form may mitigate the effects seen with the flat material, and alloying tungsten with rhenium may reduce its roughening due to the increased ductility of the alloy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Energy Sci Labs Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Renk, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Thompson, Michael/0000-0002-4933-009X NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD APR PY 2003 VL 65 IS 3 SI SI BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(03)00009-7 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 687UL UT WOS:000183395300008 ER PT J AU Majeski, R Boaz, M Hoffman, D Jones, B Kaita, R Kugel, H Munsat, T Spaleta, J Soukhanovskii, V Timberlake, J Zakharov, L Antar, G Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Conn, RW Finkenthal, M Stutman, D Maingi, R Ulrickson, M AF Majeski, R Boaz, M Hoffman, D Jones, B Kaita, R Kugel, H Munsat, T Spaleta, J Soukhanovskii, V Timberlake, J Zakharov, L Antar, G Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Conn, RW Finkenthal, M Stutman, D Maingi, R Ulrickson, M TI Plasma performance improvements with liquid lithium limiters in CDX-U SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Innovative Concepts for Plasma-Interactive Components CY MAY 23-25, 2002 CL OSAKA, JAPAN DE lithium; tokamak; limiter AB The use of flowing liquid lithium as a first wall for a reactor has potentially attractive physics and engineering features. The current drive experiment-upgrade (CDX-U) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has begun experiments with a fully toroidal liquid lithium limiter. CDX-U is a compact (R = 34 cm, a = 22 cm, B-toroidal = 2 kG, I-p = 100 kA, T-e(0) similar to 100 eV, n(e)(0) similar to 5 x 10(19) m(-3)) short-pulse ( < 25 ms) spherical tokamak with extensive diagnostics. The limiter, which consists of a shallow circular stainless steel tray of radius 34 cin and width 10 cm, can be filled with lithium to a depth of a few millimeters, and forms the lower limiting surface for the discharge. Heating elements beneath the tray are used to liquefy the lithium prior to the experiment. The total area of the tray is approximately 2000 cm The tokamak edge plasma, when operated in contact with the lithium-filled tray, shows evidence of reduced impurities and recycling. The reduction in recycling and impurities is largest when the lithium is liquefied by heating to 250 degreesC. Discharges which are limited by the liquid lithium tray show evidence of performance enhancement. Radiated power is reduced and there is spectroscopic evidence for increases in the core electron temperature. Furthermore, the use of a liquid lithium limiter reduces the need for conditioning discharges prior to high current operation. The future development path for liquid lithium limiter systems in CDX-U is also discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Majeski, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS17, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD APR PY 2003 VL 65 IS 3 SI SI BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(03)00016-4 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 687UL UT WOS:000183395300015 ER PT J AU Donoho, G Brenneman, MA Cui, TX Donoviel, D Vogel, H Goodwin, EH Chen, DJ Hasty, P AF Donoho, G Brenneman, MA Cui, TX Donoviel, D Vogel, H Goodwin, EH Chen, DJ Hasty, P TI Deletion of Brca2 exon 27 causes hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinks, chromosomal instability, and reduced life span in mice SO GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE BRCA2; HOMOLOGY-DIRECTED REPAIR; CANCER-SUSCEPTIBILITY; RADIATION HYPERSENSITIVITY; CENTROSOME AMPLIFICATION; RECOMBINATIONAL REPAIR; VERTEBRATE CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; LINKING AGENTS; RAD51 AB The Brca2 tumor-suppressor gene contributes to genomic stability, at least in part by a role in homologous recombinational repair. BRCA2 protein is presumed to function in homologous recombination through interactions with RAD51. Both exons I I and 27 of Brca2 code for domains that interact with RAD51; exon 11 encodes eight BRC motifs, whereas exon 27 encodes a single, distinct interaction domain. Deletion of all RAD51-interacting domains causes embryonic lethality in mice. A less severe phenotype is seen with BRAC2 truncations that preserve some, but not all, of the BRC motifs. These mice can survive beyond weaning, but are runted and infertile, and die very young from cancer. Cells from such mice show hypersensitivity to some genotoxic agents and chromosomal instability. Here, we have analyzed mice and cells with a deletion of only the RAD51-interacting region encoded by exon 27. Mice homozygous for this mutation (called brca2(1exe1)) have a shorter life span than that of control littermates, possibly because of early onsets of cancer and sepsis. No other phenotype was observed in these animals; therefore, the brca2(1exe1) mutation is less severe than truncations that delete some BRC motifs. However, at the cellular level, the brca2(1exe1) mutation causes reduced viability, hypersensitivity to the DNA interstrand crosslinking agent mitomycin C, and gross chromosomal instability, much like more severe truncations. Thus, the extreme carboxy-terminal region encoded by exon 27 is important for BRCA2 function, probably because it is required for a fully functional interaction between BRCA2 and RAD51. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lexicon Genet Inc, The Woodlands, TX USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. OI Vogel, Otto Hannes/0000-0002-0960-3508 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 74046] NR 53 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1045-2257 J9 GENE CHROMOSOME CANC JI Gene Chromosomes Cancer PD APR PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 317 EP 331 DI 10.1002/gcc.10148 PG 15 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA 654DP UT WOS:000181479000001 PM 12619154 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Parrinello, S Kim, J Campisi, J AF Kim, SH Parrinello, S Kim, J Campisi, J TI Mus musculus and Mus spretus homologues of the human telomere-associated protein TIN2 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE mice; TRF1; telomerase; telomere length control ID NORMAL HUMAN-CELLS; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE; LENGTH REGULATION; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; MOUSE TELOMERASE; LIFE-SPAN; EXPRESSION; YEAST; TRF1 AB Telomere length is regulated by TRF1, which binds telomeric DNA, and TIN2, which binds TRF1 Laboratory mice (Mus musculus) have long telomeres, although a related mouse species, Mus spretus, has human-sized telomeres. Because differences in TIN2 might explain these differences in telomere length, we cloned cDNAs encoding murine TIN2s and compared their sequence to that of human TIN2. M. musculus (Mm) and M. spretus TIN2s were >95% identical, but shared only 67% identity with human TIN2. An N-terminal truncation, or N-terminal fragment, of MmTIN2 elongated M. spretus telomeres. These findings suggest that mouse TIN2, like human TIN2, negatively regulates telomere length, and that N-terminal perturbations have dominant-negative effects. Our findings suggest that differences in TIN2 cannot explain the telomere length differences among Homo sapiens, M. musculus, and M. spretus. Nonetheless, M. spretus cells appear be a good system for studying the function of mouse telomere-associated proteins. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU ACF HHS [AF09909] NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD APR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 4 BP 422 EP 432 DI 10.1016/S0888-7543(02)00033-2 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 667KQ UT WOS:000182231100009 PM 12676566 ER PT J AU Perg, LA Anderson, RS Finkel, RC AF Perg, LA Anderson, RS Finkel, RC TI Use of cosmogenic radionuclides as a sediment tracer in the Santa Cruz littoral cell, California, United States SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE littoral cell; sediment budget; cosmogenic elements; Santa Cruz County; California ID BE-10; NUCLIDES; QUARTZ; AL-26 AB We demonstrate that cosmogenic radionuclides can be employed to trace sediment when the sources have sufficiently distinct concentrations, and develop a theoretical mixing model for a rocky coastline littoral system. We combine the resulting mixing model with existing cosmogenic radionuclide methods that quantify river inputs and terrace ages to determine the major components of the long-term littoral sediment budget of the Santa Cruz, California, coastline. Sediment derived from coastal basins eroding at 0.2 mm/yr has a much lower concentration than sediment derived from 60-84 ka terrace sands atop backwearing seacliffs. The complex pattern of cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations in littoral sands along >100 km of coastline can be explained by mixing sediment derived from seacliffs backwearing at 10 cm/yr with that delivered by rivers having widely different amounts of sediment discharge. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry & Geosci & Envi, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Perg, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 299 EP 302 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0299:UOCRAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 662CN UT WOS:000181928700003 ER PT J AU Roark, EB Ingram, BL Southon, J Kennett, JP AF Roark, EB Ingram, BL Southon, J Kennett, JP TI Holocene foraminiferal radiocarbon record of paleocirculation in the Santa Barbara Basin SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiocarbon; foraminifera; Santa barbara basin; Holocene; climate change ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESERVOIR AGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH PACIFIC; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; TRANSITION; COASTAL AB Differences in radiocarbon apparent ages between coexisting planktonic and benthic (B-P) foraminifers in the Santa Barbara Basin contain information about changes in the age (and thus the source) of water entering the basin. The Holocene sequence indicates a greater variability in circulation than previously detected. During the early Holocene, ca. 9 ka, B-P C-14 apparent age differences fluctuated between 220 and 560 C-14 yr, similar to rapid variations seen during the Younger Dryas and the last glacial episode. During the relatively stable middle Holocene (8.5-2 ka), B-P C-14 apparent age differences averaged 440 14C yr. After 2 ka, the average B-P C-14 apparent age difference increased to 620 C-14 yr, which has persisted until the present. The shift in B-P C-14 apparent age differences likely represents a change in the strength or source of North Pacific Intermediate Water production and is concurrent with changes in regional climate patterns as well as with changes in temperature and accumulation rates measured in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core, suggesting large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Roark, EB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Roark, Erin/D-4124-2013 OI Roark, Erin/0000-0002-1742-9642 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 379 EP 382 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0379:HFRROP>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 662CN UT WOS:000181928700023 ER PT J AU Scarpitta, SC Miltenberger, RP Gaschott, R Carte, N AF Scarpitta, SC Miltenberger, RP Gaschott, R Carte, N TI Rapid analytical technique to identify alpha emitting isotopes in water, air-filters, urine, and solid matrices using a Frisch Grid detector SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE detector, alpha; waste management; matrices; ionization chambers AB A 5-inch-diameter Frisch Grid gas-proportional ionization chamber was utilized at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to rapidly characterize and quantify alpha-emitting actinides in unprocessed water, soil, air-filter, urine, and solid matrices. Instrument calibrations for the various matrices were performed by spiking representative samples with National Institute of Standards and Technology traceable isotopes of Th-230, U-232, Pu-236, and Am-243. Detection efficiencies were typically 15-20% for solid matrices (soil, concrete, filters, dry urine) and 45% for mass-less water samples. Instrument background over a 512-channel alpha-energy range of 3-8 MeV is very low at 0.01 cps. At optimum efficiency, minimum detectable levels of 0.56 mBq Kg(-1), 74 mBq L-1 and 14.8 mBq filter(-1) were achievable for 40 x 10(-6) Kg soil, 1 x 10(-3) L tap water (or urine), and 4.5 cm diameter air-filter samples, respectively, each counted for 60 min. Data and spectra are presented showing the quality of results obtained using untreated samples obtained from the BNL Graphite Research Reactor Decommissioning Project. These samples contained Bq to MBq per gram amounts of Pu-239,Pu-240, Am-241, and/or U-234,U-235/238 (as well as other beta/gamma emitters). Data and spectra are also presented for a very finely pulverized and homogeneous U.S. DOE/RESL soil reference standard (spiked with Pu-239, Am-241, and U-233) that was used to assess, precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. Although this technique has its limitations, the advantages are (1) minimal sample preparation, (2) no separation chemistry required, (3) no chemical or hazardous waste generated, and (4) ability to immediately characterize and quantify alpha-emitting nuclides in most matrices. The benefits of this technique to the BNL/DOE Project Managers were rapid (1-2 d) turn-around times coupled with significant cost savings, as compared to commercial off-site analyses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Scarpitta, SC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM scarpitta@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 84 IS 4 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1097/00004032-200304000-00009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 655VM UT WOS:000181573400009 PM 12705448 ER PT J AU Davis, SN Moysey, S Cecil, LD Zreda, M AF Davis, SN Moysey, S Cecil, LD Zreda, M TI Chlorine-36 in groundwater of the United States: empirical data SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radioactive isotopes; chlorine-36; chloride/bromide ratios ID RIVER PLAIN AQUIFER; CL-36; WATER; RADIOISOTOPES; SUBSURFACE; ORIGIN; DESERT; BASIN; FLOW AB Natural production of the radionuclide chlorine-36 (Cl-36) has provided a valuable tracer for groundwater studies. The nuclear industry, especially the testing of thermonuclear weapons, has also produced large amounts of Cl-36 that can be detected in many samples of Groundwater. In order to be most useful in hydrologic studies. the natural production prior to 1952 should be distinguished from more recent artificial sources. The object of this study was to reconstruct the probable preanthropogenic levels of Cl-36 in groundwater in the United States. Although significant local variations exist, they are superimposed on a broad regional pattern of Cl-36/Cl ratios in the United States. Owing to the influence of atmospherically transported ocean salt, natural ratios of Cl-36/total Cl are lowest near the coast and increase to a maximum in the central Rocky Mountains of the United States. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Davis, SN (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Moysey, Stephen/H-4658-2012 NR 56 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 11 IS 2 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s10040-002-0232-6 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 684GV UT WOS:000183197800003 ER PT J AU Johnson, GS Cosgrove, DM Frederick, DB AF Johnson, GS Cosgrove, DM Frederick, DB TI Reply to comment by Kick Hemker on "Evaluation of a pumping test of the Snake River Plain aquifer using axial-flow numerical modeling" SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSIENT WELL FLOW; SYSTEMS C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. INEEL Oversight Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Johnson, GS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 1776 Sci Ctr Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 11 IS 2 BP 313 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s10040-003-0250-z PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 684GV UT WOS:000183197800012 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Walker, FJ Billman, CA McKee, RA Hwang, H AF Jeon, S Walker, FJ Billman, CA McKee, RA Hwang, H TI Electrical characteristics of epitaxially grown SrTiO3 on silicon for metal-insulator-semiconductor gate dielectric applications SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE crystalline oxide; EOT; fixed oxide charge; high-k; interface trap density; MBE ID OXIDES; CHARGE AB We have found excellent electrical characteristics of epitaxially grown SrTiO3 by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for silicon metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) gate dielectric application. For thin SrTiO3 film, the equivalent oxide thickness X 10(-4) (EOT) and leakage current density was 5.4 Angstrom and 7 A/cm(2) (@ V-g = V-fb - 1 V), respectively. In addition, the dispersion and hysteresis characteristics were negligible. As-deposited samples show relatively high fixed oxide charge density and interface state density, but both of these characteristics are substantially reduced by an optimizing low temperature (< 450 degreesC) post-metal forming gas anneal (FGA). C1 SAIT, Mat & Devices Lab, Gyeonggi Do 449712, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Jeon, S (reprint author), SAIT, Mat & Devices Lab, Gyeonggi Do 449712, South Korea. OI Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 218 EP 220 DI 10.1109/LED.2003.810886 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 692QC UT WOS:000183670900005 ER PT J AU Koplow, JP Moore, SW Kliner, DAV AF Koplow, JP Moore, SW Kliner, DAV TI A new method for side pumping of double-clad fiber sources SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE double-clad fibers; erbium; optical fiber lasers and amplifiers; ytterbium ID AMPLIFIER; LASER; COMPACT AB We report a new method for pumping of double-clad, rare-earth-doped fiber sources using diode lasers, diode bars, or fiber-coupled pump sources. In this technique, the pump beam is launched by reflection from a mirror that is embedded in a channel cut into the inner cladding. The mirror may be curved to reduce the divergence of the pump beam, thereby allowing the use of highly divergent pump sources and low-numerical-aperture inner claddings. Additional advantages include high coupling efficiency, little loss of brightness in coupling the pump beam, relatively low sensitivity to misalignment, no obstruction of the fiber ends, no loss for light propagating in the core, simplicity (low parts count), compact and rugged packaging, scalability to high power, and low cost. Because of the large alignment tolerances, the technique is uniquely well suited to the direct coupling of the output of a. diode bar into one or more double-clad fibers. We present a detailed description and characterization of the technique. We also describe the performance of Yb-doped band Er-Yb-doped fiber amplifiers constructed with this method, including amplifiers with saturated output powers of 5.2 W (1064-nm wavelength) and 2.6 W (1550 nm) when pumped with two laser diodes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Koplow, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 61 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 529 EP 540 DI 10.1109/JQE.2003.809336 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 657VF UT WOS:000181686500001 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Parvin, B AF Yang, Q Parvin, B TI Harmonic cut and regularized centroid transform for localization of subcellular structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cell segmentation; harmonic function; interpolation; regularization; speckle noise ID CELL IMAGE SEGMENTATION; MODEL AB Two novel computational techniques, harmonic cut and regularized centroid transform, are developed for segmentation of cells and their corresponding substructures observed with. an epi-fluorescence microscope. Harmonic cut detects small regions that correspond to small subcellular structures. These regions also affect the accuracy of the overall segmentation. They are detected, removed, and interpolated to, ensure continuity within each region. We show that interpolation within each region (subcellular compartment) is equivalent to solving the Laplace equation on a multi-connected domain with irregular boundaries. The second technique, referred to as the regularized centroid transform, aims to separate touching compartments. This is achieved by adopting a quadratic model for the shape of the object and relaxing it for final segmentation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Sci Div, Imaging & Informat Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Sci Div, Imaging & Informat Grp, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD APR PY 2003 VL 50 IS 4 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1109/TBME.2003.809493 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 670TW UT WOS:000182426100008 PM 12723058 ER PT J AU Welty, RJ Mochizuki, K Lutz, CR Welser, RE Asbeck, PM AF Welty, RJ Mochizuki, K Lutz, CR Welser, RE Asbeck, PM TI Design and performance of tunnel collector HBTs for microwave power amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE GaAs/GaInP; heterojunction bipolar transistors; saturation charge storage; switching mode microwave power amplifiers; tunnel transistors ID HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; EMITTER OFFSET VOLTAGE; GAINP; SINGLE AB AlGaAs/GaAs/GaAs and GaInP/GaAs/GaAs n-p-n heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are now in widespread use in microwave power amplifiers. In this paper, improved HBT structures are presented to address issues currently problematic for these devices: high offset and knee voltages and saturation charge storage. Reduced HBT offset and knee voltages (V-CE,V-os and V-k) are important to improve the power amplifier efficiency. Reduced saturation. charge storage is desirable to increase gain under conditions when the transistor saturates (such as in over-driven Class AB-amplifiers and switching mode amplifiers). It is shown in this paper that HBT structures using a 100-Angstrom-thick layer of GaInP between the GaAs base, and collector layers are effective in reducing V-Ce,V-os to 30 mV and V-k measured at a collector current density of 2 x 10(4) A/cm(2) to 0.3 V (while for conventional HBTs V-CE,V-os = 0.2 V and V-k = 0.5 V are typical). A five-fold reduction in saturation charge storage is simultaneously obtained. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, Tokyo 1858601, Japan. Kopin Corp, Taunton, MA 02780 USA. RP Welty, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Nikolic, Rebecca/C-3618-2009 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD APR PY 2003 VL 50 IS 4 BP 894 EP 900 DI 10.1109/TED.2003.812088 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 695GB UT WOS:000183821800005 ER PT J AU Oliver, AD Vigil, SR Gianchandani, YB AF Oliver, AD Vigil, SR Gianchandani, YB TI Photothermal surface-micromachined actuators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE microactuators; microelectromechanical devices; optical isolators; photothermal effects AB We report on the optical actuation of surface micromachines. Optical energy is absorbed by the micromachines and converted to heat, which causes differential thermal expansion between different parts of the device and up to 12 mum of displacement. The polysilicon actuators are homogenous and electrically isolated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Oliver, AD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD APR PY 2003 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1156 EP 1157 DI 10.1109/TED.2003.812505 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 695GB UT WOS:000183821800046 ER PT J AU Datte, PS Beche, JF Haguenauer, M Manfredi, PF Manghisoni, M Millaud, JE Placidi, M Ratti, L Riot, VJ Schmickler, H Speziali, V Traversi, G Turner, WC AF Datte, PS Beche, JF Haguenauer, M Manfredi, PF Manghisoni, M Millaud, JE Placidi, M Ratti, L Riot, VJ Schmickler, H Speziali, V Traversi, G Turner, WC TI Initial test results of an ionization chamber shower detector for a LHC luminosity monitor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE DE gas monitor; ionization detector; luminosity monitor; shower detector AB A novel segmented multigap pressurized gas ionization chamber is being developed for optimization of the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The ionization chambers are to be installed in the front quadrupole and 0degrees neutral particle absorbers in the high luminosity interaction regions (IRs) and sample the energy deposited near the maxima of the hadronic/electromagnetic showers in these absorbers. The ionization chambers are instrumented with low noise, fast pulse-shaping electronics to be capable of resolving individual bunch crossings at 40 MHz. In this paper, we report the initial results of our second test of this instrumentation in a super proton synchrotron (SPS) external proton beam. Single 300 GeV protons are used to simulate the hadronic/electromagnetic showers produced by the forward collision products from the interaction regions of the LHC. The capability of instrumentation to measure the luminosity of individual hunches in a 40 MHz bunch train is demonstrated. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pavia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Datte, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.809473 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 661BW UT WOS:000181872200005 ER PT J AU Berman, F Wolski, R Casanova, H Cirne, W Dail, H Faerman, M Figueira, S Hayes, J Obertelli, G Schopf, J Shao, G Smallen, S Spring, N Su, A Zagorodnov, D AF Berman, F Wolski, R Casanova, H Cirne, W Dail, H Faerman, M Figueira, S Hayes, J Obertelli, G Schopf, J Shao, G Smallen, S Spring, N Su, A Zagorodnov, D TI Adaptive computing on the grid using AppLeS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE scheduling; parallel and distributed computing; heterogeneous computing; grid computing ID PRACTICAL SCHEDULING SCHEME; PARALLEL PROCESSORS; INDEPENDENT TASKS; PERFORMANCE AB Ensembles of distributed, heterogeneous resources, also known as Computational Grids, have emerged as critical platforms for high-performance and resource-intensive applications. Such platforms provide the potential for applications to aggregate enormous bandwidth, computational power, memory, secondary storage, and other resources during a single execution. However, achieving this performance potential in dynamic, heterogeneous environments is challenging. Recent experience with distributed, applications indicates that adaptivity is fundamental to achieving application performance in dynamic grid environments. The AppLeS (Application Level Scheduling) project provides a methodology, application software, and software environments for adaptively scheduling and deploying applications in heterogeneous, multiuser grid environments. In this article, we discuss the AppLeS project and outline our findings. C1 San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Dept Sistemas & Comp, BR-58109970 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Santa Clara Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Distributed Syst Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP San Diego Supercomp Ctr, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0505, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM berman@sdsc.edu; rich@cs.ucsb.edu; casanova@sdsc.edu; walfredo@dsc.ufpb.br; hdail@sdsc.edu; mfaerman@sdsc.edu; sfigueira@scu.edu; jhayes@sdsc.edu; graziano@cs.ucsb.edu; jms@mcs.anl.gov; gshao@sdsc.edu; smallen@sdsc.edu; nspring@cs.washington.edu; alsu@sdsc.edu; dzagorod@sdsc.edu RI Dail, Holly/F-6221-2010; OI Dail, Holly/0000-0001-6608-468X NR 85 TC 207 Z9 212 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 EI 1558-2183 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2003.1195409 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 666EB UT WOS:000182162900003 ER PT J AU Gitomer, SJ AF Gitomer, SJ TI Untitled SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gitomer, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 190 EP 190 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.812594 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 675JN UT WOS:000182691000001 ER PT J AU Dewald, E Constantin, C Niemann, C Udrea, S Jacoby, J Wieser, J Varentsov, D Tahir, NA Kozyreva, A Shutov, A Schlegel, T Tauschwitz, A Hoffmann, DHH Bock, R AF Dewald, E Constantin, C Niemann, C Udrea, S Jacoby, J Wieser, J Varentsov, D Tahir, NA Kozyreva, A Shutov, A Schlegel, T Tauschwitz, A Hoffmann, DHH Bock, R TI Fundamental studies of intense heavy-ion beam interaction with solid targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy ions; shock compression; strongly coupled plasma ID ENERGY AB Intense (10(11) particles/1 mus similar to300 MeV/u) heavy ion beams are generated in the heavy-ion synchrotron (SIS) of the GSI-Darmstadt facility. Large volumes of strongly coupled plasmas are produced by heavy ion beam interaction with solid targets, with plasma densities close to the solid state, pressures of about 100 kbar, and temperatures of up to I eV, with relevance-for equation of state (EOS) of matter, astrophysics, and low-entropy shock compression of solids. The plasmas created by ion beam interaction with metallic converters and cryogenic crystals were studied by backlighting shadowgraphy and by time-resolved spectroscopy in the visible and vacuum ultraviolet ranges. Low entropy weak shockwaves waves induced by the ion beams in the metal-plexiglass multilayered targets were visualized by time resolved schlieren measurements, revealing induced. multiple shockwaves with pressures higher than 15 kbar in a plexiglass window and propagation velocities up to 35% higher than the speed of sound in plexiglass at room temperature. To get an in sight into the plasma dynamics, both types of experiments are simulated by the BIG-2 two-dimensional hydrodynamic code. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Chem Phys Res, Chernogolovka, Russia. RP Dewald, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.810175 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 675JN UT WOS:000182691000007 ER PT J AU Jiang, SB Kumar, R Garcia, HE AF Jiang, SB Kumar, R Garcia, HE TI Diagnosis of repeated/intermittent failures in discrete event systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 10-13, 2002 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci DE diagnosability testing; discrete event system; failure diagnosis; polynomial algorithm; repeated failures ID DIAGNOSABILITY; PROTOCOLS AB We introduce the notion of repeated failure diagnosability for diagnosing the occurrence of a repeated number of failures in discrete event systems. This generalizes the earlier notion of diagnosability that was used to diagnose the occurrence of a failure, but from which the information regarding the multiplicity of the occurrence of the failure could not be obtained. It is possible that in some systems the same type of failure repeats a multiple number of times. It is desirable to have a diagnoser which not only diagnoses that such a failure has occurred but also determines the number of times the failure has occurred. To aid such analysis we introduce the notions of K-diagnosability (K failures diagnosability), [1, K]-diagnosabilitv (1 through K failures diagnosability), and [1, infinity]-diagnosability (1 through infinity failures diagnosability). Here the first (resp., last) notion is the weakest (resp., strongest) of all three and the earlier notion of diagnosability is the same as that of K-diagnosability or that of [1, K]-diagnosability with K = 1. We give polynomial algorithms for checking these various notions of repeated failure diagnosability and also present a procedure of polynomial complexity for the on-line diagnosis of repeated failures. C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Gen Motors, R&D & Planning, Warren, MI 48090 USA. EM shengbing.jiang@gm.com; rkumar@iastate.edu; garcia@anl.gov RI Kumar, Ratnesh/H-5309-2012 NR 17 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1042-296X J9 IEEE T ROBOTIC AUTOM JI IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. PD APR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 310 EP 323 DI 10.1109/TRA.2003.809590 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA 663WF UT WOS:000182029000011 ER PT J AU Kniss, J Premoze, S Hansen, C Shirley, P McPherson, A AF Kniss, J Premoze, S Hansen, C Shirley, P McPherson, A TI A model for volume lighting and modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Volume Visualization and Graphics Symposium CY OCT, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE DE volume rendering; shading model; volume modeling; procedural modeling; fur; clouds; volume perturbation AB Direct volume rendering is a commonly used technique in visualization applications. Many of these applications require sophisticated shading models to capture subtle lighting effects and characteristics of volumetric data and materials. For many volumes, homogeneous regions pose problems for typical gradient-based surface shading, Many common objects and natural phenomena exhibit visual quality that cannot be captured using simple lighting models or cannot be solved at interactive rates using more sophisticated methods. We present a simple yet effective interactive shading model which captures volumetric light attenuation effects that incorporates volumetric shadows, an approximation to phase functions, an approximation to forward scattering, and chromatic attenuation that provides the subtle appearance of translucency. We also present a technique for volume displacement or perturbation that allows realistic interactive modeling of high frequency detail for both real and synthetic volumetric data. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jmk@cs.utah.edu; premoze@cs.utah.edu; hansen@cs.utah.edu; shirley@cs.utah.edu; mcpherson@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 150 EP 162 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2003.1196003 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 670DD UT WOS:000182391400005 ER PT J AU Iwobi, A Heesemann, J Garcia, E Igwe, E Noelting, C Rakin, A AF Iwobi, A Heesemann, J Garcia, E Igwe, E Noelting, C Rakin, A TI Novel virulence-associated type II secretion system unique to high-pathogenicity Yersinia enterocolitica SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS; PROTEIN-SECRETION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; EXPORT APPARATUS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; GENE-CLUSTER; INV GENE; PATHWAY; PESTIS AB Yersinia enterocolitica strains comprise an important group of bacterial enteropathogens that cause a broad range of gastrointestinal syndromes. Three groups are distinguishable within this bacterial species, namely, the nonpathogenic group (biotype 1A strains), the low-pathogenicity, non-mouse-lethal group (biotypes 2 to 5), and the high-pathogenicity, mouse-lethal group (biotype 1B). To date, the presence of the high-pathogenicity island (HPI), a chromosomal locus that encodes the yersiniabactin system (involved in iron uptake), defines essentially the difference between low-pathogenicity and high-pathogenicity Y. enterocolitica strains, with the low-pathogenicity strains lacking the HPI. Using the powerful tool of representational difference analysis between the nonpathogenic 1A strain, NF-O, and its high-pathogenicity 1B counterpart, WA-314, we have identified a novel type II secretion gene cluster (yts1C-S) occurring exclusively in the high-pathogenicity group. The encoded secreton, designated Yts1 (for Yersinia type II secretion 1) was shown to be important for virulence in mice. A close examination of the almost completed genome sequence of another high-pathogenicity representative, Y. enterocolitica 8081, revealed a second putative type II secretion cluster uniformly distributed among all Y. enterocolitica isolates. This putative species-specific cluster (designated yts2) differed significantly from yts1, while resembling more closely the putative type II cluster present on the genome of 1: pesos. The Yts1 secreton thus appears to have been additionally acquired by the high-pathogenicity assemblage for a virulence-associated function. C1 Max Von Pettenkofer Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rakin, A (reprint author), Max Von Pettenkofer Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, Pettenkoferstr 9A, D-80336 Munich, Germany. NR 53 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2003 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1872 EP 1879 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.4.1872-1879.2003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 662BQ UT WOS:000181926200032 PM 12654803 ER PT J AU Bei, H George, EP Pharr, GM AF Bei, H George, EP Pharr, GM TI Effects of composition on lamellar microstructures of near-eutectic Cr-Cr3Si alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE silicides; various; phase diagram; casting; crystal growth; microstructure ID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; TEMPERATURE AB A series of binary Cr Si alloys with silicon concentrations ranging from 13 to 24 at.% were produced by arc melting and drop casting. These. compositions span the composition (15 at.% Si) at which a eutectic reaction is reported in the phase diagram. The microstructure of the Cr-16.05 at.% Si alloy is fully lamellar and devoid of any pro-eutectic phases suggesting that the best composition for obtaining fully lamellar structure is Cr-16.05 at.% Si, rather than the eutectic composition (Cr-15 at.% Si) indicated in the phase diagram. The alternating lamellae in the eutectic alloy consist of Cr (solid solution) and Cr3Si (intermetallic). Alloys that are chromium-rich relative to the 16.05 at.% Si contain pro-eutectic chromium whereas those that are silicon-rich contain proeutectic Cr3Si. Directional solidification of drop-cast Cr-Cr3Si alloys with nominal compositions ranging from 15 to 16.6 at.% Si was carried out using a high-temperature optical floating zone furnace. Uniform and well-aligned lamellar microstructures of Cr-Cr3Si were observed when the growth conditions and alloy composition were optimized. Fully lamellar microstructures were obtained after directional solidification only when the starting composition was slightly enriched in chromium (Cr-15.95 at.% Si) relative to the composition of the fully lamellar drop cast alloy (Cr-16.05 at.% Si). A possible reason for this discrepancy is chromium evaporation during directional solidification. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP George, EP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD APR PY 2003 VL 11 IS 4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00251-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 652LU UT WOS:000181381300001 ER PT J AU Steffler, ED Epstein, JS Conley, EG AF Steffler, ED Epstein, JS Conley, EG TI Energy partitioning for a crack under remote shear and compression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE Moire interferometry; FEM; CE2; J integral; cohesive end zone; sheck crack ID SMALL FAULTS; FRACTURE; MECHANICS; ROCK; SLIP; COALESCENCE; DIMENSIONS; GRADIENTS; MODEL; ZONES AB The true nature and characteristics of crack growth mechanisms in geologic materials have not been adequately described and are poorly understood. The process by which deformation energy is converted to slipping and growing cracks under compressive stresses is complex and difficult to measure. A hybrid technique employing moire interferometry as an experimental boundary condition to a finite element method (FEM) was employed for through-cracked polycarbonate plates under remote shear and compression. Cohesive end zone and dislocation slip models are used to approximate experimentally observed displacement characteristics. Shear-driven linear elastic fracture mechanics displacement predictions are shown to be inadequate for initial displacement progression. Moire displacement fields of relative crack face slip reveal a near tip cohesive zone. The pre-slip moire-FEM stress fields reveal that the maximum crack tip tensile stress occurs at approximately 45 degrees and further infers cohesive zone presence. A J integral formulation uses moire displacement data and accounts for stored energy along the crack before and after shear driven crack face slip. These energy-partitioning results track the transfer of stored energy along the crack face to the crack tip until the entire crack is actively slipping. These laboratory-scale experiments capture basic mechanical behavior and simulate thousands of years of large-scale geologic feature displacement history in just a few hours. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Mat Sci Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Steffler, ED (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Mat Sci Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD APR PY 2003 VL 120 IS 4 BP 563 EP 580 DI 10.1023/A:1025511703698 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 729HU UT WOS:000185768400001 ER PT J AU Clark, WI Shih, AJ Hardin, CW Lemaster, RL McSpadden, SB AF Clark, WI Shih, AJ Hardin, CW Lemaster, RL McSpadden, SB TI Fixed abrasive diamond wire machining - part I: process monitoring and wire tension force SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE diamond wire saw; wire saw machining; process monitoring ID SAW AB The process monitoring and mechanics of fixed abrasive diamond wire saw machining are investigated in this study. New techniques to affix diamond particles to a steel wire core have advanced to make this process feasible for the machining of ceramics. wood, and foam materials. Developments in fixed abrasive diamond wire machining are first reviewed. Advantages of using fixed abrasive diamond wire machining are then introduced. The process monitoring and signal processing techniques for measuring the cutting forces, wire speed, down feed rate. and wire bow, angle in diamond wire sake machining are developed. The application of a capacitance sensor to measure the wire bow and a procedure to convert the wire bow, to vertical cutting force in a rocking motion wire saw machine are developed. The tension force of the wire during cutting is also derived and discussed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 47 TC 50 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00215-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 651CF UT WOS:000181302200009 ER PT J AU Clark, WI Shih, AJ Lemaster, RL McSpadden, SB AF Clark, WI Shih, AJ Lemaster, RL McSpadden, SB TI Fixed abrasive diamond wire machining - part II: experiment design and results SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE diamond wire saw; wood machining; foam ceramics ID WHEELS AB Experimental results from fixed abrasive diamond wire machining of wood and foam ceramics are presented. Three types of wood-pine, oak, and fir, and three types of foam ceramic-silicon carbide. zirconia. and zirconia toughened alumina, are tested. The research investigates the life of diamond wire and effects of process parameters on the cutting forces, force ratio, and surface roughness. A scanning electron microscope is used to study the worn diamond wire, machined surfaces, and debris. The diamond wire saw is demonstrated to be very effective in machining foam ceramics. The wire life for cutting wood at slow feed rates is low. The short tool life for dry cutting of wood indicates that more research in new fixed abrasive diamond wire and wire saw machining technologies is necessary. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 6 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00216-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 651CF UT WOS:000181302200010 ER PT J AU Satz, H Wang, XN AF Satz, H Wang, XN TI Special issue - Hard processes in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions - Introduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Biol, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Satz, H (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Biol, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1142/S0218301303001223 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 671LH UT WOS:000182465900001 ER PT J AU Vogt, R AF Vogt, R TI The A dependence of open charm and bottom production SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; J-PSI PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; MESON PRODUCTION; PP INTERACTIONS; ION COLLISIONS; LEADING ORDER; LOW-X AB We study inclusive heavy quark and exclusive heavy quark pair production in pp and pA interactions. Intrinsic transverse momentum is introduced in pp interactions. Nuclear effects are introduced in pA interactions, including k(T) broadening and nuclear shadowing. The nuclear dependence is studied over a range of energies, both in fixed target and collider setups. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 EI 1793-6608 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 211 EP 269 DI 10.1142/S0218301303001272 PG 59 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 671LH UT WOS:000182465900006 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN TI Large p(T) hadron spectra in pp, pA and AA collisions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; TO-LEADING ORDER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLUON RADIATION; ENERGY-LOSS; QCD; PARTICLES; JETS AB Large p(T) particle spectra in p+p, p+A and A+B collisions at different energies are calculated in a QCD parton model. Intrinsic transverse momentum, its broadening due to initial multiple parton scattering are included. These calculations are meant to estimate the normal nuclear effects (parton shadowing, p(T) broadening or Cronin effect) in high p(T) hadron spectra in heavy-ion collisions. Comparisons of these calculations with experimental data will help to determine the effect of jet quenching. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 271 EP 295 DI 10.1142/S0218301303001284 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 671LH UT WOS:000182465900007 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, M TI Constitutive relations for the interaction force in multicomponent particulate flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE continuum mechanics; multiphase flows; drag force; non-Newtonian fluids ID 2-PHASE FLOW; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; VIRTUAL MASS; AVERAGED EQUATIONS; CONTINUUM MODEL; MULTIPHASE FLOW; FLUIDIZED-BEDS; MIXTURE THEORY; POROUS-MEDIA; LIFT FORCE AB In the mechanics of multiphase (or multicomponent) mixtures, one of the outstanding issues is the formulation of constitutive relations for the interaction force. In this paper, we give a brief review of the various relations proposed for this interaction force. The review is tilted toward presenting the works of those who have used the mixture theory (or the theory of interacting continua) to derive or to propose a relationship for the interaction (or diffusive) force. We propose a constitutive relation which is general and frame-indifferent and thus suitable for use in many flow conditions. At the end, we provide an alternative approach for finding the drag force on a particle in a particulate mixture. This approach has been used in the non-Newtonian fluid mechanics to find the drag force on surfaces. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 182 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 313 EP 336 AR PII S0020-7462(01)00064-6 DI 10.1016/S0020-7462(01)00064-6 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 608NW UT WOS:000178853700003 ER PT J AU Schmidberger, H Rave-Frank, M Lehmann, J Weiss, E Gerl, L Dettmer, N Glomme, S Hess, CF AF Schmidberger, H Rave-Frank, M Lehmann, J Weiss, E Gerl, L Dettmer, N Glomme, S Hess, CF TI Lack of interferon beta-induced radiosensitization in four out of five human glioblastoma cell lines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interferon beta; radiosensitization; glioblastoma; in vitro ID MALIGNANT GLIOMA-CELLS; PHASE-I TRIAL; LUNG-CANCER; ALPHA; RADIATION; COMBINATION; RECURRENT; VITRO; THERAPY; ACID AB Purpose: To investigate the potential of interferon beta to enhance the cytotoxic activity of ionizing irradiation against glioma cells, and to elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for conflicting clinical results. Methods and Materials: Five glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG, U118MG, U373MG, MO59K, MO59J) with different radiosensitivity and genetic background were used. Experiments were performed in exponentially growing cultures, and cell survival was measured by a colony-forming assay. Cells were incubated with natural interferon beta (n-IFN-beta; 30-3000 IU/mL) for 24 h followed by single dose irradiation with 1 to 6 Gy of gamma-rays. Results: Significant differences in n-IFN-beta sensitivity were found. The cell lines also differed in their radiation sensitivity, and there was no correlation between the n-IFN-beta and the radiation sensitivity. In three of five cell lines, the interaction of n-IFN-beta and irradiation was infra-additive; in one cell line, it was additive. For MO59J cells only, which are NHEJ-deficient, supra-additivity was observed. Conclusion: Our results confirm the remarkable heterogeneity that is characteristic of malignant glioma. The combined effect of n-IFN-beta and radiation was mostly infra-additive or additive; synergistic interaction might occur in tumor cells that already have acquired repair deficiencies because of their genetic instability, as shown for the MO59J cell line. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Gottingen, Dept Radiat Oncol, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA USA. RP Schmidberger, H (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Radiat Oncol, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. EM hschmbg@med.uni-goettingen.de NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1348 EP 1357 DI 10.1016/S0630-3016(02)04575-3 PG 10 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 659XJ UT WOS:000181803500029 PM 12654447 ER PT J AU Oberai, AA Gokhale, NH Feijoo, GR AF Oberai, AA Gokhale, NH Feijoo, GR TI Solution of inverse problems in elasticity imaging using the adjoint method SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY; STRAIN IMAGES; RECONSTRUCTION; TISSUE; VISUALIZATION AB We consider the problem of determining the shear modulus of a linear-elastic, incompressible medium given boundary data and one component of the displacement field in the entire domain. The problem is derived from applications in quantitative elasticity imaging. We pose the problem as one of minimizing a functional and consider the use of gradient-based algorithms to solve it. In order to calculate the gradient efficiently we develop an algorithm based on the adjoint elasticity operator. The main cost associated with this algorithm is equivalent to solving two forward problems, independent of the number of optimization variables. We present numerical examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Oberai, AA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 110 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 25 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 297 EP 313 AR PII S0266-5611(03)54272-1 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/19/2/304 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 670TB UT WOS:000182424100005 ER PT J AU Watson, JD Todd, AE Bray, J Laskowski, RA Edwards, A Joachimiak, A Orengo, CA Thornton, JM AF Watson, JD Todd, AE Bray, J Laskowski, RA Edwards, A Joachimiak, A Orengo, CA Thornton, JM TI Target selection and determination of function in structural genomics SO IUBMB LIFE LA English DT Article DE structural genomics; target selection; function from; structure; functional annotation ID ENZYME ACTIVE-SITES; PROTEIN FAMILIES; FOLD RECOGNITION; DATABASE; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING; CLASSIFICATION; SIMILARITIES; INFORMATION AB The first crucial step in any structural genomics project is the selection and prioritization of target proteins for structure determination. There may be a number of selection criteria to be satisfied, including that the proteins have novel folds, that they be representatives of large families for which no structure is known, and so on. The better the selection at this stage, the greater is the value of the structures obtained at the end of the experimental process. This value can be further enhanced once the protein structures have been solved if the functions of the given proteins can also be determined. Here we describe the methods used at either end of the experimental process: firstly, sensitive sequence comparison techniques for selecting a high-quality list of target proteins, and secondly the various computational methods that can be applied to the eventual 3D structures to determine the most likely biochemical function of the proteins in question. C1 EMBL European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. UCL, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Hlth Network, Clin Genom Ctr Proteom, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Thornton, JM (reprint author), EMBL European Bioinformat Inst, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. EM thornton@ebi.ac.uk OI Thornton, Janet/0000-0003-0824-4096; Laskowski, Roman/0000-0001-5528-0087 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414, P50 GM062414-03] NR 64 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1521-6543 J9 IUBMB LIFE JI IUBMB Life PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4-5 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1080/1521654031000123385 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 698HP UT WOS:000183993200021 PM 12880206 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Beyerlein, IJ AF Zhu, YT Beyerlein, IJ TI Issues on the design of bone-shaped short fiber composites SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MODIFIED WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION; VARYING DIAMETERS; NICALON FIBERS; STRENGTH; REINFORCEMENT; FRACTURE AB This paper discusses issues on the design of bone-shaped short (BSS) fiber composites. It has been found in several composite systems that the BSS fibers can simultaneously improve both the strength and toughness of composites. However the mechanisms for such improvements vary with mechanical properties of the composite constituents. In this paper we shall discuss design issues on five conceivable composite systems, classified according to the ductility of the fiber and matrix: 1) brittle fiber-ductile matrix composite system, 2) brittle fiber-brittle matrix composite system, 3) ductile fiber-ductile matrix composite system, 4) ductile fiber-brittle matrix composite system, and 5) composites reinforced with BSS-fibers whose ends deform plastically at a stress lower than the fiber strength. The discussion will be based on the data available in the literature. Future research and development directions are suggested for issues that are not well understood. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 665WP UT WOS:000182144500012 ER PT J AU Yuan, P Zhao, JK AF Yuan, P Zhao, JK TI Resolution, truncation and smearing of the one-dimensional spin echo small-angle scattering instrument SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SANS AB The resolution of the spin echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) instrument is limited by the precession Larmor fields and by the wavelength of the neutrons. It can reach to about a micrometer with thermal neutrons and to a few tens of micrometers with cold neutrons. Since a SESANS instrument will have a limited coverage in scattering angles or in neutron momentum transfers, there will be truncation errors in the measured correlation functions. These truncation errors increase with smaller scattering particles and they limit the smallest particle that can be effectively studied by the instrument. The off-plane scatterings in one-dimensional SESANS as well as the inhomogeneity of the precession fields cause smearing effects in the correlation functions. Desmearing procedures developed for the traditional small-angle scattering instruments can be used to restore the true parameters of the scattering particle. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zhao, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Yuan, Peng/A-7643-2012; Zhao, Jinkui/B-7872-2013 OI Zhao, Jinkui/0000-0002-7756-1952 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 36 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1107/S0021889803002395 PN 2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 656LM UT WOS:000181609300022 ER PT J AU Han, DX Wang, KD Owens, JM Gedvilas, L Nelson, B Habuchi, H Tanaka, M AF Han, DX Wang, KD Owens, JM Gedvilas, L Nelson, B Habuchi, H Tanaka, M TI Hydrogen structures and the optoelectronic properties in transition films from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID A-SI-H; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DILUTION; DEFECT AB Transition films from amorphous (a-) to microcrystalline (muc-) silicon were prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition using silane decomposition with either varied hydrogen-to-silane ratio, R, or with fixed R=3 but a varied substrate temperature, T-s. Raman results indicate that there is a threshold for the structural transition from a- to muc-Si:H in both cases. The onset of the structural transition is found to be Rapproximate to2 at T-s=250 degreesC and T(s)approximate to200 degreesC at R=3. The properties of the material were studied by infrared absorption, optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and conductivity temperature dependence. We observed that the peak frequency of the SiH wag mode remains at 630-640 cm(-1) for all the films, but the hydrogen content shows two regimes of fast and slow decreases separated by the onset of microcrystallinity. When microcrystallinity increased, we observed that (a) the SiO vibration absorption at 750 cm(-1) and 1050-1200 cm(-1) appeared, (b) the relative intensity of the 2090 cm(-1) absorption increased, (c) the low-energy optical absorption at photon energy <1.4 eV increased one to two orders of magnitude, (d) the low-energy PL band at &SIM;1.0 eV emerged with a decrease of total PL intensity, and (e) the conductivity activation energy decreased. The aforementioned changes correlated well with the crystallinity of the material. We attribute the observations mainly to the formation of the c-Si gain boundaries during crystallization. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Gifu Natl Coll Technol, Sinsei, Gifu 5010495, Japan. RP Han, DX (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM daxing@physics.unc.edu NR 26 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 7 BP 3776 EP 3783 DI 10.1063/1.1555680 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 658PP UT WOS:000181729600007 ER PT J AU Mueller, AH Suvorova, NA Irene, EA Auciello, O Schultz, JA AF Mueller, AH Suvorova, NA Irene, EA Auciello, O Schultz, JA TI Model for interface formation and the resulting electrical properties for barium-strontium-titanate films on silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SI; ELLIPSOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; LAYER AB The interface formation between sputtered barium strontium titanate (BST) films and both Si and SiO(2) substrate surfaces has been followed using real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry and the mass spectrometry of recoiled ions. In both substrates an intermixed interface layer was observed and subcutaneous Si oxidation occurred. A model for the interface formation is proposed in which the interface includes an SiO(2) film on Si, and an intermixed film on which is pure BST. During the deposition of BST the interfaces films were observed to change in time. Electrical characterization of the resulting metal-BST interface capacitors indicates that those samples with SiO(2) on the Si surface had the best electrical characteristics. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ionwerks Inc, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Mueller, AH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM gene_irene@unc.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 7 BP 3866 EP 3872 DI 10.1063/1.1556195 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 658PP UT WOS:000181729600021 ER PT J AU Li, T Ruden, PP Campbell, IH Smith, DL AF Li, T Ruden, PP Campbell, IH Smith, DL TI Investigation of bottom-contact organic field effect transistors by two-dimensional device modeling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONICS AB We present device simulations for p-channel organic field effect transistors. The current conservation equation and Poisson's equation are solved self consistently in two dimensions in the drift-diffusion approximation. We focus on modeling transistor structures consisting of a p(+) Si gate electrode, a silicon dioxide gate insulator, and a polymer layer as the active (channel) material. The source and drain contacts are taken to be deposited directly on the gate insulator (bottom contact structure). We focus particularly on calculations of the surface potential for which experimental data have recently been published [L. Burgi, H. Sirringhaus, and R. H. Friend, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2913 (2002)]. We find that the surface potential on the polymer layer closely matches the channel potential as argued by Burgi Furthermore, we show that the experimentally observed drops in the surface potential above the source and drain contacts can be explained as a consequence of polymer material defects near the contacts and, significantly, that these results cannot be explained solely by large contact Schottky energy barriers. We also present results for the transistor output characteristics and examine the effects associated with changes in charge carrier injection for different source and drain contact materials and different models for the injection process. These results elucidate the device physics of ideal organic field effect transistors and model the behavior of current experimental devices including the most likely parasitic effects. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ruden, PP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ruden@ece.umn.edu RI Caironi, Mario/O-2745-2013 OI Caironi, Mario/0000-0002-0442-4439 NR 14 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 7 BP 4017 EP 4022 DI 10.1063/1.1558998 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 658PP UT WOS:000181729600043 ER PT J AU Tobita, M Hirata, S Bartlett, RJ AF Tobita, M Hirata, S Bartlett, RJ TI The analytical energy gradient scheme in the Gaussian based Hartree-Fock and density functional theory for two-dimensional systems using the fast multipole method SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PARTICLE BAND-STRUCTURE; INFINITE POLYMERS; NORMAL VIBRATIONS; ALGORITHM; ELECTRON; STRESS; IMPLEMENTATION; MONOLAYERS AB The analytical total energy gradient scheme for the Hartree-Fock and density functional crystalline orbital theory is formulated for infinitely extended periodic systems of general dimensions and implemented for those of two dimensions. Two major differences between the analytical gradient scheme for extended systems and that for molecular systems are described in detail. The first is the treatment of the long-range Coulomb interactions, which arise due to the infinite nature of the system size. The long-range effect is efficiently included by the multipole expansion technique and its extension, the fast multipole method. The use of the fast multipole method enables us to include the long-range effect up to the order of micrometer to millimeter region around the reference unit cell by virtue of the logarithmic cost scaling of the algorithm achieved by regrouping distant multipoles together and reducing the number of pairwise interactions. The second is the formulation of analytical gradient expressions with respect to unit cell parameters. In HF theory they can be calculated by accumulating forces acting on atoms multiplied by some appropriate factors, while there is an extra term which requires a special numerical treatment in grid-based density functional theory. Specifically, it is shown that the quadrature weight derivatives do not vanish even in the limit of infinitely fine grid when calculating the gradients with respect to unit cell parameters, and are essential in evaluating those gradients. Combining the analytical gradient scheme and an efficient inclusion of the long-range interaction makes it feasible to perform a full geometry optimization of extended systems at ab initio levels. As an illustration, the long-range interaction energies are computed for a two-dimensional sheet of hydrogen-fluoride. The CPU time reduction on going from the explicit evaluation of the two-electron integrals to multipole expansion, and from the multipole expansion to fast multipole method is significant. Geometry optimizations are performed on an infinite two-dimensional hexagonal boron-nitride sheet and the dependence of the gradients on various parameters are investigated. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tobita, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Bartlett, Rodney/F-6781-2011 OI Bartlett, Rodney/0000-0003-3865-9639 NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 13 BP 5776 EP 5792 DI 10.1063/1.1545778 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 657LF UT WOS:000181667900010 ER PT J AU Wu, L Liu, Z Gallimore, R Jacob, R Lee, D Zhong, Y AF Wu, L Liu, Z Gallimore, R Jacob, R Lee, D Zhong, Y TI Pacific decadal variability: The tropical Pacific mode and the North Pacific mode SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INTERDECADAL CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SST ANOMALIES; SYSTEM-MODEL; ENSO; CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; DYNAMICS; MIDLATITUDES AB Pacific decadal variability is studied in a series of coupled global ocean - atmosphere simulations aided by two "modeling surgery'' strategies: partial coupling ( PC) and partial blocking ( PB). The PC experiments retain full ocean - atmosphere coupling in selected regions, but constrain ocean - atmosphere coupling elsewhere by prescribing the model climatological SST to force the atmospheric component of the coupled system. In PB experiments, sponge walls are inserted into the ocean component of the coupled model at specified latitudinal bands to block the extratropical - tropical oceanic teleconnection. Both modeling and observational studies suggest that Pacific decadal variability is composed of two distinct modes: a decadal to bidecadal tropical Pacific mode ( TPM) and a multidecadal North Pacific mode ( NPM). The PC and PB experiments showed that the tropical Pacific mode originates predominantly from local coupled ocean - atmosphere interaction within the tropical Pacific. Extratropical - tropical teleconnections, although not a necessary precondition for the genesis of the tropical decadal variability, can enhance SST variations in the Tropics. The decadal memory in the Tropics seems to be associated with tropical higher baroclinic modes. The North Pacific mode originates from local atmospheric stochastic processes and coupled ocean - atmosphere interaction. Atmospheric stochastic forcing can generate a weaker NPM-like pattern in both the atmosphere and ocean, but with no preferred timescales. In contrast, coupled ocean - atmosphere feedback can enhance the variability substantially and generate a basin-scale multidecadal mode in the North Pacific. The multidecadal memory in the midlatitudes seems to be associated with the delayed response of the subtropical/subpolar gyre to wind stress variation in the central North Pacific and the slow growing/decaying of SST anomalies that propagate eastward in the Kuroshio Extension region. Oceanic dynamics, particularly the advection of the mean temperature by anomalous meridional surface Ekman flow and western boundary currents, plays an important role in generating the North Pacific mode. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jacob, Robert/D-2580-2011 OI Jacob, Robert/0000-0002-9444-6593 NR 61 TC 112 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1101 EP 1120 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)16<1101:PDVTTP>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665FB UT WOS:000182108000001 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Wigley, TML Santer, BD AF Smith, RL Wigley, TML Santer, BD TI A bivariate time series approach to anthropogenic trend detection in hemispheric mean temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; EL-NINO; MODEL; ATTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERE; RECORD AB A bivariate time series regression approach is used to model observed variations in hemispheric mean temperature over the period 1900-96. The regression equations include deterministic predictor variables and lagged values of the two predictands, and two different forms of this basic structure are employed. The deterministic predictors considered are simple linear trends, various climate model-generated time series based on different combinations of greenhouse gas, sulfate aerosol, and solar forcing, and the Southern Oscillation index ( SOI). With linear trends as the only predictors, the best model is a fourth-order bivariate autoregressive model including lagged Southern Hemisphere ( SH) to Northern Hemisphere ( NH) dependence, as in previous work by Kaufmann and Stern. The estimated NH and SH trends are both +0.67degreesC century(-1), and both are highly statistically significant. If SOI is included as an additional predictor, however, a first-order time series model, with no SH to NH dependence, is an adequate fit to the data. This shows that SOI may be an important covariate in this kind of analysis. Further analysis uses climate model-generated forcing terms representing greenhouses gases, sulfate aerosols, and solar effects, as well as SOI. The statistical analysis makes extensive use of Bayes factors as a device for discriminating among a wide spectrum of possible models. The best fits to the data are obtained when all three forcing terms are included. Total sulfate aerosol forcing of -1.1 W m(-2) (with a corresponding climate sensitivity of DeltaT(2x) = 4.2degreesC) is preferred to -0.7 W m(-2) (with sensitivity of 2.3degreesC), but the Bayes factor discrimination between these cases is weak. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat, CB 3260,New West, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1228 EP 1240 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)16<1228:ABTSAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665FB UT WOS:000182108000008 ER PT J AU Pennacchio, LA Rubin, EM AF Pennacchio, LA Rubin, EM TI Comparative genomic tools and databases: providing insights into the human genome SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENE; CONSERVED NONCODING SEQUENCES; VERTEBRATE SCL LOCI; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; COORDINATE REGULATOR; MOUSE GENOME; EXPRESSION; ALIGNMENTS; DNA; STRATEGIES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, MS 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LAPennacchio@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 66681, U01 HL066681] NR 42 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1172/JCI200317842 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 668GE UT WOS:000182281300001 PM 12697725 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Black, CM Markowitz, LE Unger, ER Pierce, A Sawyer, MK Papp, JR AF Koumans, EH Black, CM Markowitz, LE Unger, ER Pierce, A Sawyer, MK Papp, JR TI Comparison of methods for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisserza gonorrhoeae using commercially available nucleic acid amplification tests and a liquid pap smear medium SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTICENTER; INFECTION; CYTOLOGY; UTILITY; SAMPLE AB Annual screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection is currently recommended for sexually active women 15 to 25 years old and for women older than 25 if they have a new or multiple sex partners and have not used condoms during the previous 3 months. Annual screening for cervical abnormalities using the Pap smear has achieved a substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. Screening for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection has likely contributed significantly to the reduction in the rates of gonococcal infection. The introduction of liquid Pap smear methods using exfoliated cervical cells presents an opportunity to screen for these three conditions using one specimen. We evaluated the preservation of C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNAs from ThinPrep liquid media (PreservCyt; Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, Mass.); tested the feasibility of using a clinical specimen of this medium for the detection of cytologic abnormalities, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae; evaluated the agreement between ligase chain reaction (LCR) performed on PreservCyt and LCR performed on a cervical specimen; and compared the performance of LCR performed on PreservCyt to those of LCR performed on a cervical specimen, culture, PCR performed on a cervical specimen, on urine, and on a vaginal specimen (a multiple-site infection status standard), and transcription-mediated amplification (for C. trachomatis only) from 255 sexually active adolescent women. The agreement between LCR performed on PreservCyt and LCR from a cervical swab in LCx transport medium was high (for C. trachomatis, agreement = 0.97 and kappa = 0.92; for N. gonorrhoeae, agreement = 0.99 and kappa = 0.96). Test performances were similar for LCR-urine, LCR-cervix, and LCR-ThinPrep, with sensitivities from 93 to 99% for C. trachomatis and 81 to 83% for N. gonorrhoeae and specificities from 95.5 to 99% for C. trachomatis and 99.1 to 99.6% for N. gonorrhoeae using a PCR-based multiple-site infection status standard. This is the first study to examine the agreement between liquid cytologic media and multiple nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae from patient samples. Cytologic fluid shows promise for simultaneous screening for cytologic abnormalities and sexually transmitted infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), DSTD NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1507 EP 1511 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1507-1511.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900025 PM 12682137 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Johnston, CT Bish, DL White, JL Hem, SL AF Wang, SL Johnston, CT Bish, DL White, JL Hem, SL TI Water-vapor adsorption and surface area measurement of poorly crystalline boehmite SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poorly crystalline boehmite; surface area; Scherrer equation; mean crystallite dimension; FTIR spectroscopy; adsorbed water; water-vapor adsorption; surface OH groups ID SOL-GEL ROUTE; ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE; GAMMA-ALOOH; FILMS; ADJUVANTS; POROSITY; SPECTRA AB Water-vapor adsorption on poorly crystalline boehmite (PCB) was studied using a gravimetric FTIR apparatus that measured FTIR spectra and water adsorption isotherms simultaneously. The intensity of the delta(HOH) band of adsorbed water changed linearly with water content and this linear relationship was used to determine the dry mass of the sample. Adsorption and desorption isotherms of PCB showed a Type IV isotherm. The BETH2O surface area of PCB was 514+/-36 m(2)/g. The mean crystallite dimensions of PCB were estimated to be 4.5 x 2.2 x 10.0 nm (dimensions along the a, b, and c axes, respectively) based on application of the Scherrer equation to powder diffraction data of PCB. A surface area value of 504+/-45 m(2)/g calculated using the mean crystallite dimensions was in good agreement with the BETH2O surface area. This work also demonstrated a method to determine surface areas for materials with minimal perturbation of their surface structure. In addition, the FTIR spectra of PCB were influenced by changes in water content. The delta(AlOH) band at 835 cm(-1) observed under dry conditions was assigned to the non-H-bonded surface OH groups. As the amount of adsorbed water increased, the intensity at 835 cm(-1) decreased and that at 890 and 965 cm(-1) increased. The 890- and 965-cm(-1) bands are assigned to surface OH groups H-bonded with adsorbed water. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Ind & Phys Pharm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Johnston, CT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Wang, Shan-Li/C-6016-2008; Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Wang, Shan-Li/0000-0003-3156-5365; Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 54 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 260 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(02)00150-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 667WT UT WOS:000182258100004 PM 12742031 ER PT J AU Kim, AY Hauch, KD Berg, JC Martin, JE Anderson, RA AF Kim, AY Hauch, KD Berg, JC Martin, JE Anderson, RA TI Linear chains and chain-like fractals from electrostatic heteroaggregation SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggregation; coagulation; flocculation; heteroaggregation; heterocoagulation; heteroflocculation; fractal dimension; light scattering ID COLLOIDAL SILICA; STRUCTURE EVOLUTION; OPPOSITE CHARGE; SMALL PARTICLES; AGGREGATION; HETEROCOAGULATION; DISPERSIONS; COAGULATION; STABILITY; SCATTERING AB The internal structure of materials prepared by aggregation of oppositely charged polystyrene spheres (electrostatic heteroaggregation) is investigated by static light scattering, optical microscopy, and Brownian dynamics simulation Light scattering indicates ultralow mass fractal dimensions, as low as 12 Such low fractal dimensions, approaching the theoretical limit of a linear object, imply a chaining mechanism Optical micrographs reveal linear chains with the particle charge alternating down the chains. Brownian dynamics simulation gives additional support for a chaining mechanism For the polystyrene system (120-nm primary particle diameters), the fractal dimension is found to increase from 1.2 to 17 as the background electrolyte is increased. In terms of electrostatic screening, the results match those reported recently for larger polystyrene spheres. The low fractal dimensions appear to represent a crossover from linear chains to a structure of diffusion-limited aggregates, however, experiments under density-neutral conditions imply that sedimentation plays an important role in the formation of ultralow fractal dimensions The practical implication is that microcomposites with a locally uniform distribution of starting materials and almost any degree of branching can be prepared from oppositely charged particles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Berg, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM berg@cheme.washington.edu NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 260 IS 1 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00033-X PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 667WT UT WOS:000182258100018 PM 12742045 ER PT J AU Bodvarsson, GS Ho, C Robinson, B AF Bodvarsson, GS Ho, C Robinson, B TI Special issue: Yucca mountain project - Preface SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bodvarsson, GS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90R 1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00179-1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300001 ER PT J AU Bodvarsson, GS Kwicklis, E Shan, C Wu, YS AF Bodvarsson, GS Kwicklis, E Shan, C Wu, YS TI Estimation of percolation flux from borehole temperature data at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE percolation flux; infiltration rate; heat flow; geothermal gradient; unsaturated zone; Yucca Mountain AB Temperature data from the unsaturated zone (UZ) at Yucca Mountain are analyzed to estimate percolation-flux rates and overall heat flux. A multilayer, one-dimensional analytical solution is presented for determining percolation flux from temperature data. Case studies have shown that the analytical solution agrees very well with results from the numerical code, TOUGH2. The results of the analysis yield percolation fluxes in the range from 0 to 20 mm/year for most of the deep boreholes. This range is in good agreement with the results of infiltration studies at Yucca Mountain. Percolation flux for the shallower boreholes, however, cannot be accurately determined from temperature data alone because large gas flow in the shallow system alters the temperature profiles. Percolation-flux estimates for boreholes located near or intersecting major faults are significantly higher than those for other boreholes. These estimates may be affected by gas flow in the faults. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bodvarsson, GS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00178-X PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300002 PM 12714282 ER PT J AU Bodvarsson, GS Wu, YS Zhang, K AF Bodvarsson, GS Wu, YS Zhang, K TI Development of discrete flow paths in unsaturated fractures at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE preferential flow; flow focusing; discrete flow paths; unsaturated flow and transport; fractured media ID WATER SEEPAGE; MODEL; TRANSPORT; ZONES; ROCKS AB We have carried out numerical modeling studies to investigate the development of discrete-fracture flow paths and flow-focusing phenomena in the unsaturated rock of the potential repository horizon at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These studies are based on two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) numerical models using site-specific parameters. The 2-D and 3-D models use high-resolution spatial discretization to explicitly include effects of discrete fractures with stochastically developed fracture permeabilities and a continuum approach. The permeability field is generated based on air permeability measurements at various scales. For most of the cases considered, uniform infiltration with different average rates (1-500 mm/year) is prescribed at the top of the model, while variability in outflow at the bottom of the model is used to evaluate the degree of flow focusing. In addition, scenarios involving nonuniform infiltration at the top boundary, different permeability correlation lengths and different flow-allocation schemes were analyzed. The modeling results obtained from all of the cases showed a remarkably similar flow-focusing pattern at the repository horizon. Furthermore, tracer transport simulation results also revealed additional features of focused flow and transport through the fracture network. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bodvarsson, GS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 23 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00177-8 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300003 PM 12714283 ER PT J AU Campbell, K Wolfsberg, A Fabryka-Martin, J Sweetkind, D AF Campbell, K Wolfsberg, A Fabryka-Martin, J Sweetkind, D TI Chlorine-36 data at Yucca Mountain: Statistical tests of conceptual models for unsaturated-zone flow SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE isotope; hydrology; Vadose zone; log-linear models; contingency tables; likelihood ratio tests; odds ratios; fractures; faults; Yucca Mountain; chlorine-36 ID NEVADA AB An extensive set of chlorine-36 (Cl-36) data has been collected in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), an 8-km-long tunnel at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, for the purpose of developing and testing conceptual models of flow and transport in the unsaturated zone (UZ) at this site. At several locations, the measured values of Cl-36/Cl ratios for salts leached from rock samples are high enough to provide strong evidence that at least a small component of bomb-pulse Cl-36, fallout from atmospheric testing of nuclear devices in the 1950s and 1960s, was measured, implying that some fraction of the water traveled from the ground surface through 200-300 m of unsaturated rock to the level of the ESF during the last 50 years. These data are analyzed here using a formal statistical approach based on log-linear models to evaluate alternative conceptual models for the distribution of such fast flow paths. The most significant determinant of the presence of bomb-pulse Cl-36 in a sample from the welded Topopah Spring unit (TSw) is the structural setting from which the sample was collected. Our analysis generally supports the conceptual model that a fault that cuts through the nonwelded Paintbrush tuff unit (PTn) that overlies the TSw is required in order for bomb-pulse Cl-36 to be transmitted to the sample depth in less than 50 years. Away from PTn-cutting faults, the ages of water samples at the ESF appear to be a strong function of the thickness of the nonwelded tuff between the ground surface and the ESF, due to slow matrix flow in that unit. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wolfsberg, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00176-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300004 PM 12714284 ER PT J AU Faybishenko, B Bodvarsson, GS Salve, R AF Faybishenko, B Bodvarsson, GS Salve, R TI On the physics of unstable infiltration, seepage, and gravity drainage in partially saturated tuffs SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fractured rock; infiltration; seepage; gravity drainage; infiltration equation ID UNSATURATED FRACTURED ROCK; LIQUID-RELEASE TESTS; POROUS-MEDIA; RELATIVE PERMEABILITY; WELDED TUFFS; FLOW; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; CHALK; MODEL AB To improve understanding of the physics of dynamic instabilities in unsaturated flow processes within the Paintbrush nonwelded unit (PTn) and the middle nonlithophysal portion of the Topopah Spring welded tuff unit (TSw) of Yucca Mountain, we analyzed data from a series of infiltration tests carried out at two sites (Alcove 4 and Alcove 6) in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), using analytical and empirical functions. The analysis of infiltration rates measured at both sites showed three temporal scales of infiltration rate: (1) a macro-scale trend of overall decreasing flow, (2) a meso-scale trend of fast and slow motion exhibiting three-stage variations of the flow rate (decreasing, increasing, and [again] decreasing flow rate, as observed in soils in the presence of entrapped air), and (3) micro-scale (high frequency) fluctuations. Infiltration tests in the nonwelded unit at Alcove 4 indicate that this unit may effectively dampen episodic fast infiltration events; however, well-known Kostyakov, Horton, and Philip equations do not satisfactorily describe the observed trends of the infiltration rate. Instead, a Weibull distribution model can most accurately describe experimentally determined time trends of the infiltration rate. Infiltration tests in highly permeable, fractured, welded tuff at Alcove 6 indicate that the infiltration rate exhibits pulsation, which may have been caused by multiple threshold effects and water-air redistribution between fractures and matrix. The empirical relationships between the extrinsic seepage from fractures, matrix imbibition, and gravity drainage versus the infiltration rate, as well as scaling and self-similarity for the leading edge of the water front are the hallmark of the nonlinear dynamic processes in water flow under episodic infiltration through fractured tuff. Based on the analysis of experimental data, we propose a conceptual model of a dynamic fracture flow and fracture-matrix interaction in fractured tuff, incorporating the time-dependent processes of water redistribution in the fracture-matrix system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All fights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Faybishenko, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Faybishenko, Boris/G-3363-2015 OI Faybishenko, Boris/0000-0003-0085-8499 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 63 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00175-4 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300005 PM 12714285 ER PT J AU Finsterle, S Ahlers, CF Trautz, RC Cook, PJ AF Finsterle, S Ahlers, CF Trautz, RC Cook, PJ TI Inverse and predictive modeling of seepage into underground openings SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE capillary barrier; unsaturated zone; parameter estimation ID EXCLUSION PROBLEM; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; CYLINDRICAL CAVITIES; UNSATURATED ZONE; NEVADA; FLOW; FRACTURES AB We discuss the development and calibration of a model for predicting seepage into underground openings. Seepage is a key factor affecting the performance of the potential nuelear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Three-dimensional numerical models were developed to simulate field tests in which water was released from boreholes above excavated niches. Data from air-injection tests were geostatistically analyzed to infer the heterogeneous structure of the fracture permeability field. The heterogeneous continuum model was then calibrated against the measured amount of water that seeped into the opening. This approach resulted in the estimation of model-related, seepage-specific parameters on the scale of interest. The ability of the calibrated model to predict seepage was examined by comparing calculated with measured seepage rates from additional experiments conducted in different portions of the fracture network. We conclude that an effective capillary strength parameter is suitable to characterize seepage-related features and processes for use in a prediction model of average seepage into potential waste-emplacement drifts. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Finsterle, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 89 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00174-2 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300006 PM 12714286 ER PT J AU Hinds, JJ Bodvarsson, GS Nieder-Westermann, GH AF Hinds, JJ Bodvarsson, GS Nieder-Westermann, GH TI Conceptual evaluation of the potential role of fractures in unsaturated processes at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yucca Mountain; fracture characteristics; conceptual model; repository ID NEVADA; MODEL; TRANSPORT; SCALE; SITE; FLOW; ROCKS; FIELD; ZONE AB A wide array of field observations, in situ testing, and rock and water sampling (and subsequent analyses) within the unsaturated zone (UZ) of Yucca Mountain demonstrate the importance of fractures to flow and transport in the welded tuffs. The abundance of fractures and the spatial variability in their hydraulic properties, along with the heterogeneity within lithologic formations, make evaluation of unsaturated processes occurring within the potential repository horizon complex. Fracture mapping and field testing show that fractures are well connected, yet considerable variation is seen within and between units comprising the potential repository horizon with regard to fracture trace length, spacing, permeability, and capillarity. These variations have important implications for the distribution and movement of water and solutes through the unsaturated zone. Numerical models designed to assess such phenomena as unsaturated flow, transport, and coupled thermal-hydrological processes each require their own conceptual model for fracture networks, in order to identify the subset of all fractures that is relevant to the particular study. We evaluate several process-dependent conceptual models for fractures and identify the relevant fracture subsets related to these processes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. RP Bodvarsson, GS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 111 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00173-0 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300007 PM 12714287 ER PT J AU Houseworth, JE Finsterle, S Bodvarsson, GS AF Houseworth, JE Finsterle, S Bodvarsson, GS TI Flow and transport in the drift shadow in a dual-continuum model SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsaturated zone flow; fractured rock; radionuclide transport; Yucca Mountain; numerical modeling ID YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; NEVADA AB The current concept for high-level radioactive waste disposal at Yucca Mountain is for the waste to be placed in underground tunnels (or drifts) in the middle of a thick unsaturated zone. Flow modeling and field testing have shown that not all flow encountering a drift will seep into the drift. The underlying reason for the diversion of unsaturated flow around a drift is that capillary forces in the fractures and matrix prevent water entry into the drift unless the capillary pressure in the rock decreases sufficiently to allow for gravity forces to overcome the capillary barrier. As a result of the capillary barrier effect, flow tends to be diverted around the drift, affecting the flow pattern beneath the drift. For some distance beneath the drift, water saturation and flux are reduced. This drift shadow zone is much more pronounced in the fractures than in the matrix due to dominance of gravity over capillary forces in the fractures. Moving downward, away from the drift, the shadow zone asymptotically re-equilibrates to the undisturbed flow conditions due to capillary forces. The behavior of radionuclide transport in this zone of reduced flow is investigated here because this will affect the amount of time required for radionuclides to penetrate the unsaturated zone. The delay of radionuclide movement in the geosphere is one aspect of the potential repository system that could limit public exposure to radioactive waste. The behavior of flow and transport is calculated using a two-dimensional, drift-scale dual-permeability model extending to nine drift diameters below the potential waste emplacement drift. The flow model is first compared with an analytical model for a single continuum. Then, the dual-continuum flow model is investigated with respect to drift-scale and mountain-scale property sets. Transport calculations are performed for a wide range of flow conditions and for different aqueous radionuclides and colloids. Findings indicate that transport times for dissolved or colloidal material released from a drift without seepage are several orders of magnitude longer than if the releases occurred in the undisturbed flow field. Furthermore, the calculations indicate that the transport rate for radionuclides released in the drift shadow is relatively insensitive to flow rates in the fractures, but is sensitive to the flow rate in the matrix. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Houseworth, JE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009; Houseworth, James/D-8749-2015 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906; NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 133 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00172-9 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300008 PM 12714288 ER PT J AU Li, GM Tsang, CF AF Li, GM Tsang, CF TI Seepage into drifts with mechanical degradation SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsaturated flow; drift degradation; seepage; heterogeneity; Yucca Mountain; Nevada ID YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; UNSATURATED ZONE; FLOW AB Seepage into drifts in unsaturated tuff is an important issue for the long-term performance of the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Drifts in which waste packages will be emplaced are subject to degradation in the form of rockfall from the drift ceiling, induced by stress-relief, seismic, or thermal effects. The objective of this study is to calculate seepage rates, for various drift-degradation scenarios and for different values of percolation flux, in the Topopah Spring middle nonlithophysal (Tptpmn) and the Topopah Spring lower lithophysal (Tptpll) units at Yucca Mountain. Seepage calculations are conducted by (1) defining a heterogeneous drift-scale permeability model with field data, (2) selecting calibrated parameters associated with the Tptpmn and Tptpll units, and (3) simulating seepage, based on detailed degraded-drift profiles obtained from a separate rock mechanics engineering analysis. The simulation results indicate (1) that the seepage threshold (i.e., the percolation flux at which seepage first occurs) is not significantly changed by drift degradation and (2) the degradation-induced increase in seepage above the threshold is influenced probably more by the shape of the cavity created by rockfall than by rockfall volume. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, GM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00171-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300009 PM 12714289 ER PT J AU Liu, HH Haukwa, CB Ahlers, CF Bodvarsson, GS Flint, AL Guertal, WB AF Liu, HH Haukwa, CB Ahlers, CF Bodvarsson, GS Flint, AL Guertal, WB TI Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: an evaluation of the continuum approach SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsaturated flow; model calibration; seepage; matrix diffusion ID POROUS-MEDIA; SEEPAGE; WATER; ZONES AB Because the continuum approach is relatively simple and straightforward to implement, it has been commonly used in modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. However, the usefulness of this approach can be questioned in terms of its adequacy for representing fingering flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. The continuum approach thus needs to be evaluated carefully by comparing simulation results with field observations directly related to unsaturated flow and transport processes. This paper reports on such an evaluation, based on a combination of model calibration and prediction, using data from an infiltration test carried out in a densely fractured rock within the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Comparisons between experimental and modeling results show that the continuum approach may be able to capture important features of flow and transport processes observed from the test. The modeling results also show that matrix diffusion may have a significant effect on the overall transport behavior in unsaturated fractured rocks, which can be used to estimate effective fracture-matrix interface areas based on tracer transport data. While more theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies are needed to provide a conclusive evaluation, this study suggests that the continuum approach is useful for modeling flow and transport in unsaturated, densely fractured rock. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Liu, HH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 173 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300010 PM 12714290 ER PT J AU Liu, JC Bodvarsson, GS Wu, YS AF Liu, JC Bodvarsson, GS Wu, YS TI Analysis of flow behavior in fractured lithophysal reservoirs SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE naturally fractured reservoirs; dual-porosity model; triple-porosity model; Warren-root solution; well testing analysis; dual-continuum medium AB This study develops a mathematical model for the analysis of pressure behavior in fractured lithophysal reservoirs. The lithophysal rock is described as a tri-continuum medium, consisting of fractures, rock matrices, and cavities. In the conceptual model, fractures have homogeneous properties throughout and interact with rock matrices and cavities that have different permeabilities and porosities. Global flow occurs through the fracture network only, while rock matrices and cavities contain the majority of fluid storage and provide fluid drainage to the fractures. Interporosity flows between the triple media are described using a pseudosteady-state concept and the system is characterized by interporosity transmissivity ratios and storativity ratio of each continuum. Pressure behavior is analyzed by examining the pressure drawdown curves, the derivative plots, and the effects of the characteristic parameters. Typical pressure responses from fractures, matrices, and cavities are represented by three semilog straight lines; the transitions by two troughs below the stabilization lines in the derivative plots. The analytical solution to the proposed model is further verified using a numerical simulation. The analytical model has also been applied to a published field-buildup well test and is able to match the pressure buildup data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bodvarsson, GS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 189 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00169-9 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300011 PM 12714291 ER PT J AU Liu, JC Sonnenthal, EL Bodvarsson, GS AF Liu, JC Sonnenthal, EL Bodvarsson, GS TI Calibration of Yucca Mountain unsaturated zone flow and transport model using porewater chloride data SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloride; unsaturated zone; Yucca Mountain; geochemistry; infiltration map; percolation ID HYDROLOGY; NEVADA AB In this study, porewater chloride data from Yucca Mountain, NV are analyzed and modeled by three-dimensional chemical transport simulation and analytical methods. The simulation modeling approach is based on a continuum formulation of coupled multiphase fluid flow and tracer transport processes through fractured porous rock using a dual-continuum concept. Infiltration rate calibrations were performed using the porewater chloride data. Model results of chloride distributions were improved in matching the observed data with the calibrated infiltration rates. Statistical analyses of the frequency distribution for overall percolation fluxes and chloride concentration in the unsaturated zone system demonstrate that the use of the calibrated infiltration rates had an insignificant effect on the distribution of simulated percolation fluxes but significantly changed the predicted distribution of simulated chloride concentrations. An analytical method was also applied to model transient chloride transport. The method was verified by three-dimensional simulation results to be capable of capturing major chemical transient behavior and trends. Effects of lateral flow in the Paintbrush nonwelded unit on percolation fluxes and chloride distribution were studied by three-dimensional simulations with increased horizontal permeability. The combined results from these model calibrations furnish important information for the UZ model studies, contributing to performance assessment of the potential repository. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bodvarsson, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 213 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00168-7 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300012 PM 12714292 ER PT J AU Robinson, BA Li, CH Ho, CK AF Robinson, BA Li, CH Ho, CK TI Performance assessment model development and analysis of radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE radionuclide transport; Yucca Mountain; Total System Performance Assessment ID FRACTURED POROUS-MEDIA; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; POTENTIAL REPOSITORY AB This paper describes the development and use of a particle-tracking model to perform radionuclide-transport simulations in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The goal of the effort was to produce a computational model that can be coupled to the project's calibrated 3D site-scale flow model so that the results of that effort could be incorporated directly into the Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) analyses. The transport model simulates multiple species (typically 20 or more) with complex time-varying and spatially varying releases from the potential repository. Water-table rise, climate-change scenarios, and decay chains are additional features of the model. A cell-based particle-tracking method was employed that includes a dual-permeability formulation, advection, longitudinal dispersion, matrix diffusion, and colloid-facilitated transport. This paper examines the transport behavior of several key radionuclides through the unsaturated zone using the calibrated 3D unsaturated flow fields. Computational results illustrate the relative importance of fracture flow, matrix diffusion, and lateral diversion on the distribution of travel times from the simulated repository to the water table for various climatic conditions. Results also indicate rapid transport through fractures for a portion of the released mass. Further refinement of the model will address several issues, including conservatism in the transport model, the assignment of parameters in the flow and transport models, and the underlying assumptions used to support the conceptual models of flow and transport in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Framatome ANP DE&S, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robinson, BA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Stop T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 249 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00166-3 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300014 PM 12714294 ER PT J AU Salve, R Oldenburg, CM Wang, JSY AF Salve, R Oldenburg, CM Wang, JSY TI Fault-matrix interactions in nonwelded tuff of the Paintbrush Group at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fault-matrix interaction; nonwelded tuff; unsaturated zone; conceptual models; Yucca Mountain ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED ZONE; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; ROCK FRACTURES; WATER-FLOW; REPOSITORY; NEVADA AB To investigate the potential for fast flow through altered tuff of the nonwelded unit of the Paintbrush Group (PTn) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, we carried out in situ field experiments using water released directly into the matrix and along a minor subvertical normal fault at Alcove 4 in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF). During the experiments, changes in moisture content were monitored within the test bed, and a slot excavated below the test bed was visually inspected for seepage. Our field tests suggest that the dry porous PTn matrix is capable of attenuating episodic percolation fluxes in localized areas (such as around faults) where fast flow would be expected to dominate. Once wetted, the matrix is able to retain the moisture over a period of months. As saturation increases in the matrix, less water imbibes along the fault and more water travels farther along the fault. From this observation, we infer that a sequence of infiltration events separated by periods of up to a few months could convey water over increasing distances along the fault. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salve, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 14-116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 269 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00165-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300015 PM 12714295 ER PT J AU Tidwell, VC Glass, RJ Chocas, C Barker, G Orear, L AF Tidwell, VC Glass, RJ Chocas, C Barker, G Orear, L TI Visualization experiment to investigate capillary barrier performance in the context of a Yucca Mountain emplacement drift SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE capillary barrier; flow visualization; capillary barrier drainage; engineered backfill systems ID POROUS-MEDIA; ANISOTROPY AB The use of capillary barriers as engineered backfill systems to divert water away from radioactive waste potentially stored in a Yucca Mountain emplacement drift is investigated. We designed and conducted a flow visualization experiment to investigate capillary barrier performance in this context. A two-dimensional, thin slab, test system replicated the physical emplacement drift to one-quarter scale (1.4-m diameter) and included the simulated drift wall, waste canister, pedestal, capillary barrier backfill, and host-rock fracture system. Water was supplied at the top of the simulated drift and allowed to discharge by way of wicks located along the left wall of the cell (simulated fractures) or by a gravity drain at the bottom of the right side (simulated impermeable rock with floor drain). Photographs captured the migration of water and a blue dye tracer within the system, analytical balances measured the mass balance of water, while tensiometers measured the capillary pressure at numerous locations. Of particular concern to this test was the drainage of the capillary barrier, which terminates against the drift wall. We found that while the simulated fractures (left side) and drain (right side) each influenced the performance of the capillary barrier at early time, they had little differential affect at later times. Also of concern was the small disparity in capillary properties between the fine and coarse layer (limited by the need of a fine-grained material that would not filter into the coarse layer under dry conditions). While the capillary barrier was able to divert the majority of flow toward the edges of the system and away from the simulated waste canister, the barrier did not preclude flow in the coarse layer, which was noted to be visually wet next to the waste canister on day 92 and was continuing to take on water at termination on day 112. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tidwell, VC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00164-X PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300016 PM 12714296 ER PT J AU Tseng, PH Soll, WE Gable, CW Turin, HJ Bussod, GY AF Tseng, PH Soll, WE Gable, CW Turin, HJ Bussod, GY TI Modeling unsaturated flow and transport processes at the Busted Butte Field Test Site, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsaturated flow and transport; numerical modeling; field tracer test; flow and transport in tuffs ID MILLER-SIMILAR MEDIUM; STEADY-STATE FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SOILS AB A numerical model was used to simulate the flow and transport processes at the Busted Butte Field Test Site for the purpose of quantifying the effects of hydrogeologic conditions beneath the potential Yucca Mountain repository horizon. In situ experiments were conducted on a 10 x 10 x 7 m block comprising a layered Topopah Springs/Calico Hills formation with two imbedded faults. Tracer solution was continuously injected in eight parallel boreholes arranged on two horizontal planes. Twelve collection boreholes were emplaced perpendicular to the injection holes and were both horizontal and inclined. Solution samples were collected regularly using a sampling assembly consisting of an inverted membrane and sorbing-paper sampling pads. Comparisons between measurements and predictions show that, except for the occasional drops of concentrations observed in the field, the current model is able to capture the general characteristics of the system with varying levels of agreement using laboratory-measured mean hydraulic properties. Simulation results and field observations revealed a capillary-driven flow in the system. Good quantitative agreement is generally observed for near-field boreholes, however, this agreement deteriorates and the simulated solute concentration is underestimated at boreholes farther away from the injection points. Increasing the spatial resolution of the simulation improves the model predictions only to a limited extent. Scaling issues may need to be considered to describe flow and transport events, as the travel distance becomes large. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Dynam & Spatial Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Isotope & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Tseng, PH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, EES-6,MS-T003, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; OI Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 303 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00163-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300017 PM 12714297 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, HS Robinson, BA Gable, CW Carey, JW AF Viswanathan, HS Robinson, BA Gable, CW Carey, JW TI A geostatistical modeling study of the effect of heterogeneity on radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsaturated flow and transport; numerical modeling; heterogeneous media; zeolitic tuffs ID POROUS-MEDIA AB Retardation of certain radionuclides due to sorption to zeolitic minerals is considered one of the major barriers to contaminant transport in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain. However, zeolitically altered areas are lower in permeability than unaltered regions, which raises the possibility that contaminants might bypass the sorptive zeolites. The relationship between hydrologic and chemical properties must be understood to predict the transport of radionuclides through zeolitically altered areas. In this study, we incorporate mineralogical information into an unsaturated zone transport model using geostatistical techniques to correlate zeolitic abundance to hydrologic and chemical properties. Geostatistical methods are used to develop variograms, kriging maps, and conditional simulations of zeolitic abundance. We then investigate, using flow and transport modeling on a heterogeneous field, the relationship between percent zeolitic alteration, permeability changes due to alteration, sorption due to alteration, and their overall effect on adionuclide transport. We compare these geostatistical simulations to a simplified threshold method in which each spatial location in the model is assigned either zeolitic or vitric properties based on the zeolitic abundance at that location. A key conclusion is that retardation due to sorption predicted by using the continuous distribution is larger than the retardation predicted by the threshold method. The reason for larger retardation when using the continuous distribution is a small but significant sorption at locations with low zeolitic abundance. If, for practical reasons, models with homogeneous properties within each layer are used, we recommend setting nonzero K(d)s in the vitric tuffs to mimic the more rigorous continuous distribution simulations. Regions with high zeolitic abundance may not be as effective in retarding radionuclides such as Neptunium since these rocks are lower in permeability and contaminants can only enter these regions through molecular diffusion. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Viswanathan, HS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010; Carey, James/B-4421-2011; Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; OI Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 319 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00162-6 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300018 PM 12714298 ER PT J AU Wang, JSY Bodvarsson, GS AF Wang, JSY Bodvarsson, GS TI Evolution of the unsaturated zone testing at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE seepage; fracture flow; fracture-matrix interaction; matrix diffusion; percolation; flow and transport; unsaturated zone; Yucca Mountain ID SATURATED FRACTURED TUFF; THERMOHYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS; HEATER TEST; FLOW; SEEPAGE; NEVADA; MODEL; TRANSPORT; WATER; FLUID AB The evaluation of the Yucca Mountain site has evolved from intensive surface-based investigations in the early 1980s to current focus on testing in underground drifts. Different periods of site characterization activities and prominent issues concerning the unsaturated zone (UZ) are summarized. Data collection activities have evolved from mapping of faults and fractures. to estimation of percolation through tuff layers, and to quantification of seepage into drifts. Evaluation of discrete flow paths in drifts has led to fracture-matrix interaction and matrix diffusion tests over different scales. The effects of tuff interfaces and local faults are evaluated in fractured-welded and porous-nonwelded units. Mobilization of matrix water and redistribution of moisture are measured in thermal tests. Lessons learned from underground tests are used to focus on processes needed for additional quantification. Migration through the drift shadow zone and liquid flow through faults are two important issues that have evolved from current knowledge. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, JSY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 337 EP 360 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00161-4 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300019 PM 12714299 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Wu, YS Bodvarsson, GS AF Zhang, K Wu, YS Bodvarsson, GS TI Parallel computing simulation of fluid flow in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE parallel computing; flow modeling; Yucca Mountain; unsaturated zone; numerical simulation ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; TRANSPORT; MODEL; SCALE; MEDIA AB This paper presents the application of parallel computing techniques to large-scale modeling of fluid flow in the unsaturated zone (UZ) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. In this study, parallel computing techniques, as implemented into the TOUGH2 code, are applied in large-scale numerical simulations on a distributed-memory parallel computer. The modeling study has been conducted using an over-1-million-cell three-dimensional numerical model, which incorporates a wide variety of field data for the highly heterogeneous fractured formation at Yucca Mountain. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of various surface infiltration scenarios (under current and possible future climates) on flow through the UZ system, using various hydrogeological conceptual models with refined grids. The results indicate that the 1-million-cell models produce better resolution results and reveal some flow patterns that cannot be obtained using coarse-grid modeling models. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kzhang@lbl.gov RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 381 EP 399 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00159-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300021 PM 12714301 ER PT J AU Arnold, BW Kuzio, SP Robinson, BA AF Arnold, BW Kuzio, SP Robinson, BA TI Radionuclide transport simulation and uncertainty analyses with the saturated-zone site-scale model at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE saturated zone; radionuclide; groundwater transport; model; particle tracking; uncertainty ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MIGRATION; FRACTURES AB Evaluation of radionuclide transport in the saturated zone (SZ) to the accessible environment is an important component of performance assessment for the proposed radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain. Simulations of radionuclide migration in the SZ have been performed using the calibrated three-dimensional (3-D) SZ site-scale flow and transport model. An innovative particle-tracking method was used to simulate transport that includes the processes of advection, dispersion, matrix diffusion, and sorption. The uncertainties in groundwater flow and radionuclide transport were quantitatively evaluated to develop uncertainty distributions for key model parameters, and multiple realizations of the SZ system were simulated using the SZ site-scale model. The results of multiple realizations of radionuclide transport indicate significant aggregate uncertainty in transport times through the SZ. The simulated radionuclide mass breakthrough curves in the SZ have been coupled with other components of the repository system in Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) analyses and constitute the means by which uncertainty in the SZ is incorporated into regulatory analyses. Regression analysis has been used to determine the sensitivity of radionuclide transport simulation results to the uncertainty of individual model input parameters. Results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that median radionuclide transport times were dominantly controlled by uncertainty in the specific discharge in the SZ, with sorption and retardation in the alluvium playing important roles for some radionuclides. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arnold, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0776, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 401 EP 419 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00158-4 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300022 PM 12714302 ER PT J AU Buscheck, TA Glascoe, LG Lee, KH Gansemer, J Sun, Y Mansoor, K AF Buscheck, TA Glascoe, LG Lee, KH Gansemer, J Sun, Y Mansoor, K TI Validation of the Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model used for analysis of a proposed repository at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yucca Mountain; thermal; hydrological; repository; multiscale; validation ID UNSATURATED ZONE; NEVADA; FLOW AB Performance assessment and design evaluation of the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain are facilitated by a thermohydrologic modeling tool that simultaneously accounts for processes occurring at a scale of a few tens of centimeters around individual waste packages and emplacement drifts, and accounts for processes at the multi-kilometer scale of the mountain. The most straightforward approach is to account for the 3-D drift- and mountain-scale dimensionality all within a single monolithic thermohydrologic model. This approach is too computationally expensive to be a viable simulation tool capable of addressing all waste-package locations in the repository. The Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model (MSTHM) is a computationally efficient alternative to addressing these modeling issues. In this paper, we describe the principal calculation stages to predict temperature, relative humidity, and liquid-saturation, as well as other thermohydrologic variables, in the drifts and in the host rock. Using a three-drift repository example (which is a scaled-down version of the proposed repository), we demonstrate the validity of the MSTHM approach against a nested monolithic thermohydrologic model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Buscheck, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, L-204,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 421 EP 440 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00157-2 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300023 PM 12714303 ER PT J AU Buscheck, TA Rosenberg, ND Blink, JA Sun, Y Gansemer, J AF Buscheck, TA Rosenberg, ND Blink, JA Sun, Y Gansemer, J TI Analysis of thermohydrologic behavior for above-boiling and below-boiling thermal-operating modes for a repository at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yucca Mountain; thermal; hydrological; repository; multi-scale ID FRACTURE; NEVADA; FLOW AB We report results from a multi-scale thermohydrologic modeling study for two alternative thermal-operating modes for the potential repository system recently analyzed by the Yucca Mountain Project. These include a Higher-Temperature Operating Mode (HTOM), which results in a localized boiling zone around each emplacement drift, and a Lower-Temperature Operating Mode (LTOM), which always maintains sub-boiling temperatures throughout the repository. The HTOM places all waste packages nearly end to end, making the lineal power density greater than in the LTOM. The lower lineal power density in the LTOM was achieved by placing some waste packages farther apart (which results in a larger repository footprint), and through an increased reliance on pre-closure ventilation to remove the waste-package-generated heat. We focus on temperature T and relative humidity RH at the waste-package and drift-wall surfaces, and on in-drift evaporation. In general, HTOM temperatures are greater than corresponding LTOM temperatures, exhibit similar spatial variability and have a stronger dependence on infiltration flux. The duration of RH reduction on waste packages is similar for the LTOM and HTOM. A major difference between the LTOM and HTOM is the lower waste-package temperature at any given value of waste-package RH for the LTOM. Waste-package temperatures in the LTOM, by design, remain below similar to85degreesC; the absence of RH reduction arising from host-rock dryout causes waste-package RH to remain above about 40%. The HTOM waste packages experience higher temperatures and correspondingly lower RH conditions as a result of RH reduction arising from host-rock dryout. For most of the repository area, the HTOM delays the potential onset of gravity-driven seepage compared to the LTOM (as indicated by the duration of boiling at the drift wall). Boiling conditions in the HTOM also delays the onset of capillary-driven seepage into the granular invert, causing the HTOM to have less evaporation in the invert during the first 800-1500 years than the LTOM; subsequent evaporation rates are higher in the HTOM, due to the higher power density. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Buscheck, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, L-204,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 441 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00156-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300024 PM 12714304 ER PT J AU Dobson, PF Kneafsey, TJ Sonnenthal, EL Spycher, N Apps, JA AF Dobson, PF Kneafsey, TJ Sonnenthal, EL Spycher, N Apps, JA TI Experimental and numerical simulation of dissolution and precipitation: implications for fracture sealing at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dissolution; precipitation; porosity; permeability; reactive transport; heat pipe ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; FLUID-FLOW; TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURES; QUARTZ; PHASE; TUFF AB Plugging of flow paths caused by mineral precipitation in fractures above the potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada could reduce the probability of water seeping into the repository. As part of an ongoing effort to evaluate thermal-hydrological-chemical (THC) effects on flow in fractured media, we performed a laboratory experiment and numerical simulations to investigate mineral dissolution and precipitation under anticipated temperature and pressure conditions in the repository. To replicate mineral dissolution by vapor condensate in fractured tuff, water was flowed through crushed Yucca Mountain tuff at 94 degreesC. The resulting steady-state fluid composition had a total dissolved solids content of about 140 mg/l; silica was the dominant dissolved constituent. A portion of the steady-state mineralized water was flowed into a vertically oriented planar fracture in a block of welded Topopah Spring Tuff that was maintained at 80 degreesC at the top and 130 degreesC at the bottom. The fracture began to seal with amorphous silica within 5 days. A I-D plug-flow numerical model was used to simulate mineral dissolution, and a similar model was developed to simulate the flow of mineralized water through a planar fracture, where boiling conditions led to mineral precipitation. Predicted concentrations of the major dissolved constituents for the tuff dissolution were within a factor of 2 of the measured average steady-state compositions. The mineral precipitation simulations predicted the precipitation of amorphous silica at the base of the boiling front, leading to a greater than 50-fold decrease in fracture permeability in 5 days, consistent with the laboratory experiment. These results help validate the use of a numerical model to simulate THC processes at Yucca Mountain. The experiment and simulations indicated that boiling and concomitant precipitation of amorphous silica could cause significant reductions in fracture porosity and permeability on a local scale. However, differences in fluid flow rates and thermal gradients between the experimental setup and anticipated conditions at Yucca Mountain need to be factored into scaling the results of the dissolution/precipitation experiments and associated simulations to THC models for the potential Yucca Mountain repository. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Earth Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dobson, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Earth Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009; Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014; Dobson, Patrick/D-8771-2015; Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010 OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587; Dobson, Patrick/0000-0001-5031-8592; NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 459 EP 476 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00155-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300025 PM 12714305 ER PT J AU Eddebbarh, AA Zyvoloski, GA Robinson, BA Kwicklis, EM Reimus, PW Arnold, BW Corbet, T Kuzio, SP Faunt, C AF Eddebbarh, AA Zyvoloski, GA Robinson, BA Kwicklis, EM Reimus, PW Arnold, BW Corbet, T Kuzio, SP Faunt, C TI The saturated zone at Yucca Mountain: an overview of the characterization and assessment of the saturated zone as a barrier to potential radionuclide migration SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yucca Mountain; saturated zone; site-scale flow and transport model; radionuclides AB The US Department of Energy is pursuing Yucca Mountain, Nevada, for the development of a geologic repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, if the repository is able to meet applicable radiation protection standards established by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Effective performance of such a repository would rely on a number of 'natural and engineered barriers to isolate radioactive waste from the accessible environment. Groundwater beneath Yucca Mountain is the primary medium through which most radionuclides might move away from the potential repository. The saturated zone (SZ) system is expected to act as a natural barrier to this possible movement of radionuclides both by delaying their transport and by reducing their concentration before they reach the accessible environment. Information obtained from Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project activities is used to estimate groundwater flow rates through the site-scale SZ flow and transport model area and to constrain general conceptual models of groundwater flow in the site-scale area. The site-scale conceptual model is a synthesis of what is known about flow and transport processes at the scale required for total system performance assessment of the site. This knowledge builds on and is consistent with knowledge that has accumulated at the regional scale but is more detailed because more data are available at the site-scale level. The mathematical basis of the site-scale model and the associated numerical approaches are designed to assist in quantifying the uncertainty in the permeability of rocks in the geologic framework model and to represent accurately the flow and transport processes included in the site-scale conceptual model. Confidence in the results of the mathematical model was obtained by comparing calculated to observed hydraulic heads, estimated to measured permeabilities, and lateral flow rates calculated by the site-scale model to those calculated by the regional-scale flow model. In addition, it was confirmed that the flow paths leaving the region of the potential repository are consistent with those inferred from gradients of measured head and those independently inferred from water-chemistry data. The general approach of the site-scale SZ flow and transport model analysis is to calculate unit breakthrough curves for radionuclides at the interface between the SZ and the biosphere using the three-dimensional site-scale SZ flow and transport model. Uncertainties are explicitly incorporated into the site-scale SZ flow and transport abstractions through key parameters and conceptual models. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Isotope & Nucl Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Eddebbarh, AA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 477 EP 493 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00154-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300026 PM 12714306 ER PT J AU Glassley, WE Nitao, JJ Grant, CW AF Glassley, WE Nitao, JJ Grant, CW TI Three-dimensional spatial variability of chemical properties around a monitored waste emplacement tunnel SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE reactive transport; nuclear waste repository; monitoring; parallel computing; pore water chemistry AB Regulatory requirements and scientific needs require that the response of the geological system to emplacement of high level radioactive waste be monitored for long time periods. This monitoring activity is intended to establish the extent to which predicted behavior matches the actual response of the geological system to waste emplacement. To accomplish this goal, field measurements must be made at a spatial resolution that will determine whether the changes in parameters that are monitored conform to predicted evolutionary patterns. From the perspective of thermohydrological and geochemical parameters, key measurements will consider pore water compositional evolution and changes in matrix and fracture saturation in the near vicinity of waste emplacement tunnels. A massively parallel high performance computational platform (a 1200 processor IBM SP-2) was used to conduct three-dimensional, high resolution simulations to ascertain the spatial variability to be expected during a monitoring period. The results show that spatial variability in certain chemical parameters below waste emplacement tunnels provides robust targets for monitoring, but will require sampling on the scale of 10 s of centimeters in some locations, in order to rigorously test models. Chemical variability induced by relatively small changes in waste package heat output suggests that designing a monitoring program that will rigorously test model predictions will likely require high resolution, three-dimensional simulations of the "as-built" monitoring tunnels. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glassley, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM glassley1@llnl.gov; nitao1@llnl.gov; grant1@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00153-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300027 PM 12714307 ER PT J AU Haukwa, CB Tsang, YW Wu, YS Bodvarsson, GS AF Haukwa, CB Tsang, YW Wu, YS Bodvarsson, GS TI Effect of heterogeneity in fracture permeability on the potential for liquid seepage into a heated emplacement drift of the potential repository SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal hydrological response; liquid seepage; fracture flow; stochastic fracture permeability ID THICK UNSATURATED ZONES; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; MODEL; FLOW; ROCKS; TRANSPORT; TUFF AB A numerical model was used to investigate the effect of spatial variability in fracture permeability on liquid seepage and moisture distribution in the vicinity of a waste emplacement drift in the unsaturated zone (UZ) of Yucca Mountain. The model is based on a two-dimensional, cross-sectional, dual-permeability model of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain and uses a stochastic approach to investigate the effect of small-scale heterogeneous features. The studies were conducted using one uniform fracture permeability case, three realizations of stochastically generated fracture permeability, one discrete permeability feature case, and one increased ambient liquid flux case. In all cases, the models predict that completely dry drift conditions will develop above and below the drift in 10-100 years and remain dry for 1000-2000 years. During this period, the models predict no seepage into drifts, although liquid flux above the drifts and within the drift pillars may increase by up to two orders of magnitude above ambient flux. This is because the heat released by the emplaced waste is sufficient to vaporize liquid flux of one to two orders of magnitude higher than present-day ambient flux for over 1000 years. The results also show that unsaturated zone thermal hydrological (TH) models with uniform layer permeability can adequately predict the evolution of seepage and moisture distribution in the rock mass surrounding the repository drifts. The models further show that although variability in fracture permeability may focus and enhance liquid flow in regions of enhanced liquid saturation (due to condensation above the drifts), vaporization and vapor diffusion can maintain a dry environment within the drifts for thousands of years. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haukwa, CB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 509 EP 527 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00152-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300028 PM 12714308 ER PT J AU Haukwa, CB Wu, YS Bodvarsson, GS AF Haukwa, CB Wu, YS Bodvarsson, GS TI Modeling thermal-hydrological response of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, to thermal load at a potential repository SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal hydrological behavior; unsaturated zone flow and transport; radioactive waste disposal; drift ventilation; thermal and moisture distribution; liquid reflux ID HEATER TEST; TRANSPORT; FLOW; FLUID AB This paper presents a numerical study on the response of the unsaturated zone (UZ) system of Yucca Mountain to heat generated from decaying radioactive wastes emplaced at the proposed repository. The modeling study is based on the current thermal-hydrological (TH) mountain-scale model, which uses a locally refined, 2D north-south cross-section and dual-permeability numerical approach. The model provides a prediction of the mountain-scale TH response under the thermal-load scenario of 1.45 kW/m, while accounting for future climatic changes and the effects of drift ventilation. The TH simulation results show that ventilation of the repository drifts has a large impact on thermal-hydrologic regimes and moisture-flow conditions at the repository. In both cases, with and without ventilation, the TH model predicts dry or reduced liquid saturation near the drifts for over 1000 years, during which liquid flux through the drifts is reduced to either zero or less than the ambient flux. Without ventilation, the model predicts higher temperatures at the repository, but no major moisture redistribution in the UZ except in the areas very near the heated drifts. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haukwa, CB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 529 EP 552 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00188-2 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300029 PM 12714309 ER PT J AU Jolley, DM Ehrhorn, TF Horn, J AF Jolley, DM Ehrhorn, TF Horn, J TI Microbial Impacts to the Near-Field Environment Geochemistry: a model for estimating microbial communities in repository drifts at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE geomicrobiology; microbial communities; bioremediation; biofilms; engineered barriers; geochemistry; predictive modeling; radionuclide sorption ID SUBSURFACE; MICROORGANISMS; REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; URANIUM AB Geochemical and microbiological modeling was performed to evaluate the potential quantities and impact of microorganisms on the geochemistry of the area adjacent to and within nuclear waste packages in the proposed repository drifts at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The microbial growth results from the introduction of water, ground support, and waste package materials into the deep unsaturated rock. The simulations, which spanned I million years, were accomplished using a newly developed computer code, Microbial Impacts to the Near-Field Environment Geochemistry (MING). MING uses environmental thresholds for limiting microbial growth to temperatures below 120 degreesC and above relative humidities of 90% in repository drifts. Once these thresholds are met, MING expands upon a mass balance and thermodynamic approach proposed by McKinley et al. [FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 20 (1997) 545] by using kinetic rates to supply constituents from design materials and constituent fluxes including solubilized rock components into the drift to perform two separate mass balance calculations as a function of time. The first (nutrient limit) assesses the available nutrients (C, N, P and S) and calculates how many microorganisms can be produced based on a microorganism stoichiometry Of C-160(H280O80)N30P2S. The second (energy limit) calculates the energy available from optimally combined redox couples for the temperature and pH at that time. This optimization maximizes those reactions that produce >15 kJ/mol (limit on useable energy) using an iterative linear optimization technique. The final available energy value is converted to microbial mass at a rate of I kg of biomass (dry weight) for every 64 MJ of energy. These two values (nutrient limit and energy limit) are then compared and the smaller value represents the number of microorganisms that can be produced over a specified time. MING can also be adapted to investigate other problems of interest as the model can be used in saturated and unsaturated environments and in laboratory situations to establish microbial growth limitations. Other projected uses include investigations of contaminated locations where monitored natural attenuation or engineered bioremediation could be employed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Framatome ANP DE & S, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. Framatome ANP DE & S, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jolley, DM (reprint author), Framatome ANP DE & S, 1180 Town Ctr Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 553 EP 575 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00187-0 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300030 PM 12714310 ER PT J AU McKenna, SA Walker, DD Arnold, B AF McKenna, SA Walker, DD Arnold, B TI Modeling dispersion in three-dimensional heterogeneous fractured media at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersion; stochastic continuum model; fractured rock ID FLOW; MACRODISPERSION; TRANSPORT; SCALE; ROCKS AB Highly resolved numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the longitudinal and transverse dispersivities proposed for use in the larger-scale Yucca Mountain saturated zone (SZ) site-scale model. Two different stochastic continuum models (SCM) that define the spatial variability of permeability are inferred from the observed fracture characteristics and the measured permeabilities. These models are created with a combination of indicator geostatistics and boolean simulation that allow for modeling different correlation lengths and anisotropy ratios at different permeability thresholds as well as the inclusion of large, high-permeability features. Longitudinal and transverse (horizontal and vertical) dispersion through the permeability realizations is evaluated for both distributed and focused source geometries using groundwater flow and streamline particle tracking. These numerical results are compared to behavior predicted by an analytical solution and to dispersivities estimated by an expert panel. Early time transport results are significantly non-Gaussian due to the strong heterogeneity of the fractured medium. At late times, travel distances of 23 correlation lengths, the longitudinal and transverse horizontal dispersivity results are well approximated by the analytical solution and the expert elicitation estimates. The calculated transverse vertical dispersivity values are smaller than those estimated from the analytical solution. Inclusion of high-permeability features of the same size as the model domain with a distributed planar source creates extreme values of the longitudinal and transverse horizontal dispersivity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Duke Engn & Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP McKenna, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM samcken@sandia.gov; ddwalker@uiuc.edu; bwarnol@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 577 EP 594 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00189-4 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300031 PM 12714311 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Tsang, YW AF Mukhopadhyay, S Tsang, YW TI Uncertainties in coupled thermal-hydrological processes associated with the Drift Scale Test at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal; hydrological; Drift Scale Test; uncertainty; coupled processes; fractured rock; radioactive waste; Yucca Mountain; Nevada AB Understanding thermally driven coupled hydrological, mechanical, and chemical processes in unsaturated fractured tuff is essential for evaluating the performance of the potential radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The Drift Scale Test (DST), intended for acquiring such an understanding of these processes, has generated a huge volume of temperature and moisture redistribution data. Sophisticated thermal-hydrological (TH) conceptual models have yielded a good fit between simulation results and those measured data. However, some uncertainties in understanding the TH processes associated with the DST still exist. This paper evaluates these uncertainties and provides quantitative estimates of the range of these uncertainties. Of particular interest for the DST are the uncertainties resulting from the unmonitored loss of vapor through an open bulkhead of the test. There was concern that the outcome from the test might have been significantly altered by these losses. Using alternative conceptual models, we illustrate that predicted mean temperatures from the DST are within I degreesC of the measured mean temperatures through the first 2 years of heating. The simulated spatial and temporal evolution of drying and condensation fronts is found to be qualitatively consistent with measured saturation data. Energy and mass balance computation shows that no more than 13% of the input energy is lost because of vapor leaving the test domain through the bulkhead. The change in average saturation in fractures is also relatively small. For a hypothetical situation in which no vapor is allowed to exit through the bulkhead, the simulated average fracture saturation is not qualitatively different enough to be discerned by measured moisture redistribution data. This leads us to conclude that the DST, despite the uncertainties associated with open field testing, has provided an excellent understanding of the TH processes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 595 EP 612 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00186-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300032 PM 12714312 ER PT J AU Reimus, PW Haga, MJ Adams, AI Callahan, TJ Turin, HJ Counce, DA AF Reimus, PW Haga, MJ Adams, AI Callahan, TJ Turin, HJ Counce, DA TI Testing and parameterizing a conceptual solute transport model in saturated fractured tuff using sorbing and nonsorbing tracers in cross-hole tracer tests SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tracers; sorbing tracer(s); matrix diffusion; ion exchange; multi-species; RELAP ID CONVERGENT RADIAL DISPERSION; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; MASS-TRANSFER; MEDIA; GROUNDWATER; DIFFUSION; MATRIX; ROCK; AQUIFER AB Two cross-hole tracer tests involving the simultaneous injection of two nonsorbing solute tracers with different diffusion coefficients (bromide and pentafluorobenzoate) and one weakly sorbing solute tracer (lithium ion) were conducted in two different intervals at the C-wells complex near the site of a potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, NV The tests were conducted to (1) test a conceptual radionuclide transport model for saturated, fractured tuffs near Yucca Mountain and (2) obtain transport parameter estimates for predictive modeling of radionuclide transport. The differences between the responses of the two nonsorbing tracers and the sorbing tracer (when normalized to injection masses) were consistent with a dual-porosity transport system in which matrix diffusion was occurring. The concentration attenuation of the sorbing tracer relative to the nonsorbing tracers suggested that diffusion occurred primarily into matrix pores, not simply into stagnant water within the fractures. The K-d values deduced from the lithium responses were generally larger than K-d values measured in laboratory batch sorption tests using crushed C-wells cores. This result supports the use of laboratory-derived K-d values for predicting sorbing species transport at the site, as the laboratory K-d values would result in underprediction of sorption and hence conservative transport predictions. The tracer tests also provided estimates of effective flow porosity and longitudinal dispersivity at the site. The tests clearly demonstrated the advantages of using multiple tracers of different physical and chemical characteristics to distinguish between alternative conceptual transport models and to obtain transport parameter estimates that are better constrained than can be obtained using only a single tracer or using multiple nonsorbing tracers without a sorbing tracer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Waste Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reimus, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Waste Technol Div, POB 1663,MS J534, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 613 EP 636 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00185-7 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300033 PM 12714313 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF AF Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF TI Analysis of thermal-hydrologic-mechanical behavior near an emplacement drift at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stress; permeability; thermal; hydrologic; mechanical; repository ID FLUID-FLOW; ROCK AB A coupled thermal, hydrologic and mechanical (THM) analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of coupled THM processes on the performance of a potential nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The analysis considers changes in rock mass porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure caused by rock deformations during drift excavation, as well as those caused by thermomechanically induced rock deformations after emplacement of the heat-generating waste. The analysis consists of a detailed calibration of coupled hydraulic-mechanical rock mass properties against field experiments, followed by a prediction of the coupled thermal, hydrologic, and mechanical behavior around a potential repository drift. For the particular problem studied and parameters used, the analysis indicates that the stress-induced permeability changes will be within one order of magnitude and that these permeability changes do not significantly impact the overall flow pattern around the repository drift. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 637 EP 652 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00184-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300034 PM 12714314 ER PT J AU Spycher, NF Sonnenthal, EL Apps, JA AF Spycher, NF Sonnenthal, EL Apps, JA TI Fluid flow and reactive transport around potential nuclear waste emplacement tunnels at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE numerical modeling; reactive transport; mineral alteration; water chemistry; nuclear waste ID SATURATED FRACTURED ROCKS; DRIVEN HYDROTHERMAL FLOW; UNSATURATED-ZONE; GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT; REPOSITORY; MODEL AB The evolution of fluid chemistry and mineral alteration around a potential waste emplacement tunnel (drift) is evaluated using numerical modeling. The model considers the flow of water, gas, and heat, plus reactions between minerals, CO2 gas, and aqueous species, and porosity-permeability-capillary pressure coupling for a dual permeability (fractures and matrix) medium. Two possible operating temperature modes are investigated: a "high-temperature" case with temperatures exceeding the boiling point of water for several hundred years, and a "'low-temperature" case with temperatures remaining below boiling for the entire life of the repository. In both cases, possible seepage waters are characterized by dilute to moderate salinities and mildly alkaline pH values. These trends in fluid composition and mineral alteration are controlled by various coupled mechanisms. For example, upon heating and boiling, CO2 exsolution from pore waters raises pH and causes calcite precipitation. In condensation zones, this CO2 redissolves, resulting in a decrease in pH that causes calcite dissolution and enhances feldspar alteration to clays. Heat also enhances dissolution of wall rock minerals leading to elevated silica concentrations. Amorphous silica precipitates through evaporative concentration caused by boiling in the high-temperature case, but does not precipitate in the low-temperature case. Some alteration of feldspars to clays and zeolites is predicted in the high-temperature case. In both cases, calcite precipitates when percolating waters are heated near the drift. The predicted porosity decrease around drifts in the high-temperature case (several percent of the fracture volume) is larger by at least one order of magnitude than in the low temperature case. Although there are important differences between the two investigated temperature modes in the predicted evolution of fluid compositions and mineral alteration around drifts, these differences are largely within to the model uncertainty and the variability of water compositions at Yucca Mountain. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spycher, NF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009; Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010 NR 32 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 653 EP 673 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00183-3 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300035 PM 12714315 ER PT J AU Sullivan, EJ Reimus, PW Counce, DA AF Sullivan, EJ Reimus, PW Counce, DA TI Transport of a reactive tracer in saturated alluvium described using a three-component cation-exchange model SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-hole tracer test; lithium; column; batch; MULTRAN; EQUIL ID MULTICOMPONENT TRANSPORT; SOLUTES; GROUNDWATER; SIMULATION AB A weakly sorbing cation, lithium, will be used as a reactive tracer in upcoming field tracer tests in the saturated alluvium south of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. One objective of the field tests is to determine how well field-scale reactive transport can be predicted using transport parameters derived from laboratory experiments. This paper describes several laboratory lithium batch sorption and column transport experiments that were conducted using ground water and alluvium obtained from the site of the planned field tests. In the batch experiments, isotherms were determined over 2.5 orders of magnitude of lithium concentrations, corresponding to the range expected in the field tests. In addition to measuring equilibrium lithium concentrations, concentrations of other cations, namely Na+, K+, and Ca2+ were measured in the batch tests to determine Li+ -exchangeable equilibria. This information was used in conjunction with alluvium cation exchange capacity measurements to parameterize a three-component cation-exchange model (EQUIL) that describes lithium sorption in the alluvium system. This model was then applied to interpret the transport behavior of lithium ion in saturated alluvium column tests conducted at three different lithium bromide injection concentrations. The concentrations were selected such that lithium ion either dominated, accounted for a little over half, or accounted for only a small fraction of the total cation equivalents in the injection solution. Although tracer breakthrough curves differed significantly under each of these conditions, with highly asymmetric responses occurring at the highest injection concentrations, the three-component cation-exchange model reproduced the observed transport behavior of lithium and the other cations in each case with a similar set of model parameters. In contrast, a linear K-d-type sorption model could only match the lithium responses at the lowest injection concentration. The three-component model will be used to interpret the field tests, with the expectation that it will help refine estimates of effective flow porosity, particularly if the lithium response curves are asymmetric. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reimus, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J534, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 675 EP 694 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00182-1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300036 PM 12714316 ER PT J AU Sun, YW Buscheck, TA AF Sun, YW Buscheck, TA TI Analytical solutions for reactive transport of N-member radionuclide chains in a single fracture SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical solution; multi-species; radionuclide; reactive transport; fracture; decay ID 2-MEMBER DECAY CHAIN; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; FRONT AB Several numerical codes have been used to simulate radionuclide transport in fractured rock systems. The validation of such numerical codes can be accomplished by comparison of numerical simulations against appropriate analytical solutions. In this paper, we present analytical solutions for the reactive transport of N-member radionuclide chains (i.e., multiple species of radionuclides and their daughter species) through a discrete fracture in a porous rock matrix applying a system decomposition approach. We consider the transport of N-member radionuclide chains in a single-fracture-matrix system as a starting point to simulate more realistic and complex systems. The processes considered are advection. along the fracture, lateral diffusion in the matrix, radioactive decay of multiple radionuclides, and adsorption in both the fracture and matrix. Different retardation factors can be specified for the fracture and matrix. However, all species are assumed to share the same retardation factors for the fracture and matrix, respectively. Although a daughter species may penetrate farther along the fracture than its parent species when a constant-concentration boundary condition is applied, our results indicate that all species retain the same transport speed in the fracture if a pulse of the first species is released into the fracture. This solution scheme provides a way to validate numerical computer codes of radionuclide transport in fractured rock, such as those being used to assess the performance of a potential nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sun, YW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-646, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 695 EP 712 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00181-X PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300037 PM 12714317 ER PT J AU Webb, SW Francis, ND Dunn, SD Itamura, MT James, DL AF Webb, SW Francis, ND Dunn, SD Itamura, MT James, DL TI Thermally induced natural convection effects in Yucca Mountain drifts SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yucca Mountain Project (YMP); natural convection; computational fluid dynamics; heat and mass transfer ID LAMINAR MIXED CONVECTION; FILLED SQUARE CAVITY; POROUS-MEDIA; TURBULENCE MODEL; HEAT-TRANSFER; ANNULUS; FLOW; FLUID AB Thermally induced natural convection from the heat produced by emplaced waste packages is an important heat and mass transfer mechanism within the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) drifts. Various models for analyzing natural convection have been employed. The equivalent porous medium approach using Darcy's law has been used in many YMP applications. However, this approach has questionable fidelity, especially for turbulent flow conditions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which is based on the fundamental Navier-Stokes equations, is currently being evaluated as a technique to calculate thermally induced natural convection in YMP. Data-model comparisons for turbulent flow conditions show good agreement of CFD predictions with existing experiments including YMP-specific data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sci & Engn Associates Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Webb, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 713 EP 730 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00180-8 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300038 PM 12714318 ER PT J AU Zyvoloski, G Kwicklis, E Eddebbarh, AA Arnold, B Faunt, C Robinson, BA AF Zyvoloski, G Kwicklis, E Eddebbarh, AA Arnold, B Faunt, C Robinson, BA TI The site-scale saturated zone flow model for Yucca Mountain: calibration of different conceptual models and their impact on flow paths SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yucca Mountain; saturated zone hydrology; numerical modeling; parameter estimation AB This paper presents several different conceptual models of the Large Hydraulic Gradient (LHG) region north of Yucca Mountain and describes the impact of those models on groundwater flow near the potential high-level repository site. The results are based on a numerical model of site-scale saturated zone beneath Yucca Mountain. This model is used for performance assessment predictions of radionuclide transport and to guide future data collection and modeling activities. The numerical model is calibrated by matching available water level measurements using parameter estimation techniques, along with more informal comparisons of the model to hydrologic and geochemical information. The model software (hydrologic simulation code FEHM and parameter estimation software PEST) and model setup allows for efficient calibration of multiple conceptual models. Until now, the Large Hydraulic Gradient has been simulated using a low-permeability, east-west oriented feature, even though direct evidence for this feature is lacking. In addition to this model, we investigate and calibrate three additional conceptual models of the Large Hydraulic Gradient, all of which are based on a presumed zone of hydrothermal chemical alteration north of Yucca Mountain. After examining the heads and permeabilities obtained from the calibrated models, we present particle pathways from the potential repository that record differences in the predicted groundwater flow regime. The results show that Large Hydraulic Gradient can be represented with the alternate conceptual models that include the hydrothermally altered zone. The predicted pathways are mildly sensitive to the choice of the conceptual model and more sensitive to the quality of calibration in the vicinity on the repository. These differences are most likely due to different degrees of fit of model to data, and do not represent important differences in hydrologic conditions for the different conceptual models. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. RP Zyvoloski, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 62-3 SI SI BP 731 EP 750 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00190-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 677DH UT WOS:000182791300039 PM 12714319 ER PT J AU Ptak, AJ Johnston, SW Kurtz, S Friedman, DJ Metzger, WK AF Ptak, AJ Johnston, SW Kurtz, S Friedman, DJ Metzger, WK TI A comparison of MBE- and MOCVD-grown GaInNAs SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-XII) CY SEP 15-20, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA DE impurities; point defects; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; IMPROVED LUMINESCENCE EFFICIENCY; SOLAR-CELLS; ORIGIN; SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN; DEFECTS; DIODES; GAAS AB We have been able to discount three point defects as the factor limiting GaInNAs material quality by comparing samples grown by two different growth techniques. Samples with vastly different concentrations of hydrogen and carbon have very similar properties in terms of deep levels, mobilities, and minority-carrier lifetimes. In addition, growth of hydrogen-free samples and corresponding measurements of vacancies provide strong evidence that gallium vacancies have an effect, but are not a limiting defect. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nat Ctr Photovoltaics, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ptak, AJ (reprint author), Nat Ctr Photovoltaics, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3212, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aaron_ptak@nrel.gov RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 16 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2003 VL 251 IS 1-4 BP 392 EP 398 AR PII S0022-0248(02)02201-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)02201-7 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 666LY UT WOS:000182179800072 ER PT J AU Gambin, V Lordi, V Ha, W Wistey, M Takizawa, T Uno, K Friedrich, S Harris, J AF Gambin, V Lordi, V Ha, W Wistey, M Takizawa, T Uno, K Friedrich, S Harris, J TI Structural changes on annealing of MBE grown (Ga, In) (N, As) as measured by X-ray absorption fine structure SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-XII) CY SEP 15-20, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE crystal structure; X-ray absorption fine structure; molecular beam epitaxy; semiconducting III-V materials ID GAINASN AB GaInNAs grown on GaAs has recently been found to optically emit at wavelengths longer than previously possible with material grown epitaxially on GaAs substrates. To improve radiative efficiency, material is annealed after growth, after which the band gap is found to significantly blueshift. Structural changes that occur during this annealing process were studied using fluorescent X-ray absorption fine structure. By comparing the absorption data with lattice parameter and band structure simulations, it was found that the number of In atoms surrounding N atoms increased after the high-temperature annealing. According to ab initio simulations this ordering will increase the band gap of the GaInNAs alloy. We believe the reduction of free energy drives the reordering process towards increasing In-N coordination. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan. Wakayama Univ, Wakayama, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Solid State & Photon Lab, CIS-X 328, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OI Lordi, Vincenzo/0000-0003-2415-4656 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2003 VL 251 IS 1-4 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)02194-2 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 666LY UT WOS:000182179800075 ER PT J AU Lopez, EP Vianco, PT Rejent, JA AF Lopez, EP Vianco, PT Rejent, JA TI Solderability testing of 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder on oxygen-free high-conductivity copper and Au-Ni-plated Kovar SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SnAgCu solder; OFCH copper; Au-Ni-plated Kovar AB The solderability of 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder on oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper and Au-Ni-plated Kovar was examined as a function of flux and process temperature. The three solder fluxes included a rosin-based (R) material, a rosin mildly activated (RMA) flux, and a low-solids (LS) flux. The solderability metric was the contact angle, theta(C), measured by a meniscometer and wetting-balance techniques. The wetting rate and time to maximum force parameters were also documented. In most cases, the contact angles for the 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder alloy, regardless of the type of flux or temperature, were higher then those for the 63Sn-37Pb eutectic-solder alloy, indicating a less "solderable" surface. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lopez, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0218-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 664LV UT WOS:000182063300009 ER PT J AU Poola, RB Sekar, R AF Poola, RB Sekar, R TI Reduction of NOx and particulate emissions by using oxygen-enriched combustion air in a locomotive diesel engine SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses operational and emissions results obtained with a locomotive (two-cylinder, EMD 567B) research diesel engine when oxygen-enriched combustion air is used. An operating regime was identified in which particulates and NOx could be reduced simultaneously when the concentration of intake air oxygen, fueling rate, and injection timing were optimized. Using oxygen from an external source, particulates were reduced by approximately 60% and NOx emissions were reduced by 15-20% with the optimal operating strategy. Higher gross power, lower peak cylinder pressures, and lower brake-specific fuel consumption were also observed. Gross power was increased by about 15-20% at base peak combustion pressure, and gross brake-specific fuel consumption was decreased by 2-10% with load. The effect of achieving oxygen enrichment by means of an air separation membrane is beyond the scope of the current study. C1 Gen Motors Corp, Electro Mot Div, La Grange, IL 60525 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Poola, RB (reprint author), Gen Motors Corp, Electro Mot Div, La Grange, IL 60525 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 524 EP 533 DI 10.1115/1.1563236 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 679CP UT WOS:000182886000017 ER PT J AU Prantil, VC Callabresi, ML Lathrop, JF Ramaswamy, GS Lusk, MT AF Prantil, VC Callabresi, ML Lathrop, JF Ramaswamy, GS Lusk, MT TI Simulating distortion and residual stresses in carburized thin strips SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID IDEAL-PLASTIC PHASES; TRANSFORMATION PLASTICITY; NUMERICAL APPROACH; STEELS; BEHAVIOR; WELDS AB This paper illustrates the application of a new multiphase material model for simulating distortion and residual stresses in carburized and quenched gear steels. Simulation is focused on thin, metallic strips that are heat treated to introduce a through-thickness carbon gradient. Because the material properties are strongly dependent on the carbon content, quenching causes significant transverse out-of-plane distortion. The material model accounts for a multiphase alloy structure where inelasticity in the individual phases is temperature and rate dependent. The model is fit to an extensive matrix of experimental data for low carbon steels (0.2-0.8 percent) whose transformation kinetics and mechanical response are similar to 4023 and 4620 alloys used in experiments. While residual stress data are limited, reasonable agreement with X-ray diffraction measurements was obtained. Comparisons of transverse deflections predicted numerically showed excellent agreement with those measured experimentally for all five thicknesses reported. Accurate transformation and lattice carburization strains are critical to correctly predict the sense and magnitude of these transverse distortions and in-plane residual stresses. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. GE Co, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Prantil, VC (reprint author), Milwaukee Sch Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1115/1.1543973 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 669XM UT WOS:000182376100005 ER PT J AU Nguyen, BN Johnson, KI Khaleel, MA AF Nguyen, BN Johnson, KI Khaleel, MA TI Analysis of tube free hydroforming using an inverse approach with FLD-based adjustment of process parameters SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID METAL FORMING PARTS; SHEET; DESIGN AB This paper describes an inverse approach (IA) formulation for the analysis of tubes under free hydroforming conditions. The IA formulation is derived from that of Guo et al. established for flat sheet hydroforming analysis using constant strain triangular membrane elements. First, an incremental analysis of free hydroforming for a hot-dip galvanized (HG/Z140) DP600 tube is performed using the Marc finite element code. The deformed geometry obtained at the last converged increment is then used as the final configuration in the inverse analysis. This comparative study allows an assessment of the predictive capability of the inverse analysis. The results are compared with the experimental values determined by Asnafi and Skogsgardh. After that, a procedure based on a forming limit diagram (FLD) is described as a means to adjust the process parameters such as the axial feed and internal pressure. Finally, the adjustment process is illustrated through a reanalysis of the same tube using the inverse approach. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Mech & Mat Behav Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nguyen, BN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Mech & Mat Behav Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1115/1.1555651 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 669XM UT WOS:000182376100007 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG AF Davoudiasl, H Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG TI Phenomenology on a slice of AdS(5) x M-delta spacetime SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extra large dimensions; models of quantum gravity; beyond standard model ID KALUZA-KLEIN EXCITATIONS; RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; MASS SCALES; GRAVITY; UNIFICATION; HIERARCHY; NEUTRINOS; MIXINGS; BRANES AB We study the phenomenology resulting from backgrounds of the form AdS(5) x M-delta, where M-delta denotes a generic manifold of dimension delta greater than or equal to 1, and AdS(5) is the slice of 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter space which generates the hierarchy in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model. The delta additional dimensions may be required when the RS model is embedded into a more fundamental theory. We analyze two classes of delta-dimensional manifolds: flat and curved geometries. In the first case, the additional flat dimensions may accommodate localized fermions which in turn could resolve issues, such as proton decay and flavor, that were not addressed in the original RS proposal. In the latter case, the positive curvature of an S-delta manifold with delta > 1 can geometrically provide the 5-dimensional warping of the RS model. We demonstrate the key features of these two classes of models by presenting the background solutions, the spectra of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons, and their 4-dimensional couplings, for the sample manifolds S-1/Z(2), S-1, and S-2. The resulting phenomenology is distinct from that of the original RS scenario due to the appearance of a multitude of new KK graviton states at the weak scale with couplings that are predicted to be measurably non-universal within the KK tower. In addition, in the case of flat compactifications, fermion localization can result in KK graviton and gauge field flavor changing interactions. C1 Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hooman@ias.edu; hewett@slac.stanford.edu; rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2003 IS 4 AR 001 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 690BE UT WOS:000183526800001 ER PT J AU Waichler, SR Wigmosta, MS AF Waichler, SR Wigmosta, MS TI Development of hourly meteorological values from daily data and significance to hydrological modeling at H.J. Andrews experimental forest SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; TEMPERATURE AB Hydrologic modeling depends on having quality meteorological input available at the simulation time step. Often two needs arise: disaggregation from daily to subdaily and extend an available subdaily record. Simple techniques were tested for generating hourly air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed from limited daily data at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Skill of the daily to hourly methods ranged from poor to very good. The best method for each variable had mean error <4% and first-degree efficiency >0.5, with the exception of wind speed, which had a bias problem related to change in measurement height. Significance of the disaggregation assumptions for simulated hydrology was evaluated by driving the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) with alternative meteorological inputs. The largest differences in streamflow simulation efficiency were related to differences in precipitation phase, which followed from the air temperature method used. The largest differences in annual water balance were related to the humidity model used; the common fallback assumption that daily dewpoint temperature equals minimum air temperature led to sharply higher evapotranspiration. Hourly streamflow and annual water balance were less sensitive to the method of distributing precipitation throughout the day and parameterization of solar radiation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Waichler, SR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K9-36,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)4<251:DOHMVF>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668EF UT WOS:000182276800007 ER PT J AU Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS Reischl, I Blinov, ML Metzger, H Redondo, A Wofsy, C Goldstein, B AF Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS Reischl, I Blinov, ML Metzger, H Redondo, A Wofsy, C Goldstein, B TI Investigation of early events in FC epsilon RI-mediated signaling using a detailed mathematical model SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; AFFINITY IGE RECEPTOR; BASOPHILIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION LOOP TYROSINES; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; SH2 DOMAINS; LYN KINASE; HIGH SPECIFICITY; SYK ACTIVATION AB Aggregation of FcepsilonRI on mast cells and basophils leads to autophosphorylation and increased activity of the cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase Syk. We investigated the roles of the Src kinase Lyn, the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) on the beta and gamma subunits of FcepsilonRI, and Syk itself in the activation of Syk. Our approach was to build a detailed mathematical model of reactions involving FcepsilonRI, Lyn, Syk, and a bivalent ligand that aggregates FcepsilonRI. We applied the model to experiments in which covalently cross-linked IgE dimers stimulate rat basophilic leukemia cells. The model makes it possible to test the consistency of mechanistic assumptions with data that alone provide limited mechanistic insight. For example, the model helps sort out mechanisms that jointly control dephosphorylation of receptor subunits. In addition, interpreted in the context of the model, experimentally observed differences between the beta- and gamma-chains with respect to levels of phosphorylation and rates of dephosphorylation indicate that most cellular Syk, but only a small fraction of Lyn, is available to interact with receptors. We also show that although the beta ITAM acts to amplify signaling in experimental systems where its role has been investigated, there are conditions under which the beta ITAM will act as an inhibitor. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Chem & Mol Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIAMSD, Arthrit & Rheumatism Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Goldstein, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bxg@lanl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM35556] NR 77 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 170 IS 7 BP 3769 EP 3781 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 659AL UT WOS:000181754100040 PM 12646643 ER PT J AU Feddema, JT Robinett, RD Driessen, BJ AF Feddema, JT Robinett, RD Driessen, BJ TI Designing stable finite state machine behaviors using phase plane analysis and variable structure control SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE autonomous robots; decentralized variable structure control; distributed robots; finite state machine; sliding mode control ID NONHOLONOMIC MOBILE ROBOTS; ARCHITECTURE; COOPERATION; ENVIRONMENT; NAVIGATION AB This paper discusses how phase plane analysis can be used to describe the overall behavior of single and multiple autonomous robotic vehicles with finite state machine rules. The importance of this result is that we can begin to design provably stable group behaviors from a set of simple control laws and appropriate switching points with decentralized variable structure control. The ability to prove stable group behavior is especially important for applications such as locating military targets or land mines. In this paper, we demonstrate how phase plane analysis has been used to explain the behavior of a 16 cm(3) autonomous line-tracking robot with four finite states. After which, the analysis is extended to include the design of a decentralized variable structure controller that guides multiple vehicles to a goal while avoiding each other. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1003, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jtfedde@sandia.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 EI 1573-0409 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD APR PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 349 EP 370 DI 10.1023/A:1023629602204 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 673YA UT WOS:000182607500001 ER PT J AU Beyea, SD Altobelli, SA Mondy, LA AF Beyea, SD Altobelli, SA Mondy, LA TI Chemically selective NMR imaging of a 3-component (solid-solid-liquid) sedimenting system SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE sedimentation; multi-phase; MRI; SPRITE ID T-1 ENHANCEMENT SPRITE; SUSPENSIONS; SPHERES AB A novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique which resolves the separate components of the evolving vertical concentration profiles of 3-component non-colloidal suspensions is described. This method exploits the sensitivity of MRI to chemical differences between the three phases to directly image the fluid phase and one of the solid phases, with the third phase obtained by subtraction. F-19 spin-echo imaging of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) oil was interlaced with H-1 SPRITE imaging of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) particles. The third phase was comprised of borosilicate glass spheres, which were not visible while imaging the PTFE or LDPE phases. The method is demonstrated by performing measurements on 2-phase materials containing only the floating (LDPE) particles, with the results contrasted to the experimental behaviour of the individual phases in the full 3-phase system. All experiments were performed using nearly monodisperse particles, with initial suspension volume fractions, phi(i), of 0.1. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Altobelli, SA (reprint author), New Mexico Resonance, 2301 Yale Blvd SE,Suite C-1, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD APR PY 2003 VL 161 IS 2 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S1090-7807(02)00172-6 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 705RY UT WOS:000184409600010 PM 12713970 ER PT J AU Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Strand, JD Canfield, PC AF Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Strand, JD Canfield, PC TI Anisotropic properties of rare earth silver dibismites SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; magnetic anisotropy; rare earth silver dibismites ID R = Y; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LA-ND; PRESSURE; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; CEAGSB2; GROWTH; SM AB We report measurements of structural, magnetic, thermal and transport properties of the newly synthesized rare earth silver dibismite series RAgBi2 (R = La-Nd, Sm, Gd), grown via self-flux method. All of the compounds are metals, and those with magnetic ions exhibit long-range magnetic order at low temperatures, with the exception of PrAgBi2. For the lightest rare earths the samples are of extremely high quality. For LaAgBi2 de Haas van Alphen oscillations are found in remarkably small fields and high temperatures. The magnetic ground states for compounds that order magnetically appear to be antiferromagnetic, but with less local moment anisotropy than that seen in RBi2. Anisotropic metamagnetism is observed for CeAgBi2; however, no large magnetoresistance was observed in any of RAgBi2, as opposed to either the RAgSb2 or RSb2 series. Magnetic ordering temperatures scale poorly with de Gennes scaling. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Petrovic, C (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2003 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 210 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)01476-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 663LK UT WOS:000182006900026 ER PT J AU Withrow, SP White, CW Budai, JD Boatner, LA Sorge, KD Thompson, JR Kalyanaraman, R AF Withrow, SP White, CW Budai, JD Boatner, LA Sorge, KD Thompson, JR Kalyanaraman, R TI Ion beam synthesis of magnetic Co-Pt alloys in Al2O3 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ion implantation synthesis; Co-Pt alloys; CoPt; CO3Pt; COPt3; nanocrystalline magnetic materials ID FERROMAGNETIC FEPT NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; HIGH-COERCIVITY; IMPLANTATION; ANISOTROPY; CO3PT; SURFACE; COBALT AB Ion implantation followed by thermal processing has been used to synthesize nanoparticles of cobalt-platinum (Co-Pt) alloys in single-crystal Al2O3, Several phases, including CoPt in the L1(0) structure, Co3Pt, and CoPt3 that has the L1(2) structure, are selectively formed by varying the atomic ratio of implanted Co and Pt. These alloys are crystallographically oriented with respect to the host Al2O3 matrix, exhibiting multiple distinct orientations. Rutherford backscattering and X-ray diffraction have been used to study the influence of the processing conditions, including temperature and dose, on the formation of the alloys. The degree of chemical ordering in the L1(0) and L1(2) phases is not high and it is not improved significantly with long annealing times. Magnetization studies have been conducted using a SQUID magnetometer. Coercivities as high as 14.2 kOe (9.7 kOe) at 5 K with the field normal (parallel) to the surface have been measured, and they remain significant at room temperature and above. The coercivity is a function of the Pt fraction in the alloy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MI USA. RP Withrow, SP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 260 IS 3 BP 319 EP 329 AR PII S0304-8853(02)01322-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)01322-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 662LR UT WOS:000181948700001 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Chapon, LC Bordallo, HN Feyerherm, R Argyriou, DN Loose, A AF Manson, JL Chapon, LC Bordallo, HN Feyerherm, R Argyriou, DN Loose, A TI Spin ordering in the mixed-ligand antiferromagnet Mn(dca)(2)(pyrazine) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE molecular magnetism; antiferromagnetism; neutron diffraction; inelastic neutron scattering; coordination polymers ID MAGNETIZATION; MN(2); DICYANAMIDE; MAGNETS; FIELD AB The flexibility offered by molecular-based systems allows us to introduce or replace specific ligands in a material with the aim of radically altering desired structural and magnetic properties. Specifically, Mn(dca)(2)(pyz) {dca = dicyanamide, [N(CN)(2)](-); pyz = pyrazine} has a unique interpenetrating ReO3-like lattice. The Mn2+ cations are highspin (S = (5)/(2)) and the material orders antiferromagnetically below T-N = 2.53(2) K. Using neutron powder diffraction we observed a collinear spin structure oriented along the short ac-diagonal of the monoclinic unit cell. Inelastic neutron scattering results show a magnetic excitation at 0.23 meV. The strong dispersion character of this excitation demonstrates that it is related to a low-energy spin wave. Upon warming, the magnon gradually softens and disappears at TN, while critical scattering becomes evident by a broad quasielastic response above T-N. The energy of the magnon is consistent with the exchange parameter, J, derived from magnetic susceptibility measurements. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Berlin Neutron Scattering Ctr, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Bldg 7964-I,MS-6430,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Feyerherm, Ralf/F-5487-2013; Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012 OI Feyerherm, Ralf/0000-0003-3034-4210; Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 260 IS 3 BP 462 EP 466 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)01390-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 662LR UT WOS:000181948700021 ER PT J AU Robino, CV DuPont, JN Mizia, RE Michael, JR Williams, DB Shaber, E AF Robino, CV DuPont, JN Mizia, RE Michael, JR Williams, DB Shaber, E TI Development of Gd-enriched alloys for spent nuclear fuel applications - Part 1: Preliminary characterization of small scale Gd-enriched stainless steels SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE gadolinium; neutron absorbing material; nuclear criticality safety; solidification; stainless steel ID WELDS AB The influence of Gd additions on the microstructure and hardness of type 316L stainless steel was investigated by various microstructural characterization techniques. This work was conducted as a first step toward the development of Gd-enriched alloys for spent nuclear fuel applications. Small (similar to10 g) gas tungsten arc melt buttons were prepared to produce 316L stainless steel with Gd levels from 0.1-10 wt.% Gd. Electron microprobe measurements showed that Gd is essentially insoluble in the austenite/ferrite matrix. All of the alloys formed an interdendritic (Fe, Ni, Cr)(3)Gd intermetallic, and the amount of the (Fe, Ni, Cr)(3)Gd phase increased with increasing Gd concentration. Depending on the P and O levels, various amounts of Gd phosphides and oxides were also observed. The relatively high Ni concentration (similar to28 wt.% Ni) and low Cr concentration (similar to3 wt.% Cr) of the (Fe, Ni, Cr)(3)Gd phase led to Ni depletion and Cr enrichment in the matrix which, in turn, affected the matrix stability. Alloys with 0.1-6 wt. % Gd exhibited a two-phase ferrite/austenite matrix. Alloys containing 8 and 10 wt. % Gd exhibited a fully ferritic matrix due to extensive Ni depletion/Cr enrichment and concomitant stabilization of ferrite. Hardness increased with increasing Gd concentration due to the formation of the (Fe, Ni, Cr)(3)Gd intermetallic and the change in matrix structure from austenite to ferrite. A mass balance procedure is presented that accounts for changes to the matrix composition with Gd concentration. This procedure can be used to determine the nominal alloy composition required to produce a 316L-type matrix composition for any Gd level. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Robino, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1361/105994903770343367 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 668ZL UT WOS:000182327400014 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, W Thomas, LE AF Wang, CM Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, W Thomas, LE TI Microstructural features of Al-implanted 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; INDUCED DAMAGE; IN-SITU; ION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The microstructural features of highly damaged 4H-SiC implanted with Al-2(2+) ions at 450 K were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Conventional TEM images reveal that the crystalline SiC domains are highly strained/distorted when the relative disorder on the Si sublattice ranges between about 0.4 and 0.8, as determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling geometry. As the relative disorder approaches 1.0, the high strain contrast appears to be relieved, and localized amorphized domains are observed. Plasmon-loss energy shows a red shift following the implantation, and the magnitude of the red shift increases with increasing relative disorder. Based on the red shift, the estimated volume expansion is approximately 8% for highly damaged crystalline SiC and approximately 16% for the amorphous state. Energy-loss near-edge-structure of both the C and Si K edge reveals the existence of Si-Si and C-C bonding in the Al-2(2+) implanted SiC. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Uppsala Univ, Div Ion Phys, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0107 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 664LW UT WOS:000182063400007 ER PT J AU Nayak, S Riester, L Meyer, HM Dahotre, NB AF Nayak, S Riester, L Meyer, HM Dahotre, NB TI Micromechanical properties of a laser-induced iron oxide-aluminum matrix composite coating SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE; HARDNESS; SILICON; ALLOY AB A laser-based technique was used to deposit Fe3O4 on A319Al producing an Fe3O4/Al reaction composite coating. Scanning Auger microscopy indicated a reaction between oxide particles-and aluminum-forming Fe-Al intermetallic compounds, Al2O3, and various intermediate) reaction products. Analysis of the coating region, fractured in vacuo, indicated substantial toughness of the material due to extremely refined microstructure with finely distributed oxide and intermetallic particles and strong interfacial bonding between particles and the matrix. Mechanical properties of the coating were evaluated by nanoindentation techniques employing both Berkovich and cube-corner indenters. Hardness and elastic modulus values were found to be uniform at 1.24 and 76 GPa, respectively. No radial cracking was observed for either the Berkovich or cube-comer indenters. These results indicate that the laser-induced rapidly solidified composite material is tough and fracture resistant. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Engn Ctr Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Nayak, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 833 EP 839 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0114 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 664LW UT WOS:000182063400014 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Goyal, A Rutter, N Paranthaman, M Thompson, JR Zhai, HY Christen, DK AF Aytug, T Goyal, A Rutter, N Paranthaman, M Thompson, JR Zhai, HY Christen, DK TI High critical current density YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) coatings on LaMnO(3)-buffered biaxially textured Cu tapes for coated conductor applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM EVAPORATION; OXIDE BUFFER-LAYER; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; LANIO3 MULTILAYERS; ALLOY TAPES; NI TAPES; FILMS; YBCO; FABRICATION; GROWTH AB High critical current density (high-J(c)) YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) films were obtained by pulsed laser ablation on biaxially textured Cu substrates. To achieve epitaxy of LaMnO(3) (LMO) on Cu, thin epitaxial Ni overlayers were deposited on Cu tapes. The structure comprises the layer sequence of YBCO/LMO/Ni/Cu. For 200-nm-thick YBCO, self-field J(c) values exceeding 1 X 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K were achieved. Characterization of these short prototype conductors revealed good structural and morphological properties. Magnetic analysis suggested that hysteretic loss due to the ferromagnetic Ni overlayer is minimal. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM aytugt@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 872 EP 877 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0120 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 664LW UT WOS:000182063400020 ER PT J AU Sambasivan, S Kim, I Barnett, S Zurbuchen, MA Ji, J Kang, BW Goyal, A Barnes, PN Oberly, CE AF Sambasivan, S Kim, I Barnett, S Zurbuchen, MA Ji, J Kang, BW Goyal, A Barnes, PN Oberly, CE TI New approach to depositing yttria-stabilized zirconia buffer layers for coated conductors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM EVAPORATION; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; BIAXIALLY TEXTURED NI; THIN-FILMS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; GROWTH; TAPES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; RABITS AB A new approach for the production of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) oxide buffer layers directly on metal rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) is described in this paper. This represents a significant advance over existing techniques and avoids the need for complicated steps to avoid substrate oxidation during direct deposition of oxides. Current densities of about I MA/cm(2) have been achieved for YBa2Cu3O7-delta layers on the YSZ buffer, with an intermediate CeO2 layer. The process consists of reactive sputtering of a YxZr1-xN film directly on the RABiTS, which adopts its biaxial texture. This nitride film is then converted to YSZ via a thermal oxidation step. The YSZ films retain the texture of the nitride film (and of the RABiTS) through local syntaxy. In many cases, YSZ films exhibit improved biaxial texture over that of the RABiTS substrate. Nitrides can be sputter deposited at much higher rates relative to oxides, making the approach industrially scalable and economical. C1 Appl Thin Films Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USAF, PRPG, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sambasivan, S (reprint author), Appl Thin Films Inc, 1801 Maple Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RI Zurbuchen, Mark/H-1664-2012 OI Zurbuchen, Mark/0000-0002-8947-6309 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 919 EP 928 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0126 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 664LW UT WOS:000182063400026 ER PT J AU Berenov, A Malde, N Bugoslavsky, Y Cohen, LF Foltyn, SJ Dowden, P Ramirez-Castellanos, J Gonzalez-Calbet, JM Vallet-Regi, M MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Berenov, A Malde, N Bugoslavsky, Y Cohen, LF Foltyn, SJ Dowden, P Ramirez-Castellanos, J Gonzalez-Calbet, JM Vallet-Regi, M MacManus-Driscoll, JL TI Microstructural characterization of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thick films grown at very high rates and high temperatures by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISORDER; OXYGEN AB Microstructural and magnetic characterization were undertaken on high-rate, high-temperature grown YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films. The films were of approximately I mum thickness and were grown by pulsed laser deposition on (100) SrTiO3 using a high-power industrial laser at growth temperatures between 750 degreesC and 870 degreesC and at growth rates of up to 4 mum/min. Two YBCO layers with different c-lattice parameters were observed in the films, the higher c value occurring near the substrate interface and arising from cation disorder and oxygen nonstoichiometry, and the lower one near the film surface arising from cation disorder alone. BaCuO2 precipitates were present near the surface of the films, indicative of partial melting during growth. The amount of BaCuO2 increased with growth temperature. Epitaxial Y2O3 also formed in increasing amounts suggestive of a different partial melting reaction in the films compared to bulk YBCO, where Y2BaCuO5 coexists with liquid. Around I MA/cm(2) values of high critical current density (J(c)) were observed in the films, and the in-field J(c) improved with growth temperature despite the fact that the superconducting transition width increased significantly. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr High Temp Superconduct, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Dept Quim Inorgan & Bioinorgan, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Berenov, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr High Temp Superconduct, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. RI Berenov, Andrey/A-3020-2011; Vallet-Regi, Maria/M-3378-2014; Gonzalez-Calbet, Jose/K-8047-2014 OI Vallet-Regi, Maria/0000-0002-6104-4889; Gonzalez-Calbet, Jose/0000-0002-6481-6506 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 956 EP 964 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0131 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 664LW UT WOS:000182063400031 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA Pike, GE AF Anderson, RA Pike, GE TI Current concentration at defects in ZnO varistor material SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MECHANISM AB We numerically simulated the current density distribution in electrically nonlinear varistor material containing geometrically simple inclusion defects. Nonconductive spheres and disks, which resemble inclusion shapes observed in chemically prepared varistor material, were investigated. Current densities near perfectly conductive spheres and rods were also computed to gain insight into observed electrical degradation phenomena. These defects were assumed to be much larger than the characteristic size of the zinc oxide (ZnO) grain structure, and our computational method treated the varistor material as electrically isotropic. Results showed strong, localized concentrations of current with either perfectly conductive or nonconductive inclusions, and a dependence on the density of the conductive defects. The small spatial extent of strong current intensification may help to explain the stepwise electrical degradation we have observed when a failing ZnO varistor is subjected to high-power electrical pulses. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 994 EP 1002 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0136 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 664LW UT WOS:000182063400036 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Kolobov, YR Grabovetskaya, GP Stolyarov, VV Girsova, NV Valiev, RZ AF Zhu, YT Kolobov, YR Grabovetskaya, GP Stolyarov, VV Girsova, NV Valiev, RZ TI Microstructures and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained Ti foil processed by equal-channel angular pressing and cold rolling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; PURE TITANIUM; NANOSTRUCTURED CU; TENSILE DUCTILITY; ALLOYS; NANOCOMPOSITES; CONSOLIDATION; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; IMPLANTS AB We processed coarse-grained Ti and equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) processed ultrafine-grained (UFG) Ti into 20-mum-thick Ti foils by cold rolling and intermediate annealing. The foils produced from rolling the UFG Ti exhibit a homogeneous nanostructure, while foils produced from rolling the coarse-grained Ti exhibit heterogeneous structures with a mixture of nanostructured regions and coarse-grained regions. The former foils also have higher strength and ductility and exhibit uniform deformation over a larger strain range at room temperature than the latter ones. This work demonstrated the advantage and viability of producing nanostructured Ti foil by rolling ECAP-processed UFG Ti stock. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Strength Phys & Mat Sci, Tomsk 634021, Russia. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1016 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0138 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 664LW UT WOS:000182063400038 ER PT J AU Wang, X Lee, BI Hu, MZ Payzant, EA Blom, DA AF Wang, X Lee, BI Hu, MZ Payzant, EA Blom, DA TI Synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 by solvent refluxing method SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL BARIUM-TITANATE; AQUEOUS SYNTHESIS LTAS; FINE POWDERS; LTDS METHOD; CRYSTALLITES; PARTICLES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Hu, MZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 7 BP 557 EP 559 DI 10.1023/A:1022907024179 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 660FA UT WOS:000181822100017 ER PT J AU Ramaiah, KS Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Yun, F Morkoc, H Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Sone, C Park, SS Lee, KY AF Ramaiah, KS Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Yun, F Morkoc, H Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Sone, C Park, SS Lee, KY TI Characterization of GaN and InxGa1-xN films grown by MOCVD and MBE on free-standing GaN templates and quantum well structures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HOMOEPITAXIAL GAN; DEPOSITION; POLARITY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LAYERS; SPECTROSCOPY; SAPPHIRE AB Structural and optical studies have been performed on GaN, InGaN layers, In0.08Ga0.92N/GaN heterostructures, In0.08Ga0.92N/In0.02Ga0.98N single and multiquantum wells grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and GaN by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaN templates by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL). The layers are found to be high quality with low defect density, on the order of 10(6) cm(-2), which are mainly related to the threading dislocations originating/ propagating from the hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) GaN template. The interface between the layers and substrate could not be detected by TEM and was therefore deemed to be of high quality. Convergent beam electron diffraction studies revealed that the polarity of the films is Ga-polarity, which is the same as that of the substrate. A dual structure with different compositions and having thicknesses of 10 and 25 nm was observed in InGaN layers grown on GaN in one of the heterostructure samples. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the XRD rocking curves of (0002) for heterostructures and quantum wells were found to be in the range of 15-28 arcmin for a slit width of 2 mm. PL studies on GaN layers grown by MBE and MOCVD on GaN templates are reasonably similar. The PL spectra from all the MBE and MOCVD epilayers and the substrate contain a plethora of sharp peaks related to excitonic transitions. With the presence of donor-bound exciton peaks and their associated two-electron satellites, the binding energies of two distinct shallow donors (28.8 and 32.6 meV), which are attributed to Si and O, respectively, were determined. PL measurements revealed that the FWHM of the main donor bound exciton peak increased from 0.6 to 2.9 meV but no change in peak position (3.472 eV) was observed in GaN when doping with Si (5 x 10(17) cm(-3)). However, the intensities of the yellow band and the shallow donor-acceptor pair band increased 10 times as compared to that in the undoped GaN samples. In the case of InGaN/GaN heterostructures, a similar trend was observed when compared to the doped samples. In the multiquantum well In0.08Ga0.92N/In0.02Ga0.98N heterostructures, the activation energy of the exciton emission, found to be 18 meV, was the lowest in the samples studied. The peak at 3.02 eV related to the InGaN was strongly pronounced in the In0.08Ga0.92N/In0.02Ga0.98N multiquantum well structure. In the In0.08Ga0.92N/In0.02Ga0.98N quantum well structures, the change in peak position with variation of temperature from 15 to 300 K in PL spectra is "S"-shaped. The cause for the "S" shape, i.e., a red-blue-red shift, is discussed. (C) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon, South Korea. RP Ramaiah, KS (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM srkodigala@mail1.vcu.edu RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1023/A:1022938114450 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 659DY UT WOS:000181763300008 ER PT J AU Olson, JD Mace, JL AF Olson, JD Mace, JL TI Wave function confinement via transfer matrix methods SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; PARAMETRIZATION; SYMMETRIES AB The exact transfer matrix approach used in studying sectionally constant potentials in one dimension is generalized to cylindrical and spherical geometries, where the potential depends only on radius. In each geometry two transfer matrices suffice to completely describe the wave function: one for handling a discontinuity in potential and one for handling a delta-function potential barrier. This method is then applied to the problem of confining a wave function in a cylindrical configuration using only a series of carefully placed delta function potential barriers. It is found that confinement can be made to increase nearly exponentially with the number of barriers if placed correctly, but that this arrangement has an exponentially sharp dependence on both barrier position and energy. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Mace, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX-2,MS-C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jdolson@physics.utexas.edu; jonathan@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1596 EP 1624 DI 10.1063/1.1554763 PG 29 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 658PH UT WOS:000181729000010 ER PT J AU Fadeev, AG Kelley, SS McMillan, JD Selinskaya, YA Khotimsky, VS Volkov, VV AF Fadeev, AG Kelley, SS McMillan, JD Selinskaya, YA Khotimsky, VS Volkov, VV TI Effect of yeast fermentation by-products on poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] pervaporative performance SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fermentation; pervaporation; fouling; poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FREE-VOLUME; MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLY(1-TRIMETHYLSILYL-1-PROPYNE); EXTRACTION; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS; RECOVERY; BUTANOL AB The pervaporation recovery of ethanol from yeast fen-nentation broth was investigated using poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)- I propyne]. The deterioration of membrane performance in the presence of fermentation broth was observed. The fouled membrane was characterized by gas permeation and density measurements, and sorption of pure components of the fermentation broth in PTMSP was studied to clarify the fouling mechanism. It was concluded that properties of the membrane deteriorate due to internal contamination of the PTMSP free volume with non-volatile by-products of the fermentation. The PTMSP film did not show appreciable deterioration of membrane properties in the pervaporation of aqueous solution of organic compounds with high volatility. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AV Topchiev Petrochem Synth Inst, Moscow 117912, Russia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Fadeev, AG (reprint author), Santa Fe Sci & Technol, 3216 Richards Lane, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. RI Volkov, Vladimir/J-3757-2013 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 214 IS 2 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00550-1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 663DY UT WOS:000181992000007 ER PT J AU Joachim, D Lin, LW AF Joachim, D Lin, LW TI Characterization of selective polysilicon deposition for MEMS resonator tuning SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE high-temperature thermal conductivity of polysilicon; Multi User MEMS Processes (MUMPs); postfabrication processing; residual stress; resonant frequency tuning; trimming AB Variations in micromachining processes cause submicron differences in the size of MEMS devices, which leads to frequency scatter in resonators. A new method of compensating for fabrication process variations is to add material to MEMS structures by the selective deposition of polysilicon. It is performed by electrically heating the MEMS in a 25 degreesC silane environment to activate the local decomposition of the gas. On a (1.0 x 1.5 x 100) mum(3), clamped-clamped, polysilicon beam, at a power dissipation of 2.38 mW (peak temperature of 699 degreesC), a new layer of polysilicon (up to 1 mum thick) was deposited in 10 min. The deposition rate was three times faster than conventional LPCVD rates for polysilicon. When selective polysilicon deposition (SPD) was applied to the frequency tuning of specially-designed, comb-drive resonators, a correlation was found between the change in resonant frequency and the length of the newly deposited material (the hotspot) on the resonator's suspension beams. A second correlation linked the length of the hotspot to the magnitude of the power fluctuation during the deposition trial. In one sample, at a power dissipation of 10.7 mW (peak temperature of 800 degreesC), the cross section of a suspension beam increased from 6 to 9.4 mum(2) in 15 min. The resonant frequency increased 1.96% from its initial value of 86.6 kHz. This change was in good agreement with the value of 2.2% predicted in a simulation. The mechanisms for changing resonant frequency by the SPD process include increasing mass and stiffness and altering residual stress. The effects of localized heating are presented. The experiments and simulations in this work yield guidelines for tuning resonators to a target frequency. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Joachim, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2003.809967 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 664HD UT WOS:000182054900009 ER PT J AU Milman, P Ollivier, H Yamaguchi, F Brune, M Raimond, JM Haroche, S AF Milman, P Ollivier, H Yamaguchi, F Brune, M Raimond, JM Haroche, S TI Simple quantum information algorithms in cavity QED SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quantum Information Conceptual Foundations Developments and Perspectives CY JUL 13-18, 2002 CL OVIEDO, SPAIN ID CLONING; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION; PHOTONS; ATOMS AB Cavity quantum electrodynamics has already proven to be a system capable of demonstrating basic tools in quantum information theory. By combining these tools, we show how simple quantum information protocols could be implemented. We will focus on the examples of the Grover search algorithm and quantum cloning. C1 Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Coll France, F-75005 Paris, France. Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, Project CODES, F-78153 Le Chesnay, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Milman, P (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris 05, France. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6-7 BP 901 EP 913 DI 10.1080/0950034021000058102 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 685LP UT WOS:000183265300005 ER PT J AU Barber, J Masiello, T Chrysostom, ETH Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA Sams, RL AF Barber, J Masiello, T Chrysostom, ETH Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA Sams, RL TI High resolution infrared studies of the nu(2), nu(4) bands of (SO3)-S-34-O-16, including both intensity and wavenumber perturbations SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared; spectrum; sulfur trioxide; sulfur-34 ID SULFUR-TRIOXIDE; SO3; SPECTRUM; NU-3 AB The infrared spectrum of the nu(2), nu(4) bending mode region of S-34-substituted sulfur trioxide, (SO3)-S-34-O-16, has been recorded at a resolution of 0.0025 cm(-1). The nu(2) and nu(4) levels are coupled by a Coriolis interaction, yielding significant spectral shifts that have been successfully analyzed to obtain rovibrational constants for the ground state and both fundamentals. Comparisons are made with (SO3)-S-32-O-16 parameters and the B-0 rotational constant is found to be 0.348 556 03(28) cm(-1), only very slightly larger than the corresponding value of 0.348 543 33(5) cm(-1) for (SO3)-S-32-O-16. Coriolis and iota-type resonance interactions between the nu(2) and nu(4) levels produce frequency shifts and strong intensity perturbations in the spectra that are considered for both (SO3)-S-34-O-16 and (SO3)-S-32-O-16. The resulting analysis yields an average value of +/-0.62(8) for the dipole derivative ratio (partial derivativemu(x)/partial derivativeQ(4x))/(partial derivativemu(z)/partial derivativeQ(2)) and a positive sign for the product of this ratio with the zeta(2,4)(y) Coriolis constant, for which experiment gives +/-0.5940(15). Ab initio calculations indicate that the signs of partial derivativemu(x)/partial derivativeQ(4x) and partial derivativemu(z)/partial derivativeQ(2) are both positive and hence zeta(2,4)(y) is also positive, in agreement with earlier calculations. These signs indicate that the effective charge movement in the xz plane has the same sense of rotation as Q(2), Q(4x) atom motion in this plane that produces a p,, vibrational angular momentum component, correlated motion that is confirmed by ab initio calculations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 218 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0022-2852(02)00051-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 673YV UT WOS:000182609600006 ER PT J AU Barber, J Chrysostom, ETH Masiello, T Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA Sams, RL AF Barber, J Chrysostom, ETH Masiello, T Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA Sams, RL TI Analysis of the nu(2), nu(4) infrared hot bands and nu(1) CARS spectrum of (SO3)-S-34-O-16 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared; coherent Raman; CARS; spectrum; sulfur trioxide; sulfur-34 ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; SULFUR-TRIOXIDE; COHERENT RAMAN; SO3; PROGRAM; NU-3 AB High-resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the (SO3)-S-34-O-16 IR-active hot bands originating from the nu(2) and nu(4) bending mode levels and terminating in the states 2(nu2) (iota = 0), nu(2) + nu(4) (iota = +/-1), and 2nu(4) (iota = 0, +/-2). The upper states are strongly coupled via Fermi resonance and indirect Coriolis interactions to the v, symmetric stretching mode levels that are only directly accessible from the ground state via a Raman-active transition. A Coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) spectrum of nu(1) for (SO3)-S-34-O-16 is presented which is dramatically different from the corresponding one for (SO3)-S-32-O-16. From the infrared transitions, accurate rovibrational constants are deduced for all the mixed states, leading to deperturbed values for nu(1), alpha(1)(beta), and alpha(1)(C) of 1064.920(84), 0.000 834 5(54), and 0.000 410 (11) cm(-1), respectively. The uncertainties in the last digits are shown in parentheses and represent two standard deviations. These parameters reproduce the unresolved Q-branch contour of the CARS spectrum very well. Various other rotational and vibrational parameters have been determined, leading to values of B-e = 0.349 760 6(33) cm(-1) and r(e) = 141.734 70(68) pm, values that are identical (within experimental error) to those found for (SO3)-S-32-O-16. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 218 IS 2 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0022-2852(02)00035-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 673YV UT WOS:000182609600007 ER PT J AU Yu, W Choi, SUS AF Yu, W Choi, SUS TI The role of interfacial layers in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids: A renovated Maxwell model SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nanofluids; nanoparticles; solid/liquid suspensions; thermal conductivity; nanolayers; heat exchanger ID SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; COMPOSITES; MEDIA AB Nanofluids, a new class of solid/liquid suspensions, offer scientific challenges because their measured thermal conductivity is one order of magnitude greater than predictions. It has long been known that liquid molecules close to a solid surface form layered solid-like structures, but little is known about the connection between this nanolayer and the thermal properties of the suspensions. Here, we have modified the Maxwell equation for the effective thermal conductivity of solid/liquid suspensions to include the effect of this ordered nanolayer. Because this ordered nanolayer has a major impact on nanofluid thermal conductivity when the particle diameter is less than 10 nm, a new direction is indicated for development of next-generation coolants. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choi, SUS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 628 Z9 643 U1 9 U2 65 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1023/A:1024438603801 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 693ET UT WOS:000183704000020 ER PT J AU Sandi, G Joachin, H Lub, WQ Prakash, J Tassara, G AF Sandi, G Joachin, H Lub, WQ Prakash, J Tassara, G TI Comparison of the electrochemichal performance of carbon produced from sepiolite with different surface characteristics SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon; sepiolite; lithium ion batteries; electrochemistry; capacity ID PAPER-MILL SLUDGE; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY; LITHIUM; INTERCALATION; ELECTRODES; CELLS AB A pure carbon-based material with applications in electrochemical processes was synthesized using different fractions of sepiolite clay. The produced carbon was initially characterized to determine its purity and surface properties including surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter The extent of the purity was assessed from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical properties, i.e. the potential use as electrode in Li ion batteries, were evaluated using conventional electrochemical testings such as charge/discharge and impedance spectroscopy. The results indicated that there is a correlation of the reversible specific capacity obtained and the surface properties of the template sepiolite. It is shown that their electrochemical performances for anode Li cells are related to their surface chemical properties rather than their BET surface area. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Technol Riqualificaz & Microseparaz Mat, IT-25123 Brescia, Italy. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD APR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 682QZ UT WOS:000183104500003 ER PT J AU Edwards, DJ Simonen, EP Bruemmer, SM AF Edwards, DJ Simonen, EP Bruemmer, SM TI Evolution of fine-scale defects in stainless steels neutron-irradiated at 275 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION MICROSTRUCTURES; DAMAGE STRUCTURE; ORIGIN; TEMPERATURE; PROTONS AB Six austenitic stainless steel heats (three heats each of 304SS and 316SS) neutron-irradiated at 275 degreesC from 0.6 to 13.3 dpa have been carefully characterized by TEM and their hardness measured as a function of dose. The characterization revealed that the microstructure is dominated by a very high density of small Frank loops present in sizes as small as I nm and perhaps lower, which could be of both vacancy and interstitial-type. Frank loop density saturated at the lowest doses characterized, whereas the Frank loop size distributions changed with increasing dose from an initially narrow, symmetric shape to a broader, asymmetric shape. Although substantial hardening is caused by the small defects, a simple correlation between hardness changes and density and size of defects does not exist. These results indicate that radiation-induced segregation to the Frank loops could play a role in both defect evolution and hardening response. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Interfaces & Characterizat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Edwards, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Interfaces & Characterizat Grp, MSIN P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 40 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 317 IS 1 BP 13 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(03)00002-3 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 669HK UT WOS:000182345700002 ER PT J AU Edwards, DJ Simonen, EP Garner, FA Greenwood, LR Oliver, BM Bruemmer, SM AF Edwards, DJ Simonen, EP Garner, FA Greenwood, LR Oliver, BM Bruemmer, SM TI Influence of irradiation temperature and dose gradients on the microstructural evolution in neutron-irradiated 316SS SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; SYSTEM AB A cold worked 316SS baffle bolt was extracted from the Tihange pressurized water reactor and sectioned at three different positions. The temperature and dose at the 1-mm bolt head position were 593 K and 19.5 dpa respectively, whereas at two shank positions the temperature and dose was 616 K and 12.2 dpa at the 25-mm position and 606 K and 7.5 dpa at the 55-mm position. Microstructural characterization revealed that small faulted dislocation loops and cavities were visible at each position, but the cavities were most prominent at the two shank positions. Measurable swelling exists in the shank portions of this particular bolt, and accompanying this swelling is the retention of very high levels of hydrogen absorbed from the environment. The observation of cavities in the CW 316SS at temperatures and doses relevant to LWR conditions has important implications for pressurized water reactors since SA 304SS plates surround the bolts, a steel that usually swells earlier due to its lower incubation period for swelling. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Interfaces & Characterizat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Edwards, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Interfaces & Characterizat Grp, MSIN P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 27 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 317 IS 1 BP 32 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(03)00003-5 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 669HK UT WOS:000182345700003 ER PT J AU Miller, GK Petti, DA Varacalle, DJ Maki, JT AF Miller, GK Petti, DA Varacalle, DJ Maki, JT TI Statistical approach and benchmarking for modeling of multi-dimensional behavior in TRISO-coated fuel particles SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The fundamental design for a gas-cooled reactor relies on the behavior of the coated particle fuel. The coating layers, termed the TRISO coating, act as a mini-pressure vessel that retains fission products. Results of US irradiation experiments show that many more fuel particles have failed than can be attributed to one-dimensional pressure vessel failures alone. Post-irradiation examinations indicate that multi-dimensional effects, such as the presence of irradiation-induced shrinkage cracks in the inner pyrolytic carbon layer, contribute to these failures. To address these effects, the methods of prior one-dimensional models are expanded to capture the stress intensification associated with multi-dimensional behavior. An approximation of the stress levels enables the treatment of statistical variations in numerous design parameters and Monte Carlo sampling over a large number of particles. The approach is shown to make reasonable predictions when used to calculate failure probabilities for irradiation experiments of the New Production Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Program. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Miller, GK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 317 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01702-6 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 669HK UT WOS:000182345700007 ER PT J AU Gullberg, GT AF Gullberg, GT TI Calculation of ejection fraction in gated SPECT - Reply SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gullberg, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 657 EP 657 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 664PB UT WOS:000182068500034 ER PT J AU Burr, TL Coulter, CA Howell, J Wangen, LE AF Burr, TL Coulter, CA Howell, J Wangen, LE TI Solution monitoring: Quantitative and qualitative benefits to nuclear safeguards SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solution monitoring; safeguards; loss detection; error modeling; material balance accounting AB Nuclear safeguards includes periodic evaluation of material balances (MB) as a check for whether material is missing. In the case of large facilities that reprocess spent fuel, it is anticipated that the MB measurement uncertainty will be too large to meet statistical loss detection goals. Nonetheless, many believe that large reprocessing facilities can be effectively safeguarded with an appropriate combination of monitoring, MB accounting, and containment/surveillance (C/S) measures. We anticipate that solution monitoring (SM) will be a challenging but extremely useful new safeguards monitoring measure. This paper investigates how SM could improve loss detection in a formal statistical sense and discusses qualitative safeguards benefits of SM. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Burr, TL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0022-3131 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.3327/jnst.40.256 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 687YU UT WOS:000183405200010 ER PT J AU Waseda, T Jameson, L Mitsudera, H Yaremchuk, M AF Waseda, T Jameson, L Mitsudera, H Yaremchuk, M TI Optimal basis from empirical orthogonal functions and wavelet analysis for data assimilation: Optimal basis WADAi SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE wavelets; EOF; Kalman filter; ocean general; circulation model ID GULF-STREAM MODEL; EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER; ALTIMETER DATA; OCEAN; CIRCULATION AB Wavelet Analysis provides a new orthogonal basis set which is localized in both physical space and Fourier transform space. Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs), on the other hand, provide a global representation of data sets. Here we investigate the various ways in which one can combine these basis sets for optimal representation of data. EOFs represent the global large scale information and wavelet analysis are used to supplement this large scale information with local fine scale information. Here we begin to explore the application of these two basis sets for outputs from an Ocean General Circulation Model and we explore various applications, including data assimilation. C1 Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Waseda, T (reprint author), Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. EM waseda@hawaii.edu RI Mitsudera, Humio/E-3241-2012 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 59 IS 2 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1023/A:1025591221588 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 649FC UT WOS:000181195400005 ER PT J AU Lopez, GV Quezada, J Berman, GP Doolen, GD Tsifrinovich, VI AF Lopez, GV Quezada, J Berman, GP Doolen, GD Tsifrinovich, VI TI Numerical simulation of a quantum controlled-not gate implemented on four-spin molecules at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE quantum computing; quantum communication; controlled-not gate ID COMPUTATION; COMPUTER; DECOHERENCE; RESONANCE AB We study numerically the non-resonant effects on four-spin molecules at room temperature with the implemented quantum controlled-not gate and using the 2pik method. The four nuclear spins in each molecule represent a four-qubit register. The qubits interact with each other through Ising-type interaction which is characterized by the coupling constant J(a,b). We study the errors on the reduced density matrix as a function of the Rabi frequency, Omega, using the 2pik method and when all the coupling constants are equal or when one of them is different from the others. C1 Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Lopez, GV (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, Corregidora 500,SR 4420, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD APR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 2 BP 184 EP 189 AR PII S1464-4266(03)53976-3 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 677JJ UT WOS:000182803400047 ER PT J AU No, JC Thakur, R Choudhary, A AF No, JC Thakur, R Choudhary, A TI High-performance scientific data management system SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE scientific data management; parallel I/O; MPI-IO; database; metadata ID PARALLEL FILE SYSTEM; I/O AB Many scientific applications have large I/O requirements, in terms of both the size of data and the number of files or data sets. Management, storage, efficient access, and analysis of this data present an extremely challenging task. Traditionally, two different solutions have been used for this task: file I/O or databases. File I/O can provide high performance but is tedious to use with large numbers of files and large and complex data sets. Databases can be convenient, flexible, and powerful but do not perform and scale well for parallel supercomputing, applications. We have developed a software system, called Scientific Data Manager (SDM), that combines the good features of both file I/O and databases. SDM provides a high-level application programming interface to the user and, internally, uses a parallel file system to store real data (using various I/O optimizations available in MPI-IO) and a database to store application-related metadata. In order to support I/O in irregular applications, SDM makes extensive use of MPI-IO's noncontiguous collective I/O functions. Moreover, SDM uses the concept of a history file to optimize the cost of the index distribution using the metadata stored in database. We describe the design and implementation of SDM and present performance results with two regular applications, ASTRO3D and an Euler solver, and with two irregular applications, a CFD code called FUN3D and a Rayleigh-Taylor instability code. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sejong Univ, Dept Software Engn, Seoul, South Korea. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thakur@mcs.anl.gov RI Choudhary, Alok/C-5486-2009 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 EI 1096-0848 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD APR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 4 BP 434 EP 447 DI 10.1016/S0743-7315(03)00036-4 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 692LW UT WOS:000183663400004 ER PT J AU Wang, JJ Li, TL Bateman, SD Erck, R Morris, KR AF Wang, JJ Li, TL Bateman, SD Erck, R Morris, KR TI Modeling of adhesion in tablet compression - I. Atomic force microscopy and molecular simulation SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adhesion; atomic force microscopy (AFM); molecular simulation; tablet compression; contact area; and interfacial tension between solid surfaces ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SUBSTRATE SURFACE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; CONTACT-ANGLE; FRICTION; POWDERS; TIPS; AFM; MICROCONTACTS; RUPTURE AB Adhesion problems during tablet manufacturing have been observed to be dependent on many formulation and process factors including the run time on the tablet press. Consequently, problems due to sticking may only become apparent towards the end of the development process when a prolonged run on the tablet press is attempted for the first time. It would be beneficial to predict in a relative sense if a formulation or new chemical entity has the potential for adhesion problems early in the development process. It was hypothesized that favorable intermolecular interaction between the drug molecules and the punch face is the first step or criterion in the adhesion process. Therefore, the rank order of adhesion during tablet compression should follow the rank order of these energies of interaction. The adhesion phenomenon was investigated using molecular simulations and contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three model compounds were chosen from a family of "profen" compounds. Silicon nitride AFM tips were modified by coating a 20-nm iron layer on the surfaces by sputter coating. Profen flat surfaces were made by melting and recrystallization. The modified AFM probe and each profen surface were immersed in the corresponding profen saturated water during force measurements using AFM. The work of adhesion between iron and ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and flurbiprofen in vacuum were determined to be -184.1, -2469.3, 2 -17.3 mJ (.) m(-2), respectively. The rank order of the work of adhesion between iron and profen compounds decreased in the order: ketoprofen > ibuprofen > flurbiprofen. The rank order of interaction between the drug molecules and the iron superlattice as predicted by molecular simulation using Cerius(2) is in agreement with the AFM measurements. It has been demonstrated that Atomic Force Microscopy is a powerful tool in studying the adhesion phenomena between organic drug compounds and metal surface. The study has provided insight into the adhesion problems occurring during tablet compression and a direction for continued study. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 92:798-814, 2003. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Ind & Phys Pharm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Novartis Pharmaceut Corp, Tech Res & Dev, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Morris, KR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Ind & Phys Pharm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 92 IS 4 BP 798 EP 814 DI 10.1002/jps.10339 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 662NR UT WOS:000181954200009 PM 12661065 ER PT J AU Metelko, CJ Freer, M Murgatroyd, JT Singer, SM Henderson, DJ Hofman, DJ Wuosmaa, AH AF Metelko, CJ Freer, M Murgatroyd, JT Singer, SM Henderson, DJ Hofman, DJ Wuosmaa, AH TI Resonances in Si-28 populated in the C-12(Ne-20, Si-28*)alpha reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION REACTIONS; ANGULAR-CORRELATIONS; C-12+O-16 BREAKUP; O-16+BE-8 DECAY; MG-24; STATES; C-12+C-12; CONFIGURATIONS; FISSION; NUCLEI AB The C-12 + O-16 decay of Si-28 states populated in the C-12(Ne-20, Si-28*) reaction has been studied at beam energies of 160 and 110 MeV Evidence for 28Si excited states is observed for the excitation energy range of 25-45 MeV Angular correlation analysis shows that the spins of these states lie in the range of 10-16 (h) over bar. These measurements further indicate that these breakup states are associated with the decay of a Si-28 nucleus with a large deformation. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Metelko, CJ (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Freer, Martin/F-9379-2013 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 697 EP 708 AR PII S0954-3899903)57297-8 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/29/4/307 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669XP UT WOS:000182376400008 ER PT J AU Hamada, M Pohl, A Spiegelman, C Wendelberger, J AF Hamada, M Pohl, A Spiegelman, C Wendelberger, J TI A Bayesian approach to calibration intervals and properly calibrated tolerance intervals SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE linear calibration; lognormal population; nonlinear calibration models; normal population; tolerance bounds AB In this article we consider a Bayesian approach to inference in which there is a calibration relationship between measured and true quantities of interest. One situation in which this approach is useful is for unknowns in which calibration intervals are obtained. The other situation is when inference about a population is desired in which tolerance intervals are produced. The Bayesian approach easily handles a general calibration relationship, say nonlinear, with nonnormal errors. The population may also be general, say lognormal, for quantities which are nonnegative. The Bayesian approach is illustrated with three examples and implemented with the freely available WinBUGS software. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hamada, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 194 EP 205 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 666KL UT WOS:000182176400006 ER PT J AU Kassianov, E AF Kassianov, E TI Stochastic radiative transfer in multilayer broken clouds. Part I: Markovian approach SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID AVERAGED SOLAR FLUXES; ALBEDO AB A two-part paper describes the statistical treatment of solar radiative transfer in multilayer broken clouds. The proposed approach is a logical development of the statistical ones originally suggested for a single-layer broken clouds. This first part introduces a new statistically inhomogeneous Markovian model that allows one to properly account for different combinations of the random and, maximum overlap of broken clouds at distinct vertical layers. The statistically inhomogeneous Markovian model and the stochastic radiative transfer equation have been used to derive equations for the mean radiance of solar radiation. It was demonstrated that in extreme cases the obtained equations agree with corresponding equations previously derived for (i) the statistically homogeneous broken clouds and (ii) the vertically inhomogeneous overcast clouds. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM evgueni.kassianov@pnl.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 373 EP 393 AR PII S0022-4073(02)00170-X DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00170-X PG 21 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 646VD UT WOS:000181055500003 ER PT J AU Kassianov, E Ackerman, T Marchand, R Ovtchinnikov, M AF Kassianov, E Ackerman, T Marchand, R Ovtchinnikov, M TI Stochastic radiative transfer in multilayer broken clouds. Part II: validation tests SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE overlapping broken clouds; solar radiation; stochastic approach AB In the second part of our two-part paper, we estimated the accuracy and robustness of the approximated equations for the mean radiance that were derived in Part I. In our analysis we used the three-dimensional (3D) cloud fields provided by (i) the stochastic Boolean model, (ii) large-eddy simulation model and (iii) satellite cloud retrieval. The accuracy of the obtained equations was evaluated by comparing the ensemble-averaged radiative properties that were obtained by the numerical averaging method (reference) and the analytical averaging method (approximation). The robustness of these equations was estimated by comparing the domain-averaged radiative properties obtained by using (i) the full 3D cloud structure (reference) and (ii) the bulk cloud statistics (approximation). It was shown that the approximated equations could provide reasonable accuracy (similar to15%) for both the ensemble- and domain-averaged radiative properties. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM evgueni.kassianov@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 395 EP 416 AR PII S0022-4073(02)00171-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00171-1 PG 22 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 646VD UT WOS:000181055500004 ER PT J AU Prodjosantoso, AK Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T Woodward, PM AF Prodjosantoso, AK Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T Woodward, PM TI Cation and anion ordering in the layered oxyfluorides Sr(3-)xA(x)AlO(4)F (A = Ba, Ca) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY AB The synthesis and structural characterization of mixed oxyfluorides of the type Sr(3-x)A(x)AlO(4)F is reported, where A is either calcium or barium. In these compounds the fluoride and oxide ions are ordered onto two distinct crystallographic sites. There is also an ordering of the alkaline earth cations over two crystallographic sites upon substitution of Ba2+ or Ca2+ for Sr2+. The solid solubility limits extend to xsimilar to1 for substitution of both barium and calcium, but the larger Ba2+ cations show a strong site preference for the ten-coordinate strontium sites, while the smaller Ca2+ cations prefer the eight-coordinate strontium sites. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Negeri Yogyakarta, Jurusan Kimia, Yogyakarta DIY 55281, Indonesia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kennedy, BJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579; prodjosantso, anti/0000-0001-7603-5857 NR 17 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 172 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S0022-4596(02)00128-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 685WE UT WOS:000183286200014 ER PT J AU Felmy, AR Mason, MJ AF Felmy, AR Mason, MJ TI An aqueous thermodynamic model for the complexation of sodium and strontium with organic chelates valid to high ionic strength. I. Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (EDTA) SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE strontium; EDTA; sodium; complexation; Pitzer parameters; equilibrium constant ID NATURAL-WATERS; CARBONATE; 25-DEGREES-C; ELECTROLYTES; SOLUBILITY; PREDICTION; CONSTANTS; HYDROXIDE; CHLORIDE; CALCIUM AB An aqueous thermodynamic model is developed, which accurately describes the effects of NaC complexation, ionic strength, carbonate concentration, and temperature on the complexation of Sr2+ by ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (EDTA) under basic conditions. The model is developed from the analysis of literature data on apparent equilibrium constants, enthalpies, and heat capacities, as well as on an extensive set of solubility data on SrCO3(c) in the presence of EDTA obtained as part of this study. The solubility data for SrCO3(c) were obtained in solutions ranging in Na2CO3 concentration from 0.01 to 1.8 m, in NaNO3 concentration from 0 to 5 m, and at temperatures extending to 75degreesC. The final aqueous thermodynamic model is based upon the equations of Pitzer and requires the inclusion of a NaEDTA(3-) species. An accurate model for the ionic strength dependence of the ion-interaction coefficients for the SrEDTA(2-) and NaEDTA(3-) aqueous species allows the extrapolation of standard state equilibrium constants for these species, which are significantly different from the 0.1 m reference state values available in the literature. The final model is tested by application to chemical systems containing competing metal ions (i.e., Ca2+) to further verify the proposed model and indicate the applicability of the model parameters to chemical systems containing other divalent metal-EDTA complexes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Felmy, AR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 283 EP 300 DI 10.1023/A:1023716703517 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 678DH UT WOS:000182849400001 ER PT J AU Felmy, AR Mason, MJ Qafoku, O AF Felmy, AR Mason, MJ Qafoku, O TI An aqueous thermodynamic model for the complexation of sodium and strontium with organic chelators valid to high ionic strength. II. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenedinitrilotriacetic acid (HEDTA) SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE strontium; HEDTA; sodium; complexation; Pitzer parameters; equilibrium constant ID CARBONATE; 25-DEGREES-C; ELECTROLYTES; CALCIUM AB This is the second paper in a two part series on the development of aqueous thermodynamic models for the complexation of Na+ and Sr2+ with organic chelators. In this paper, the development of an aqueous thermodynamic model describing the effects of ionic strength, carbonate concentration, and temperature on the complexation of Sr2+ by HEDTA under basic conditions is presented. The thermodynamic model describing the Na+ interactions with the HEDTA(3-) chelate relies solely on the use of Pitzer ion-interaction parameters. The exclusive use of Pitzer ion-interaction parameters differs significantly from our previous model for EDTA, which required the introduction of a NaEDTA(3-) ion pair. Estimation of the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters for HEDTA(3-) and SrHEDTA(-) with Na+ allows the extrapolation of a standard-state equilibrium constant for the SrHEDTA- species, which is one order of magnitude greater than the 0.1 M reference state value available in the literature. The overall model is developed from data available in the literature on apparent equilibrium constants for HEDTA protonation, the solubility of salts in concentrated HEDTA solutions, and from new data on the solubility of SrCO3(c) obtained as part of this study. The predictions of the final thermodynamic model for the Na-Sr-OH-CO3-NO3-HEDTA-H2O system are tested by application to chemical systems containing competing metal ions (i.e., Ca2+). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Felmy, AR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 301 EP 318 DI 10.1023/A:1023701720355 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 678DH UT WOS:000182849400002 ER PT J AU Wilson, G AF Wilson, G TI Tides of change: is Bayesianism the new paradigm in statistics? SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bayesian; frequentist; paradigm AB For the last 50 years Bayesians and frequentists have disputed the appropriate way to do statistics. Bayesian methods have grown in popularity and acceptance, but how is the conflict between Bayesians and frequentists likely to play out in the future? This article uses theories advanced by Thomas Kuhn and Lawrence Grossberg to offer a framework for understanding possible futures and to pose questions about the future of the field of statistics. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 113 IS 1 BP 371 EP 374 AR PII S0378-3758(01)00306-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-3758(01)00306-8 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 645NJ UT WOS:000180984200024 ER PT J AU Hanson, BL Schall, CA Bunick, GJ AF Hanson, BL Schall, CA Bunick, GJ TI New techniques in macromolecular cryocrystallography: macromolecular crystal annealing and cryogenic helium SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryocrystallography; annealing; helium ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; DATA-COLLECTION; CRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURES; MOSAICITY; CRYOSTAT AB Cryocrystallography is used today for almost all X-ray diffraction data collection at synchrotron beam lines, with rotating-anode generators, and micro X-ray sources. Despite the widespread use of flash-cooling to place macromolecular crystals in the cryogenic state, its use can ruin crystals, trips to the synchrotron, and sometimes even an entire project. Annealing of macromolecular crystals takes little time, requires no specialized equipment, and can save crystallographic projects that might otherwise end in failure. Annealing should be tried whenever initial flash-cooling causes an unacceptable increase in mosaicity, results in ice rings, fails to provide adequate diffraction quality, or causes a crystal to be positioned awkwardly. Overall, annealing improves the quality of data and overall success rate at synchrotron beam lines. Its use should be considered whenever problems arise with a flash-cooled crystal. Helium is a more efficient cryogen than nitrogen and will deliver lower temperatures. Experiments suggest that when crystals are cooled with He rather than N-2, crystals maintain order and high-resolution data are less affected by increased radiation load. Individually or in combination, these two techniques can enhance the success of crystallographic data collection, and their use should be considered essential for high-throughput programs. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bunick, GJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, POB 2009,MS 8080, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hanson, Bryant Leif/F-8007-2010 OI Hanson, Bryant Leif/0000-0003-0345-3702 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-29818] NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 142 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00040-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 675TJ UT WOS:000182711400008 PM 12718921 ER PT J AU Goulding, CW Perry, LJ AF Goulding, CW Perry, LJ TI Protein production in Escherichia coli for structural studies by X-ray crystallography SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein expression; protein solubility; structural genomics; X-ray crystallography ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; PYROBACULUM-AEROPHILUM REVEALS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; INCLUSION-BODIES; BINDING PROTEIN; SYSTEM; CODON AB The arrival of genomic sequences to the database has provided a seemingly unlimited supply of targets for protein structure determination and the possibility of solving the structure of an entire proteome. Based on our experience with the proteomes of Pyrobaculum aerophilum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we have developed a simple strategy for the production of proteins for structural studies by X-ray crystallography. Our scheme demonstrates a strong protein target commitment and includes the expression of genes from these organisms in Escherichia coli. These proteins are expressed with affinity tags and purified for characterization and crystallization. We have identified protein solubility and crystallization as the two major bottlenecks in the process toward the determination of protein structures by X-ray diffraction. Strategies to overcome these bottlenecks are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Ctr Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Perry, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Ctr Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI-75320] NR 65 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 142 IS 1 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00044-3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 675TJ UT WOS:000182711400012 PM 12718925 ER PT J AU Rupp, B AF Rupp, B TI Maximum-likelihood crystallization SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-throughput crystallization; statistical analysis; crystallization screening; structural genomics; predictive models ID PROTEIN CRYSTALLIZATION; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLIZATION; GENOMICS; DATABASE AB The crystallization facility of the TB Structural Genomics Consortium, one of nine NIH-sponsored structural genomics pilot projects, employs a combinatorial random sampling technique in high-throughput crystallization screening. Although data are still sparse and a comprehensive analysis cannot be performed at this stage, preliminary results appear to validate the random-screening concept. A discussion of statistical crystallization data analysis aims to draw attention to the need for comprehensive and valid sampling protocols. In view of limited overlap in techniques and sampling parameters between the publicly funded high-throughput crystallography initiatives, exchange of information should be encouraged, aiming to effectively integrate data mining efforts into a comprehensive predictive framework for protein crystallization. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Macromol Crystallog & TB Struct Genom Consortium, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rupp, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Macromol Crystallog & TB Struct Genom Consortium, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62410] NR 35 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 142 IS 1 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00047-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 675TJ UT WOS:000182711400015 PM 12718928 ER PT J AU Yonker, CR Fulton, JL Phelps, MR Bowman, LE AF Yonker, CR Fulton, JL Phelps, MR Bowman, LE TI Membrane separations using reverse micelles in nearcritical and supercritical fluid solvents SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE supercritical; membrane; separation; proteins; polymers ID ASYMMETRIC POLYIMIDE MEMBRANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MICROEMULSIONS; CO2; MIXTURES; WATER; ETHANOL; GAS AB The use of reverse micelles coupled with ultrafiltration membranes for the separation of macromolecules dissolved in the cores of the reverse micelles using nearcritical and supercritical fluid solvents is described. This methodology allows one to address the separation of a wide range of polar molecules greatly extending the type of molecules that can be separated using only pure supercritical fluids. The solutes to be separated are initially dissolved in the reverse micellar solution and introduce into the pressure vessel containing the membrane. The surfactant and water core are passed through the membrane while the macromolecule selectivity is based on size and molecular weight. The ability for continuous recycle in an extraction system is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yonker, CR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD APR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 225 EP 231 AR PII S0896-8446(02)00098-0 DI 10.1016/S0896-8446(02)00098-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 657CG UT WOS:000181647400003 ER PT J AU Flora, JRV Hargis, RA O'Dowd, WJ Pennilne, HW Vidic, RD AF Flora, JRV Hargis, RA O'Dowd, WJ Pennilne, HW Vidic, RD TI Modeling sorbent injection for mercury control in baghouse filters: I - Model development and sensitivity analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON INJECTION; INCINERATOR FLUE-GAS; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; REMOVAL; SIMULATION; ADSORPTION; CAPTURE AB A two-stage mathematical model for Hg removal using powdered activated carbon injection upstream of a bag-house filter was developed, with the first stage accounting for removal in the ductwork and the second stage accounting for additional removal caused by the retention of carbon particles on the filter. The model shows that removal in the ductwork is minimal, and. the additional carbon detention time from the entrapment of the carbon particles in the fabric filter enhances the Hg removal from the gas phase. A sensitivity analysis on the model shows that Hg removal is dependent on the isotherm parameters, the carbon pore radius and tortuosity, the C/Hg ratio, and the carbon particle radius. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Flora, JRV (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. OI Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 478 EP 488 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661AK UT WOS:000181868800011 PM 12708512 ER PT J AU Flora, JRV Hargis, RA O'Dowd, WJ Pennline, HW Vidic, RD AF Flora, JRV Hargis, RA O'Dowd, WJ Pennline, HW Vidic, RD TI Modeling sorbent injection for mercury control in baghouse filters: II - Pilot-scale studies and model evaluation SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBONS; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; GAS; CHLORIDE; REMOVAL; VAPORS AB Activated carbon injection for Hg control in a 500-lb/hr pilot-scale coal-fired furnace equipped with a fabric filter for particulate control was evaluated at different operating conditions. The pilot-scale tests showed that Hg removal was improved at lower temperatures and higher C/Hg ratios. The two-stage mathematical model developed to describe Hg removal using powdered activated carbon injection upstream of a baghouse filter was used to obtain Langmuir isotherm parameters as a function of temperature by fitting the model to a subset of experimental data. The predictive capability of the model was then tested by comparing model calculations with additional experimental data from this system obtained using different operating temperatures and sorbent to Hg ratios. Model predictions were in good agreement with experimentally measured Hg removal efficiency. Based on the model predictions, Hg removal in the duct appears to be limited and higher C/Hg ratio, lower operating temperature, and longer cleaning cycle of the baghouse filter should be utilized to achieve higher Hg removal in this system. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Flora, JRV (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 489 EP 496 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661AK UT WOS:000181868800012 PM 12708513 ER PT J AU MacLaren, I Cannon, RM Gulgun, MA Voytovych, R Popescu-Pogrion, N Scheu, C Taffner, U Ruhle, M AF MacLaren, I Cannon, RM Gulgun, MA Voytovych, R Popescu-Pogrion, N Scheu, C Taffner, U Ruhle, M TI Abnormal grain growth in alumina: Synergistic effects of yttria and silica SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Science and Technology of Alumina CY MAR, 2002 CL SCHLOSS RINGBERG, GERMANY ID PHASE-SINTERED ALUMINA; BOUNDARY MIGRATION; ALPHA-ALUMINA; LIQUID-PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; INTERGRANULAR FILMS; DOPED ALUMINA; SEGREGATION; CERAMICS; CHEMISTRY AB Abnormal grain growth without strong anisotropy or faceting of the grains has been observed in high-purity yttria-doped alumina specimens, often starting at the surface and spreading right through the bulk at higher sintering temperatures. This appears to occur because of an interaction between Si contamination from sintering and the yttria doping; no such effect is seen for undoped samples. Similar microstructures were observed after deliberate Y/Si codoping. Analytical STEM showed that some grain boundaries bordering on large grains contained more Si than Y. HRTEM and diffuse dark-field imaging revealed thin (0.5-0.9 nm) disordered layers at some boundaries bordering large grains. It appears that Si impurities are accumulating at some boundaries and together with the Y inducing a grain boundary structural transformation that accounts for the dramatically increased mobility of these boundaries. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, FB Mat & Geowissensch, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sabanci Univ, FENS, TR-81474 Istanbul, Turkey. RP MacLaren, I (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, FB Mat & Geowissensch, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RI MacLaren, Ian/C-1773-2010; Popescu Pogrion, Nicoleta/F-3060-2011 OI MacLaren, Ian/0000-0002-5334-3010; NR 69 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 650 EP 659 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 667DT UT WOS:000182216300019 ER PT J AU Hou, PY AF Hou, PY TI Impurity effects on alumina scale growth SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Science and Technology of Alumina CY MAR, 2002 CL SCHLOSS RINGBERG, GERMANY ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CR-AL ALLOYS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; REACTIVE ELEMENT ADDITIONS; POLYCRYSTALLINE AL2O3; SULFUR REMOVAL; AL2O3/ALLOY INTERFACES; ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION; ALPHA-AL2O3 SCALES; FECRAL ALLOYS AB Most high-temperature-resistant alloys oxidize to form an external alumina layer, or scale, whose slow growth protects the underlying alloy from continued aggressive oxidation. The growth of the Al2O3 scale is controlled by the transport of oxygen inward and aluminum outward through it, with the rate dominated by the fastest diffusing species down the fastest path. Components in the alloy can be incorporated into the growing Al2O3 layer, hence affect the transport rates of oxygen and/or aluminum. This paper summarizes existing experimental data to assess the possible effect of these incorporated impurities on the growth rate and transport properties of Al2O3 scales formed on Fe-, Ni-, and Pt-based alloys. The amount and distribution of the alloy base metal, sulfur impurity, and reactive elements, such as Hf, Y, Zr, and Ce, in the alumina scale are evaluated. Their effect on the oxidation and transport rates through the scale are discussed and compared with Al and O diffusion rates deduced from creep studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 107 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 660 EP 668 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 667DT UT WOS:000182216300020 ER PT J AU Pint, BA AF Pint, BA TI Optimization of reactive-element additions to improve oxidation performance of alumina-forming alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Science and Technology of Alumina CY MAR, 2002 CL SCHLOSS RINGBERG, GERMANY ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; FE-CR-AL; OXYGEN POTENTIAL GRADIENT; FECRAL ALLOYS; Y ALLOYS; STAINLESS-STEEL; OXIDE DISPERSIONS; YTTRIUM ADDITIONS; ION-IMPLANTATION; SCALE ADHESION AB It is well-known that the addition of reactive elements (including yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, and hafnium) improve the high-temperature oxidation performance of alumina-forming alloys. Less studied are strategies for optimizing these additions for developing a high-performance, wrought FeCrAl alloy with maximum oxidation-limited component life. Results from the literature are summarized regarding potential improvements. One promising strategy is the addition of two reactive elements, such as yttrium and hafnium, which has been effective in commercial and laboratory nickel-based alloys and appears to impart the expected benefits, such as reducing the scale growth rate while minimizing detrimental effects, such as the formation of reactive element-rich oxides in the scale and internal oxidation. Although there are promising data, the long-term studies are not yet complete, and it is difficult to predict if "co-doped" FeCrAl alloys will produce superior oxidation-limited lifetimes in high-temperature environments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 92 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 6 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 686 EP 695 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 667DT UT WOS:000182216300023 ER PT J AU Luong, ET Houk, RS AF Luong, ET Houk, RS TI Determination of carbon isotope ratios in amino acids, proteins, and oligosaccharides by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL COMPLEXES; LOW-LEVEL METHANE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; POLYATOMIC IONS; LASER-ABLATION; GAS; SYSTEM; DISSOCIATION; REDUCTION; PRECISION AB Carbon isotope ratios (C-12/C-13) are measured for aqueous solutions of tryptophan, myoglobin, and beta-cyclodextrin using C+ ions from an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and a prototype twin quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). C-13/C-12 ratios can be determined with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of similar to1%. This precision is close to the limiting value predicted by counting statistics (1.16%). Spectral interference on C-13(+), presumably from (CH+)-C-12-H-1, comes from the incomplete dissociation of myoglobin and/or beta-cyclodextrin, but not tryptophan. Decreasing the aerosol gas flow rate slightly from that which yields maximum signal eliminates this (CH+)-C-12-H-1 interference. The count rate of the minor isotope (C-13(+)) can be artificially enhanced by increasing the voltage of the C-13(+) detector, and/or by shifting the ion beam splitter offset from the central axis. Instrumental modifications to the MS that improve the sensitivity are also described. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00003-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 668EC UT WOS:000182276500002 PM 12686476 ER PT J AU Ham, JE Durham, B Scott, JR AF Ham, JE Durham, B Scott, JR TI Comparison of laser desorption and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization for ruthenium and osmium trisbipyridine complexes using Fourier transform mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT; INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; REORGANIZATIONAL ENERGY; IONS AB Metal-bipyridine complexes are a vehicle for developing approaches for studying the fluorescence of gas-phase ions; however, conclusions regarding fluorescence behavior depend on explicitly identifying the ionic species in the gas phase. [Ru(bpy)(3)]X-2 and [Os(bpy(3))]X-2, (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and X = Cl or PF6), were studied using direct laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). LD spectra of the PF, salt of the Ru and Os complexes reveal counterion attachment, fluoride transfer, and significant losses of H for a number of peaks. LD of the chloride salt complexes produced loss of a single bpy ligand, chloride attachment, and losses of H. Spectra of [Ru(bpy(3)]X-2 where X = BF4-, CF3SO3-, and SCN- were also collected using LD and compared with the spectra for Cl-2 and PF6 salts. Regardless of counterion, loss of H is observed in LD spectra. MALDI spectra of the trisbipyridyl complexes using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and sinapinic acid (SA) as the matrix were also obtained. The spectra using SA as matrix show intact molecular ion peaks with very little fragmentation and no counterion attachment. Unlike SA, the spectra obtained using DHB look similar to LD spectra with significant losses of H. Our results are consistent with a reaction scheme for hydrogen loss from a carbon that also involves breaking of the metal-nitrogen bond, rotation of a pyridine ring, and re-formation of an ortho-metallated complex by a metal-C bond. These results demonstrate the importance of ion generation method and the utilization of FTMS for correct characterization of metal poly(pyridyl) complexes. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Scott, JR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, MS 2208,2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Scott, Jill/G-7275-2012 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00069-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 668EC UT WOS:000182276500012 PM 12686486 ER PT J AU Blom, DA Dunlap, JR Nolan, TA Allard, LF AF Blom, DA Dunlap, JR Nolan, TA Allard, LF TI Preparation of cross-sectional samples of proton exchange membrane fuel cells by ultramicrotomy for TEM SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODES AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) microstructural characterization and microchemical analysis are two tools which can help relate proton exchange membrane (PEM) processing and resulting structure to fuel cell performance as well as structural changes to performance loss. A necessary first step is the preparation of specimens suitable for TEM characterization that maintain the spatial relationships among the various macro- and microcomponents of an entire PEM fuel cell. By carefully keeping the structure intact during the sample preparation, valuable information regarding the relationships among the many components of the fuel cell can be preserved. Previous TEM studies of PEM fuel cells have only been conducted on parts of the cell. No single preparation technique has resulted in keeping the entire fuel cell intact to image the entire cross section. In the present work, diamond knife ultramicrotomy has successfully been used to create thin sections suitable for TEM of entire PEM membrane electrode assemblies both before and after use in a fuel cell test stand. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Program Microscopy, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Blom, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP A414 EP A418 DI 10.1149/1.1556593 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 654UU UT WOS:000181515100002 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Smith, PH Baker, WM Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J AF Mansour, AN Smith, PH Baker, WM Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J TI A comparative in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of nanophase V2O5 aerogel and ambigel cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; VANADIUM-OXIDE; K-EDGE; BATTERIES; XEROGEL; XAS; SPECTRA AB We examined the evolution of the oxidation state and atomic structure of V in nanophase V2O5 aerogel and ambigel cathodes under in situ conditions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We show that the oxidation state of V in V2O5 aerogel and ambigel cathodes heated under vacuum (100 muTorr) at 220degreesC for 16 h is similar to that of V in a commercially obtained sample of orthorhombic V2O5. However, the local structure of V in aerogel and ambigel V2O5 has a higher degree of local symmetry relative to orthorhombic V2O5 and/or the average V-O bond length is greater than that of orthorhombic V2O5. Furthermore, we show that during the first cycle of discharge, the degree of Li insertion (x in Li-x V2O5) for the ambigel cathode is greater than that of the aerogel cathode (x = 3.06 for the ambigel cathode compared to x = 2.68 for the aerogel cathode) for the same cut-off voltage. Accordingly, the observed V K-edge energy shift for the fully discharged ambigel cathode is greater than that observed for the fully discharged aerogel cathode, and hence, the extent of reduction of pentavalent V is greater for the ambigel cathode. In both cases, the extent of reduction of the V is consistent with the amount of Li inserted (i.e., Li-x V2O5). Initially, pentavalent V is reduced to tetravalent V in the intercalation range 0 < x < 2 and then tetravalent V is reduced to trivalent V upon insertion of more Li (x > 2). Analyses of Fourier transform data reveal that V has a higher degree of local symmetry in the discharged state relative to that of the charged state. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 644, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM MansourAN@nswccd.navy.mil NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP A403 EP A413 DI 10.1149/1.1554911 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 654UU UT WOS:000181515100001 ER PT J AU Schmutz, P Guillaumin, V Lillard, RS Lillard, JA Frankel, GS AF Schmutz, P Guillaumin, V Lillard, RS Lillard, JA Frankel, GS TI Influence of dichromate ions on corrosion processes on pure magnesium SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROBE FORCE MICROSCOPY; ALUMINUM-ALLOY 2024-T3; HEXAVALENT CR OXIDES; WATER-VAPOR; POLYCRYSTALLINE MAGNESIUM; INITIAL INTERACTION; CONVERSION COATINGS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; AUGER EMISSION; MGAL ALLOYS AB The corrosion behavior of Mg is of interest because of its growing use as an alloy in the transportation industry and also because it is a major component of some intermetallic phases in Al alloys, such as the deleterious S (Al2CuMg)-phase found in AA2024-T3. Pure Mg corrodes rapidly in a chloride-containing solution and even dissolves in water if the surface hydroxide is damaged by scratching the surface, for example. Uniform dissolution is drastically reduced in NaCl solutions (from 0.01 to 0.5 M) with the addition of very dilute concentrations of dichromate (10(-4) M). However, it is replaced by a strong localized attack in the form of fast filiform-like attack. On a large-grained sample with a defined defect structure, the attack can be seen to propagate at twin boundaries. Orientation imaging microscopy analysis found that corrosion was limited to planes near {0001} orientations with propagation being in prismatic directions. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis shows that interaction of chromate with the Mg hydroxide results in incorporation of reduced chromium ions in the hydroxide surface layer. Formation of a more resistant surface film could explain the very local nature of the corrosion in this case. The interaction between dichromate ions and Mg hydroxide can also explain the higher corrosion resistance of S-phase particles in chloride solutions containing dilute dichromate, although differences in the surface film formed compared to pure Mg are observed. Sputter-etching of the surface in order to assess the depth of the attack revealed that very hard or isolating corrosion products difficult to sputter are produced along the filiform path and that chromium compounds are not integrated in the corrosion products. Focused ion beam sectioning followed by scanning electron microscopy investigation of the sectioned area, demonstrates the presence of a continuous protective surface film. Adhesion between the Mg hydroxide and the metal is lost at the location of the corrosion filament, suggesting that the mechanism of propagation is similar to filiform corrosion under a coating. The depth of attack is a couple of micrometers with large cracks present within the corroded area that could induce severe surface damage. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Ohio State Univ, Fontana Corros Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmutz, P (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, IBWK, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Frankel, Gerald/C-3113-2012; Schmutz, Patrik/D-6263-2014 OI Frankel, Gerald/0000-0003-0573-3548; NR 44 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP B99 EP B110 DI 10.1149/1.1554721 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 654UU UT WOS:000181515100022 ER PT J AU Wall, FD Martinez, MA AF Wall, FD Martinez, MA TI A statistics-based approach to studying aluminum pit initiation - Intrinsic and defect-driven pit initiation phenomena SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COOPERATIVE STOCHASTIC-BEHAVIOR; LOCALIZED CORROSION; PITTING CORROSION; STAINLESS-STEELS; ALLOYS; MICROSCOPY; MECHANISM; INCLUSIONS; BREAKDOWN; CRACKING AB A statistical description of pit initiation in high-purity aluminum (99.99) is developed based on the statistical frameworks established by Baroux [Corros. Sci., 28, 969 (1988)] and Shibata and Takeyama [Corrosion, 33, 243 (1977) and 52, 813 (1996)]. The statistical treatment is used to examine the dependency of pitting behavior on electrode area, scan rate, and chloride concentration. It is shown that the average pitting potential is proportional to the log of the scan rate and the log of one over electrode area, implying an exponential dependence of pit germination rate on applied potential. The constants that describe pit germination rate are independent of area for electrodes of diameter 125 mm and smaller. However, the constants are area-dependent for larger electrodes. Based on these results a homogeneous pit nucleation process is proposed to account for pit initiation on 125 mm diam and smaller electrodes, while a heterogeneous process is proposed to control the behavior of 500 mm diam electrodes. The results from these studies also demonstrate the importance of correctly choosing experimental conditions when studying pitting behavior. The dependencies of pitting potential on scan rate and area are found to be sensitive to electrode size, scan rate, and aggressiveness of the electrolyte. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wall, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP B146 EP B157 DI 10.1149/1.1560638 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 654UU UT WOS:000181515100027 ER PT J AU Istratov, AA Huber, W Weber, ER AF Istratov, AA Huber, W Weber, ER TI Modeling of competitive gettering of iron in silicon integrated circuit technology SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC POINT-DEFECTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RECOMBINATION ACTIVITY; EPITAXIAL WAFERS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; DIFFUSION; COPPER; NI; EFFICIENCIES; CU AB Areas of heavy doping, implantation damage, and lattice strains, which are part of any silicon-integrated circuit device, can provide efficient traps for metals and compete for impurities with intentionally introduced gettering sites. In this article we introduce the concept of competitive gettering between gettering sites and devices and perform modeling of competitive gettering in p/p(+) epi wafers, wafers with internal gettering sites, and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. The impact of the substrate resistivity, density of oxide precipitates, and denuded zone/epi layer width is analyzed for a wide span of cooling ranges. It is found that the major consequence of the effect of gettering by devices is that by the end of cooling, the metal concentration in the device area can substantially exceed its average concentration in the wafer, and device yield could degrade. This can be prevented by optimizing the substrate gettering properties. Although fast cooling rates inherent in rapid thermal processing represent a challenge for gettering, it is shown that optimized gettering can perform well even if the wafer is cooled in a rapid thermal processing system at a rate between 5 and 100 degrees per second. Our modeling results indicate that SOI wafers behave differently than epitaxial or bulk wafers because the buried oxide layer provides a barrier for diffusion of metals between the device area and the substrate. The last section of the article presents an experimental proof of principle of competitive gettering. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sumco USA, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Istratov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM istratov@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP G244 EP G252 DI 10.1149/1.1556598 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 654UU UT WOS:000181515100059 ER PT J AU Zacharopoulos, N Srolovitz, DJ LeSar, R AF Zacharopoulos, N Srolovitz, DJ LeSar, R TI Discrete dislocation simulations of the development of a continuum plastic zone ahead of a stationary Mode III crack SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE dislocations; dynamic phenomena; mechanical properties; fracture and fracture toughness; computer simulation ID DYNAMICS; DUCTILE; TIP; EMISSION AB We present results from discrete dislocation simulations showing the development of the plastic zone in front of a Mode III crack under constant load. We find that the equilibrated zone is circular, in agreement with continuum mechanics predictions of the elastic-perfectly plastic Mode III crack. The size of the equilibrated zone scales as the square of the applied load (Kill), also in agreement with the continuum results. The zone approaches saturation exponentially, with a time that scales as K-III(2)/sigma(p)(3), where sigma(p) is the Peierls stress. These results delineate conditions under which the classical, continuum predictions of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics are applicable. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP LeSar, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 4 BP 695 EP 713 AR PII S0022-5096(02)00099-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(02)00099-6 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 647KT UT WOS:000181092500005 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MJ AF Schmitt, MJ TI Mitigation of thermal blooming and diffraction effects with high-power laser beams SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSES; AIR AB The three-dimensional (3-D) pulse propagation code, pulsed ultrashort laser simulation emulator (PULSE), has been used to model the interaction of thermal blooming, diffraction, and nonlinear self-focusing in the atmosphere. PULSE is a derivative of the free-electron laser (FEL) simulation code, free-electron laser experiment (FELEX) [Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 250, 449 (1986)] that was used for many years to model the 3-D interaction of optical pulses with electron beams. This code has now been modified to model nonlinear material interactions. In its current configuration, an electromagnetic pulse is modeled on a Cartesian grid, thereby allowing for arbitrary amplitude and phase modulations in the transverse (x, y) and longitudinal W directions. The code includes models for thermal blooming (in a laminar transverse wind field), diffraction, Kerr self-focusing and self-phase modulation, plasma defocusing and absorption, and multiphoton and avalanche ionization. Simulation of picosecond length pulses indicate that the defocusing effects of thermal blooming and diffraction can be effectively eliminated by Kerr self-focusing. Simulation results show that the beam arrives at the target with a spot size comparable to (or less than) its initial spot size. For propagation distances of many kilometers, this can result in order-of-magnitude increases of the on-target intensity at range, which can significantly reduce the average power requirement of the laser required to provide a given irradiance level. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmitt, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 719 EP 724 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.20.000719 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 664LR UT WOS:000182063000011 ER PT J AU Lee, RW Moon, SJ Chung, HK Rozmus, W Baldis, HA Gregori, G Cauble, RC Landen, OL Wark, JS Ng, A Rose, SJ Lewis, CL Riley, D Gauthier, JC Audebert, P AF Lee, RW Moon, SJ Chung, HK Rozmus, W Baldis, HA Gregori, G Cauble, RC Landen, OL Wark, JS Ng, A Rose, SJ Lewis, CL Riley, D Gauthier, JC Audebert, P TI Finite temperature dense matter studies on next-generation light sources SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY LASERS; MOLECULAR-METALLIC TRANSITION; GIANT PLANETS; RESONANCE-FLUORESCENCE; THOMSON SCATTERING; BROWN DWARFS; HYDROGEN; JUPITER; PLASMAS; LIQUID AB The construction of short-pulse tunable soft x-ray free electron laser sources based on the self-amplified spontaneous emission process will provide a major advance in capability for dense plasma-related and warm dense matter (WDM) research. The sources will provide 10(13) photons in a 200-fs duration pulse that is tunable from approximately 6 to 100 nm. Here we discuss only two of the many applications made possible for WDM that has been severely hampered by the fact that laser-based methods have been unavailable because visible light will not propagate at electron densities of n(e) greater than or equal to 10(22) cm(-3). The next-generation light sources will remove these restrictions. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, CEA, UMR 7605,Lab Utilisat Lasers INtenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Lee, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-411,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dicklee@physics.berkeley.edu OI Rose, Steven/0000-0001-6808-6355 NR 36 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 770 EP 778 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.20.000770 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 664LR UT WOS:000182063000018 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Switzer, WM Foley, BT Robertson, DL Goeken, RA Korber, BT Hirsch, VM Beer, BE AF Hu, JJ Switzer, WM Foley, BT Robertson, DL Goeken, RA Korber, BT Hirsch, VM Beer, BE TI Characterization and comparison of recombinant simian immunodeficiency virus from drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) isolates SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; WILD-CAPTURED CHIMPANZEE; CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION; RED-CAPPED MANGABEY; PRIMATE LENTIVIRUS; NATURAL INFECTION; HIGHLY DIVERGENT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; CERCOPITHECUS-LHOESTI AB Since simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was found to be the source of the human AIDS pandemic, a major goal has been to characterize the diversity of SIV strains in the wild and to assess their potential for crossover into humans. In the present study, SIV was isolated from a seropositive drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and three seropositive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) by using macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Full-length sequences were obtained from a drill and mandrill and designated SIVdrl1FAO and SIVmnd5440, respectively. A 182-bp fragment of the pol genes of the two remaining mandrill SIV isolates was also analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that SIVdrl1FAO formed a monophyletic clade with SIVmnd5440 and SIVmndM14, recently designated SIVmnd type 2. Both the SIVdrl and SIVmnd type 2 genomes carried a vpx gene and appeared to share a common ancestor with SIVrcm in the 5' region of the genome and with SIVmndGB1 (type 1) in the 3' region of the genome. A statistically significant recombination breakpoint was detected at the beginning of envelope, suggesting that the viruses were descendents of the same recombinant. Phylogenetic analysis of vpx and vpr genes demonstrated that the vpx genes formed a monophyletic cluster that grouped with vpr from SIVagm. In addition, both SIVdrl1FAO and SIVmnd5440 replicated in human PBMC and therefore could pose a risk of transmission to the human population. C1 NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Hirsch, VM (reprint author), NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, 12441 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 56 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 8 BP 4867 EP 4880 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4867-4880.2003 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 662VU UT WOS:000181970200040 PM 12663793 ER PT J AU Markowitz, M Louie, M Hurley, A Sun, E Di Mascio, M AF Markowitz, M Louie, M Hurley, A Sun, E Di Mascio, M TI A novel antiviral intervention results in more accurate assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication dynamics and T-Cell decay in vivo SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-1; INFECTION; CLEARANCE AB Mathematical models provide an understanding of in vivo replication kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). With a novel intervention designed for increased potency, we have more accurately deduced the half-lives of virus-producing CD4+ T cells, 0.7 day, and the generation time of HIV-1 in vivo, approximately 2 days, confirming the dynamic nature of HIV-1 replication. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Markowitz, M (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, 455 1st Ave,7th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000102, M01-RR00102, R01 RR006555, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI42848, AI28433, AI41387, AI47033, R01 AI028433, R37 AI028433] NR 7 TC 222 Z9 227 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 8 BP 5037 EP 5038 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.8.5037-5038.2003 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 662VU UT WOS:000181970200061 PM 12663814 ER PT J AU Ramez, M Blot-Chabaud, M Cluzeaud, F Chanan, S Patterson, M Walensky, LD Marfatia, S Baines, AJ Chasis, JA Conboy, JG Mohandas, N Gascard, P AF Ramez, M Blot-Chabaud, M Cluzeaud, F Chanan, S Patterson, M Walensky, LD Marfatia, S Baines, AJ Chasis, JA Conboy, JG Mohandas, N Gascard, P TI Distinct distribution of specific members of protein 4.1 gene family in the mouse nephron SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE kidney; nephron; cytoskeleton; protein 4.1 ID MEMBRANE CYTOSKELETAL PROTEIN-4.1; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE; NA+/H+ EXCHANGER; RAT-KIDNEY; TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION; SKELETAL PROTEIN-4.1; INTERCALATED CELLS; NONERYTHROID CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Background. Protein 4.1 is an adapter protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to various transmembrane proteins. These 4.1 proteins are encoded by four homologous genes, 4.1R, 4.1G, 4.1N, and 4.1B, which undergo complex alternative splicing. Here we performed a detailed characterization of the expression of specific 4.1 proteins in the mouse nephron. Methods. Distribution of renal 4.1 proteins was investigated by staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed mouse kidney sections with antibodies highly specific for each 4.1 protein. Major 4.1 splice forms, amplified from mouse kidney marathon cDNA, were expressed in transfected COS-7 cells in order to assign species of known exon composition to proteins detected in kidney. Results. A 105 kD 4.1R splice form, initiating at ATG-2 translation initiation site and lacking exon 16, but including exon 17B, was restricted to thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. A 95 kD 4.1N splice form, lacking exons 15 and 17D, was expressed in either descending or ascending thin limb of Henle's loop, distal convoluted tubule, and all regions of the collecting duct system. A major 108 kD 4.1B splice form, initiating at a newly characterized ATG translation initiation site, and lacking exons 15, 17B, and 21, was present only in Bowman's capsule and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). There was no expression of 4.1G in kidney. Conclusion. Distinct distribution of 4.1 proteins along the nephron suggests their involvement in targeting of selected transmembrane proteins in kidney epithelium and, therefore, in regulation of specific kidney functions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Subcellular Struct, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paris 07, Inst Federat Rech Cellules Epitheliales, INSERM, U478, Paris, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Kent, Dept Biosci, Canterbury, Kent, England. RP Gascard, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Subcellular Struct, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 74-157, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Blot-Chabaud, Marcel/D-4064-2017; OI Baines, Anthony/0000-0003-3068-7811 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094, DK56355] NR 64 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD APR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1321 EP 1337 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00870.x PG 17 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 654GC UT WOS:000181485000016 PM 12631349 ER PT J AU Hush, D Scovel, C AF Hush, D Scovel, C TI Polynomial-time decomposition algorithms for support vector machines SO MACHINE LEARNING LA English DT Article DE support vector machines; polynomial-time algorithms; decomposition algorithms AB This paper studies the convergence properties of a general class of decomposition algorithms for support vector machines (SVMs). We provide a model algorithm for decomposition, and prove necessary and sufficient conditions for stepwise improvement of this algorithm. We introduce a simple "rate certifying" condition and prove a polynomial-time bound on the rate of convergence of the model algorithm when it satisfies this condition. Although it is not clear that existing SVM algorithms satisfy this condition, we provide a version of the model algorithm that does. For this algorithm we show that when the slack multiplier C satisfies root1/2 less than or equal to Cless than or equal to mL, where m is the number of samples and L is a matrix norm, then it takes no more than 4LC(2)m(4)/epsilon iterations to drive the criterion to within epsilon of its optimum. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hush, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0885-6125 J9 MACH LEARN JI Mach. Learn. PD APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 51 EP 71 DI 10.1023/A:1021877911972 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 632XL UT WOS:000180250100003 ER PT J AU Kaibyshev, R Musin, F Gromov, D Nieh, TG Lesuer, DR AF Kaibyshev, R Musin, F Gromov, D Nieh, TG Lesuer, DR TI Grain refinement and superplastic behaviour of a modified 6061 aluminium alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-PHASE; ZENER DRAG; CU ALLOY; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; ELONGATION; NUCLEATION; SIZE AB The superplastic properties and microstructure evolution of a 0-15'%Zr and 0-7%Cu modified 6061 aluminium alloy were examined in tension at temperatures ranging from 475 to 600 C and strain rates ranging from 7 x 10(-6) to 2(.)8 x 10(-2) s(-1). The refined microstructure with an average grain size of about 11 mum was produced in thin sheets by a commercially viable thermomechanical process. It was shown that the modified 6061 alloy exhibits a moderate superplastic elongation of 580% in the entirely solid state at 570degreesC and epsilon over dot>=2(.)8 x 10(-4) s(-1). Superior superplastic properties (elongation to failure of 1300% with a corresponding strain rate sensitivity coefficient in of about 0.65) were found at the same strain rate and a temperature of 590 C, which is higher than the incipient melting point of the 6061 alloy ( similar to 575 degreesC). The microstructural evolution during superplastic deformation of the 6061 alloy has been studied quantitatively. The presence of a slight amount of liquid phase greatly promotes the superplastic properties of the 6061 alloy, reducing the cavitation level. C1 Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kaibyshev, R (reprint author), Inst Met Superplast Problems, Khalturina St 39, Ufa 450001, Russia. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; Kaibyshev, Rustam/G-8804-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1179/026708303225002019 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 683GJ UT WOS:000183139800011 ER PT J AU Follstaedt, DM Knapp, JA Myers, SM AF Follstaedt, DM Knapp, JA Myers, SM TI Strengthening by high densities of nanometer-size precipitates: Oxides in Ni SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HARDNESS; OXYGEN; NANOINDENTATION; ALUMINUM; NICKEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFUSION AB We have measured the yield strengths of Ni samples having high densities of nanometer-size precipitates. Surface layers containing NiO or gamma-Al2O3 precipitates were formed in Ni specimens by ion implanting O alone or O and Al, with subsequent annealing. The yield strengths of the layers were obtained through nanoindentation in conjunction with finite-element simulations. The yield strengths of the Ni alloys were combined with earlier data for O-implanted Al and compared to predictions of a recent treatment of the Orowan mechanism, in which dislocations loop around precipitates and bypass them. The strengths vary with changes in precipitate microstructure, as predicted, and conform to the theory in absolute magnitude to within a factor of 1.5. This agreement extends over broad microstructural ranges: precipitate sizes from similar to1 to 20 nm, volume fractions from 0.05 to 0.30, densities from 4 x 10(16)/cm(3) to as high as similar to10(20)/cm(3), edge-to-edge spacings as small as 1.4 nm, two precipitated phases, and two metal matrices with shear moduli differing by a factor of 3. Ion implantation increases near-surface yield strengths to as high as 5 GPa, suggesting that this treatment may be useful for hardening the surfaces of Ni components in micro-electromechanical systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Radiat Solid Interact Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Follstaedt, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Radiat Solid Interact Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34A IS 4 BP 935 EP 949 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0224-8 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 661HF UT WOS:000181884600005 ER PT J AU Lexa, D AF Lexa, D TI Occlusion and ion exchange in the molten (lithium chloride plus potassium chloride plus alkaline-earth chloride) salt plus zeolite 4A system with alkaline-earth chlorides of calcium and strontium and in the molten (lithium chloride plus potassium chloride plus actinide chloride) salt plus zeolite 4A system with the actinide chloride of uranium SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITE 4A AB The interaction between molten salts of the type LiCl-KCl-MeCln (Me = Ca, Sr, U; x(MeCln) = 0 to 0.45; and x(KCl)/x(LiCl) = 0.69) and zeolite 4A have been studied at 823 K. The main interactions between these salts and zeolite are molten salt occlusion to form salt-loaded zeolite and ion exchange between the molten salt and salt-loaded zeolite. An irreversible chemical reaction has been observed in the LiCl-KCl-UCl3 + zeolite system. The extent of occlusion is a function of the concentration of MeCln in the zeolite and is equal to 10 +/- 1 Cl- per zeolite unit cell, (AlSiO4)(12), at infinite MeCln dilution. The ion-exchange mole-fraction equilibrium constants (separation factors) with respect to Li are decreasing functions of the concentration of SrCl2 and UCl3, but an increasing function of the concentration of CaCl2 in the zeolite. At infinite MeCln dilution, they are equal to 0.9, 11.9, and 13 for CaCl2, SrCl2, and UCl3, respectively. The standard ion-exchange chemical potentials are equal to -50.0, -84, and -101.1 kJ.mol(-1) for Ca2+, Sr2+, and U3+, respectively. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lexa, D (reprint author), Austrian Res Ctr GmbH ARC, Radioact Waste Management Dept, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s11663-003-0007-z PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 662KU UT WOS:000181946500007 ER PT J AU Rozgonyi, GA Karoui, A Kvit, A Duscher, G AF Rozgonyi, GA Karoui, A Kvit, A Duscher, G TI Nano-scale analysis of precipitates in nitrogen-doped Czochralski silicon SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUMRS/ICEM 2002 Conference CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Mat Res Soc, Int Union Mat Res Soc DE Czochralski silicon wafers; nitrogen doping ID AGGREGATION AB Nitrogen-doped Czochralski (CZ) silicon wafers were heat treated with Lo-Hi annealing in argon. Nanoscale defects were then examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in the Z-contrast mode, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses using a field emission JEOL 2010 with a resolution below 2 Angstrom. The structures of precipitates, stacking faults and interstitial aggregates were found to depend on their location relative to the wafer surface. Precipitate composition, strain at the interface and interface roughness were obtained and are discussed in connection with the point defects generated during crystal growth and modified during wafer annealing. An excellent correlation was found between Z-contrast line scans across the precipitates and the N to Oconcentration ratio determined with EELS. In the precipitate central region that ratio is between I and 6%, whereas at precipitate boundaries it reaches 17%. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rozgonyi, GA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(02)00923-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 675YQ UT WOS:000182725500045 ER PT J AU Henry-Mowatt, J Jackson, D Masson, JY Johnson, PA Clements, PM Benson, FE Thompson, LH Takeda, S West, SC Caldecott, KW AF Henry-Mowatt, J Jackson, D Masson, JY Johnson, PA Clements, PM Benson, FE Thompson, LH Takeda, S West, SC Caldecott, KW TI XRCC3 and Rad51 modulate replication fork progression on damaged vertebrate chromosomes SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID DNA STRAND EXCHANGE; RECOMBINATION FACTORS RAD51; PROTEIN-A; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST RAD51; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; REPAIR PROTEINS; MOUSE HOMOLOGS; RECA AB The mechanisms by which the progression of eukaryotic replication forks is controlled after DNA damage are unclear. We have found that fork progression is slowed by cisplatin or UV treatment in intact vertebrate cells and in replication assays in vitro. Fork slowing is reduced or absent in irs1SF CHO cells and XRCC3(-/-) chicken DT40 cells, indicating that fork slowing is an active process that requires the homologous recombination protein XRCC3. The addition of purified human Rad51C-XRCC3 complex restores fork slowing in permeabilized XRCC3(-/-) cells. Moreover, the requirement for XRCC3 for fork slowing can be circumvented by addition of human Rad51. These data demonstrate that the recombination proteins XRCC3 and Rad(51) cooperatively modulate the progression of replication forks on damaged vertebrate chromosomes. C1 Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biomol Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Canc Res UK, Clare Hall Labs, S Mimms EN6 3LD, Herts, England. Univ Manchester, InterCytex, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. Univ Lancaster, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Kyoto Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Univ Manchester, Sch Biol Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. RP Caldecott, KW (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. EM k.w.caidecott@sussex.ac.uk OI Benson, Fiona Elizabeth/0000-0002-3918-7015 FU Medical Research Council [G0001259] NR 56 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 EI 1097-4164 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD APR PY 2003 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00132-1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 672UF UT WOS:000182540700028 PM 12718895 ER PT J AU Wang, W Han, JJ Wang, LQ Li, LS Shaw, WJ Li, ADQ AF Wang, W Han, JJ Wang, LQ Li, LS Shaw, WJ Li, ADQ TI Dynamic pi-pi stacked molecular assemblies emit from green to red colors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OLIGOMERS; CDSE AB We present a dynamic molecular self-assembly system, driven mostly by pi-pi molecular orbital interactions. The formation of such self-organized dynamic systems is characterized with absorption, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopies as well as dynamic light scattering. Our results demonstrate that proper design of molecules can promote self-organization in solution. As a result, we observed distinct red, orange, yellow, and green photoluminescence from different initial concentrations while exciting the system at the same wavelength. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, ADQ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 21 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1021/nl025976j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 666XM UT WOS:000182201800006 ER PT J AU Huang, WJ Fernando, S Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Huang, WJ Fernando, S Allard, LF Sun, YP TI Solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with diamine-terminated oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) in different functionalization reactions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION; TITRATION; SOLVENTS AB A comparative study is reported on the solubilization of as-prepared and purified single-walled carbon nanotubes with diamine-terminated oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) in different functionalization reactions under various conditions. The soluble nanotube samples were characterized by using spectroscopic, microscopic, and gravimetric techniques. The results were used in the evaluation of the functionalization reactions. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 30 TC 174 Z9 183 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1021/nl0340834 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 666XM UT WOS:000182201800027 ER PT J AU Yuan, P Jedd, G Kumaran, D Swaminathan, S Shio, H Hewitt, D Chua, NH Swaminathan, K AF Yuan, P Jedd, G Kumaran, D Swaminathan, S Shio, H Hewitt, D Chua, NH Swaminathan, K TI A HEX-1 crystal lattice required for Woronin body function in Neurospora crassa SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INITIATION-FACTOR 5A; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; DIFFRACTION DATA; PROTEIN; CONSERVATION; TRANSPORT; PROGRAM; EXPORT; EIF-5A AB The Woronin body is a dense-core vesicle specific to filamentous ascomycetes (Euascomycetes), where it functions to seal the septal pore in response to cellular damage. The HEX-1 protein self-assembles to form this solid core of the vesicle. Here, we solve the crystal structure of HEX-1 at 1.8 Angstrom, which provides the structural basis of its self-assembly. The structure reveals the existence of three intermolecular interfaces that promote the formation of a three-dimensional protein lattice. Consistent with these data, self-assembly is disrupted by mutations in intermolecular contact residues and expression of an assembly-defective HEX-1 mutant results in the production of aberrant Woronin bodies, which possess a soluble noncrystalline core. This mutant also fails to complement a hex-1 deletion in Neurospora crassa, demonstrating that the HEX-1 protein lattice is required for Woronin body function. Although both the sequence and the tertiary structure of HEX-1 are similar to those of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A), the amino acids required for HEX-1 self-assembly and peroxisomal targeting are absent in eIF-5A. Thus, we propose that a new function has evolved following duplication of an ancestral eIF-5A gene and that this may define an important step in fungal evolution. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Singapore 117609, Singapore. Rockefeller Univ, Plant Mol Biol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Bioimaging Resource Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Harvard Univ, Farlow Herbarium, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117543, Singapore. RP Swaminathan, K (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, 30 Med Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore. RI Ping, Yuan/A-5469-2010; ASTAR, IMCB/E-2320-2012 NR 35 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1038/nsb910 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 661TE UT WOS:000181905200011 PM 12640443 ER PT J AU Cantu-Paz, E Kamath, C AF Cantu-Paz, E Kamath, C TI Evolving neural networks to identify bent-double galaxies in the FIRST survey SO NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE astronomical surveys; radio-emitting galaxies; network design; genetic algorithms; feature extraction; feature selection; data mining ID ALGORITHMS AB The FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm) survey is an ambitious project scheduled to cover 10,000 square degrees of the northern and southern galactic caps. Until recently, astronomers associated with FIRST identified radio-emitting galaxies with a bent-double morphology through a visual inspection of images. Besides being subjective, prone to error and tedious, this manual approach is becoming increasingly infeasible: upon completion, FIRST will include almost a million galaxies. This paper describes the application of six methods of evolving neural networks (NNs) with genetic algorithms (GAs) to the identification of bent-double galaxies. The objective is to demonstrate that GAs can successfully address some common problems in the application of NNs to classification problems, such as training the networks, choosing appropriate network topologies. and selecting relevant features. We measured the overall accuracy of the networks using the arithmetic and geometric means of the accuracies on bent and non-bent galaxies, Most of the combinations of GAs and NNs perform equally well on our data, but using GAs to select feature subsets produces the best results, reaching accuracies of 90% using the arithmetic mean and 87% with the geometric mean, The networks found by the GAs were more accurate than hand-designed networks and decision trees. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cantu-Paz, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, 7000 East Ave,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-6080 J9 NEURAL NETWORKS JI Neural Netw. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 16 IS 3-4 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1016/S0893-6080(03)00020-0 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 669MD UT WOS:000182354300019 PM 12672444 ER PT J AU Gorelenkov, NN Fredrickson, E Belova, E Cheng, CZ Gates, D Kaye, S White, R AF Gorelenkov, NN Fredrickson, E Belova, E Cheng, CZ Gates, D Kaye, S White, R TI Theory and observations of high frequency Alfven eigenmodes in low aspect ratio plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; MODES; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; EXCITATION; TOKAMAKS AB New observations of sub-cyclotron frequency instability in low aspect ratio plasmas in national spherical torus experiments are reported. The frequencies of observed instabilities correlate with the characteristic Alfven velocity of the plasma. A theory of localized compressional Alfven eigenmodes (CAE) and global shear Alfven eigenmodes (GAE) in low aspect ratio plasmas is presented to explain the observed high frequency instabilities. CAEs/GAEs are driven by the velocity space gradient of energetic super-Alfvenic beam ions via Doppler shifted cyclotron resonances. One of the main damping mechanisms of GAEs, the continuum damping, is treated perturbatively within the framework of ideal MHD. Properties of these cyclotron instability ions are presented. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; NR 16 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 228 EP 233 AR PII S0029-5515(03)60172-9 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/4/302 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 673FX UT WOS:000182570500002 ER PT J AU Shaing, KC Hegna, CC Callen, JD Houlberg, WA AF Shaing, KC Hegna, CC Callen, JD Houlberg, WA TI Plasma and momentum transport processes in the vicinity of a magnetic island in a tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TEARING MODE; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; SPIN-UP; ROTATION; CONFINEMENT; FREQUENCY; BARRIER; FIELD AB In the vicinity of a magnetic island in tokamaks, the toroidal symmetry in the magnitude of the magnetic field \B\ is broken. This leads to enhanced radial transport fluxes and momentum dissipation. The radial electric field can be determined from the quasineutrality condition, or equivalently the momentum equation, on the island magnetic surface. The equation that governs the radial electric field is nonlinear and can have bifurcated solutions. This may suppress turbulence fluctuations and improve plasma confinement. The theory remains valid for a rotating island with an appropriate re-interpretation of the radial electric field. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shaing, KC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 11 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 258 EP 261 AR PII S0029-5515(03)60742-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/4/306 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 673FX UT WOS:000182570500006 ER PT J AU Noterdaeme, JM Righi, E Chan, V deGrassie, J Kirov, K Mantsinen, M Nave, MFF Testa, D Zastrow, KD Budny, R Cesario, R Gondhalekar, A Hawkes, N Hellsten, T Lamalle, P Meo, F Nguyen, F AF Noterdaeme, JM Righi, E Chan, V deGrassie, J Kirov, K Mantsinen, M Nave, MFF Testa, D Zastrow, KD Budny, R Cesario, R Gondhalekar, A Hawkes, N Hellsten, T Lamalle, P Meo, F Nguyen, F CA EFDA-JET-EFDA Contributors TI Spatially resolved toroidal plasma rotation with ICRF on JET SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID ALCATOR C-MOD; FAST ALFVEN WAVES; OHMIC H-MODE; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; ION TEMPERATURE; HEATED PLASMAS; TOKAMAK PLASMA; IMPURITY; RF AB Plasmas heated by ICRF only in the JET tokamak show distinct structures in the toroidal rotation profile, with regions where domega/dr > 0 when the minority cyclotron resonance layer is far off-axis. The rotation is dominantly co-current with a clear off-axis maximum. There is only a slight difference between a high-field side (HFS) or a low-field side position of this resonance layer: the off-axis maximum in the rotation profile is modestly higher for the HFS position. This is in contrast to the predictions of theories that rely mainly on the effects arising from ICRF-driven fast ions to account for ICRF-induced plasma rotation. The differences due to the direction of the antenna spectrum (co- or counter-) are small. A more central deposition of the ICRF power in L-mode and operation in H-mode both lead to more centrally peaked profiles, both in the co-direction. Strong MHD modes brake the rotation and lead to overall flat rotation profiles. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, Garching, Germany. State Univ Ghent, Dept EESA, Ghent, Belgium. EFDA CSU Garching, Garching, Germany. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Assoc Euratom Tekes, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Inst Super Tecn, EURATOM Assoc, Lisbon, Portugal. MIT, Ctr Plasma Fus, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. PPPL, Princeton, NJ USA. ENEA, EURATOM Assoc, Frascati, Italy. EFDA CSU JET, London, England. EURATOM, NFR, Nykoping, Sweden. Assoc Euratom Belgian State, LPP ERM, KMS, Brussels, Belgium. CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Noterdaeme, JM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, Garching, Germany. RI Meo, Fernando/A-3937-2012; Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; Mantsinen, Mervi/B-8023-2016 OI Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Mantsinen, Mervi/0000-0001-9927-835X NR 44 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 274 EP 289 AR PII S0029-5515(03)60739-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/4/309 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 673FX UT WOS:000182570500009 ER PT J AU Keith, CD Anghinolfi, M Battaglieri, M Bosted, P Branford, D Bultmann, S Burkert, VD Comer, SA Crabb, DG De Vita, R Dodge, G Fatemi, R Kashy, D Kuhn, SE Prok, Y Ripani, M Seely, ML Taiuti, M Witherspoon, S AF Keith, CD Anghinolfi, M Battaglieri, M Bosted, P Branford, D Bultmann, S Burkert, VD Comer, SA Crabb, DG De Vita, R Dodge, G Fatemi, R Kashy, D Kuhn, SE Prok, Y Ripani, M Seely, ML Taiuti, M Witherspoon, S TI A polarized target for the CLAS detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE polarized target; spin; structure functions ID NUCLEAR; PHYSICS AB We describe the design, construction, and performance of a polarized solid target for use in electron scattering experiments with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. Protons and deuterons are continuously polarized by microwave-induced spin-flip transitions at I K and 5 T. The target operated successfully during two cycles in 1998 and 2000, providing proton and deuteron polarizations as high as 96% and 46%, respectively. The unique features of the target which permit its use inside a 4pi spectrometer are stressed. Comparison is made between the target polarization measured by the traditional method of NMR and by electron elastic scattering. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Keith, CD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 14 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 501 IS 2-3 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00429-7 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 677GX UT WOS:000182799500001 ER PT J AU Andersen, TC Black, RA Blevis, I Boger, J Bonvin, E Chen, M Cleveland, BT Dai, X Dalnoki-Veress, F Doucas, G Farine, J Fergani, H Fowler, MM Hahn, RL Hallman, ED Hargrove, CK Heron, H Hooper, E Howard, KH Jagam, P Jelley, NA Knox, AB Lee, HW Levine, I Locke, W Majerus, S McFarlane, K McGregor, G Miller, GG Moorhead, M Noble, AJ Omori, M Rowley, JK Shatkay, M Shewchuk, C Simpson, JJ Sinclair, D Tanner, NW Taplin, RK Trent, PT Wang, JX Wilhelmy, JB Yeh, M AF Andersen, TC Black, RA Blevis, I Boger, J Bonvin, E Chen, M Cleveland, BT Dai, X Dalnoki-Veress, F Doucas, G Farine, J Fergani, H Fowler, MM Hahn, RL Hallman, ED Hargrove, CK Heron, H Hooper, E Howard, KH Jagam, P Jelley, NA Knox, AB Lee, HW Levine, I Locke, W Majerus, S McFarlane, K McGregor, G Miller, GG Moorhead, M Noble, AJ Omori, M Rowley, JK Shatkay, M Shewchuk, C Simpson, JJ Sinclair, D Tanner, NW Taplin, RK Trent, PT Wang, JX Wilhelmy, JB Yeh, M TI A radium assay technique using hydrous titanium oxide adsorbent for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radioactivity assay; water purification; solar neutrino; SNO AB As photodisintegration of deuterons mimics the disintegration of deuterons by neutrinos, the accurate measurement of the radioactivity from thorium and uranium decay chains in the heavy water in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is essential for the determination of the total solar neutrino flux. A radium assay technique of the required sensitivity is described that uses hydrous titanium oxide adsorbent on a filtration membrane together with beta - alpha delayed coincidence counting system. For a 200 tonne assay the detection limit for Th-232 is a concentration of similar to3 x 10(-16) g Th/g water and for U-238 of similar to3 x 10(-16) g U/g water. Results of assays of both the heavy and light water carried out during the first 2 years of data collection of SNO are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Laurentian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. RP Jelley, NA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RI Dai, Xiongxin/I-3819-2013; OI Andersen, Thomas/0000-0003-1614-4124 NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 501 IS 2-3 BP 386 EP 398 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01925-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01925-3 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 677GX UT WOS:000182799500006 ER PT J AU Andersen, TC Blevis, I Boger, J Bonvin, E Chen, M Cleveland, BT Dai, X Dalnoki-Veress, F Doucas, G Farine, J Fergani, H Ferraris, AP Fowler, MM Hahn, RL Hallman, ED Hargrove, CK Jagam, P Jelley, NA Knox, AB Lee, HW Levine, I Majerus, S McFarlane, K Mifflin, C Miller, GG Noble, AJ Palmer, P Rowley, JK Shatkay, M Simpson, JJ Sinclair, D Wang, JX Wilhelmy, JB Yeh, M AF Andersen, TC Blevis, I Boger, J Bonvin, E Chen, M Cleveland, BT Dai, X Dalnoki-Veress, F Doucas, G Farine, J Fergani, H Ferraris, AP Fowler, MM Hahn, RL Hallman, ED Hargrove, CK Jagam, P Jelley, NA Knox, AB Lee, HW Levine, I Majerus, S McFarlane, K Mifflin, C Miller, GG Noble, AJ Palmer, P Rowley, JK Shatkay, M Simpson, JJ Sinclair, D Wang, JX Wilhelmy, JB Yeh, M TI Measurement of radium concentration in water with Mn-coated beads at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radioactivity assay; water purification; solar neutrino; SNO ID ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; THORIUM; RA-228; OCEAN AB We describe a method to measure the concentration of Ra-224 and Ra-226 in the heavy water target used to detect solar neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and in the surrounding light water shielding. A water volume of 50-400 m(3) from the detector is passed through columns which contain beads coated with a compound of manganese oxide onto which the Ra dissolved in the water is adsorbed. The columns are removed, dried, and mounted below an electrostatic chamber into which the Rn from the decay of trapped Ra is continuously flowed by a stream of N-2 gas. The subsequent decay of Rn gives charged Po ions which are swept by the electric field onto a solid-state alpha counter. The content of Ra in the water is inferred from the measured decay rates of (212)po, (214)po, Po-216, and Po-218. The Ra extraction efficiency is > 95%, the counting efficiency is 24% for Po-214 and 6% for (216)po, and the method can detect a few atoms of Ra-224 per m(3) and a few tens of thousands of atoms of Ra-226 per m(3). Converted to equivalent equilibrium values of the topmost elements of the natural radioactive chains, the detection limit in a single assay is a few times 10(-16) g Th or U/cm(3). The results of some typical assays are presented and the contributions to the systematic error are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Laurentian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. RP Cleveland, BT (reprint author), SNO Project, POB 159, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3, Canada. RI Dai, Xiongxin/I-3819-2013; OI Andersen, Thomas/0000-0003-1614-4124 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 501 IS 2-3 BP 399 EP 417 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00616-8 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 677GX UT WOS:000182799500007 ER PT J AU Fukuda, S Fukuda, Y Hayakawa, T Ichihara, E Ishitsuka, M Itow, Y Kajita, T Kameda, J Kaneyuki, K Kasuga, S Kobayashi, K Kobayashi, Y Koshio, Y Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Nakayama, S Namba, T Obayashi, Y Okada, A Oketa, M Okumura, K Oyabu, T Sakurai, N Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Toshito, T Totsuka, Y Yamada, S Desai, S Earl, M Hong, JT Kearns, E Masuzawa, M Messier, MD Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Wang, W Scholberg, K Barszczak, T Casper, D Liu, DW Gajewski, W Halverson, PG Hsu, J Kropp, WR Mine, S Price, LR Reines, F Smy, M Sobel, HW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Keig, WE Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Flanagan, JW Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Stenger, VJ Hayato, Y Ishii, T Ichikawa, A Kanzaki, J Kobayashi, T Maruyama, T Nakamura, K Oyama, Y Sakai, A Sakuda, M Sasaki, O Echigo, S Iwashita, T Kohama, M Suzuki, AT Hasegawa, M Inagaki, T Kato, I Maesaka, H Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Yamamoto, S Haines, TJ Kim, BK Sanford, R Svoboda, R Blaufuss, E Chen, ML Conner, Z Goodman, JA Guillian, E Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Habig, A Ackerman, M Goebel, F Hill, J Jung, CK Kato, T Kerr, D Malek, M Martens, K Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Viren, B Yanagisawa, C Doki, W Inaba, S Ito, K Kirisawa, M Kitaguchi, M Mitsuda, C Miyano, K Saji, C Takahata, M Takahashi, M Higuchi, K Kajiyama, Y Kusano, A Nagashima, Y Nitta, K Takita, M Yamaguchi, T Yoshida, M Kim, HI Kim, SB Yoo, J Okazawa, H Etoh, M Fujita, K Gando, Y Hasegawa, A Hasegawa, T Hatakeyama, S Inoue, K Ishihara, K Iwamoto, T Koga, M Nishiyama, I Ogawa, H Shirai, J Suzuki, A Takayama, T Tsushima, F Koshiba, M Ichikawa, Y Hashimoto, T Hatakeyama, Y Koike, M Horiuchi, T Nemoto, M Nishijima, K Takeda, H Fujiyasu, H Futagami, T Ishino, H Kanaya, Y Morii, M Nishihama, H Nishimura, H Suzuki, T Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Golebiewska, U Berns, HG Boyd, SB Doyle, RA George, JS Stachyra, AL Wai, LL Wilkes, RJ Young, KK Kobayashi, H AF Fukuda, S Fukuda, Y Hayakawa, T Ichihara, E Ishitsuka, M Itow, Y Kajita, T Kameda, J Kaneyuki, K Kasuga, S Kobayashi, K Kobayashi, Y Koshio, Y Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Nakayama, S Namba, T Obayashi, Y Okada, A Oketa, M Okumura, K Oyabu, T Sakurai, N Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Toshito, T Totsuka, Y Yamada, S Desai, S Earl, M Hong, JT Kearns, E Masuzawa, M Messier, MD Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Wang, W Scholberg, K Barszczak, T Casper, D Liu, DW Gajewski, W Halverson, PG Hsu, J Kropp, WR Mine, S Price, LR Reines, F Smy, M Sobel, HW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Keig, WE Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Flanagan, JW Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Stenger, VJ Hayato, Y Ishii, T Ichikawa, A Kanzaki, J Kobayashi, T Maruyama, T Nakamura, K Oyama, Y Sakai, A Sakuda, M Sasaki, O Echigo, S Iwashita, T Kohama, M Suzuki, AT Hasegawa, M Inagaki, T Kato, I Maesaka, H Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Yamamoto, S Haines, TJ Kim, BK Sanford, R Svoboda, R Blaufuss, E Chen, ML Conner, Z Goodman, JA Guillian, E Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Habig, A Ackerman, M Goebel, F Hill, J Jung, CK Kato, T Kerr, D Malek, M Martens, K Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Viren, B Yanagisawa, C Doki, W Inaba, S Ito, K Kirisawa, M Kitaguchi, M Mitsuda, C Miyano, K Saji, C Takahata, M Takahashi, M Higuchi, K Kajiyama, Y Kusano, A Nagashima, Y Nitta, K Takita, M Yamaguchi, T Yoshida, M Kim, HI Kim, SB Yoo, J Okazawa, H Etoh, M Fujita, K Gando, Y Hasegawa, A Hasegawa, T Hatakeyama, S Inoue, K Ishihara, K Iwamoto, T Koga, M Nishiyama, I Ogawa, H Shirai, J Suzuki, A Takayama, T Tsushima, F Koshiba, M Ichikawa, Y Hashimoto, T Hatakeyama, Y Koike, M Horiuchi, T Nemoto, M Nishijima, K Takeda, H Fujiyasu, H Futagami, T Ishino, H Kanaya, Y Morii, M Nishihama, H Nishimura, H Suzuki, T Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Golebiewska, U Berns, HG Boyd, SB Doyle, RA George, JS Stachyra, AL Wai, LL Wilkes, RJ Young, KK Kobayashi, H TI The Super-Kamiokande detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE water Cherenkov detector; super-kamiokande; neutrinos; K2K; cosmic rays ID WATER CHERENKOV DETECTOR; PROTON-DECAY; SEARCH AB Super-Kamiokande is the world's largest water Cherenkov detector, with net mass 50,000 tons. During the period April, 1996 to July, 2001, Super-Kamiokande I collected 1678 live-days of data, observing neutrinos from the Sun, Earth's atmosphere, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino beam with high efficiency. These data provided crucial information for our current understanding of neutrino oscillations, as well as setting stringent limits on nucleon decay. In this paper, we describe the detector in detail, including its site, configuration, data acquisition equipment, online and offline software, and calibration systems which were used during Super-Kamiokande I. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, Carson, CA 90747 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Shizuoka Seiko Coll, Yaizu, Shizuoka 4258611, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Accelerator Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM chiaki@superk.physics.sunysb.edu RI Takeuchi, Yasuo/A-4310-2011; Nakamura, Kenzo/F-7174-2010; Sobel, Henry/A-4369-2011; Suzuki, Yoichiro/F-7542-2010; Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Wilkes, R.Jeffrey/E-6011-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Sakurai, Nobuyuki/M-5009-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Koshio, Yusuke/C-2847-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015; Obayashi, Yoshihisa/A-4472-2011; Yoo, Jonghee/K-8394-2016 OI Sakurai, Nobuyuki/0000-0002-1002-217X; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Koshio, Yusuke/0000-0003-0437-8505; NR 28 TC 323 Z9 326 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 501 IS 2-3 BP 418 EP 462 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X PG 45 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 677GX UT WOS:000182799500008 ER PT J AU Lopes, JAM Morgado, RE Conde, CAN AF Lopes, JAM Morgado, RE Conde, CAN TI A metastable xenon isotope detector for treaty verification SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radioxenon; xenon; multiparameter detection system; treaty verification; CTBT AB A system to selectively detect and quantify the xenon metastable isotopes Xe-131m, Xe-133m, Xe-133, and Xe-135 has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The system combines high-resolution electron and gamma-ray spectrometry with coincidence/anti-coincidence timing for signal selectivity and background rejection. By utilizing X-ray-fluorescence gating, backgrounds from other sources are expected to be reduced to the sub-becquerel level. Coincidence and anti-coincidence triggers are formed from the several individual detectors that comprise the system and used to identify K-shell conversion electrons and fluorescence X-rays from a Cd-109 test source with good efficiencies and energy resolutions (20 keV for the low-energy electrons, similar to1.2 keV for the fluorescence X-rays, respectively). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Coimbra, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Fis, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. Inst Super Engenharia Coimbra, P-3030 Coimbra, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lopes, JAM (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Fis, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. RI matias-lopes, jose/H-6074-2012; OI matias-lopes, jose/0000-0002-6366-2963; Conde, Carlos/0000-0002-1387-2161 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 501 IS 2-3 BP 623 EP 629 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002-(03)00621-1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 677GX UT WOS:000182799500024 ER PT J AU Skuratov, VA Zinkle, SJ Efimov, AE Havancsak, K AF Skuratov, VA Zinkle, SJ Efimov, AE Havancsak, K TI Swift heavy ion-induced modification of Al2O3 and MgO surfaces SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-14) CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL AMELAND, NETHERLANDS DE heavy-ion irradiation; surface; atomic force microscopy; ionizing energy loss; radiation defects; electron microscopy ID IMPACTS AB Surface topography changes in single-crystal alumina and magnesium oxide samples irradiated with 245 MeV Kr and 128-710 MeV Bi ions have been studied by atomic force microscopy. The surface response consists of nanoscale hillock-like defects associated with single ion impact. These defects are observed on the surfaces of Al2O3 and MgO targets at ionizing energy loss values of about 25 and 15.8 keV/nm, respectively, which is less than the expected threshold values of amorphous latent track formation in these materials. Corresponding electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies show no evidence of an amorphous core of the ion track in sapphire irradiated with Bi ions at surface electronic stopping power of 41 keV/nm. Possible mechanisms of hillocks formation, alternative to crystalline-amorphous phase transition are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Ctr Appl Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Solid State Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RP Skuratov, VA (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Ctr Appl Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. EM skuratov@jinr.ru RI Efimov, Anton/A-9229-2012; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 8 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2003 VL 203 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)02197-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 674EP UT WOS:000182624600022 ER PT J AU Belykh, SF Palitsin, VV Veryovkin, IV Adriaens, A Adams, F AF Belykh, SF Palitsin, VV Veryovkin, IV Adriaens, A Adams, F TI Non-additive sputtering of niobium and tantalum as neutral and charged clusters SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-14) CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL AMELAND, NETHERLANDS DE secondary ion emission; atomic and molecular ion bombardment; kinetic energy distribution; non-additive sputtering; niobium; tantalum ID POLYATOMIC PROJECTILES; BOMBARDMENT AB An analysis of available literature data on both positive ion emission from Nb and Ta bombarded with 6 keV/atom. Au-m(-) atomic and molecular ions (m = 1, 2, 3) and positive, ionization probabilities of Nb-n and Ta-n neutral clusters sputtered from the same metals by 5 keV Ar+ ions has been conducted. Dependencies of cluster yields Y-n,Y-m (regardless of charge state) on the number of atoms n in a sputtered particles were found to follow a power law as Y-n,Y-m similar to n(-sigmam) where am decreases with an increase of m. A non-linear enhancement of yields for large Nb-n(+) and Ta-n(+) cluster ions (n > 4) appeared to, be a result of a non-additive process of sputtering rather than of a non-additive process of,their ionization. A manifestation of the non-additive sputtering in kinetic energy distribution of secondary ions was found to be different for atomic and cluster ions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Chem, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. State Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Belykh, SF (reprint author), Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Chem, Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Adriaens, Annemie/F-2520-2013 OI Adriaens, Annemie/0000-0003-4034-1881 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2003 VL 203 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)02212-7 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 674EP UT WOS:000182624600027 ER PT J AU Meyer, FW Krause, HF Vane, CR AF Meyer, FW Krause, HF Vane, CR TI Site-resolved neutralization of slow singly and multiply charged ions during large-angle backscattering collisions with RbI(100) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-14) CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL AMELAND, NETHERLANDS DE ion-surface scattering; highly charged projectile neutralization; RbI; multicharged ions ID QUASI-BINARY COLLISIONS; FRACTION MEASUREMENTS; GRAZING SCATTERING; ENERGY-LOSS; AR IONS; AU(110); SURFACE; PROJECTILES AB Preliminary results are reported of projectile neutralization during 120degrees backscattering from RbI[100] of singly and multiply charged incident ions in the keV energy range. Scattered charge fractions are reported for 4.4 keV Ne8+ and 4.2 keV F. normally incident on the ionic crystal. Collisions associated with scattering from a Rb or I site can be clearly distinguished for each scattered final charge state. Significant differences are observed in the intensities of the higher scattered charge states resulting from collisions with Rb and I sites. In contrast, at the target azimuth orientation of the present measurement, only minor differences in F- yield are observed for hard scattering from the two lattice sites. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyer, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM meyerfw@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2003 VL 203 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)02222-X PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 674EP UT WOS:000182624600037 ER PT J AU Gao, F Henkelman, G Weber, WJ Corrales, LR Jonsson, H AF Gao, F Henkelman, G Weber, WJ Corrales, LR Jonsson, H TI Finding possible transition states of defects in silicon-carbide and alpha-iron using the dimer method SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 23-27, 2002 CL DRESDEN, GERMANY DE dimer method; defects and defect clusters; defect migration; transition states; SiC and Fe ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; INFREQUENT EVENTS; DAMAGE; METALS; IRRADIATION; MOBILITY; ZIRCON AB Energetic primary recoil atoms from ion implantation or fast neutron irradiation produce isolated point defects and clusters of both vacancies and interstitials. The migration energies and mechanisms for these defects are crucial to successful multiscale modeling of microstructural evolution during ion-implantation, thermal annealing, or under irradiation over long periods of time. The dimer method is employed to search for possible transition states of interstitials and small interstitial clusters in SiC and alpha-Fe. The method uses only the first derivatives of the potential energy to find saddle points without knowledge of the final state of the transition. In SiC, the possible migration pathway for the C interstitial is found to consist of the first neighbor jump via a Si site or second neighbor jump, but the relative probability for the second neighbor jump is very low. In alpha-Fe, the possible transition states are studied as a function of interstitial cluster size, and the lowest energy barriers correspond to defect migration along (111) directions. However, this paper addresses whether migrating interstitial clusters can thermally change their direction, and the activation energies and corresponding mechanisms for changing the direction of these clusters are determined. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Henkelman, Graeme/A-9301-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Jonsson, Hannes/G-2267-2013 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Henkelman, Graeme/0000-0002-0336-7153; Jonsson, Hannes/0000-0001-8285-5421 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2003 VL 202 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01822-0 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 665LP UT WOS:000182122500002 ER PT J AU Bringa, EM Wirth, BD Caturla, MJ Stolken, J Kalantar, D AF Bringa, EM Wirth, BD Caturla, MJ Stolken, J Kalantar, D TI Metals far from equilibrium: From shocks to radiation damage SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 23-27, 2002 CL DRESDEN, GERMANY DE shocks; plasticity; He bubbles in Fe; molecular dynamics; kinetic Monte Carlo ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; CASCADE; HELIUM; ALLOYS; COPPER; SPIKE; IRON AB Shock waves and high-energy particle radiation can each drive materials far from thermodynamic equilibrium and enable novel scenarios in the processing of materials. A large number of theoretical and experimental studies of shock deformation have been performed on polycrystalline materials, but shock deformation in single crystals has only recently been studied in some detail. We present molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the shock response of single crystal copper, modeled using an embedded atom potential that reproduces both defect formation and high pressure behavior. Shock-induced plasticity will also be discussed. Predicting the in-service response of ferritic alloys in future fusion energy environments requires, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of defect accumulation and microstructure evolution in harsh radiation environments, which include a high level of He generation concurrent with primary damage production. The second half of this paper describes results of atomistic MD and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the role of He on point defect cluster behaviour and damage accumulation in bcc Fe. The goal of these simulations is to study the mechanisms responsible for the formation of vacancy-He clusters which serve as He bubble and void nuclei in fusion reactor materials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Dir Computat Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bringa, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Dir Computat Mat Sci, POB 808,L-353, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2003 VL 202 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01831-1 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 665LP UT WOS:000182122500010 ER PT J AU Morishita, K Sugano, R Wirth, BD de la Rubia, TD AF Morishita, K Sugano, R Wirth, BD de la Rubia, TD TI Thermal stability of helium-vacancy clusters in iron SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 23-27, 2002 CL DRESDEN, GERMANY DE molecular dynamics calculations; irradiation effects in solids; iron and its alloys; helium; voids (crystal defects) ID MOLYBDENUM; GROWTH AB Molecular dynamics calculations were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of helium vacancy clusters (HenVm) in Fe using the Ackland Finnis-Sinclair potential, the Wilson-Johnson potential and the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark-Beck potential for describing the interactions of Fe-Fe, Fe-He and He-He, respectively. Both the calculated numbers of helium atoms, n, and vacancies, m, in clusters ranged from 0 to 20. The binding energies of an interstitial helium atom, an isolated vacancy and a self-interstitial iron atom to a helium-vacancy cluster were obtained from the calculated formation energies of clusters. All the binding energies do not depend much on cluster size, but they primarily depend on the helium-to-vacancy ratio (n/m) of clusters. The binding energy of a vacancy to a helium-vacancy cluster increases with the ratio, showing that helium increases cluster lifetime by dramatically reducing thermal vacancy emission. On the other hand, both the binding energies of a helium atom and an iron atom to a helium-vacancy cluster decrease with increasing the ratio, indicating that thermal emission of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) (i.e. Frenkel-pair production), as well as thermal helium emission, may take place from the cluster of higher helium-to-vacancy ratios. The thermal stability of clusters is decided by the competitive processes among thermal emission of vacancies, SIAs and helium, depending on the helium-to-vacancy ratio of clusters. The calculated thermal stability of clusters is consistent with the experimental observations of thermal helium desorption from alpha-Fe during post-He-implantation annealing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Morishita, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 15 TC 174 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2003 VL 202 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01832-3 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 665LP UT WOS:000182122500013 ER PT J AU Kubota, A Caturla, MJ Stolken, J Sadigh, B Reyes, S de la Rubia, TD Latkowski, JF AF Kubota, A Caturla, MJ Stolken, J Sadigh, B Reyes, S de la Rubia, TD Latkowski, JF TI Threats to ICF reactor materials: computational simulations of radiation damage induced topological changes in fused silica SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 23-27, 2002 CL DRESDEN, GERMANY DE radiation damage; fused silica; inertial confinement fusion ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; VITREOUS SILICA; SURFACE; GLASS; IRRADIATION; BEHAVIOR; LASER AB We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of radiation damage in fused silica. In this study, we discuss the role of successive cascade overlap on the saturation and self-healing of oxygen vacancy defects in the amorphous fused silica network. Furthermore, we present findings on the topological changes in fused silica due to repeated energetic recoil atoms. These topological network modifications consistent with experimental Raman spectroscopic observation on neutron and ion irradiated fused silica are indicators of permanent densification that has also been observed experimentally. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kubota, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-370, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2003 VL 202 BP 88 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01837-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 665LP UT WOS:000182122500015 ER PT J AU Sloof, GW Knapp, FF van Lingen, A Eersels, J Poldermans, D Bax, JJ AF Sloof, GW Knapp, FF van Lingen, A Eersels, J Poldermans, D Bax, JJ TI Nuclear imaging is more sensitive for the detection of viable myocardium than dobutamine echocardiography SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE myocardial viability; dobutamine; echocardiography; perfusion; FDG; BMIPP ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION; HIBERNATING MYOCARDIUM; CONTRACTILE RESERVE; VIABILITY; REVASCULARIZATION; RECOVERY; SPECT; PREDICTION; METABOLISM; PERFUSION AB Intact perfusion, preserved metabolism of free fatty acids and glucose, and the presence of contractile reserve have been used as markers of viable myocardium. However, not all viable myocardium may exhibit all these characteristics. Accordingly, these features were evaluated in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Fourteen patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease and depressed left ventricular function (LVEF 34+/-10%) perfusion was evaluated by early resting Tl-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), fatty acid utilization by 15-p-[I-123]iodophenyl-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid SPECT, glucose utilization by 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose SPECT and contractile reserve (CR) by dobutamine echocardiography. The comparison of the different modalities was restricted to akinetic or dyskinetic myocardium as assessed by resting 2-dimensional echocardiography. For all techniques a 13-segment model was used. Sixty-four of 182 segments (35%) showed akinesia or dyskinesia. Intact perfusion was found in 33/64 (52%) segments. Fatty acid utilization was maintained in 38/64 (59%) segments and glucose utilization was maintained in 38/64 (59%) segments. CR was present in significantly fewer segments: 21 of 64 (33%) (P<0.01 vs glucose and fatty acid utilization). In the 21 segments with preserved CR, perfusion was intact in 16/21 (76%) segments, fatty acid utilization in 19/21 (90%) segments and glucose utilization was preserved in all (100%) segments. Conversely, in the 43 segments without CR, 17 segments (40%) showed intact perfusion, 19 segments (44%) preserved fatty acid utilization and 17 (40%) still showed preserved glucose utilization. Disagreement in segments between the viability markers was caused mainly by segments without CR but preserved perfusion, fatty acid or glucose utilization. The substantial number of segments with preserved glucose and fatty acid utilization but without contractile reserve, suggests an underestimation of myocardial viability by dobutamine echocardiography. ((C) 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Free Univ Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Brussels, Belgium. Free Univ Hosp, Radio Nuclide Ctr, Brussels, Belgium. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Sloof, GW (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0143-3636 J9 NUCL MED COMMUN JI Nucl. Med. Commun. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1097/01.mnm.0000068305.89730.29 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 677TN UT WOS:000182823800005 PM 12673165 ER PT J AU Gavrin, VN Abdurashitov, JN Bowles, TJ Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Nico, JS Shikhin, AA Teasdale, WA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Wilkerson, JF Yants, VE Zatsepin, GT AF Gavrin, VN Abdurashitov, JN Bowles, TJ Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Nico, JS Shikhin, AA Teasdale, WA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Wilkerson, JF Yants, VE Zatsepin, GT CA SAGE Collaboration TI Measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate in SAGE SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst ID GALLIUM METAL; CONSTRAINTS; MODELS; FLUX; B-8; GNO AB Combined analysis of the data of 92 runs of SAGE during the 12-year period January 1990 through December 2001 gives a capture rate of solar neutrinos with energy more than 233 keV of 70.9(-5.2)(+5.3) (syst.) (+3.7)(-3.2) (syst.) SNU. This represents only 55% of the predicted standard solar model rate of similar to130 SNU. The results of individual runs as well as the results of combined analysis of all runs during yearly, monthly, and bimonthly periods are presented. No compelling evidence for temporal variations is observed. By an analysis of the SAGE results combined with those from all other solar neutrino experiments, we make the first estimate of the electron neutrino pp flux that reaches the Earth to be (4.6 +/- 1.2) X 10(10)/(cm(2) S). Assuming that neutrinos oscillate to active flavors the pp neutrino flux emitted in the solar fusion reaction is approximately (7.6 +/- 2.0) x 10(10)/(cm(2) s), in agreement with the standard solar model calculation of (5.95 +/- 0.06) X 10(10)/(cm(2) S). C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gavrin, VN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, 60Th October Anniversary Prospect 7, Moscow 117312, Russia. RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014; OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01302-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400006 ER PT J AU Naples, D Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Johnson, RA Lamm, MJ McDonald, J Marsh, W Mason, D McFarland, KS McNulty, C Nienaber, P Radescu, V Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tobien, N Tzanov, M Vaitaitis, A Vakili, M Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Naples, D Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Johnson, RA Lamm, MJ McDonald, J Marsh, W Mason, D McFarland, KS McNulty, C Nienaber, P Radescu, V Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tobien, N Tzanov, M Vaitaitis, A Vakili, M Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED TI High energy neutrino scattering results from NuTeV SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; ELECTROWEAK PARAMETERS; NUCLEON-SCATTERING; CHARGE ASYMMETRY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The NuTeV experiment at Fermilab has obtained a unique high statistics sample of neutrino and antineutrino interactions using a novel high-energy sign-selected neutrino beam. Recent results from this sample are presented including a precision measurement of the electroweak parameter sin(2)theta(W), which is observed to be three standard deviations above the standard model prediction. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bernstein, Robert/0000-0002-7610-950X NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01314-8 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400019 ER PT J AU Geer, S AF Geer, S TI Neutrino factory designs and R&D SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst ID OSCILLATION; PHYSICS AB European, Japanese, and US Neutrino Factory designs axe presented. The main R&D issues, and the associated R&D programs, are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01320-3 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400024 ER PT J AU Beacom, JF AF Beacom, JF TI Supernovae and neutrinos SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst ID PROTON ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ART. NO. 033007; CORE-COLLAPSE; POSTBOUNCE EVOLUTION; NU(TAU) NEUTRINOS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; NEUTRAL-CURRENT; MASS SIGNATURE; SPECTRUM; OSCILLATIONS AB A long-standing problem in supernova physics is how to measure the total energy and temperature of nu(mu), nu(tau), nu(mu), and nu(tau). While of the highest importance, this is very difficult because these flavors only have neutral-current detector interactions. We propose that neutrino-proton elastic scattering, nu + p --> nu + p, can be used for the detection of supernova, neutrinos in scintillator detectors. It should be emphasized immediately that the dominant signal is on free protons. Though the proton recoil kinetic energy spectrum is soft, with T-p similar or equal to 2E(nu)(2)/M-p, and the scintillation light output from slow, heavily ionizing protons is quenched, the yield above a realistic threshold is nearly as large as that from nu(e) + p --> e(+) + n. In addition, the measured proton spectrum is related to the incident neutrino spectrum. The ability to detect this signal would give detectors like KamLAND and Borexino a crucial and unique role in the quest to detect supernova, neutrinos. These results are now published: J. F. Beacom, W. M. Farr and P. Vogel, Phys. Rev. D 66, 033001 (2002) [arXiv:hep-ph/0205220]; the details axe given there [1]. C1 NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM beacom@fnal.gov OI Beacom, John/0000-0002-0005-2631 NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01323-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400032 ER PT J AU Cowen, DF Ahrens, J Bai, X Barwick, SW Becka, T Becker, KH Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Binon, F Biron, A Boser, S Botner, O Bouhali, O Burgess, T Carius, S Castermans, T Chen, A Chirkin, D Conrad, J Cooley, J Cowen, DF Davour, A De Clercq, C DeYoung, T Desiati, P Dewulf, JP Doksus, P Ekstrom, P Feser, T Gaisser, TK Gaug, M Gerhardt, L Goldschmidt, A Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, R Hauschildt, T Hellwig, M Herquet, P Hill, GC Hulth, PO Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Karle, A Koci, B Kopke, L Kuehn, K Kowalski, M Lamoureux, JI Leich, H Leuthold, M Lindahl, P Liubarsky, I Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, HS McParland, CP Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Morse, R Nahnhauer, R Neunhoffer, T Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H Olbrechts, P de los Heros, CP Pohl, AC Price, PB Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Richter, S Martino, JR Ross, D Sander, HG Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Sudhoff, P Sulanke, KH Taboada, I Thollander, L Tilav, S Walck, C Weinheimer, C Wiebusch, CH Wiedermann, C Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Yodh, G Young, S AF Cowen, DF Ahrens, J Bai, X Barwick, SW Becka, T Becker, KH Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Binon, F Biron, A Boser, S Botner, O Bouhali, O Burgess, T Carius, S Castermans, T Chen, A Chirkin, D Conrad, J Cooley, J Cowen, DF Davour, A De Clercq, C DeYoung, T Desiati, P Dewulf, JP Doksus, P Ekstrom, P Feser, T Gaisser, TK Gaug, M Gerhardt, L Goldschmidt, A Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, R Hauschildt, T Hellwig, M Herquet, P Hill, GC Hulth, PO Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Karle, A Koci, B Kopke, L Kuehn, K Kowalski, M Lamoureux, JI Leich, H Leuthold, M Lindahl, P Liubarsky, I Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, HS McParland, CP Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Morse, R Nahnhauer, R Neunhoffer, T Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H Olbrechts, P de los Heros, CP Pohl, AC Price, PB Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Richter, S Martino, JR Ross, D Sander, HG Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Sudhoff, P Sulanke, KH Taboada, I Thollander, L Tilav, S Walck, C Weinheimer, C Wiebusch, CH Wiedermann, C Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Yodh, G Young, S CA AMANDA Collaboration TI Results from the antarctic Muon and neutrino detector array SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; COSMIC-RAYS; FLUX; ICE AB We show new results from both the older and newer incarnations of AMANDA (AMANDA-B10 and AMANDA-II, respectively). These results demonstrate that AMANDA is a functioning, multipurpose detector with significant physics and astrophysics reach. They include a new higher-statistics measurement of the atmospheric muon neutrino flux and preliminary results from searches for a variety of sources of ultrahigh energy neutrinos: generic point sources, gamma-ray bursters and diffuse sources producing muons in the detector, and diffuse sources producing electromagnetic or hadronic showers in or near the detector. C1 Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys 8, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Free Univ Brussels, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Uppsala Univ, Div High Energy Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Stockholm, SCFAB, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Kalmar Univ, Dept Technol, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. RP Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RI Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014 OI Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01335-5 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400039 ER PT J AU Karle, A AF Karle, A TI IceCube - the next generation neutrino telescope at the South Pole SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS AB IceCube is a large neutrino telescope of the next generation to be constructed in the Antarctic Ice Sheet near the South Pole. We present the conceptual design and the sensitivity of the IceCube detector to predicted fluxes of neutrinos, both atmospheric and extra-terrestrial. A complete simulation of the detector design has been used to study the detector's capability to search for neutrinos from sources such as active galaxies, and gamma-ray bursts. C1 Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys 8, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Free Univ Brussels, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Uppsala Univ, Div High Energy Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, SCFAB, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. So Univ & A&M Coll, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RP Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RI Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; OI Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01337-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400041 ER PT J AU Kayser, B AF Kayser, B TI Neutrino physics: Where do we stand, and where are we going? The theoretical-phenomenological perspective SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; CPT VIOLATION; OSCILLATIONS; SNO; REACTOR; SEARCH; MATTER; LSND AB The discoveries and open questions in neutrino physics, as reported at Neutrino 2002 and more recently, are reviewed from a theoretical perspective. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS106,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM boris@fnal.gov NR 59 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 425 EP 437 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01790-0 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400045 ER PT J AU Hamer, AS AF Hamer, AS CA SNO Collaboration TI Calibration of the SNO detector SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hamer, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 441 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01342-2 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400046 ER PT J AU Dragowsky, MR Hime, A Simpson, JJ AF Dragowsky, MR Hime, A Simpson, JJ CA SNO Collaboration TI Neutron calibration for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Dragowsky, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MailStop H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 442 EP 442 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01343-4 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400047 ER PT J AU Boulay, MG AF Boulay, MG TI Event reconstruction in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-30, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Techn Univ Munchen, Max Planck Inst Phys, Werner Heisenberg Inst C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Boulay, MG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 118 BP 443 EP 443 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01344-6 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677GW UT WOS:000182799400048 ER PT J AU Semertzidis, YK AF Semertzidis, YK TI Measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment to 0.7 ppm SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 25-31, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; PION-POLE CONTRIBUTION; BY-LIGHT SCATTERING; HADRONIC CONTRIBUTIONS; G-2 EXPERIMENT; ALPHA(M-Z(2)); FREQUENCY; FIELD; NMR AB The experimental method together with the analysis method and results of the data taken in 2000 and prospects of the muon anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moment experiments axe presented here. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Semertzidis, YK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 117 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01428-2 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677UT UT WOS:000182826900024 ER PT J AU Loew, G AF Loew, G TI Review of linear colliders in the framework of future world accelerators SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 25-31, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB The HEP communities in three major regions, Asia, Europe and North America, have recently agreed that experimental particle physics in the next twenty years will be greatly enriched if an e(+)e(-) linear collider were to be available in the TeV c.m. energy range to supplement the opportunities offered by the LHC. This abridged paper of a longer oral presentation at ICHEP 2002 outlines several current design options for such an e(+)e(-) linear collider, which are presently under intense study by the International Linear Collider Technical Review Committee (ILC-TRC). C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Loew, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 117 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)01429-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677UT UT WOS:000182826900025 ER PT J AU Roberts, RJ Belfort, M Bestor, T Bhagwat, AS Bickle, TA Bitinaite, J Blumenthal, RM Degtyarev, SK Dryden, DTF Dybvig, K Firman, K Gromova, ES Gumport, RI Halford, SE Hattman, S Heitman, J Hornby, DP Janulaitis, A Jeltsch, A Josephsen, J Kiss, A Klaenhammer, TR Kobayashi, I Kong, HM Kruger, DH Lacks, S Marinus, MG Miyahara, M Morgan, RD Murray, NE Nagaraja, V Piekarowicz, A Pingoud, A Raleigh, E Rao, DN Reich, N Repin, VE Selker, EU Shaw, PC Stein, DC Stoddard, BL Szybalski, W Trautner, TA Van Etten, JL Vitor, JMB Wilson, GG Xu, SY AF Roberts, RJ Belfort, M Bestor, T Bhagwat, AS Bickle, TA Bitinaite, J Blumenthal, RM Degtyarev, SK Dryden, DTF Dybvig, K Firman, K Gromova, ES Gumport, RI Halford, SE Hattman, S Heitman, J Hornby, DP Janulaitis, A Jeltsch, A Josephsen, J Kiss, A Klaenhammer, TR Kobayashi, I Kong, HM Kruger, DH Lacks, S Marinus, MG Miyahara, M Morgan, RD Murray, NE Nagaraja, V Piekarowicz, A Pingoud, A Raleigh, E Rao, DN Reich, N Repin, VE Selker, EU Shaw, PC Stein, DC Stoddard, BL Szybalski, W Trautner, TA Van Etten, JL Vitor, JMB Wilson, GG Xu, SY TI A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE RD; MODIFICATION SYSTEM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RECOGNITION SITES; PURIFICATION; METHYLASES; CLEAVAGE; CLONING; ECOP15I; BINDING AB A nomenclature is described for restriction endonucleases, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and related genes and gene products. It provides explicit categories for the many different Type II enzymes now identified and provides a system for naming the putative genes found by sequence analysis of microbial genomes. C1 New England Biolabs Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Mol Genet Program, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10032 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Basel, Biozentrum, Dept Microbiol, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Med Coll Ohio, Program Bioinformat & Proteom Genom, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. SibEnzyme, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Alabama, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Sch Biol Sci, Biophys Lab, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Bristol, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Inst Biotechnol, LT-2028 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Giessen, Inst Biochem, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Dairy & Food Sci, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Biol Res Ctr, Inst Biochem, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Dept Mol Biol, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. Humboldt Univ, Inst Virol Charite, D-10098 Berlin, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Midlothian, Scotland. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Microbiol & Cell Biol, IN-560012 Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Warsaw Univ, Inst Microbiol, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vektor, Koltsov 633059, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. Univ Oregon, Inst Mol Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biochem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Wisconsin, McArdle Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Fac Farm Lisboa, P-1500083 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Roberts, RJ (reprint author), New England Biolabs Inc, 32 Tozer Rd, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RI Kiss, Antal/A-1656-2008; Gromova, Elizaveta/I-6305-2012; Jeltsch, Albert/O-7404-2014; OI Jeltsch, Albert/0000-0001-6113-9290; Roberts, Richard/0000-0002-4348-0169; Belfort, Marlene/0000-0002-1592-5618; Raleigh, Elisabeth A./0000-0003-0745-9925; Vitor, Jorge/0000-0001-6486-3444 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM063790-01A1] NR 35 TC 358 Z9 371 U1 6 U2 53 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1805 EP 1812 DI 10.1093/nar/gkg274 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 666DE UT WOS:000182160900001 PM 12654995 ER PT J AU Qian, SN Takacs, PZ AF Qian, SN Takacs, PZ TI Equal optical path beamsplitter for a pencil beam interferometer and shearing interferometer SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE equal optical path; beamsplitter; pencil beam interferometer; long trace profiler; shearing ID LONG-TRACE-PROFILER AB To produce stable beams used by pencil beam interferometers, a new equal optical path beamsplitter (EBS) is developed. The beamsplitter divides one incident pencil beam into two parallel exiting beams with a fixed separation. The new EBS is a monolithic unit comE-mail: prised of two right-angle trapezoidal prisms with a thin film beamsplitting coating on the faces, which are cemented together. Adjusting the dimensions of each element according to a simple algebraic relation produces two identical, parallel beams separated by a fixed distance with a zero optical path difference between them. The monolithic EBS is very simple and stable. It has applications in interferometers that require the use of a pencil beam source, such as the long trace profiler (LTP) and the precise angle monitor. If a large-diameter wavefront is incident on the EBS, it can be used in shearing interferometer applications, such as the lateral translation shearing interferometer and the rotational shearing interferometer. Use of the EBS in all of these configurations significantly improves instrument stability and accuracy. Some application examples and test results are presented. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 535 B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2003 VL 42 IS 4 BP 929 EP 934 DI 10.1117/1.1555733 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 666UE UT WOS:000182194200008 ER PT J AU Lashley, MR Dicus, CW Brown, K Nantz, MH AF Lashley, MR Dicus, CW Brown, K Nantz, MH TI Synthesis of alpha-hydroxytamoxifen and its 4-hydroxy analog SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TAMOXIFEN-DNA-ADDUCTS; BREAST-CANCER; N-DESMETHYLTAMOXIFEN; RAT HEPATOCYTES; ALDOL REACTION; IDENTIFICATION; LIVER; ENDOMETRIUM; ACTIVATION C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nantz, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mhnantz@ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 USA SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 661LP UT WOS:000181892300008 ER PT J AU Pint, BA More, KL Wright, IG AF Pint, BA More, KL Wright, IG TI Effect of quaternary additions on the oxidation behavior of Hf-doped NiAl SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE NiAl; high-temperature oxidation; reactive-element effect; hafnium; bond coats ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; ALUMINIDE COATINGS; SCALE ADHESION; HOT CORROSION; BASE ALLOYS; CR ALLOYS; RESISTANCE; AL; DIFFUSION; SEGREGATION AB Cast model alloys, based on beta-NiAl+0.05at.%Hf were used to study the effects on oxidation behavior of elements that are commonly present in low-activity aluminide bond coatings on single-crystal, Ni-base superalloys. Single additions of Re, Ti, To, and Cr were examined in cyclic and isothermal exposures at 1100 to 1200degreesC in order to determine their effect on the oxide growth rate and resistance to scale spallation. With 1 at.% additions, all of these elements were found to be detrimental to the oxidation performance of the base NiAl + Hf alloy. Additions of Re and Cr were found to form second-phase precipitates in the alloy, which appeared to lead to scale spallation, while additions of Ti and Ta were internally oxidized and incorporated into the scale as grain-boundary segregants. These results suggest that it is necessary to minimize the levels of these types of elements that enter Hf-modified aluminide coatings by using process modifications or a diffusion barrier. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintaba@ornl.gov RI Wright, Ian/A-8300-2008; Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 59 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD APR PY 2003 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 283 DI 10.1023/A:1023087926788 PG 27 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 672YH UT WOS:000182551100004 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT Jones, SA Walker, AB AF Klasson, KT Jones, SA Walker, AB TI Research note: Measurement of ozone via an indirect gas chromatography method SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ozone; ozone analysis; gas-phase ozone measurement; gas chromatography; indirect analysis; indigo blue; carbon dioxide AB Gas chromatography was used to measure the ozone concentration in oxygen produced by an ozone generator. In this indirect method, the ozone reacts with the coating of the capillary column and produces carbon dioxide, which is then detected. The primary methods of calibration for this technique were based on a wet-chemistry process and absorption of ultraviolet light. This finding also is important if the primary reason for using gas chromatography is detection of carbon dioxide, as artificially high readings of carbon dioxide would be measured in the presence of ozone. The method was tested for ozone concentrations of 3-70 mg/L but the method should also be applicable to higher concentrations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1080/713610670 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 809XL UT WOS:000220669300008 ER PT J AU Kadau, K Gruner, M Entel, P Kreth, M AF Kadau, K Gruner, M Entel, P Kreth, M TI Modeling structural and magnetic phase transitions in iron-nickel nanoparticles SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Selforganizing Nanostructures and Magnetic Heterostructures CY NOV 28-29, 2001 CL GERHARD MERCATOR UNIV, DUISBURG, GERMANY SP DGF, Minist Sci & Educ Nordrhein Westfalen, Konrad Krieger Stift HO GERHARD MERCATOR UNIV DE martensitic and magnetic phase transitions; iron-nickel nanoparticles; molecular-dynamics; Monte Carlo simulations ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SMALL PARTICLES; GAMMA-FE; ALLOYS; CLUSTERS; TEMPERATURE; MARTENSITE; METALS AB Martensitic phase transformations and magnetovolume effects in iron-nickel alloys are intimately related. The term Invar is widely used to characterize the unusual physical properties accompanying structural and magnetic instabilities such as those observed in the vicinity of the critical composition Fe65Ni35. We discuss the crossover from bulk iron-nickel alloys to nanoparticles with respect to structural and magnetic behavior. By employing molecular-dynamics and Monte Carlo methods, we find the absence of structural instabilities in defect-free particles, a linear scaling of the austenitic transformation temperature with the reciprocal cluster radius, as well as a decrease of the magnetic transition temperature with decreasing particle size. C1 Gerhard Mercator Univ, Inst Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gerhard Mercator Univ, Inst Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. EM entel@thp.uni-duisburg.de RI Gruner, Markus/D-9726-2011 OI Gruner, Markus/0000-0002-2306-1258 NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 EI 1029-0338 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 76 IS 4-5 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1080/0141159021000051433 PN B PG 11 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 676EX UT WOS:000182739300007 ER PT J AU Wills, AS Detlefs, C Canfield, PC AF Wills, AS Detlefs, C Canfield, PC TI Symmetry analysis of the interplay between local moment anisotropies and propagation vectors in the borocarbides SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; HONI2B2C; TMNI2B2C; GDNI2B2C; TBNI2B2C; ERNI2B2C; STATE AB Representational analysis is used to examine the interplay between Fermi surface nesting and local moment effects in the formation of the magnetically ordered states of the rare-earth nickel borocarbides, RNi2B2C. We derive compatibility tables for the propagation wavevector k, the local moment anisotropy and the ordered moment direction mu(k) for materials with this tetragonal crystal structure. The magnetic structures observed in the rare-earth nickel borocarbides are discussed in this context. C1 CEA, Serv Phys Stat Magnetisme & Supraconduct, F-38054 Grenoble, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wills, AS (reprint author), CEA, Serv Phys Stat Magnetisme & Supraconduct, F-38054 Grenoble, France. EM a.s.wills@ucl.ac.uk; detlefs@esrf.fr RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Wills, Andrew/C-1622-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1227 EP 1234 DI 10.1080/1478643031000077702 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 660TU UT WOS:000181850100004 ER PT J AU An, JM Rosner, H Savrasov, SY Pickett, WE AF An, JM Rosner, H Savrasov, SY Pickett, WE TI Vibrational modes in LiBC: theory and experiment SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hiroshima Workshop on Transport and Thermal Properties of Advanced Materials CY AUG 16-19, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA UNIV, HIGADHI HIROSHIMA, JAPAN HO HIROSHIMA UNIV DE lithium borocarbide; phonons; linear response; Raman; infrared; magnesium diboride ID LINEAR-RESPONSE THEORY; MGB2; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ANHARMONICITY; SCATTERING AB The search for other superconductors in the MgB2 class currently is focussed on Li1-xBC, which when hole-doped (concentration x) should be a metal with the potential to be a better superconductor than MgB2. Here we present the calculated phonon spectrum of the parent semiconductor LiBC. The calculated Raman-active modes are in excellent agreement with a recent observation, and comparison of calculated IR-active modes with a recent report provides a prediction of the LO-TO splitting for these four modes, which is small for the B-C bond stretching mode at similar to1200 cm(-1), but large for clearly resolved modes at 540 and 620 cm(-1). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Pickett, WE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pickett@yclept.ucdavis.edu RI Savrasov, Sergey/M-7157-2015 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR PY 2003 VL 328 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 AR PII S0921-4526(02)01796-9 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01796-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 657PC UT WOS:000181674700002 ER PT J AU Kang, JS Haffner, S Olson, CG Kim, JH Maple, MB Kwon, SK Min, BI AF Kang, JS Haffner, S Olson, CG Kim, JH Maple, MB Kwon, SK Min, BI TI Angle-resolved valence-band photoemission study of the quenched superconductors: (Y1-xPrxBa2CuO7-delta)-O-3 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hiroshima Workshop on Transport and Thermal Properties of Advanced Materials CY AUG 16-19, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA UNIV, HIGADHI HIROSHIMA, JAPAN HO HIROSHIMA UNIV DE photoemission; PrBa2Cu3O7-delta; quenched superconductivity; electronic structure ID FERMI-SURFACE TOPOLOGY; UNTWINNED PRBA2CU3O7; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CUO2 PLANE; Y1-XPRXBA2CU3O7-DELTA; SUPPRESSION; STATE; PR AB The electronic structures of the quenched superconductivity system Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-delta (YPrBCO; x = 0, 0.4, 0.8) have been investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). With increasing x, the ARPES spectra along (&UGamma;) over bar -->(S) over bar exhibit a binding energy shift away from E-F and a pronounced decrease in the density of electronic states near E-F, suggesting an enhanced size of the Fermi wave vector k(F) from S for x = 0.4, as compared to x = 0. The ARPES results have been compared with the LSDA + U electronic structure calculations incorporating the spin- orbit interaction for PrBa2Cu3O7. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Kang, JS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. EM kangjs@catholic.ac.kr NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR PY 2003 VL 328 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 19 AR PII S0921-4526(02)01799-4 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01799-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 657PC UT WOS:000181674700005 ER PT J AU Lewis, LH Kim, J Barmak, K AF Lewis, LH Kim, J Barmak, K TI The CoPt system: a natural exchange spring SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Materials CY OCT 02-04, 2002 CL HA LONG BAY, VIETNAM SP Vietnam Phys Soc, Natl Ctr Nat Sci & Technol, Vietnam Natl Univ DE order-disorder transitions; permanent magnets; exchange in magnetically ordered materials ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; FILMS; PHASE AB Ferromagnetic "exchange-spring" nanocomposite systems derive their technical magnetic properties, such as the rentanence and coercivity, from the details of the interphase coupling between the magnetically soft component and the magnetically hard component. An ideal model material for the study of the interphase interactions in exchange-spring systems is the CoPt system in thin-film form. Depending on the details of post-deposition annealing treatment, CoPt consists of two phases in varying proportions: the chemically disordered Al phase with low coercivity and the chemically ordered L1(0) phase with high coercivity. Coupled magnetic and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal simple relationships between the volume percent of ordered L1(0) phase, coercivity and the magnetic exchange within the samples. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Barmak, Katayun/A-9804-2008 OI Barmak, Katayun/0000-0003-0070-158X NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR PY 2003 VL 327 IS 2-4 BP 190 EP 193 AR PII S0921-4526(02)01725-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01725-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 657CY UT WOS:000181648900014 ER PT J AU Olshanetsky, E Pilla, M Caldwell, JD Bowers, CR Simmons, JA Reno, JL AF Olshanetsky, E Pilla, M Caldwell, JD Bowers, CR Simmons, JA Reno, JL TI Temperature dependence of electrically detected ESR at filling factor v=1 in a 2DEG SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superlattices Nano-Structures and Nano-Devices (ICSNN-02) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE DE electron spin resonance; quantum Hall effect AB Electrically detected electron spin resonance (ESR) was measured as a function of temperature for 0.3-4.2 K in a AlGaAs/GaAs, multiple quantum well sample at filling factor v = 1. The ESR amplitude exhibits a maximum at about 2.2 K and vanishes with increased or decreased temperature. To explain the observed temperature dependence of the signal amplitude, the signal amplitude temperature dependence is calculated assuming a model based on heating. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olshanetsky, E (reprint author), Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD APR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 320 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00823-8 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 675ND UT WOS:000182700700114 ER PT J AU Serres, A Respaud, M Benassayag, G Armand, C Pesant, JC Mari, A Liliental-Weber, Z Claverie, A AF Serres, A Respaud, M Benassayag, G Armand, C Pesant, JC Mari, A Liliental-Weber, Z Claverie, A TI Synthesis of MnAs ferromagnets by Mn+ ion implantation SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superlattices Nano-Structures and Nano-Devices (ICSNN-02) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE DE MnAs ferromagnets; ion implantation AB Ferromagnetic (FM) nanostructures embedded in semiconductors are attracting interest because their physical properties could be used in new devices such as memories, sensors or more generally involving "spintronics". In this work, we will present experimental results on the influence of the thermal annealing on the structural and magnetic properties of nanosized MnAs ferromagnets buried in GaAs. These nanocrystals have been obtained by Mn+As co-implantation at a, dose of 2 x 10(16) ions cm(-2) for each species, performed at room temperature into GaAs wafers followed by thermal annealing at 750degreesC. Increasing the duration of the annealing process (t(anneal) = 15,60, and 120 s) leads to a reduction of the Mn atomic densities. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and diffraction analysis exhibit unambiguously a population of MnAs precipitates located at the projected range. Their mean diameters are ranged from 8 to 10 nm as t(anneal) is longer. The nanocrystals display the expected ferromagnetic behavior with Curie temperatures in the range of 360 K. The extracted spontaneous magnetizations from the FM response are found slightly smaller than expected for the bulk phase, probably due to a small fraction of diluted Mn. The influence of the nanoparticle size histogram and concentration on the superparamagnetic behavior is briefly discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CNRS, CEMES, F-31055 Toulouse 2, France. CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPMC,UMR 8530, F-31077 Toulouse, France. INSA, F-31077 Toulouse, France. CNRS, IEMN, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. CNRS, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Serres, A (reprint author), CNRS, CEMES, 29 Rue J Marvig BP4347, F-31055 Toulouse 2, France. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; BEN ASSAYAG, Gerard/A-8742-2008 OI BEN ASSAYAG, Gerard/0000-0001-8634-8814 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD APR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1016/S1086-9477(02)00815-9 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 675ND UT WOS:000182700700129 ER PT J AU Armen, GB Kanter, EP Krassig, B Levin, JC Southworth, SH Young, L AF Armen, GB Kanter, EP Krassig, B Levin, JC Southworth, SH Young, L TI Threshold krypton charge-state distributions coincident with K-shell fluorescence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID AUGER DECAY; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; ELECTRON-ION; ARGON; EXCITATION; SPECTRA; ATOMS; PHOTOIONIZATION; AUTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Measurements of Krq+ yields in coincidence with K-shell fluorescence, as incident x-ray energy is varied across the K-shell threshold, are reported. Near threshold, we observe slight variations in the branching ratios as a function of energy, which are connected with the different behaviors of the flux-normalized partial yields for each q. The lower-q yields show a resonance peak near threshold superimposed on a smoothly rising edge, whereas the higher-q yields show only a smooth rise. A simple model is developed which accounts for these features, incorporating both the threshold photoexcitation and the cascade behavior of the spectator electrons. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Armen, GB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 042718 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.042718 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673WY UT WOS:000182604300082 ER PT J AU Benredjem, D Kuba, J Moller, C Zabaydullin, OZ AF Benredjem, D Kuba, J Moller, C Zabaydullin, OZ TI Modeling of saturation and refraction in x-ray lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NM; AMPLIFICATION; RADIATION; BUILDUP AB We model an experiment in which an iron slab target is irradiated by superimposing the six beams of the LULI facility onto a 22 mmx100 mum focal line. The driving laser is composed of two Gaussian pulses of 130-ps duration (full width at half maximum), preceded by a prepulse. A strong enhancement of the 3p-3s 0-1 x-ray line at 25.5 nm in neonlike iron was observed. Saturation is attained for plasma lengths near 1 cm. A ray-trace code working as a postprocessor to a hydroatomic code is used to model the x-ray laser beam refraction due to the variation of the electron density versus the distance to the target surface. Knowing the hydrodynamic conditions, i.e., electron density, and electron and ion temperatures, along the ray paths, the radiative transfer equation, and the population equations are solved self-consistently by using a Maxwell-Bloch approach. A more tractable approach, requiring also the intensity of saturation as a function of time and space, is also presented. In this case, calculation time is much less than in the Maxwell-Bloch approach. C1 Univ Paris 11, Ctr Orsay, Lab Interact Rayonnement X Avec Mat, UMR 8624, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Inst Nucl Fus, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Benredjem, D (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Ctr Orsay, Lab Interact Rayonnement X Avec Mat, UMR 8624, Batiment 350, F-91405 Orsay, France. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 043816 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.043816 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673WY UT WOS:000182604300125 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Habib, S Jacobs, K AF Bhattacharya, T Habib, S Jacobs, K TI Continuous quantum measurement and the quantum to classical transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK-CONTROL; STATE DIFFUSION; KICKED ROTOR; SYSTEMS; CHAOS; LOCALIZATION; DECOHERENCE; EMERGENCE; DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENT AB While ultimately they are described by quantum mechanics, macroscopic mechanical systems are nevertheless observed to follow the trajectories predicted by classical mechanics. Hence, in the regime defining macroscopic physics, the trajectories of the correct classical motion must emerge from quantum mechanics, a process referred to as the quantum to classical transition. Extending previous work [Bhattacharya, Habib, and Jacobs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4852 (2000)], here we elucidate this transition in some detail, showing that once the measurement processes that affect all macroscopic systems are taken into account, quantum mechanics indeed predicts the emergence of classical motion. We derive inequalities that describe the parameter regime in which classical motion is obtained, and provide numerical examples. We also demonstrate two further important properties of the classical limit: first, that multiple observers all agree on the motion of an object, and second, that classical statistical inference may be used to correctly track the classical motion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 042103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.042103 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673WY UT WOS:000182604300024 ER PT J AU Kim, YH AF Kim, YH TI Single-photon two-qubit entangled states: Preparation and measurement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; LIGHT AB We implement experimentally a deterministic method to prepare and measure the so-called single-photon two-qubit entangled states or single-photon Bell states, in which the polarization and the spatial modes of a single photon each represent a quantum bit. All four single-photon Bell states can be easily prepared and measured deterministically using linear optical elements alone. We also discuss how this method can be used for the recently proposed single-photon two-qubit quantum cryptography scheme. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci & Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci & Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kimy@ornl.gov RI Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013; Kim, Yoonho/D-2591-2012; Chekhova, Maria/A-4659-2017 OI Chekhova, Maria/0000-0002-3399-2101 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 040301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.040301 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673WY UT WOS:000182604300001 ER PT J AU McCurdy, CW Isaacs, WA Meyer, HD Rescigno, TN AF McCurdy, CW Isaacs, WA Meyer, HD Rescigno, TN TI Resonant vibrational excitation of CO2 by electron impact: Nuclear dynamics on the coupled components of the (2)Pi(u) resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULE-SCATTERING; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; BOOMERANG MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STATES; HCL AB We report the results of a fully ab initio study of resonant vibrational excitation of CO2 by electron impact via the 3.8 eV (2)Pi(u) shape resonance. First, we solve the fixed-nuclei, electronic scattering problem using the complex Kohn variational method to produce resonance parameters for both the (2)A(1) and B-2(1) components of the resonance for a variety of symmetric-stretch geometries and for a range of bending angles. The nuclear dynamics associated with the two components of the resonance are coupled by Renner-Teller coupling. We carry out a two-mode treatment of the nuclear dynamics in a complex local potential model using the complex resonance energy surfaces derived from our calculated fixed-nuclei cross sections with Renner-Teller coupling. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP McCurdy, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Meyer, Hans-Dieter/B-5611-2008 OI Meyer, Hans-Dieter/0000-0003-1365-0144 NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 042708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.042708 PG 19 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673WY UT WOS:000182604300072 ER PT J AU Papenbrock, T AF Papenbrock, T TI Ground-state properties of hard-core bosons in one-dimensional harmonic traps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAS; CONFINEMENT AB The one-particle density matrices for hard-core bosons in a one-dimensional harmonic trap are computed numerically for systems with up to 160 bosons. Diagonalization of the density matrix shows that the many-body ground state is not Bose-Einstein condensed. The ground-state occupation, the amplitude of the lowest natural orbital, and the zero momentum peak height scale as powers of the particle number, and the corresponding exponents are related to each other. Close to its diagonal, the density matrix for hard-core bosons is similar to that of noninteracting fermions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 041601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.041601 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673WY UT WOS:000182604300011 ER PT J AU Peshkin, M AF Peshkin, M TI Spin and statistics in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics: The spin-zero case SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INDISTINGUISHABILITY; PARTICLES AB It is proved from stated assumptions of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics based on the Schrodinger equation that identical spin-zero particles must obey symmetric statistics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peshkin, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 042102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.042102 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673WY UT WOS:000182604300023 ER PT J AU Tran, CQ Chantler, CT Barnea, Z Paterson, D Cookson, DJ AF Tran, CQ Chantler, CT Barnea, Z Paterson, D Cookson, DJ TI Measurement of the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient and the imaginary part of the form factor of silicon using synchrotron radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; MATCHED ION CHAMBERS; PHOTOELECTRIC ABSORPTION; MONITORING FLUCTUATIONS; POWDER DIFFRACTOMETER; RESOLUTION; PRECISION; SI AB We used the x-ray extended-range technique to measure the x-ray mass attenuation coefficients of silicon with an accuracy between 0.27% and 0.5% in the 5 keV-20 keV energy range. Subtraction of the x-ray scattering contribution enabled us to derive the corresponding x-ray photoelectric absorption coefficients and determine the absolute value of the imaginary part of the atomic form factor of silicon. Discrepancies between the experimental values of the mass attenuation coefficients and theoretically calculated values are discussed. New approaches to the theoretical calculation will be required to match the precision and accuracy of the experimental results. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, SRI CAT, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Mat CARS CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RI Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013; Tran, Chanh/M-7868-2015 OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048; NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 042716 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.042716 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673WY UT WOS:000182604300080 ER PT J AU Baer, BJ Cynn, H Iota, V Yoo, CS Shen, GY AF Baer, BJ Cynn, H Iota, V Yoo, CS Shen, GY TI Phase diagram and equation of state of praseodymium at high pressures and temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; CERIUM METAL; GPA; TRANSITION AB The phase diagram for praseodymium (Pr) has been determined for pressures between 5 and 60 GPa and temperatures between 295 and 830 K using both in situ energy- and angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction with externally heated diamond-anvil cells. Mineral oil and argon were alternatively used as pressure media in order to compare conflicting results in the literature and to ensure the validity of mineral oil as an inert medium. Evidence for the presence of an, as yet, unidentified phase (denoted Pr-VI) above 675 K has been observed, whereas no compelling evidence has been observed for the existence of the recently reported monoclinic phase (Pr-V). The new constraints of the phase diagram, therefore, suggest that the phase transitions occur as Pr-I(dhcp)-->Pr-II(fcc)-->Pr-VI-->Pr-IV(alpha-U) above approximately 700 K. Additionally, there is a Pr-III(distorted fcc), Pr-VI, and Pr-IV triple point at approximately 675 K and 23.8 GPa. Temperature-dependent equations of state have been determined, allowing the temperature-dependent volume collapse at the transition between Pr-III and Pr-IV to be calculated. We report a linear decrease of the volume collapse along the Pr-III to Pr-IV boundary with temperature, DeltaV/V (%)=16.235-0.0156[T(K)]; the extrapolation indicates that the volume collapse should vanish well below the melting point. With the temperature-dependent equation of state data and new phase diagram we demonstrate that the volume collapse can be accounted for by a change in the multiplicity of Pr atoms as the f electrons go from localized to itinerant. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baer, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134115 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100042 ER PT J AU Boukhvalov, DW Kurmaev, EZ Moewes, A Zatsepin, DA Cherkashenko, VM Nemnonov, SN Finkelstein, LD Yarmoshenko, YM Neumann, M Dobrovitski, VV Katsnelson, MI Lichtenstein, AI Harmon, BN Kogerler, P AF Boukhvalov, DW Kurmaev, EZ Moewes, A Zatsepin, DA Cherkashenko, VM Nemnonov, SN Finkelstein, LD Yarmoshenko, YM Neumann, M Dobrovitski, VV Katsnelson, MI Lichtenstein, AI Harmon, BN Kogerler, P TI Electronic structure of magnetic molecules V-15: LSDA+U calculations, x-ray emissions, and photoelectron spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN SYSTEM; CLUSTERS; CRYSTAL; LIGHT AB The electronic structure of magnetic molecules of the type V-15 (isolated as a cluster compound K-6[V15As6O42(H2O)].8H(2)O) has been studied using local spin density approximation (LSDA)+U band structure calculations, and by measurements of x-ray photoelectron (valence band, core levels) and x-ray fluorescence spectra (vanadium Kbeta(5) and L-2,L-3, and oxygen Kalpha). Experiments confirm that vanadium ions are tetravalent in V-15, and their local atomic structure is close to that of CaV3O7. Comparison of experimental data with the results of electronic structure calculations show that the LSDA+U method provides a description of the electronic structure of V-15 which agrees well with experiments. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Boukhvalov, DW (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; Yarmoshenko, Yuri/E-9531-2011; Kurmaev, Ernst/J-4254-2013; Nechkina, Larisa/J-5974-2013; Zatsepin, Dmitry/F-5520-2012; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; Lichtenstein, Alexander/K-8730-2012 OI Yarmoshenko, Yuri/0000-0001-8971-2052; Kurmaev, Ernst/0000-0003-4625-4930; Nechkina, Larisa/0000-0002-6268-7958; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Lichtenstein, Alexander/0000-0003-0152-7122 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134408 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100063 ER PT J AU Caspi, EN Jorgensen, JD Lobanov, MV Greenblatt, M AF Caspi, EN Jorgensen, JD Lobanov, MV Greenblatt, M TI Structural disorder and magnetic frustration in ALaMnMoO(6) (A=Ba, Sr) double perovskites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-GLASS BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SR2FEMOO6; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSITION; LAMNO3 AB The crystal and magnetic structures of the ALaMnMoO(6) (A=Ba,Sr) double perovskites have been studied. The Sr compound is monoclinic (space-group P2(1)/n) and does not exhibit long-range magnetic order. The crystal lattice of the Ba compound is pseudocubic, although detailed analysis of neutron diffraction spectra together with the synchrotron diffraction data reveal a slight triclinic distortion (space-group I (1) over bar). The magnitude of the tilting distortion is significantly reduced compared to the Sr compound. Ferrimagnetic order is observed below 80(10) K. The refined Mn moment is 1.35(7)mu(B) at 4 K, suggesting that the ordered moment is reduced by strong frustration effects. This frustration is discussed in terms of competition between nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor superexchange interactions. Frequency dependent ac susceptibility measurements rule out the existence of a spin-glass state. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Caspi, EN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lobanov, Maxim/C-2963-2012 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134431 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100086 ER PT J AU Castan, T Planes, A Saxena, A AF Castan, T Planes, A Saxena, A TI Modulated phases in multi-stage structural transformations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEUSLER NI2MNGA ALLOY; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; NI-BASED ALLOYS; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; ALPHA-URANIUM; PREMARTENSITIC PHENOMENA; LOW-TEMPERATURE AB For multistage displacive structural transitions we present a general framework that accounts for various intermediate modulated phases, elastic constant, phonon, and related thermodynamic anomalies. Based on the presence or absence of modulated phases we classify these transformations in four categories and apply this approach to four different representative materials Ni-Mn-Ga (or alpha-U), NiTi(Fe), Ni-Al, and Cu-Zn-Al. We suggest that the anomalous increase in elastic constants and phonon frequency observed when approaching the martensitic transition from above is a signature of the commensurate modulated phase. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Castan, T (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RI Planes, Antoni/O-1904-2015 OI Planes, Antoni/0000-0001-5213-5714 NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134113 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100040 ER PT J AU Felner, I Galstyan, E Lorenz, B Cao, D Wang, YS Xue, YY Chu, CW AF Felner, I Galstyan, E Lorenz, B Cao, D Wang, YS Xue, YY Chu, CW TI Magnetoresistance hysteresis and critical current density in granular RuSr2Gd2-xCexCu2O10-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; RUSR2GDCU2O8; GD; FERROMAGNETISM; COEXISTENCE; CUPRATE AB We report resistivity data on ceramic RuSr2Gd2-xCexCu2O10-delta which is the first Cu-O based system in which superconductivity (SC) in the CuO2 planes and weak-ferromagnetism (W-FM) in the Ru sublattice are considered to coexist. Due to the granular nature of the materials the critical current density at 5 K is extremely small as compared to other high-T-C superconducting materials. Below the superconducting transition (T-C), the magnetoresistance DeltaR(H)=R(H)-R(0) is positive and unexpected hysteresis loops are observed. The hysteresis loop is completely different than that observed in conventional homogeneous superconductors. DeltaR(H) on decreasing the applied field (H-ext) is much smaller than the DeltaR(H) for increasing (H-ext). The width of the loops depends strongly on the weak-link properties. Similar hysteresis loops are observed in the reference nonmagnetic NbSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10 which is SC at T-C=28 K, thus the possibility that the hysteresis phenomenom is caused by the coexistence of both SC and magnetic states is excluded. C1 Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Felner, I (reprint author), Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134506 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100097 ER PT J AU Freeland, JW Keavney, DJ Winarski, R Ryan, P Slaughter, JM Dave, RW Janesky, J AF Freeland, JW Keavney, DJ Winarski, R Ryan, P Slaughter, JM Dave, RW Janesky, J TI Grain boundary mediated oxidation and interlayer dipolar coupling in a magnetic tunnel junction structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY; THERMAL-STABILITY; SCATTERING; MODEL; ALOX; IRON AB We present a study detailing changes in the layers of a magnetic tunnel junction that has been overoxidized to explore the impact of unwanted oxidation. From the evidence of grain boundary diffusion, we conclude that the microstructure plays an important role in determining the impact of the oxidation process. Layer-dependent switching measurements show that the change in the tunneling magnetoresistance was solely due to modified dipolar coupling after field annealing into the exchange biased state. This was confirmed by scattering measurements, which show clearly that the preanneal and postanneal interfacial structure remains unchanged. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Motorola Labs, Phys Sci Res Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Freeland, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134411 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100066 ER PT J AU Haire, RG Heathman, S Idiri, M Le Bihan, T Lindbaum, A Rebizant, J AF Haire, RG Heathman, S Idiri, M Le Bihan, T Lindbaum, A Rebizant, J TI Pressure-induced changes in protactinium metal: Importance to actinide-metal bonding concepts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DELTA-PU; STRUCTURAL STABILITIES; EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES; GPA; PA; DELOCALIZATION; AMERICIUM; URANIUM; CERIUM AB Protactinium occupies an important position in the actinide series of elements, as it represents the first of four elements (Pa-Pu) having 5f-electron character in their bonding at atmospheric pressure. We have determined in experimental studies with synchrotron radiation to 130 GPa, that the tetragonal structure of protactinium (space group I4/mmm) converts to an orthorhombic, alpha-uranium structure (space group Cmcm) at 77(5) GPa, where the atomic volume has been reduced by similar to30%. This structural change is interpreted as reflecting an increase in 5f-electron contribution to the bonding in protactinium over that initially present, becoming more similar to that present in alpha-uranium metal at atmospheric pressure. We determined experimentally that this structural transformation occurred at significantly higher pressures and at a smaller atomic volume than predicted by theory. The experimental results reported here represent the highest pressures under which protactinium metal has been studied. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Solid State Phys, Vienna, Austria. RP Haire, RG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSD, POB 2008,MS-6375, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI LE BIHAN, Tristan/I-5063-2013 NR 55 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134101 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100028 ER PT J AU Kunze, J Naler, S Backstrom, J Rubhausen, M Mitchell, JF AF Kunze, J Naler, S Backstrom, J Rubhausen, M Mitchell, JF TI Optical study of competition between ordering and metallicity in La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS; LAYERED MANGANITES; T-C; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; CHARGE; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SIGNATURES; PSEUDOGAP AB We study by spectroscopic ellipsometry the optical in-plane anisotropies in La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 with 0.32less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.40 above and below the metal to insulator (MI) transition. Spectral-weight changes in the optical conductivity occur at a cross-over temperature T-'=280 K for all dopings. Local ordering of orbital and charge degrees of freedom sets in doping dependently at temperatures of 145 Kless than or equal toT(*)less than or equal to310 K. Below the MI transition we observe for all dopings except x=0.36 a vanishing of the charge ordering and an isotropic and metallic state at low frequencies, whereas the local orbital ordering persists. For x=0.36 we observe two different characteristic developments of the ordering processes, one being compatible with the parabolic doping dependence on T-* established by the other doping levels and the second showing ordering at a temperature slightly above the MI transition. We argue that our observations are compatible with a phase separation scenario. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Angew Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Inst Angew Phys, Jungiusstr 9, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. RI Backstrom, Joakim/E-2299-2011 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134417 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100072 ER PT J AU La-Orauttapong, D Toulouse, J Ye, ZG Chen, W Erwin, R Robertson, JL AF La-Orauttapong, D Toulouse, J Ye, ZG Chen, W Erwin, R Robertson, JL TI Neutron scattering study of the relaxor ferroelectric (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; PHONON ANOMALIES; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; BEHAVIOR; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Neutron elastic diffuse scattering experiments performed on Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PZN) and on its solid solution with PbTiO3(PT), known as PZN-xPT, with x=4.5 and 9 % around many reflections show that diffuse scattering is observed around reflections with mixed indices in the transverse and diagonal directions only. From the width of the diffuse scattering peak a correlation length is extracted. In PZN, we have reported that the diffuse scattering is more extended in the transverse than in the diagonal directions [D. La-Orauttapong, J. Toulouse, J. L. Robertson, and Z.-G. Ye, Phys. Rev. B 64, 212101 (2001)]. In the present work, the results show that the addition of PT leads to a broadening of the diffuse scattering along the diagonal, relative to the transverse directions, indicating a change in the orientation of the polar regions. Also, with the addition of PT, the polar nanoregions condense at a higher temperature above the transition than in pure PZN (>40 K), due to stronger correlations between the polar regions. Neutron inelastic scattering measurements have also been performed on PZN-xPT. The results show the broadening of the transverse acoustic phonon mode at a small momentum transfer q upon cooling. We attribute this broadening to the appearance of the polar nanoregions. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP La-Orauttapong, D (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bldg 16, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 31 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134110 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100037 ER PT J AU Le Bihan, T Heathman, S Idiri, M Lander, GH Wills, JM Lawson, AC Lindbaum, A AF Le Bihan, T Heathman, S Idiri, M Lander, GH Wills, JM Lawson, AC Lindbaum, A TI Structural behavior of alpha-uranium with pressures to 100 GPa SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LIGHT ACTINIDES; STABILITIES; ANVIL; STATE; METAL AB The structural behavior of alpha-uranium at room temperature has been studied up to 100 GPa in diamond anvil cells using angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction at a synchrotron source. The orthorhombic Cmcm structure is stable to at least 100 GPa. We present details of the variation of all structural parameters, derived from Rietveld analysis of the diffraction patterns: the lattice parameters a, b, and c, and the positional parameter y, as a function of pressure. Precise data, as well as the use of different media for the pressure transmission, allow us to question previous values of several parameters deduced by x-ray diffraction, especially the bulk modulus, and we obtain a revised bulk modulus of B-0=104(2) GPa with B-0(')=6.2(2). We have also performed accurate (zero-temperature) electronic structure calculations with full structural relaxation up to 100 GPa to test theory against our experimental results. The magnitude and trends of the calculated structural parameters are in reasonable agreement with experiment. In contrast, our bulk modulus calculated at our zero-pressure volume is B-0=136 GPa and B-0(')=5.07, in agreement with previous calculations, differing markedly from experimental values. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, European Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Solid State Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Le Bihan, T (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RI LE BIHAN, Tristan/I-5063-2013 NR 38 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134102 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100029 ER PT J AU Ortiz, G Batista, CD AF Ortiz, G Batista, CD TI Hierarchical mean-field theory in quantum statistical mechanics: A bosonic example SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COEXISTENCE; SYSTEMS AB We present a theoretical framework and a calculational scheme to study the coexistence and competition of thermodynamic phases in quantum statistical mechanics. The crux of the method is the realization that the microscopic Hamiltonian, modeling the system, can always be written in a hierarchical operator language that unveils all symmetry generators of the problem and, thus, possible thermodynamic phases. In general, one cannot compute the thermodynamic or zero-temperature properties exactly and an approximate scheme named "hierarchical mean-field approach" is introduced. This approach treats all possible competing orders on an equal footing. We illustrate the methodology by determining the phase diagram and quantum critical point of a bosonic lattice model which displays coexistence and competition between antiferromagnetism and superfluidity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ortiz, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134301 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100049 ER PT J AU van Lierop, J Isaacs, HS Ryan, DH Beath, A McCalla, E AF van Lierop, J Isaacs, HS Ryan, DH Beath, A McCalla, E TI Muon spin relaxation study of exchange biased Co/CoO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB The local magnetic properties of an exchange biased Co/CoO nanoparticle system have been examined using zero-field muon spin relaxation (ZF-muSR) spectroscopy. A direct measure of magnetic domains experiencing the exchange coupling due to the ferromagnetic core and antiferromagnetic shell of the Co nanoparticles is given by the observation of an oscillating signal in the field-cooled ZF-muSR spectra that is a clear and unambiguous signature of static magnetic correlations. Excellent agreement between the local field determined from the muSR oscillation and the bulk exchange bias loop shift confirms this interpretation. Furthermore, the unique line shape and increase in moment fluctuation rate on cooling the exchange biased sample are strong indications that spin-density-wave-like behavior is associated with setting the exchange bias in this system. This static field oscillation is likely due to the twisted moment directions at the interface. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP van Lierop, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 500 E Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134430 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100085 ER PT J AU van Veenendaal, M AF van Veenendaal, M TI Resonant x-ray magnetic scattering at nonmagnetic ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORPTION; PROBE AB An explanation is given for the resonant x-ray magnetic scattering effects at the K edge of nonmagnetic ions observed by Mannix [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4128 (2001)]. By using a description that goes beyond the usual fast-collision approximation, we can relate the scattering amplitude to the orbital moments on sites neighboring the nonmagnetic ion where the absorption takes place. The finite scattering amplitude is directly related to the resonant process, which explains the strong enhancement over the nonresonant intensity. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van Veenendaal, M (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134112 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100039 ER PT J AU Vavassori, P Grimsditch, M Novosad, V Metlushko, V Ilic, B AF Vavassori, P Grimsditch, M Novosad, V Metlushko, V Ilic, B TI Metastable states during magnetization reversal in square permalloy rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC DOTS; ARRAYS; ELEMENTS; MICROMAGNETICS; NANOMAGNETS; ANISOTROPY; MAGNETS; FE AB The magnetic reversal process in a two-dimensional array of permalloy square rings is presented. Rings of thickness of 25 nm, of lateral size of 2.1 mum, and with ring width of 240 nm were microfabricated using electron-beam lithography and lift-off techniques. Analysis of the diffracted magneto-optical Kerr effect hysteresis loops, magnetic force microscopy images, and micromagnetic simulations show that the magnetization reversal path depends on the direction of the in-plane applied magnetic field. On reducing the field from saturation, for fields along an edge or a diagonal of the square, the "onion" state is the stable state at remanence. In a narrow field range around reversal we find that the reversal occurs via a metastable intermediate state. For fields along the diagonal this intermediate state is a magnetic vortex. When the field is applied along an edge direction the intermediate state is a "horseshoe" state. C1 Univ Ferrara, INFM, UdR Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. INFM, Natl Res Ctr Nanostruct & Biosyst Surfaces, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell Nanofabricat Facil, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vavassori, P (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, INFM, UdR Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 26 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134429 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100084 ER PT J AU Wang, NL Zheng, P Feng, T Gu, GD Homes, CC Tranquada, JM Gaulin, BD Timusk, T AF Wang, NL Zheng, P Feng, T Gu, GD Homes, CC Tranquada, JM Gaulin, BD Timusk, T TI Infrared properties of La2-x(Ca,Sr)(x)CaCu2O6+delta single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; CHARGE DYNAMICS; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LA2-XSRXCUO4; STATE; GAP; SPECTROSCOPY; PSEUDOGAP AB The in-plane optical properties of two crystals of the bilayer cuprate La2-x(Ca,Sr)(x)CaCu2O6+delta, one with excess Ca and x=0.10 and the other with Sr and x=0.15, were investigated over the frequency range of 45-25 000 cm(-1). The optical conductivity has been derived from Kramers-Kronig transformation. Each crystal exhibits a peak at around 15 000 cm(-1), which corresponds to the charge-transfer (CT) excitation of the parent insulator. With increasing carrier density, spectral weight shifts from the CT excitation to the low-omega region. For the superconducting sample (x=0.15), the optical conductivity displays a peak in the far-infrared region, which shifts toward zero frequency with decreasing temperature. The temperature-dependent behavior favors a dynamical localization picture. A "pseudogap" feature is observed in the low-frequency reflectance and the scattering rate spectra. Both the energy scale and the temperature dependence of the pseudogap are similar to other bilayer cuprates. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM nlwang@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134526 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134526 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100117 ER PT J AU Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Han, S Srolovitz, DJ Car, R Wirth, BD AF Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Han, S Srolovitz, DJ Car, R Wirth, BD TI Molecular dynamics study of the threshold displacement energy in vanadium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DEFECT PRODUCTION; METALS; DAMAGE; SEMICONDUCTORS; FE AB The threshold displacement energy (TDE) is calculated for vanadium as a function of temperature and orientation by molecular dynamics simulations. The TDE varies from 13 to 51 eV, depending on orientation and is nearly temperature independent between 100 and 900 K. The lowest TDE is in the <100> direction. We characterize the defects associated with the displacement simulations and found that they consist of vacancies and <111>-split dumbbells. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Zepeda-Ruiz, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134114 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100041 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Raymond, S Regnault, LP Essler, FHL Kakurai, K Masuda, T Uchinokura, K AF Zheludev, A Raymond, S Regnault, LP Essler, FHL Kakurai, K Masuda, T Uchinokura, K TI Polarization dependence of spin excitations in BaCu2Si2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS; CHAINS; TEMPERATURE; CONTINUUM; BENZOATE; SYSTEMS; STATES AB The polarization dependence of magnetic excitations in the quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet BaCu2Si2O7 is studied as a function of momentum and energy transfer. The results of inelastic neutron-scattering measurements are directly compared to semianalytical calculations based on the chain-mean-field approximation and random-phase approximation (RPA). A quantitative agreement between theoretically calculated and experimentally measured dynamic structure factors of transverse spin fluctuations is obtained. In contrast, substantial discrepancies are found for longitudinal polarization. This behavior is attributed to intrinsic limitations of the RPA that ignores correlation effects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zheludevai@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 13 AR 134406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.134406 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673WW UT WOS:000182604100061 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD El Chenawi, K Dubey, AK Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Mukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Petracek, V Pinganaud, W Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L von der Pijll, EC von Eijndhoven, N von Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR AF Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD El Chenawi, K Dubey, AK Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Mukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Petracek, V Pinganaud, W Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L von der Pijll, EC von Eijndhoven, N von Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR CA WA98 Collaboration TI Centrality dependence of charged-neutral particle fluctuations in 158A (GeVPb)-Pb-208+Pb-208 collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DISORIENTED CHIRAL CONDENSATE; HADRONIC-INTERACTIONS; DETECTOR; DOMAINS; PHYSICS; SEARCH; DCC; QCD AB Results on the study of localized fluctuations in the multiplicity of charged particles and photons produced in 158A GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions are presented for varying centralities. The charged versus neutral particle multiplicity correlations in common phase space regions of varying azimuthal sizes are analyzed by two different methods. Various types of mixed events are constructed to probe fluctuations arising from different sources. The measured results are compared to those from simulations and from mixed events. The comparison indicates the presence of nonstatistical fluctuations in both the charged particle and photon multiplicities in limited azimuthal regions. However, no correlated charged-neutral fluctuations, a possible signature of formation of disoriented chiral condensates, are observed. An upper limit on the production of disoriented chiral condensates is set. C1 Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Ecole Mines, SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305, Japan. Univ Utrecht, NIKHEF H, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. EM bmohanty@veccal.ernet.in RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 044901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.044901 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 675ZN UT WOS:000182727600049 ER PT J AU Ahmad, I Banar, JC Becker, JA Bredeweg, TA Cooper, JR Gemmell, DS Mashayekhi, A McNabb, DP Moore, EF Palmer, P Rundberg, RS Schiffer, JP Shastri, SD Wang, TF Wilhelmy, JB AF Ahmad, I Banar, JC Becker, JA Bredeweg, TA Cooper, JR Gemmell, DS Mashayekhi, A McNabb, DP Moore, EF Palmer, P Rundberg, RS Schiffer, JP Shastri, SD Wang, TF Wilhelmy, JB TI Search for x-ray induced decay of the 31-yr isomer of Hf-178 at low x-ray energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-EMISSION; IRRADIATION AB Upper limits for the energy-integrated cross section for the decay of the 31-yr Hf-178 isomer, induced by x-ray irradiation, are extended to lower x-ray energies than we reported previously. Over the range of incident x-ray energies 62(f)(+)) distribution of strength in Ni-68 and other nickel isotopes using several theoretical approaches. We find that in Ni-68 the calculated B(E2) transition to the first 2(+) state exhausts only a fraction of the low-lying B(E2) strength, while the remainder of the low-lying strength is mainly collected in the group of states lying above 4 MeV. This fragmentation is sensitive to the size of the N=40 gap. We argue that the small experimental B(E2) value to the first 2(+) state is not a strong evidence for the double-magic character of Ni-68. C1 Univ Aarhus, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNR, IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Langanke, K (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. NR 24 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 044314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.044314 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 675ZN UT WOS:000182727600032 ER PT J AU Lerma, F Reviol, W Chiara, CJ Devlin, M LaFosse, DR Sarantites, DG Baktash, C Jin, HQ Clark, RM Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Satula, W Soltysik, D Tabor, SL Wyss, R AF Lerma, F Reviol, W Chiara, CJ Devlin, M LaFosse, DR Sarantites, DG Baktash, C Jin, HQ Clark, RM Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Satula, W Soltysik, D Tabor, SL Wyss, R TI Superdeformed bands in Sr80-83, Y82-84, Zr-83,Zr-84: Transition quadrupole moments, moments of inertia, and configuration assignments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR BASIS; HARTREE-FOCK EQUATIONS; RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; NUCLEI; STATES; GAMMASPHERE; REGION; SR-80; SHAPE AB Multiple superdeformed bands in the nuclei Sr80-83, Y82-84, and Zr-83,Zr-84 have been studied in a backed-target experiment, using the Gammasphere and the Microball 4pi detector arrays. For 15 bands in these nuclei, average transition quadrupole moments have been measured with high accuracy, using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. Among these are the newly observed superdeformed bands in Y-83,Y-84, which are "isospectral" with the bands in Sr-82,Sr-83. These "isospectral" bands have nearly identical transition quadrupole moments. Two of the bands in Sr-81 interact and cross transitions between them are observed. The present measurements place stringent conditions on configuration assignments for the bands obtained from two types of mean-field calculations, leading to a consistent understanding of the mass similar to80 superdeformed bands. The assignments for different bands arise from one or more nucleons occupying the N-0=5h(11/2) intruder orbital. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. KTH, Dept Phys Frescati, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Reviol, W (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 044310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.044310 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 675ZN UT WOS:000182727600028 ER PT J AU Liang, JF Beene, JR Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Gross, CJ Hausladen, PA Mueller, PE Shapira, D Stracener, DW Varner, RL Bierman, JD Esbensen, H Larochelle, Y AF Liang, JF Beene, JR Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Gross, CJ Hausladen, PA Mueller, PE Shapira, D Stracener, DW Varner, RL Bierman, JD Esbensen, H Larochelle, Y TI Breakup of F-17 on Pb-208 near the Coulomb barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FUSION CROSS-SECTIONS; SUBBARRIER FUSION; HEAVY; NUCLEUS; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSITIONS; COLLISIONS; ENERGIES; BEAMS AB Angular distributions of oxygen produced in the breakup of F-17 incident on a Pb-208 target have been measured at angles from 75degrees to 113degrees and 39degrees to 79degrees for beam energies of 98 and 120 MeV, respectively. The data are dominated by the proton stripping mechanism and are well reproduced by dynamical calculations. The measured breakup cross section is approximately a factor of 3 less than that of fusion at 98 MeV. The influence of breakup on fusion is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gonzaga Univ, Dept Phys AD51, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 044603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.044603 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 675ZN UT WOS:000182727600040 ER PT J AU Alcaraz, J Cembranos, JAR Dobado, A Maroto, AL AF Alcaraz, J Cembranos, JAR Dobado, A Maroto, AL TI Limits on the brane fluctuations mass and on the brane tension scale from electron-positron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTONE BOSONS; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; MILLIMETER; STATES; TEV AB In the context of the brane-world scenarios with compactified large extra dimensions, we study the production of the possible massive brane oscillations (branons) in electron-positron colliders. We compute their contribution to the electroweak gauge bosons decay width and to the single-photon and single-Z processes. With CERN LEP-I results and assuming nonobservation at LEP-II we present exclusion plots for the brane tension tau=f(4) and the branon mass M. Prospects for the next generation of electron-positron colliders are also considered. C1 CIEMAT, Div Fis Particulas, Madrid 28940, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alcaraz, J (reprint author), CIEMAT, Div Fis Particulas, Madrid 28940, Spain. RI Lopez Maroto, Antonio/A-1221-2007; Cembranos, Jose/L-6478-2014; Lopez Maroto, Antonio/C-1305-2017 OI Cembranos, Jose/0000-0002-4526-7396; Lopez Maroto, Antonio/0000-0001-6934-6737 NR 26 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 075010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.075010 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300090 ER PT J AU Alford, M Reddy, S AF Alford, M Reddy, S TI Compact stars with color superconducting quark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE VECTOR-MESONS; GROUND-STATE ENERGY; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; NEUTRON-STARS; FINITE TEMPERATURE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RX J185635-3754; FLAVOR-LOCKING; STRANGE MATTER; EQUATION AB We study compact stars that contain quark matter. We look at the effect of color superconductivity in the quark matter on the nuclear-quark matter transition density, mass-radius relationship, and the density discontinuity at the boundary between nuclear and quark matter. We find that color superconducting quark matter will occur in compact stars at values of the bag constant where ordinary quark matter would not be allowed. We are able to construct "hybrid" stars with a color superconducting quark matter interior and nuclear matter surface, with masses in the range 1.3-1.6M and radii 8-11 km. Our results are consistent with recent mass-radius limits based on absorption lines from EXO0748-676. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alford, M (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. NR 49 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 074024 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.074024 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300062 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Raven, G Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, H Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, B Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Yumiceva, FX Weidemann, AW Abe, K Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Henderson, R Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Raven, G Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, H Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, B Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Yumiceva, FX Weidemann, AW Abe, K Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Henderson, R Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Simultaneous measurement of the B-0 meson lifetime and mixing frequency with B-0 -> D(*-)l(+)nu(l) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE AB We measure the B-0 lifetime tau(B)(0) and the B-0-(B) over bar (0) oscillation frequency Deltam(d) with a sample of approximately 14000 exclusively reconstructed B-0-->D(*-)l(+)nul signal events, selected from 23 million B (B) over bar pairs recorded at the Y(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The decay position of the other B is determined with the remaining tracks in the event, and its b-quark flavor at the time of decay is determined with a tagging algorithm that exploits the correlation between the flavor of the b quark and the charges of its decay products. The lifetime and oscillation frequencies are measured simultaneously with an unbinned maximum-likelihood fit that uses, for each event, the measured difference in decay times of the two B mesons (Deltat), the calculated uncertainty on Deltat, the signal and background probabilities, and b-quark tagging information for the other B. The results are tau(B)(0)=(1.523(-0.023)(+0.024)+/-0.022) ps and Deltam(d)=(0.492+/-0.018+/-0.013) ps(-1). The statistical correlation coefficient between tau(B)(0) and Deltam(d) is -0.22. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Phys Expt, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kernund Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Elon Univ, Elon College, NC 27244 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Phys Nucl Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Phys Nucl Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie Veiw A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 072002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.072002 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300010 ER PT J AU Barenboim, G Quigg, C AF Barenboim, G Quigg, C TI Neutrino observatories can characterize cosmic sources and neutrino properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATION; ENERGIES AB Neutrino telescopes that measure relative fluxes of ultrahigh-energy nu(e),nu(mu),nu(tau) can give information about the location and characteristics of sources, about neutrino mixing, and can test for neutrino instability and for departures from CPT invariance in the neutrino sector. We investigate the consequences of neutrino mixing for the neutrino flux arriving at Earth, and consider how terrestrial measurements can characterize distant sources. We contrast mixtures that arise from neutrino oscillations with those signaling neutrino decays. We stress the importance of measuring nu(e),nu(mu),nu(tau) fluxes in neutrino observatories. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Barenboim, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 23 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 073024 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.073024 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300036 ER PT J AU Chang, D Masiero, A Murayama, H AF Chang, D Masiero, A Murayama, H TI Neutrino mixing and large CP violation in B physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-FLAVOR VIOLATION; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; RIGHT-HANDED NEUTRINOS; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; LARGE TAN-BETA; MASSES; DECAY; UNIFICATION; BREAKING; TAU->MU-GAMMA AB We show that in seesaw models of neutrino mass in a SUSY SO(10) context, the observed large mixing in atmospheric neutrinos naturally leads to large b-s transitions. If the associated new CP phase turns out to be large, this SUSY contribution can drastically affect the CP violation in some of the B decay channels yielding the beta and gamma angles of the unitarity triangle. They can even produce sizable CP asymmetries in some decay modes which are not CP violating in the standard model context. Hence the observed large neutrino mixing makes observations of the low energy SUSY effect in some CP violating decay channels potentially promising in spite of the agreement between the standard model and data in K and B physics so far. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, NCTS, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 48 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 075013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.075013 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300093 ER PT J AU Chekanov, SV Morgunov, VL AF Chekanov, SV Morgunov, VL TI Selection and reconstruction of the top quarks in the all-hadronic decays at a linear collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATES; W+W EVENTS; MASS; PHYSICS AB A method of reconstruction of the top quarks produced in the process e(+)e(-)-->t (t) over bar -->6 jets at a linear collider (LC) is proposed. The approach does not involve a kinematic fit, as well as assumptions on the invariant masses of the dijets originating from the decays of W bosons and, therefore, the method is expected to be less sensitive to theoretical and experimental uncertainties on the top-mass measurement than traditional reconstruction methods. For the first time, the reconstruction of the top quarks is investigated using the full LC detector simulation after taking into account the background arising from QCD multijet production. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. ITEP, Moscow 117218, Russia. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 074011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.074011 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300049 ER PT J AU Chiang, CW Rosner, JL AF Chiang, CW Rosner, JL TI Final-state phases in B -> D pi, D-*pi, and D rho decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS; MESON DECAYS; SU(3) SYMMETRY; ETA; PSEUDOSCALARS; DIAGRAMS AB The final-state phases in (B) over bar -->Dpi, D(*)pi, and Drho decays appear to follow a pattern similar to those in D-->(K) over bar pi, (K) over bar (*)pi, and (K) over bar rho decays. Each set of processes is characterized by three charge states but only two independent amplitudes, so the amplitudes form triangles in the complex plane. For the first two sets the triangles appear to have nonzero area, while for the Drho or (K) over bar rho decays the areas of the triangles are consistent with zero. Following an earlier discussion of this behavior for D decays, a similar analysis is performed for B decays, and the relative phases and magnitudes of contributing amplitudes are determined. The significance of recent results on (B) over bar (0)-->D-(*)0(K) over bar ((*)0) is noted. Open theoretical and experimental questions are indicated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. OI Chiang, Cheng-Wei/0000-0003-1716-0169 NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 074013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.074013 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300051 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ Vainshtein, A AF Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ Vainshtein, A TI Refinements in electroweak contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MESON DECAY; SCATTERING; QCD AB The effects of strong interactions on the two-loop electroweak radiative corrections to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a(mu)=(g(mu)-2)/2, are examined. Short-distance logarithms are shown to be unaffected. The computation of long-distance contributions is improved by the use of an effective field theory approach that preserves the chiral properties of QCD and accounts for constraints from the operator product expansion. Small, previously neglected, two-loop contributions, suppressed by a 1-4 sin(2)theta(W) factor, are computed and the complete three-loop leading short-distance logarithms are reevaluated. These refinements lead to a reduction in uncertainties and a slight shift in the total electroweak contribution to a(mu)(EW)=154(1)(2)x10(-11) where the first error corresponds to hadronic uncertainties and the second is primarily due to the allowed Higgs boson mass range. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Minnesota, Inst Theoret Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. NR 34 TC 184 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 073006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.073006 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300018 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Orr, LH Reina, L Wackeroth, D AF Dawson, S Orr, LH Reina, L Wackeroth, D TI Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to pp -> t(t)over-barh at the CERN Large Hadron Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID JET CROSS-SECTIONS; ONE-LOOP INTEGRALS; TEVATRON AB We compute the O(alpha(s)(3)) inclusive cross section for the process pp-->t (h) over barh in the standard model, at roots(H)=14 TeV. The next-to-leading order corrections drastically reduce the renormalization and factorization scale dependence of the Born cross section and increase the total cross section for renormalization and factorization scales larger than m(t). These corrections have important implications for models of new physics involving the top quark. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 071503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.071503 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300004 ER PT J AU Del Duca, V Kilgore, W Oleari, C Schmidt, C Zeppenfeld, D AF Del Duca, V Kilgore, W Oleari, C Schmidt, C Zeppenfeld, D TI Kinematical limits on Higgs boson production via gluon fusion in association with jets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY LIMIT; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; GAUGE-THEORIES; 2 JETS; AMPLITUDES; SCATTERING; SIGNATURE; COLLIDERS; COUPLINGS AB In this paper, we analyze the high-energy limits for Higgs boson + two jet production. We consider two high-energy limits, corresponding to two different kinematic regions: (a) the Higgs boson is centrally located in rapidity between the two jets, and very far from either jet; (b) the Higgs boson is close to one jet in rapidity, and both of these are very far from the other jet. In both cases the amplitudes factorize into impact factors or coefficient functions connected by gluons exchanged in the t channel. Accordingly, we compute the coefficient function for the production of a Higgs boson from two off-shell gluons, and the impact factors for the production of a Higgs boson in association with a gluon or a quark jet. We include the full top quark mass dependence and compare this with the result obtained in the large top-mass limit. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Durham, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Del Duca, V (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Via P Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RI del duca, vittorio/F-6992-2012; OI Oleari, Carlo/0000-0003-3526-9280 NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 073003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.073003 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300015 ER PT J AU Farzan, Y AF Farzan, Y TI Bounds on the coupling of the Majoron to light neutrinos from supernova cooling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TRITIUM BETA-SPECTRUM; BROKEN LEPTON NUMBER; TROITSK NU-MASS; KAMIOKANDE DATA; NEUTRON-STARS; ASTROPHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS; ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS; SOLAR NEUTRINOS; DECAY; OSCILLATIONS AB We explore the role of Majoron (J) emission in the supernova cooling process, as a source of the upper bound on neutrino-Majoron coupling. We show that the strongest upper bound on the coupling to nu(e) comes from the nu(e)nu(e)-->J process in the core of a supernova. We also find bounds on diagonal couplings of the Majoron to nu(mu(tau))nu(mu(tau)) and on off-diagonal nu(e)nu(mu(tau)) couplings in various regions of the parameter space. We discuss the evaluation of the cross section for four-particle interactions (nunu-->JJ and nuJ-->nuJ). We show that these are typically dominated by three-particle subprocesses and do not give new independent constraints. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Farzan, Y (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 70 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 073015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.073015 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300027 ER PT J AU Fleming, S Leibovich, AK AF Fleming, S Leibovich, AK TI The photon spectrum in Upsilon decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; RADIATIVE QUARKONIA DECAYS; SUDAKOV LOGARITHMS; Y DECAYS; QCD; GLUONS; FACTORIZATION; ANNIHILATION; HEAVY; J/PSI AB We present a theoretical prediction for the photon spectrum in radiative Y decay. Parts of the spectrum have already been understood, but an understanding of the end point region has remained elusive. In this paper we provide the missing piece, and resolve a controversy in the literature. We treat the end point region of Y-->Xgamma decay within the framework of the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). Within this approach the Y structure function arises naturally, and kinematic logarithms are summed by running operators using renormalization group equations. In a previous paper we studied the color-octet contribution to the decay. Here we treat the color-singlet contribution. We combine our result with previous results to obtain the Y-->Xgamma spectrum. We find that resumming the color-singlet contribution in the end point gives a result that is in much better agreement with the data than the leading order prediction. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM spf@andrew.cmu.edu; adam@fnal.gov RI Fleming, Sean/C-3677-2015 OI Fleming, Sean/0000-0002-9553-7198 NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 074035 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.074035 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300073 ER PT J AU Gelis, F Jalilian-Marian, J AF Gelis, F Jalilian-Marian, J TI From deep inelastic scattering to proton-nucleus collisions in the color glass condensate model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; LOW X PHYSICS; PARTON SATURATION; CHARGE-DENSITY; EVOLUTION; QCD; DIFFRACTION; EQUATION AB We show that particle production in proton-nucleus (pA) collisions in the color glass condensate model can be related to deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of leptons on protons or nuclei. The common building block is the quark-antiquark (or gluon-gluon) dipole cross section which is present in both DIS and pA processes. This correspondence in a sense generalizes the standard leading twist approach to pA collisions based on collinear factorization and perturbative QCD, and allows one to express the pA cross sections in terms of a universal quantity (dipole cross section) which, in principle, can be measured in DIS or other processes. Therefore, using the parametrization of the dipole cross section at DESY HERA, one can calculate particle production cross sections in proton-nucleus collisions at high energies. Alternatively, one could use proton-nucleus experiments to further constrain models of the dipole cross section. We show that the McLerran-Venugopalan model predicts an enhancement of the cross sections at large p(perpendicular to) (Cronin effect) and a suppression of the cross sections at low p(perpendicular to). The crossover depends on rapidity and moves to higher p(perpendicular to) as one goes to more forward rapidities. C1 CEA, DSM Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, F (reprint author), CEA, DSM Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, Batiment 774, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 39 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 074019 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.074019 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300057 ER PT J AU Goldberger, WD Nomura, Y Smith, DR AF Goldberger, WD Nomura, Y Smith, DR TI Warped supersymmetric grand unification SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SOFTLY BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRY; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; STANDARD MODEL; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; LOCALIZED GRAVITY; UNIFIED THEORIES; BULK FIELDS; MASSES; COMPACTIFICATION; HIERARCHY AB We construct a realistic theory of grand unification in AdS(5) truncated by branes, in which the unified gauge symmetry is broken by boundary conditions and the electroweak scale is generated by the AdS warp factor. We show that the theory preserves the successful gauge coupling unification of the 4D MSSM at the leading-logarithmic level. Kaluza-Klein (KK) towers, including those of the XY gauge and colored Higgs multiplets, appear at the TeV scale, while the extra dimension provides natural mechanisms for doublet-triplet splitting and proton decay suppression. In one possible scenario supersymmetry is strongly broken on the TeV brane, in which case the lightest SU(3)(C)xSU(2)(L)xU(1)(Y) gauginos are approximately Dirac and the mass of the lightest XY gaugino is pushed well below that of the lowest gauge boson KK mode, improving the prospects for its production at the CERN LHC. The bulk Lagrangian possesses a symmetry that we call GUT parity. If GUT parity is exact, the lightest GUT particle, most likely an XY gaugino, is stable. Once produced in a collider, the XY gaugino hadronizes to form mesons, some of which will be charged and visible as highly ionizing tracks. The lightest supersymmetric particle is the gravitino of mass similar to10(-3) eV, which is also stable if R parity is conserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberger, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 62 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 075021 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.075021 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300101 ER PT J AU Grossman, Y Ligeti, Z Soffer, A AF Grossman, Y Ligeti, Z Soffer, A TI Measuring gamma in B-+/--> K-+/-(KK*)(D) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WEAK PHASE-GAMMA; CP VIOLATION; PHYSICS; MODES; B->DK AB We develop a method to measure the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle gamma without hadronic uncertainties from the analysis of B+/--->(K+/-D0) and K+/- D-0 followed by singly Cabibbo-suppressed D decays to non-CP eigenstates, such as K+/-K*-/+. This method utilizes the interference between b-->c (u) over bars and b-->u (c) over bars decays, and we point out several attractive features of it. All the modes that need to be measured for this method are accessible in the present data. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM yuvalg@physics.technion.ac.il; zligeti@lbl.gov; abi@slac.stanford.edu NR 27 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 071301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.071301 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300001 ER PT J AU Kamyshkov, Y Kolbe, E AF Kamyshkov, Y Kolbe, E TI Signatures of nucleon disappearance in large underground detectors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WATER CHERENKOV DETECTOR; PROTON DECAY; BARYON NUMBER; LIMITS; SEARCH; C-12; OSCILLATIONS; NEUTRINOS; LIGHT; MODES AB For neutrons bound inside nuclei, baryon instability can manifest itself as a decay into undetectable particles (e.g., n-->nunu(ν) over bar), i.e., as a disappearance of a neutron from its nuclear state. If electric charge is conserved, a similar disappearance is impossible for a proton. The existing experimental lifetime limit for neutron disappearance is 4-7 orders of magnitude lower than the lifetime limits with detectable nucleon decay products in the final state. In this paper we calculated the spectrum of nuclear de-excitations that would result from the disappearance of a neutron or two neutrons from C-12. We found that some de-excitation modes have signatures that are advantageous for detection in the modern high-mass, low-background, and low-threshold underground detectors, where neutron disappearance would result in a characteristic sequence of time- and space-correlated events. Thus, in the KamLAND detector, a time-correlated triple coincidence of a prompt signal, a captured neutron, and a beta(+) decay of the residual nucleus, all originating from the same point in the detector, will be a unique signal of neutron disappearance allowing searches for baryon instability with sensitivity 3-4 orders of magnitude beyond the present experimental limits. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kamyshkov, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016 OI Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 076007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.076007 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300109 ER PT J AU Kidonakis, N Laenen, E Moch, S Vogt, R AF Kidonakis, N Laenen, E Moch, S Vogt, R TI Threshold effects in charm hadroproduction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; QCD HARD SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SUBLEADING LOGARITHMS; COLLISIONS; RESUMMATION; SPS AB We describe calculations of c (c) over bar production to next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading logarithm near threshold in pp and pi(-)p interactions. We study the relevance of these calculations for existing c (c) over bar total cross section data by examining their sensitivity to partonic threshold kinematics, their convergence properties, and their scale dependence. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. NIKHEF H, Theory Grp, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Deutsch Elektronensynchrotron, DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kidonakis, N (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 074037 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.074037 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300075 ER PT J AU Melnitchouk, W AF Melnitchouk, W TI Higher twists in the pion structure function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; FORM-FACTORS; LOCAL DUALITY; DRELL-YAN; RESONANCES; SCATTERING; SUM; BEHAVIOR; MESONS AB We calculate the QCD moments of the pion structure function using Drell-Yan data on the quark distributions in the pion and a phenomenological model for the resonance region. The extracted higher twist corrections are found to be larger than those for the nucleon, contributing around 50% of the lowest moment at Q(2)=1 GeV2. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 077502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.077502 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300115 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, A Musatov, IV Pauli, HC Radyushkin, AV AF Mukherjee, A Musatov, IV Pauli, HC Radyushkin, AV TI Power-law wave functions and generalized parton distributions for the pion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; FORM-FACTOR; GLUON DISTRIBUTIONS; NEAR-THRESHOLD; QUARK-MODEL; ELECTROPRODUCTION; REPRESENTATION; HADRONS; MESONS AB We propose a model for generalized parton distributions of the pion based on the power-law Ansatz for the effective light-cone wave function. C1 Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. JINR, Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. RP Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, JJ Becher Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 073014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.073014 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300026 ER PT J AU Murayama, H Pierce, A AF Murayama, H Pierce, A TI Signatures of baryogenesis in the minimal supersymmetric standard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK BARYOGENESIS; SUPERGRAVITY MODEL; LINEAR COLLIDERS; BARYON ASYMMETRY; CP VIOLATION; DECAYS; GAMMA; B->S-GAMMA; UNIVERSE; PHYSICS AB We reexamine the electroweak baryogenesis within the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, studying its potential collider signatures. We find that this mechanism of baryogenesis does not give a new CP violating signal at the B factories. The first circumstantial evidence may come from enhanced B-s or B-d mixing. If a light right-handed scalar top quark and Higgs boson are found as required, a linear collider represents the best possibility for confirming the scenario. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Murayama, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 071702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.071702 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300007 ER PT J AU Pislak, S Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Bergman, DR Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, S Fischer, H Herold, W Issakov, VV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Ma, H Majid, W Poblaguev, AA Rehak, P Sher, A Sher, A Thompson, JA Truol, P Zeller, ME AF Pislak, S Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Bergman, DR Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, S Fischer, H Herold, W Issakov, VV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Ma, H Majid, W Poblaguev, AA Rehak, P Sher, A Sher, A Thompson, JA Truol, P Zeller, ME TI High statistics measurement of K-e4 decay properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PI-PI-SCATTERING; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; K-L4 FORM-FACTORS; LOW-ENERGY; PARTICLE PHYSICS; ONE-LOOP; 2 LOOPS; CONSTANTS; QUARK; MASS AB We report experimental details and results of a new measurement of the decay K+-->pi(+)pi(-)e(+)nu(e)(K-e4). A sample of more than 400,000 K-e4 events with low background has been collected by Experiment 865 at the Brookhaven Alternate Gradient Synchrotron. From these data, the branching ratio (4.11+/-0.01+/-0.11)x10(-5) and the pipi invariant mass dependence of the form factors F, G, and H of the weak hadronic current as well as the phase shift difference delta(0)(0)-delta(1)(1) for pipi scattering were extracted. Using constraints based on analyticity and chiral symmetry, a new value with considerably improved accuracy for the s-wave pipi scattering length a(0)(0) has been obtained also: a(0)(0)=0.216+/-0.013 (stat)+/-0.002 (syst)+/-0.002 (theor). C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pislak, S (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Schonberggasse 9, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Lichard, Peter/A-4459-2010 OI Lichard, Peter/0000-0003-1581-8545 NR 70 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 072004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.072004 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300012 ER PT J AU Schafer, T AF Schafer, T TI QCD and the eta ' mass: Instantons or confinement? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DENSITY QUARK MATTER; FINITE ISOSPIN DENSITY; LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; COLOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BARYON DENSITY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; U(1) PROBLEM; 2-COLOR QCD; TEMPERATURE; DECONFINEMENT AB We argue that lattice calculations of the eta(') mass in QCD with N-c=2 colors performed at a nonzero baryon chemical potential can be used to study the mechanism responsible for the mass of the eta('). QCD with two colors is an ideal laboratory because it exhibits confinement, chiral symmetry breaking and a would-be U(1)(A) Goldstone boson at all densities. Since the instanton density and the confinement scale vary with density in a very different way, instantons are clearly distinguishable from other possible mechanisms. There is an instanton prediction for the eta(') mass at large density that can be compared to lattice results. The density dependence of the instanton contribution is a simple consequence of the integer topological charge carried by the instanton. We also argue that N-c=3 color QCD at finite isospin density can be used in order to study the origin of OZI violation in the scalar sector. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schafer, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 AR 074502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.074502 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675VZ UT WOS:000182718300077 ER PT J AU Blue, M Bush, BW AF Blue, M Bush, BW TI Information content in the Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automaton traffic model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB We estimate the set dimension and find bounds for the set entropy of a cellular automaton model for single lane traffic. Set dimension and set entropy, which are measures of the information content per cell, are related to the fractal nature of the automaton [S. Wolfram, Physica D 10, 1 (1989); Theory and Application of Cellular Automata, edited by S. Wolfram (World Scientific, Philadelphia, 1986)] and have practical implications for data compression. For models with maximum speed v(max), the set dimension is approximately log((vmax+2))2.5, which is close to one bit per cell regardless of the maximum speed. For a typical maximum speed of five cells per time step, the dimension is approximately 0.47. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Systm Engn & Intergrat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy Environm Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blue, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Systm Engn & Intergrat Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mblue@lanl.gov; bwb@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 047103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.047103 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677UD UT WOS:000182825400117 ER PT J AU Faussurier, G Murillo, MS AF Faussurier, G Murillo, MS TI Gibbs-Bogolyubov inequality and transport properties for strongly coupled Yukawa fluids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ONE-COMPONENT-PLASMA; HARD-SPHERE FLUID; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; DENSE IONIZED MATTER; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SHEAR VISCOSITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SELF-DIFFUSION; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; SCREENING POTENTIALS AB The Gibbs-Bogolyubov inequality is used to establish a mapping between the Yukawa system and both the hard-sphere and the one-component reference systems. The transport coefficients of self-diffusion, shear viscosity, and thermal conductivity are computed for the Yukawa fluid using known properties of the reference systems. Comparisons are made with simulation results. For sufficiently strong screening, the hard-sphere reference system yields a lower upper bound of the Yukawa Helmholtz free energy and a better estimate of the Yukawa transport coefficients. C1 CEA, DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Thory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Faussurier, G (reprint author), CEA, DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, Boite Postale 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM gerald.faussurier@cea.fr NR 64 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 046404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046404 PN 2 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677UD UT WOS:000182825400082 PM 12786498 ER PT J AU Jung, E Lenhart, S Protopopescu, V Braiman, Y AF Jung, E Lenhart, S Protopopescu, V Braiman, Y TI Optimal control of the transient behavior of coupled solid-state lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; PHASE-LOCKING; ARRAYS; INJECTION; DYNAMICS; SYNCHRONIZATION; DIODE; STABILITY; COMMUNICATION; OSCILLATORS AB We apply optimal control theory to substantially reduce transient times for transitions between in-phase and out-of-phase states in coupled solid-state lasers. The control is a time-varying optical field that is injected into the cavities of each laser. We have analytically derived the optimal control and numerically solved the optimality system. Numerical simulations indicate that transient times can be significantly reduced upon increasing the injection strength very briefly. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Math, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jung, E (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Math, Seoul 143701, South Korea. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 046222 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046222 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677UD UT WOS:000182825400059 PM 12786475 ER PT J AU Kevrekidis, PG Williams, FL Bishop, AR Kevrekidis, IG Malomed, BA AF Kevrekidis, PG Williams, FL Bishop, AR Kevrekidis, IG Malomed, BA TI Coupling fields and underlying space curvature: An augmented Lagrangian approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS AB We demonstrate a systematic implementation of coupling between a scalar field and the geometry of the space which carries the field. This naturally gives rise to a feedback mechanism between the field and the geometry. We develop a systematic model for the feedback in a general form, inspired by a specific implementation in the context of molecular dynamics (the so-called Rahman-Parrinello molecular dynamics, or RP-MD). We use a generalized Lagrangian that allows for the coupling of the space's metric tensor to the scalar field, and add terms motivated by RP-MD. We present two implementations of the scheme: one in which the metric is only time-dependent (which gives rise to an ordinary differential equation for its temporal evolution), and the other with spatiotemporal dependence (wherein the metric's evolution is governed by a partial differential equation). Numerical results are reported for the (1 + 1)-dimensional model with a nonlinearity of the sine-Gordon type. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Interdisciplinary Studies, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kevrekidis, PG (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 047602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.047602 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677UD UT WOS:000182825400122 ER PT J AU Kim, I Lindquist, WB Durham, WB AF Kim, I Lindquist, WB Durham, WB TI Fracture flow simulation using a finite-difference lattice Boltzmann method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FLUID-FLOW; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ROUGH FRACTURES; EQUATION; ROCK; PERMEABILITY; TRANSPORT; SURFACES; PRESSURE; MODEL AB We present numerical computations for single phase flow through three-dimensional digitized rock fractures under varied simulated confining pressures appropriate to midcrustal depths. The computations are performed using a finite difference, lattice Boltzmann method and thus simulate Navier-Stokes flow. The digitized fracture data sets come from profiled elevations taken on tensile induced fractures in Harcourt granite. Numerical predictions of fracture permeability are compared with laboratory measurements performed on the same fractures. Use of the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method allows computation on nonuniform grid spacing, enabling accurate resolution across the aperture width without extensive refinement in the other two directions. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kim, I (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM ibkim@ams.sunysb.edu; lindquis@ams.sunysb.edu; durham1@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 046708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046708 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677UD UT WOS:000182825400114 PM 12786530 ER PT J AU Landry, JW Grest, GS Silbert, LE Plimpton, SJ AF Landry, JW Grest, GS Silbert, LE Plimpton, SJ TI Confined granular packings: Structure, stress, and forces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SILO; FLOW; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS; PRESSURES; DYNAMICS; SOLIDS AB The structure and stresses of static granular packs in cylindrical containers are studied by using large-scale discrete element molecular dynamics simulations in three dimensions. We generate packings by both pouring and sedimentation and examine how the final state depends on the method of construction. The vertical stress becomes depth independent for deep piles and we compare these stress depth profiles to the classical Janssen theory. The majority of the tangential forces for particle-wall contacts are found to be close to the Coulomb failure criterion, in agreement with the theory of Janssen, while particle-particle contacts in the bulk are far from the Coulomb criterion. In addition, we show that a linear hydrostaticlike region at the top of the packings unexplained by the Janssen theory arises because most of the particle-wall tangential forces in this region are far from the Coulomb yield criterion. The distributions of particle-particle and particle-wall contact forces P(f) exhibit exponential-like decay at large forces in agreement with previous studies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Landry, JW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwlandr@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 041303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.041303 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677TV UT WOS:000182824400025 PM 12786358 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Lin, LL AF Li, ZY Lin, LL TI Photonic band structures solved by a plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS; TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; GAP STRUCTURES; CRYSTALS; FORMULATION; SCATTERING AB Transfer-matrix methods adopting a plane-wave basis have been routinely used to calculate the scattering of electromagnetic waves by general multilayer gratings and photonic crystal slabs. In this paper we show that this technique, when combined with Bloch's theorem, can be extended to solve the photonic band structure for 2D and 3D photonic crystal structures. Three different eigensolution schemes to solve the traditional band diagrams along high-symmetry lines in the first Brillouin zone of the crystal are discussed. Optimal rules for the Fourier expansion over the dielectric function and electromagnetic fields with discontinuities occurring at the boundary of different material domains have been employed to accelerate the convergence of numerical computation. Application of this method to an important class of 3D layer-by-layer photonic crystals reveals the superior convergency of this different approach over the conventional plane-wave expansion method. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, ZY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 212 Z9 224 U1 11 U2 52 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 046607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046607 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677UD UT WOS:000182825400093 PM 12786509 ER PT J AU Papaphilippou, Y Wei, J Talman, R AF Papaphilippou, Y Wei, J Talman, R TI Deflections in magnet fringe fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER MAPS AB A transverse multipole expansion is derived, including the longitudinal components necessarily present in regions of varying magnetic field profile. It can be used for exact numerical orbit following through the fringe-field regions of magnets whose end designs introduce no extraneous components, i.e., fields not required to be present by Maxwell's equations. Analytic evaluations of the deflections are obtained in various approximations. Mainly emphasized is a "straight-line approximation," in which particle orbits are treated as straight lines through the fringe-field regions. This approximation leads to a readily-evaluated figure of merit, the ratio of rms end deflection to nominal body deflection, that can be used to determine whether or not a fringe field can be neglected. Deflections in "critical" cases (e.g., near intersection regions) are analyzed in the same approximation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14843 USA. RP Papaphilippou, Y (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM yannis@esrf.fr NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 AR 046502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046502 PN 2 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677UD UT WOS:000182825400086 PM 12786502 ER PT J AU Startsev, EA Davidson, RC AF Startsev, EA Davidson, RC TI Kinetic analysis of intense sheet beam stability properties for uniform phase-space density SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC FOCUSING FIELD; CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAMS; VLASOV-MAXWELL EQUATIONS; DELTA-F SIMULATION; POISSON EQUATIONS; DOMINATED BEAMS; PROPAGATION; EQUILIBRIUM; THEOREM AB This paper makes use of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations to investigate collective excitations in an intense sheet beam, infinite in the y and z directions, propagating in the z direction with directed kinetic energy (gamma(b)-1)m(b)c(2). The beam is confined in the x direction by the smooth-focusing force (F) over right arrow (foc) = gamma(b)m(b)omega(beta)(perpendicular to)(2) x (e) over right arrow (x), and perfectly conducting walls are located at x = +/-x(w). A self-consistent water bag equilibrium f(b)(0) satisfying the steady-state (partial derivative/partial derivativet = 0) Vlasov-Maxwell equations is shown to be exactly solvable for the beam density n(b)(0)(x) and electrostatic potential phi(0)(x). A closed Schrodinger-like eigenvalue equation is derived, assuming small-amplitude perturbations (deltaf(b), deltaphi) about the self-consistent water bag equilibrium, and the eigenfrequency spectrum is shown to be purely real. The WKB approximation is employed to determine the eigenfrequency spectrum as a function of the normalized beam intensity s(b) = (omega) over cap (2)(pb)/gamma(b)(2)omega(betaperpendicular to)(2), where (omega) over cap (2)(pb) = 4pi(n) over cap (b)e(b)(2)/gamma(b)m(b) and (n) over cap (b) = n(b)(x = 0) is the on-axis number density of beam particles. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Startsev, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 AR 044401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.044401 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 679PM UT WOS:000182931200006 ER PT J AU Wu, JH Raubenheimer, TO Stupakov, GV AF Wu, JH Raubenheimer, TO Stupakov, GV TI Calculation of the coherent synchrotron radiation impedance from a wiggler SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID EMITTANCE GROWTH; MICROWAVE INSTABILITY; BUNCH COMPRESSOR; ELECTRON BUNCH; RING AB Most studies of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) have considered only the radiation from independent dipole magnets. However, in the damping rings of future linear colliders, a large fraction of the radiation power will be emitted in damping wigglers. In this paper, the longitudinal wakefield and impedance due to CSR in a wiggler are derived in the limit of a large wiggler parameter K. After an appropriate scaling, the results can be expressed in terms of universal functions, which are independent of K. Analytical asymptotic results are obtained for the wakefield in the limit of large and small distances, and for the impedance in the limit of small and high frequencies. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wu, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jhwu@SLAC.Stanford.EDU; tor@SLAC.Stanford.EDU; stupakov@SLAC.Stanford.EDU NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 AR 040701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.040701 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 679PM UT WOS:000182931200002 ER PT J AU Tomkins, C Prestridge, K Rightley, P Marr-Lyon, M Vorobieff, P Benjamin, R AF Tomkins, C Prestridge, K Rightley, P Marr-Lyon, M Vorobieff, P Benjamin, R TI A quantitative study of the interaction of two Richtmyer-Meshkov-unstable gas cylinders SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; THIN FLUID LAYER; SHOCK-WAVES; INSTABILITY; GROWTH; INTERFACE; PROPAGATION; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS AB We experimentally investigate the evolution and interaction of two Richtmyer-Meshkov-unstable gas cylinders using concentration field visualization and particle image velocimetry. The heavy-gas (SF6) cylinders have an initial spanwise separation of S/D (where D is the cylinder diameter) and are simultaneously impacted by a planar, Mach 1.2 shock. The resulting flow morphologies are highly reproducible and highly sensitive to the initial separation, which is varied from S/Dapproximate to1.2 to 2.0. The effects of the cylinder-cylinder interaction are quantified using both visualization and high-resolution velocimetry. Vorticity fields reveal that a principal interaction effect is the weakening of the inner vortices of the system. We observe a nonlinear, threshold-type behavior of inner vortex formation around S/D=1.5. A correlation-based ensemble-averaging procedure extracts the persistent character of the unstable flow structures, and permits decomposition of the concentration fields into mean (deterministic) and fluctuating (stochastic) components. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Tomkins, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Vorobieff, Peter/B-3376-2011; Prestridge, Kathy/C-1137-2012; OI Prestridge, Kathy/0000-0003-2425-5086; Vorobieff, Peter/0000-0003-0631-7263 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD APR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 986 EP 1004 DI 10.1063/1.1555802 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 655JL UT WOS:000181547700012 ER PT J AU Graves, JP Sauter, O Gorelenkov, NN AF Graves, JP Sauter, O Gorelenkov, NN TI The internal kink mode in an anisotropic flowing plasma with application to modeling neutral beam injected sawtoothing discharges SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TOROIDAL ROTATION; STABILIZATION; TOKAMAK; JET; SAWTEETH; IONS; PARTICLES; STABILITY; PRESSURE AB For some time it has not been clear to what extent neutral injected beam ions have a stabilizing influence on sawteeth. To investigate this, the well known toroidal internal kink instability is generalized to account for weakly anisotropic and flowing equilibria. An analytical approach is proposed, which upon employing an appropriate model distribution function, accurately accounts for the hot ion response of neutral beam injection (NBI) to the internal kink mode. Large fluid contributions, which are expected to arise as a consequence of the anisotropic velocity deposition of NBI, are identified and shown to be stabilizing to the internal kink mode for populations with large passing fractions. In particular for tangential injection, such as that employed in the Joint European Torus [J. Wesson, Tokamaks, 2nd ed. (Oxford Science, Oxford, 1997), p. 581], it is found that fast ion stabilization can be dominated by anisotropic fluid effects rather than kinetic effects. In contrast, for predominantly trapped populations, the anisotropic fluid effects are destabilizing and thus reduce the stabilizing role of fast ions. This is especially evident for cases where the subsonic sheared toroidal plasma rotation induced by unbalanced NBI reduces kinetic stabilization. Sheared plasma rotation orientated either co or counter to the plasma current can reduce fast ion stabilization, but counter-rotation has the greatest effect by impeding the conservation of the third adiabatic invariant. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Graves, JP (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM jonathan.graves@epfl.eh NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1047 DI 10.1063/1.1557592 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 658PE UT WOS:000181728700015 ER PT J AU Lemke, RW Knudson, MD Hall, CA Haill, TA Desjarlais, PM Asay, JR Mehlhorn, TA AF Lemke, RW Knudson, MD Hall, CA Haill, TA Desjarlais, PM Asay, JR Mehlhorn, TA TI Characterization of magnetically accelerated flyer plates SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; CONDUCTIVITY AB The intense magnetic field generated by the 20 megaampere Z machine [R. B. Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories is being used as a pressure source for material science studies. An application we have studied in great detail involves using the intense magnetic field to accelerate flyer plates (small metal disks) to very high velocities (>20 km/s) for use in shock loading experiments. We have used highly accurate velocity interferometry measurements (error similar to1%) in conjunction with one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation to elucidate details of the flyer dynamics. One-dimensional MHD simulations are able to produce experimental results with a high degree of accuracy, thereby revealing otherwise unobtainable, but useful information about magnetically accelerated flyers on Z. Comparisons of simulation results with time-resolved measurements of velocity from a shock loading experiment involving a 925 mum aluminum flyer are presented. Results show that Joule heating related to magnetic diffusion constrains the minimum possible initial thickness of a flyer. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1092 EP 1099 DI 10.1063/1.1554740 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 658PE UT WOS:000181728700021 ER PT J AU Perlmutter, S AF Perlmutter, S TI Supernovae, dark energy, and the accelerating universe SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID IA SUPERNOVAE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; LAMBDA; OMEGA; DECELERATION; SEARCH C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perlmutter, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD APR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 4 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1063/1.1580050 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663CZ UT WOS:000181989800026 ER PT J AU Wenzel, WA Swanson, RA Mehlhop, WAW AF Wenzel, WA Swanson, RA Mehlhop, WAW TI Oreste Piccioni - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wenzel, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD APR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 4 BP 80 EP 81 DI 10.1063/1.1580064 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663CZ UT WOS:000181989800027 ER PT J AU Bales, BL Schwartz, RN Bowman, MK AF Bales, BL Schwartz, RN Bowman, MK TI Larry Kevan - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Bales, BL (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD APR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 4 BP 82 EP 83 DI 10.1063/1.1580066 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663CZ UT WOS:000181989800029 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI The Newton-Beethoven analogy SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD APR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674AF UT WOS:000182613600016 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW AF Milonni, PW TI Photon steam engines SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT News Item C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Milonni, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD APR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674AF UT WOS:000182613600029 ER PT J AU Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Mani, PA Duraisamy, A AF Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Mani, PA Duraisamy, A TI Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. II. Effect of lime addition SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE cadmium; calcium; heavy metal; immobilization; pH; phytoavailability; precipitation; surface charge ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; PLANT UPTAKE; CONTAMINATED SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; NEW-ZEALAND; ACID SOIL; PH LEVELS; CD; AVAILABILITY AB The effect of pH-increases due to Ca(OH)(2) and KOH addition on the adsorption of cadmium (Cd) was examined in two soils which varied in their variable-charge components. The effect of Ca(OH)(2) on immobilization and phytoavailability of Cd from one of the soils, treated with various levels of Cd (0-10 mg Cd kg(-1) soil), was further evaluated using mustard ( Brassica juncea L.) plants. Cadmium immobilization in soil was evaluated by a chemical fractionation scheme. The addition of Ca(OH)(2) and KOH increased the soil pH, thereby increasing the adsorption of Cd, the effect being more pronounced in the soil dominated by variable charge components. There was a greater increase in Cd2+ adsorption in the KOH-treated than the Ca(OH)(2)-treated soil, which is attributed to the greater competition of Ca2+ for adsorption. Increasing addition of Cd enhanced Cd concentration in plants, resulting in decreased plant growth (i.e., phytotoxicity). Although addition of Ca(OH)(2) effectively reduced Cd phytotoxicity, Cd uptake increased at the highest level, probably due to decreased Cd2+ adsorption resulting from increased Ca2+ competition. There was a significant inverse relationship between dry matter yield and Cd concentration in soil solution. Addition of Ca(OH)(2) decreased the concentration of the soluble + exchangeable Cd fraction but increased the concentration of inorganic-bound Cd fractions in soil. Since there was no direct evidence for CdCO3 or Cd(OH)(2) precipitation in the variable charge soil used for the plant growth experiment, alleviation of phytotoxicity can be attributed primarily to immobilization of Cd by enhanced pH-induced increases in negative charge. C1 Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 56 TC 81 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 44 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2003 VL 251 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1023/A:1023037706905 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 663LM UT WOS:000182007100001 ER PT J AU McDowell, N Brooks, JR Fitzgerald, SA Bond, BJ AF McDowell, N Brooks, JR Fitzgerald, SA Bond, BJ TI Carbon isotope discrimination and growth response of old Pinus ponderosa trees to stand density reductions SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; carbon isotopes; forest management; old growth; stem growth; tree rings ID SAPWOOD AREA; WATER-BALANCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; BASAL AREA; RINGS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FOLIAGE; RADIATA AB Stand density reductions have been proposed as a method by which old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa ) forests of North America can be converted back to pre-1900 conditions, thereby reducing the danger of catastrophic forest fires and insect attacks while increasing the productivity of the remaining old-growth individuals. However, the duration of productivity response of individual trees and the physiological mechanisms underlying such a response remain speculative issues, particularly in old trees. Tree-ring measurements of carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) and basal area increment (BAI) were used to assess the response of intrinsic water-use efficiency (the ratio of photosynthesis, A to stomatal conductance, g ) and growth of individual> 250-year-old-ponderosa pine trees to stand density reductions. It was hypothesized that reductions in stand density would increase soil moisture availability, thus decreasing canopy A/g and increasing carbon isotope discrimination (Delta). Cellulose-delta(13)C of annual tree rings, soil water availability (estimated from pre-dawn leaf water potential), photosynthetic capacity, stem basal growth and xylem anatomy were measured in individual trees within three pairs of thinned and un-thinned stands. The thinned stands were treated 7 to 15 years prior to measurement. The values of delta(13)C and BAI were assessed for 20 consecutive years overlapping the date of thinning in a single intensively studied stand, and was measured for 3 years on either side of the date of thinning for the two other stands to assess the generality of the response. After thinning, Delta increased by 0.89parts per thousand (+/- 0.15parts per thousand). The trees in the un-thinned stands showed no change in Delta (0.00parts per thousand +/- 0.04parts per thousand). In the intensively studied trees, significant differences were expressed in the first growing season after the thinning took place but it took 6 years before the full 0.89parts per thousand difference was observed. BAI doubled or tripled after disturbance, depending on the stand, and the increased BAI lasted up to 15 years after thinning. In the intensively studied trees, the BAI response did not begin until 3 years after the Delta response, peaked 1 year after the Delta peak, and then BAI and Delta oscillated in unison. The lag between BAI and Delta was not due to slow changes in anatomical properties of the sapwood, because tracheid dimensions and sapwood-specific conductivity remained unchanged after disturbance. The Delta response of thinned trees indicated that A /g decreased after thinning. Photosynthetic capacity, as indexed by foliar nitrogen ([N]) and by the relationship between photosynthesis and internal CO2 (A-C-i curves), was unchanged by thinning, confirming our suspicion that the decline in A /g was due to a relatively greater increase in g in comparison with A . Model estimates agreed with this conclusion, predicting that g increased by nearly 25% after thinning relative to a 15% increase in A . Pre-dawn leaf water potential averaged 0.11 MPa (+/- 0.03 MPa) less negative for the thinned compared with the un-thinned trees in all stands, and was strongly correlated with Delta post-thinning (R-2 = 0.91). There was a strong relationship between BAI and modelled A , suggesting that changes in water availability and g have a significant effect on carbon assimilation and growth of these old trees. These results confirm that stand density reductions result in increased growth of individual trees via increased stomatal conductance. Furthermore, they show that a physiological response to stand density reductions can last for up to 15 years in old ponderosa pines if stand leaf area is not fully re-established. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McDowell, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, EES-6,MSD-462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 69 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 631 EP 644 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00999.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 663MP UT WOS:000182009600015 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Schaffer, R West, M Wisman, E AF Horvath, DP Schaffer, R West, M Wisman, E TI Arabidopsis microarrays identify conserved and differentially expressed genes involved in shoot growth and development from distantly related plant species SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microarray; development; heterologous hybridization; growth ID LEAFY SPURGE; CELL-CYCLE; PATTERNS; DORMANCY; GENOMICS AB Expressed sequence tags (EST)-based microarrays are powerful tools for gene discovery and signal transduction studies in a small number of well-characterized species. To explore the usefulness of this technique for poorly characterized species, we have hybridized the 11 522-element Arabidopsis microarrays with labeled cDNAs from mature leaf and shoot apices from several different species. Expression of 23 to 47% of the genes on the array was detected, demonstrating that a large number of genes from distantly related species can be surveyed on Arabidopsis arrays. Differential expression of genes with known functions was indicative of the physiological state of the tissues tested. Genes involved in cell division, stress responses, and development were conserved and expressed preferentially in growing shoots. C1 USDA, Biosci Res Lab, ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Hort Res, Auckland, New Zealand. USDA, ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA, Biosci Res Lab, ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Schaffer, Robert/D-1018-2011; OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 17 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01706.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 660YH UT WOS:000181862400012 PM 12662315 ER PT J AU Semin, BK Davletshina, LN Novakova, AA Kiseleva, T Lanchinskaya, VY Aleksandrov, AY Seifulina, N Ivanov, II Seibert, M Rubin, AB AF Semin, BK Davletshina, LN Novakova, AA Kiseleva, T Lanchinskaya, VY Aleksandrov, AY Seifulina, N Ivanov, II Seibert, M Rubin, AB TI Accumulation of ferrous iron in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Influence of CO2 and anaerobic induction of the reversible hydrogenase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; YEAST; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE; MUTANTS; DAMAGE; SITE AB The green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, can photoproduce molecular H-2 via ferredoxin and the reversible [Fe]hydrogenase enzyme under anaerobic conditions. Recently, a novel approach for sustained H-2 gas photoproduction was discovered in cell cultures subjected to S-deprived conditions (A. Melis, L. Zhang, M. Forestier, M.L. Ghirardi, M. Seibert [2000] Plant Physiol 122: 127-135). The close relationship between S and Fe in the H-2-production process is of interest because Fe-S clusters are constituents of both ferredoxin and hydrogenase. In this study, we used Mossbauer spectroscopy to examine both the uptake of Fe by the alga at different CO2 concentrations during growth and the influence of anaerobiosis on the accumulation of Fe. Algal cells grown in media with Fe-57(III) at elevated (3%, v/v) CO2 concentration exhibit elevated levels of Fe and have two comparable pools of the ion: (a) Fe(III) with Mossbauer parameters of quadrupole splitting = 0.65 mm s(-1) and isomeric shift = 0.46 mm s(-1) and (b) Fe(II) with quadrupole splitting = 3.1 mm s(-1) and isomeric shift = 1.36 mm s(-1). Disruption of the cells and use of the specific Fe chelator, bathophenanthroline, have demonstrated that the Fe(II) pool is located inside the cell. The amount of Fe(III) in the cells increases with the age of the algal culture, whereas the amount of Fe(II) remains constant on a chlorophyll basis. Growing the algae under atmospheric CO2 (limiting) conditions, compared with 3% (v/v) CO, resulted in a decrease in the intracellular Fe(II) content by a factor of 3. Incubating C. reinhardtii cells, grown at atmospheric CO2 for 3 h in the dark under anaerobic conditions, not only induced hydrogenase activity but also increased the Fe(II) content in the cells up to the saturation level observed in cells grown aerobically at high CO2. This result is novel and suggests a correlation between the amount of Fe(II) cations stored in the cells, the CO2 concentration, and anaerobiosis. A comparison of Fe-uptake results with a cyanobacterium, yeast, and algae suggests that the intracellular Fe(II) pool in C. reinhardtii may reside in the cell vacuole. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Seibert, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Kiseleva, Tatiana/H-4060-2012 OI Kiseleva, Tatiana/0000-0003-4714-2869 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 131 IS 4 BP 1756 EP 1764 DI 10.1104/pp.102.018200 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717FQ UT WOS:000185076400025 PM 12692334 ER PT J AU Munsat, T Mazzucato, E Park, H Domier, CW Luhmann, NC Donne, AJH van de Pol, M AF Munsat, T Mazzucato, E Park, H Domier, CW Luhmann, NC Donne, AJH van de Pol, M TI Laboratory characterization of an imaging reflectometer system SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE REFLECTOMETRY; TURBULENT FLUCTUATIONS; PLASMAS; TOKAMAKS; LENGTH AB While microwave reflectometry has proven to be a sensitive tool for measuring electron density fluctuations in many circumstances, it has also been shown to have limited viability for core measurements and/or conditions of strong turbulence. To this end, a new instrument based on two-dimensional imaging reflectometry has been developed to measure density fluctuations over an extended plasma region in the TEXTOR tokamak. Laboratory characterization of this instrument has been performed using corrugated reflecting targets as an approximation to plasma reflections including two-dimensional turbulent fluctuations of various magnitude and poloidal wavenumber. Within this approximation, the imaging reflectometer can recover the spectral and spatial characteristics of the reflection layer lost to or otherwise inaccessible to conventional techniques. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FOM, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP Munsat, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD APR PY 2003 VL 45 IS 4 BP 469 EP 487 AR PII S0741-3335(03)58124-6 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/4/311 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671GQ UT WOS:000182457300011 ER PT J AU Bass, SA AF Bass, SA TI QGP theory: Status and perspectives SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci DE quark gluon plasma; heavy-ion collisions ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HOT HADRONIC MATTER; CHARGED-PARTICLE RATIO; HIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS; PB-PB COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; CHEMICAL EQUILIBRATION; STRANGENESS PRODUCTION AB The current status of quark gluon plasma theory is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on QGP signatures, the interpretation of current data and what to expect from RHIC in the near future. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bass, SA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Box 90305, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM bass@phy.duke.edu OI Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 135 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 EI 0973-7111 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 60 IS 4 SI SI BP 593 EP 612 DI 10.1007/BF02705161 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 672PK UT WOS:000182529400003 ER PT J AU Drees, A AF Drees, A CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Heavy ion collisions at collider energies - Insights from PHENIX SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci ID CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; TRANSVERSE ENERGY; MULTIPLICITY; PARTICLE; QCD C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. IHEP, Protvino, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. PNPI, Gatchina, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines,SUBATECH, F-44307 Nantes 3, France. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RMKI, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. RP Drees, A (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM drees@skipperphysics.sunysb.edu RI Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Tannenbaum, Michael/0000-0002-8840-5314; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-5992-1221 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 8 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 60 IS 4 SI SI BP 639 EP 650 DI 10.1007/BF02705164 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 672PK UT WOS:000182529400006 ER PT J AU Schafer, T AF Schafer, T TI Superdense matter SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conferene on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci DE quantum chromodynamics; dense matter ID DENSITY QUARK MATTER; COLOR-FLAVOR-LOCKING; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; HIGH BARYON DENSITY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; FINITE-DENSITY; GROUND-STATE; QCD; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHASE AB We review recent work on the phase structure of QCD at very high baryon density. We introduce the phenomenon of color superconductivity and discuss the use of weak coupling methods. We study the phase structure as a function of the number of flavors and their masses. We also introduce effective theories that describe low energy excitations at high baryon density. Finally, we comment on the possibility of kaon condensation at very large baryon density. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schafer, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 60 IS 4 SI SI BP 697 EP + DI 10.1007/BF02705169 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 672PK UT WOS:000182529400011 ER PT J AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L TI What have we learned from relativistic heavy-ion collider? SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; FINITE TEMPERATURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; PB COLLISIONS; MONTE-CARLO; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE AB In this talk, I present what I believe we have learned from the recent RHIC heavy ion experiments. The goal of these experiments is to make and study matter at very high energy densities, greater than an order of magnitude larger than that of nuclear matter. Have we made such matter? What have we learned about the properties of this matter? What do we-hope and expect to learn in the future?. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM mclerran@bnl.gov NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 60 IS 4 SI SI BP 765 EP 786 DI 10.1007/BF02705174 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 672PK UT WOS:000182529400016 ER PT J AU Emerson, JP Cabelli, DE Kurtz, DM AF Emerson, JP Cabelli, DE Kurtz, DM TI An engineered two-iron superoxide reductase lacking the [Fe(SCYS)(4)] site retains its catalytic properties in vitro and in vivo SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; 2Fe-SOR; 1Fe-SOR; pulse-radiolysis ID OXIDATIVE STRESS PROTECTION; RBO GENE-PRODUCT; DESULFOARCULUS-BAARSII; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; RUBREDOXIN OXIDOREDUCTASE; OXYGEN DETOXIFICATION; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS AB Superoxide reductases (SORB) contain a characteristic square-pyramidal [Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] active site that catalyzes reduction of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide in several anaerobic bacteria and archaea. Some SORB, referred to as two-iron SORB (2Fe-SORs), also contain a lower-potential [Fe(SCys)(4)] site that is presumed to have an electron transfer function. However, the intra- and inter-subunit distances between [Fe(SCys)(4)] and [Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] iron centers within the 2Fe-SOR homodimer seem too long for efficient electron transfer between these sites. The possible role of the [Fe(SCys)(4)] site in 2Fe-SORB was addressed in this work by examination of an engineered Desulfovibrio vulgaris 2Fe-SOR variant, C13S, in which one ligand residue of the [Fe(SCys)(4)] site, cysteine 13, was changed to serine. This single amino acid residue change destroyed the native [Fe(SCys)(4)] site with complete loss of its iron, but left the [Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] site and the protein homodimer intact. The spectroscopic, redox and superoxide reactivity properties of the [Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] site in the C13S variant were nearly indistinguishable from those of the wild-type 2Fe-SOR. Aerobic growth complementation of a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-deficient Escherichia coli strain showed that the presence of the [Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] site in C13S 2Fe-SOR was apparently sufficient to catalyze reduction of the intracellular superoxide to nonlethal levels. As is the case for the wild-type protein, C13S 2Fe-SOR did not show any detectable SOD activity, i.e., destruction of the [Fe(SCys)(4)] site did not unmask latent SOD activity of the [Fe(NHis)(4)(SCys)] site. Possible alternative roles for the [Fe(SCys)(4)] site in 2Fe-SORB are considered. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Metalloenzyme Studies, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11972 USA. RP Kurtz, DM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30605 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM040388, GM 40388] NR 47 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 7 BP 3802 EP 3807 DI 10.1073/pnas.0537177100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 664JR UT WOS:000182058400050 PM 12637682 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Zhou, JZ Omelchenko, MV Beliaev, AS Venkateswaran, A Stair, J Wu, LY Thompson, DK Xu, D Rogozin, IB Gaidamakova, EK Zhai, M Makarova, KS Koonin, EV Daly, MJ AF Liu, YQ Zhou, JZ Omelchenko, MV Beliaev, AS Venkateswaran, A Stair, J Wu, LY Thompson, DK Xu, D Rogozin, IB Gaidamakova, EK Zhai, M Makarova, KS Koonin, EV Daly, MJ TI Transcriptome dynamics of Deinococcus radiodurans recovering from ionizing radiation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUDIX HYDROLASES; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRAND BREAKS; DNA-BINDING; GENOME; PROTEIN; REPAIR; RECA; RECOMBINATION AB Deinococcus radiodurans R1 (DEIRA) is a bacterium best known for its extreme resistance to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotype remain poorly understood. To define the repertoire of DEIRA genes responding to acute irradiation (15 kGy), transcriptome dynamics were examined in cells representing early, middle, and late phases of recovery by using DNA microarrays covering approximate to94% of its predicted genes. At least at one time point during DEIRA recovery, 832 genes (28% of the genome) were induced and 451 genes (15%) were repressed 2-fold or more. The expression patterns of the majority of the induced genes resemble the previously characterized expression profile of recA after irradiation. DEIRA recA, which is central to genomic restoration after irradiation, is substantially up-regulated on DNA damage (early phase) and down-regulated before the onset of exponential growth (late phase). Many other genes were expressed later in recovery, displaying a growth-related pattern of induction. Genes induced in the early phase of recovery included those involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination, cell wall metabolism, cellular transport, and many encoding uncharacterized proteins. Collectively, the microarray data suggest that DEIRA cells efficiently coordinate their recovery by a complex network, within which both DNA repair and metabolic functions play critical roles. Components of this network include a predicted distinct ATP-dependent DNA ligase and metabolic pathway switching that could prevent additional genomic damage elicited by metabolism-induced free radicals. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NIH, Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016 OI Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632 NR 48 TC 211 Z9 229 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 7 BP 4191 EP 4196 DI 10.1073/pnas.0630387100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 664JR UT WOS:000182058400118 PM 12651953 ER PT J AU Wang, H Shimizu, E Tang, YP Cho, M Kyin, M Zuo, WQ Robinson, DA Alaimo, PJ Zhang, C Morimoto, H Zhuo, M Feng, RB Shokat, KM Tsien, JZ AF Wang, H Shimizu, E Tang, YP Cho, M Kyin, M Zuo, WQ Robinson, DA Alaimo, PJ Zhang, C Morimoto, H Zhuo, M Feng, RB Shokat, KM Tsien, JZ TI Inducible protein knockout reveals temporal requirement of CaMKII reactivation for memory consolidation in the brain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; GRADED RETROGRADE-AMNESIA; II MUTANT MICE; CONTEXTUAL FEAR; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; TYROSINE KINASE; HIPPOCAMPUS; REINFORCEMENT; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION AB By integrating convergent protein engineering and rational inhibitor design, we have developed an in vivo conditional protein knockout and/or manipulation technology. This method is based on the creation of a specific interaction interface between a modified protein domain and sensitized inhibitors. By introducing this system into genetically modified mice, we can readily manipulate the activity of a targeted protein; such as alpha-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alphaCAMKII), on the time scale of minutes in specific brain subregions of freely behaving mice. With this inducible and region-specific protein knockout technique; we analyzed the temporal stages of memory consolidation process and revealed the first postlearning week as the critical time window during which a precise level of CaMKII reactivation is essential for the consolidation of long-term memories in the brain. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Biol Mol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Neurobiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labeling Facil & Struct Biol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. E China Normal Univ, Shanghai Inst Brain Funct Genom, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Tsien, JZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Biol Mol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Zhuo, Min/A-2072-2008; Tang, Ya-Ping/A-1035-2011 OI Zhuo, Min/0000-0001-9062-3241; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001237, P41RR01237]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI044009, AI44009] NR 44 TC 104 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 7 BP 4287 EP 4292 DI 10.1073/pnas.0636870100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 664JR UT WOS:000182058400134 PM 12646704 ER PT J AU Roeske, F Benterou, J Lee, R Roos, E AF Roeske, F Benterou, J Lee, R Roos, E TI Cutting and machining energetic materials with a femtosecond laser SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE energetic materials; cutting; machining; femtosecond laser AB A femtosecond (fs) laser has been used as a tool for solving many problems involving access, machining, disassembly, inspection and avoidance of undesirable hazardous waste streams in systems containing energetic materials. Because of the unique properties of the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with matter, the femtosecond laser can be used to safely cut these energetic materials in a precise manner without creating an unacceptable waste stream. Many types of secondary high explosives (HE) and propellants have been cut with the laser for a variety of applications ranging from disassembly of aging conventional weapons (demilitarization), inspection of energetic components of aging systems to creating unique shapes of HE for purposes of initiation and detonation physics studies. Hundreds of samples of energetic materials have been cut with the fs laser without ignition and, in most cases, without changing the surface morphology of the cut surfaces. The laser has also been useful in cutting nonenergetic components in close proximity to energetic materials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roeske, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1002/prep.200390008 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 677WC UT WOS:000182830900001 ER PT J AU Esposito, AP Farber, DL Reaugh, JE Zaug, JM AF Esposito, AP Farber, DL Reaugh, JE Zaug, JM TI Reaction propagation rates in HMX at high pressure SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE reaction propagation rate; HMX; diamond anvil cell; deflagration ID SOLID ROCKET; CALIBRATION; PROPELLANTS; SIMULATIONS; EXPLOSIVES; GAUGE AB We have measured the reaction propagation rate (RPR), or deflagration rate, in octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) powder in a diamond anvil cell over the pressure range 0.7-35 GPa. Numerical simulations of the RPR of pressurized HMX were also performed for comparison to the experimental results obtained. The simulated RPR values closely approximate the observed rates at pressures up to 3 GPa, and serve as a bridge to lower-pressure deflagration rates for HMX in the literature. However, at higher pressures the simulated RPR values deviate significantly from our experimental results. This suggests that further refinement to the computational model is required for the calculated RPR values to approach those observed at higher pressures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Esposito, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM esposito4@llnl.gov RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1002/prep.200390013 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 677WC UT WOS:000182830900006 ER PT J AU Mura, C Kozhukhovsky, A Gingery, M Phillips, M Eisenberg, D AF Mura, C Kozhukhovsky, A Gingery, M Phillips, M Eisenberg, D TI The oligomerization and ligand-binding properties of Sm-like archaeal proteins (SmAPs) SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ribonucleoprotein; Sm protein; protein polymerization; uridine binding; OB fold ID NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN-PARTICLES; SNRNP CORE; RNA-BINDING; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SPLICEOSOMAL SNRNPS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; IN-VITRO; DOMAIN; COMPLEX; MODEL AB Intron splicing is a prime example of the many types of RNA processing catalyzed by small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complexes. Sm proteins form the cores of most snRNPs, and thus to learn principles of snRNP assembly we characterized the oligomerization and ligand-binding properties of Sm-like archaeal proteins (SmAPs) from Pyrobaculum aerophilum (Pae) and Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum (Mth). Ultracentrifugation shows that Mth SmAP1 is exclusively heptameric in solution, whereas Pae SmAP1 forms either disulfide-bonded 14-mers or sub-heptameric states (depending on the redox potential). By electron microscopy, we show that Pae and Mth SmAP1 polymerize into bundles of well ordered fibers that probably form by head-to-tail stacking of heptamers. The crystallographic results reported here corroborate these findings by showing heptamers and 14-mers of both Mth and Pae SmAP1 in four new crystal forms. The 1.9 Angstrom-resolution structure of Mth SmAP1 bound to uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP) reveals conserved ligand-binding sites. The likely RNA binding site in Mth agrees with that determined for Archaeoglobus fulgidus (Afu) SmAP1. Finally, we found that both Pae and Mth SmAP1 gel-shift negatively supercoiled DNA. These results distinguish SmAPs from eukaryotic Sin proteins and suggest that SmAPs have a generic single-stranded nucleic acid-binding activity. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Ctr Genomics & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 52 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 832 EP 847 DI 10.1110/ps.0224703 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 657BW UT WOS:000181646400020 PM 12649441 ER PT J AU Lim, K Zhang, H Tempczyk, A Krajewski, W Bonander, N Toedt, J Howard, A Eisenstein, E Herzberg, O AF Lim, K Zhang, H Tempczyk, A Krajewski, W Bonander, N Toedt, J Howard, A Eisenstein, E Herzberg, O TI Structure of the YibK methyltransferase from Haemophilus influenzae (HI0766): A cofactor bound at a site formed by a knot SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RECOGNITION; METHYLATION AB The crystal structures of YibK from Haemophilus influenzae (1110766) have been determined with and without bound cofactor product S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) at 1.7 and 2.0 Angstrom resolution, respectively. The molecule adopts an alpha/beta fold, with a topology that differs from that of the classical methyltransferases. Most notably, HI0766 contains a striking knot that forms the binding crevice for the cofactor. The knot formation is correlated with an alternative arrangement of the secondary structure units compared with the classical methyltransferases. Two loop regions undergo conformational changes upon AdoHcy binding. In contrast to the extended conformation of the cofactor seen in the classical methyltransferase structures, AdoHcy binds to HI0766 in a bent conformation. HI0766 and its close sequence relatives are all shorter versions of the more remotely related rRNA/tRNA methyltransferases of the spoU sequence family. We propose that the spoU sequence family contains the same core domain for cofactor binding as HI0766 but has an additional domain for substrate binding. The substrate-binding domain is absent in HI0766 sequence family and may be provided by another Haemophilus influenzae partner protein, which is yet to be identified. Proteins 2003;51:56-67. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Biol Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM57890] NR 44 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1002/prot.10323 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 651MF UT WOS:000181323200005 PM 12596263 ER PT J AU Hartmann, T Paviet-Hartmann, P Wetteland, C Lu, NP AF Hartmann, T Paviet-Hartmann, P Wetteland, C Lu, NP TI Spectroscopic determination of hypochlorous acid, in chloride brine solutions, featuring 5 MeV proton beam line experiments SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 5 MeV proton irradiation; hypochlorous acid; hypochlorite; spectrophotometry; brine solution ID CONCENTRATED NACL SOLUTIONS; RADIOLYTIC OXIDATION AB The irradiation effects of 4.9 MeV protons on salt repository related brines are investigated spectrophotometrically. The induced formation of hypochlorous acid is determined up to doses of 11 kGy in 3.7 M MgCl2.6H(2)O and in a multicomponent brine of high concentration: Brine G. The build-up of hypochlorous acid to a steady-state concentration is found to be independent on the chloride concentration. The ultimate objective of this experiment is the estimation of the G value for HOCl in which meaningful predictions of long-term redox conditions in a nuclear repository strongly depend on. This paper describes our first steps towards the determination of HOCl. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hartmann, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 5 BP 335 EP 341 AR PII S0969-806X(02)00407-3 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(02)00407-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 668UK UT WOS:000182311400004 ER PT J AU Stenerlow, B Karlsson, KH Cooper, B Rydberg, B AF Stenerlow, B Karlsson, KH Cooper, B Rydberg, B TI Measurement of prompt DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells without including heat-labile sites: Results for cells deficient in nonhomologous end joining SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INVERSION GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHEF ELECTROPHORESIS; X-IRRADIATION; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ION IRRADIATION; SINGLE-STRAND; BASE RELEASE; RADIATION; REPAIR AB Ionizing radiation induces prompt single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks in DNA. In addition, labile sites are induced that can be converted to breaks by heat or mild alkali. When such labile lesions are present within multiply damaged sites, additional double-strand breaks can form. Current protocols for measurement of DNA double-strand breaks involve a lysis step at an elevated temperature, and consequently breaks from heat-labile sites will be generated during lysis and will be included in the measurement. However, such sites may not develop into breaks within the cell and therefore may not need DNA double-strand break repair processes for elimination. We present here a new lysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol that is carried out entirely at 0-4degreesC and thus avoids inclusion of heat-labile sites in the measurement. The new recommended lysis procedure involves two steps: The first step includes proteinase K, which has sufficient activity at 0degreesC to support lysis, and the second step includes a high-salt buffer to further free the DNA from proteins and other cellular structures. Using various tests, we conclude that lysis is sufficient with this procedure to allow accurate determination of double-strand breaks by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Using the new protocol, it was found that heat-labile sites account for 30% of the initial number of double-strand breaks measured by conventional protocols after exposure to low-LET radiation. In addition, we show that heat-labile sites that can be converted to double-strand breaks are repaired with fast kinetics and are almost completely eliminated after 1 h at 37degreesC. A study of cells deficient in nonhomologous end joining reveals that the residual fast repair response typically seen in such cells is solely due to repair at heat-labile sites and is not due to repair of prompt DSBs. (C) 2003 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Uppsala, Div Biomed Radiat Sci, Rudbeck Lab, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Rydberg, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA80207] NR 38 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 159 IS 4 BP 502 EP 510 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0502:MOPDDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 663MU UT WOS:000182010000008 PM 12643795 ER PT J AU Vijayalaxmi Sasser, LB Morris, JE Wilson, BW Anderson, LE AF Vijayalaxmi Sasser, LB Morris, JE Wilson, BW Anderson, LE TI Genotoxic potential of 1.6 GHz wireless communication signal: In vivo two-year bioassay SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO EXPOSURE; DNA-DAMAGE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; MICROWAVE EXPOSURE; HUMAN-LEUKOCYTES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GSM MICROWAVES; MICRONUCLEI; INDUCTION AB Timed-pregnant Fischer 344 rats (from nineteenth day of gestation) and their nursing offspring (until weaning) were exposed to a far-field 1.6 GHz Iridium wireless communication signal for 2 h/day, 7 days/week. Far-field whole-body exposures were conducted with a field intensity of 0.43 mW/cm(2) and whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.036 to 0.077 W/kg (0.10 to 0.22 W/kg in the brain). This was followed by chronic, head-only exposures of male and female offspring to a near-field 1.6 GHz signal for 2 h/day, 5 days/week, over 2 years. Near-field exposures were conducted at an SAR of 0.16 or 1.6 W/kg in the brain. Concurrent sham-exposed and cage control rats were also included in the study. At the end of 2 years, all rats were necropsied. Bone marrow smears were examined for the extent of genotoxicity,assessed from the presence of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes. The results indicated that the incidence of micronuclei/2000 polychromatic erythrocytes were not significantly different between 1.6 GHz-exposed, sham-exposed and cage control rats. The group mean frequencies were 5.6 +/- 1.8 (130 rats exposed to 1.6 GHz at 0.16 W/kg SAR), 5.4 +/- 1.5 (135 rats exposed to 1.6 GHz at 1.6 W/kg SAR), 5.6 +/- 1.7 (119 sham-exposed rats), and 5.8 +/- 1.8 (100 cage control rats). In contrast, positive control rats treated with mitomycin C exhibited significantly elevated incidence of micronuclei/2000 polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow cells; the mean frequency was 38.2 +/- 7.0 (five rats). Thus there was no evidence for excess genotoxicity in rats that were chronically exposed to 1.6 GHz compared to sham-exposed and cage controls. (C) 2003 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vijayalaxmi (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 159 IS 4 BP 558 EP 564 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 663MU UT WOS:000182010000014 PM 12643801 ER PT J AU Martz, HF Hamada, MS AF Martz, HF Hamada, MS TI Uncertainty in counts and operating time in estimating Poisson occurrence rates SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Poisson rate; data uncertainties; Bayesian; Markov chain Monte Carlo AB When quantifying a plant-specific Poisson event occurrence rate lambda in PRA studies, it is sometimes the case that either the reported plant-specific number of events x or the operating time t (or both) are uncertain. We present a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method that can be used to obtain the required average posterior distribution of lambda which reflects the corresponding uncertainty in x and/or t. The method improves upon existing methods and is also easy to implement using hierarchical Bayesian software that is freely available from the Web. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp D1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martz, HF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp D1, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 AR PII S0951-8320(02)00267-3 DI 10.1016/S0951-8320(02)00267-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 650UG UT WOS:000181281300007 ER PT J AU Price, DL Saboungi, ML Bermejo, FJ AF Price, DL Saboungi, ML Bermejo, FJ TI Dynamical aspects of disorder in condensed matter SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIQUID-GLASS-TRANSITION; MODE-COUPLING THEORY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; LENNARD-JONES MIXTURE; ANOMALOUS TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; DEFINED COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RELAXATION AB This work reviews progress in the field of the dynamics of disordered condensed matter, encompassing materials where at least one component lacks either rotational or translational long-range order. Systems in thermodynamic equilibrium as well as those where some aspect of the disorder is frozen into a glassy state are discussed. The most relevant experimental methods are reviewed, as well as recent advances in computer simulation, which is becoming increasingly important in this field. Examples of recent applications of these techniques to study the various aspects of dynamical disorder are then provided. The final section highlights common features of the dynamics exhibited by different systems, and discusses prospects for the future development of the field. C1 Ctr Rech Mat Hautes Temp, F-45071 Orleans, France. Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ Basque Country, Dept Elect & Elect, Bilbao 48080, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ctr Rech Mat Hautes Temp, F-45071 Orleans, France. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 384 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 4 BP 407 EP 480 AR PII S0034-4885(03)18696-4 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/201 PG 74 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674GF UT WOS:000182628500001 ER PT J AU Feller, I Gamota, G Valdez, W AF Feller, I Gamota, G Valdez, W TI Developing science indicators for basic science offices within mission agencies SO RESEARCH EVALUATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Science and Technology Indicatiors CY SEP 25-28, 2002 CL KARLSRUHE, GERMANY ID PERFORMANCE-MEASUREMENT; TECHNOLOGY AB This paper starts with an analysis of how political and organizational factors shape the general and specific criteria used to determine the set of science indicators that will be used to assess a science agency's performance and then proceeds to develop an approach that can be used to assess the appropriateness of specific indicators and indicator methodologies. C1 Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. Sci & Technol Management Associates, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. US DOE, Off Sci, Off Planning & Anal, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEECH TREE PUBLISHING PI GUILDFORD PA 10 WATFORD CLOSE,, GUILDFORD GU1 2EP, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0958-2029 J9 RES EVALUAT JI Res. Evaluat. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.3152/147154403781776762 PG 9 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 715CH UT WOS:000184952600007 ER PT J AU Chen, G Rockhold, M Strevett, KA AF Chen, G Rockhold, M Strevett, KA TI Equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of bacteria on alluvial sand and surface thermodynamic interpretation SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; bacteria; alluvial sand; surface free energy ID POROUS-MEDIA; CONTAMINANT SORPTION; AQUIFER MATERIAL; TRANSPORT; ADHESION; IMPACT; DEPOSITION; COLUMNS; MODEL; PHENANTHRENE AB Equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of Echerichia coli HB 101, E. coli JM 109, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas sp. on alluvial sand from the Canadian River alluvium (Norman, OK) was investigated through column experiments. Equilibrium adsorption of these five bacterial strains followed the Freundlich expression and was a function of zero energy points, an indication of the zero energy buffer zone. Among the microorganisms studied, P. putida had the greatest equilibrium adsorption (162.4 x 10(8) cell/g sediment with a microbial injectate concentration of 10(8) cell/ml), followed by Pseudomonas sp. (127.9 x 10(8) cell/g sediment), E. coli HB 101 (62.8 x 10(8) cell/g sediment), E. coli JM 109 (58.4 x 10(8) cell/g sediment), and R fluorescens (42.6 x 10(8) cell/g sediment). The first-order kinetic adsorption rate coefficient was an exponential function of the total interaction free energy between the bacteria and sediment evaluated at the primary minimum, DeltaG(132)(TOT) (pM). E. coli HB 101 had the greatest kinetic adsorption rate coefficient on the sediment (5.10 h(-1)), followed by E. coli JM 109 (4.52 h(-1)), P. fluorescens (2.12 h(-1)), R putida (2.04 h(-1)), and Pseudomonas sp. (1.34 h(-1)). (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Bioenvironm Engn & Environm Sci Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA USA. RP Strevett, KA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Bioenvironm Engn & Environm Sci Lab, 202 W Boyd St,Room 334, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 154 IS 3 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0923-2508(03)00033-0 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 676RY UT WOS:000182767100004 PM 12706506 ER PT J AU Jiang, X Ji, Q Chang, A Leung, KN AF Jiang, X Ji, Q Chang, A Leung, KN TI Mini rf-driven ion sources for focused ion beam systems SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED PLASMA DISCHARGE; H-MODE TRANSITION; INDUCTIVE DISCHARGES; HYSTERESIS; STABILITY; COIL AB Mini rf-driven ion sources with 1.2 cm and 1.5 cm inner chamber diameter have been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Several gas species have been tested including argon, krypton, and hydrogen. These mini ion sources operate in inductively coupled mode and are capable of generating high current density ion beams at tens of watts of absorbed rf power. Since the plasma potential is relatively low in the plasma chamber, these mini ion sources can function reliably without any perceptible sputtering damage of the chamber wall. The mini rf-driven ion sources will be combined with electrostatic focusing columns, and are capable of producing nanofocused ion beams for micromachining and semiconductor fabrications. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jiang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 2288 EP 2292 DI 10.1063/1.1556944 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660JA UT WOS:000181829000006 ER PT J AU Furno, I Intrator, T Torbert, E Carey, C Cash, MD Campbell, JK Fienup, WJ Werley, CA Wurden, GA Fiksel, G AF Furno, I Intrator, T Torbert, E Carey, C Cash, MD Campbell, JK Fienup, WJ Werley, CA Wurden, GA Fiksel, G TI Reconnection scaling experiment: A new device for three-dimensional magnetic reconnection studies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LINE RECONNECTION; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; LABORATORY PLASMA; CURRENT SHEET; FIELD; ASTROPHYSICS; TURBULENCE AB The reconnection scaling experiment (RSX), a linear device for studying three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in both collisional and collisionless laboratory plasmas, has been constructed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Advanced experimental features of the RSX that lead to scientific advantages include the use of simple technology (commercial plasma guns) to create plasma and current channels. Physics motivations, design and construction features of the RSX, are presented. Basic plasma parameters that characterize the RSX are shown together with preliminary measurements of visible light emission during the merging of two parallel current channels. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Furno, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 54 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 2324 EP 2331 DI 10.1063/1.1544051 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660JA UT WOS:000181829000011 ER PT J AU Stoica, AD Wang, XL AF Stoica, AD Wang, XL TI Neutron lens by superposition of glancing reflections SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MIRRORS; OPTICS AB A neutron lens can lead to substantial intensity gains in neutron scattering experiments by imaging a source directly onto the sample. A design is proposed for a compact neutron lens made of a stack of silicon wafers, each coated with a neutron-reflective supermirror on one side and a neutron-absorbing layer on the other. We show that for imaging, the length of each mirror is a function of its distance from the optical axis, y, following a simple 1/y relationship. Uniform bending of the mirror assembly decreases the spatial aberration. The optimal design to minimize the optical spatial aberrations is discussed and Monte Carlo simulation results are presented. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Stoica, AD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 2463 EP 2466 DI 10.1063/1.1556946 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660JA UT WOS:000181829000028 ER PT J AU Jackson, DD Aracne-Ruddle, C Malba, V Weir, ST Catledge, SA Vohra, YK AF Jackson, DD Aracne-Ruddle, C Malba, V Weir, ST Catledge, SA Vohra, YK TI Magnetic susceptibility measurements at high pressure using designer diamond anvils SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; SCALE; CELL AB High pressure magnetic susceptibility experiments can yield valuable insights into the changes in magnetic behavior and electron correlation properties which can accompany extreme compressions of matter. However, magnetic susceptibility experiments with ultrahigh pressure diamond anvil cells are extremely challenging due to the very small size of the high-pressure sample (approximate to75 mum diameter) and the difficulty of obtaining good coupling between the sample and the sensing coil. As a result, measurement sensitivity and poor signal-to-background ratios tend to be serious concerns which limit the applicability of these experiments. We present here a new approach to high-pressure ac magnetic susceptibility experiments that involve specially fabricated diamond anvils with diamond encapsulated sensing microcoils which are located just 10-20 mum from the high-pressure sample. We also present some test results taken with a gadolinium sample in order to demonstrate the viability of this high-pressure ac susceptibility technique. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Jackson, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM djackson@mailaps.org RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012; Jackson, Damon/A-5748-2013 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 2467 EP 2471 DI 10.1063/1.1544084 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660JA UT WOS:000181829000029 ER PT J AU Townsend, D Minitti, MP Suits, AG AF Townsend, D Minitti, MP Suits, AG TI Direct current slice imaging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BRANCHING RATIOS; 355 NM; PHOTODISSOCIATION; NO2; PHOTOFRAGMENTS; PHOTOELECTRON; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; ELECTRONS; DYNAMICS AB We report a new variation of the velocity map ion imaging method that allows the central section of the photofragment ion cloud to be recorded exclusively. The relevant speed and angular distributions for a molecular photodissociation or scattering event may therefore be obtained without need to utilize inversion methods such as the inverse Abel transform. In contrast to the recently reported "slicing" technique of Kitsopoulos and co-workers [C. R. Gebhardt , Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 3848 (2001)], our method makes no use of grids or pulsed electric fields which can distort the photofragment cloud and therefore compromise the resolution of velocity mapping. We find that by operating a multilens velocity mapping assembly at low voltages, the ion cloud stretches in the acceleration region owing to the kinetic energy release in the fragments. Furthermore, this inherent stretching is sufficient to allow the central section of the distribution to be recorded exclusively by application of a narrow time gate (similar to40 ns) to a position sensitive detector. We have performed extensive ion trajectory simulations to understand this "direct current (dc) slice imaging" technique, and experimentally we have applied it to the 355 nm dissociation of Cl-2 and NO2 as well-understood test cases. In the Cl-2 studies the velocity resolution obtained for the Cl-35 fragments is on the order of Deltanu/nu=2.8% and for the first time we are able to directly observe dissociation via the weak B (3)Pi(0u)(+) state channel whilst imaging the ground state Cl(P-2(3/2))-atom distribution. For the case of NO2 dissociation the internal state distributions of the NO fragment are extracted more cleanly using slicing than is possible with the Abel inversion and our resolution is sufficient to resolve some of the NO rotational structure in the kinetic energy release for the first time. Overall, we find our data to compare very favorably with previously reported results and conclude that dc slice imaging offers an important, easily implemented refinement to the velocity mapping approach. We also demonstrate a second dc slice imaging method that records only the central section of an expanded photofragment distribution by using a probe laser displaced off-axis from the molecular beam. This approach, which we term "raster imaging," may be particularly advantageous in two-color experiments where the probe laser also makes a significant contribution to the initial photolysis of the molecular species under investigation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Townsend, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Townsend, Dave/K-3461-2015 NR 24 TC 227 Z9 229 U1 12 U2 104 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 2530 EP 2539 DI 10.1063/1.1544053 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 660JA UT WOS:000181829000041 ER PT J AU Damascelli, A Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Damascelli, A Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; QUASI-PARTICLE DISPERSION; INSULATING COPPER-OXIDE; SPIN-CHARGE SEPARATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNETS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE EVOLUTION; PENETRATION-DEPTH MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL WEIGHT TRANSFER; ONE-DIMENSIONAL SRCUO2 AB The last decade witnessed significant progress in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and its applications. Today, ARPES experiments with 2-meV energy resolution and 0.2degrees angular resolution are a reality even for photoemission on solids. These technological advances and the improved sample quality have enabled ARPES to emerge as a leading tool in the investigation of the high-T-c superconductors. This paper reviews the most recent ARPES results on the cuprate superconductors and their insulating parent and sister compounds, with the purpose of providing an updated summary of the extensive literature. The low-energy excitations are discussed with emphasis on some of the most relevant issues, such as the Fermi surface and remnant Fermi surface, the superconducting gap, the pseudogap and d-wave-like dispersion, evidence of electronic inhomogeneity and nanoscale phase separation, the emergence of coherent quasiparticles through the superconducting transition, and many-body effects in the one-particle spectral function due to the interaction of the charge with magnetic and/or lattice degrees of freedom. Given the dynamic nature of the field, we chose to focus mainly on reviewing the experimental data, as on the experimental side a general consensus has been reached, whereas interpretations and related theoretical models can vary significantly. The first part of the paper introduces photoemission spectroscopy in the context of strongly interacting systems, along with an update on the state-of-the-art instrumentation. The second part provides an overview of the scientific issues relevant to the investigation of the low-energy electronic structure by ARPES. The rest of the paper is devoted to the experimental results from the cuprates, and the discussion is organized along conceptual lines: normal-state electronic structure, interlayer interaction, superconducting gap, coherent superconducting peak, pseudogap, electron self-energy, and collective modes. Within each topic, ARPES data from the various copper oxides are presented. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RI damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 476 TC 1906 Z9 1925 U1 60 U2 520 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 75 IS 2 BP 473 EP 541 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.75.473 PG 69 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 675VY UT WOS:000182718200004 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M AF Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M TI Pairing in nuclear systems: from neutron stars to finite nuclei SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MODEL MONTE-CARLO; PF-SHELL NUCLEI; SELF-CONSISTENT CALCULATIONS; DISCRETE ELECTRONIC STATES; HARTREE-FOCK CALCULATIONS; STATISTICAL GAMMA-DECAY; NEGATIVE HEAT-CAPACITY; SENIORITY-ZERO STATES; GAS PHASE-TRANSITION; PROTON-RICH NUCLEI AB This review treats several pairing-related phenomena in nuclear systems, ranging from superfluidity in neutron stars to the gradual breaking of pairs in finite nuclei. It focuses on the links between many-body pairing, as it evolves from the underlying nucleon-nucleon interaction into experimental and theoretical manifestations of superfluidity in infinite nuclear matter, and pairing in finite nuclei. The nature of pair correlations in nuclei and their potential impact on nuclear structure experiments is discussed, as is recent experimental evidence that suggests a connection between pairing and phase transitions (or transformations) in finite nuclear systems. Finally, the article considers recent investigations of ground-state properties of random two-body interactions in which pairing plays a minor role, although the interactions yield interesting nuclear properties such as 0(+) ground states in even-even nuclei. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 298 TC 248 Z9 251 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 75 IS 2 BP 607 EP 656 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.75.607 PG 50 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 675VY UT WOS:000182718200007 ER PT J AU Koenigsberger, G Canalizo, G Arrieta, A Richer, MG Georgiev, L AF Koenigsberger, G Canalizo, G Arrieta, A Richer, MG Georgiev, L TI Optical line profile variability of the B1 plus neutron star binary system LS I+65 010 (2S 0114+650) SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; line : profiles; stars : mass loss; stars : individual (2S 0114+650); X-rays : binaries ID PERIODIC OUTBURSTS; ROTATION CURVE; RAY; SUPERGIANTS AB We present high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the massive X-ray binary system LSI+65010 (2S0114+650) in the optical wavelength region. A correlation between equivalent width and radial velocity of photospheric absorption lines is found. The systemic velocity, inferred from the weaker lines, is V(helio) -31 +/- 5 km s(-1) which, if attributed solely to the Galactic rotation curve, implies that LS I +65 010 lies within 3 kpc from the Sun. The ISM Na I D lines display 2 resolved high velocity components at V(helio) -70, -48 km s(-1), possibly associated with gas surrounding the binary system, in addition to the -24 and -8 km s(-1) ISM features due to the Orion and Perseus arm regions, respectively. Strong photospheric line profile variability is present on a night-to-night timescale, with He 1 5875 A displaying an additional blue-shifted absorption in some of the spectra, similar to what is observed in the optical counterpart of Vela X-1. A connection between the extended blue wing and X-ray maximum is suggested. Short timescale variations in line profiles are detected on only two nights, but the evidence that these variations occur on the 2.78 hour X-ray flaring period is marginal. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Astron Inst, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Apartado Postal 483, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos, Mexico. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Koenigsberger, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Astron Inst, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM gloria@astroscu.unam.mx; anabel@astroscu.unam.mx; richer@astroscu.unam.mx; georgiev@astroscu.unam.mx NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO, INST DE ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APDO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 0185-1101 J9 REV MEX ASTRON ASTR JI Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 17 EP 34 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 677WD UT WOS:000182831000002 ER PT J AU Foster, I AF Foster, I TI The grid: Computing without bounds SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD APR PY 2003 VL 288 IS 4 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 676YF UT WOS:000182779600032 PM 12661319 ER PT J AU Wittig, JE Al-Sharab, JF Doerner, M Bian, XP Bentley, J Evans, ND AF Wittig, JE Al-Sharab, JF Doerner, M Bian, XP Bentley, J Evans, ND TI Influence of microstructure on the chemical inhomogeneities in nanostructured longitudinal magnetic recording media SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanostructured Advanced Magenetic Materials CY JUN 06-13, 2002 CL ISREE, GERMANY SP Engn Conference Int, Acta Materialia Inc ID THIN-FILM; COCRTA AB Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy and spectrum imaging at nanometer spatial resolution were used to correlate microstructure, specifically crystallographic texture and grain-boundary character, with the chemical inhomogeneities in sputtered CoCrPtB thin-film media. These data show that the average Cr grain boundary segregation is reduced in the sputtered CoCrPtB material with a strong (1 1 0)(Co) texture compared to a microstructure with a weak (1 0 0)(Co) texture. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. IBM Corp, Storage Technol Div, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wittig, JE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Box 1683,Stn B, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 7 BP 943 EP 948 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00610-3 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 655UU UT WOS:000181571700019 ER PT J AU Kusinski, GJ Krishnan, KM Denbeaux, G Thomas, G AF Kusinski, GJ Krishnan, KM Denbeaux, G Thomas, G TI Magnetic reversal of ion beam patterned Co/Pt multilayers SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanostructured Advanced Magnetic Materials CY JUN 06-13, 2002 CL IRSEE, GERMANY SP Engn Conference Int, Acta Materialia Inc DE multilayers; magnetic imaging; magnetic domains; transmission X-ray microscopy; transmission electron microscopy ID IRRADIATION; MEDIA; ELECTRON AB The characteristics of the reversal processes of magnetic arrays fabricated by ion-irradiation of Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are reported. Magnetic patterns with periodicities from 1 mum to 100 nm were patterned. A correlation between the pattern size, magnetic reversal and grain size is presented. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MMFX Technol, R&D, Irvine, CA 92606 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kusinski, GJ (reprint author), MMFX Technol, R&D, 2 Corp Pk,Suite 102 R&D, Irvine, CA 92606 USA. EM kusinski@calalum.org NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 7 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00607-3 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 655UU UT WOS:000181571700020 ER PT J AU Errandonea, D Segura, A Manjon, FJ Chevy, A AF Errandonea, D Segura, A Manjon, FJ Chevy, A TI Transport measurements in InSe under high pressure and high temperature: shallow-to-deep donor transformation of Sn related donor impurities SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTION-BAND STRUCTURE; INDIUM SELENIDE; DX-CENTER; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; ALLOYS; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ALXGA1-XAS; SCATTERING AB We have investigated the temperature dependence of the transport parameters of Sn-doped InSe at different pressures, up to 2.5 GPa. A noticeable change in the temperature dependence of all the transport parameters has been observed above 1.2 GPa. This fact is explained by assuming the transformation of Sn shallow donors into deep donors at a hydrostatic pressure of 1.1 GPa, and by taking into account the transfer of electrons from the absolute minimum to higher energy minima in the conduction band. At ambient pressure, the position of the Sn deep level is estimated to lie 75 +/- 20 meV above the absolute conduction-band minimum. C1 Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Aplicada, ICMUV, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Carnegie Inst Washington, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Fis Aplicada, Alcoy 03801, Alicante, Spain. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Errandonea, D (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Aplicada, ICMUV, Edificio Invest,C Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain. RI Segura, Alfredo/K-5103-2012; Manjon Herrera, Francisco Javier/B-5789-2016; Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Segura, Alfredo/0000-0002-9979-1302; Manjon Herrera, Francisco Javier/0000-0002-3926-1705; Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 241 EP 246 AR PII S0268-1242(03)55235-X DI 10.1088/0268-1242/18/4/308 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 674ML UT WOS:000182640500012 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ AF Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ TI Positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography in substance abuse research SO SEMINARS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; BRAIN GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; OPIATE-DEPENDENT SUBJECTS; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER OCCUPANCY; CHRONIC COCAINE USE; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSERS; RECEPTOR AVAILABILITY; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; LONG-TERM AB Many advances in the conceptualization of addiction as a disease of the brain have come from the application of imaging technologies directly in the human drug abuser. New knowledge-has been driven by advances in radiotracer design and chemistry and positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) instrumentation and the integration of these scientific tools with the tools of biochemistry, pharmacology, and medicine. This topic cuts across the medical specialties of neurology, psychiatry, oncology, and cardiology because of the high medical, social, and economic toll that drugs of abuse, including the legal drugs, cigarettes and alcohol, take on society. This article highlights recent advances in the use of PET and SPECT imaging to measure the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of drugs of abuse on the human brain. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 117 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 12 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0001-2998 J9 SEMIN NUCL MED JI Semin. Nucl. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1053/snuc.2003.127300 PG 15 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 679BA UT WOS:000182900100004 PM 12756644 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, C Grate, LR Rizki, A Radisky, D Molina, FJ Jordan, MI Bissell, MJ Mian, IS AF Bhattacharyya, C Grate, LR Rizki, A Radisky, D Molina, FJ Jordan, MI Bissell, MJ Mian, IS TI Simultaneous classification and relevant feature identification in high-dimensional spaces: application to molecular profiling data SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE L-1 norm minimisation; molecular profiling data; feature selection; classification; cancer biology; LIKNON; minimax probability machine ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; GENE-EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; BREAST-CANCER; CARCINOMAS; ADENOCARCINOMA; SUBCLASSES; PREDICTION; KNOWLEDGE; PATTERNS; LUNG AB Molecular profiling technologies monitor many thousands of transcripts, proteins, metabolites or other species concurrently in a biological sample of interest. Given such high-dimensional data for different types of samples, classification methods aim to assign specimens to known categories. Relevant feature identification methods seek to define a subset of molecules that differentiate the samples. This work describes LIKNON, a specific implementation of a statistical approach for creating a classifier and identifying a small number of relevant features simultaneously. Given two-class data, LIKNON estimates a sparse linear classifier by exploiting the simple and well-known property that minimising an L-1 norm (via linear programming) yields a sparse hyperplane. It performs well when used for retrospective analysis of three cancer biology profiling data sets, (i) small, round, blue cell tumour transcript profiles from tumour biopsies and cell lines, (ii) sporadic breast carcinoma transcript profiles from patients with distant metastases <5 years and those with no distant metastases greater than or equal to5 years and (iii) serum sample protein profiles from unaffected and ovarian cancer patients. Computationally, LIKNON is less demanding than the prevailing filter-wrapper strategy; this approach generates many feature subsets and equates relevant features with the subset yielding a classifier with the lowest generalisation error. Biologically, the results suggest a role for the cellular microenvironment in influencing disease outcome and its importance in developing clinical decision support systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mian, IS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD APR PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 729 EP 743 DI 10.1016/S0165-1684(02)00474-7 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 653BP UT WOS:000181415600004 ER PT J AU Ryutova, M Tarbell, TD Shine, R AF Ryutova, M Tarbell, TD Shine, R TI Interaction and dynamics of the photospheric network magnetic elements SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUN TRANSITION REGION; FLUX TUBES; EXPLOSIVE EVENTS; JET FORMATION; SOLAR CORONA; NULL POINTS; RECONNECTION; PLASMA; FLARES; SUMER AB Small-scale magnetic elements in the quiet photospheric network are believed to play a key role in the energy flow from the solar surface to upper layers of atmosphere. Their intense hydro-magnetic activity includes merging and fragmentation of same polarity fluxes, 'total' or partial cancellation of neighboring flux elements of opposite polarity, dynamic appearance and disappearance of compact bipoles, etc. We study the general features of these processes, and show that non-collinearity of flux tubes, sharp stratification of low atmosphere and finite plasma beta lead to several specific effects in the interacting flux tubes that may explain the morphological properties of network magnetic field and also provide a mechanism for the energy build up and release in the nearby chromosphere and transition region. We show that during the collision of flux tubes in the photosphere reconnection occurs regardless of whether the flux tubes are of opposite or of the same polarity. But the dynamics of reconnection products are significantly different and lead to different macroscopic effects that can be observed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Ryutova, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ryutova1@llnl.gov; tarbell@lmsal.com; shine@lmsal.com NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2003 VL 213 IS 2 BP 231 EP 256 DI 10.1023/A:1023928212747 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 682TU UT WOS:000183109100002 ER PT J AU Richter, KW Picha, R Ipser, H Franzen, HF AF Richter, KW Picha, R Ipser, H Franzen, HF TI Fractional site occupation of Hf5-xNbxGe4: crystallographic investigation and thermodynamic modeling SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hafnium niobium germanides; crystal structure; bonding; disorder; differential fractional site occupation; thermodynamic model ID TERNARY; STABILIZATION; OCCUPANCY; GE; ZR AB The binary compound Hf5Ge4 (structure type Sm5Ge4, oP36, Pnma) was found to form an extended ternary solid solution Hf5-xNbxGe4 with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 3.8. This solid solution was investigated by X-ray diffraction employing powder- as well as single crystal methods: Structure refinements at several different compositions within the phase revealed strongly preferred site occupation by Nb at the three crystallographically independent metal sites of the Sm5Ge4-type structure yielding an almost stepwise substitution mechanism of the two transition metals. Chemical bonding and site occupation are discussed on the basis of extended Huckel calculations performed on Hf5Ge4, and site volumes (Dirichlet domains) as well as atomic orbital occupations (site potentials) are correlated with the observed substitution mechanism. A thermodynamic model based on the compound energy formalism was developed in order to link the observed substitution mechanism to thermodynamic properties (Gibbs energies) of the different sublattices formed by the crystallographically independent sites. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Anorgan Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Richter, KW (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Anorgan Chem, Wahringerstr 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RI Richter, Klaus/D-9869-2013; OI Richter, Klaus/0000-0001-7128-6956 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1293-2558 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.1016/S1293-2558(03)00058-X PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 681LN UT WOS:000183037800018 ER PT J AU Kang, BS Cooper, DR Jelen, F Devedjiev, Y Derewenda, U Dauter, Z Otlewski, J Derewenda, ZS AF Kang, BS Cooper, DR Jelen, F Devedjiev, Y Derewenda, U Dauter, Z Otlewski, J Derewenda, ZS TI PDZ tandem of human syntenin: Crystal structure and functional properties SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE PDZ; syndecan; merlin; schwannoma; cancer; crystallography; calorimetry ID STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; PROTEIN; DOMAINS; BINDING; INTERACTS; MEMBRANE; RECOGNITION; CYTOSKELETON; ASSOCIATION; CASK/LIN-2 AB Syntenin, a 33 kDa protein, interacts with several cell membrane receptors and with merlin, the product of the causal gene for neurofibromatosis type II. We report a crystal structure of the functional fragment of human syntenin containing two canonical PDZ domains, as well as binding studies for full-length syntenin, the PDZ tandem, and isolated PDZ domains. We show that the functional properties of syntenin are a result of independent interactions with target peptides, and that each domain is able to bind peptides belonging to two different classes: PDZ1 binds peptides from classes I and III, while PDZ2 interacts with classes I and II. The independent binding of merlin by PDZ1 and syndecan-4 by PDZ2 provides direct evidence for the coupling of syndecan-mediated signaling to actin regulation by merlin. C1 Univ Virginia, Ctr Canc, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Wroclaw, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Lab Prot Engn, PL-50137 Wroclaw, Poland. NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Stn, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Derewenda, ZS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Canc, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RI Otlewski, Jacek/B-6340-2008 NR 49 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD APR PY 2003 VL 11 IS 4 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(03)00052-2 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 673QJ UT WOS:000182591400015 PM 12679023 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Pennycook, SJ Narayan, J Wang, H Tiwari, A AF Kumar, D Pennycook, SJ Narayan, J Wang, H Tiwari, A TI Role of silver addition in the synthesis of high critical current density MgB2 bulk superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; PRESSURE AB Ag-doped MgB2 bulk superconductors have been prepared using a standard solid state processing. The addition of Ag to MgB2 powders during the sintering process has been found to result in an important advantage, namely, the prevention/reduction of loss of Mg, a problem most commonly observed in the sintering of MgB2 bulk samples at elevated temperature and ambient pressures. The Ag-doped MgB2 sample has a distinct superconducting transition temperature around 39 K, while the undoped MgB2 undergoes only a very feeble transition to a diamagnetic superconducting state at around 39 K. The normal conducting silver regions in the MgB2 matrix act as pinning centres resulting in the realization of high critical currents in the presence of magnetic fields. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Smart Struct, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Narayan, Jagdish/D-1874-2009; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 455 EP 458 AR PII S0953-2048(03)56901-9 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/4/306 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 672CC UT WOS:000182502400007 ER PT J AU Ma, B Li, M Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Markowitz, AR Erck, RA Baurceanu, R Dorris, SE Miller, DJ Balachandran, U AF Ma, B Li, M Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Markowitz, AR Erck, RA Baurceanu, R Dorris, SE Miller, DJ Balachandran, U TI Pulsed laser deposition of YBCO films on ISD MgO buffered metal tapes SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS AB Biaxially textured magnesium oxide (MgO) films deposited by inclined-substrate deposition (ISD) are desirable for rapid production of high-quality template layers for YBCO-coated conductors. High-quality YBCO films were grown on ISD MgO buffered metallic substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Columnar grains with a roof-tile surface structure were observed in the ISD MgO films. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the (002) planes of the ISD MgO films are tilted at an angle from the substrate normal. A small full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximate to9degrees was observed in the phi-scan for ISD MgO films deposited at an inclination angle of 55degrees. In-plane texture in the ISD MgO films developed in the first approximate to 0.5 mum from the substrate surface, and then stabilized with further increases in film thickness. Yttria-stabilized zirconia and ceria buffer layers were deposited on the ISD MgO grown on metallic substrates prior to the deposition of YBCO by PLD. YBCO films with the c-axis parallel to the substrate normal have a unique orientation relationship with the ISD MgO films. An orientation relationship of YBCO<100> parallel toMgO<111> and YBCO<010> parallel toMgO<110> was measured by x-ray pole figure analyses and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. A T-c of 91 K with a sharp transition and transport J(c) of 5.5 x 105 A cm(-2) at 77 K in self-field were measured on a YBCO film that was 0.46 mum thick, 4 mm wide and 10 mm long. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 464 EP 472 AR PII S0953-2048(03)54632-2 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/4/308 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 672CC UT WOS:000182502400009 ER PT J AU Peters, AM Nastasi, M AF Peters, AM Nastasi, M TI Titanium-doped hydrogenated DLC coatings deposited by a novel OMCVD-PIIP technique SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanoindentation; pin-on-disk; organometallic CVD; plasma immersion ion implantation; titanium carbonitride; diamond-like carbon ID CARBON-FILMS; PLASMA; NITROGEN AB Using a novel organometallic CVD-plasma immersion ion processing technique, titanium-doped hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (Ti-h:DLC) coatings were deposited from a metallorganic CVD precursor, tetrakis-dimethyl amino titanium. A carrier gas of acetylene was used and the flow rate through the precursor reservoir was varied so the titanium concentration in the deposited coatings could be controlled. Deposited coatings had thickness in the range of 600-1000 mu as determined by surface profilometry. Titanium concentrations in the coatings ranged from 0.4 to approximately I I at.%. Acetylene flow through the reservoir reached a peak efficiency of titanium throughput at 20 seem, declining in efficiency as flow was increased to 40 seem. Hardness values of these coatings ranged from approximately 8-17 GPa, as determined by nanoindentation, decreasing with increasing titanium content. Coefficient of friction values ranged from 0.23 to 0.18, and were lowest for coatings with high titanium content. The coefficient of friction followed the model for adhesive friction. Wear resistance was best for coatings with low titanium content as determined by pin-on-disk methods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Peters, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ampeters@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 167 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 AR PII S0257-8972(02)00886-1 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00886-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 651HV UT WOS:000181315200002 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, W Tinkham, BP Sakata, O Lee, TL Kazimirov, A Bedzyk, MJ AF Rodrigues, W Tinkham, BP Sakata, O Lee, TL Kazimirov, A Bedzyk, MJ TI X-ray standing wave study of Si/Ge/Si(001) heterostructures grown with Bi as a surfactant SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epitaxy; germanium; silicon; bismuth; surface defects; growth; X-ray standing waves ID MEDIATED EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DIMER EXCHANGE; INITIAL-STAGES; GE FILMS; SI(001); MORPHOLOGY; SI(100); SB; SEGREGATION AB X-ray standing wave (XSW) analysis was used for an atomic-scale structural study of ultra-thin Si/Ge heterostructures grown on Si(0 0 1) by surfactant mediated epitaxy with Bi as the surfactant. XSW measurements were performed for the Si(0 0 4) and Si(0 2 2) Bragg reflections for Ge coverages from 1 to 10 monolayers. The measured Ge coherent positions agree with the calculated Ge positions for a tetragonally distorted Ge lattice formed on Si(0 0 1) using continuum elasticity theory. However, the measured Ge coherent fractions are smaller than expected. The quality of the Si cap layer and its registry with the underlying Si(0 0 1) substrate lattice was also determined by combining the XSW technique with evanescent-wave emission. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Bedzyk, MJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Cook Hall, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; SAKATA, Osami/H-2621-2011; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00303-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 662PV UT WOS:000181957100005 ER PT J AU Ismail Petersen, L Zhang, HD Jin, R Mandrus, DG Plummer, EW AF Ismail Petersen, L Zhang, HD Jin, R Mandrus, DG Plummer, EW TI The surface of Sr2Ru0.9Mo0.1O4: a LEED and STM study SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low energy electron diffraction (LEED); scanning tunneling microscopy; surface relaxation and reconstruction ID SPIN-TRIPLET SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC ANALOG; TENSOR LEED; SR2RUO4; FLUCTUATION; SR2IRO4; SEARCH; SYSTEM AB In the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4, substitution of a small amount of Mo for Ru destroys the superconducting state. We have used low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to study the cleaved (1 0 0) surface of the Mo-doped strontium ruthenate: Sr2Ru0.9Mo0.1O4. Excellent LEED patterns indicate a well-ordered surface similar to Sr2RuO4. The analysis of LEED-I(V) spectra revealed that the (Ru/Mo)O-6 octahedra at the surface are rotated alternating clockwise and counterclockwise by 8.8degrees +/- 2.5degrees about the direction of the surface normal, which is identical to these on the surface of Sr2RuO4. But the high-resolution STM images of Sr2Ru0.9Mo0.1O4 show a surface fundamentally different from that of Sr2RuO4. The STM images are surprisingly inhomogeneous without clear atomic resolution. This indicates a local spatial roughness in the electronic structure induced by the Mo doping. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, HD (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM zhangj@fiu.edu RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00121-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 662PV UT WOS:000181957100016 ER PT J AU Kizilkaya, O Hite, DA Zehner, DM Sprunger, PT AF Kizilkaya, O Hite, DA Zehner, DM Sprunger, PT TI Formation of aluminum oxide thin films on FeAl(110) studied by STM SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aluminum; iron; metal-insulator interfaces; scanning tunneling microscopy; oxidation; surface relaxation and reconstruction ID NIAL(110); SURFACES; AL2O3; MICROSCOPY; OXIDATION; FEAL; AL AB The surface morphology and atomic structure of clean and oxidized FeAl(l 10) surfaces have been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). An incommensurate reconstructed structure, having FeAl2 stoichiometry confined to the outmost layer, is observed on the clean surface due to preferential Al segregation upon annealing to 1125 K. When the reconstructed clean surface is exposed to oxygen at elevated temperatures, an ordered ultra-thin aluminum oxide film is formed. Based on STM data, a structural model of the oxide film is proposed, which exhibits a quasi-hexagonal oxygen layer and accommodates an even mix of octahedral and tetrahedral occupancy of Al ions arranged in an alternating zigzag-stripe structure. STM imaging with tunnel voltages in the range of the bulk band gap implies that the thin film oxide electronic structure differs substantially from the bulk oxide, and indicates a local density of states around the oxide constituents within the bulk band gap. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sprunger, PT (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, 6980 JEfferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00271-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 662PV UT WOS:000181957100025 ER PT J AU Ruzycki, N Herman, GS Boatner, LA Diebold, U AF Ruzycki, N Herman, GS Boatner, LA Diebold, U TI Scanning tunneling microscopy study of the anatase (100) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE titanium oxide; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface relaxation and reconstruction; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; low index single crystal surfaces ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL ANATASE; TIO2; TIO2(110); TIO2(001); RECONSTRUCTION; SITE AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to investigate the structure of the TiO2 anatase (1 0 0) surface. Natural single crystals of anatase were employed; and after several cycles of sputtering and annealing at T = 450 degreesC, the TiO2(1 0 0) surface was free of impurities, and reconstructed to a (1 x n) termination. No evidence for point defects was found in the atomic resolution STM images. The STM results were accounted for on the basis of a surface structure model in which (1 0 1)-oriented microfacets run along the anatase [0 1 0] direction. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Diebold, U (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM diebold@tulane.edu RI Diebold, Ulrike/A-3681-2010; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Diebold, Ulrike/0000-0003-0319-5256; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Ruzycki, Nancy/0000-0001-7516-2985 NR 27 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 529 IS 1-2 BP L239 EP L244 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00117-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 662PV UT WOS:000181957100003 ER PT J AU Schiffer, WK Azmoodeh, M Gerasimov, M Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Dewey, SL AF Schiffer, WK Azmoodeh, M Gerasimov, M Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Dewey, SL TI Selegiline potentiates cocaine-induced increases in rodent nucleus accumbens dopamine SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE cocaine; deprenyl; microdialysis; dopamine; GABA; treatment ID MAO-B; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; BRAIN; RECEPTORS; ADDICTION; SENSITIZATION; METABOLISM; WITHDRAWAL; INHIBITION; RELAPSE AB Selegiline has been proposed as a treatment for cocaine addiction and studies in humans suggest that it attenuates cocaine's reinforcing effects. Here we assessed the effects of selegiline treatment on cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine (DA) in freely moving rodents. Chronic treatment with selegiline (L-deprenyl, 0.25/mg/kg, 24 days) potentiated cocaine-induced increases in NAc DA from 350-600%. However, this enhanced response was abolished when animals were treated chronically with both cocaine and selegiline. Inasmuch as increases in NAc DA are associated with the reinforcing effects of cocaine, these results obtained in rodents suggest that MAO-A and -B inhibition may not be a suitable strategy to antagonize cocaine's reinforcing effects during cocaine detoxification. On the other hand, chronic selegiline treatment may improve DA deficits, which are thought to contribute to relapse through a decreased response to natural rewards. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Schiffer, WK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA15041, DA015874, R01 DA015041-01A1, F31 DA015874-01]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS 15380] NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD APR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1002/syn.10183 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 650DQ UT WOS:000181247700005 PM 12557270 ER PT J AU Marland, G West, TO Schlamadinger, B Canella, L AF Marland, G West, TO Schlamadinger, B Canella, L TI Managing soil organic carbon in agriculture: the net effect on greenhouse gas emissions SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Carbon Dioxide Conference CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SENDAI, JAPAN ID CORN YIELD RESPONSE; NITROUS-OXIDE; N2O EMISSIONS; NO-TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; SEQUESTRATION; CULTIVATION; FERTILIZER; CROPLAND; MATTER AB A change in agricultural practice can increase carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. To know the net effect on greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, however, we consider associated changes in CO2 emissions resulting from the consumption of fossil fuels, emissions of other greenhouse gases and effects on land productivity and crop yield. We also consider how these factors will evolve over time. A change from conventional tillage to no-till agriculture, based on data for average practice in the U.S., will result in net carbon sequestration in the soil that averages 337 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) for the initial 20 yr with a decline to near zero in the following 20 yr, and continuing savings in CO2 emissions because of reduced use of fossil fuels. The long-term results, considering all factors, can generally be expected to show decreased net greenhouse gas emissions. The quantitative details, however, depend on the site-specific impact of the conversion from conventional to no-till agriculture on agricultural yield and N2O emissions from nitrogen fertilizer. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joanneum Res, Inst Energy Res, Graz, Austria. RP Marland, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 55 IS 2 BP 613 EP 621 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00054.x PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 675ME UT WOS:000182698400045 ER PT J AU Benedetti, L Finkel, R King, G Armijo, R Papanastassiou, D Ryerson, FJ Flerit, F Farber, D Stavrakakis, G AF Benedetti, L Finkel, R King, G Armijo, R Papanastassiou, D Ryerson, FJ Flerit, F Farber, D Stavrakakis, G TI Motion on the Kaparelli fault (Greece) prior to the 1981 earthquake sequence determined from Cl-36 cosmogenic dating SO TERRA NOVA LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION-RATES; CORINTH GREECE; PROPAGATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACES; SCARPS; MODELS; RIFT; GULF AB In February and March 1981, three successive destructive earthquakes occurred at the eastern end of the Gulf of Corinth. The third shock (March, 4, Ms approximate to 6.4) ruptured the Kaparelli fault. About 40 cm of a limestone fault scarp was exhumed by the earthquake. Each major prehistoric earthquake has added new surface to this cumulative scarp exposing fresh material to cosmic-ray bombardment. Using Cl-36 cosmic ray exposure dating we have obtained the continuous exposure history for this 4-5-m-high limestone surface at two sites about 50 m apart. The results suggest that the Kaparelli fault has ruptured three times prior to 1981 at 20 +/- 3 ka, 14.5 +/- 0.5 ka and 10.5 +/- 0.5 ka with slip amplitudes between 0.6 m and 2.1 m. The Kaparelli fault appears to have been inactive for 10 thousand years prior to the 1981 event. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Phys Globe, Lab Tecton, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Geodynam, GR-11810 Athens, Greece. RP Benedetti, L (reprint author), CEREGE, UMR 6635, BP 80 Europole Mediterraneen Arbois, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France. RI Armijo, Rolando/A-5715-2011; Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-4879 J9 TERRA NOVA JI Terr. Nova PD APR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00474.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 665JQ UT WOS:000182117100007 ER PT J AU Poet, TS Wu, H Kousba, AA Timchalk, C AF Poet, TS Wu, H Kousba, AA Timchalk, C TI In vitro rat hepatic and intestinal metabolism of the organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; diazinon; organophosphate insecticides; metabolism; liver; intestine ID PHARMACODYNAMIC PBPK/PD MODEL; LIVER-MICROSOMES; SERUM PARAOXONASE; DRUG ABSORPTION; PARATHION; KETOCONAZOLE; CYTOCHROME-P-450; TOXICITY; TISSUES; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and diazinon (DZN) are thionophosphorus organophosphate (OP) insecticides; their toxicity is mediated through CYP metabolism to CPF-oxon and DZN-oxon, respectively. Conversely, CYPs also detoxify these OPs to trichloropyridinol (TCP) and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMHP), respectively. In addition, A-esterase (PON1) metabolism of CPF- and DZN-oxon also forms TCP and IMHP. This study evaluated the role intestinal and hepatic metabolism may play in both the activation and detoxification of CPF and DZN in Sprague-Dawley rats. Similar CYP- and PON1-mediated metabolic profiles were demonstrated in microsomes from liver or isolated intestinal enterocytes. The metabolic efficiency was estimated by calculating the psuedo-1st order rate constant from the metabolic constants by dividing V-max/K-m. In enterocyte microsomes, the CYP metabolic efficiency for metabolism to the oxon metabolites was similar to28-fold greater for CPF than DZN. Compared on a per nmol P450 basis, the V-max for CPF in enterocytes was similar to2-3 times higher than in liver microsomes for the production of CPF-oxon and TCP. The Michaelis-Menten rate constant (Km) for the metabolism of CPF to CPF-oxon was comparable in liver and enterocyte microsomes; however, the enterocyte Km for TCP production was higher (indicating a lower affinity). The smaller volume of intestine, lower amount of CYP, and higher Km for TCP in the enterocyte microsomes, resulted in a lower catalytic efficiency (2 and 62 times) than in liver for oxon and TCP. PON1-mediated metabolism of CPF- and DZN-oxon was also demonstrated in liver and enterocyte microsomes. Although PON1 affinity for the substrates was comparable in hepatic and enterocytic microsomes, the V-max were 48- to 275-fold higher, in the liver. These results suggest that intestinal metabolism may impact the metabolism of CPF and DZN, especially following low-dose oral exposures. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Chem Dosimetry, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Poet, TS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Chem Dosimetry, MSIN P7-59,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [1 R01 OH03629-01A2]; PHS HHS [R828608] NR 44 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 72 IS 2 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg035 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 662DP UT WOS:000181931200004 PM 12655035 ER PT J AU Noble, RT Moore, DF Leecaster, MK McGee, CD Weisberg, SB AF Noble, RT Moore, DF Leecaster, MK McGee, CD Weisberg, SB TI Comparison of total coliform, fecal coliform, and enterococcus bacterial indicator response for ocean recreational water quality testing SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COASTAL WATERS; GASTROENTERITIS; ENTEROVIRUSES; HEALTH; RUNOFF AB In July 1999, California's ocean recreational bacterial water quality standards were changed from a total coliform (TC) test to a standard requiring testing for all three bacterial indicators: TC, fecal coliforms (FC), and enterococci (EC). To compare the relationship between the bacterial indicators, and the effect that changing the standards would have on recreational water regulatory actions, three regional studies were conducted along the southern California shoreline from Santa Barbara to San Diego, California. Two studies were conducted during dry weather and one following a large storm event. In each study, samples were collected at over 200 sites which were selected using a stratified random design, with strata consisting of open beach areas and rocky shoreline, and areas near freshwater outlets that drain land-based runoff. During the dry weather studies, samples were collected once per week for 5 weeks. For the storm event study, sampling occurred on a single day about 24h following the storm. The three indicator bacteria were measured at each site and the results were compared to the single sample standards (TC > 10,000; FC > 400 and EC > 104MPN or cfu/100ml). EC was the indicator that failed the single sample standards most often. During the wet weather study, 99% of all standard failures were detected using EC, compared with only 56% for FC, and 40% for TC. During the Summer Study, EC was again the indicator that failed the single sample standards most often, with 60% of the failures for EC alone. The increased failure of the EC standard occurred consistently regardless of whether the sample was collected at a beach or rocky shoreline site, or at a site near a freshwater outlet. Agreement among indicators was better during wet weather than during dry weather. During dry weather, agreement among indicators was better near freshwater outlets than along open shoreline. Cumulatively, our results suggest that replacement of a TC standard with an EC standard will lead to a five-fold increase in failures during dry weather and a doubling of failures during wet weather. Replacing a TC standard with one based on all three indicators will lead to an eight-fold increase in failures. Changes in the requirements for water quality testing have strong implications for increases in beach closures and restrictions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Orange Cty Publ Hlth Lab, Santa Ana, CA 92706 USA. RP Noble, RT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM rtnoble@email.unc.edu RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 NR 22 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1637 EP 1643 AR PII S0043-1354(02)00496-7 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00496-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 656DD UT WOS:000181592800019 PM 12600392 ER PT J AU Mills, GL McArthur, JV Wolfe, CP AF Mills, GL McArthur, JV Wolfe, CP TI Lipid composition of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in a southeastern blackwater stream SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipids; suspended solids; SPM; POM; particulate organic matter; fatty acids; alcohols; hydrocarbons; streams ID FATTY-ACIDS; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY; AQUATIC INSECTS; SEDIMENTS; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; ESTUARY; BIOTA; RIVER AB Suspended particulate matter (SPM) was collected seasonally for 1 yr at third- and fifth-order sites in a blackwater stream on the coastal plain in South Carolina. Fatty acids with carbon chain lengths from C-12-C-32 were the most abundant component among the lipid classes examined with total concentrations varying from 8.5 to 60.2 mug L-1. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated while significant concentrations of the even-chained saturated components C-24-C-30 derived from cuticular plant waxes were also found. Concentrations of aliphatic alcohols, with carbon chain lengths between C-16 and C-30, ranged from 0.52 to 2.73 mug L-1 and was dominated by the higher molecular weight compounds (C-22-C-30) derived primarily from cuticular plant waxes. Total hydrocarbon concentrations ranged from 0.35 to 5.66 mug L-1 and showed no discernible trends with time or consistent difference between sites. The hydrocarbon assemblage observed indicates that these components are entirely of biogenic origin with no detectable anthropogenic contribution. The ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and cuticular to noncuticular fatty acids and alcohols at both stream locations indicate that the organic detritus associated with SPM collected during November and January is of more recent origin and less processed than that collected in the spring and summer months. Lipid concentrations at the third-order site generally had higher and more variable concentrations of the lipid classes compared with the fifth-order site. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was higher at the third-order site indicating that the organic fraction of SPM at this site was of more recent origin and less decomposed. The ratios of cuticular to noncuticular fatty acids and alcohols support this conclusion. These results indicate an export of particulate lipids of higher carbon resource quality from upstream to lower stream reaches. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mills, GL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1783 EP 1793 AR PII S0043-1354(02)00048-9 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00048-9 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 669GY UT WOS:000182344600011 PM 12697223 ER PT J AU Brooks, JA Goods, SH Robino, CV AF Brooks, JA Goods, SH Robino, CV TI Weld properties of AISI 303 free-machining stainless steel SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; SOLIDIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CRACKING; ALLOYS AB The all-weld-metal tensile properties from gas tungsten arc and electron beam welds, as well as shear properties of pulsed laser beam welds, have been determined for a free-machining austenitic stainless steel. Ten heats with sulfur contents from 0.04 to 0.4 wt-% and a wide range of Cr-eq/Ni-eq ratios were studied. Tensile properties 4 welds with both gas tungsten arc and electron beam processes were related to alloy composition and solidification microstructure. The yield and ultimate tensile strength increased with increasing Cr-eq/Ni-eq ratio and ferrite content, whereas the ductility, as measured by reduction of area at fracture, decreased with sulfur content. Similar behavior was observed for the shear behavior of the pulsed laser beam welds. A range in alloy compositions was identified that provided a good combination of both strength and ductility. The solidification cracking response for the same range of compositions is discussed, and compositions identified that would be expected to provide good performance in welded applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brooks, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 82 IS 4 BP 84S EP 92S PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 746VM UT WOS:000186768400017 ER PT J AU Lobitz, DW Veers, PS AF Lobitz, DW Veers, PS TI Load mitigation with bending/twist-coupled blades on rotors using modern control strategies SO WIND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE twist coupling; blades; load; mitigation; control; simulation; turbulence; fatigue; instability AB The prospect of installing blades that twist as they bend and/or extend on horizontal axis wind turbines provides opportunities for enhanced energy capture and/or load mitigation. Although this coupling could be achieved in either an active or a passive manner, the passive approach is much more attractive owing to its simplicity and economy. As an example, a blade design might employ coupling between bending and twisting, so that as the blade bends owing to the action of the aerodynamic loads, it also twists, modifying the aerodynamic performance in some way. For reducing loads the blades are designed to twist towards feather as they bend. For variable-speed pitch-controlled rotors, dynamic computer simulations with turbulent inflow show that twist coupling substantially decreases fatigue damage over all wind speeds, without reducing average power. Maximum loads also decrease modestly. For constant-speed stall-controlled and variable-speed stall-controlled rotors, significant decreases in fatigue damage are observed at the lower wind speeds and smaller decreases at the higher wind speeds. Maximum loads also decrease slightly. As a general observation, whenever a rotor is operating in the linear aerodynamic range (lower wind speeds for stall control and all wind speeds for pitch control), substantial reductions in fatigue damage are realized. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lobitz, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0708, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1095-4244 J9 WIND ENERGY JI Wind Energy PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 105 EP 117 DI 10.1002/we.74 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 739PN UT WOS:000186355800001 ER PT J AU Carlin, PW Laxson, AS Muljadi, EB AF Carlin, PW Laxson, AS Muljadi, EB TI The history and state of the art of variable-speed wind turbine technology SO WIND ENERGY LA English DT Review DE variable-speed; wind turbines; wind turbine controls; windmill technology; windmill history; wind energy bibliography ID FED INDUCTION GENERATOR AB Early wind turbines. used for performing mechanical work (pumping, grinding and cutting) optimized aerodynamics by being allowed to run at variable speed. Some of the earliest DC electric wind turbines were allowed to run at variable speed. With the advent of grid-connected AC turbines, rotational speeds were limited in order to control the wind turbine AC frequency output to equal the grid frequency. With the advent of semiconductor devices, attempts began as early as the 1970s to allow variable-speed operation of large-scale turbines. The introduction of a new generation of high-voltage,high-speed power electronic components allows a wide range of variable-speed operation for very-large-scale machines. Over the past 30 years a number of designs have been tested, a few of which have entered commercial operation. A number of these designs and their histories are described. A detailed description of a wide range of electrical methods for allowing variable-speed operation is provided. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Carlin, PW (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 134 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1095-4244 J9 WIND ENERGY JI Wind Energy PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 129 EP 159 DI 10.1002/we.77 PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 739PN UT WOS:000186355800003 ER PT J AU Tucker, BJ Bender, DA Pollock, DG Wolcott, MP AF Tucker, BJ Bender, DA Pollock, DG Wolcott, MP TI Ultrasonic plate wave evaluation of natural fiber composite panels SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ultrasonics; nondestructive evaluation; fiber composite panels; plate waves; elastic material properties ID STRESS AB Two key shortcomings of current ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for plywood, medium density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented strandboard are the reliance on empirical correlations and the neglect of valuable waveform information. The research reported herein examined the feasibility of using fundamental mechanics, wave propagation, and laminated, shear deformable plate theories to nondestructively evaluate material properties in natural fiber-based composite panels. Dispersion curves were constructed exhibiting the variation of flexural plate wave phase velocity with frequency. Based on shear deformable laminated plate wave theory, flexural and transverse shear rigidity values for solid transversely isotropic, laminated transversely isotropic, and solid orthotropic natural fiber-based composite panels were obtained from the dispersion curves. Axial rigidity values were obtained directly from extensional plate wave phase velocity. Excellent agreement (within 3%) of flexural rigidity values was obtained between NDE and mechanical testing for most panels. Transverse shear modulus values obtained from plate wave tests were within 4% of values obtained from through-thickness ultrasonic shear wave speed. Tensile and compressive axial rigidity values obtained from NDE were 22% to 41% higher than mechanical tension and compression test results. These differences between NDE and axial mechanical testing results are likely due to load-rate effects; however, these large differences were not apparent in the flexural and transverse shear comparisons. This fundamental research advances the state-of-the-art of NDE of wood-based composites by replacing empirical approaches with a technique based on fundamental mechanics, shear deformation laminated plate theory, and plate wave propagation theory. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Tucker, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 MS K5-26, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 266 EP 281 PG 16 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 671UM UT WOS:000182482500012 ER PT J AU Pennycook, SJ Lupini, AR Kadavanich, A McBride, JR Rosenthal, SJ Puetter, RC Yahil, A Krivanek, OL Dellby, N Nellist, PDL Duscher, G Wang, LG Pantelides, ST AF Pennycook, SJ Lupini, AR Kadavanich, A McBride, JR Rosenthal, SJ Puetter, RC Yahil, A Krivanek, OL Dellby, N Nellist, PDL Duscher, G Wang, LG Pantelides, ST TI Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy: the potential for nano- and interface science SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR METALLKUNDE LA English DT Article DE scanning transmission electron microscopy; Z-contrast; aberration correction; nanoscience ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CORE STRUCTURES; RESOLUTION; CONTRAST; ATOMS; STEM AB The sub-Angstrom probe of an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope will enable imaging and analysis of natiostructures and interfaces with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. In conjunction with first-principles theory, new insights are anticipated into the atomistic processes of growth and the subtle link between structure and functionality. We present initial results from the aberration-corrected microscopes at Oak Ridge National Laboratory that indicate the kinds of studies that will become feasible in the near future. Examples include (1) the three-dimensional location and identification of individual dopant and impurity atoms in semiconductor interfaces, and their effect on local electronic structure; (2) the accurate reconstruction of surface atomic and electronic structure on nanocrystals, and the effect on optical properties; and (3) the ability to distinguish which configurations of catalyst atoms are active, and why. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. Pixon LLC, Stony Brook, NY USA. Nion Co, Kirkland, WA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pennycooksj@ornl.gov RI McBride, James/D-2934-2012; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI McBride, James/0000-0003-0161-7283; Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-3093 J9 Z METALLKD JI Z. Metallk. PD APR PY 2003 VL 94 IS 4 BP 350 EP 357 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 810IJ UT WOS:000220697700001 ER PT J AU Spieker, WA Liu, J Hao, X Miller, JT Kropf, AJ Regalbuto, JR AF Spieker, WA Liu, J Hao, X Miller, JT Kropf, AJ Regalbuto, JR TI An EXAFS study of the coordination chemistry of hydrogen hexachloroplatinate(IV) 2. Speciation of complexes adsorbed onto alumina SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE hydrogen hexachloroplatinate(IV); chloroplatinic acid; Pt EXAFS; H2PtCl6 hydrolysis; adsorption; electric double layer ID TREATED PT-GAMMA-AL2O3 CATALYSTS; METAL DISTRIBUTIONS; OXIDE SURFACES; IONIC-STRENGTH; PT-195 NMR; ADSORPTION; PLATINUM; SUPPORTS; STEPS; PH AB The changes in coordination chemistry that occur as chloroaquohydroxo platinate complexes adsorb over alumina have been studied using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis at the advanced photon source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. Our earlier study of Pt complexes in the liquid phase [Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 232 (2002) 219] is used as a starting point. Samples were prepared both in excess solution with 200 ppm chloroplatinic acid (CPA), and using pore volume impregnation with higher CPA concentrations to give loadings of 0.25 to 4.25 wt.% Pt. The changes in coordination chemistry of chloroaquohydroxo platinate complexes adsorbing over alumina need not invoke a "triple layer" theory, which incorporates surface grafting reactions, but are more readily explained by refinements to the "double layer" theory which is the kernel of the Revised Physical Adsorption model [Chem. Eng. Sci. 56 (2000) 2365]. The changes in speciation of adsorbing CPA complexes appear to be influenced first by the change in the bulk pH brought on by the oxide buffering effect, second by the additional pH change at the (single) layer of adsorption at the alumina surface, and third by the chloride concentration at this local level. At low surface loadings, pH shifts are minimized and the amount of chloride near the adsorption plane appears to be low. Platinum complexes adsorb with low Pt-CM-O bond ratios, even when present in the bulk solution as hexachlorides. The adsorbed species appear to behave as in the liquid phase at the pH of the adsorption plane with no excess chloride. At high surface loadings such as with pore volume impregnation, the pH shifts toward the alumina PZC are very large but all chloride is kept in the pore volume. At high Pt loadings, high chloride concentration appears to dominate the Pt speciation and Pt-Cl coordination in the adsorbed complexes remains high, as occurs in the liquid phase in excess chloride. The adsorption of Pt from solutions in which zero-valent species are thought to initially exist can be explained by mechanisms in which either rapid OH-H2O exchange occurs at the higher pH of the adsorption plane, creating a dianionic adsorbing complex, or a surface protonation reaction, which creates a dianionic adsorbed complex in concert with surface charging. Both mechanisms are consistent with an electrostatic adsorption mechanism. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. BP Res Ctr, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. RP Regalbuto, JR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, MC 110 810 S Clinton St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD MAR 31 PY 2003 VL 243 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 AR PII S0926-860X(02)00537-9 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00537-9 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663GJ UT WOS:000181997600005 ER PT J AU Ng, HT Chen, B Li, J Han, JE Meyyappan, M Wu, J Li, SX Haller, EE AF Ng, HT Chen, B Li, J Han, JE Meyyappan, M Wu, J Li, SX Haller, EE TI Optical properties of single-crystalline ZnO nanowires on m-sapphire SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; ARRAYS; FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; EPITAXY AB ZnO nanowires have been synthesized using a catalyst-assisted heteroepitaxial carbothermal reduction approach on a m-sapphire substrate. Intricate and uniform arrays have been obtained with each nanowire forming an angle similar to30degrees with the substrate normal. Photoluminescence studies at room temperature for wavelengths between 335 and 620 nm reveal a strong single exciton peak at similar to380 nm (3.26 eV) with accompanying deep-level blueshifted emission peaks at similar to486, 490, and 510 nm. UV resonant Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize the nanowires at room temperature with multiphonon scattering exhibiting phonon quantum confinement. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ELORET Corp, Sunnyvale, CA USA. RP Ng, HT (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM hng@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Li, Jun/H-7771-2013 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Li, Jun/0000-0002-3689-8946 NR 22 TC 247 Z9 258 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 31 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 13 BP 2023 EP 2025 DI 10.1063/1.1564870 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 659WU UT WOS:000181801100009 ER PT J AU Pelaz, L Marques, LA Aboy, M Barbolla, J Gilmer, GH AF Pelaz, L Marques, LA Aboy, M Barbolla, J Gilmer, GH TI Atomistic modeling of amorphization and recrystallization in silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTED SI; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; POINT-DEFECTS; DIFFUSION; DAMAGE AB We propose an atomistic model to describe the evolution of the damage generated by irradiation in Si, going from isolated point defects to the formation of continuous amorphous layers. The elementary units used to reproduce the defective zones are Si interstitials, vacancies and the bond defect, which is a local distortion of the Si lattice without any excess or deficit of atoms. More complex defect structures can be formed as these elementary units cluster. The amorphous pockets are treated as agglomerates of bond defects characterized by their local coordination. The model is able to reproduce the abrupt regime in the crystal-amorphous transition in Si and the epitaxial recrystallization upon annealing as observed in the experiments. The model extends the atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo simulation technique to high implant doses, adequately describing the amorphization and regrowth in Si. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Valladolid, Dept Elect, Valladolid 47011, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pelaz, L (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, Dept Elect, Campus Miguel Delibes S-N, Valladolid 47011, Spain. EM lourdes@ele.uva.es RI Aboy, Maria/L-6068-2014; Pelaz, Lourdes/M-1766-2014; Marques, Luis/M-1848-2014 OI Aboy, Maria/0000-0001-6419-6071; Marques, Luis/0000-0002-9269-4331 NR 15 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 31 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 13 BP 2038 EP 2040 DI 10.1063/1.1564296 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 659WU UT WOS:000181801100014 ER PT J AU Gebauer, J Weber, ER Jager, ND Urban, K Ebert, P AF Gebauer, J Weber, ER Jager, ND Urban, K Ebert, P TI Determination of the charge carrier compensation mechanism in Te-doped GaAs by scanning tunneling microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; SCALE PROPERTIES; POINT-DEFECTS; SI; DOPANT; SURFACES; IDENTIFICATION; GAAS(110); COMPLEXES; VACANCIES AB We identified the charge carrier compensation mechanism in Te-doped GaAs with atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy. Three types of defects were found: tellurium donors (Te-As), Ga vacancies (V-Ga), and Ga vacancy-donor complexes (V-Ga-Te-As). We show quantitatively that the compensation in Te-doped bulk GaAs is exclusively caused by vacancy-donor complexes in contrast to Si-doped GaAs. This is explained with the Fermi-level effect as the universal mechanism leading to Ga vacancy formation in n-doped GaAs, and a Coulomb interaction leading to the formation of the complexes. The quantification of the carrier compensation yields a -3e charge state of V-Ga in bulk GaAs. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGebauer@lbl.gov OI Ebert, Ph./0000-0002-2022-2378 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 31 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 13 BP 2059 EP 2061 DI 10.1063/1.1563835 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 659WU UT WOS:000181801100021 ER PT J AU Li, Q Gu, GD Zhu, Y AF Li, Q Gu, GD Zhu, Y TI High critical-current density in robust MgB2/Mg nanocomposites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FIELD; WIRES AB A robust and high critical-current density (J(c)>1 MA/cm(2) at 5 K and self-field) superconducting composite based on MgB2 has been developed. The composite consists of 75% MgB2 matrix and 25% dispersed Mg on the scale of tens of nanometers. Transmission electron microscope investigation revealed that the composites are extremely dense, and consist of nanosized MgB2 grains connected by the clean strongly coupled grain boundaries. The nanodispersed Mg can blunt crack tips and provides regions for plastic flow. Both magnetization and magneto-optical studies demonstrated that the composite is free of any weak links. Furthermore, the addition of Mg in the matrix substantially reduces the flux jumps commonly observed in the monolithic MgB2 superconductors. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM qiangli@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 31 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 13 BP 2103 EP 2105 DI 10.1063/1.1564871 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 659WU UT WOS:000181801100036 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, RK AF Ahrenkiel, RK TI Recombination processes and lifetime measurements in silicon photovoltaics SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Nanoscale Materials Devices CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL CANCUN, MEXICO DE recombination process; lifetime; Si; photovoltaics; Shockley-Read-Hall process AB Recombination lifetime is one of the critical parameters in the search for cost-competitive photovoltaic technologies. Each technology has specific materials issues with respect to the role of recombination lifetime in the potential success of that technology. The dominant commercial technology for low-cost deployment of photovoltaics is currently based on various growth methods of bulk silicon. For low-cost terrestrial applications, the objective is to compromise efficiency while maximizing the efficiency-to-cost ratio. A frequent and cost-efficient tactic is to develop low-cost silicon purification and gettering processes, assessing the effectiveness of the latter by lifetime measurements. The recombination mechanism that affects low-cost silicon photovoltaics is the impurity-related Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) process, and SRH-impurity removal is of primary concern. Here, I will present some results from a photovoltaic device model that links a theoretical efficiency to a given range of recombination lifetimes. Specialized measurement techniques are needed to get meaningful information about recombination lifetimes for these low-cost materials. Described here is a contactless photoconductive decay measurement system that has proven to be successful for most of these materials. Experimental results on a range of low-cost silicon alternatives will be presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAR 31 PY 2003 VL 76 IS 3 BP 243 EP 256 AR PII S0927-0248(02)00277-5 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(02)00277-5 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 647XG UT WOS:000181118900003 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, RN Fernandez, AM AF Bhattacharya, RN Fernandez, AM TI CuIn1-xGaxSe2-based photovoltaic cells from electrodeposited precursor films SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Nanoscale Materials Devices CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL CANCUN, MEXICO DE electrodeposition; Cu(In, Ga)Se-2; photovoltaic cell; buffer solution ID THIN-FILMS AB We have developed an electrodeposition bath based on a buffer solution so that the stability of the electrodeposition process is enhanced and no metal oxides or hydroxides precipitate out of solution. The buffer-solution-based bath also deposits more gallium in the precursor films. As-deposited precursors are stoichiometric or slightly Cu-rich CuIn1-xGaxSe2. Only a minimal amount of indium was added to the electrodeposited precursor films by physical vapor deposition to obtain a 9.4%-efficient device. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAR 31 PY 2003 VL 76 IS 3 BP 331 EP 337 AR PII S0927-0248(02)00285-4 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(02)00285-4 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 647XG UT WOS:000181118900011 ER PT J AU Chen, JP AF Chen, JP TI Neutron spin structure study at Jefferson Lab Hall A SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spain Physics CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL PEKING UNIV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO PEKING UNIV ID QUARK AB With a high-intensity highly-polarized 6 GeV electron beam, and a high-density polarized He-3 target, we have carried out a number of experiments to study the neutron spin structure at Hall A in Jefferson Lab. Taking advantage of the high luminosity of Jefferson Lab, we completed two inclusive deep-inelastic-scattering experiments this summer. In the first precision measurements were made of the spin asymmetry A(1)(n) in the valence quark (high Bjorken x) region, and in the second higher-twist effects were studied via precision measurements of g(2)(n). Physics motivation and preliminary results from the first experiment will be presented and discussed. I will also present nearly final results from an earlier experiment, which measured the generalized GDH sum for the neutron in the Q(2) range of 0.1 to 1 GeV2. Planned near-term experiments will be briefly discussed. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1153 EP 1160 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03014460 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669EL UT WOS:000182338900003 ER PT J AU Ramsey, GP AF Ramsey, GP TI Polarized parton distributions and the polarized gluon asymmetry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL PEKING UNIV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO PEKING UNIV ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G1(X); SPIN STRUCTURE; NUCLEON SPIN; PROTON; VALENCE; SEA AB The flavor-dependent valence, sea quark and antiquark spin distributions can be determined separately from theoretical assumptions and experimental data. We have determined the valence distributions using the Bjorken sum rule and have extracted polarized sea distributions, assuming that the quarks and anti-quarks for each flavor are symmetric. Other experiments have been proposed which will allow us to completely break the SU(3) symmetry of the sea flavors. To create a physical model for the polarized gluons, we investigate the gluon spin asymmetry in a proton, A(G)(x, Q(2)) = (DeltaG(x,Q2))/(G(x,Q2)). By assuming that htis is is approximately Q(2) invariant, we can completely determine the x-dependence of this asymmetry, which satisfies constituent counting rules and reproduces the basic results of the Bremsstrahlung model originated by Close and Sivers. This asymmetry can be combined with the measured unpolarized gluon density, G(x, Q(2)) to provide a prediction for DeltaG(x, Q(2)). Existing and proposed experiments can test both the prediction of scale-invariance for AG(x,Q2) and the nature of AG itself. These models will be discussed along with suggestions for specific experiments which can be performed at energies typical of HERA, RHIC and LHC to determine the nature of these polarized distributions. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ramsey, GP (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Phys, 6525 N Sheridan, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. EM gpr@hep.anl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1211 EP 1218 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03014538 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669EL UT WOS:000182338900010 ER PT J AU Bunce, C AF Bunce, C TI RHIC accelerator advances for spin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spain Physics CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL PEKING UNIV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO PEKING UNIV AB Spin physics has always had tight coupling between the physics, both experiment and theory, and accelerator physics. We have all benefited from the tradition of this close collaboration. This workshop is focused on physics issues, and this talk discusses recent advances in the accelerator/polarimetry areas for the RHIC spin program. The first polarized proton collisions at RHIC (and in the world) are planned for this winter. (Since the writing occurs near the end of this first run with polarized proton collisions, our instant analysis of this very successful run is included in this written version.) C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bunce, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1255 EP 1261 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03014587 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669EL UT WOS:000182338900015 ER PT J AU Berger, EL AF Berger, EL TI The puzzle of the bottom quark production cross section SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spain Physics CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL PEKING UNIV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO PEKING UNIV ID VIOLATING SUPERSYMMETRIC COUPLINGS; OPEN BEAUTY PRODUCTION; TOP-SQUARK PRODUCTION; = 1.8 TEV; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; E+E ANNIHILATION; MASS; COLLIDER; SEARCH AB The production rate of bottom quarks at hadron colliders exceeds the expectations of next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics. An additional contribution from pair-production of light gluinos, of mass 12 to 16 GeV, with two-body decays into bottom quarks and light bottom squarks, yields a differential cross section for bottom quarks in better agreement with data. The masses of the gluino and bottom squark are restricted further by the ratio of like-sign to opposite-sign leptons at hadron colliders. Restrictions on this scenario from other data are summarized, and predictions are made for other processes such as Upsilon decay into a pair of bottom squarks. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1263 EP 1272 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03014599 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669EL UT WOS:000182338900016 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Hwang, DS Schmidt, I AF Brodsky, SJ Hwang, DS Schmidt, I TI Final-state interactions and single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL PEKING UNIV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO PEKING UNIV ID DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; MOMENTUM; LEPTONS; QUARKS AB Recent measurements from the HERMES and SMC collaborations show a remarkably large. azimuthal single-spin asymmetries A(UL) and AUT of the proton in semi-inclusive pion leptoproduction gamma*(q)p --> piX. We show that final-state-interactions from gluon exchange between the outgoing quark and the target spectator system leads to single-spin asymmetries in deep inelastic lepton-proton scattering at leading twist in perturbative QCD; i.e., the rescattering corrections are not power-law suppressed at large photon virtuality q(2) at fixed x(bj). The existence of such single-spin asymmetries requires a phase difference between two amplitudes coupling the proton target with J(p)(z) = +/- (1)/(2) to the same final-state, the same amplitudes which are necessary to produce a nonzero proton anomalous magnetic moment. We show that the exchange of gauge particles between the outgoing quark and the proton spectators produces a Coulomb-like complex phase which depends on the angular momentum L-z of the proton's constituents and thus is distinct for different proton spin amplitudes. The single-spin asymmetry which arises from such final-state interactions does not factorize into a product of structure function and fragmentation function, and it is not related to the transversity distribution deltaq(x, Q) which correlates transversely polarized quarks with the spin of the transversely polarized target nucleon. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Fis, Valparaiso, Chile. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjbth@slac.stanford.edu; dshwang@kunja.sejong.ac.kr; ischmidt@fcs.utfsm.cl RI Schmidt, Ivan/J-5920-2012 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1327 EP 1334 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03014678 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669EL UT WOS:000182338900024 ER PT J AU Detmold, W Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW AF Detmold, W Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW TI Connecting structure functions on the lattice with phenomenology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spain Physics CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL PEKING UNIV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO PEKING UNIV ID QCD; NUCLEON AB We examine the extraction of moments of parton-distributions from lattice data, focusing in particular on the chiral extrapolation as a function of the quark mass. Inclusion of the correct chiral behavior of the spin-averaged isovector distribution resolves a long-standing discrepancy between the lattice moments and experiment. We extract the x-dependence of the valence u - d distribution from the lowest few lattice moments, and discuss the implications for the quark mass dependence of meson masses lying on the a(2) Regge trajectory. The role of chiral symmetry in spin-dependent distributions, and in particular the lattice axial vector charge, g(A), is also highlighted. C1 Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Detmold, W (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. OI Detmold, William/0000-0002-0400-8363; Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1343 EP 1350 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03014691 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669EL UT WOS:000182338900026 ER PT J AU Peng, JC AF Peng, JC TI Status of spin physics: Experimental summary SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spain Physics CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL PEKING UNIV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO PEKING UNIV ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLARIZED QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; SEMIINCLUSIVE PION ELECTROPRODUCTION; CHARGED CURRENT INTERACTIONS; ELECTRON-PROTON-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1); TO-LEADING ORDER; SUM-RULE; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB The current status of spin physics experiments, based on talks presented at the Third Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics held in Beijing, 2001, is summarized in this article. Highlights of recent experimental results at SLAC, JLab, and DESY, as well as future plans at these facilities and at RHIC-spin are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Peng, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1513 EP 1530 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03015015 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669EL UT WOS:000182338900058 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ TI Hadron spin dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL PEKING UNIV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA HO PEKING UNIV ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; DEPENDENT PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTION REPRESENTATION; LIGHT-CONE REPRESENTATION; INTRINSIC CHARM; PROTON SPIN; SUM-RULES; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS AB Spin effects in exclusive and inclusive reactions provide an essential new dimension for testing QCD and unraveling hadron structure. Remarkable new experiments from SLAC, HERMES (DESY), and Jefferson Lab present many challenges to theory, including measurements at HERMES and SMC of the single spin asymmetries in ep --> e'piX where the proton is polarized normal to the scattering plane. This type of single spin asymmetry may be due to the effects of rescattering of the outgoing quark on the spectators of the target proton, an effect usually neglected in conventional QCD analyses. Many aspects of spin, such as single-spin asymmetries and baryon. magnetic moments are sensitive to the dynamics of hadrons at the amplitude level, rather than probability distributions. I will illustrate the novel features of spin dynamics for relativistic systems by examining the explicit form of the light-front wavefunctions for the two-particle Fock state of the electron in QED, thus connecting the Schwinger anomalous magnetic moment to the spin and orbital momentum carried by its Fock state constituents and providing a transparent basis for understanding the structure of relativistic composite systems and their. matrix elements in hadronic physics. I also present a survey of outstanding spin puzzles in QCD, particularly A(NN) in elastic pp scattering, the J/psi --> rhopi puzzle, and J/psi polarization at the Tevatron. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 127 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1531 EP 1550 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03015027 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669EL UT WOS:000182338900059 ER PT J AU Staudigel, H Helly, J Koppers, AAP Shaw, HF McDonough, WF Hofmann, AW Langmuir, CH Lehnert, K Sarbas, B Derry, LA Zindler, A AF Staudigel, H Helly, J Koppers, AAP Shaw, HF McDonough, WF Hofmann, AW Langmuir, CH Lehnert, K Sarbas, B Derry, LA Zindler, A TI Electronic data publication in geochemistry SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE metadata; geochemistry; database; information technology; cyberinfrastructure; sample characterization; general or miscellaneous : new fields (not classifiable under other headings); Geochemistry : instruments and techniques; marine geology and geophysics : instruments and techniques; oceanography : physical : instruments and techniques AB [1] Many disciplines of geochemistry have no data reporting standards, and their use of metadata is inadequately developed. This presents problems to the quality of the published science, and it limits the utility of computers in data analysis and the exploitation of Information Technology (IT). We discuss problems of data and metadata publication, in particular for geochemistry, and offer solutions to these problems in the form of consistent data publication formats and a proposal for publication of metadata in geochemistry. Metadata are grouped according to types (location, sampling, characterization), and this grouping allows for the transfer of these formats to other Earth science disciplines. In a companion paper [Helly et al., 2003], we illustrate how these metadata groupings can be used in an IT context. Formats presented here are comprehensive and allow for modification and expansion. It is the hope of the authors that this paper initiates a constructive discussion of data formats and metadata in geochemistry. The most recent contributions to this discussion may be found at http:\\earthref.org\metadata\GERM\. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US DOE, Div Chem Sci & Biosci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Staudigel, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Shaw, Henry/B-6445-2012; McDonough, William/I-7720-2012 OI Shaw, Henry/0000-0003-0681-5430; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAR 29 PY 2003 VL 4 AR 8004 DI 10.1029/2002GC000314 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 660YY UT WOS:000181864500001 ER PT J AU Gao, S Hegg, DA Hobbs, PV Kirchstetter, TW Magi, BI Sadilek, M AF Gao, S Hegg, DA Hobbs, PV Kirchstetter, TW Magi, BI Sadilek, M TI Water-soluble organic components in aerosols associated with savanna fires in southern Africa: Identification, evolution, and distribution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosols; biomass burning; organics ID BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEASONAL-CHANGES; AIRBORNE; EMISSIONS; ELECTROSPRAY AB During the SAFARI 2000 field campaign, both smoke aerosols from savanna fires and haze aerosols in the boundary layer and in the free troposphere were collected from an aircraft in southern Africa. These aerosol samples were analyzed for their water-soluble chemical components, particularly the organic species. A novel technique, electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry, was used concurrently with an ion chromatography system to analyze for carbohydrate species. Seven carbohydrates, seven organic acids, five metallic elements, and three inorganic anions were identified and quantified. On the average, these 22 species comprised 36% and 27% of the total aerosol mass in haze and smoke aerosols, respectively. For the smoke aerosols, levoglucosan was the most abundant carbohydrate species, while gluconic acid was tentatively identified as the most abundant organic acid. The mass abundance and possible source of each class of identified species are discussed, along with their possible formation pathways. The combustion phase of a fire had an impact on the chemical composition of the emitted aerosols. Secondary formation of sulfate, nitrate, levoglucosan, and several organic acids occurred during the initial aging of smoke aerosols. It is likely that under certain conditions, some carbohydrate species in smoke aerosols, such as levoglucosan, were converted to organic acids during upward transport. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu RI Magi, Brian/K-2000-2015 OI Magi, Brian/0000-0001-8131-0083 NR 39 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 29 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 8491 DI 10.1029/2002JD002324 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 677QK UT WOS:000182818900001 ER PT J AU Hayashi, H Udagawa, Y Caliebe, WA Kao, CC AF Hayashi, H Udagawa, Y Caliebe, WA Kao, CC TI Lifetime-broadening removed X-ray absorption near edge structure by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; XANES AB A novel method to measure lifetime-broadening removed (LBR) X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra is presented. It makes use of monochromatic incident X-rays near resonant condition as well as a high-resolution spectrometer. Fine structures observed in the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra are compared to high-resolution fluorescent excitation XANES spectra for several copper compounds, demonstrating that the present method can be employed to obtain LBR-XANES. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hayashi, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Aoba Ku, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM hayashi@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp OI Hayashi, Hisashi/0000-0002-8504-4066 NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 371 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00220-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 659QG UT WOS:000181788000020 ER PT J AU Marin, TW Jonah, CD Bartels, DM AF Marin, TW Jonah, CD Bartels, DM TI Reaction of OH* radicals with H-2 in sub-critical water SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; DEPENDENT FRICTION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; SOLVENT; TEMPERATURES; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; BENZENE AB The rate constant for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals (OH,) with hydrogen in aqueous solutions has been measured from 200 to 350 degreesC by competition kinetics using nitrobenzene as a competing OH scavenger. Measurements below 250 degreesC agree with previous results in other laboratories. At higher temperatures, the rate constant undershoots an extrapolation of the Arrhenius plot and actually decreases in value above 275 degreesC. At 350 degreesC, the measured rate constant is more than a factor of 5 below the Arrhenius extrapolation. We propose an explanation based largely on the hydrophobic solvation properties of the H, molecule. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bartels, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bartels@anl.gov RI Marin, Timothy/E-3446-2010 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 371 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00064-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 659QG UT WOS:000181788000024 ER PT J AU Busso, D Kim, R Kim, SH AF Busso, D Kim, R Kim, SH TI Expression of soluble recombinant proteins in a cell-free system using a 96-well format SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE cell-free; screening; expression; solubility; automation; recombinant proteins ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PURIFICATION; TRANSLATION; POLYMERASE AB For structural and functional genomics programs, new high-throughput methods to obtain well-expressing and highly soluble proteins are essential. Here, we describe a rapid procedure to express recombinant proteins in an Escherichia coli cell-free system using a 96-well format. The identification of soluble proteins is performed by the Dot Blot procedure using an anti-His tag antibody. The applications and the automation of this method are described. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Calvin Lab 314, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Busso, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Calvin Lab 314, MS5230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62412] NR 14 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-022X J9 J BIOCHEM BIOPH METH JI J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 55 IS 3 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0165-022X(03)00049-6 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 683EH UT WOS:000183134500004 PM 12706907 ER PT J AU Schlittgen, B Wettig, T AF Schlittgen, B Wettig, T TI Generalizations of some integrals over the unitary group SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID COLOR-FLAVOR TRANSFORMATION; ITZYKSON-ZUBER INTEGRALS; QCD PARTITION-FUNCTION AB Using the character expansion method, we generalize several well-known integrals over the unitary group to the case where general complex matrices appear in the integrand. These integrals are of interest in the theory of random matrices and may also find applications in lattice gauge theory. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schlittgen, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3195 EP 3201 AR PII S0305-4470(03)40179-0 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/36/12/319 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 671FP UT WOS:000182454900020 ER PT J AU Yu, SW Stolte, WC Ohrwall, G Guillemin, R Piancastelli, MN Lindle, DW AF Yu, SW Stolte, WC Ohrwall, G Guillemin, R Piancastelli, MN Lindle, DW TI Anionic and cationic photofragmentation of core-excited N2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; VALENCE; EXCITATION; RESONANCES; SPECTRA; OXIDE; CO2 AB We have measured all detectable cationic and anionic fragments in single-channel mode from N2O as a function of photon energy in the vicinity of the nitrogen Is core-level threshold. Due to the high degree of localization of the core electrons, the two excitations N(t)1s --> 3pi* and N(c)1s --> 3pi * show high levels of site-selective behaviour. The observed partial ion yield for the sole anionic fragment,O-, in conjunction with the partial cation yields, confirms our previous demonstration of anion-yield spectroscopy as a unique tool to identify core-level shape resonances. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Chem Sci & Technol, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Yu, SW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1255 EP 1261 AR PII S0953-4075(03)54577-1 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/36/6/313 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 668QB UT WOS:000182303700014 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML D'Amato, MJ Feibelman, PJ Swartzentruber, BS AF Anderson, ML D'Amato, MJ Feibelman, PJ Swartzentruber, BS TI Vacancy-mediated and exchange diffusion in a Pb/Cu(111) surface alloy: Concurrent diffusion on two length scales SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; RELAXATION; TRANSITION; MIGRATION; ADATOMS; METALS; COPPER AB Pb diffuses in a Pb/Cu(111) surface alloy predominantly by exchange with surface vacancies and, much less frequently, by exchange with thermal Cu adatoms. Because the infrequent adatom exchanges transport Pb atoms much farther, both processes affect observations of Pb transport in the Pb/Cu(111) surface alloy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 12 AR 126102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.126102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 660YK UT WOS:000181862600033 PM 12688887 ER PT J AU Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM AF Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM TI Finite temperature spectral function of Mott insulators and charge density wave states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD-MODEL; SEPARATION; PEIERLS AB We calculate the low-temperature spectral function of one-dimensional incommensurate charge density wave states and half filled Mott insulators. At T = 0 there are two dispersing features associated with the spin and charge degrees of freedom, respectively. We show that already at very low temperatures ( compared to the gap) one of these features gets severely damped. We comment on implications of this result for photoemission experiments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Essler, FHL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 12 AR 126401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.126401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 660YK UT WOS:000181862600037 PM 12688891 ER PT J AU Fabijonas, BR Holm, DD AF Fabijonas, BR Holm, DD TI Mean effects of turbulence on elliptic instability in fluids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATIONS; STOKES-ALPHA MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL INSTABILITY; FLOWS AB Elliptic instability in fluids is discussed in the context of the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha (LANS-alpha) turbulence model. This model preserves the Craik-Criminale ( CC) family of solutions consisting of a columnar eddy and a Kelvin wave. The LANS-alpha model is shown to preserve elliptic instability. However, the model shifts the critical stability angle. This shift increases (decreases) the maximum growth rate for long (short) waves. It also introduces a band of stable CC solutions for short waves. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Fabijonas, BR (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 12 AR 124501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.124501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 660YK UT WOS:000181862600022 PM 12688876 ER PT J AU Gabyshev, N Kichimi, H Abe, K Abe, K Abe, R Abe, T Adachi, I Aihara, H Akatsu, M Asano, Y Aso, T Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Bakich, AM Ban, Y Banas, E Bay, A Bedny, I Bizjak, I Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Casey, BCK Chang, MC Chang, P Chao, Y Chen, KF Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Danilov, M Dong, LY Dragic, J Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Eiges, V Enari, Y Fang, F Fukunaga, C Garmash, A Gershon, T Golob, B Haba, J Hagner, C Handa, F Hara, T Hasuko, K Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Higuchi, I Hinz, L Hojo, T Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, WS Hsiung, YB Huang, HC Igaki, T Igarashi, Y Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwasaki, H Iwasaki, Y Jang, HK Kang, JH Kang, JS Kapusta, P Kataoka, SU Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kim, DW Kim, HJ Kim, HO Kim, H Kim, JH Kim, SK Kinoshita, K Kobayashi, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kulasiri, R Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Leder, G Lee, SH Li, J Lin, SW Liventsev, D Lu, RS MacNaughton, J Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsuishi, T Matsumoto, S Matsumoto, T Mitaroff, W Miyabayashi, Y Miyake, H Miyata, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nagamine, T Nagasaka, Y Nakadaira, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Nam, JW Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Noguchi, S Nozaki, T Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okabe, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Palka, H Park, CW Park, H Park, KS Peak, LS Perroud, JP Piilonen, LE Rozanska, M Rybicki, K Sagawa, H Saitoh, S Sakai, Y Sarangi, TR Satapathy, M Satpathy, A Schneider, O Schrenk, S Schumann, J Schwartz, AJ Semenov, S Senyo, K Seuster, R Sevior, ME Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Sidorov, V Singh, JB Soni, N Stanic, S Staric, M Sugi, A Sugiyama, A Sumisawa, K Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Suzuki, SY Swain, SK Takahashi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, J Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tokuda, S Tomura, T Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Unno, Y Uno, S Varner, G Varvell, KE Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, JG Wang, MZ Watanabe, Y Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yuan, Y Yusa, Y Zhang, CC Zhang, ZP Zheng, Y Zhilich, V Zontar, D AF Gabyshev, N Kichimi, H Abe, K Abe, K Abe, R Abe, T Adachi, I Aihara, H Akatsu, M Asano, Y Aso, T Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Bakich, AM Ban, Y Banas, E Bay, A Bedny, I Bizjak, I Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Casey, BCK Chang, MC Chang, P Chao, Y Chen, KF Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Danilov, M Dong, LY Dragic, J Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Eiges, V Enari, Y Fang, F Fukunaga, C Garmash, A Gershon, T Golob, B Haba, J Hagner, C Handa, F Hara, T Hasuko, K Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Higuchi, I Hinz, L Hojo, T Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, WS Hsiung, YB Huang, HC Igaki, T Igarashi, Y Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwasaki, H Iwasaki, Y Jang, HK Kang, JH Kang, JS Kapusta, P Kataoka, SU Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kim, DW Kim, HJ Kim, HO Kim, H Kim, JH Kim, SK Kinoshita, K Kobayashi, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kulasiri, R Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Leder, G Lee, SH Li, J Lin, SW Liventsev, D Lu, RS MacNaughton, J Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsuishi, T Matsumoto, S Matsumoto, T Mitaroff, W Miyabayashi, Y Miyake, H Miyata, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nagamine, T Nagasaka, Y Nakadaira, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Nam, JW Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Noguchi, S Nozaki, T Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okabe, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Palka, H Park, CW Park, H Park, KS Peak, LS Perroud, JP Piilonen, LE Rozanska, M Rybicki, K Sagawa, H Saitoh, S Sakai, Y Sarangi, TR Satapathy, M Satpathy, A Schneider, O Schrenk, S Schumann, J Schwartz, AJ Semenov, S Senyo, K Seuster, R Sevior, ME Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Sidorov, V Singh, JB Soni, N Stanic, S Staric, M Sugi, A Sugiyama, A Sumisawa, K Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Suzuki, SY Swain, SK Takahashi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, J Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tokuda, S Tomura, T Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Unno, Y Uno, S Varner, G Varvell, KE Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, JG Wang, MZ Watanabe, Y Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yuan, Y Yusa, Y Zhang, CC Zhang, ZP Zheng, Y Zhilich, V Zontar, D TI Observation of the decay (B)over-bar(0)->Lambda(+)(c)(p)over-bar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BARYON-ANTIBARYON PAIRS; EXCLUSIVE DECAYS; MESONS; SEARCH AB We report the measurement of the charmed baryonic decay (B) over bar (0) --> Lambda(c)(+) (p) over bar with a branching fraction of (2.19(-0.49)(+0.56) +/- 0.32 +/- 0.57) x 10(-5) and a statistical significance of 5.8 sigma. The errors are statistical, systematic, and the error of the Lambda(c)(+) --> pK(-)pi(+) decay branching fraction. This is the first observation of a two-body baryonic B decay. The analysis is based on 78.2 fb(-1) of data accumulated at the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. Chuo Univ, Tokyo 112, Japan. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Lausanne, Inst Phys Hautes Energies, Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Natl Lien Ho Inst Technol, Miaoli, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Saga Univ, Saga 840, Japan. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan. Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Tagajo, Miyagi, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa, India. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yokkaichi Univ, Yokaichi, Japan. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RI Abe, Kazuo/F-6576-2010; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Huang, Hsuan-Cheng/C-7266-2011; Nitoh, Osamu/C-3522-2013; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Pakhlov, Pavel/K-2158-2013; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; Krokovny, Pavel/G-4421-2016; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014; Drutskoy, Alexey/C-8833-2016 OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Huang, Hsuan-Cheng/0000-0002-3386-0934; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Pakhlov, Pavel/0000-0001-7426-4824; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Krokovny, Pavel/0000-0002-1236-4667; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390; Drutskoy, Alexey/0000-0003-4524-0422 NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 12 AR 121802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.121802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 660YK UT WOS:000181862600013 PM 12688867 ER PT J AU Passian, A Warmack, RJ Ferrell, TL Thundat, T AF Passian, A Warmack, RJ Ferrell, TL Thundat, T TI Thermal transpiration at the microscale: A Crookes cantilever SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DAEDALUS AB Local temperature inhomogeneities in systems containing micron and submicron objects can result in unexpected consequences. If the mean free path of the host gas constituents is comparable to a characteristic length of the system, then a net exchange of momentum occurs between the constituents and the involved surfaces. For a given temperature gradient and a given pressure range, this results in the presence of Knudsen and Knudsen-like forces (KF). The pressure dependence of these forces has been studied using a microelectromechanical system composed of a microcantilever near a substrate surface. Nano-Newton scale KF are observed by the bending of the microcantilever as monitored by the charge variation on the microcantilever-substrate assembly in a capacitive mode. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 12 AR 124503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.124503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 660YK UT WOS:000181862600024 PM 12688878 ER PT J AU Zurek, WH AF Zurek, WH TI Environment-assisted invariance, entanglement, and probabilities in quantum physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EVERETT INTERPRETATION; DECOHERENCE; MECHANICS; WORLDS AB I introduce environment-assisted invariance or envariance - a symmetry exhibited by correlated quantum systems and related to causality - and describe how it can be used to understand the nature of ignorance and, hence, the origin and interpretation of Born's rule for quantum probabilities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurek, WH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, MS B210, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 12 AR 120404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.120404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 660YK UT WOS:000181862600005 PM 12688859 ER PT J AU Gu, LH Baldocchi, DD Wofsy, SC Munger, JW Michalsky, JJ Urbanski, SP Boden, TA AF Gu, LH Baldocchi, DD Wofsy, SC Munger, JW Michalsky, JJ Urbanski, SP Boden, TA TI Response of a deciduous forest to the Mount Pinatubo eruption: Enhanced photosynthesis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC O-2; VOLCANIC SIGNAL; CO2; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; CLOUDS; EXCHANGE; AEROSOLS; FLUXES AB Volcanic aerosols from the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption greatly increased diffuse radiation worldwide for the following 2 years. We estimated that this increase in diffuse radiation alone enhanced noontime photosynthesis of a deciduous forest by 23% in 1992 and 8% in 1993 under cloudless conditions. This finding indicates that the aerosol-induced increase in diffuse radiation by the volcano enhanced the terrestrial carbon sink and contributed to the temporary decline in the growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide after the eruption. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Gu, LH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 1509, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 NR 42 TC 286 Z9 318 U1 11 U2 88 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 299 IS 5615 BP 2035 EP 2038 DI 10.1126/science.1078366 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 660LG UT WOS:000181834200045 PM 12663919 ER PT J AU Sinn, H Glorieux, B Hennet, L Alatas, A Hu, M Alp, EE Bermejo, FJ Price, DL Saboungi, ML AF Sinn, H Glorieux, B Hennet, L Alatas, A Hu, M Alp, EE Bermejo, FJ Price, DL Saboungi, ML TI Microscopic dynamics of liquid aluminum oxide SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ENERGY RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Collective excitations have been observed in liquid aluminum oxide at high temperatures by combining a containerless sample environment with inelastic x-ray scattering. The excitation spectra show a well-defined triplet peak structure at lower wave vectors Q (1 to 6 nanometers(-1)) and a single quasi-elastic peak at higher Q. The high-Q spectra are well described by kinetic theory. The low-Q spectra require a frequency-dependent viscosity and provide previously unknown experimental constraints on the behavior of liquids at the interface between atomistic and continuum theory. C1 Univ Orleans, CNRS, Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Sci Genie Mat & Proc, F-66100 Perpignan, France. CNRS, Ctr Rech Mat Hauts Temp, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Dept Elect & Elect, Bilbao 48080, Spain. RP Saboungi, ML (reprint author), Univ Orleans, CNRS, Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. RI HENNET, Louis/C-1711-2008; Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI HENNET, Louis/0000-0002-2992-4800; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 28 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 299 IS 5615 BP 2047 EP 2049 DI 10.1126/science.1080950 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 660LG UT WOS:000181834200048 PM 12663922 ER PT J AU Caldeira, K Jain, AK Hoffert, MI AF Caldeira, K Jain, AK Hoffert, MI TI Climate sensitivity uncertainty and the need for energy without CO2 emission SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON; COSTS; STABILIZATION AB The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change calls for "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." Even if we could determine a "safe" level of interference in the climate system, the sensitivity of global mean temperature to increasing atmospheric CO2 is known perhaps only to a factor of three or less. Here we show how a factor of three uncertainty in climate sensitivity introduces even greater uncertainty in allowable increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration and allowable CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, unless climate sensitivity is low and acceptable amounts of climate change are high, climate stabilization will require a massive transition to CO2 emission-free energy technologies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Caldeira, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, 7000 East Ave,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 NR 23 TC 141 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 299 IS 5615 BP 2052 EP 2054 DI 10.1126/science.1078938 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 660LG UT WOS:000181834200050 PM 12663924 ER PT J AU DeSain, JD Klippenstein, SJ Taatjes, CA Hurley, MD Wallington, TJ AF DeSain, JD Klippenstein, SJ Taatjes, CA Hurley, MD Wallington, TJ TI Product formation in the Cl-initiated oxidation of cyclopropane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PLUS O-2 REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; REACTION C2H5+O-2; RATE CONSTANTS; KINETIC DATA; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; REACTION C3H7+O-2; CHLORINE ATOMS; C2H4 YIELD AB The production of HO2 and OH in the reaction Of c-C3H5 + O-2 is investigated as a function of temperature (296-700 K) using laser photolysis/CW infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy. The cyclopropyl radical is generated by the Cl + cyclopropane reaction following pulsed laser photolysis Of Cl-2. Significant OH and HO2 production is observed at 296 K, and both [OH]/[Cl](0) and [HO2]/[Cl](0) increase slowly with increased temperature until similar to600 K, where a sharper increase with temperature is observed. Relative rate and end product measurements are also performed using a smog chamber FTIR apparatus. The relative reactivity of cyclopropyl radicals toward O-2 and Cl-2 is kc-C3H5+O-2/kc-C3H5+Cl-2 = 0.44 +/- 0.02 at 700 Torr, 0.44 +/- 0.03 at 75 Torr, and 0.24 +/- 0.02 at 10 Torr of N-2 diluent at 296 K. Ethene and oxirane are identified as end products of the cyclopropane oxidation. Molar yields of oxirane are 0.11 +/- 0.03 at 6 Torr, 0.08 +/- 0.02 at 10 Torr, and 0.06 +/- 0.02 at 50 Torr total pressure of N-2/O-2 diluent; molar yields of ethene are 0.14 +/- 0.02 (6 Tort) and 0.15 +/- 0.01 (10 Torr) and 0.30 +/- 0.06 (50 Torr). The combined experimental data suggest that HO2 is not a primary product of the cyclopropyl + O-2 reaction but arises from secondary reactions of HCO or HCO2 products formed in conjunction with oxirane or ethene. Quantum chemical calculations of stationary points on the cyclopropyl + O-2 surface indicate that ring opening and isomerization Of C-C3H5O2 to form a dioxirane species is possible, with a calculated transition state energy 0.5 kcal mol(-1) above that of the reactants. This dioxirane species is a conceivable precursor to HCO2 + ethene or HCO + oxirane formation; however, the calculations suggest OH + acrolein as the dominant bimolecular products. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ford Motor Co, Res Staff, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Taatjes, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cataatj@sandia.gov OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 12 BP 1992 EP 2002 DI 10.1021/jp022120u PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 658JH UT WOS:000181717500013 ER PT J AU Hurley, MD Schneider, WF Wallington, TJ Mann, DJ DeSain, JD Taatjes, CA AF Hurley, MD Schneider, WF Wallington, TJ Mann, DJ DeSain, JD Taatjes, CA TI Kinetics of elementary reactions in the chain chlorination of cyclopropane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CL ATOMS; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RATE CONSTANTS; HCL PRODUCTION; RELATIVE RATE; HARTREE-FOCK; ABSTRACTION; RADICALS AB The kinetics of elementary reactions involved in the chain chlorination of cyclopropane are examined using a combination of absolute and relative rate constant measurements and first principles electronic structure calculations. Relative rate methods are used in a smog chamber FTIR apparatus to determine k(Cl + C-C3H6) = (1.15 +/- 0.17) x 10(-13) and k(Cl + C-C3H5Cl) = (1.06 +/- 0.18) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) in 10-700 Torr of air, or N-2, diluent at 296 K. Absolute rate coefficients for the reaction of Cl with cyclopropane are measured between 293 and 623 K by a laser-photolysis/CW infrared absorption method. The data can be represented in Arrhenius form as k(Cl + C-C3H6) = ((1.8 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1))e(-(2150+/-100)/T). To support the experimental investigations, first principles electronic structure calculations are performed. Vibrational spectra Of C-C3H5Cl, C-C3H4O2, and C-C3H3Cl3 are calculated and are presented. gem-C3H4O2 is calculated to be the kinetically and thermodynamically most favored dichlorocyclopropane. The experimental observations are consistent with the computational findings. C1 Ford Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hurley, MD (reprint author), Ford Res Lab, Mail Drop 3083-SRL, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. EM mhurley3@ford.com; cataatj@sandia.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 12 BP 2003 EP 2010 DI 10.1021/jp022121m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 658JH UT WOS:000181717500014 ER PT J AU Marasas, RA Iyoda, T Miller, JR AF Marasas, RA Iyoda, T Miller, JR TI Benzene radical ion in equilibrium with solvated electrons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID TEMPORARY ANION STATES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BIRCH REDUCTION; DIMER CATION; GAS-PHASE; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; REORGANIZATION ENERGIES; SUBSTITUTED BENZENES; THEORETICAL APPROACH; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA AB Radical anions of benzene (C6H6) and its monofluoro and -methyl derivatives are found to exist in equilibrium with solvated electrons in THF solution. At 298 K C6H6.- is less stable than the solvated electron with K-eq= 0.22 M-1, but at lower temperatures C6H6.- is favored, K-eq reaching 65 M-1 at 218 K. The energetics (DeltaHdegrees = -26 kJ/mol; DeltaSdegrees = -101 J/deg mol) are remarkable because the same reaction is endoergic by 1.17 eV in the gas phase. For fluorobenzene, K-eq =1.7 x 10(2) M-1 at 298 K and is also strongly temperature-dependent with a similar, large negative entropy change (DeltaHdegrees = -49 kJ/mol; DeltaSdegrees = - 121 J/deg mol). The energetics can be understood by taking into account a substantial (similar to1 eV) electronic energy of the solvated electron. The large apparent "entropy changes" may include changes that are not entropic, but arise instead from temperature and density dependent enthalpy changes. The optical absorption spectrum Of C6H6.- is similar to that reported at 77 K. As would be expected for an ion of small size, C6H6.- forms strongly bound ion pairs with Na+; the dissociation constant for (C6H6.-,Na+) ion pairs is 4.5 x 10(-10) M. This strong ion pairing stabilizes C6H6.- when a counterion is available, explaining why the ion-pair, but not the free ion of benzene, is readily observed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, JR (reprint author), Abbott Labs, 755 Jarvis Dr, Morgan Hill, CA 95037 USA. EM jrmiller@bnl.gov RI Iyoda, Tomokazu/F-4731-2015 OI Iyoda, Tomokazu/0000-0002-9393-5387 NR 101 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 12 BP 2033 EP 2038 DI 10.1021/jp026893y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 658JH UT WOS:000181717500017 ER PT J AU Csaszar, AG Leininger, ML Burcat, A AF Csaszar, AG Leininger, ML Burcat, A TI Enthalpy of formation of (2)Pi(3/2) SH SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; HEATS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; MODEL; ATOMS; WATER; THERMOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOIONIZATION AB The standard enthalpy of formation, Delta(f)Hdegrees, of (2)Pi(3/2) SH has been determined at converged levels of ab initio electronic structure theory, including high-order coupled cluster and full configuration interaction benchmarks. The atomic Gaussian basis sets employed include the (aug)-cc-p(wC)VnZ family with n = 3, 4, 5, and 6. Extrapolations to the complete. one-particle basis set and the full configuration interaction limits, where appropriate, have been performed to reduce remaining computational errors. Additional improvements in the enthalpy of formation of (2)Pi SH were achieved by appending the valence-only treatment with core-valence correlation, scalar relativistic and spin-orbit effects, and the diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction. The recommended values for Delta(f)H(0)degrees and Delta(f)H(298)degrees of (2)Pi SH are 141.24(-0.46)(+0.52) and 141.87(-0.46)(+0.52) kJ mol(-1), respectively, U mol-1. The corresponding enthalpy of formation of (2)Pi corresponding to a recommended D-e = 365.76(-0.42)(+0.50) SD is Delta(f)H(0)degrees = 140.17(-0.50)(+0.56) kJ mol(-1). C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Csaszar, AG (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary. EM csaszar@chem.elte.hu RI Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009 NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 12 BP 2061 EP 2065 DI 10.1021/jp026605u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 658JH UT WOS:000181717500020 ER PT J AU Herman, GS Dohnalek, Z Ruzycki, N Diebold, U AF Herman, GS Dohnalek, Z Ruzycki, N Diebold, U TI Experimental investigation of the interaction of water and methanol with anatase-TiO2(101) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; TIO2 SURFACES; THIN-FILM; ANATASE; ADSORPTION; TIO2(110); RUTILE; TIO2(001) AB The interaction of water and methanol with well-defined (1 x 1) terminated surfaces of anatase-TiO2(101) were investigated with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For water, three desorption states were observed in the TPD spectra at 160, 190, and 250 K. The three desorption peaks were assigned to multilayer water, water adsorbed to 2-fold-coordinated O, and water adsorbed to 5-fold-coordinated Ti, respectively. The TPD spectra for methanol were more complicated. For methanol, five desorption peaks were observed in the TPD spectra at 135, 170, 260, 410, and 610 K. The five desorption peaks were assigned to multilayer methanol, methanol adsorbed to 2-fold-coordinated O, methanol adsorbed to 5-fold-coordinated Ti, methoxy adsorbed to 5-fold-coordinated Ti, and methoxy adsorbed to Ti at step edges, respectively. The XPS results indicated that the adsorbed water and methanol were predominantly bound to the surface in a molecular state, with no evidence for dissociation. Furthermore, the O 1s core-level binding energies for water and methanol were found to shift to an similar to0.75 eV lower binding energy for coverages before multilayer desorption is observed in the TPD spectra. The O 1s core-level binding-energy shift appears to be linear in this region and corresponds to water and methanol bonding to Ti cation and O anion sites on the surface. The C 1s core-level binding energy for methanol was found to remain approximately constant in the same coverage regime. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Herman, GS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gs_herman@yahoo.com; zdenek.dohnalek@pnl.gov RI Diebold, Ulrike/A-3681-2010; OI Diebold, Ulrike/0000-0003-0319-5256; Ruzycki, Nancy/0000-0001-7516-2985 NR 56 TC 222 Z9 225 U1 15 U2 128 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 12 BP 2788 EP 2795 DI 10.1021/jp0275544 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 658JJ UT WOS:000181717600024 ER PT J AU Zhan, CG Spencer, P Dixon, DA AF Zhan, CG Spencer, P Dixon, DA TI Computational insights into the chemical structures and mechanisms of the chromogenic and neurotoxic effects of aromatic gamma-diketones SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET REGION; HYDRATION FREE-ENERGY; GAS-PHASE; REACTION PATHWAYS; THEORETICAL DETERMINATION; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; HYDROXIDE ION; ACTIVE-SITE AB The chromogenic properties of various candidate structures, i.e., isoindole monomers and dimers and their derivatives, of the chromophores formed from the reactions of 1,2-diacetylbenzene (1,2-,DAB), a typical representative of chromogenic and neurotoxic aromatic gamma-diketones, with NH3, amino acids, and proteins, have been calculated by using density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the isoindole monomers should not exhibit a color, whereas the isoindole derivative dimers should all be colored. Further oxidization of the isoindole derivative dimers can significantly change the colors of the dimers, and the results calculated for the oxidized isoindole derivative dimers are completely consistent with all of the experimental data for the chromogenic and neurotoxic effects of 1,2-DAB. It has been demonstrated that the violet/blue chromophores formed from the reactions of 1,2-DAB with amino acids/proteins under neutral and acidic conditions are likely to be the oxidized isoindole derivative dimer structures (like 7b) cross-linking the proteins, whereas the brown chromophores formed when pH greater than or equal to 7.5 could be the oxidized dimer structures (like 7a) without cross-linking proteins. Our results strongly support the conclusion that the chromogenic effects of aromatic gamma-diketones are closely related to their neurotoxic effects and further predict that both the chromogenic and neurotoxic effects are associated with the same chemical reaction process under the neutral and acidic conditions. Such a reaction process most likely starts from the formation of the isoindole-protein adducts followed by the dimerization and further oxidization. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Res Occupat & Environm Toxicol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Dixon, DA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K1-83,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 12 BP 2853 EP 2861 DI 10.1021/jp0221486 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 658JJ UT WOS:000181717600033 ER PT J AU Zazubovich, V Jankowiak, R Riley, K Picorel, R Seibert, M Small, GJ AF Zazubovich, V Jankowiak, R Riley, K Picorel, R Seibert, M Small, GJ TI How fast is excitation energy transfer in the photosystem II reaction center in the low temperature limit? Hole burning vs photon echo SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY CHARGE SEPARATION; EXCITED-STATE STRUCTURE; REACTION-CENTER COMPLEX; PRIMARY ELECTRON-DONOR; SUBPICOSECOND EQUILIBRATION; ABSORPTION DIFFERENCE; BURNED SPECTRA; GREEN PLANTS; MODEL; RESOLUTION AB The Q(y)(S-1) excitonic structure, excitation energy transfer (EET), and primary charge-transfer separation processes of the isolated photosystem II reaction center (PS II RC) have proven to be formidable problems due, in part, to the severe spectral congestion of the S-o-->Q(y) absorption spectrum. Recently, Prokhorenko and Holzwarth (J. Phys. Chem. B 20009 104, 11563) reported interesting femtosecond 2-pulse photon echo data on the RC at 1.3 K for excitation wavelengths between 676 and 686 nm. At times longer than similar to1 ps and lambda greater than or similar to 678 nm, the echo decay curves are highly dispersive, which was attributed to a distribution of primary charge separation rates ranging from 2 ps to several hundred ps. A prompt subpicosecond component of the echo decay curves was also observed and suggested to be due to EET occurring in similar to100-200 fs. We present here persistent nonphotochemical hole burned spectra and transient triplet bottleneck hole spectra obtained with burn wavelengths between 680 and 686 nm, which show that the EET time in that wavelength region is no shorter than similar to5-10 ps. It is argued that the prompt component of the echo decay curves is due to relaxation of low-frequency phonons excited by the pump pulse. The argument is based on hole burning spectroscopy being the frequency domain equivalent of 2-photon echo spectroscopy, as well as on published photon echo data for chromophores in amorphous hosts. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain. RP Small, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gsmall@ameslab.gov RI PICOREL, RAFAEL/K-7930-2014 OI PICOREL, RAFAEL/0000-0003-3791-129X NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 12 BP 2862 EP 2866 DI 10.1021/jp022231t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 658JJ UT WOS:000181717600034 ER PT J AU Novakov, T Ramanathan, V Hansen, JE Kirchstetter, TW Sato, M Sinton, JE Sathaye, JA AF Novakov, T Ramanathan, V Hansen, JE Kirchstetter, TW Sato, M Sinton, JE Sathaye, JA TI Large historical changes of fossil-fuel black carbon aerosols SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; UNITED-STATES; FINE-PARTICLE; EMISSIONS; CLIMATE; SURFACE; SULFUR; ATMOSPHERE; BIOMASS; TRENDS AB Anthropogenic emissions of fine black carbon (BC) particles, the principal light-absorbing atmospheric aerosol, have varied during the past century in response to changes of fossil-fuel utilization, technology developments, and emission controls. We estimate historical trends of fossil-fuel BC emissions in six regions that represent about two-thirds of present day emissions and extrapolate these to global emissions from 1875 onward. Qualitative features in these trends show rapid increase in the latter part of the 1800s, the leveling off in the first half of the 1900s, and the re-acceleration in the past 50 years as China and India developed. We find that historical changes of fuel utilization have caused large temporal change in aerosol absorption, and thus substantial change of aerosol single scatter albedo in some regions, which suggests that BC may have contributed to global temperature changes in the past century. This implies that the BC history needs to be represented realistically in climate change assessments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Novakov, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 139 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 6 AR 1324 DI 10.1029/2002GL016345 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 677PT UT WOS:000182817300003 ER PT J AU Bartlett, RK Urbauer, RJB Anbanandam, A Smallwood, HS Urbauer, JL Squier, TC AF Bartlett, RK Urbauer, RJB Anbanandam, A Smallwood, HS Urbauer, JL Squier, TC TI Oxidation of Met(144) and Met(145) in calmodulin blocks calmodulin dependent activation of the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-INDEPENDENT RECOGNITION; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TERMINAL METHIONINES; OXIDIZED CALMODULIN; RESIDUES; ABILITY; PROTEIN; BINDING; CALCINEURIN AB Methionine oxidation in calmodulin (CaM) isolated from senescent brain results in an inability to fully activate the plasma membrane (PM) Ca-ATPase, which may contribute to observed increases in cytosolic calcium levels under conditions of oxidative stress and biological aging. To identify the functional importance of the oxidation of Met(144) and Met(145) near the carboxyl-terminus of CaM, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to substitute leucines for methionines at other positions in CaM, permitting the site-specific oxidation of Met(144) and Met(145). prior to their oxidation, the CaM-dependent activation of the PM-Ca-ATPase by these CaM mutants is similar to that of wild-type CaM. Likewise, oxidation of individual methionines has a minimal effect on the CaM concentration necessary for half-maximal activation of the PM-Ca-ATPase. These results are consistent with previous suggestions that no single methionine within CaM is essential for activation of the PM-Ca-ATPase. Oxidation of either Met(144) and Met(145) or all nine methionines in CaM results in an equivalent inhibition of the PM-Ca-ATPase, resulting in a 50-60% reduction in the level of enzyme activation. Oxidation of Met(144) is largely responsible for the decreased extent of enzyme activation, suggesting that this site is critical in modulating the sensitivity of CaM to oxidant-induced loss-of-function. These results are discussed in terms of a possible functional role for Met(144) and Met(145) in CaM as redox sensors that function to modulate calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism in response to conditions of oxidative stress. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Sci Biol, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-53, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM thomas.squier@pnl.govh FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12993, AG17996] NR 41 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 11 BP 3231 EP 3238 DI 10.1021/bi026956z PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 658GY UT WOS:000181714300009 PM 12641454 ER PT J AU Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Georgakilas, AG Sutherland, JC AF Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Georgakilas, AG Sutherland, JC TI Evaluation of number average length analysis in quantifying double strand breaks in genomic DNAs SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI FPG; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INDUCED SINGLE-STRAND; IONIZING-RADIATION; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CLUSTERED DAMAGES; PURINE LESIONS; HUMAN-CELLS; QUANTITATION; GLYCOSYLASE AB Double strand breaks in DNA can be quantified down to very low frequencies (a few per Gigabase pair) in nanogram quantities of nonradioactive, genomic DNA by dispersing the DNAs on electrophoretic gels, digitizing them by quantitative electronic imaging, and calculating the DNA lengths by number average length analysis. No specific distribution of damages is required for number average length analysis. To test the validity of this approach, we used DNA populations of known absolute lengths and break frequencies as experimental DNAs and calculated the number average lengths and double strand break levels. Experimental DNAs and length standards were dispersed using pulsed field electrophoretic modes (unidirectional pulsed field, contour clamped homogeneous field, or transverse alternating field) appropriate for their size range, stained with ethidium, destained, and a quantitative electronic image obtained. A dispersion curve was constructed from the migration-mobility relationships of the length standard DNAs, and the number average lengths of the experimental DNAs were calculated. The calculated DNA lengths agreed well with the actual lengths. Furthermore, the double strand break frequencies calculated through number average length analysis of DNAs dispersed by these pulsed field gel modes and digitized by quantitative electronic imaging were in excellent agreement with the actual values for populations of DNA over the size range of similar to4 kbp to similar to3 Mbp. The use of this approach in quantifying DNA damages is illustrated for double strand breaks and damage clusters (e.g., OxyPurine clusters recognized by Escherichia coli Fpg protein) induced in T7 DNA by ionizing radiation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463,50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 86897, CA 88335] NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 11 BP 3375 EP 3384 DI 10.1021/bi0205505 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 658GY UT WOS:000181714300025 PM 12641470 ER PT J AU Carpenter, EE Cestone, V Landry, G Harris, VG Kemner, KM AF Carpenter, EE Cestone, V Landry, G Harris, VG Kemner, KM TI Synthesis of amorphous lepidocrocite thin films via spin-spray ferrite plating SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carpenter, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1235 EP 1236 DI 10.1021/cm025657t PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 660CT UT WOS:000181816800004 ER PT J AU Konya, Z Puntes, VF Kiricsi, I Zhu, J Ager, JW Ko, MK Frei, H Alivisatos, P Somorjai, GA AF Konya, Z Puntes, VF Kiricsi, I Zhu, J Ager, JW Ko, MK Frei, H Alivisatos, P Somorjai, GA TI Synthetic insertion of gold nanoparticles into mesoporous silica SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CATALYSTS; OXIDATION; MCM-48; ROUTE AB Industrial catalysts often consist of transition metals supported on microporous or mesoporous high surface area oxides and are prepared by techniques such as impregnation and ion adsorption. In standard fabrication processes the metal particle size is not well-controlled. In this paper we report a new synthetic route for the production of catalyst materials with more precise control of the metal particle size. Gold nanoparticles encapsulated in mesoporous silica (MCM-41 and MCM-48) served as a model system, although the techniques described are applicable to a wide variety of metals and oxide supports. The samples were characterized by a combination of low-angle powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N(2) porosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. The results show that the MCM-41 and MCM-48 structures retain their long-range order when metal particles are added; in addition, the size of the channels increases monotonically with metal loading. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy in combination with the adsorption of thiols provides conclusive evidence that 2- and 5-nm-diameter Au nanoparticles are incorporated into the pores of the silicates and that they are accessible to reactant molecules. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, MS 3-0232,1 cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Puntes, Victor/F-8407-2013; Konya, Zoltan/C-2492-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; OI Puntes, Victor/0000-0001-8996-9499; Konya, Zoltan/0000-0002-9406-8596; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 25 TC 152 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1242 EP 1248 DI 10.1021/cm020824a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 660CT UT WOS:000181816800006 ER PT J AU Macaluso, RT Sarrao, JL Moreno, NO Pagliuso, PG Thompson, JD Fronczek, FR Hundley, MF Malinowski, A Chan, JY AF Macaluso, RT Sarrao, JL Moreno, NO Pagliuso, PG Thompson, JD Fronczek, FR Hundley, MF Malinowski, A Chan, JY TI Single-crystal growth of Ln(2)MIn(8) (Ln = La, Ce; M = Rh, Ir): Implications for the heavy-fermion ground state SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CERHIN5; CEIRIN5 AB The structures of the heavy-fermion compounds, Ce2MIn8 (M = Rh, Ir), and the nonmagnetic analogues, La2MIn8 (M = Rh, Ir), were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These materials adopt a tetragonal structure in the space group P4/mmm, Z = 1. Lattice parameters are a = 4.6670(4) Angstrom and c = 12.247(4) Angstrom for Ce2RhIn8, a = 4.6897(6) Angstrom and c = 12.1950(11) Angstrom for Ce2IrIn8, a = 4.6980(2) Angstrom and c = 12.3440(4) Angstrom for La(2)Rhln(8), and a = 4.70600(10) Angstrom and c = 12.3120(4) Angstrom for La2IrIn8. Antiferromagnetism and/or unconventional superconductivity at low temperature have been found in CeCoIn5, CeRhIn5, CeIrIn5, and Ce2RhIn8. We compare structural trends with properties of the ground states of these materials. The Ln(n)MIn(3n+2) (n = 1, 2, infinity; Ln = La, Ce; M = Rh, Ir) intergrowth homologous series presents a unique opportunity to study structure-property relationships in this new family of heavy-fermions. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chan, JY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM julia.chan@chem.lsu.edu RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Malinowski, Artur/A-2184-2015; Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Malinowski, Artur/0000-0003-3771-9353; Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1394 EP 1398 DI 10.1021/cm021063e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 660CT UT WOS:000181816800026 ER PT J AU Jordanova, VK Kistler, LM Thomsen, MF Mouikis, CG AF Jordanova, VK Kistler, LM Thomsen, MF Mouikis, CG TI Effects of plasma sheet variability on the fast initial ring current decay SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SOLAR-WIND; SIMULATION; MECHANISMS AB [ 1] We study the effects of plasma sheet variations on the fast initial ring current ( RC) decay during the March 31, 2001 storm. Previous studies have focused on the effects of enhanced plasma sheet density on RC buildup during the main phase of the storms. Using model simulations and energetic particle data from the instruments on CLUSTER and LANL, we demonstrate that the drop of plasma sheet density during the early recovery phase is important for the fast RC decay. In fact, an additional - 50 nT decrease in Dst index occurs if this drop is not taken into account. We also demonstrate that there is no preconditioning of the RC during this storm period. The second enhancement in the convection electric field is not more effective in building the RC than the first in the case of the same magnetospheric plasma inflow on the nightside. This study shows that the fast initial RC decay is controlled not only by the decreased convection electric field, dayside outflow through the magnetopause, and internal loss processes, but also by the time-varying nightside inflow of plasma from the magnetotail. All factors should be considered for accurate predictions of RC decay timescales and Dst index. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jordanova, VK (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 18 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 6 AR 1311 DI 10.1029/2002GL016576 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 677PR UT WOS:000182817200003 ER PT J AU Short, M Bdzil, JB AF Short, M Bdzil, JB TI Propagation laws for steady curved detonations with chain-branching kinetics SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DIRECT INITIATION; MULTIDIMENSIONAL DETONATION; GASEOUS DETONATIONS; SHOCK DYNAMICS; CURVATURE; WAVES; STABILITY; VELOCITY; ENERGY AB An extension to the theory of detonation shock dynamics is made and new propagation laws are derived for steady, near-CJ (Chapman-Jouguet), weakly curved detonations for a chain-branching reaction model having two components. The first is a thermally neutral induction stage governed by an Arrhenius reaction with a large activation energy, which terminates at a location called the transition interface, where instantaneous conversion of fuel into an intermediate species (chain radical) occurs. The second is an exothermic main reaction layer (or chain-recombination zone) having a temperature-independent reaction rate. We make an ansatz that the shock curvature is sufficiently large to have a leading-order influence on the induction zone structure, whereupon it is shown that multi-dimensional effects must necessarily be accounted for in the main reaction layer. Only for exactly cylindrical or spherical waves can such multi-dimensional effects be omitted. A requirement that the main reaction layer structure pass smoothly through a sonic plane leads to a propagation law for the detonation front: a relationship between the detonation velocity, the shock curvature and various shock arclength derivatives of the position of the transition interface. For exactly cylindrically or spherically expanding waves, a multi-valued detonation velocity-curvature relationship is found, similar to that found previously for a state-sensitive one-step reaction. The change in this relationship is investigated as the ratio of the length of the main reaction layer to the induction layer is changed. We also discuss the implications of chain-branching reaction kinetics for the prediction of critical detonation initiation energy based on detonation-velocity curvature laws. Finally several calculations that illustrate the important effect that arclength and transverse flow variations may have on the steady propagation of non-planar detonation fronts are presented. Such variations may be important for the propagation of cellular gaseous detonation fronts and for the axial propagation of detonations in a cylindrical stick of condensed-phase explosive. We also show that the arclength variations provide a formal mechanism for the existence of steady non-planar detonation fronts having converging sections, a possibility ruled out for simple irreversible one-step reaction mechanisms where only diverging steady waves are admissible. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Short, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 479 BP 39 EP 64 DI 10.1017/S0022112002003300 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 671NG UT WOS:000182470400002 ER PT J AU Dorelli, JC Birn, J AF Dorelli, JC Birn, J TI Whistler-mediated magnetic reconnection in large systems: Magnetic flux pileup and the formation of thin current sheets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; MHD simulation; computational plasma physics ID ELECTRON MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; COALESCENCE INSTABILITY; SUDDEN ENHANCEMENT; CHALLENGE; SIMULATIONS; PRESSURE; ISLANDS; GROWTH; MODELS AB [1] We compute numerical solutions of the resistive Hall MHD equations corresponding to pairwise magnetic island coalescence. The simulation results can be organized according to the relative sizes of three length scales: the electron dissipation length, l(e); the ion inertial length, d(i); and the island wavelength, lambda. We identify three qualitatively distinct regimes of magnetic island coalescence: (1) the resistive MHD limit, d(i) less than or similar to l(e) << lambda; (2) the "whistler-mediated'' limit, l(e) << d(i) << lambda; and (3) the "whistler-driven'' limit, l(e) << lambda less than or similar to d(i). In the resistive MHD limit, magnetic flux piles up outside thin current sheets between the islands. The upstream Alfven speed increases with increasing Lundquist number, and the reconnection rate is insensitive to the Lundquist number. In the whistler-driven limit, the electron and ion bulk flows decouple on the island wavelength scale. Magnetic flux pileup does not occur, and the coalescence proceeds on a whistler timescale that is much shorter than the Alfven time. In the whistler-mediated limit, electron and ion bulk flows decouple in spatially localized "ion inertial sheets'' around the island separatrices. Flux pileup is reduced, and the upstream Alfven speed approaches a nearly constant value as the Lundquist number is increased. The maximum reconnection rate in the whistler-mediated limit is comparable to that observed in the resitive MHD limit over the Lundquist number range 500 < S-λ < 10000. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dorelli, JC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Electrodynam Branch, Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Dorelli, John/C-9488-2012 NR 39 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A3 AR 1133 DI 10.1029/2001JA009180 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 677QW UT WOS:000182819900001 ER PT J AU Frischknecht, AL Curro, JG AF Frischknecht, AL Curro, JG TI Improved united atom force field for poly(dimethylsiloxane) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ALKANE AB We develop a new united atom force field for computer simulations of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) melts. The model is based on an explicit atom, class II potential studied previously. The effects of partial charges on the intermolecular structure are found to be stronger in the united atom model than in the explicit atom model, due to the lack of explicit hydrogen atoms. By adjusting the partial charges of the united atom force field, we obtain reasonable agreement with the results of the explicit atom model for the intermolecular structure, the pressure, and the chain dimensions in the melt. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Frischknecht, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM alfrisc@sandia.gov RI Frischknecht, Amalie/N-1020-2014 OI Frischknecht, Amalie/0000-0003-2112-2587 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 6 BP 2122 EP 2129 DI 10.1021/ma025763g PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 659YE UT WOS:000181806000051 ER PT J AU Tsige, M Curro, JG Grest, GS McCoy, JD AF Tsige, M Curro, JG Grest, GS McCoy, JD TI Molecular dynamics simulations and integral equation theory of alkane chains: Comparison of explicit and united atom models SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYMER MELTS; POLYMETHYLENE MELTS; EXCESS ELECTRONS; BULK POLYMERS; SIMPLE FLUIDS; FORCE-FIELDS; N-ALKANES; OPLS-AA; LIQUIDS AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and self-consistent polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) calculations were performed on C20H42 and C48H98 liquids using an explicit atom (EA) model. Good agreement between theory and simulation was found for the intermolecular pair correlation functions g(HH)(r)and g(CH)(r), but the PRISM theory tended to underestimate g(CC)(r). Good agreement was likewise found between theory and simulation with neutron diffraction measurements of g(HH)(r). MD and PRISM theory calculations were also performed on a united atom (UA) potential obtained from the EA potential by the UA/EA mapping procedure of McCoy and Curro [Macromolecules 1998,31, 9362]. Excellent agreement between the liquid structure and chain dimensions from the UA and EA models was found. However, the full UA potential obtained from the UA/EA mapping exhibited attractions that were somewhat too strong as evidenced by a negative pressure and high compressibility. An empirical modification of the attractive tail of this UA potential leads to a modified UA potential that reproduces the EA pressure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Curro, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI McCoy, John/B-3846-2010 OI McCoy, John/0000-0001-5404-1404 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 6 BP 2158 EP 2164 DI 10.1021/ma0212543 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 659YE UT WOS:000181806000055 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN AF Beyerlein, IJ Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN TI Modeling texture and microstructural evolution in the equal channel angular extrusion process SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE severe plastic deformation; strain path changes; visco-plasticity; grain size and shape distributions; grain-grain interactions; grain refinement ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; MECHANICAL THRESHOLD; ALUMINUM; POLYCRYSTALS; COPPER; ZIRCONIUM; STRESS; ANGLE AB In this work, we develop a modeling framework for predicting the visco-plastic deformation, microstructural evolution (distributions of grain shape and size) and texture evolution in polycrystalline materials during the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process, a discontinuous process of severe shear straining. The foundation of this framework is a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) scheme. We consider a 90degrees die angle and simulate ECAE up to four passes for four processing routes, (A, C, B(A) and B(C), as denoted in the literature) for an FCC polycrystalline material. We assume that the FCC single crystal has a constant critical resolved shear stress (CRSS), so that hardening by dislocation activity is suppressed, and the influence of grain shape distribution and texture as well as their interaction can be isolated. Many deformation microstructural features, such as grain size and shape distribution, texture, and geometric hardening-softening, were highly dependent on processing route. Using a grain subdivision criterion based on grain shape, route A was the most effective, then route B(A) and route B(C) and lastly route C, the least effective for grain size refinement, in agreement with redundant strain theory. For producing refined equiaxed grains, route B(C) was more effective than routes B(A) and A. We show that grain-grain interactions tend to weaken texture evolution and consequently geometric hardening and softening in all routes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM irene@lanl.gov RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; NR 34 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 345 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 138 AR PII S0921-5093(02)00457-4 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00457-4 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 637WQ UT WOS:000180537100017 ER PT J AU Chong, RKK Yeadon, M Choi, WK Stach, EA Boothroyd, CB AF Chong, RKK Yeadon, M Choi, WK Stach, EA Boothroyd, CB TI Nitride-mediated epitaxy of CoSi2 on Si(001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STACK GATE DIELECTRICS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL COSI2; GROWTH; SILICON; SI(100); TRANSITION; NUCLEATION; SILICIDES; TISI2 AB Epitaxial layers of CoSi2 have been grown on Si(100) by the technique of nitride-mediated epitaxy. An ultrathin layer of silicon nitride was formed on the Si(001) surface by exposure to ammonia gas at 900 degreesC, followed by the deposition of a layer of Co similar to20 A in thickness at room temperature. The sample was then annealed at 600 degreesC and the microstructure monitored by in situ transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. The formation of epitaxial islands of CoSi2 was observed directly, with no evidence of the formation of intermediate phases. The CoSi2 islands were found to be elongated along the in-plane Si<110> directions, consistent with reports of the deposition of Co by molecular beam epitaxy on clean Si(100) at low deposition rates and elevated temperature. This technique of silicidation may be of particular interest in the fabrication of advanced devices incorporating multilayer oxide/nitride gate stacks. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore 117602, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci, Singapore 119260, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 119260, Singapore. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Yeadon, M (reprint author), Inst Mat Res & Engn, 3 Res Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1833 EP 1835 DI 10.1063/1.1555708 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657KX UT WOS:000181666500009 ER PT J AU Donnelly, SE Birtcher, RC Vishnyakov, VM Carter, G AF Donnelly, SE Birtcher, RC Vishnyakov, VM Carter, G TI Annealing of isolated amorphous zones in silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ION IRRADIATION; SI; DAMAGE; GROWTH AB In situ transmission electron microscopy has been used to observe the production and annealing of individual amorphous zones in silicon resulting from impacts of 200-keV Xe ions at room temperature. As has been observed previously, the total amorphous volume fraction decreases over a temperature range from room temperature to approximately 500 degreesC. When individual amorphous zones were monitored, however, there appeared to be no correlation of the annealing temperature with initial size: zones with similar starting sizes disappeared (crystallized) at temperatures anywhere from 70 degreesC to more than 400 degreesC. Frame-by-frame analysis of video recordings revealed that the recovery of individual zones is a two-step process that occurred in a stepwise manner with changes taking place over seconds, separated by longer periods of stability. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Salford, Inst Mat Res, Joule Phys Lab, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Donnelly, SE (reprint author), Univ Salford, Inst Mat Res, Joule Phys Lab, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. OI Donnelly, Stephen/0000-0002-9749-5550; Vishnyakov, Vladimir/0000-0003-3045-3134 NR 17 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1860 EP 1862 DI 10.1063/1.1562336 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657KX UT WOS:000181666500018 ER PT J AU Pan, ZW Dai, S Beach, DB Evans, ND Lowndes, DH AF Pan, ZW Dai, S Beach, DB Evans, ND Lowndes, DH TI Gallium-mediated growth of multiwall carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRES; ARRAYS; SCALE; LONG AB Liquid gallium was used as a viable and effective solvent and template for high-yield growth of multiwall carbon nanotubes. The gallium-mediated nanotubes thus obtained differ morphologically from nanotubes obtained by using transition metals as catalysts. The nanotubes have a pin-like morphology, generally composed of an oval-shaped tip filled with liquid gallium and a tapered hollow body. The inner diameter of the tube is so large that the inner/outer diameter ratio is usually larger than 0.9. The tubes are naturally opened at both ends. These gallium-filled nanotubes may be used as a nanothermometer in the temperature range of 30 to 550 degreesC. This study opens an interesting route for carbon nanotube synthesis. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Pan, Zhengwei/0000-0002-3854-958X NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1947 EP 1949 DI 10.1063/1.1563727 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657KX UT WOS:000181666500047 ER PT J AU Kaskel, S Dong, ZC Klem, MT Corbett, JD AF Kaskel, S Dong, ZC Klem, MT Corbett, JD TI Synthesis and structure of the metallic K6Tl17: A layered tetrahedral star structure related to that of Cr3Si SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE; CLUSTERS AB The title compound, the TI-richest in the K-TI system, has been synthesized in Ta containers via direct reaction of the elements at 400 degreesC followed by quenching to room temperature and subsequent annealing at 150 degreesC for 4 weeks. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cccm (No. 66) with a = 16.625(l) Angstrom, b = 23.594(2) Angstrom, c 15.369(2) Angstrom (22 degreesC), and Z = 8. Two different TI12 units consisting of augmented tetrahedral stars are condensed into layers of such tetrahedra, and further TI2 dumbbells and the potassium cations also interconnect the stars and layers into a three-dimensional network. The former anionic TI8 subunits clearly resemble those in the heteroatomic 3-D structure of cubic Cr3Si before their augmentation with bridging atoms. The compound is metallic (rho(270) = 22.6 muOmega(.)cm, alpha = 0.0023 K-1) and shows Pauli-like paramagnetic susceptibility (chi(296) = 1.1 X 10(-4) emu/mol). EHTB calculations illustrate the importance of TI p-orbital bonding, the positive TI-TI overlap populations up to E-F, and greater strengths of the TI-TI bonding between and about the surface of the augmented TI12 units. Cations between the thallium layers play specific and important roles in the structure. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jdc@ameslab.gov RI Kaskel, Stefan/B-4200-2010; OI Kaskel, Stefan/0000-0003-4572-0303 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 24 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1835 EP 1841 DI 10.1021/ic020667h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 657PX UT WOS:000181676500008 PM 12639115 ER PT J AU Horner, DA Connick, RE AF Horner, DA Connick, RE TI Kinetics of oxygen exchange between the two isomers of bisulfite ion, disulfite ion (S2O52-), and water as studied by oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LATTICE RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS; AQUEOUS SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SULFITE ION; THERMODYNAMICS; REDUCTION AB The nuclear magnetic transverse relaxation time of oxygen-17 in aqueous sodium bisulfite solutions in the pH range from 2.5 to 5 was measured over a range of temperatures, pH, and S(IV) concentrations at an ionic strength of 1.0 m. From these data the rate law for oxygen exchange between bisulfite ion and water was determined and found to be consistent with oxygen exchange occurring via the reactions SHO3- + H+ reversible arrow(k16a) SO2 + H2O, SO3H- + SHO3- reversible arrow(k16a) SO32- + SO2 + H2O, and SO3H- + SHO3- reversible arrow(k16a) S2O52- + H2O, where the symbol SHO3- refers to both isomeric forms of bisulfite ion, one in which the hydrogen is bonded to the sulfur (denoted HSO3-) and another in which the hydrogen is bonded to an oxygen atom (denoted SO3H-). The SO3H- isomer exchanges oxygen atoms with water much more rapidly than does the HSO3- isomer. The value of k(-1) was determined and is in essential agreement with the results of a previous determination by relaxation measurements. The value of k(16a) + k(16b) was also found, and k(16b) is at least as large as k(16a). The rate and mechanism of oxygen exchange between the two bisulfite ion environments were studied by analyzing the broadening of the HSO3- resonance. Oxygen exchange occurs through isomerization caused by proton transfers. C1 N Cent Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Horner, DA (reprint author), N Cent Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, 30 N Brainard St, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. EM dah@noctrl.edu; connick@uclink4.berkeley.edu NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 24 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1884 EP 1894 DI 10.1021/ic020692n PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 657PX UT WOS:000181676500014 PM 12639121 ER PT J AU Pivonka, NL Kaposta, C Brummer, M von Helden, G Meijer, G Woste, L Neumark, DM Asmis, KR AF Pivonka, NL Kaposta, C Brummer, M von Helden, G Meijer, G Woste, L Neumark, DM Asmis, KR TI Probing a strong hydrogen bond with infrared spectroscopy: Vibrational predissociation of BrHBr-center dot Ar SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-STATE; AB-INITIO; SPECTRA; IONS; CLUSTERS; BARRIER; ANIONS; CL AB The gas phase vibrational spectroscopy of BrHBr-, a prototypical strongly hydrogen-bonded species, has been studied between 6 and 17 mum (590 and 1670 cm(-1)) by infrared vibrational predissociation of the BrHBr-.Ar ion. Infrared excitation was accomplished using the output of the free electron laser for infrared experiments (FELIX). Predissociation spectra were recorded by monitoring depletion of mass-selected BrHBr-.Ar ions as a function of excitation wavelength. Four prominent absorption bands are observed at 733, 890, 1048, and 1201 cm(-1). They are assigned to the fundamental of the hydrogenic stretching mode nu(3) and a sequence of nu(3)+nnu(1) combinations (n=1-3). Additional features to the blue of these bands spaced by similar to21 cm(-1) are attributed to combination bands involving motion of the Ar messenger atom. Differences in the relative intensities of the nu(3)+nnu(1) combinations bands in comparison to previous matrix experiments are rationalized on the basis of the underlying dissociation dynamics. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. FOM, Inst Plasmaphys Rijnhuizen, NL-3439 MN Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, Dept Mol & Laser Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Max Planck Soc, Dept Mol Phys, Fritz Haber Inst, Berlin, Germany. RP Pivonka, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Meijer, Gerard/D-2141-2009; Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Asmis, Knut/N-5408-2014; von Helden, Gert/H-9357-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Asmis, Knut/0000-0001-6297-5856; von Helden, Gert/0000-0001-7611-8740 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 12 BP 5275 EP 5278 DI 10.1063/1.1559478 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 653NE UT WOS:000181442100001 ER PT J AU Zheng, J Balasundaram, R Gehrke, SH Heffelfinger, GS Goddard, WA Jiang, SY AF Zheng, J Balasundaram, R Gehrke, SH Heffelfinger, GS Goddard, WA Jiang, SY TI Cell multipole method for molecular simulations in bulk and confined systems SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; EWALD SUMMATION; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COULOMB INTERACTIONS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PARALLEL COMPUTERS; PERIODIC-SYSTEMS; SURFACES; LATTICES; PROGRAM AB One of the bottlenecks in molecular simulations is to treat large systems involving electrostatic interactions. Computational time in conventional molecular simulation methods scales with O(N-2), where N is the number of atoms. With the emergence of new simulations methodologies, such as the cell multipole method (CMM), and massively parallel supercomputers, simulations of 10-million atoms or more have been performed. In this work, the optimal hierarchical cell level and the algorithm for Taylor expansion were recommended for fast and efficient molecular dynamics simulations of three-dimensional (3D) systems. CMM was then extended to treat quasi-two-dimensional (2D) systems, which is very important for condensed matter physics problems. In addition, CMM was applied to grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations for both 3D and 2D systems. Under the optimal conditions, our results show that computational time is approximately linear with N for large systems, average error in total potential energy is about 0.05% for 3D and 0.32% for 2D systems, and the RMS force error is 0.27% for 3D and 0.43% for 2D systems when compared with the Ewald summation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol & Mat Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jiang, SY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Gehrke, Stevin/A-5265-2014; Zheng, Jie/B-5057-2013 OI Zheng, Jie/0000-0003-1547-3612 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 12 BP 5347 EP 5355 DI 10.1063/1.1553979 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 653NE UT WOS:000181442100009 ER PT J AU Georgievskii, Y Klippenstein, SJ AF Georgievskii, Y Klippenstein, SJ TI Variable reaction coordinate transition state theory: Analytic results and application to the C2H3+H -> C2H4 reaction SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATIONS AB A novel derivation is provided for the canonical, microcanonical, and energy E and total angular momentum J resolved reactive flux within the variable reaction coordinate transition state theory (VRC-TST) formalism. The use of an alternative representation for the reaction coordinate velocity yields a new expression for the kinematic factor which better illustrates its dependence on the pivot point location, and which can be straightforwardly evaluated. Also, the use of a geometric approach in place of an earlier algebraic one clarifies the derivation as does the use of Lagrange multiplier methodology for the analytic integration over the total angular momentum. Finally, a quaternion representation for the fragment and line-of-centers orientations is employed in place of the Euler angle or internal/external rotational coordinates used in prior studies. The result is an efficient, and particularly easy to implement, methodology for performing variable reaction coordinate transition state theory calculations. Furthermore, the simplicity of the derivation allows for the straightforward generalization to alternative forms for the dividing surface, as is illustrated by deriving the expressions for the cases of elliptical and planar dividing surfaces. Application to the C2H3+H reaction yields results for the total rate coefficient that are generally only 15% greater than those obtained from related trajectory simulations, thereby demonstrating the accuracy of the VRC-TST formalism. Meanwhile, results for the two separate addition channels (frontside and backside) illustrate the difficulty of accurately apportioning the total flux and particularly the inadequacy of canonical predictions for the channel specific optimized dividing surfaces. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Georgievskii, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 20 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 12 BP 5442 EP 5455 DI 10.1063/1.1539035 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 653NE UT WOS:000181442100021 ER PT J AU Colavecchia, FD Burke, JP Stevens, WJ Salazar, MR Parker, GA T Pack, R AF Colavecchia, FD Burke, JP Stevens, WJ Salazar, MR Parker, GA T Pack, R TI The potential energy surface for spin-aligned Li-3(1 (4)A(')) and the potential energy curve for spin-aligned Li-2(a (3)Sigma(+)(u)) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; SCATTERED DATA; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GENERAL METHODOLOGY; VIBRATIONAL LEVELS; LI-7(2) AB A global potential energy surface (PES) for the 1 (4)A' spin-aligned state of Li-3 is presented. The surface is constructed as a many body expansion of the potential which is the sum of pairwise additive two-body potentials plus a three-body term. The two-body potential is that for the a (3)Sigma(u)(+) state of the lithium dimer. It combines the most recent Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential available [A. Ross (private communication)] with well-known short and long range expansions and accurately reproduces all known experimental data. To obtain the three-body contributions, an ab initio PES was computed at 1122 points using full configuration interaction for the three valence electrons with an augmented Gaussian basis and the effective core potentials of Stevens, Basch, and Krauss [W. J. Stevens , J. Chem. Phys. 81, 6026 (1984)] for the other electrons. The two-body interactions are also calculated using the same basis and then subtracted from the full interaction to give the three-body term. To construct the three-body potential at arbitrary configurations we use interpolation for small perimeters of the triangle formed by the triatomic system and an analytic fitting function for large perimeters. A switching function guarantees the smoothness of the potential function everywhere. The equilibrium position occurs at D-3h symmetry with a bond distance of 5.861a(0), nearly 2a(0) smaller than the equilibrium value of 7.886a(0) of the lithium dimer. The well depth at the equilibrium is 4112.64 cm(-1). This is considerably deeper than the well depth of 1001.22 cm(-1) for the pairwise additive potential at its equilibrium. Three-body effects are even more important for Li-3 than in the recently reported Na-3 case [J. Higgins , J. Chem. Phys. 112, 5751 (2000)], and the nonadditive three-body term cannot be neglected in any calculation on this system. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Union Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, TN 38305 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Colavecchia, FD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T12,MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Parker, Gregory/A-4327-2009 OI Parker, Gregory/0000-0002-0225-8887 NR 57 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 12 BP 5484 EP 5495 DI 10.1063/1.1555124 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 653NE UT WOS:000181442100025 ER PT J AU Siino, JS Yau, PM Imai, BS Gatewood, JM Bradbury, EM AF Siino, JS Yau, PM Imai, BS Gatewood, JM Bradbury, EM TI Effect of DNA length and H4 acetylation on the thermal stability of reconstituted nucleosome particles SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nucleosome; acetylation; thermal denaturation ID LINKING NUMBER CHANGE; CORE PARTICLE; HISTONE ACETYLATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHROMATIN; DENATURATION; CONFORMATION; MODULATION AB To examine the factors involved with nucleosome stability, we reconstituted nonacetylated particles containing various lengths (192, 162, and 152 base pairs) of DNA onto the Lytechinus variegatus nucleosome positioning sequence in the absence of linker histone. We characterized the particles and examined their thermal stability. DNA of less than chromatosome length (168 base pairs) produces particles with altered denaturation profiles, possibly caused by histone rearrangement in those core-like particles. We also examined the effects of tetra-acetylation of histone H4 on the thermal stability of reconstituted nucleosome particles. Tetra-acetylation of H4 reduces the nucleosome thermal stability by 0.8degreesC as compared with nonacetylated particles. This difference is close to values published comparing bulk nonacetylated nucleosomes and core particles to ones enriched for core histone acetylation, suggesting that H4 acetylation has a dominant effect on nucleosome particle energetics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SeiraD Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Prot Resource Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Struct Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Siino, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 4 BP 885 EP 891 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00277-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 661FV UT WOS:000181881300040 PM 12646255 ER PT J AU Hantschel, O Nagar, B Guettler, S Kretzschmar, J Dorey, K Kuriyan, J Superti-Furga, G AF Hantschel, O Nagar, B Guettler, S Kretzschmar, J Dorey, K Kuriyan, J Superti-Furga, G TI A myristoyl/phosphotyrosine switch regulates c-Abl SO CELL LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; SRC-FAMILY; SH3 DOMAINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PROTEIN-KINASES; F-ACTIN; B-CELL; PHOSPHORYLATION; HCK AB The c-Abl tyrosine kinase is inhibited by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Disruption of these mechanisms in the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein leads to several forms of human leukemia. We found that like Src kinases, c-Abl 1b is activated by phosphotyrosine ligands. Ligand-activated c-Abl is particularly sensitive to the anti-cancer drug STI-571/Gleevec/imatinib (STI-571). The SH2 domain-phosphorylated tail interaction in Src kinases is functionally replaced in c-Abl by an intramolecular engagement of the N-terminal myristoyl modification with the kinase domain. Functional studies coupled with structural analysis define a myristoyl/phosphotyrosine switch in c-Abl that regulates docking and accessibility of the SH2 domain. This mechanism offers an explanation for the observed cellular activation of c-Abl by tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, the intracellular mobility of c-Abl, and it provides new insights into the mechanism of action of STI-571. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cellzome AG, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. European Mol Biol Lab, Dev Biol Programme, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Superti-Furga, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@uclink.berkeley.edu; superti@embl-heidelberg.de RI Nagar, Bhushan/C-1297-2010; Hantschel, Oliver/H-4705-2013; Superti-Furga, Giulio/F-4755-2015 OI Hantschel, Oliver/0000-0001-8569-8169; Superti-Furga, Giulio/0000-0002-0570-1768 NR 63 TC 241 Z9 245 U1 0 U2 17 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 6 BP 845 EP 857 DI 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00191-0 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 660DL UT WOS:000181818500011 PM 12654250 ER PT J AU Nagar, B Hantschel, O Young, MA Scheffzek, K Veach, D Bornmann, V Clarkson, B Superti-Furga, G Kuriyan, J AF Nagar, B Hantschel, O Young, MA Scheffzek, K Veach, D Bornmann, V Clarkson, B Superti-Furga, G Kuriyan, J TI Structural basis for the autoinhibition of c-Abl tyrosine kinase SO CELL LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SRC FAMILY; BCR-ABL; CELLULAR FUNCTIONS; DIFFRACTION DATA; DOMAIN; INHIBITORS; MECHANISM; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION AB c-Abl is normally regulated by an autoinhibitory mechanism, the disruption of which leads to chronic myelogenous leukemia. The details of this mechanism have been elusive because c-Abl lacks a phosphotyrosine residue that triggers the assembly of the autoinhibited form of the closely related Src kinases by internally engaging the SH2 domain. Crystal structures of c-Abl show that the N-terminal myristoyl modification of c-Abl 1b binds to the kinase domain and induces conformational changes that allow the SH2 and SH3 domains to dock onto it. Autoinhibited c-Abl forms an assembly that is strikingly similar to that of inactive Src kinases but with specific differences that explain the differential ability of the drug STI-571/Gleevec/imatinib (STI-571) to inhibit the catalytic activity of Abl, but not that of c-Src. C1 European Mol Biol Lab, Dev Biol Programme, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Cellzome AG, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), European Mol Biol Lab, Dev Biol Programme, Meyerhofstr 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM superti@embl-heidelberg.de; kudyan@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Nagar, Bhushan/C-1297-2010; Young, Matthew/D-2033-2011; Hantschel, Oliver/H-4705-2013; Superti-Furga, Giulio/F-4755-2015 OI Young, Matthew/0000-0003-2921-3432; Hantschel, Oliver/0000-0001-8569-8169; Superti-Furga, Giulio/0000-0002-0570-1768 FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA064593, P30 CA008748] NR 38 TC 494 Z9 507 U1 2 U2 36 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 6 BP 859 EP 871 DI 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00194-6 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 660DL UT WOS:000181818500012 PM 12654251 ER PT J AU Bose, A Carey, GF de Almeida, VF AF Bose, A Carey, GF de Almeida, VF TI A class of parallel multiple-front algorithms on subdomains SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE solvers; parallel; multi-front; sub-domains ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; SHARED-MEMORY; VERSION; PRECONDITIONERS; IMPLEMENTATION; SOLVER AB A class of parallel multiple-front solution algorithms is developed for solving linear systems arising from discretization of boundary value problems and evolution problems. The basic substructuring approach and frontal algorithm on each subdomain are first modified to ensure stable factorization in situations where ill-conditioning may occur due to differing material properties or the use of high degree finite elements (p methods). Next, the method is implemented on distributed-memory multiprocessor systems with the final reduced (small) Schur complement problem solved on a single processor. A novel algorithm that implements a recursive partitioning approach on the subdomain interfaces is then developed. Both algorithms are implemented and compared in a least-squares finite-element scheme for viscous incompressible flow computation using h- and p-finite element schemes. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Texas, TICAM, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Michigan, EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carey, GF (reprint author), Univ Texas, TICAM, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM carey@cfdlab.ae.utexas.edu RI de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016 OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1569 EP 1592 DI 10.1002/nme.627 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 657QA UT WOS:000181676800003 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Randolph, TW Manning, MC Stevens, FJ Carpenter, JF AF Kim, YS Randolph, TW Manning, MC Stevens, FJ Carpenter, JF TI Congo red populates partially unfolded states of an amyloidogenic protein to enhance aggregation and amyloid fibril formation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT-CHAINS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MOLECULAR-BASIS; BINDING; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; DYE; POLYMERIZATION; CONFORMATIONS; STABILIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB Congo red (CR) has been reported to inhibit or enhance amyloid fibril formation by several proteins. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) for these apparently paradoxical effects, we studied as a model amyloidogenic protein, a dimeric immunoglobulin light chain variable domain. With a range of molar ratios of CR, i.e. r = [CR]/[protein dimer], we investigated the aggregation kinetics, conformation, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, and thermal stability of the protein. In addition, we used isothermal titration calorimetry to characterize the thermodynamics of CR binding to the protein. During incubation at 37 degreesC or during thermal scanning, with CR at r = 0.3, 1.3, and 4.8, protein aggregation was greatly accelerated compared with that measured in the absence of the dye. In contrast, with CR at r = 8.8, protein unfolding was favored over aggregation. The aggregates formed with CR at r = 0 or 0.3 were typical amyloid fibrils, but mixtures of amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates were formed at r = 1.3 and 4.8. CR decreased the apparent thermal unfolding temperature of the protein. Furthermore, CR perturbed the tertiary structure of the protein without significantly altering its secondary structure. Consistent with this result, CR also increased the rate of hydrogen-deuterium. exchange by the protein. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that CR binding to the protein was enthalpically driven, indicating that binding was mainly the result of electrostatic interactions. Overall, these results demonstrate that at low concentrations, CR binding to the protein favors a structurally perturbed, aggregation-competent species, resulting in acceleration of fibril formation. At high CR concentration, protein unfolding is favored over aggregation, and fibril formation is inhibited. Because low concentrations of CR can promote amyloid fibril formation, the therapeutic utility of this compound or its analogs to inhibit amyloidoses is questionable. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol,Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carpenter, JF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol,Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM John.Carpenter@uchsc.edu RI randolph, theodore/A-3301-2013; OI Kim, Yong-Sung/0000-0003-2673-1509 NR 59 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 12 BP 10842 EP 10850 DI 10.1074/jbc.M212540200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 659LE UT WOS:000181777500110 PM 12529361 ER PT J AU Sinha, P Hobbs, PV Yokelson, RJ Bertschi, IT Blake, DR Simpson, IJ Gao, S Kirchstetter, TW Novakov, T AF Sinha, P Hobbs, PV Yokelson, RJ Bertschi, IT Blake, DR Simpson, IJ Gao, S Kirchstetter, TW Novakov, T TI Emissions of trace gases and particles from savanna fires in southern Africa SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE trace gas emissions; biomass fires; smoke; savanna fires; emissions from fires; particle emissions ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LABORATORY BIOMASS FIRES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIRBORNE; CARBON; CHEMISTRY; FILTERS; RANGE AB [1] Airborne measurements made on initial smoke from 10 savanna fires in southern Africa provide quantitative data on emissions of 50 gaseous and particulate species, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, ammonia, dimethyl sulfide, nonmethane organic compounds, halocarbons, gaseous organic acids, aerosol ionic components, carbonaceous aerosols, and condensation nuclei (CN). Measurements of several of the gaseous species by gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are compared. Emission ratios and emission factors are given for eight species that have not been reported previously for biomass burning of savanna in southern Africa (namely, dimethyl sulfide, methyl nitrate, five hydrocarbons, and particles with diameters from 0.1 to 3 mm). The emission factor that we measured for ammonia is lower by a factor of 4, and the emission factors for formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, and CN are greater by factors of about 3, 20, and 3-15, respectively, than previously reported values. The new emission factors are used to estimate annual emissions of these species from savanna fires in Africa and worldwide. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM psinha@atmos.washington.edu; phobbs@atmos.washington.edu; byok@selway.umt.edu; isaacpb@u.washington.edu; dblake@orion.oac.uci.edu; isimpson@uci.edu; sgao@u.washington.edu; twkirchstetter@lbl.gov; tnovakov@lbl.gov RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 NR 65 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 8487 DI 10.1029/2002JD002325 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 667GW UT WOS:000182223800001 ER PT J AU Rozhkov, VV Shevelev, SA Chervin, I Mitchell, AR Schmidt, RD AF Rozhkov, VV Shevelev, SA Chervin, I Mitchell, AR Schmidt, RD TI Direct Amination of 1-substituted 3,5-dinitrobenzenes by 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium iodide SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VICARIOUS NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; 3,5-DINITROPHENYL ARYL ETHERS; NITRO-GROUPS; POLYFLUORINATED ALCOHOLS; 1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE; HYDROGEN; NITROARENES; SULFENAMIDES; REPLACEMENT; ANALOGS AB The amination of 1-X-3,5-dinitrobenzenes via the vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (VNS) with 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium iodide (TMHI) in the presence of t-BuOK or NaOMe in DMSO was studied. It was observed (when X = OMe, OCH2CF3, OCH2CF2CF2H, OPh) that the amination occurs regioselectively (ratio of ortho/pares-isomers is similar to9:1) and with high yield. For X = SPh or SCH2Ph, the reaction proceeded with a low yield (less than 20%), with a ratio of ortho/pares-isomers approximate to 1:1. For X = PhSO2 and 2 equiv of TMHI, a double amination occurs and 2,4-diamino-3,5dinitro-1-phenylsulfonylbenzene predominates in the mixture of isomers. Under the same conditions, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene undergoes a double amination to yield 2,4diamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. A proposed mechanism for this reaction is discussed. C1 Russian Acad Sci, ND Zelinskii Organ Chem Inst, Moscow 117913, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, NN Semenov Chem Phys Inst, Moscow 117977, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shevelev, SA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, ND Zelinskii Organ Chem Inst, Leninski Prosp 47, Moscow 117913, Russia. EM shevelev@cacr.ioc.ac.ru NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2498 EP 2501 DI 10.1021/jo005774c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 656YU UT WOS:000181639300063 PM 12636426 ER PT J AU Merkel, P AF Merkel, P TI The CDF silicon detector upgrade and performance SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors CY SEP 23-28, 2001 CL BRUNNEN, SWITZERLAND DE silicon; detector; CDF; construction; commissioning AB The CDF silicon tracking and vertexing system for Run2a of the Tevatron consists of eight layers, arranged in cylinders, spanning radii from 1.35 to 28 cm, and lengths from 90 cm to nearly 2 m for a total of 6 m(2) of silicon and 722.000 readout channels. This article will cover the last phase of detector assembly as well as the internal alignment of the subdetectors. The installation of the silicon into the main CDF detector, its commissioning and data taking will be discussed. First results will show signal to noise and charge collection of the ladders as well as the global alignment of the CDF drift chamber and the silicon detector with respect to each other and to the beam. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Merkel, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 318, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 501 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)02003-X PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676LH UT WOS:000182753200002 ER EF