FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Toohey, RE AF Toohey, RE TI Internal dose assessment in radiation accidents SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL ID AMERICIUM; MODEL AB Although numerous models have been developed for occupational and medical internal dosimetry, they may not be applicable to an accident situation. Published dose coefficients relate effective dose to intake, but if acute deterministic effects are possible, effective dose is not a useful parameter. Consequently. dose rates to the organs of interest need to be computed from first principles. Standard bioassay methods may be used to assess body contents, but, again. the standard models for bioassay interpretation may not be applicable because of the circumstances of the accident and the prompt initiation of decorporation therapy. Examples of modifications to the standard methodologies include adjustment of biological half-time,, under therapy, such as in the Goiania accident, and the same effect, complicated by continued input from contaminated Wounds. in the Hanford Am-241 accident. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Toohey, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 117,MS 23, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200063 PM 14526980 ER PT J AU Miller, G Little, T Guilmette, R AF Miller, G Little, T Guilmette, R TI The application of Bayesian techniques in the interpretation of bioassay data SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL ID INTERNAL DOSIMETRY AB The inverse problem of internal dosimetry is naturally posed as a problem of Bayesian inference. The Bayesian approach is of practical importance in three areas: (I) avoiding false positives in the detection of rare events, (2) the calculation of uncertainties, and (3) the calculation of multiple intakes. all of which are important for internal dosimetry. In this paper, the Bayesian approach to the interpretation of measurements is first reviewed using a simple conceptual example. Then, a simple Pu-239 case using IMBA expert is discussed, and finally a current cutting-edge example is discussed involving real Pu-238 data calculated with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm and with exact calculation of poisson likelihood functions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200064 PM 14526981 ER PT J AU Strom, DJ AF Strom, DJ TI Eliminating bias in routine bioassay when there is an unknown time of intake SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL AB Routine bioassay programmes sometimes find evidence of an Unsuspected intake. If there were no workplace indicators of exposure or intake, it is necessary to assume a value for the time of intake. Under these circumstances, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) continues to recommend using the midpoint of the interval between routine bioassay measurements (ICRP Publication 78, paragraph 106). The assumption of T/2 as the time of intake, where T is the interval between bioassay measurements, represents the expectation value of the time of intake, assuming uniform probability of an intake at any given time. This assumption results in a modest bias. of the expectation value of the intake, , that would have been received by a population of workers who had uniform probability over time of intake. This underestimation leads to a negative or positive bias in dose estimates derived in this fashion. The bias is characterised for realistic, routine Urinalysis programs for Pu, U and H-3. as well as for in vivo measurements of I-125, I-131 and Cs-137. Simple numerical methods are presented for correcting the bias. The bias is greatest for radionuclides whose half-lives are short with respect to the interval between bioassay measurements. Since the primary concern is estimating intake rather than time, the assumed time of intake should be chosen as t() rather than T/2. The ICRP should consider revising some of the tables in its Publication 78 to reflect this. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strom, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 339 EP 340 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200065 PM 14526982 ER PT J AU Carbaugh, EH AF Carbaugh, EH TI Minimum detectable dose as a measure of bioassay programme capability SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL AB This paper Suggests that minimum detectable dose (MDD) be used to describe the capability of bioassay programmes for which intakes are expected to be rare. This allows expression of the capability in units that correspond directly to primary dose limits. The concept uses the well established analytical statistic minimum detectable amount (MDA) as the starting point, and assumes MDA detection at a prescribed time post-intake. The resulting dose can then be used as an indication of the adequacy or capability of the programme for demonstrating compliance with the performance criteria. MDDs can be readily tabulated or plotted to demonstrate the effectiveness of different types of monitoring programmes. The inclusion of cost factors for bioassay measurements can allow optimisation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Carbaugh, EH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 391 EP 394 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200077 PM 14526994 ER PT J AU Little, TT Miller, G Guilmette, RA AF Little, TT Miller, G Guilmette, RA TI Internal dosimetry of uranium isotopes using Bayesian inference methods SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL AB A group of personnel at Los Alamos National Laboratory is routinely monitored for the presence Of uranium isotopes by urine bioassay. Samples are analysed by alpha spectroscopy, and the results are examined for evidence of an intake of uranium. Because the measurement uncertainties are often comparable to the quantities of material we wish to detect. statistical considerations are crucial for the proper interpretation of the data. The problem is further complicated by the significant. but highly non-uniform, presence of uranium in local drinking water and, in some cases. food supply. Software originally developed for internal dosimetry of plutonium has been adapted to the problem Of uranium dosimetry. The software uses an unfolding algorithm to calculate an approximate Bayesian solution to the problem of characterising any intakes which may have occurred. given the history of urine bioassay results for each individual in the monitored population. The program uses biokinetic models from ICRP Publications 68 and later. and a prior probability distribution derived empirically front the body of uranium bioassay data collected at Los Alamos over the operating history of the laboratory. For each individual, the software creates a posterior probability distribution of intake quantity and solubility type as a function of time. Front this distribution. estimates are made of the cumulative committed dose (CEDE) to each individual. Results of the method are compared with those obtained using, an earlier classical (non-Bayesian) algorithm for uranium dosimetry. We also discuss the problem of distinguishing occupational intakes front intake of environmental uranium, within a Bayesian framework. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Little, TT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 413 EP 416 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200082 PM 14526999 ER PT J AU Melo, DR Cunha, PG Torres, MMC Lourenco, MC AF Melo, DR Cunha, PG Torres, MMC Lourenco, MC TI Requirements for authorisation of internal dosimetry services SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL AB In order to ensure that a facility is in compliance with the occupational exposure requirements established by regulatory authorities, the measurements and dose assessments specified in the individual monitoring programme need to be reliable. There are two important questions that shall be addressed here: one is how the licensed facilities can demonstrate to their workers and regulatory bodies compliance with the regulatory limits and the reliability of the results of the individual monitoring programmes; the other concerns the mechanisms used to demonstrate to a facility in another country the reliability of the measurement results of an individual monitoring bioassay programme. The accreditation of the bioassay laboratory, according to ISO/IEC 17025, shall be the basic requirement for obtaining the authorisation granted by the national regulatory authority. For the second question, such confidence can be achieved through International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC). C1 Inst Radioprotecao & Dosimetria, BR-22780160 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Melo, DR (reprint author), Inst Radioprotecao & Dosimetria, Av Salvador Allende S-N,Recreio Bandeirantes, BR-22780160 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200087 PM 14527004 ER PT J AU Durbin, PW Kullgren, B Xu, J Raymond, KN Henge-Napoli, MH Bailly, T Burgada, R AF Durbin, PW Kullgren, B Xu, J Raymond, KN Henge-Napoli, MH Bailly, T Burgada, R TI Octadentate hydroxypyridinonate (HOPO) ligands for plutonium (IV): Pharmacokinetics and oral efficacy SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL ID IN-VIVO CHELATION; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; INITIAL EVALUATION; DECORPORATION; ACTINIDES; 4-CARBAMOYL-3-HYDROXY-1-METHYL-2(1H)-PYRIDINONE; AMERICIUM; TOXICITY; 1,2-HOPO; THORIUM AB Linear octadentate spermine based 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and the mixed ligand, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-Me-3.2-HOPO), are the most effective agents for decorporation of Pu prepared so far; they are effective at low dosage, orally active, and of low toxicity at effective injected dosage. Their pharmacological properties are favourable for in vivo Pu chelation - penetration of extracellular water, useful residence in the circulation, substantial hepato-biliary excretion, low but useful GI absorption, and transitory residence in the kidneys. Reductions of body Pu were significant, compared with controls, when oral administration to normally fed mice (30 or 100 mumol kg(-1)) was delayed as long as 24 h after iv Pu injection. The HOPO ligands (10-100 mumol kg(-1)) or CaNa3- DTPA (100 or 300 mumol kg(-1)) were given orally to normally fed mice starting at 4 It after an iv Pu injection and continued 5 d per week for 3 weeks. 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) (100 mumol kg(-1)) reduced Pu in skeleton, liver, and body, to 44 +/- 9, 18 +/- 8, and 38 +/- 7% of controls, respectively, reductions significantly greater than with the mixed HOPO ligand or with three times more CaNa3-DTPA. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Protect & Surete Nucl, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Univ Paris 13, Bobigny, France. RP Durbin, PW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES02698] NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 503 EP 508 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200101 PM 14527018 ER PT J AU Bailey, BR Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW AF Bailey, BR Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW TI An analysis of a puncture wound case with medical intervention SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL ID PLUTONIUM; EXCRETION; DTPA AB A worker noted a small wound to his thumb when leaving a work site that was undergoing decontamination because of past operations with plutonium (Pu) and americium (Am). Direct surveys of the wound site confirmed the presence of contamination. The chelating agent Ca-DTPA was administered via a nebuliser within an hour after discovery of the wound. External measurements were made of the Wound site and wound dressings; 24-h urinary excretion data were collected periodically and the Pu and Am urine content was determined. Zn-DTPA was administered on three occasions. The ICRP Pu systemic model was modified to consider the enhanced urinary excretion following administration of the chelating agents. The analysis indicated that the wound resulted in an initial deposition of 400 Bq Pu-238, 2240 Bq Pu-239/240 and 1060 Bq Am-241. About 70% of the initial wound activity was removed by surgical procedures and less than 1% of the wound activity was removed by chelation therapy. This paper compares the observed urinary excretion data with that indicated by a simulation of the kinetics of the transfer from the wound site and the kinetics of the chelating agent and Pu. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bailey, BR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200102 PM 14527019 ER PT J AU Guilmette, RA Hakimi, R Durbin, PW Xu, J Raymond, KN AF Guilmette, RA Hakimi, R Durbin, PW Xu, J Raymond, KN TI Competitive binding of Pu and Am with bone mineral and novel chelating agents SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL ID SEQUESTERING AGENTS; IN-VIVO; HYDROXYPYRIDINONATE LIGANDS; ACTINIDES; MICE; PLUTONIUM; AMERICIUM; COMPLEXES; DTPA; DESFERRIOXAMINE AB Effective direct removal of actinides such as Pu and Am from bone in vivo has not been accomplished to date, even with the strong chelating agents CaNa(3)DTPA or ZnNa(3)DTPA. This study, Using an established in vitro system, compared removal of Pu and Ani bound to bone mineral by ZnNa(3)DTPA and 10 chelating agents designed specifically to sequester actinides. including Pu and Am. Ligands tested were tetra, hexa, and octadentate, with linear or branched backbones containing sulfocatechol [CAM(S)], hydroxycatechol [CAM(C)], hydroxipyridinone (1,2-HOPO, Me-3,2-HOPO), or hydroxamate functional groups. The wide range of Pu and Am removal exhibited by the test ligands generally agreed with their metal coordination and chemical properties. The most effective agents for Pu (100 muM concentration, 24-48 h contact) are all octadentate as follows: 34.3-LICAM(S) (54% unbound): 3,4,3-LICAM(C) (6.2%); 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) (3.8%): H(2,2)-(Me-3,2-HOPO) (2.2%) and DFO-(1,2-HOPO) (1.8%). The other ligands removed less than 1% of the bound Pu: and ZnNa(3)DTPA removed only 0.086%. The most effective ligands for Am removal (100 muM, 24-48 h contact) are as follows: octadentate H(2,2)-(Me-3,2-HOPO) (21% unbound); 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) (14.5%) and 3,4,3-LICAM(C) (5.9%); hexadentate TREN-(Me-3,2-HOPO) and TREN-(1,2-HOPO) (9.6%); and tetradentate 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO) (5.2%). Am removal by ZnNa(3)DTPA was about 1.4%. Among the ligands presently considered for possible human use, only 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) removed potentially useful amounts of both Pu and Am from bone mineral. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guilmette, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E-546,HSR-12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 12 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200106 PM 14527022 ER PT J AU Endo, A Yamaguchi, Y Eckerman, KF AF Endo, A Yamaguchi, Y Eckerman, KF TI Development and assessment of a new radioactive decay database used for dosimetry calculation SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL ID NUCLEAR AB The present paper discusses the technical issues and a scheme for their resolution before undertaking the development of a new radioactive decay database to succeed ICRP38. The scheme consists of the following procedures. (1) The consistency of nuclear structure data files used as input to the computer code EDISTR is established by referring to the latest nuclear parameters and by comparing the computed energies of emitted radiations with total decay energy. (2) A method for calculating detailed spectra of X rays and Auger electrons is incorporated into EDISTR to enhance the treatment of atomic relaxation processes initiated by electron vacancies from internal conversion and electron capture. (3) Quality assurance of the compiled data is undertaken by comparisons with experimental data and other decay databases prepared from different computer codes and libraries. JAERI and ORNL are cooperating to implement the scheme in order to assemble a comprehensive radioactive decay database including over 1000 nuclides. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Endo, A (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 565 EP 569 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200112 PM 14527028 ER PT J AU Fisher, DR AF Fisher, DR TI Assessments for high dose radionuclide therapy treatment planning SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry of Radionuclides CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL NEW COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, European Late Effects Project Grp, European Commiss, Res Directorate Gen, Biol & Environm Res Program, USA DOE, WHO HO NEW COLL ID PHASE I/II; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DOSIMETRY; TRIAL AB Advance,, in the biotechnology of cell specific targeting of cancer and the increased number of clinical trials involving treatment of cancer patients with radiolabelled antibodies, peptides and similar delivery vehicles have led to an increase ill the number of high dose radionuclide therapy procedures. Optimised radionuclide therapy for cancer treatment is based oil the concept of absorbed dose to the dose limiting normal organ or tissue. The limiting normal tissue is often the red marrow, but it may sometimes be the lungs, liver, intestinal tract or kidneys. Appropriate treatment planning requires assessment of radiation dose to several internal organs and tissues, and usually involves biodistribution studies in the patient using a tracer amount of radionuclide bound to the targeting agent and imaged at sequential timepoints using a planar gamma camera. Time-activity curves are developed from the imaging data for the major organ tissues of concern, for the whole body and sometimes for selected tumours. Patient specific factors often require that dose estimates be customised for each patient. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration regulates the experimental use of investigational new drugs and requires 'reasonable calculation of radiation absorbed dose to the whole body and to critical organs' using the methods prescribed by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. Review of high dose studies shows that some are conducted with minimal dosimetry, that the marrow dose is difficult to establish and is subject to large uncertainties. Despite the general availability of software, internal dosimetry methods often seem to be inconsistent from one clinical centre to another. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fisher, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01-CA44991] NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 581 EP 586 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 725FM UT WOS:000185533200115 PM 14527031 ER PT J AU Feinendegen, LE AF Feinendegen, LE TI Relative implications of protective responses versus damage induction at low dose and low-dose-rate exposures, using the microdose approach SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Health and Biological Effects of Low-Dose Ionising Radiation CY NOV 04-05, 2002 CL ROME, ITALY ID C3H 10T(1)/(2) CELLS; TRITIATED-WATER HTO; FREE-RADICAL THEORY; IONIZING-RADIATION; DNA-DAMAGE; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; GAMMA-RAYS AB In reviewing the tissue effects of low-dose radiation (1) absorbed dose to tissue is replaced by the sum of energy deposited with track events in cell-equivalent tissue micromasses, i.e. with microdose hits, in the number of exposed micromasses and (2) induced cell damage and adaptive protection are related to microdose hits in exposed micromasses for a given radiation quality. DNA damage increases with the number of microdose hits. They also can induce adaptive protection, mainly against endogenous DNA damage. This protection involves cellular defences, DNA repair and damage removal. With increasing numbers of low linear energy transfer (LET) microdose hits in exposed micromasses, adaptive protection first tends to outweigh damage and then (above 200 mGy) fails and largely disappears. These experimental data predict that cancer risk coefficients derived by epidemiology at high-dose irradiation decline at low doses and dose rates when adaptive protection outdoes DNA damage. The dose-risk function should include both linear and non-linear terms at low doses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), Wannental 45, D-88131 Lindau B, Germany. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 104 IS 4 BP 337 EP 346 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 731KX UT WOS:000185884200006 PM 14579890 ER PT J AU Espinosa, G Gammage, RB AF Espinosa, G Gammage, RB TI A representative survey of indoor radon in the sixteen regions in Mexico City SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM; SYSTEM AB Mexico City, also called Federal District, covers an area of 1504 km, and has more than 8 million inhabitants. It is located more than 2200 m above sea level in a zone of high seismic activity, and founded oil an ancient lake. At present it is one of the most crowded and contaminated cities in the world, with thermal inversions. Chemical contaminants and aerosol particles in the environmental air are high most of the year. Due to these geological, environmental and socioeconomic conditions, Federal District presents very peculiar characteristics, which are important for understanding the distribution and measurements of indoor radon concentration. In this work the results of 3 year (1998-2000) measurements of indoor radon levels in the Federal District are presented. For the detector distribution and measurements, the actual political administrative divisions of the Federal District, consisting of 16 very well defined zones, was used. Nuclear track detection methodology was selected for the measurement, with a passive device close-end-cup system with CR-39 (Lantrack(R)) polycarbonate as the detection material, with one step chemical etching, following a very well established protocol developed at the Instituto de Fisica, UNAM. Calibration was carried out at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and verification at the Instituto de Fisica chamber. The results show that the arithmetical mean values of the indoor radon concentration for each region of the Federal District follow a non-homogenous distribution. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Espinosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apdo Postal 20-364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2003 VL 103 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 654KX UT WOS:000181497000011 PM 12596993 ER PT S AU Goulding, RH Baity, FW Durodie, F Fadnek, A Hosea, JC Jones, GH Loesser, GD Nelson, BE Rasmussen, DA Ryan, PM Sparks, DO Swain, DW Walton, R AF Goulding, RH Baity, FW Durodie, F Fadnek, A Hosea, JC Jones, GH Loesser, GD Nelson, BE Rasmussen, DA Ryan, PM Sparks, DO Swain, DW Walton, R BE Forest, CB TI Initial operation of the JET ITER-like high-power prototype ICRF antenna SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc AB Fabrication and assembly of a High Power Prototype (HPP) of the JET ITER-like Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) launcher have been completed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and high power tests have begun. The HPP consists of one quadrant of the full 7.5 MW antenna (1). The prototype is the product of a collaboration between ORNL, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, and EFDA-JET/UKAEA. Internal matching capacitors are utilized in a circuit that maintains a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the input < 1.5 over a factor of ten range in resistive loading. Short (.05 s) pulses have achieved > 45 kV peak voltage at the internal matching capacitors, which is greater than the original design voltage. High power pulses up to 2s have been run. Diagnostics include thermocouples, voltage probes at the capacitors and along the integral lambda/4 matching transformer, and an optical temperature sensor for in-situ measurements of capacitor temperatures. Low power measurements of electrical characteristics of the antenna have been made and compared with a 3-D electromagnetic model. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goulding, RH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Goulding, Richard/C-5982-2016 OI Goulding, Richard/0000-0002-1776-7983 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000014 ER PT S AU Schilling, G Wukitch, SJ Boivin, RL Goetz, JA Hosea, JC Irby, JH Parisot, A Porkolab, M Wilson, JR AF Schilling, G Wukitch, SJ Boivin, RL Goetz, JA Hosea, JC Irby, JH Parisot, A Porkolab, M Wilson, JR CA Alcator C-Mod Team BE Forest, CB TI Analysis of 4-strap ICRF antenna performance in Alcator C-Mod SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc AB A 4-strap ICRF antenna was designed and fabricated for plasma heating and current drive in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Initial upgrades were carried out in 2000 and 2001, which eliminated surface arcing between the metallic protection tiles and reduced plasma-wall interactions at the antenna front surface. A boron nitride septum was added at the antenna midplane to intersect electric fields resulting from rf sheath rectification, which eliminated antenna corner heating at high power levels. The current feeds to the radiating straps were reoriented from an Eparallel toB to Eperpendicular toB geometry, avoiding the empirically observed similar to15 kV/cm field limit and raising antenna voltage holding capability. Further modifications were carried out in 2002 and 2003. These included changes to the antenna current strap, the boron nitride the mounting geometry, and shielding the BN-metal interface from the plasma. The antenna heating efficiency, power and voltage characteristics under these various configurations will be presented. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 166 EP 169 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000030 ER PT S AU Rosenberg, AL Menard, JE Wilson, JR Medley, S Phillips, CK Andre, R Darrow, DS Dumont, RJ LeBlanc, BP Redi, MH Mau, TK Jaeger, EF Ryan, PM Swain, DW Harvey, RW Egedal, J AF Rosenberg, AL Menard, JE Wilson, JR Medley, S Phillips, CK Andre, R Darrow, DS Dumont, RJ LeBlanc, BP Redi, MH Mau, TK Jaeger, EF Ryan, PM Swain, DW Harvey, RW Egedal, J CA NSTX Team BE Forest, CB TI Characterization of fast ion absorption of the high harmonic fast wave in the national spherical torus experiment SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc ID HIGH-BETA PLASMAS AB Ion absorption of the high harmonic fast wave in a spherical torus is of critical importance to assessing the viability of the wave as a means of heating and driving current. Analysis of recent NSTX shots has revealed that under some conditions when neutral beam and RF power are injected into the plasma simultaneously, a fast ion population with energy above the beam injection energy is sustained by the wave. In agreement with modeling, these experiments find the RF-induced fast ion tail strength and neutron rate at lower B-fields to be less enhanced, likely due to a larger beta profile, which promotes greater off-axis absorption where the fast ion population is small. Ion loss codes find the increased loss fraction with decreased B insufficient to account for the changes in tail strength, providing further evidence that this is an RF interaction effect. Though greater ion absorption is predicted with lower k(parallel to) surprisingly little variation in the tail was observed, along with a small neutron rate enhancement with higher k(parallel to). Data from the neutral particle analyzer, neutron detectors, x-ray crystal spectrometer, and Thomson scattering is presented, along with results from the TRANSP transport analysis code, ray-tracing codes HPRT and CURRAY, full-wave code and AORSA, quasi-linear code CQL3D, and ion loss codes EIGOL and CONBEAM. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Rosenberg, AL (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000034 ER PT S AU Biewer, TM Bell, RE Darrow, DS Wilson, JR AF Biewer, TM Bell, RE Darrow, DS Wilson, JR BE Forest, CB TI Observations of anisotropic ion temperature during RF heating in the NSTX edge SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc ID PLASMAS AB A new spectroscopic diagnostic on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) measures the velocity distribution of ions in the plasma edge with both poloidal and toroidal views. An anisotropic ion temperature is measured during the presence of high power HHFW RF heating in He plasmas, with the poloidal T(i) roughly twice the toroidal Ti. Moreover, the measured spectral distribution suggests that two populations have temperatures of 500 eV and 50 eV with rotation velocities of -50 km/s and -10 km/s, respectively. This bi-modal distribution is observed in both the toroidal and poloidal views (in both He II and C III ions), and is well correlated with the period of RF power application to the plasma. The temperature of the edge ions is observed to increase with the applied RF power, which was scanned between 0 and 4.3 MW. The ion heating mechanism from HHFW RF power has not yet been identified. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Biewer, TM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000035 ER PT S AU LeBlanc, BP Bell, RE Bernabei, SI Indireshkumar, K Kaye, SM Maingi, R Mau, TK Swain, DW Taylor, G Ryan, PM Wilgen, JB Wilson, JR AF LeBlanc, BP Bell, RE Bernabei, SI Indireshkumar, K Kaye, SM Maingi, R Mau, TK Swain, DW Taylor, G Ryan, PM Wilgen, JB Wilson, JR BE Forest, CB TI High-Harmonic Fast-Wave driven H-mode plasmas in NSTX SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc AB The launch of High-Harmonic Fast Waves (HHFW) routinely provides auxiliary power to NSTX plasmas, where it is used to heat electrons and pursue drive current. H-mode transitions have been observed in deuterium discharges, where only HHFW and ohmic heating, and no neutral beam injection (NBI), were applied to the plasma. The usual H-mode signatures are observed. A drop of the D. light marks the start of a stored energy increase, which can double the energy content. These H-mode plasmas also have the expected kinetic profile signatures with steep edge density and electron temperature pedestal. Similar to its NBI driven counterpart - also observed on NSTX - the HHFW H mode has density profiles that feature "cars" in the peripheral region. These plasmas are likely candidates for long pulse operation because of the combination of bootstrap current, associated with H-mode kinetic profiles, and active current drive, which can be generated with HHFW power. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP LeBlanc, BP (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000037 ER PT S AU Ryan, PA Swain, DW Wilson, JR Hosea, JC LeBlanc, BP Bernabei, S Bonoli, P Carter, AD Jaeger, EF Kaye, S Mau, TK Phillips, CK Rasmussen, DA Wilgen, JB AF Ryan, PA Swain, DW Wilson, JR Hosea, JC LeBlanc, BP Bernabei, S Bonoli, P Carter, AD Jaeger, EF Kaye, S Mau, TK Phillips, CK Rasmussen, DA Wilgen, JB CA NSTX Team BE Forest, CB TI High harmonic fast wave current drive experiments on NSTX SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc ID PLASMAS AB Phased-array experiments were performed with the 30-MHz, 12-element HHFW antenna array on NSTX for rf powers in the 2-4.5 MW range. Relative phase shift of the array was scanned from pi/6 to pi/2 to create k(z) spectral peaks between 3 and 7.6 m(-1); it was also possible to switch from pi/2 to pi/4 phasing during a shot. Typical plasma parameters were I-p similar to 0.5 MA, B-T similar to 0.45 T, and n(e)(0) similar to 1-3x10(19) m(-3), and T-e(0) similar to 1-3 keV. Electron heating was observed even at the highest wave phase velocities, reaching 1.3 keV with 2.2 MW at -pi/6 phasing and 2.7 keV with 2.9 MW at -pi/3. Lower plasma loading and higher central heating efficiency are observed for counter-CD phasing. MSE measurement of the current profile is not yet available; therefore, the rf-driven portion of the plasma current is calculated from the difference in loop voltage between co- and counter-CD phasing. The normalized current drive efficiency for k(z) = 7.6 m(-1) is gammasimilar to 0.035x10(19) A(.)W(-1.)m(-2) for both D and He plasmas. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ryan, PA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000039 ER PT S AU Spaleta, J Majeski, R Phillips, CK Dumont, RJ Kaita, R Soukhanovskii, V Zakharov, Z AF Spaleta, J Majeski, R Phillips, CK Dumont, RJ Kaita, R Soukhanovskii, V Zakharov, Z BE Forest, CB TI Investigations of low and moderate harmonic fast wave physics on CDX-U SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc AB Third harmonic hydrogen cyclotron fast wave heating studies are planned in the near term on CDX-U to investigate the potential for bulk ion heating. In preparation for these studies, the available RF power in CDX-U has been increased to 0.5 MW. The operating frequency of the CDX-U RF transmitter was lowered to operate in the range of 8 - 10 MHz, providing access to the ion harmonic range 2Omega similar to 4Omega in hydrogen. A similar regime is accessible for the 30 MHz RF system on NSTX, at 0.6 Tesla in hydrogen. Preliminary computational studies over the plasma regimes of interest for NSTX and CDX-U indicate the possibility of strong localized absorption on bulk ion species. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Spaleta, J (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000040 ER PT S AU Wilson, JR Bernabei, S Fredd, E Greenough, N Hosea, JC Kung, CC Loesser, GD AF Wilson, JR Bernabei, S Fredd, E Greenough, N Hosea, JC Kung, CC Loesser, GD BE Forest, CB TI Construction, calibration and testing of a multi-waveguide array for the application of LHCD on alcator C-MOD SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc AB A collaborative project between MIT and Princeton has been undertaken to fabricate a high power system for application of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) on the Alcator C-MOD device. The ultimate goal of the project is to have the ability to apply up to 3 MW of 4.6 GHz rf power to drive current for the study of advanced tokamak operation on C-MOD. As part of the PPPL portion of the collaboration a high power wave-guide launching array has been designed and constructed to support 1.5 MW application to the plasma based on previous experimental power limits (and possibly supporting 2 MW application with advanced conditioning). In this paper we will describe the construction, calibration and testing techniques utilized and the results obtained during the construction phase. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Wilson, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000054 ER PT S AU Wong, KL Chan, VS Petty, CC AF Wong, KL Chan, VS Petty, CC BE Forest, CB TI Assessment of electron banana width effect in ECCD experiments SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc ID CURRENT DRIVE; WAVES; PLASMAS AB It is shown that the energetic trapped electron dynamics can be described by the Smoluchowski equation, and a simple criterion is derived to assess its significance in electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) experiments. In small tokamak experiments similar to the WT-3 device where the density is low and the inductive electric field can change rapidly, the finite electron banana width can cause the energetic electrons to pile up near the trapped-passing boundary. In the DIII-D experiment, this effect becomes negligibly small. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wong, KL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 352 EP 355 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000067 ER PT S AU Carter, MD Rasmussen, DA Bell, GL Bigelow, TS Wilgen, JB AF Carter, MD Rasmussen, DA Bell, GL Bigelow, TS Wilgen, JB BE Forest, CB TI Electron Bernstein wave applications for stellarators SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc AB Electron Bernstein Waves (EBW) provide a mechanism to heat electrons in over-dense plasma using microwave sources. The mode conversion between ordinary or extra-ordinary waves and EBW depends on density gradients in the plasma edge, the angle of incidence, and the polarization of the incoming waves. General considerations for the efficiency of mode conversion to EBW in stellarator geometries are discussed. For cold, dense edge-plasma conditions, Coulomb collisions can cause parasitic absorption in the initial propagation region of the EBW, but collisional damping should not be a problem for the sharp edge gradients and temperatures greater than or similar to 50 eV in the Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator (QPS). Scenarios for using fixed launch angles with polarization optimization to maximize transmission during the density evolution in QPS are possible. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carter, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000070 ER PT S AU Welton, RF Stockli, AP Shukla, S Kang, Y Keller, R Staples, J AF Welton, RF Stockli, AP Shukla, S Kang, Y Keller, R Staples, J BE Forest, CB TI RF-Plasma coupling schemes for the SNS ion source SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc ID SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE AB The ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a radio-frequency, multicusp source designed to deliver beams of 45 mA of H- with a normalized rms emittance of 0.2 pi mm mrad to the SNS accelerator. RF power with a frequency of 2 MHz is delivered to the ion source by an 80-kW pulsed power supply generating nominal pulses 1 ms in width with a 60-Hz repetition rate. The ion source-designed, constructed and commissioned at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)-satisfies the basic requirements of commissioning and early operation of the SNS accelerator. To improve reliability of the ion source and consequently the availability of the SNS accelerator and to accommodate facility upgrade plans, we are developing optimal RF-plasma-coupling systems at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). To date, our efforts have focused on design and development of internal and external ion source antennas having long operational lifetimes and the development and characterization of efficient RF matching networks. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 431 EP 435 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000083 ER PT S AU Jaeger, EF Berry, LA Myra, JR Batchelor, DB D'Azevedo, E AF Jaeger, EF Berry, LA Myra, JR Batchelor, DB D'Azevedo, E BE Forest, CB TI Mode conversion flow drive in tokamaks SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc ID ION-CYCLOTRON; POLOIDAL FLOW; WAVES; PLASMAS; TFTR; FREQUENCY AB A two-dimensional integral full-wave model is used to calculate poloidal forces driven by mode conversion in tokamak plasmas. In the presence of a poloidal magnetic field, mode conversion near the ion-ion hybrid resonance is dominated by a transition from the fast magnetosonic wave to the slow ion cyclotron wave. The poloidal field generates strong variations in the parallel wave spectrum that cause wave damping in a narrow layer near the mode conversion surface. The resulting poloidal forces drive sheared poloidal flows comparable to those in direct launch ion Bernstein wave experiments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jaeger, EF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000091 ER PT S AU Phillips, CK Pletzer, A Dumont, RJ Smithe, DN AF Phillips, CK Pletzer, A Dumont, RJ Smithe, DN BE Forest, CB TI Plasma dielectric tensor for non-Maxwellian distributions in the FLR limit SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc AB Previous analytical and numerical studies have noted that the presence of fully non-Maxwellian plasma species can significantly alter the dynamics of electromagnetic waves in magnetized plasmas. In this paper, a general form for the hot plasma dielectric tensor for non-Maxwellian distributions is derived that is valid in the finite Larmor radius approximation. This model provides some insight into understanding the limitations on representing non-Maxwellian plasma species with equivalent Maxwellian components in modeling RF wave propagation and absorption. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Phillips, CK (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000097 ER PT S AU Pletzer, A Phillips, CK Smithe, DN AF Pletzer, A Phillips, CK Smithe, DN BE Forest, CB TI Gabor wave packet method to solve plasma wave equations SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MORAN, WY SP Univ Winsconsin, Amer Phys Soc AB A numerical method for solving plasma wave equations arising in the context of mode conversion between the fast magnetosonic and the slow (e.g ion Bernstein) wave is presented. The numerical algorithm relies on the expansion of the solution in Gaussian wave packets known as Gabor functions, which have good resolution properties in both real and Fourier space. The wave packets are ideally suited to capture both the large and small wavelength features that characterize mode conversion problems. The accuracy of the scheme is compared with a standard finite element approach. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pletzer, A (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0158-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 694 BP 503 EP 506 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BY31U UT WOS:000188894000098 ER PT J AU Guilderson, TP Southon, JR Brown, TA AF Guilderson, TP Southon, JR Brown, TA TI High-precision AMS C-14 results on TIRI/FIRI turbidite SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID LAST DEGLACIATION; RADIOCARBON AB Unleached aliquots of TIRI/FIRI turbidite were analyzed by accelerator mass spectronomy (AMS) over a timespan of 18 months. Individual analyses ranged from 18,090-18,245 yr BP with reported errors between 30-50 yr. The weighted average fraction modem (FM) of these 28 measurements is 0.10378 +/- 0.00008 (which equates to 18,199 +/- 8 yr BP) and the measurements show a I standard deviation scatter of 0.00044 (+/-35 yr). The fractional error of these results indicates reproducibility of individual measurements at the 4parts per thousand (1sigma) level, which is consistent with the quoted counting-statistics-based errors. Laboratories engaged in the determination of C-14 results at reasonably high precision should consider taking advantage of the TIRI and FIRI sample materials in the role of process standards. Additional suites of high-precision data are necessary to refine the accuracy of these sample materials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 94596 USA. RP Guilderson, TP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2003 VL 45 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 735TQ UT WOS:000186131000008 ER PT J AU Kratz, JV Nahler, A Rieth, U Kronenberg, A Kuczewski, B Strub, E Bruchle, W Schadel, M Schausten, B Turler, A Gaggeler, HW Jost, DT Gregorich, KE Nitsche, H Laue, C Sudowe, R Wilk, PA AF Kratz, JV Nahler, A Rieth, U Kronenberg, A Kuczewski, B Strub, E Bruchle, W Schadel, M Schausten, B Turler, A Gaggeler, HW Jost, DT Gregorich, KE Nitsche, H Laue, C Sudowe, R Wilk, PA TI An EC-branch in the decay of 27-s (263)Db: Evidence for the isotope (263)Rf SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Db-263; milking of a rutherfordium fraction; EC-branch; Rf-263 AB 27-s (263)Db was produced in the Bk-249 (O-18, 4n) reaction at 93 MeV. The activity was transported by a He/KCl-jet to the laboratory where it was collected for 15 min and then subjected to a chemical separation specific for group-4 elements. The activity was dissolved in 0.5 M unbuffered alpha-HiB and eluted from a cation-exchange column. The effluent was made 9 M in HCl and group-4 tetrachlorides were extracted into TBP/Cyclohexane which was evaporated to dryness on a Ta disc. The Ta discs were assayed for a and SF activity. A SF activity with a half life on the order of 20 min was observed and assigned to the nuclide (263)Rf. It is formed by electron-capture decay of (263)Db with a decay branch of 3(-1)(+4)%. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kratz, JV (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008; Strub, Erik/N-1308-2015; Turler, Andreas/D-3913-2014 OI Strub, Erik/0000-0002-4136-2871; Turler, Andreas/0000-0002-4274-1056 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1524/ract.91.1.59.19010 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 647GJ UT WOS:000181084800009 ER PT J AU Roberts, KE Wolery, TJ Atkins-Duffin, CE Prussin, TG Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Shuh, DK Finch, RJ Prussin, SG AF Roberts, KE Wolery, TJ Atkins-Duffin, CE Prussin, TG Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Shuh, DK Finch, RJ Prussin, SG TI Precipitation of crystalline neptunium dioxide from near-neutral aqueous solution SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE neptunium; neptunium dioxide; precipitation; solubility; nuclear waste; Yucca mountain ID SOLUBILITY AB We report experimental evidence that crystalline neptunium dioxide, NpO2(cr), will precipitate from near-neutral aqueous solutions that initially contain NpO2+(aq), even under mildly oxidizing conditions. Observed decreases in aqueous Np concentrations with time are balanced by corresponding decreases in pH and accompanied by formation of high-purity crystals of NpO2. The crystalline NpO2 was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermodynamic data in the literature suggest that NpO2(cr) is possibly the stable solid phase in aqueous systems containing dissolved NpO2+(aq); however, the precipitation of NpO2(cr) from solutions containing initially NpO2+(aq) had not been observed experimentally until now, possibly because of slow reaction kinetics. Our experiments were conducted at 200 degreesC in order to overcome slow reduction reactions and/or precipitation kinetics. Because long time scales may render slow reaction kinetics irrelevant, thermodynamically stable NpO2(cr) may keep dissolved Np concentrations well below the relatively high Np concentrations (10(-3) M) associated with meta-stable Np(V) solids observed in previous laboratory experiments. Projects investigating the suitability of sites for an underground repository for high-level nuclear waste disposal may not need be so concerned with high dose rates due to migration of Np over long times, because these may not apply to repository-relevant time scales over which NpO2(cr) is likely to be stable. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roberts, KE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM roberts29@llnl.gov RI Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1524/ract.91.2.87.19985 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 656XD UT WOS:000181635600004 ER PT J AU Buongiorno, J Larson, C Czerwinski, KR AF Buongiorno, J Larson, C Czerwinski, KR TI Speciation of polonium released from molten lead bismuth SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE polonium; lead-bismuth; lead polonide; polonium hydride ID PO-210 AB The alpha-emitter Po-210 is an activation product of liquid lead-bismuth, a low melting eutectic under investigation as a coolant of the next generation fast nuclear reactors. Experiments were performed to measure the gaseous polonium chemical species for assessing the radioactivity release from a Pb-Bi bath upon contact with a gas stream. The vapor pressure of lead polonide was measured over the 400-550degreesC temperature range and found to be in agreement with an existing correlation derived from data at higher temperatures. Also, it was experimentally confirmed that the presence of steam in the gas stream above the Pb-Bi melt substantially increases the amount of polonium released due to the formation of the volatile compound H2Po. The free-energy variation of the H2Po formation reaction was determined, permitting the calculation of the Po gas phase speciation under the experimental conditions. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Nucl Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Czerwinski, KR (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1524/ract.91.3.153.19984 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 664WL UT WOS:000182086600006 ER PT J AU Borkowski, M Choppin, GR Moore, RC AF Borkowski, M Choppin, GR Moore, RC TI Thermodynamic modeling of metal-ligand interactions in high ionic strength NaCl solutions: the Ni2+-oxalate system SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE nickel; oxalate; complexation; Pitzer parameters ID COMPLEXATION; 25-DEGREES-C; MEDIA AB Stability constants for the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes of Ni(II)+Oxalate have been determined using solvent extraction. Data collected in 0.3m to 5.0m NaCI aqueous solutions at 20.0(+/-0.1) degreesC yielded values of log beta([0]) ranging from 3.71 to 3.98(+/-0.06) and of log beta(102) from 6.44 to 6.95( +/-0.06), which agree well with values from the literature. The data were analyzed by the Pitzer model with a value of mu(0) / RT = -17.47 for the I : I complex calculated from the data and literature values. A single neutral-ion interaction parameter; lambda(NiOx-Cl) = -0.179 was used to describe the ionic strength dependence of the I : I complex. For the 1 : 2 complex, a value for mu(0) / RT = - 11.31 and the Pitzer parameters values, beta(NiOx2)(-Na+)(02-) = -0.0644 and beta(NiOx2)(-Na+)(12-) =0.8545, were determined. These standard chemical potential values are based on a model for oxalate deprotonation reported earlier. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Choppin, GR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1524/ract.91.3.169.19978 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 664WL UT WOS:000182086600009 ER PT J AU Gunther, A Bernhard, G Geipel, G Reich, T Rossberg, A Nitsche, H AF Gunther, A Bernhard, G Geipel, G Reich, T Rossberg, A Nitsche, H TI Uranium speciation in plants SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium; speciation; plants; spectroscopy ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY TRLFS; COMPLEX-FORMATION; EXAFS; ROBL AB Detailed knowledge of the nature of uranium complexes formed after the uptake by plants is an essential prerequisite to describe the migration behavior of uranium in the environment. This study focuses on the determination of uranium speciation after uptake of uranium by lupine plants. For the first time, time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical speciation of uranium in plants. Differences were detected between the uranium speciation in the initial solution (hydroponic solution and pore water of soil) and inside the lupine plants. The oxidation state of uranium did not change and remained hexavalent after it was taken up by the lupine plants. The chemical speciation of uranium was identical in the roots, shoot axis, and leaves and was independent of the uranium speciation in the uptake solution. The results indicate that the uranium is predominantly bound as uranyl(VI) phosphate to the phosphoryl groups. Dandelions and lamb's lettuce showed uranium speciation identical to lupine plants. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gunther, A (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RI The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Reich, Tobias/C-7064-2016 OI Reich, Tobias/0000-0002-5600-3951 NR 33 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 32 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 6 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1524/ract.91.6.319.20022 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 703EJ UT WOS:000184266800003 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Felmy, AR Xia, YX Mason, MJ AF Wang, Z Felmy, AR Xia, YX Mason, MJ TI A fluorescence spectroscopic study on the speciation of Cm(III) and Eu(III) in the presence of organic chelates in highly basic solutions SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Eu3+; Cm3+; fluorescence; time-resolved spectroscopy; nanoparticle; surface complex ID EUROPIUM(III) COMPLEXES; COLLOID GENERATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LUMINESCENCE; ACID; MONTMORILLONITE; SOLUBILITY; NUMBER; IONS AB The speciation of Eu(III) and Cm(III) was investigated by time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) over a range of base concentrations from 0.01 M NaOH to 7.5 M NaOH and in the presence of several organic chelates including EDTA, HEDTA, NTA, and oxalate. The results of this work suggest that both Eu(III) and Cm(III) form strong mixed ligand complexes with organic chelates and the hydroxyl groups(s) in dilute NaOH solutions. However, in concentrated NaOH solutions, Eu(III)-/Cm(III)-containing colloidal nanoparticles are the primary cause for the measured Eu(III)/Cm(III) in the aqueous solutions. Therefore, the interpretation of these data solely in terms of the formation of amphoteric hydroxyl species (e.g. Eu(OH)(4)(-)) would appear to be inappropriate. The organic chelating ligands form strong complexes with surface Cm(III)/Eu(III) sites of the colloidal nanoparticles. For Cm(III), such surface complexes show largely red-shifted fluorescence spectra as compared with the aqueous complexes and unusually short fluorescence lifetimes. The decreased fluorescence lifetimes are likely due to the presence of transition metal impurities in the nanoparticle and reduced inter-nuclear distance between neighboring Cm(III) centers. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 6 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1524/ract.91.6.329.20028 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 703EJ UT WOS:000184266800004 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Fox, RV Cooper, DC Groenewold, GS AF Mincher, BJ Fox, RV Cooper, DC Groenewold, GS TI Neptunium and plutonium sorption to Snake River Plain, Idaho soil SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE actinides; hydrolysis; soil; sorption ID SOLUBILITY; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; FORMS; ENVIRONMENTS; EQUILIBRIUM; SPECIATION; HYDROLYSIS; AMERICIUM; ACTINIDES AB The behavior of Np and Pu on soil collected from the subsurface disposal area at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory was investigated by performing short-duration, sorption experiments to measure sorption isotherms. Neptunium sorption can be described with a Freundlich isotherm: however, Pu sorption can only be described in this fashion as a conservative estimate of minimum sorption. Geochemical modeling predictions suggest that initial sorption of Np is controlled predominantly by surface complexation on clay minerals. while Pu is controlled by a competition between complexation with iron oxyhydroxides and the precipitation of hydrolysis products. Longer-term sorption is governed by the transformation of these species to oxide minerals. Solution ionic strength and carbonate alkalinity did not significantly affect Np or Pu soil sorption. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 14 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 7 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.1524/ract.91.7.397.20016 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 704LG UT WOS:000184340700005 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK Haire, RG AF Gibson, JK Haire, RG TI Einsteinium chemistry in the gas phase: exploring the divalent character of heavy actinides SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE einsteinium; berkelium actinides; actinide organometallics; divalent actinides ID LANTHANIDE CATIONS; ION CHEMISTRY; REACTIVITY; VAPORIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; ENERGIES; ALKENES; PU+ AB The first chemical studies of the monopositive einsteinium ion, Es+, in the gas phase have been carried out, and its behavior compared to those for other actinide ions, with a particular focus on Bk+. The yield of laser-ablated EsO+ indicates that the Es+-O bond energy is significantly smaller than that of Bk+-O. Fluorination of Es+ and Bk+ through F-abstraction from hexafluoropropene demonstrated clearly the stability of the divalent state of Es: whereas by this process both BkF+ and BkF2+ are produced, only the "divalent" EsF+ product is formed. The reaction of Es+ with several different alkenes produced only small yields of adducts (e.g., EsC4H8+). These adducts are the first organoeinsteinium complexes to be identified. Whereas Es+ was inert towards 1,5-cyclooctadiene, in contrast Bk+ dehydrogenated this substrate to give BkC8H8+, demonstrating the greater activation activity of Bk+ than Es+ towards alkenes. The chemical behaviors observed in these studies are consistent with the predicted electronic structure and energetics of Es+, and the results obtained are discussed in the context of systematic trends across the actinide series. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 8 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1524/ract.91.8.441.20005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 715DC UT WOS:000184954400002 ER PT J AU Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ AF Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ TI Structural characterization of a ternary Fe(III)-U(VI)-citrate complex SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium; citric acid; ternary; EXAFS; TOF-SIMS ID MIXED-METAL-COMPLEXES; HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACID COMPLEXES; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; FORMATION-CONSTANTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METAL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TARTARIC ACIDS; X-RAY; HETEROBINUCLEAR COMPLEXES AB Citric acid, a naturally occurring hydroxycarboxylic acid, forms bidentate, tridentate, dinuclear, or polymeric species, depending on the metal. In the presence of iron and uranium a ternary Fe: U: citric acid complex is formed. We deter-mined the molecular structure of the ternary complex in both the aqueous and solid phase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the presence of uni- and bi-dentate bonding of the citric acid to the metals, and the involvement of the alpha-hydroxyl group. Analysis of molecular fragments generated from time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) confirmed the bonding of terminal carboxylate groups of citric acid to uranium and iron. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis revealed the dinuclear nature of the Fe bonding to citrate and mononuclear uranium species with citrate. Coordination of a sodium atom to the iron was also noted. The proposed empirical formula for the complex is [NaFe2(mu-O)(mu-citrato)(OH)(2)(H2O)(C6H4O7)bis(UO2)(C6H5O7)](7-). The structure consists of a dinuclear ferric ion core coordinated through an oxy (mu-O) and a carboxylate (mu-citrato) group of citric acid. The mononuclear uranyl ions are coordinated in bidentate fashion to the central carboxylate groups of citric acid and tridentate coordinated to citric acid. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dodge, CJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 9 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1524/ract.91.9.525.19995 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 728WZ UT WOS:000185740500005 ER PT J AU Mattigod, SV Fryxell, GE Serne, RJ Parker, KE AF Mattigod, SV Fryxell, GE Serne, RJ Parker, KE TI Evaluation of novel getters for adsorption of radioiodine from groundwater and waste glass leachates SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE getters; adsorption; distribution coefficients; iodine; groundwater; waste glass leachate ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; ORGANO-CLAYS; I IONS; SORPTION; MINERALS; IODIDE; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Performance tests were conducted using novel getter materials that can immobilize or delay the transport of radioiodine that would be released during physical and chemical degradation of solidified low-level waste packages. The results showed that metal-capped novel getters such as Hg-thiol and Ag-thiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Silica (SAMMS), designed specifically to adsorb soft anions such as I-, had very high affinities for adsorption of radioiodine (K-d similar to 1 x 10(4)-4 x 10(5) ml/g). The iodide adsorption performance of these novel getters was from one to two orders of magnitude better than many natural mineral and modified mineral getters. These data indicate that the novel getter materials are capable of significantly retarding the mobility of radioiodine leaching from physically and chemically weathered low-level waste glass packages during various physical and chemical weathering reactions expected during long-term disposal in the vadose zone. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mattigod, SV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 9 BP 539 EP 545 DI 10.1524/ract.91.9.539.20001 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 728WZ UT WOS:000185740500007 ER PT J AU Myers, WK Ruggiero, CE Reilly, SD Neu, MP AF Myers, WK Ruggiero, CE Reilly, SD Neu, MP TI Evaluation of ovotransferrin-matrix metal-affinity metalloprotein chromatography for Pu(IV) separations SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE plutonium; actinide; metal-affinity metalloprotein chromatography separations; ovotransferrin; immobilized protein ID HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN; BINDING; IRON; PLUTONIUM; EXCHANGE; RATIONALIZATION; COORDINATION; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; RELEASE AB Metal-Affinity metalloprotein chromatography has been suggested to have potential for selectively removing actinides from solution. To evaluate this potential, characterization of Pu(IV) and Fe(III) binding to an ovotransferrin-Sepharose(TM) 4B matrix, with oxalate and carbonate synergistic anions, was performed. Metal binding capacity was determined for metal concentrations ranging from 2 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-3) M Fe(III) and 2.9 x 10(-5) to 2.6 x 10(-4) M Pu(IV), where both metals were added as a solution of 10:1 nitrilotriacetic acid:metal. Metal binding capacity was also determined over the pH range 3.0 to 9.2. The metal binding properties of the immobilized ovotransferrin were found to differ from those reported for free-protein studies. Distribution coefficients were low: for metal solution concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.10, and 0.20 mM, coefficients were 540. 180. 23. and 12 mL/g for Fe(III) and 20, 12, 7.2, and 6.0 mL/g for Pu(IV), respectively. The capacity of the material was less dependent on pH than expected, varying by only two mumoles metal/g matrix for both Fe(III) and Pu(IV) over the pH range of 4.2 to 9.5. This study illustrates limitations of metalloprotein chromatography for Pu(IV) separation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CSIC, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CSIC, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mneu@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 12 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1524/ract.91.12.697.23418 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 762MW UT WOS:000187987600003 ER PT J AU Lu, NP Reimus, PW Parker, GR Conca, JL Triay, IR AF Lu, NP Reimus, PW Parker, GR Conca, JL Triay, IR TI Sorption kinetics and impact of temperature, ionic strength and colloid concentration on the adsorption of plutonium-239 by inorganic colloids SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE sorption kinetics; desotption; Pu-239(V); natural ground water; synthetic ground water; hematite colloid; montmorillonite colloid; silica colloid ID GROUNDWATER; SOLUBILITY AB Plutonium (Pu) is one of the primary actinides of concern for long-term disposal and storage of nuclear waste. Strong sorption of Pu onto colloids of iron oxide, clay, and silica could result in colloid-facilitated transport of this actinide in groundwater systems. However, fundamental data on Pu sorption to colloids is sparse, resulting in large uncertainties in long-term predictions of colloid-facilitated Pu transport. This sparseness of data and the potential to significantly reduce uncertainties in predictive models served as a motivation for this study. The authors investigated the sorption and desorption behaviors of Pu-239(V) on three types of inorganic colloids (hematite, montmorillonite and silica), with adsorption being measured as a function of temperature, ionic strength and colloid concentration for each colloid. Natural ground water collected from Well-13 near Yucca Mountain, Nevada. and synthetic ground water (SYN.J-13) were used in the experiments. The results indicated that the adsorption of Pu-239(V) onto hematite colloids was faster and had a higher partition coefficient (K-p ml g(-1)) than onto montmorillonite or silica colloids in both J-13 and SYN.J-13 waters. Temperature did not significantly influence the adsorption of Pu-239(V) onto hematite and silica colloids, but the adsorption of Pu-239(V) onto montmorillonite colloids increased significantly with increasing temperature. While ionic strength did not significantly influence the adsorption of Pu-239(V) onto hematite colloids, an increase in ionic strength decreased the adsorption of Pu-239 onto montmorillonite and silica colloids. Adsorption of Pu-239(V) per unit mass of colloid was much higher at low colloid concentrations than at high colloid concentrations. Desorption of Pu-239 from Pu-239-loaded colloids was considerably slower than the adsorption process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINC, Div Chem Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Waste Isolat Pilot Plant, Carlsbad, NM 88221 USA. RP Reimus, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINC, Div Chem Sci, MS J 514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM preimus@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 27 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 12 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1524/ract.91.12.713.23422 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 762MW UT WOS:000187987600005 ER PT J AU Moore, RC Holt, K Zhao, HT Hasan, A Awwad, N Gasser, M Sanchez, C AF Moore, RC Holt, K Zhao, HT Hasan, A Awwad, N Gasser, M Sanchez, C TI Sorption of Np(V) by synthetic hydroxyapatite SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE hydroxyapatite; neptunium; sorption; Langmuir isotherm; sorption kinetics; apatite; equilibrium; batch experiments ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; NEPTUNIUM(V) SORPTION; CARBONATE COMPLEXES; URANIUM; PHOSPHATE; STRONTIUM; APATITE; IMMOBILIZATION; RADIONUCLIDES; SOLUBILITY AB The sorption of Np(V) to synthetic hydroxyapatite was determined in batch experiments in a 0.1 M NaClO4 solution. The hydroxyapatite used was of high purity as determined by SEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR and ICP-MS analysis. Results from kinetic experiments with an initial Np(V) concentration of 1 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-6) M indicate the sorption process is relatively fast with more than 90% of the Np(V) being sorbed in approximately 3 hours. Equilibrium experiments performed over the pH range of 6 to 11 indicated sorption is strongly pH dependent with distribution coefficients. K-d values (mL/g), increasing from 123 L/mole at pH 6 to 69 200 L/mole at pH 8.5. K-d values are observed to decrease as pH further increases. Data points over a range of Np(V) concentrations were collected at pH 8 and fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model for simple adsorption. The Langmuir equation gave an excellent representation of the data. Langmuir parameters were determined to be C-a = 0.032 mole/mole and K = 1.22 x 10(6) L/mole, indicating the high affinity of hydroxyapatite for Np(V) adsorption. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Egyptian Atom Energy Author, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. RP Moore, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rcmoore@sandia.gov RI ZHAO, HONGTING/B-1470-2010 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 12 BP 721 EP 727 DI 10.1524/ract.91.12.721.23417 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 762MW UT WOS:000187987600006 ER PT J AU Xia, YX Felmy, AR Rao, LF Wang, ZM Hess, NJ AF Xia, YX Felmy, AR Rao, LF Wang, ZM Hess, NJ TI Thermodynamic model for the solubility of ThO2(am) in the aqueous Na+-H+-OH--NO3--H2O-EDTA system SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE solubility; thorium complexes; EDTA complexes; thermodynamic data; Pitzer model; ion-interaction parameters ID HIGH-IONIC-STRENGTH; NATURAL-WATERS; COMPLEXATION; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS; TH(IV); SODIUM; OXIDE AB The solubility of ThO2(am) in the aqueous Na+-H+-OH--NO3--H2O-EDTA system as a function of pC(H+) (= - log[H-divided by]) and variable NaNO3 (0.5 M to 6.0 M) has been determined. The experimental observations show that between pC(H+) values 4.2 to 8.2, a stoichiometric 1 : 1 Th-EDTA complex forms that completely saturates the added chelate concentration. Th concentrations then decrease linearly with increasing pC(Hdivided by) at pC(Hdivided by) > 9.0. These changes in solubility are not predicted by currently available thermodynamic models. The ion-interaction model of Pitzer was used to interpret these solubility data. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the speciation under basic conditions is dominated by monomeric mixed Th-OH-EDTA complexes. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy confirmed the absence of the higher order (e.g. dimeric) species. The equilibrium constants for the following reactions were determined from analysis of the solubility data: ThO2(am)+EDTA(4-)+2H(2)OH<---->Th(OH)(2)EDTA(2-)+ 2OH(-), log K = -6.0: and ThO2(am) + EDTA(4-) + 2H(2)O <----> Th(OH)(3)EDTA(3-)+OH-, log K similar to -7.5. Pitzer ion-interaction parameters for the Th(OH)(2)EDTA(2-)- and the Th(OH)(3)EDTA(3-) species were calculated. It was also determined that the solubility method for examining the complexation of tetravalent actinides with EDTA is limited to relatively high aqueous EDTA concentrations, relative to the amount of ThO2(am) precipitate, owing to the adsorption of the EDTA chelator by the solid phase. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xia, YX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuanxian.xia@pnl.gov RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2003 VL 91 IS 12 BP 751 EP 760 DI 10.1524/ract.91.12.751.23416 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 762MW UT WOS:000187987600010 ER PT J AU Kruppa, GH Schoeniger, J Young, MM AF Kruppa, GH Schoeniger, J Young, MM TI A top down approach to protein structural studies using chemical cross-linking and Fourier transform mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; SPECTRA; IONS AB Mass spectrometric analysis of wild-type proteins that have been covalently modified by bifunctional cross-linking reagents and then digested proteolytically can be used to obtain low-resolution distance constraints, which can be useful for protein structure determination. Limitations of this approach include time-consuming separation steps, such as the separation of internally crosslinked protein monomers from covalent dimers, and a susceptibility to artifacts due to low levels of natural and man-made peptide modifications that can be mistaken for cross-linked species. The results presented here show that when a crude cross-linked protein mixture is injected into an electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS) instrument, the cross-link positions can be localized by fragmentation and mass spectrometry on the 'gas-phase purified' singly internally cross-linked monomer. Our results show that reaction of ubiquitin with the homobifunctional lysine-lysine cross-linking reagent dissuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) resulted in two cross-links consistent with the known ubiquitin tertiary structure (K6-K11 and K48-K63). Because no protein or peptide chemistry steps are needed, other than the initial cross-linking, this new top down approach appears well suited for high-throughput experiments with multiple cross-linkers and reaction conditions. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kruppa, GH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1002/rcm.885 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 635ND UT WOS:000180404900008 PM 12512095 ER PT J AU Isola, NR Liu, Z Allman, SL Taranenko, NI Kong, Y Chen, CH AF Isola, NR Liu, Z Allman, SL Taranenko, NI Kong, Y Chen, CH TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization detection of polymerase chain reaction products by utilizing the 5 '-3 ' exonuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The 5'-3' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase was utilized in the polymerase chain reaction system to generate a specific signal concomitant with amplification. These signals were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). This method obviates the need to perform extensive DNA purification of reaction products that is often necessary for detecting larger DNA molecules by mass spectrometry. Oligonucleotides complementary to the internal region of the amplicon are degraded by the 5'-3' exonuclease activity and the degradation products are analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry. We refer to this assay as the Exo-taq assay or probe degradation assay. This method should be amenable to automation. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sci & Engn Serv Inc, Burtonsville, MD USA. Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Allman, Steve/A-9121-2011 OI Allman, Steve/0000-0001-6538-7048 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 532 EP 537 DI 10.1002/rcm.939 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 655FD UT WOS:000181539900004 PM 12621614 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Rakov, VS Nikolaev, EN Goshe, MB Anderson, GA Smith, RD AF Belov, ME Rakov, VS Nikolaev, EN Goshe, MB Anderson, GA Smith, RD TI Initial implementation, of external accumulation liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance with automated gain control SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE ASSISTED DISSOCIATION; FTICR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; AFFINITY TAGS; PROTEOMICS; QUADRUPOLE; PROTEINS; PERFORMANCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Capillary liquid chromatography (LC) separation coupled with external accumulation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry has recently been demonstrated to have significant potential for proteomics research. Accumulation of an excessive space charge external to the FTICR cell ion trap has been shown to result in increased mass measurement error, undesirable ion discrimination and/or fragmentation, potentially causing misrepresentation or incorrect assignments of lower abundance peptides in the acquired mass spectra. In this work we report on the capability of data-dependent adjustment of ion accumulation times in the course of LC separations, further referred to as automated gain control (AGC). Three different AGC approaches were evaluated based on the number of putative peptides from a tryptic digest of four casein proteins detected in the course of LC/FTICR separations. When compared with the conventional technique, AGC was found to increase, up to a factor of 3, the total number of peptides identified. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rd_smith@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Nikolaev, Eugene/N-4498-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Nikolaev, Eugene/0000-0001-6209-2068 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA81654] NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 BP 627 EP 636 DI 10.1002/rcm.955 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 660QP UT WOS:000181844100001 PM 12661014 ER PT J AU Prazeller, P Palmer, PT Boscaini, E Jobson, T Alexander, M AF Prazeller, P Palmer, PT Boscaini, E Jobson, T Alexander, M TI Proton transfer reaction ion trap mass spectrometer SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MOLECULE REACTION; PTR-MS; INJECTION; FIELD; AIR; FLUXES; NOISE AB Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry is a relatively new field that has attracted a great deal of interest in the last few years. This technique uses H(3)O(+) as a chemical ionization (CI) reagent to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the parts per billion by volume (ppbv) to parts per trillion by volume (pptv) range. Mass spectra acquired with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) are simple because proton transfer chemical ionization is 'soft' and results in little or no fragmentation. Unfortunately, peak identification can still be difficult due to isobaric interferences. A possible solution to this problem is to couple the PTR drift tube to an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). The use of an ITMS is appealing because of its ability to perform MS/MS and possibly distinguish between isomers and other isobars. Additionally, the ITMS duty cycle is much higher than that of a linear quadrupole so faster data acquisition rates are possible that will allow for detection of multiple compounds. Here we present the first results from a proton transfer reaction ion trap mass spectrometer (PTR-ITMS). The aim of this study was to investigate ion injection and storage efficiency of a simple prototype instrument in order to estimate possible detection limits of a second-generation instrument. Using this prototype a detection limit of 100 ppbv was demonstrated. Modifications are suggested that will enable further reduction in detection limits to the low-ppbv to high-pptv range. Furthermore, the applicability of MS/MS in differentiating between isobaric species was determined. MS/MS spectra of the isobaric compounds methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) are presented and show fragments of different mass making differentiation possible, even when a mixture of both species is present in the same sample. However, MS/MS spectra of acetone and propanal produce fragments with the same molecular masses but with different intensity ratios. This allows quantitative distinction only if one species is predominant. Fragmentation mechanisms are proposed to explain the results. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Alexander, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM michael.alexander@pnl.gov OI Jobson, Bertram/0000-0003-1812-9745; Palmer, Peter/0000-0002-3173-5726 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 14 BP 1593 EP 1599 DI 10.1002/rcm.1088 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 699CY UT WOS:000184039400011 PM 12845585 ER PT J AU Cannon, WR Jarman, KD AF Cannon, WR Jarman, KD TI Improved peptide sequencing using isotope information inherent in tandem mass spectra SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN COMPLEXES; SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM; O-18; ELECTROSPRAY; QUANTITATION; COMBINATION; EXPRESSION; DATABASE AB We demonstrate here the use of natural isotopic 'labels' in peptides to aid in the identification of peptides with a de novo algorithm. Using data from ion trap tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis of 102 tryptic peptides, we have analyzed multiple series of peaks within LCQ MS/MS spectra that 'spell' peptide sequences. Isotopic peaks from naturally abundant isotopes are particularly prominent even after peak centroiding on y- and b-series ions and lead to increased confidence in the identification of the precursor peptides. Sequence analysis of the MS/MS data is accomplished by finding sequences and subsequences in a hierarchical manner within the spectra. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biosci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Math, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cannon, WR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biosci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011; Cannon, William/K-8411-2014 OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212; Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 15 BP 1793 EP 1801 DI 10.1002/rcm.1119 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 704GM UT WOS:000184331000016 PM 12872285 ER PT J AU Iyer, S Olivares, J AF Iyer, S Olivares, J TI Trypsin digestion of proteins on intact immobilized pH gradient strips for surface matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID IN-GEL DIGESTION; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; TISSUE-SECTIONS; PROTEOME; SENSITIVITY; PEPTIDES; CELLS AB Isolelectric focusing (IEF) of proteins on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips is an integral part of two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis-based proteomics. Proteins can be effectively analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) on the intact strip itself, leading to the creation of a virtual 2D map giving pI and MW information, bypassing the second dimension SDS-PAGE. Further, trypsin digestion of proteins on the strip can significantly aid the identification of IPG-separated proteins. However, the small size of the peptides leads to diffusion along and outside the gel matrix. In this study, we describe a simple spray-based procedure to perform 'on-strip' trypsin digestion of proteins embedded in IPG strips. Examination of intact myoglobin and its tryptic peptides shows that post-digestion diffusion of tryptic peptides is significantly minimized using this approach. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olivares, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663,MS J964, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 20 BP 2323 EP 2326 DI 10.1002/rcm.1199 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 731CT UT WOS:000185867500013 PM 14558133 ER PT J AU Maziarz, EP Liu, XM Baker, GA AF Maziarz, EP Liu, XM Baker, GA TI Post-gel permeation chromatography polymer blend analysis from a raster-deposited matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization target SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SIZE-EXCLUSION; POLYDISPERSE POLYMERS; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; MALDI; ELECTROSPRAY; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); FRACTIONATION; SAMPLES C1 Bausch & Lomb Inc, Rochester, NY 14609 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, XM (reprint author), Bausch & Lomb Inc, 1400 N Goodman St, Rochester, NY 14609 USA. RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 21 BP 2450 EP 2454 DI 10.1002/rcm.1211 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 739AR UT WOS:000186320500011 PM 14587092 ER PT J AU Schaaff, TG AF Schaaff, TG TI Metastable ions produced in laser desorption of gold : thiolate cluster compounds SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID ELECTRONIC SHELL STRUCTURE; SIMPLE METAL-CLUSTERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRAGMENTATION; MOLECULES; COLLISIONS; SPECTRA; PHYSICS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schaaff, TG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 22 BP 2567 EP 2570 DI 10.1002/rcm.1242 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 742BL UT WOS:000186495300018 PM 14608630 ER PT J AU Torn, MS Davis, S Bird, JA Shaw, MR Conrad, ME AF Torn, MS Davis, S Bird, JA Shaw, MR Conrad, ME TI Automated analysis of C-13/C-12 ratios in CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon for ecological and environmental applications SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Stable-Isotope-Mass-Spectrometry-Users-Group CY APR, 2003 CL UNIV BRISTOL, ORGAN GEOCHEM UNIT SCH CHEM, BRISTOL, ENGLAND SP Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometry Users Grp HO UNIV BRISTOL, ORGAN GEOCHEM UNIT SCH CHEM ID ISOTOPE RATIOS; ELEVATED CO2; BIODEGRADATION; DELTA-C-13; DIOXIDE; SOIL; TRICHLOROETHENE; HYDROCARBONS; RESPIRATION; GRASSLAND AB Stable carbon isotope ratios (C-13/C-12) are a valuable tool for studying a wide range of environmental processes, including carbon cycling and subsurface microbial activity. Recent advances in automated analysis provide the opportunity to increase greatly the ease and consistency of isotopic analysis. This study evaluated an automated headspace sampler linked to a commercially available CO2 preconcentration system and continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Field sampling and analysis methods are illustrated for delta(13)C of soil respired CO2, from both tracer and natural abundance experiments, and dissolved inorganic carbon from contaminated groundwater. The automated system demonstrated accuracy, precision, and linearity, with standard errors;below 0.1parts per thousand for replicate gas standards run at concentrations varying five-fold. It measured 40 samples per 10-hour run, with concentrations ranging from ppb to percentage levels. In the field, gas samples were injected into nitrogen-filled autosampler vials, thereby allowing use of small sample volumes, control of analyte concentration, and direct analysis by the automated system with no further preparation. A significant linear relationship between standard concentrations and peak area allows for accurate estimates of sample CO2 concentration from the mass spectrometric data. The ability to analyze multiple small-volume samples with minimal off-line preparation should enhance the application of isotopes to well-replicated field experiments for process-level studies and spatial and temporal scaling. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Torn, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010; Bird, Jeffrey/H-8751-2012 OI Bird, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0939-0637 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 23 BP 2675 EP 2682 DI 10.1002/rcm.1246 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 749FP UT WOS:000186908800017 PM 14648907 ER PT J AU Laskin, J Futrell, JH AF Laskin, J Futrell, JH TI Collisional activation of peptide ions in FT-ICR mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999,K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 23 BP 2694 EP 2694 DI 10.1002/mas.10041 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 749FP UT WOS:000186908800020 ER PT S AU Clem, PG Carroll, JF Niehaus, MK Cesarano, J Smay, JE Lewis, JA Lin, SY AF Clem, PG Carroll, JF Niehaus, MK Cesarano, J Smay, JE Lewis, JA Lin, SY BE Pique, A Holmes, AS Dimos, DB TI Materials for freeform fabrication of GHz tunable dielectric photonic crystals SO RAPID PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies CY DEC 03-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res ID PERIODIC STRUCTURES; COMPOSITES AB Photonic crystals are of interest for GHz transmission applications, including rapid switching, GHz filters, and phased-array technology, 3D fabrication by Robocasting enables moldless printing of high solid loading slurries into structures such as the "woodpile" structures used to fabricate dielectric photonic band gap crystals. In this work, tunable dielectric materials were developed and printed into woodpile structures via solid freefrom fabrication (SFF) toward demonstration of tunable photonic crystals. Barium strontium titanate ceramics possess interesting electrical properties including high permittivity, low loss, and high tunability. This paper discusses the processing route and dielectric characterization of (BaxSr1-xTiO3):MgO ceramic composites, toward fabrication of tunable dielectric photonic band gap crystals. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Clem, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-695-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 758 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX10Y UT WOS:000184306500005 ER PT S AU Rader, DJ Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR AF Rader, DJ Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR BE Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Thermophoresis in rarefied gas flows SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP USAF, Univ SO Calif, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PRESSURE PLASMA PROCESSOR; NEAR-WALL REGION; PARTICLE; CONTAMINATION AB Numerical calculations are presented for the thermophoretic force acting on a motionless, spherical particle suspended in a quiescent, rarefied gas between parallel plates of unequal temperature. The rarefied-gas heat flux and temperature profiles are calculated with the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, which provides a time-averaged, spatially resolved approximation to the molecular velocity distribution. A force Green's function is used to calculate the spatial and pressure dependence of the thermophoretic force directly from the computed velocity distribution. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rader, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 663 BP 234 EP 241 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW84R UT WOS:000183372100030 ER PT S AU Garcia, AL Wagner, W AF Garcia, AL Wagner, W BE Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Numerical study of a direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann equation SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP USAF, Univ SO Calif, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; KINETIC-EQUATION; ALGORITHM; GASES AB In this paper we describe a DSMC algorithm for the Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann equation in terms of Markov processes. This provides a unifying framework for both the classical Boltzmann case as well as the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein cases. By numerical experiments we study the sensitivity of the algorithm to the number of simulation particles and to the discretization of the velocity space, when approximating the steady state distribution. C1 LLNL, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA USA. RP Garcia, AL (reprint author), LLNL, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 663 BP 398 EP 405 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW84R UT WOS:000183372100050 ER PT S AU Gallis, MA Roy, CJ Bartel, TJ Payne, JL AF Gallis, MA Roy, CJ Bartel, TJ Payne, JL BE Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Simulation of hypersonic laminar flow validation experiments SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP USAF, Univ SO Calif, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID DIFFERENCE AB Numerical simulations of the flowfield of a Mach 11, Kn 0.02 laminar flow of nitrogen over the forecone of a spherically blunted 25/55 deg. biconic are presented. The numerical simulations are performed with a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and a Navier-Stokes (NS) code. The discrepancies between that measured and calculated surface quantities and their sensitivity to the free stream conditions are examined. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 663 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW84R UT WOS:000183372100054 ER PT S AU Torczynski, JR Gallis, AA Rader, DJ AF Torczynski, JR Gallis, AA Rader, DJ BE Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Using DSMC to compute the force on a particle in a rarefied gas flow SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP USAF, Univ SO Calif, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB An approach is presented to compute the force on a spherical particle in a rarefied flow of a monatomic gas. This approach relies on the development of a Green's function that describes the force on a spherical particle in a delta-function molecular velocity distribution function. The gas-surface interaction model in this development allows incomplete accommodation of energy and tangential momentum. The force from an arbitrary molecular velocity distribution is calculated by computing the moment of the force Green's function in the same way that other macroscopic variables are determined. Since the molecular velocity distribution function is directly determined in the DSMC method, the force Green's function approach can be implemented straightforwardly in DSMC codes. A similar approach yields the heat transfer to a spherical particle in a rarefied gas flow. The force Green's function is demonstrated by application to two problems. First, the drag force on a spherical particle at arbitrary temperature and moving at arbitrary velocity through an equilibrium motionless gas is found analytically and numerically. Second, the thermophoretic force on a motionless particle in a motionless gas with a heat flux is found analytically and numerically. Good agreement is observed in both situations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Torczynski, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 663 BP 662 EP 669 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW84R UT WOS:000183372100082 ER PT S AU Bartel, TJ AF Bartel, TJ BE Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Modelling neutral & plasma chemistry with DSMC SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP USAF, Univ SO Calif, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; SYSTEMS AB The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is a-powerful method for modelling chemically reacting flows. It is a statistical method which simulates the Boltzmann equation by interacting computational particles which represent a large number of a single species type. A statistical problem will occur when trace concentrations are required to be accurately modelled; the traditional strategy is to use more computational particles per cell or simply obtain lower statistics and thus have higher uncertainty for the trace concentrations. A new method, cell based chemistry (CBC), based on an integral balancing concept, allows all chemistry, including trace reactions, to be efficiently modelled in the framework of DSMC. This strategy first separates the collision phase from the reacting phase. Then a strategy is presented which conserves both the collision and reaction frequencies in a consistent manner. The illustrative problem is a chemically reacting glow discharge plasma; the ion concentrations typically are at a 0.1% mole fraction but dominant the physical mechanism of the system. Comparisons will be made to a chlorine plasma in a Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) reference cell with an inductive coil at approximately 20 mtorr system pressure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bartel, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 663 BP 849 EP 856 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW84R UT WOS:000183372100105 ER PT S AU Alexander, FJ Garcia, AL Tartakovsky, DM AF Alexander, FJ Garcia, AL Tartakovsky, DM BE Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Algorithm refinement for Stochastic partial differential equations SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP USAF, Univ SO Calif, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; NONEQUILIBRIUM FLUIDS; COUPLING BOLTZMANN; LENGTH SCALES; HYBRID MODEL; SYSTEMS; FLUCTUATIONS; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB We construct a hybrid particle/continuum algorithm for linear diffusion in the fluctuating hydrodynamic limit. The particles act as independent random walkers and the fluctuating diffusion equation is solved by a finite difference scheme. At the interface between the particle and continuum computations the coupling is by flux matching, and yields exact mass conservation. This approach is an extension of Adaptive Mesh and Algorithm Refinement [J. Comp. Phys. 154 134 (1999)] to stochastic partial differential equations. We present results from a variety of numerical tests, and in all cases the mean and variance of density are obtained correctly by the stochastic hybrid algorithm. A non-stochastic hybrid (i.e.., using only. deterministic continuum fluxes) results in the correct mean density, but the variance is diminished except in particle regions away from the interface. Extensions of the approach to other applications are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alexander, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 663 BP 915 EP 922 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW84R UT WOS:000183372100113 ER PT B AU Greenwood, LR Oliver, BM AF Greenwood, LR Oliver, BM BE Wagemans, J Abderrahim, HA DHondt, P DeRaedt, C TI Retrospective reactor dosimetry for neutron fluence, helium, and boron measurements SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Atom Energy Soc Japan, US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Nucl Soc AB Neutron fluences can be measured and radiation damage parameters determined by analyzing the neutron reaction products in very small samples removed from components of an operating power or research reactor. This process, known as retrospective reactor dosimetry, provides precise neutron exposure parameters for establishing or validating calculations of neutron fluences, helium generation, and radiation damage to reactor materials. Correlation of the neutron fluence and helium data helps to establish and validate models of radiation damage and helium production that are needed to address important issues such as irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking, void swelling, and weld repair of cracks. Results are presented for samples recently obtained from several operating reactors. C1 Pacific NE Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, LR (reprint author), Pacific NE Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-448-0 PY 2003 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1142/9789812705563_0005 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX50P UT WOS:000185511900005 ER PT B AU Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, JP Rorer, DC AF Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, JP Rorer, DC BE Wagemans, J Abderrahim, HA DHondt, P DeRaedt, C TI Radiation dosimetry of the pressure vessel internals of the high flux beam reactor SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Atom Energy Soc Japan, US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Nucl Soc AB In preparation for the eventual decommissioning of the High Flux Beam Reactor after the permanent removal of its fuel elements from the Brookhaven National Laboratory, both measurements and calculations of the decay gamma-ray dose rate have been performed for the reactor pressure vessel and vessel internal structures which included the upper and lower thermal shields, the Transition Plate, and the Control Rod blades. The measurements were made using Red Perspex(TM) polymethyl methacrylate high-level film dosimeters, a Radcal "peanut" ion chamber, and Eberline's high-range ion chamber. To compare with measured gamma-ray dose rates, the Monte Carlo MCNP code and geometric progressive MicroShield code were used to model the gamma-ray transport and dose buildup. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-448-0 PY 2003 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1142/9789812705563_0010 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX50P UT WOS:000185511900010 ER PT B AU Wang, JA Rao, NS AF Wang, JA Rao, NS BE Wagemans, J Abderrahim, HA DHondt, P DeRaedt, C TI Information fusion approach for radiation embrittlement prediction models SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Atom Energy Soc Japan, US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Nucl Soc ID SENSOR AB A new methodology is developed for the prediction of RPV embrittlement that utilizes a combination of domain models and nonlinear estimators including neural networks and nearest neighbor regressions. The Power Reactor Embrittlement Database is used in this study. The results from newly developed nearest neighbor projective fuser indicate that the combined embrittlement predictor achieved about 67.3% and 52.4% reductions in the uncertainties for General Electric Boiling Water Reactor plate and weld data compared to Regulatory Guide 1.99, Revision 2, respectively. The implications of irradiation temperature effects to the development of radiation embrittlement models are then discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-448-0 PY 2003 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1142/9789812705563_0013 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX50P UT WOS:000185511900013 ER PT B AU Hu, JP Rorer, DC Reciniello, RN Holden, NE AF Hu, JP Rorer, DC Reciniello, RN Holden, NE BE Wagemans, J Abderrahim, HA DHondt, P DeRaedt, C TI Optimization of the epithermal neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Atom Energy Soc Japan, US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Nucl Soc AB Clinical trials of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for patients with malignant brain tumor had been carried out for half a decade, using an epithermal neutron beam at the Brookhaven Medical Reactor. The decision to permanently close this reactor in 2000 cut short the efforts to implement a new conceptual design to optimize this beam in preparation for use with possible new protocols. Details of the conceptual design to produce a higher intensity, more forward-directed neutron beam with less contamination from gamma rays, fast and thermal neutrons are presented here for their potential applicability to other reactor facilities. Monte Carlo calculations were used to predict the flux and absorbed dose produced by the proposed design. The results were benchmarked by the dose rate and flux measurements taken at the facility then in use. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hu, JP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-448-0 PY 2003 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1142/9789812705563_0039 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX50P UT WOS:000185511900039 ER PT B AU Griffin, PJ Luker, SM Cooper, PJ Vehar, DW DePriest, KR Holm, CV AF Griffin, PJ Luker, SM Cooper, PJ Vehar, DW DePriest, KR Holm, CV BE Wagemans, J Abderrahim, HA DHondt, P DeRaedt, C TI Characterization of ACRR reference benchmark field SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Atom Energy Soc Japan, US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Nucl Soc AB A high fidelity characterization of the ACRR reference neutron field, a water moderated test reactor, is presented. This characterization includes neutron spectrum uncertainty, covariance matrices, and measured activities for 44 reactions. A least-squares spectrum adjustment was done and showed a chi(2) per degree of freedom of 1.68 when all dosimetry-quality activities were used. This high fidelity spectrum characterization is well documented and is available for testing the consistency of dosimetry-quality cross sections. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffin, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-448-0 PY 2003 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1142/9789812705563_0040 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX50P UT WOS:000185511900040 ER PT B AU Vehar, DW Griffin, PJ Holm, CV AF Vehar, DW Griffin, PJ Holm, CV BE Wagemans, J Abderrahim, HA DHondt, P DeRaedt, C TI The use of robust estimators for reducing uncertainties in thermoluminescence Dosimeter measurements SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Atom Energy Soc Japan, US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Nucl Soc AB Thermoluminescence Dosimeter (TLD) distributions are usually assumed to be normally distributed. Analysis of large TLD data sets shows this assumption to be false, with distributions that exhibit significant low-side tailing. The arithmetic mean therefore may not be the best estimator for the determination of absorbed dose from these measurements. This work suggests that the use of simple robust estimators may substantially reduce measurement uncertainties. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vehar, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-448-0 PY 2003 BP 470 EP 476 DI 10.1142/9789812705563_0058 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX50P UT WOS:000185511900058 ER PT B AU Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, JP Rorer, DC AF Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, JP Rorer, DC BE Wagemans, J Abderrahim, HA DHondt, P DeRaedt, C TI Radiation dosimetry of a graphite moderated Radium-Beryllium source SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Atom Energy Soc Japan, US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Nucl Soc AB The Brookhaven National Laboratory Sigma Pile is a Radium-Beryllium neutron source imbedded in a cube of graphite blocks. The pile is approximately 2.13 m on four sides and is 3.07 m high. Thermo-luminescent dosimeters were used to determine the neutron and gamma-ray dose rates in the pile. Gamma-ray dose rate measurements have also been made in the air outside of the pile, while the Radium-Beryllium neutron source was being withdrawn from the pile. The Monte Carlo code has been used to calculate the coupled neutron-photon transport. Measured dose rates at various locations agreed with the calculated values within 5% to 15%. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-448-0 PY 2003 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1142/9789812705563_0060 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX50P UT WOS:000185511900060 ER PT B AU Holden, NE AF Holden, NE BE Wagemans, J Abderrahim, HA DHondt, P DeRaedt, C TI 2002 review of neutron and non-neutron nuclear data SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Atom Energy Soc Japan, US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Nucl Soc ID FISSION; DECAY AB Review articles are in preparation for the 2003 edition of the CRC's Handbook of Chemistry and Physics dealing with both non-neutron and neutron nuclear data. Highlights include: withdrawal of the claim for discovery of element 118; new measurements of isotopic abundances for many elements; new recommended standards for calibration of gamma-ray energies; new half-life measurements for very short lived, long-lived nuclides and betabeta decay measurements for quasi-stable nuclides; new reassessment of spontaneous fission (sf) half-lives, distinguishing sf decay and cluster decay half-lives and the new cluster-fission decay; charged particle cross sections, (n,p) and (n,alpha) measurements for thermal neutrons incident on light nuclides; new thermal (n,gamma) cross sections and neutron resonance integrals measured. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-448-0 PY 2003 BP 646 EP 653 DI 10.1142/9789812705563_0081 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX50P UT WOS:000185511900081 ER PT B AU Drummond, LA Marques, OA AF Drummond, LA Marques, OA BE Zwieflhofer, W Kreitz, N TI ACTS - A collection of high performing software tools for scientific computing SO REALIZING TERACOMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology CY NOV 04-08, 2002 CL Reading, ENGLAND AB During the past decades there has been a continuous growth in the number of physical and societal problems that have been successfully studied and solved by means of computational modeling and simulation. Further, many new discoveries depend on high performance computer simulations to satisfy their demands for large computational resources and short response time, The Advanced Computational Software (ACTS) Collection brings together a number of general-purpose computational tool development projects funded and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). These tools make it easier for scientific code developers to write high performance applications for parallel computers. They tackle a number of computational issues that are common to a large number of scientific applications, mainly implementation of numerical algorithms, and support for code development, execution and optimization, The ACTS collection promotes code portability, reusability, reduction of duplicate efforts, and tool maturity, This paper presents a brief introduction to the functionality available in ACTS. It also highlight the tools that are in demand by Climate and Weather modelers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Drummond, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,50F MS-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-376-X PY 2003 BP 204 EP 218 DI 10.1142/9789812704832_0016 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCN73 UT WOS:000230326500016 ER PT B AU Ding, C He, Y AF Ding, C He, Y BE Zwieflhofer, W Kreitz, N TI Climate modeling: Coupling component models by MPH for distributed multi-component environment SO REALIZING TERACOMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology CY NOV 04-08, 2002 CL Reading, ENGLAND DE single-component multi-executable (SCME); multi-component single-executable (MCME); multi-component multi-executable (MCME); distributed environment; software integration; MPI; PVM AB Many current large and complex HPC applications use simulation packages built on semi-independent program components developed by different groups or for different purposes. On distributed memory parallel supercomputers, how to perform component-name registration and initialize communications between independent components are among the first critical steps in establishing a distributed multi-component environment. Here we describe MPH, a multi-component hand-shaking library that resolves these tasks in a convenient and consistent way. MPH uses MPI for high performance and supports many PVM functionality. It supports three major parallel integration mechanisms: single-component multi-executable (SCME), multi-component single-executable (MCME), and multicomponent multi-executable (MCME). It is a simple, easy-to-use module for developing practical user codes, or as basis for larger software tools/frameworks. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, NERSC Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ding, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NERSC Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-376-X PY 2003 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1142/9789812704832_0017 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCN73 UT WOS:000230326500017 ER PT S AU Geist, A AF Geist, A BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Progress towards petascale virtual machines SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA AB PVM continues to be a popular software package both for creating personal grids and for building adaptable, fault tolerant applications. We will illustrate this by describing a computational biology environment built on top of PVM that is used by researchers around the world. We will then describe or recent progress in building an even more adaptable distributed virtual machine package called Harness. The Harness project includes research on a scalable, self-adapting core called H2O, and research on fault tolerant MPI. The H2O core can be configured to support distributed web computing like SETI@home, parallel virtual machines like PVM, and OGSA compliant grid environments. The Harness software is being designed to scale to petascale virtual machines. We will describe work at Oak Ridge National Lab on developing algorithms for such petascale virtual machines and the development of a simulator to test these algorithms on simulated 100,000 processor systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geist, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500002 ER PT S AU Gropp, WD AF Gropp, WD BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Future developments in MPI SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gropp, WD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500003 ER PT S AU Lusk, E AF Lusk, E BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Integrating scalable process management into component-based systems software SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA ID PARALLEL PROGRAMS/ AB The Scalable Systems Software Project is exploring the design of a systems software architecture based on separate, replaceable components interacting through publicly defined interfaces. This talk will describe how a scalable process manager has provided the implementation of the process management component of that design. We describe a general, implementation-independent definition of process management and how a scalable process management system was used to provide its implementation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lusk, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500004 ER PT S AU Gropp, WD Lusk, E AF Gropp, WD Lusk, E BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI High-level programming in MPI SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gropp, WD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500007 ER PT S AU Turner, D Oline, A Chen, XH Benjegerdes, T AF Turner, D Oline, A Chen, XH Benjegerdes, T BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Integrating new capabilities into NetPIPE SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA AB The performance of the communication network can greatly affect the ability of scientific applications to make efficient use of the computational power available in high-performance computing systems. Many tools exist for analyzing network performance, but most concentrate on a single layer in the communication subsystem or on one type of network hardware. NetPIPE was developed to provide a complete and consistent set of analytical tools in a flexible framework that can be applied to analyze the message-passing libraries and the native software layers that they run on. Examples are given on how NetPIPE is being enhanced to enable research in channel bonding multiple Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, to analyze InfiniBand hardware and the MPI libraries being developed for it, and to optimize memory copy routines to make SMP message-passing more efficient. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, 327 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM turner@ameslab.gov RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500010 ER PT S AU Leon, EA Maccabe, AB Brightwell, R AF Leon, EA Maccabe, AB Brightwell, R BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI An MPI tool to measure application sensitivity to variation in communication parameters SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA AB This work describes an apparatus which can be used to vary communication performance parameters for MPI applications, and provides a tool to analyze the impact of communication performance on parallel applications. Our tool is based on Myrinet (along with GM). We use an extension of the LogP model to allow greater flexibility in determining the parameter(s) to which parallel applications may be sensitive. We show that individual communication parameters can be independently controlled within a small percentage error. We also present the results of using our tool on a suite of parallel benchmarks. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Leon, EA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 108 EP 111 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500018 ER PT S AU Riesen, R Brightwell, R Maccabe, AB AF Riesen, R Brightwell, R Maccabe, AB BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Measuring MPI latency variance SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA AB Point to point latency and bandwidth measurements are often the first benchmarks run on a new machine or MPI implementation. In this paper we show that the common way of measuring latency hides valuable information about the transmission time characteristics. We introduce a simple benchmark to measure transmission time variance and report on the results from a variety of systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Riesen, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500019 ER PT S AU Pacheco, PS Miller, P Kim, J Leese, T Zabiyaka, Y AF Pacheco, PS Miller, P Kim, J Leese, T Zabiyaka, Y BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Object-oriented NeuroSys: Parallel programs for simulating large networks of biologically accurate neurons SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA ID COMPUTERS AB Object-oriented NeuroSys is a collection of programs for simulating very large networks of biologically accurate neurons on distributed memory parallel computers. It includes two principle programs: ooNeuroSys, a parallel program for solving the systems of ordinary differential equations arising from the modelling of large networks of interconnected neurons, and Neurondiz, a parallel program for visualizing the results of ooNeuroSys. Both programs are designed to be run on clusters and use the MPI library to obtain parallelism. ooNeuroSys also includes an easy-to-use Python interface. This interface allows neuroscientists to quickly develop and test complex neuron models. Both ooNeuroSys and Neurondiz have a design that allows for both high performance and relative ease of maintenance. C1 Univ San Francisco, Dept Comp Sci, Keck Cluster Res Grp, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pacheco, PS (reprint author), Univ San Francisco, Dept Comp Sci, Keck Cluster Res Grp, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 142 EP 151 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500023 ER PT S AU Thakur, R Gropp, WD AF Thakur, R Gropp, WD BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Improving the performance of collective operations in MPICH SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA AB We report on our work on improving the performance of collective operations in MPICH on clusters connected by switched networks. For each collective operation, we use multiple algorithms depending on the message size, with the goal of minimizing latency for short messages and minimizing bandwidth usage for long messages. Although we have implemented new algorithms for all MPI collective operations, because of limited space we describe only the algorithms for allgather, broadcast, reduce-scatter, and reduce. We present performance results using the SKaMPI benchmark on a Myrinet-connected Linux cluster and an IBM SP. In all cases, the new algorithms significantly outperform the old algorithms used in MPICH on the Myrinet cluster, and, in many cases, they outperform the algorithms used in IBM's MPI on the SP. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thakur, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 19 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 257 EP 267 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500038 ER PT S AU Chen, XH Turner, D AF Chen, XH Turner, D BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Efficient message-passing within SMP systems SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA ID PERFORMANCE AB Message-passing libraries have made great strides in delivering a high percentage of the performance that the network hardware offers. There has been much less effort focused on improving the communications between processes within an SMP system. SMP nodes are becoming an integral part of many clusters and MPP systems. These SMP nodes are also growing in size, requiring attention to scalable solutions to passing messages through shared-memory segments. The research presented in this paper will focus on an analysis of the performance of existing message-passing libraries, as well as new methods being evaluated using the MP_Lite message-passing library. The NetPIPE utility is used to provide point-to-point measurements that are backed up by tests with a real application. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, 327 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM turner@ameslab.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 286 EP 293 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500041 ER PT S AU Brightwell, R Underwood, K AF Brightwell, R Underwood, K BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Evaluation of an eager protocol optimization for MPI SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA AB Nearly all implementations of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) employ a two-level protocol for point-to-point messages. Short messages are sent eagerly to optimize for latency, and long messages are typically implemented using a rendezvous mechanism. In a rendezvous implementation, the sender must first send a request and receive an acknowledgment before the data can be transferred. While there are several possible reasons for using this strategy for long messages, most implementations are forced to use a rendezvous strategy due to operating system and/or network limitations. In this paper, we compare an implementation that uses a rendezvous protocol for long messages with an implementation that adds an eager optimization for long messages. We discuss implementation issues and provide a performance comparison for several microbenchmarks. We also present a new micro-benchmark that may provide better insight into how these different protocols effect application performance. Results for this new benchmark indicate that, for larger messages, a significant number of receives must be pre-posted in order for an eager protocol optimization to outperform a rendezvous protocol. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Computat Comp Informat & Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Computat Comp Informat & Math, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 327 EP 334 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500046 ER PT S AU Aulwes, RT Daniel, DJ Desai, NN Graham, RL Risinger, LD Sukalski, MW Taylor, MA AF Aulwes, RT Daniel, DJ Desai, NN Graham, RL Risinger, LD Sukalski, MW Taylor, MA BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Network fault tolerance in LA-MPI SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA AB LA-MPI is a high-performance, network-fault-tolerant implementation of MPI designed for terascale clusters that are inherently unreliable due to their very large number of system components and to trade-offs between cost and performance. This paper reviews the architectural design of LA-MPI, focusing on our approach to guaranteeing data integrity. We discuss our network data path abstraction that makes LA-MPI highly portable, gives high-performance through message striping, and most importantly provides the basis for network fault tolerance. Finally we include some performance numbers for Quadrics Elan, Myrinet CM and UDP network data paths. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aulwes, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663,MS-B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 344 EP 351 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500048 ER PT S AU Almasi, G Archer, C Castanos, JG Gupta, M Martorell, X Moreira, JE Gropp, WD Rus, S Toonen, B AF Almasi, G Archer, C Castanos, JG Gupta, M Martorell, X Moreira, JE Gropp, WD Rus, S Toonen, B BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI MPI on BlueGene/L: Designing an efficient general purpose messaging solution for a large cellular system SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA AB The BlueGene/L computer uses system-on-a-chip integration and a highly scalable 65,536-node cellular architecture to deliver 360 Tflops of peak computing power. Efficient operation of the machine requires a fast, scalable, and standards compliant MPI library. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to port the MPICH2 library to BlueGene/L. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. IBM Syst Grp, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Almasi, G (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RI Martorell, Xavier/G-6120-2015; OI Martorell, Xavier/0000-0002-0417-3430; Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 352 EP 361 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500049 ER PT S AU Pfeiffer, P Scott, SL Shukla, H AF Pfeiffer, P Scott, SL Shukla, H BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI ORNL-RSH package and windows '03 PVM 3.4 SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA C1 E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pfeiffer, P (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Box 70711, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 388 EP 394 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500053 ER PT S AU Ross, R Miller, N Gropp, WD AF Ross, R Miller, N Gropp, WD BE Dongarra, J Laforenza, D Orlando, S TI Implementing fast and reusable datatype processing SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Users Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CaFoscari Univ Venice, Dept Comp Sic, CNR Informat Sci & Technologies Inst, Hewlett Packard, Sun Microsyst, Microsoft, US Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, Critical Software, DATAMAT SpA ID BENCHMARK AB Methods for describing structured data are a key aid in application development. The MPI standard defines a system for creating "MPI types" at run time and using these types when passing messages, performing RMA operations, and accessing data in files. Similar capabilities are available in other middleware. Unfortunately many implementations perform poorly when processing these structured data types. This situation leads application developers to avoid these components entirely, instead performing any necessary data processing by hand. In this paper we describe an internal representation of types and a system for processing this representation that helps maintain the highest possible performance during processing. The performance of this system, used in the MPICH2 implementation, is compared to well-written manual processing routines and other available MPI implementations. We show that performance for most tested types is comparable to manual processing. We identify additional opportunities for optimization and other software where this implementation can be leveraged. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rross@mcs.an1.gov; neillm@mcs.an1.gov; gropp@mcs.an1.gov RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20149-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2840 BP 404 EP 413 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY06Q UT WOS:000187497500055 ER PT J AU Song, XD Shi, J Swanson, BI AF Song, XD Shi, J Swanson, BI TI Direct fluorescence-based detection methods for multivalent interactions SO RECOGNITION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS PT A: GENERAL PROCEDURES SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PROTEIN TOXINS; BINDING; BIOSENSOR; RECEPTOR; AVIDIN; ASSAY C1 Kimberly Clark Inc, Corp Emerging Technol, Roswell, GA 30076 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Song, XD (reprint author), Kimberly Clark Inc, Corp Emerging Technol, 1400 Holcomb Bridge Rd, Roswell, GA 30076 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2003 VL 362 BP 523 EP 542 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BX38T UT WOS:000185102400035 PM 12968386 ER PT S AU Tanner, DM Dugger, MT AF Tanner, DM Dugger, MT BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI Wear mechanisms in a reliability methodology SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE MEMS reliability; reliability methodology; failures; wear in humid environments; wear; wear maps ID SURFACE MICROMACHINED MICROENGINE; FRICTION; SILICON AB The main thrust in any reliability work is identifying failure modes and mechanisms. This is especially true for the new technology of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). The methods are sometimes just as important as the results achieved. This paper will review some of the methods developed specifically for MEMS. Our methodology uses statistical characterization and testing of complex MEMS devices to help us identify dominant failure modes. We strive to determine the root cause of each failure mode and to gain a fundamental understanding of that mechanism. Test structures designed to be sensitive to a particular failure mechanism are typically used to gain understanding. The development of predictive models follows from this basic understanding. This paper will focus on the failure mechanism of wear and how our methodology was exercised to provide a predictive model. The MEMS device stressed in these studies was a Sandia-developed microengine with orthogonal electrostatic linear actuators connected to a gear on a hub. The dominant failure mechanism was wear in the sliding/contacting regions. A sliding beam-on-post test structure was also used to measure friction coefficients and wear morphology for different surface coatings and environments. Results show that a predictive model of failure-time as a function of drive frequency based on wear fits the functional form of the reliability data quite well, and demonstrates the benefit of a fundamental understanding of wear. The results also show that while debris of similar chemistry and morphology was created in the two types of devices, the dependence of debris generation on the operating environment was entirely different. The differences are discussed in terms of wear maps for ceramics, and the mechanical and thermal contact conditions in each device. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tanner, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1081, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 22 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.476345 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500006 ER PT S AU Scott, M AF Scott, M BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI MEMS and MOEMS for national security applications SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE MOEMS; MEMS; microsystems; national security; Defense; market strategy; commercialization roadmap AB Major opportunities for microsystem insertion into commercial applications, such as telecommunications and medical prosthesis, are well known. Less well known are applications that ensure the security of our nation, the protection of its armed forces, and the safety of its citizens. Microsystems enable entirely new possibilities to meet National Security needs, which can be classed along three lines: anticipating security needs and threats, deterring the efficacy of identified threats, and defending against the application of these threats. In each of these areas, specific products that are enabled by MEMS and MOEMS are discussed. In the area of anticipating needs and threats, sensored microsystems designed for chem/bio/nuclear threats, and sensors for border and asset protection can significantly secure our borders, ports, and transportation systems. Key features for these applications include adaptive optics and spectroscopic capabilities. Microsystems to monitor soil and water quality can be used to secure critical infrastructure, food safety can be improved by in-situ identification of pathogens, and sensored buildings can ensure the architectural safety of our homes and workplaces. A challenge to commercializing these opportunities, and thus making them available for National Security needs, is developing predictable markets and predictable technology roadmaps. The integrated circuit manufacturing industry provides an example of predictable technology maturation and market insertion, primarily due to the existence of a "unit cell" that allows volume manufacturing. It is not clear that microsystems can follow an analogous path. The possible paths to affordable low-volume production, as well as the prospects of a microsystems unit cell, are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Sci Technol & Components Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scott, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Sci Technol & Components Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP XXXVII EP XLIV PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500003 ER PT S AU Plass, R Walraven, JA Tanner, DM Sexton, FW AF Plass, R Walraven, JA Tanner, DM Sexton, FW BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI Anodic oxidation-induced delamination of the SUMMiT (TM) Poly 0 to silicon nitride interface SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE MEMS; anodic; oxidation; delamination; failure; mechanism ID MEMS AB Anodic oxidation can be a catastrophic failure mechanism for MEMS devices that operate in high humidity environments. Shea and coworkers(1) have shown that positively charged polysilicon traces can fail through a progressive silicon oxidation reaction whose rate depends critically on the surface conductivity over the silicon nitride. We have found a related anodic oxidation-based failure mechanism: progressive delamination of Poly 0 electrodes from silicon nitride layers, which then mechanically interfere with device function well before the electrode is fully oxidized. To explain this effect, we propose that the silicon oxide which initially forms at the electrode edge has insufficient strength to hold the local Poly 0 / silicon nitride interface together. This low-density silicon oxide also creates a bilayer system, which curls the edge of the 300 nm thick Poly 0 electrode away from the nitride. As delamination progresses more nitride surface is exposed and more of the interface is then attacked. This process continues cyclically until the electrode edge pushes against other device components, catastrophically and irreversibly interfering with normal operation. Additionally, we observe that the delamination only starts at electrode edges directly under cantilevers, suggesting the oxidation rate also depends on the perpendicular electric field strength. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Radiat & Reliabil Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Plass, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Radiat & Reliabil Phys Dept, MS 1081,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.476366 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500011 ER PT S AU Walraven, JA Jokiel, B AF Walraven, JA Jokiel, B BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI Failure analysis of a multi-degree-of-freedom spatial microstage SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab AB Spatial microstages are microfabricated controlled platforms that can be "popped-out" of the fabrication plane and are free to move in three-dimensional (3D) space. Spatial microstages have shown promise for use in MOEMS for adaptive optics, automatic focusing systems, fiber optic alignment/precision positioning, real time optical alignment, interconnects, and a host of other applications. These devices were designed and fabricated to position a controllable stage in 3D space from microassembly and microfabrication [1]. Microstages can be designed and fabricated to move in plane (x, y) and out of plane (z). Advanced microstages are designed to move in plane, out-of-plane, rotate, and tilt about x, y, and z. Design and fabrication of the rotational and tilt components are critical in performing the three-dimensional "pop-up" and tilting action needed for precise micropositioning. The device used for analysis contains linear racks driven by electrostatic actuators. The actuators are attached to a microstage through a hinge component with revolving, rotating, and tilting joints. The actuators allow x, y, and z positioning while the hinge allows rotational motion along the stage. Failure analysis of the Sandia fabricated microstage was performed on released and as-fabricated microstages. Failure analysis of these devices revealed design and fabrication irregularities along the revolving components of the hinge. This paper will discuss the design and functionality of the microstage, failure analysis activities and failure mechanisms found in polysilicon fabricated microstages, corrective actions and design improvements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Failure Anal, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Walraven, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Failure Anal, POB 5800,MS 1081, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.478207 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500013 ER PT S AU Dugger, MT Hohlfelder, RJ Peebles, DE AF Dugger, MT Hohlfelder, RJ Peebles, DE BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI Degradation of monolayer lubricants for MEMS SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE friction; monolayer; lubricant; self-assembled monolayer; radiation; contact angle ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with high out-of-plane stiffness are less susceptible to adhesion than more compliant structures, but reliable operation of sliding contacts still requires surfaces that exhibit adequate friction and wear performance after long periods of storage. Alkylsilane monolayers are popular surface treatments for silicon devices, and there has been some research to understand the performance of monolayers as a function of environment. However, there have been limited investigations of the tribological behavior of these surface treatments after exposure to harsh environments. There is a need to quantitatively determine the effects of storage environments on the performance of MEMS interfaces, rather than verifying device functionality alone. To this end, surface micromachined (SMM) structures that contain isolated tribological contacts have been used to investigate interface performance of alkylsilane monolayers after storage in inert environments, and after exposure to a variety of thermal and radiation environments. Results show that both octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) and perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFTS) exhibit little change in hydrophobicity or friction after Co-60 radiation exposures at a total dose of up to 500 krad. However, exposure to temperature cycles consistent with packaging technologies, in the presence of low levels of water vapor, produces degradation of hydrophobicity and increase in static friction for ODTS films while producing no significant degradation in PFTS films. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dugger, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0889, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 138 EP 150 DI 10.1117/12.478194 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500017 ER PT S AU Boyce, BL AF Boyce, BL BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI Fatigue of LIGA nickel SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE LIGA; MEMS; fatigue; persistent slip bands; reliability ID MICROSYSTEMS AB Several applications of metallic MEMS devices require that the component can endure cyclic stresses. Mechanisms for fatigue failure may be altered at length scales where the size of the component becomes comparable with the microstructure. For this reason, it is necessary to characterize the fatigue performance of MEMS-scale structures and understand the role of microstructure on potential failure modes. A new specimen configuration has been designed which allows for simple gripping and actuation using a fixed-free beam in bending. The cross-section of the beam is tapered to create a finite width gage section of constant maximum stress, as can be derived from elastic beam theory. This method has been applied to characterize the fatigue behavior of LIGA Nickel with a nominal cross-section of 26x260 microns, replicating the dimensions of a potential accelerometer device. The common stress-life approach was used to characterize the number of cycles to failure for a range of applied cyclic stresses. We found that the stress-life curve was similar to what has been observed for conventional Nickel. The endurance limit (defined in this study as the stress required to cause failure in similar to10M cycles, below which the device has practically infinite life) was found to be 35-40% of the ultimate tensile strength. The surface condition of specimens at various stages in the fatigue life, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, revealed that failure initiated as microcracks within localized persistent slip bands (PSBs). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boyce, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, POB 5800,MS 0889, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.472732 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500020 ER PT S AU Tanner, DM Owen, AC Rodriguez, F AF Tanner, DM Owen, AC Rodriguez, F BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI Resonant frequency method for monitoring MEMS fabrication SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE comb-drive resonator; monitoring tool; resonant frequency measurement; parametric testing tool AB MEMS surface-micromachining fabrication requires the use of many different tools to deposit thin-films, precisely define patterns using typical photolithography, and perform etching processes. As with any fabrication process there is inherent variation, which is acceptable when controlled within suitable limits. The ability to monitor and respond to this variation is paramount in maintaining a viable fabrication process. Electrostatic comb-drive resonators are candidate test structures used to validate uniformity in the MEMS fabrication process. Although directly dependent on mass and spring constant, a measure of their resonant frequencies generally provides a good indicator of both process repeatability and geometric variation. In this study, sets of five graduated comb-drive resonator structures, located at each die on a 1/4 wafer, were stimulated to resonant frequency using the "blur envelope" technique. This technique facilitates fast, straightforward, and repeatable resonant frequency measurements usually with a resolution of approximately 50-100 Hz. Wafer maps of resonant frequency versus die position for a 1/4 wafer reveal a pattern with comb-drive resonator devices exhibiting highest resonant frequencies at the center and lowest at the perimeter of the wafer. Using a numerical model, coupled with discrete geometric measurements, a method was developed which links resonant frequency to fabrication parameters. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tanner, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS-1081, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1117/12.478201 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500026 ER PT S AU Resnick, PJ Hankins, MG AF Resnick, PJ Hankins, MG BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI Diffusive transport in supercritical CO2 drying of MEMS structures SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE MEMS; diffusion; Supercritical; CO2; drying; stiction AB Supercritical CO2 drying has been shown to be an effective method for drying complex MEMS structures with little or no stiction. This process typically involves transferring released parts from ultrapure water into a solvent, such as methanol, that is miscible with liquid CO2, and subsequently displacing the methanol with liquid CO2. During this process sequence, transport of methanol into and out of the tortuous pathways of the MEMS device is dominated by diffusion. The non-steady state diffusion equation (Fick's second law) with length scales relevant to MEMS structures can be applied to understand the speed at which diffusion occurs. This analysis indicates that diffusion of methanol into the pathways of a MEMS device occurs very rapidly, typically on the order of minutes. Experimental data are consistent with the rapid diffusion hypothesis. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Resnick, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1117/12.478208 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500027 ER PT S AU Hankins, MG Resnick, PJ Clews, PJ Mayer, TM Wheeler, DR Tanner, DM Plass, RA AF Hankins, MG Resnick, PJ Clews, PJ Mayer, TM Wheeler, DR Tanner, DM Plass, RA BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI Vapor deposition of amino-functionalized self-assembled monolayers on MEMS SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE micromachines; MEMS; self-assembled monolayers; SAMS; stiction; atomic layer deposition ID STICTION; FILMS AB In the fabrication of MEMS devices, what has come to be known as "release stiction" occurs when the device is removed from the liquid phase into the ambient air. One widely used method for dealing with stiction is to deposit a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the device before it is removed from the liquid phase. This method can produce coatings with inconsistent morphology and device yield. This is to be compared with a new coating deposition scheme developed at Sandia National Labs, termed VSAMS (vapor-deposited self-assembled monolayers) that employs supercritical CO2 drying and chemical vapor deposition to address many of the concerns associated with release stiction. VSAMS is attractive due to its process benefits, which include increased throughput, reduced waste, and most importantly, it can be easily scaled to full wafer production. It is also attractive because films produced by this method are uniform and very hydrophobic. The deposition step makes use of a class of compound that is particularly suited for vapor phase reactions, arnino-functionalized silanes. The yield of microengine test devices coated with films made from amino-functionalized silanes was examined over an extended period. Their function was determined before and after the application of VSAMS. The advantage of using amino-functionalized silane precursors for VSAMS is related to the strength of the bond between the film and the polysilicon surface as evidenced by the fact that films made with these precursors are stable across the entire humidity scale. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hankins, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.478206 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500028 ER PT S AU Custer, JS AF Custer, JS BE Ramesham, R Tanner, DM TI MEMS packaging efforts at Sandia National Laboratories SO RELIABILITY, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS II CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE packaging; MEMS; microsystems; reliability ID SILICON MICROPACKAGE; FABRICATION; TECHNOLOGY; PRESSURE; SENSORS; LAYERS; FILMS AB Sandia National Laboratories has programs covering a broad range of MEMS technologies from LIGA to bulk to surface micromachining. These MEMS technologies are being considered for an equally broad range of applications, including sensors, actuators, optics, and microfluidics. As these technologies have moved from the research to the prototype product stage, packaging has been required to develop new capabilities to integrated MEMS and other technologies into functional microsystems. This paper discusses several of Sandia's MEMS packaging efforts, focusing mainly on inserting Sandia's SUMMi(TM)V (5-level polysilicon) surface micromachining technology into fieldable microsystems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Custer, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1076,Org 1745,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4780-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4980 BP 248 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.476331 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW40C UT WOS:000181863500029 ER PT S AU Moskowitz, PD Pomerville, J Gavrilov, S Kisselev, V Danilyan, V Belikov, A Egorkin, A Sokolovski, Y Endregard, M Krosshavn, M Sundling, CV Yokstad, H AF Moskowitz, PD Pomerville, J Gavrilov, S Kisselev, V Danilyan, V Belikov, A Egorkin, A Sokolovski, Y Endregard, M Krosshavn, M Sundling, CV Yokstad, H BE Sarkisov, AA LeSage, LG TI Automated radiological monitoring at a Russian ministry of defence naval site SO REMAINING ISSUES IN THE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWERED VESSELS: INCLUDING ISSUES RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION OF THE SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Scientific Problems and Unresolved Issues Remaining in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Powered Vessels CY APR 22-24, 2002 CL RUSSIAN ACAD SCI PRESIDIUM, MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci & Environm Affairs Div, Russian Acad Sci, US DOE, Russian Navy, Minist Ind & Sci Russia HO RUSSIAN ACAD SCI PRESIDIUM AB The Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC) Program is a cooperative effort between the military establishments of the Kingdom of Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States. This paper discusses joint activities conducted over the past year among Norwegian, Russian, and U.S. technical experts on a project to develop, demonstrate and implement automated radiological monitoring at Russian Navy facilities engaged in the dismantlement of nuclear-powered strategic ballistic missile launching submarines. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Moskowitz, PD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-1354-X J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2003 VL 22 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX20F UT WOS:000184582600018 ER PT S AU Earle, OK AF Earle, OK BE Sarkisov, AA LeSage, LG TI Options for the handling and storage of nuclear vessel spent fuel SO REMAINING ISSUES IN THE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWERED VESSELS: INCLUDING ISSUES RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION OF THE SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Scientific Problems and Unresolved Issues Remaining in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Powered Vessels CY APR 22-24, 2002 CL RUSSIAN ACAD SCI PRESIDIUM, MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci & Environm Affairs Div, Russian Acad Sci, US DOE, Russian Navy, Minist Ind & Sci Russia HO RUSSIAN ACAD SCI PRESIDIUM AB There are many options for the handling and storage of spent nuclear fuel from naval vessels. This paper summarizes the options that are available and explores the issues that are involved. In many cases choices have been made, not on the basis of which is the best engineering solution or the most cost-effective, but based on the political realities involved. For example, currently it seems that the most prevalent solution for spent fuel interim storage is in dual-purpose (transport-storage) casks. These casks are robust and, politically, they offer the visible evidence that the fuel is 'road-ready' to be moved from the local area where the fuel is being stored in the interim. However, dual-purpose casks are the most expensive of the storage mediums. Drywell storage (storage in below grade or bermed pipes), on the other hand, the least expensive and most flexible storage option, suffers from an image of permanence (not politically acceptable) and from being improperly implemented in the past. Though these issues are easily resolved from a technical perspective, the option is often not seriously considered because of this past history. It wasn't too many years ago that spent fuel pools were the storage medium of choice. The pools were never intended for long term storage. As the ultimate disposal path for spent nuclear fuel (processing, repository) became bogged down, however, fuel remained stored in the pools for much longer than intended. Strategies (re-racking, consolidation) were employed to lengthen the storage life of the pools. In some cases, inadequate attention was paid to the wet storage and significant fuel degradation occurred. Pools were then unloaded into dual-purpose or storage only casks as required. It seems that decisions on spent fuel historically have been short sighted. It is time that the spent fuel situation needs to be evaluated for the long term from a systems perspective. Criteria for the evaluation must consider technical acceptability, safety, flexibility (especially in storage times, fuel condition and fuel types), active monitoring, costs, security, and, of course, political realities. It is the sense of this author that the political issues may be resolved if a reasoned complete approach is demonstrated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Earle, OK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-1354-X J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2003 VL 22 BP 285 EP 295 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX20F UT WOS:000184582600030 ER PT S AU Balick, LK Jeffery, CA Henderson, B AF Balick, LK Jeffery, CA Henderson, B BE Owe, M DUrso, G Toulios, L TI Turbulence induced spatial variation of surface temperature in high resolution thermal IR satellite imagery SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems and Hydrology IV CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE ID SOIL-MOISTURE; EVAPORATION AB Atmospheric eddies cause transient spatial and temporal variations of surface temperature and can limit the precision of satellite surface temperature retrievals. If a thermal IR sensor has sufficiently high spatial resolution, the effects of these transient changes of temperature will be seen as variations of the thermal spatial pattern. Nine thermal IR images of a uniform emissivity area on Mauna Loa caldera are carefully compared to document spatial differences between them. These images were obtained from the Dept. of Energy Multispectral Thermal Imager satellite at about 20m GSD. Spatial patterns with a 1C - 6C magnitude are present but not repeated in any of the images. In order to better understand the characteristics and impact of turbulence induced temperature fluctuations for quantitative remote thermal IR sensing, an effort to model the spatial variation of surface temperature as driven by turbulent energy fluxes has been initiated. Stochastic models initially examined showed a close coupling between surface temperature and turbulent fluxes but were not successful. Traditional energy balance models used in this type of simulation are insufficient to model skin temperature because of the importance of the skin layer and its small depth compared to soil depths used in the models. A new treatment based on surface renewal theory is introduced. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balick, LK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, M-S C323,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4661-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4879 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1117/12.462447 PG 10 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW50D UT WOS:000182227200023 ER PT S AU Wilson, MD Ustin, SL Rocke, DM AF Wilson, MD Ustin, SL Rocke, DM BE Ehlers, M TI Comparison of support vector machine classification to partial least squares dimension reduction with logistic discrimination of hyperspectral data SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications and Geology CY SEP 23-26, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE support vector machines; partial least squares; logistic discrimination; reflectance; hyperspectral; heavy metals ID SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS AB Remote sensing technologies with high spatial and spectral resolution show a great deal of promise in addressing critical environmental monitoring issues, but the ability to analyze and interpret the data lags behind the technology. Robust analytical methods are required before the wealth of data available through remote sensing can be applied to a wide range of environmental problems for which remote detection is the best method. In this study we compare the classification effectiveness of two relatively new techniques on data consisting of leaf-level reflectance from plants that have been exposed to varying levels of heavy metal toxicity. If these methodologies work well on leaf-level data, then there is some hope that they will also work well on data from airborne and space-borne platforms. The classification methods compared were support vector machine (SVM) classification of exposed and nonexposed plants based on the reflectance data, and partial least squares compression of the reflectance data followed by classification using logistic discrimination (PLS/LD). PLS/LD was performed in two ways. We used the continuous concentration data as the response during compression, and then used the binary response required during logistic discrimination. We also used a binary response (-1 for non-exposed, and 1 for exposed) during compression followed by logistic discrimination. The statistic we used to compare the effectiveness of the methodologies was the leave-one-out cross validation estimate of the prediction error. PLS/LD using binary predictor variables during compression had the lowest estimated prediction error for the data analyzed here. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Wilson, MD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Rocke, David/I-7044-2013; OI Rocke, David/0000-0002-3958-7318; Wilson, Machelle/0000-0003-1734-2755 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4668-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4886 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.1117/12.463169 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW50F UT WOS:000182227700052 ER PT S AU Bollen, J Luce, R Vemulapalli, S Xu, WN AF Bollen, J Luce, R Vemulapalli, S Xu, WN BE Koch, T Solvberg, IT TI Detecting research trends in digital library readership SO RESEARCH AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries CY AUG 17-22, 2003 CL TRONDHEIM, NORWAY SP ABM, BIBSYS, ERCIM, NFR, Nordic Council Sci Informat, Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Comp & Informat Sci, SINTEF Telecom & Informat, Sun Microsyst AB The research interests and preferences of the reader communities associated to any given digital library may change over the course of years. It is vital for digital library services and collection management to be informed of such changes, and to determine how they may point to future trends. We propose the Impact Discrepancy Ratio metric for the detection of research trends in a large digital library by comparing a reader-defined metric of journal impact to the Institute for Scientific Information Impact Factor (ISI IF) over the course of three years. An analysis for the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Research Library (RL) comparing reader impact to the ISI IF for 1998 and 2001 indicates journals relating to climatology have undergone a sharp increase in local impact. This evolution pinpoints specific shifts in the local strategies and reader interests of the LANL RL which were qualitatively validated by LANL RL management. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bollen, J (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40726-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2769 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX65E UT WOS:000185995400003 ER PT B AU Ahmed, S Thompson, RB Panetta, PD AF Ahmed, S Thompson, RB Panetta, PD BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI A formal approach to include multiple scattering in the estimation of ultrasonic backscattered signals SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID ELASTIC-WAVE-PROPAGATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SHEAR-WAVES; MEDIA AB An ultrasonic wave propagating through a microscopically inhomogeneous medium, such as polycrystalline materials, is subject to scattering at the grain boundaries. The fraction of energy removed from the incident wave is responsible for important phenomenon like attenuation, dispersion, and background "noise" associated with a given ultrasonic inspection system. Since the backscattered signals tend to mask the signals from small and subtle defects, the estimation of probability of detection of such defects requires the quantitative description of these signals. Although considerable attention has been given to the understanding of mean propagation characteristics of an ultrasonic beam, until recently there have been relatively little efforts devoted towards rigorous treatments of backscattered signals. In this research, we attempt to include some degree of multiple scattering in the calculation of the backscattered signals by developing a formalism that relates mean wave propagation characteristics to the noise. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 79 EP 84 PN A&B PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500009 ER PT B AU Ahmed, S Thompson, RB Panetta, PD AF Ahmed, S Thompson, RB Panetta, PD BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Ultrasonic attenuation as influenced by elongated grains SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID ELASTIC-WAVE-PROPAGATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SHEAR-WAVES; SCATTERING; MEDIA AB Reliable nondestructive evaluation of structural/machine components fabricated from polycrystalline materials require the knowledge of attenuation and dispersion of an ultrasonic wave propagating through such microscopically inhomogeneous medium. Expected propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in randomly oriented equiaxed grains are relatively well understood. But when the grains are elongated and/or preferentially oriented, the wave propagation constants exhibit anisotropic behavior. The authors have published a number of research articles on propagation of ultrasonic waves in materials with macroscopic texture and elongated grains. The present paper sheds more light on the effect of grain shape on the attenuation and dispersion of ultrasonic waves in polycrystals. Specifically, theoretical results are presented showing the effects of different grain aspect ratios. It is observed that for the same effective grain volume, grain elongation has smaller effect on attenuation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 109 EP 116 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500013 ER PT B AU Gopalsami, N Kanareykin, DB Asanov, V Bakhtiari, S Raptis, AC AF Gopalsami, N Kanareykin, DB Asanov, V Bakhtiari, S Raptis, AC BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Microwave radar detection of gas pipeline leaks SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV AB We are developing a microwave radar sensing and imaging system to detect and locate gas leaks in natural gas pipelines. The underlying detection principle is radar backscattering from the index-of-refraction inhomogeneities introduced by the dispersion of methane in air. An essential first step in the development effort is modeling to estimate the radar cross section. This paper describes the modeling results and the experimental efforts underway to validate the model. For the case of leaks from small holes in a pressurized gas pipeline, we modeled the gas dynamics of the leak jet to determine the plume geometry and the variation of methane concentration in air as a function of distance from the leak source. From the static and dynamic changes in the index of refraction in the turbulent plume, the radar backscatter cross sections were calculated. The results show that the radar cross sections of the leak plumes should be detectable by special-purpose radars. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 478 EP 484 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500061 ER PT B AU Sun, JG Verrilli, MJ Stephan, R Barnett, TR Ojard, G AF Sun, JG Verrilli, MJ Stephan, R Barnett, TR Ojard, G BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nondestructive evaluation of ceramic matrix composite combustor components SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV AB Combustor liners fabricated from a SiC/SiC composite were nondestructively interrogated before and after combustion rig testing by X-ray, ultrasonic and thermographic techniques. In addition, mechanical test results were obtained from witness coupons, representing the as-manufactured liners, and from coupons machined from the components after combustion exposure. Thermography indications were found to correlate with reduced material properties obtained after rig testing. The thermography indications in the SiC/SiC liners were delaminations and damaged fiber tows, as determined through microstructural examinations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1011 EP 1018 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500131 ER PT B AU Panetta, PD Francini, B Morra, M Alers, GA Johnson, K AF Panetta, PD Francini, B Morra, M Alers, GA Johnson, K BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Characterization of plastically deformed steel utilizing EMAT ultrasonic velocity mearurements SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID TEXTURE AB There is a desire to characterize plastically deformed regions in structures to monitor their integrity. Of particular importance is the accurate prediction of the lifetime of damaged pipelines due to outside force. In order to accurately predict the remaining life it is essential to accurately determine the degree stress and strain in the damaged region for input into fracture mechanics models. Currently, determination of the degree of stress and strain in damaged regions utilizing ultrasonic velocity measurements is complicated by the inherent texture in the materials and the difficulty in separating these effects from the stress and strain contributions. We will report ultrasonic velocity measurements on plastically deformed steel specimens to elucidate the state of damage. Specifically, we have found the shear wave birefringence and SH wave velocity are sensitive to the degree of plastic deformation. Ultrasonic results will be compared with finite element modeling calculation of the stress and strain distributions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Panetta, PD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1516 EP 1522 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500197 ER PT B AU Greenwood, MS Brodsky, A Burgess, L Bond, LJ AF Greenwood, MS Brodsky, A Burgess, L Bond, LJ BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Using ultrasonic diffraction grating spectroscopy to characterize fluids and slurries SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID LIGHT-REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY AB In ultrasonic diffraction grating spectroscopy, the grating surface is in contact with the liquid or slurry. The ultrasonic beam, traveling in the solid, strikes the back of the grating and produces a transmitted m = 1 beam in the liquid. The angle of this beam in the liquid changes with frequency and the so-called critical frequency occurs when the angle is 90degrees. At this point, the signal of the reflected to = 0 wave-the signal observed in the experiment-increases and this increase is used to characterize the liquid or slurry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1637 EP 1643 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500213 ER PT B AU Panetta, PD Tucker, BJ Pappas, RA Ahmed, S AF Panetta, PD Tucker, BJ Pappas, RA Ahmed, S BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Characterization of solid liquid suspensions utilizing ultrasonic measurements SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID SCATTERING; SOUND AB Rapid, on-line determination of particle size and concentration is required for the efficient process measurement and control of many processes in government and industrial applications such as waste remediation for the Department of Energy sites and process control for chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing. However, existing methods based on ultrasonic attenuation can become inaccurate for highly concentrated suspensions due to careful transducer alignment and the complicated mathematics required to describe multiple scattering, which controls the attenuation. Two measurements that help to overcome these difficulties are the ultrasonic backscattering and diffuse field. Backscattering is attractive because the single scattering theories typically used to describe backscattering are mathematically simpler than attenuation theories and lend themselves to more stable inversion processes. Also, the measurements of backscattering and diffuse fields do not require long travel distances and can be made with a single transducer thus eliminating alignment problems. We will present ultrasonic measurements on solid liquid suspensions designed to elucidate the particle size and concentration at high concentrations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Panetta, PD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1644 EP 1650 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500214 ER PT B AU Morra, M Bond, LJ Golcar, GR AF Morra, M Bond, LJ Golcar, GR BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI An ultrasonic meter to characterize degree of fouling and cleaning in reverse osmosis filters SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID PROCESS ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY AB The development of prognostic capabilities that predict the condition and remaining service life for key industrial systems has the potential to significantly impact performance and the economics of operation for both current and next generation plants. This paper describes an on-line real-time ultrasonic meter that can be used to monitor both fouling and cleaning in reverse osmosis filters. It provides a measure for the degree of fouling. A suit of ultrasonic transducers is mounted to operate through the filter-housing wall on a pilot-scale service water system. A "Degree of Fouling" index is given during both fouling and cleaning for the filters during operation for processing of saline solutions (simulated sea and brackish waters) and solids contamination. The fouling index is transmitted to a central computer where it is integrated in a system level prognostic algorithm. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Morra, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1673 EP 1680 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500218 ER PT B AU Nakagawa, N Inanc, F Thompson, RB Junker, WR Ruddy, FH Beatty, JM Arlia, NG AF Nakagawa, N Inanc, F Thompson, RB Junker, WR Ruddy, FH Beatty, JM Arlia, NG BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI On-line nde for advanced reactor designs SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV AB This expository paper introduces the concept of on-line sensor methodologies for monitoring the integrity of components in next generation power systems, and explains general benefits of the approach, while describing early conceptual developments of suitable NDE methodologies. The paper first explains the philosophy behind this approach (i.e. the design-for-inspectability concept). Specifically, we describe where and how decades of accumulated knowledge and experience in nuclear power system maintenance are utilized in Generation IV power system designs, as the designs are being actively developed, in order to advance their safety and economy. Second, we explain that Generation IV reactor design features call for the replacement of the current outage-based maintenance by on-line inspection and monitoring. Third, the model-based approach toward design and performance optimization of on-line sensor systems, using electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and radiation detectors, will be explained. Fourth, general types of NDE inspections that are considered amenable to on-line health monitoring will be listed. Fifth, we will describe specific modeling developments to be used for radiography, EMAT UT, and EC detector design studies. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nakagawa, N (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1728 EP 1734 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500225 ER PT J AU Benenson, RE Bai, JM Gibson, WM AF Benenson, RE Bai, JM Gibson, WM TI Transmission of x-ray polarization through glass capillary fibers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Synchrotron radiation beams at energies of 7, 8, and 11.5 keV were transmitted through straight and bent capillary fibers of the type used to focus or collimate x rays. The purpose was to learn if the multiple wall collisions during transmission would attenuate the polarization of the incident beam. The emergent polarization was determined using 90degrees Rayleigh-Thomson scattering by a carbon foil into a proportional counter. The results clearly showed that polarized x rays incident on a capillary fiber retained their polarization after transmission. Hence, focusing or collimating optics can be used with polarized x rays for background reduction in x-ray fluorescence measurements. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Xray Opt Syst, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Benenson, RE (reprint author), Xray Opt Syst, 30 Corp Circle, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1063/1.1523648 PN 1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JL UT WOS:000180451300003 ER PT J AU Nakakura, CY Tangyunyong, P Hetherington, DL Shaneyfelt, MR AF Nakakura, CY Tangyunyong, P Hetherington, DL Shaneyfelt, MR TI Method for the study of semiconductor device operation using scanning capacitance microscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PN-JUNCTION DELINEATION; TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SI DEVICES; SURFACE; TRANSISTOR; DYNAMICS; VISUALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE AB A new method for studying semiconductor device operation with cross-sectional scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) is described. The technique uses a modified, commercial SCM system to image device cross sections while dc voltages are incrementally applied to bias test structures between nonconducting and conducting states. The novel test structure design and packaging simplify sample preparation while enabling the application of voltages to discrete regions of the semiconductor device. By recording sequential SCM images as a function of bias voltage, the process of switching a device "off" and "on" can be visualized to study carrier movement in the active region of the device. Two sample SCM sequences of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, one fabricated on a bulk silicon substrate and the other on a silicon-on-insulator substrate, are presented to show typical carrier movement in these devices. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nakakura, CY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1063/1.1527722 PN 1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JL UT WOS:000180451300019 ER PT J AU Shukla, AK Futrell, JH AF Shukla, AK Futrell, JH TI A beam scattering instrument for the dynamics studies of surface-induced dissociation processes SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; IMPULSIVE EXCITATION; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; POLYATOMIC IONS; MOLECULAR-IONS; FRAGMENTATION; ACTIVATION AB A beam scattering instrument has been constructed to study the dynamics of ion-surface collisions, especially surface-induced dissociation of polyatomic ions. The instrument uses a bench top double focusing mass spectrometer as the source of a well-defined ion beam for transmission into a collision chamber. The primary ions are decelerated to desired ion energy (as low as 5 eV) by a series of tube lenses and collide the surface at 45degrees. Thus, the ion energy for surface-induced dissociations can be varied from similar to5 eV to greater than or equal to1 keV. The secondary ions are energy and mass analyzed by a cylindrical energy analyzer and a quadrupole mass filter, respectively, and detected by a channel electron multiplier operating in pulse counting mode. The detector assembly can be rotated with respect to the collision center between the specular angle and surface parallel to measure intensity and energy distributions of scattered primary and fragment ions as a function of scattering angle. The newly constructed instrument has been tested for its performance and used to study the dissociation of ethanol molecular ions colliding with a self-assembled monolayer surface of fluorinated thiol on gold (111) crystal and first results are presented here. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shukla, AK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1063/1.1524713 PN 1 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JL UT WOS:000180451300027 ER PT J AU Drouillard, TF Linne, MA Goss, LP Gord, JR Fiechtner, GJ AF Drouillard, TF Linne, MA Goss, LP Gord, JR Fiechtner, GJ TI Lifetime measurement and calibration from pressure-sensitive paint luminescence images SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A dual-image lifetime technique for acquiring surface pressure measurements from pressure-sensitive paint image data has been developed. This technique eliminates the need to acquire a "wind-off" reference image as required by the traditional radiometric technique, which is known to corrupt results. Here a luminescence lifetime-versus-pressure calibration experiment was conducted. Uncertainty was nominally less than +/-4% and decreased as signal level increased. The nominal sensitivity was less than +/-5 Torr at 100 Torr, less than +/-50 Torr at 700 Torr, and improved with signal level. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Comercial Applicat Combust Space, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Drouillard, TF (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Comercial Applicat Combust Space, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 276 EP 278 DI 10.1063/1.1527201 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JL UT WOS:000180451300043 ER PT J AU McClelland, JF Jones, RW Luo, SQ AF McClelland, JF Jones, RW Luo, SQ TI Practical analysis of polymers with depth varying compositions using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (plenary) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena (12 ICPPP) CY JUN 24-27, 2002 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA HO UNIV TORONTO ID FT-IR AB Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy can be used as a nondestructive method to probe the molecular composition of materials as a function of depth into the sample. This is done by varying the thickness of the surface layer being analyzed, which can be as great as some tens of micrometers, depending on optical and thermal properties. Computational methods are described to process photoacoustic amplitude and phase spectra for both semiquantitative and quantitative depth analyses. These methods are demonstrated on layered and gradient samples. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. MTEC Photoacoust Inc, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP McClelland, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1063/1.1516244 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JQ UT WOS:000180451900002 ER PT J AU Autrey, T Egerev, S Foster, NS Fokin, A Ovchinnikov, O AF Autrey, T Egerev, S Foster, NS Fokin, A Ovchinnikov, O TI Counting particles by means of optoacoustics: Potential limits in real solutions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena (12 ICPPP) CY JUN 24-27, 2002 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA HO UNIV TORONTO ID LASER AB The irradiation of an inhomogeneous liquid sample with a long train of short laser pulses and subsequent recording of a histogram of the magnitudes of the acoustic responses can serve as a diagnostic tool for various applications. The absorption of an incident light by a suspended particle may cause a cavitation event. Exploitation of the random cavitation events which, in turn act as effective acoustic radiators, may provide a useful measurement tool rather than an inconvenience. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 NN Andreev Acoust Inst, Moscow 117036, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Egerev, S (reprint author), NN Andreev Acoust Inst, Moscow 117036, Russia. RI Egerev, Sergey/J-2310-2016 OI Egerev, Sergey/0000-0001-6998-1060 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 628 EP 631 DI 10.1063/1.1519687 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JQ UT WOS:000180451900099 ER PT J AU Bullen, CR Carlson, TJ AF Bullen, CR Carlson, TJ TI Non-physical fish barrier systems: their development and potential applications to marine ranching SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; SALMON; SOUND C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Old Acad, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney Islands, Scotland. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bullen, CR (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Old Acad, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney Islands, Scotland. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1023/B:RFBF.0000019481.10670.94 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 803EJ UT WOS:000220214100007 ER PT J AU Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Naidu, R AF Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Naidu, R TI Role of phosphorus in (im)mobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil-plant system SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 177 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOILS; IN-SITU STABILIZATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION; SURFACE-CHARGE; ROCK PHOSPHATE; IONIC-STRENGTH; LEAD-ARSENATE; NEW-ZEALAND C1 Massey Univ, Soil & Earth Sci Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. CSIRO, Land & Water, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Massey Univ, Soil & Earth Sci Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 194 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 8 U2 66 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T PY 2003 VL 177 BP 1 EP 44 DI 10.1007/0-387-21725-8_1 PG 44 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BW63Y UT WOS:000182666200001 PM 12666817 ER PT B AU Lee, MY Haimson, BC AF Lee, MY Haimson, BC BE Sugawara, K Obara, Y Sato, A TI Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO ROCK STRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Rock Stress CY NOV 04-06, 2003 CL KUMAMOTO, JAPAN SP Soc Rock Engn W Japan, Japan Soc Rock Mech, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Kumamoto Univ, Fac Engn, Grad Sch Sci & Technol ID FIELD AB As part of the Yucca Mountain site characterization studies we conducted hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurements in test-hole ESF-GDJACK#1 located in the Thermal Test Facility alcove of the Exploratory Studies Facility approximately 229 m below the crest of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The measured stresses revealed a normal faulting stress regime with NNE-SSW trending maximum horizontal stress smaller than the vertical stress. Such state of stress is supported by the local predominance of generally N-S trending normal faults. Other stress indicators such as fault slip and earthquake focal mechanism data around Yucca Mountain also suggest normal faulting stress regime with an E-W minimum horizontal stress orientation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, MY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-639-4 PY 2003 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BY37P UT WOS:000189130200016 ER PT S AU Bubar, PM Clark, BR AF Bubar, PM Clark, BR GP IAEA TI Magnitude of the decommissioning task in North America and Mexico, including the US department of energy SO SAFE DECOMMISSIONING FOR NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Safe Decommissioning for Nuclear Activities CY OCT 14-18, 2002 CL Bundesamt Strahlenschutz, Govt Germany, Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy HO Bundesamt Strahlenschutz, Govt Germany AB The magnitude of the task of decommissioning nuclear facilities in North America comprises: facilities associated with the commercial nuclear industry and those associated with US nuclear weapons production and research programmes, namely those facilities managed by the US Department of Energy (DOE). Within the commercial nuclear industry, there are currently over 170 nuclear reactors (in the USA, Canada and Mexico). The cost of decommissioning power reactors has recently been estimated at approximately US $325 million per reactor; applied across the area under consideration, this is equivalent to a decommissioning task in excess of $50 billion. Within the DOE's nuclear weapons complex, there are over 114 sites, encompassing over 2 million acres (approximately 810 000 hectares), that need to be cleaned up. In these sites, the scope of decommissioning encompasses over 5000 facilities, with over 100 million ft(2) (approximately 9.3 million m(2)) of building footprint. The life cycle estimate for the decontamination and decommissioning of these facilities is estimated at between $11 billion and $19 billion. The DOE has recently adopted a much more aggressive stance to accelerate the decontamination and decommissioning of its facilities, moving from an emphasis on risk management to one of risk reduction and final closure. It has been decided to make the reduction of the nuclear facility footprint a major objective, to be implemented with an appropriate sense of urgency, resulting in commitments to accelerate decontamination and decommissioning by as much as 10-13 years at the various sites. C1 US DOE, Off Integrat & Disposit, Washington, DC USA. RP Bubar, PM (reprint author), US DOE, Off Integrat & Disposit, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-109703-4 J9 P S IAEA PY 2003 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBN95 UT WOS:000226461800002 ER PT S AU Black, D Harada, M Schechter, J AF Black, D Harada, M Schechter, J BE Fariborz, AM TI Effective Lagrangian approach to radiative decays involving light scalar mesons SO SCALAR MESONS: AN INTERESTING PUZZLE FOR QCD SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Energy Physics Workshop on Scalar Mesons - An Interesting Puzzle for QCD CY MAY 16-18, 2003 CL SUNY INST TECHNOL, UTICA, NY SP US DOE HO SUNY INST TECHNOL ID HIDDEN LOCAL SYMMETRIES; KLOE DETECTOR; A(0)(980); STATES; SEARCH AB We summarize some features of the vector meson dominance model which was recently proposed for studying radiative decays involving the scalar mesons. Using the experimental values of Gamma(a(0) --> gammagamma), Gamma(f(0) --> gammagamma) and Gamma(phi --> a(0)gamma) as inputs, we show that the model predicts a large hierarchy between Gamma(a(0) --> omegagamma) and Gamma(a(0) --> rhogamma) as well as between Gamma(f(0) --> omegagamma) and Gamma(f(0) --> pgamma). C1 Theory Grp, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Black, D (reprint author), Theory Grp, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0159-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 688 BP 72 EP 78 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX99W UT WOS:000187165900006 ER PT S AU Page, PR AF Page, PR BE Fariborz, AM TI Scalar glueball-meson mixing SO SCALAR MESONS: AN INTERESTING PUZZLE FOR QCD SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Energy Physics Workshop on Scalar Mesons - An Interesting Puzzle for QCD CY MAY 16-18, 2003 CL SUNY INST TECHNOL, UTICA, NY SP US DOE HO SUNY INST TECHNOL ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; LATTICE; PHENOMENOLOGY; BREAKING; DECAYS; QCD AB A simple introduction to the topic of three-state glueball-meson is given explaining the different limits of the mixing schemes. The generalized Schwinger mass formula and the decay predictions for the different limits are explained. An analytical formula for the valence content is given. It is shown that the lattice QCD results for the decay of a scalar glueball to two pseudoscalar mesons can be explained by a picture where the glueball decays purely via mixing with scalar mesons, which then subsequently decay via the P-3(0) model. This picture predicts dominant a(1)pi and significant (pipi)(S)(pipi)(S) decay for the lattice scalar glueball. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prp@t16prp.lanl.gov RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0159-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 688 BP 142 EP 153 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX99W UT WOS:000187165900013 ER PT S AU Wilbanks, TJ AF Wilbanks, TJ BE Rotmans, J Rothman, DS TI Geographic scaling issues in integrated assessments of climate change SO SCALING IN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT SE INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Scaling Issues in Integrated Assessment CY JUL 12-19, 2000 CL MECHELEN, NETHERLANDS SP European Forum Integrated Environm Assessment ID GLOBAL CHANGE; CHANGE SCENARIOS; HUMAN DIMENSIONS; IMPACTS; MODEL; RESOLUTION; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilbanks, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SWETS AND ZEITLINGER B V PI LISSE PA HEEREWEG 347B, 2160 LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-299X BN 90-265-1947-8 J9 INTEGRAT ASS STUDIES PY 2003 BP 5 EP 34 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW48S UT WOS:000182134900001 ER PT S AU Kiess, TE Hanauer, SH AF Kiess, TE Hanauer, SH BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Yucca Mountain project status SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB The Yucca Mountain site was designated in July 2002 as the United States' location for a geological repository for spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive wastes. This site designation was a watershed event in the history of the project, enabling the U.S. Department of Energy to seek a license from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to construct and operate a geologic repository. Summarized below are the history and technical basis for this site designation and some key anticipated future events. Many of the significant events to date have been framed by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (and Amendments) and the requirements of the regulatory standard. C1 US DOE, Off Civilian Radioact Waste Management, Washington, DC USA. RP Kiess, TE (reprint author), US DOE, Off Civilian Radioact Waste Management, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300001 ER PT S AU Bacon, DH McGrail, BP AF Bacon, DH McGrail, BP BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Waste form release calculations for performance assessment of the Hanford immobilized low-activity waste disposal facility using a parallel, coupled unsaturated flow and reactive transport simulator SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB A set of reactive chemical transport calculations was conducted with the Subsurface Transport Over Reactive Multi-phases (STORM) code to evaluate the long-term performance of a representative low-activity waste glass in a shallow subsurface disposal system located on the Hanford Site. Technetium, the main contributor to a drinking water dose, is assumed to be released congruently with the dissolution of the glass. Sodium is released at a higher rate via a kinetic ion-exchange reaction. Aqueous equilibrium reactions involving sodium and other dissolved glass constituents increase the pH, and hence the rate of glass dissolution. The precipitation of secondary minerals can also lower the amount of aqueous dissolved silica, which can increase the rate of glass dissolution. Predicted technetium release rates, however, remain several orders of magnitude lower than required by drinking water regulations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300006 ER PT S AU Ebert, WL Cunnane, JC Dietz, NL AF Ebert, WL Cunnane, JC Dietz, NL BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Accounting for corrosion of HLW glasses by humid air in TSPA SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB This paper describes how the results of vapor hydration tests (VHTs) are used to model the corrosion of waste glasses exposed to humid air in the glass degradation model for total system performance assessment (TSPA) calculations for the proposed Yucca Mountain disposal system. Corrosion rates measured in VHTs conducted at 125, 150, 175, and 200degreesC are compared with the rate equation for aqueous dissolution to determine parameter values that are applicable to glass degradation in humid air. These will be used to determine the minimum for the range and distribution of parameter values in calculations for the Yucca Mountain disposal system license application (TSPA-LA). The rate equation for glass dissolution is rate = k(E) . 10 (eta . pH) . exp(-E-a/RT). Uncertainties in the calculated rate due to the range of waste glass compositions and water exposure conditions are taken into account by using a range of values for the rate coefficient kE. The parameter values for the pH dependence (eta) and temperature dependence (Ea) and the upper limit for kE are being determined with other tests. Using the values of eta and Ea from the site recommendation model, the VHT results described in this paper provide a value of log k(E) = 5.1 as the minimum value for the rate expression. This value will change slightly if different pH-and temperature-dependencies are used for the TSPA-LA model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ebert, WL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300007 ER PT S AU Ebert, WL Lewis, MA Barber, TL Johnson, SG AF Ebert, WL Lewis, MA Barber, TL Johnson, SG BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Accounting for EBR-II metallic waste form degradation in TSPA SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB A metallic waste form (MWF) will be used to immobilize cladding hulls from spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuel rods. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine if the HLW glass degradation rate model used in Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) calculations can be used as an upper bound for the degradation rate of the MIVNT. Static tests were conducted with monolithic MWF samples in pH buffer solutions to measure the degradation rates at 50, 70, and 90degreesC. The measured degradation rates of the MWF were compared to the rates calculated with the HLW glass degradation model. The degradation rates were calculated as the product of the specific dissolution rates and the anticipated exposed surface areas of glass and MWF in a breeched canister. This comparison showed that the rate calculated using the HLW glass degradation model bounds the rates measured for the MWF at all pH values and temperatures. These results support the potential use of HLW glass as a surrogate for MWF degradation for the purpose of performance assessment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ebert, WL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300010 ER PT S AU McGrail, BP Bacon, DH Meyer, PD Ojovan, MI Strachan, DM Jovan, NV Startceva, IV AF McGrail, BP Bacon, DH Meyer, PD Ojovan, MI Strachan, DM Jovan, NV Startceva, IV BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI New developments in field studies of low activity waste glass corrosion and contaminant transport SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID SOIL AB Performance assessment calculations for low-activity waste glass to be disposed at the Hanford site depend on simulations of long-term glass corrosion behavior and contaminant transport that are being performed via reactive chemical transport modeling. Confidence in the underlying physical and chemical processes that are being approximated by the computer model could be significantly enhanced through carefully-controlled. field testing, which includes studies of buried ancient glasses. Field tests with simulated low-activity waste glasses have been initiated on the Hanford site and at the Ballidon site in the United Kingdom. In addition, a joint PNNL - SIA RADON research project has been initiated to analyze a unique data set collected over 12+ years during a Russian in-situ testing program with actual low-activity waste glass. The glasses buried at Hanford are scaled down cylinders (45 kg mass) and include a representative glass composition for Hanford low-activity waste and a glass designed to be highly reactive. Each glass was doped with chemical analog tracers (Re, Se, and Mo). Design of the lysimeter test facility and sampling locations were done with aid of predictive calculations performed with the STORM code. These same glasses were also buried at Ballidon but in the form of small glass coupons. The coupons will be retrieved over a period of several years for detailed analysis along with core samples of the surrounding limestone, which will be analyzed for contaminant transport profiles. Analysis of porewater from underneath the Russian burial site has been compared with modeling calculations. Good agreement between the model and the field data has been obtained so far using estimated parameters for the glass corrosion. Independent laboratory tests, are in progress to parameterize the STORM model for quantitative comparisons. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McGrail, BP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 83 EP 95 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300011 ER PT S AU Icenhower, JP Luttge, A McGrail, BP Beig, MS Arvidson, RS Rodriguez, EA Steele, JL Baum, SR AF Icenhower, JP Luttge, A McGrail, BP Beig, MS Arvidson, RS Rodriguez, EA Steele, JL Baum, SR BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Results of Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI) of dissolved borosilicate glass: Evidence for variable surface features and global surface retreat SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DISSOLUTION; KINETICS; RATES AB Two disparate reaction mechanisms have been invoked to explain the reactivity of glass in contact with aqueous solution. One model is based on arguments from Transition State Theory (TST), which postulates that glass dissolution rates are surface reaction controlled. Alternatively, the second model argues that release of elements from glass to solution is governed by diffusion through an altered layer that forms on the surface of glass. Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI) is a new technique that allows one to observe surface features of specimens exposed to solution and may, potentially, be used to distinguish between competing models. We performed a series of dissolution experiments with a suite of glass compositions from chemically simple (sodium borosilicate) to complex (sixteen component borosilicate). Dissolution rates were determined using single-pass flow-through (SPFT) apparatus at 90degreesC and pH = 9 and over a solution saturation interval. Upon termination of the experiments, glass coupons were examined by VSI techniques. Effluent chemistry and VSI measurements indicate a nearly constant rate of 2.2 to 3.4 g m(-2) d(-1) over the solution interval; rates calculated from both methods are identical within experimental uncertainty. We argue that this glass is phase separated, and propose a model for dissolution based on the relative rates of dissolution of the two glass compositions. The data are consistent with a modified version of TST and indicate the potency of VSI methods to elucidate glass reaction mechanisms. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Icenhower, JP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Luttge, Andreas/A-2560-2011; OI Luttge, Andreas/0000-0002-5878-4026; Arvidson, Rolf/0000-0002-8997-1262 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300014 ER PT S AU Hrma, P Vienna, JD Ricklefs, JS AF Hrma, P Vienna, JD Ricklefs, JS BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Mechanism of sulfate segregation during glass melting SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID REDOX EQUILIBRIA; WASTE GLASS; SOLUBILITY; SULFUR AB Sulfate retention in glass during the vitrification process can be as low as 1/3 of the solubility limit, or can exceed the solubility limit if suspended in the glass in the form of droplets. This study is focused on the mechanism of incorporating and segregating sodium sulfate during the melting of an alkali-alumino-borosilicate glass batch. Batches were ramp heated at 4degreesC/min to temperatures ranging from 600degreesC to 1050degreesC and fractured for examination. Observation of the melts showed that as the batch temperature increases and the primary oxo-anionic, predominantly nitrate melt decomposes, the sulfate residue accumulates inside gas bubbles and is transported in them to the melt surface, where it remains segregated. ne degree of sulfate incorporation into the final glass depends on the relative rates of sulfate dissolution in the borosilicate melt and sulfate lifting inside bubbles. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hrma, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300018 ER PT S AU Jeong, SY Ebert, WL AF Jeong, SY Ebert, WL BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Effects of iron and pH on glass dissolution rate SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID WASTE-GLASS; CORROSION AB Short-term static tests were conducted with a surrogate high-level waste glass to measure the effects of pH and dissolved iron on the glass dissolution rate. The tests were conducted to determine if a term to account for the effects of dissolved iron is needed in the glass degradation model developed for Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) calculations for the Yucca Mountain disposal system license application. The glass degradation model includes terms for dependencies on temperature, pH, and chemical affinity. A series of tests was conducted at 90 degreesC in various pH solutions without iron and with added FeCl3, Fe2O3, FC3O4, and FeOOH. Tests were conducted at glass surface area/solution volume (S/V) ratios about 2 and 10 m(-1) for between 2 and 21 days. Solution concentrations of boron were used to measure the extent of reaction and calculate the glass dissolution rates. Similar rates were measured in tests conducted with and without iron at each pH. Both the results of the tests with and without iron showed V-shaped pH dependence curves with minima at near-neutral pH values. The pH dependencies (11) are about 0.44 in basic solutions and -0.49 in acidic solutions, based on the combined results of tests with and without iron. These are within the range of values for the pH dependence in the TSPA model for site recommendation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300020 ER PT S AU Besmann, TM Spear, KE Vienna, JD AF Besmann, TM Spear, KE Vienna, JD BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Extension of the modified associate species thermochentical model for high-level nuclear waste: Inclusion of chromia. SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB The successful thermochemical model based on the modified associate species approach for the Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 base glass system has been extended to include a critical constituent, Cr2O3. This includes the Cr-O-2(3)- Al2O3 solid solution. For the liquid, and potentially glass phase when undercooling is allowed to occur, the model uses the relative simple, modified associate species method to allow accurate determination of phase relations, including liquidus surfaces. It also allows prediction of chemical activities and vapor pressures, which can be important in both processing and in modeling long-term waste form stability. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300025 ER PT S AU Icenhower, JP Weber, WJ Hess, NJ Thevuthasen, S Begg, BD McGrail, BP Rodriguez, EA Steele, JL Geiszler, KN AF Icenhower, JP Weber, WJ Hess, NJ Thevuthasen, S Begg, BD McGrail, BP Rodriguez, EA Steele, JL Geiszler, KN BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Experimental determination of dissolution kinetics of Zr-substituted Gd-Ti pyrochlore ceramics: Influence of chemistry on corrosion resistance SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB The corrosion resistance of a series of zirconium-substituted gadolinium pyrochlore, Gd-2(Ti1- Zr-x(x))(2)O-7, where x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00, were evaluated using single-pass flow-through (SPFT) apparatus at 90degreesC and pH = 2. The zirconate end-member, Gd2Zr2O7, has a defect fluorite structure, which distinguishes it from the face-centered cubic structure of the true pyrochlore specimens. In addition to the chemical variation, the samples include annealed, unannealed, and ion-bombarded monoliths. In the case of the titanate end-member, Gd2Ti2O7, the annealed specimen exhibited the least reactivity, followed by the un-annealed and ion-bombarded samples (2.39 x 10(-3), 1.57 x 10(-2), and 1.12 x 10(-1) g m(-2) d(-1), respectively). With increasing zirconium content, the samples displayed less sensitivity to processing or surface modification with the zirconate end-member exhibiting no difference in reactivity between annealed, un-annealed, and ion-bombarded specimens (rate = 4.0 x 10(-3) g m(-2) d(-1)). In all cases, the dissolution rate decreased with increasing zirconium content to the Gd-2(Ti0.25Zr0.75)(2)O-7 composition (1.33 x 10(-4) g m(-2) d(-1)), but the zirconate end-member yielded rates nearly equal to that of the titanate end-member. These results demonstrate that to achieve the greatest radiation and corrosion resistance in this series, the Gd-2(Ti0.2.5Zr0.75)(2)O-7 composition should be considered. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Icenhower, JP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300029 ER PT S AU Lewis, MA Dietz, NL Fanning, TH AF Lewis, MA Dietz, NL Fanning, TH BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Dissolution of a multiphase waste form SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB The dissolution behavior of the ceramic waste form (CWF) is being investigated to support its qualification for disposal in the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain. The CWF consists of sodalite and glass phases and has been consolidated either by hot isostatic pressuring (HIP) or by pressureless consolidation (PC). In this paper we compare the dissolution behavior of the two materials using in MCC-1 type tests at 90degreesC in a simulated silicate groundwater. The test solutions were periodically exchanged limit feedback effects. The solid surface area to volume ratio was 10 m(-1). Five types of samples were tested: (1) HIP CWF, (2) binder glass vitrified by HIP, (3) PC CWF, (4) binder glass vitrified by PC, and HIP sodalite. Boron releases were used to monitor glass dissolution; these were similar in tests with HIP CWF, HIP glass, and PC CWF, but about 3X higher in tests with PC glass. At the end of the tests, the surfaces of the reacted materials were examined with scanning electron microscopy for signs of preferential dissolution. Differences in the dissolution behaviors of the materials are described and the implications of the test results regarding the performance of the CAT in the disposal system are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300035 ER PT S AU Janney, DE AF Janney, DE BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Host phases for actinide elements in the metallic waste form SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB Argonne National Laboratory has developed an electrometallurgical process for conditioning spent sodium-bonded metallic reactor fuel prior to disposal. A waste stream from this process consists of stainless steel cladding hulls that contain undissolved metal fission products such as Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag; a small amount of undissolved actinides (U, Np, Pu) also remains with the hulls. These wastes will be immobilized in a waste form whose baseline composition is stainless steel alloyed with 15 wt% Zr (SS-15Zr). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of simulated metal waste forms (SS-15Zr with up to I I wt% actinides) show eutectic intergrowths of Fe-Zr-Cr-Ni intermetallic phases with steels. The actinide elements are almost entirely in the intermetallics, where they occur in concentrations ranging from 1-20 at%. Neutron- and electron-diffraction studies of the simulated waste forms show materials with structures similar to those of Fe2Zr and Fe23Zr6. Dissolution experiments on simulated waste forms show that normalized release rates of U, Np, and Pu differ from each other and from release rates of other elements in the sample, and that release rates for U exceed those for any other element (including Fe). This paper uses transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations and results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and selected-area electron-diffraction (SAED) to characterize relationships between structural and chemical data and understand possible reasons for the observed dissolution behavior. Transmission electron microscope observations of simulated waste form samples with compositions SS-15Zr-2Np, SS-15Zr-5U, SS-15Zr-11U-0.6Rh-0.3Tc-0.2Pd, and SS-15Zr-10Pu suggest that the major actinide-bearing phase in all of the samples has a structure similar to that of the C15 (cubic, MgCu2-type) polymorph of Fe2Zr, and that materials with this structure exhibit significant variability in chemical compositions. Material whose structure is similar to that of the C36 (dihexagonal, MgNi2-type) polymorph of Fe2Zr was also observed, and it exhibits less chemical variability than that displayed by material with the C15 structure. The TEM data also demonstrate a range of actinide concentrations in materials with the Fe23Zr6 (cubic, Mn23Th6-type) structure. Microstructures similar to those produced during experimental deformation of Fe-10 at% Zr alloys were observed in intermetallic materials in all of the simulated waste form samples. Stacking faults and associated dislocations are common in samples with U, but rarely observed in those with Np and Pu, while twins occurred in all samples. The observed differences in dissolution behavior between samples with different actinides may be related to increased defect-assisted dissolution in samples with U. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Janney, DE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 343 EP 348 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300045 ER PT S AU Jerden, JL Cunnane, JC AF Jerden, JL Cunnane, JC BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Dissolution behavior and fission product release from irradiated thoria-urania fuel in groundwater at 90 degrees C SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID CORROSION; DISPOSAL AB The dissolution behavior and fission-product release from irradiated thoria-urania fuel was studied by immersing fuel samples in J-13 well water at 90degreesC. The samples are from the Shippingport Light Water Breeder Reactor and consist of binary solid solutions of (U,Th)O-2 with UO2 contents varying from 2.0 to 5.2 Wt.%. The post-irradiation U isotopic composition of the samples used in our experiments is: 87.3% U-233, 10.4% U-234, 1.8% U-235, and <0.5% U-238, U-236, U-232. Burn up values for the samples range from 22.3 to 40.9 megawatt-days per kg-metal. Our tests were performed on polished disks and on crushed and sieved samples in stainless-steel reaction vessels with air-filled head-space. After 196 days of reaction, samples showed no evidence for corrosion at the micrometer scale. Concentration ranges (mugL(-1)) of key radionuclides in filtered (similar to5 nm pore size) leachates were: 0.1 - 15 Sr-90, 0.9 - 7.0 Tc-99, 0.1 - 35.2 Cs-137,<0.2 - 0.8 U-233, <0.1 -0.7 Th-232. Concentrations of Np-237, Pu-239, Pu-240 and Am-241 were all <0.2 mugL(-1). The relatively high concentrations of the fission products 90Sr and Cs-137 occur early during leaching and decrease for later samplings. Matrix dissolution rates for the irradiated thoria-urania samples range from similar to3 x 10(-3) to <3 x 10(-5) mg m(-2) day(-1) and are at least two orders of magnitude lower than those measured for UO2 spent fuels under similar experimental conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jerden, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 377 EP 383 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300049 ER PT S AU Cunnane, JC Fortner, JA Finch, RJ AF Cunnane, JC Fortner, JA Finch, RJ BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI The behavior or light water reactor fuel after the cladding is breached under unsaturated test conditions SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB Experiments were conducted to examine the corrosion behavior of fuel and cladding under test conditions selected to determine how fuel with breached cladding may behave under unsaturated repository conditions. The results discussed here were obtained from two test samples, each consisting of similar to3.5-in. segments of ATM103, a moderate-burnup (similar to30 GWd/MtU) PWR fuel, exposed to humid air at 175degreesC. Visual examination of the samples after 540 days revealed that each had developed an axial crack that passed through a drilled hole in the cladding and ran the full length of the sample. Destructive examination of the fuel and cladding showed that the cladding had experienced extensive fuel-side corrosion. Metallographic examination of the cladding shows the hydride distribution near the drilled hole, the fracture surfaces, and the fuel-side corrosion products. Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and electron diffraction analyses were used to characterize the corrosion products. The results indicate that the fuel-side corrosion of the cladding and the specific volume increase associated with the formation of the corrosion products caused the hoop stresses that resulted in the observed axial splitting. The implications of these results for the expected evolution of the spent fuel cladding after the cladding is initially breached in an unsaturated repository are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cunnane, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 385 EP 392 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300050 ER PT S AU McNamara, B Buck, E Hanson, B AF McNamara, B Buck, E Hanson, B BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Observation of studtite and metastudtite on spent fuel SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB We have characterized uranyl peroxide phases on commercial spent nuclear fuel (CSNF) samples formed under immersion conditions. At short times, crystallites of metaschoepite were observed on the hydrated fuel particles. Over a two-year period, all evidences of metaschoepite disappeared and in many samples, the fuel particles appeared to be coated by a new alteration phase. Additionally, milligrams of corroded fuel aggregates were observed at the sample air-water interface in each sample. The corrosion phases on bulk fuel and on the suspended materials were examined by SEM, EDX, and XRD and were identified as studtite (UO4.4H(2)O) and metastudtite (UO4.2H(2)O), respectively. The reason for the partitioning of the two phases is unclear at this time. SEM micrographs of the bulk powders indicated extensive surface corrosion and fragmentation of particles. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP McNamara, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 10 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300052 ER PT S AU Finch, RJ Kropf, AJ AF Finch, RJ Kropf, AJ BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Neptunium substitution into the structure of alpha-U3O8 SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB We synthesized powder samples of NpxU3-xO8 with x between 0 and 0.33. Analyses of solids by x-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that Np occupies U sites and is predominantly tetravalent. Lattice parameters vary smoothly as a function of Np concentration. The a and b parameters (parallel to structural sheets in U3O8) depend strongly on Np concentration below x 0.3; however, extrapolation of a least-squares fit up to x = 1 (the maximum value of x if Np is tetravalent) suggests little expected change in a or b for values of x greater than approximately 0.5. The c cell parameter (perpendicular to the plane of the sheets) shows relatively small dependence on Np concentration for all values of x. The a and b cell parameters vary in a complementary fashion, such that the a-b plane and unit-cell volumes remain nearly constant for small x (below similar to0.2). The projected volume increase at higher x may be accommodated by expansion along c; the maximum volume expansion for NpxU3-xO8 is projected to be less than 0.2% up to x = 1. Our results demonstrate that NpxU3-xO8 forms a homogeneous solid solution up to (at least) x = 0.33, and that a complete solid solution may exist between alpha-U3O8 and NpU2O8; however, the structure of NpU2O8 may resemble that of beta-U3O8. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finch, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 455 EP 462 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300060 ER PT S AU Fortner, JA Mertz, CJ Wolf, SF Jemian, PR AF Fortner, JA Mertz, CJ Wolf, SF Jemian, PR BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Natural ground water colloids from the USGS J-13 Well in Nye county, NV: a study using SAXS and TEM SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID SCATTERING; DISPOSAL AB We report results from ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of dilute silicate colloids that occur naturally in groundwater from the USGS J-13 well, located near the Yucca Mountain Site in Nevada. We also examined a separate sample of this groundwater that had been treated by heating to 90 degrees C in contact with crushed Topopah Spring Tuff from the Yucca Mountain. The USAXS measurements were done at the UNICAT undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory. Power-law plots (scattering intensity verses momentum transfer) were fitted to the USAXS data. Colloids in the untreated J-13 groundwater were shown to have a fractal dimension of nearly 3, whereas colloids in the treated groundwater ("EJ-13") have a dimensionality of approximately 2.4 over a length scale of approximately 3 to 300 nm. Similar power-law plots with dimension 3 characterized concurrent SAXS measurements from aqueous suspensions of Na-montmorillonite and NIST Brick Clay (NBS-67). We attribute these results to the sheet silicate layered structure of the clay colloids present in J-13 well water, montmorillonite, and "brick clay" systems. The differences between EJ-13 and as-received J-13 are perhaps owing to exchange of calcium for sodium with the tuff. Radionuclide incorporation into, adsorption onto, or ion exchange with existing groundwater colloids may promote colloidal transport of radionuclides in groundwater. Such radionuclide-bearing colloids could thereby increase the concentrations of actinides in groundwater and enhance migration into human-accessible aquifers. Our results demonstrate the first application of USAXS to study the physical nature of such groundwater colloids, and represent perhaps one of the most dilute systems ever studied by small angle scatering. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fortner, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300063 ER PT S AU Mertz, CJ Fortner, JA Tsai, Y AF Mertz, CJ Fortner, JA Tsai, Y BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Understanding the behavior and stability of some uranium mineral colloids SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID SUSPENDED PARTICLES; FUEL AB Colloids are believed to be a dominant mode of transport for radionuclides in the unsaturated zone and thus the characterization of the attributes of the colloids is important for understanding and predicting subsurface transport. As uranium-based spent nuclear fuels will be prevalent at the high-level waste repository at Yucca Mountain, we have examined the colloidal properties of a mixture of two uranium minerals. This paper presents results of analyses on colloidal suspensions of meta-schoepite, (UO2)(4))(OH)(6).5H(2)O, and UO2+x, in 10 mM uranyl nitrate or J-13 groundwater (from Yucca Mountain, NV). A suite of techniques was used to characterize the colloids. The colloids detected by dynamic light scattering in the 10 mM uranyl nitrate solution exhibited a mean size of similar to200 nm and a colloid concentration on the order of 10(12) particles/L. Likewise, large 200 run colloids of meta-schoepite and UO2-x were dominant in the transmission electron microscopy analyses. The colloids detected in the J-13 groundwater exhibited a bimodal distribution; large globular 100-200 nm UO2-x colloids and needle-like colloids of meta-schoepite were observed (with extremely fine microstructure exhibited for the meta-schoepite colloids). Electrophoretic mobility measurements of the meta-schoepite and UO2+x suspension in 10 mM uranyl nitrate indicated that the colloids are not stable at pH values less than or equal to five. While at pH values greater than or equal to 5.5, the colloids of meta-schoepite and UO2-x in 10 mM uranyl nitrate are stable, exhibiting zeta potentials of -30 to -60 mV. The results in this paper show that stable colloidal suspensions of uranium substrate colloids are possible under aqueous, oxidizing conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mertz, CJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 489 EP 496 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300064 ER PT S AU Jerden, JL Sinha, AK AF Jerden, JL Sinha, AK BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Long-term stabilization of uranium by U(VI) phosphate mineralization in weathered bedrock and soils developed over a granite-hosted uranium deposit SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID IMMOBILIZATION AB The unmined Coles Hill U deposit in the Virginia Piedmont represents a unique natural laboratory for studying the long-term containment of U by phosphate minerals. The primary ore assemblage consists of coffinite and apatite and is hosted in foliated granite. Geochemical and mineralogical studies of the weathered bedrock and soils developed over the primary ore body indicate that U transport is inhibited by the precipitation of meta-autunite group minerals. ne lower part of the profile, which consists of ground water saturated saprolite, contains 1400 mg/kg U (in the solid). This concentration is 1.5 times greater than the mean ore grade of the deposit, indicating that the saprolites are enriched in U relative to the underlying primary ore. Uranium within the saprolite is dominantly associated with 10 to 500 mum long, tabular crystals of (Ba, Ca, Sr) meta-autunite. Ground waters from this zone contain less than 14 mug/L dissolved U suggesting that the U(VI) phosphate minerals present are capable of controlling dissolved U concentrations at values lower than the US-EPA maximum contaminant level (30 mug/L). Mineralogical characterization of the unsaturated soil horizons indicate that geochemical conditions in these zones are not conducive to U stabilization by meta-autunite mineralization. In the vadose zone U is primarily associated with Al phosphate (crandallite) and with P adsorbed or coprecipitated with iron oxide mineral coatings. Geochemical gradients suggest that significant amounts of U have been leached from the vadose zone by infiltrating fluids and reprecipitated below the water table, where the activity ratio of dissolved phosphate to carbonate increases. Based on regional weathering rates, the processes responsible for stabilization of U within the Coles Hill system are estimated to have been active for hundreds of thousands of years. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jerden, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300071 ER PT S AU Alai, M Carroll, S AF Alai, M Carroll, S BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Evaporative evolution of brines from synthetic topopah spring tuff pore water, Yucca Mountain, NV SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB We are investigating the evaporation of pore water representative of the designated high-level-nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain, NV to predict the range of brine compositions that may contact waste containers. These brines could form potentially corrosive thin films on the containers and impact their long-term integrity. Here we report the geochemistry of a relatively complex synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff pore water that was progressively evaporated in a series of experiments. The experiments were conducted in a vented vessel in which HEPA filtered air flowed over the 95degreesC solution. Samples of the evaporating solution and the condensed vapor were taken and analyzed to determine the evolving water chemistry and gas volatility. ne final solid was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff water evolved towards a complex brine that contained about 45 mol% Cl, 7 mol% NO3, 43 mol% Na, 4 mol % K, and less than 1 mol % each of SO4, Ca, Mg, HCO3 and Si. Trends in the solution data and identification of CaSO4 solids suggest that fluorite, carbonate, sulfate, and Mg-silicate precipitation minimize the corrosion potential of "sulfate type pore water" by removing F, Ca, and Mg during the early stages of evaporation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Alai, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 579 EP 585 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300078 ER PT S AU Baumann, TF Fox, GA Nelson, AJ Andrews, JC Bishop, DB Reynolds, JG AF Baumann, TF Fox, GA Nelson, AJ Andrews, JC Bishop, DB Reynolds, JG BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Polymer pendant crown Thioethers for removal of mercury from acidic waste streams-characterization and extraction performance SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID MACROCYCLIC POLYTHIAETHERS; COMPLEX-FORMATION; REMEDIATION; THIACROWNS; CHEMISTRY; REAGENTS; HG AB The removal and immobilization of mercury(II) ions from industrial waste streams is a difficult and expensive problem requiring a robust extractant that is resistant to corrosive conditions. We have now developed an acid-resistant thiacrown polymer that has potential utility as a selective and cost-effective Hg2+ extractant. A new crown thioether, 2-hydroxymethyl-1,4,8,11,14-pentathiacycloheptadecane ([17]aneS(5)-OH), was synthesized through reaction of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol with 4,7,10-trithiatridecane-1,13-di-p-toluenesulfonate; then treated with thionyl chloride to form 2-chloromethyl-1,4,8,11,14-pentathiacycloheptadecane ([17]aneS(5)-Cl); followed by conversion to 2-(N-methyl)aminomethyl-1,4,8,11,14-pentathiacycloheptadecane ([17]aneS(5)-NHMe), through reaction with methylamine. The synthesis of the 4-vinylbenzyl-substituted thiacrown was readily accomplished by treating with 4-vinylbenzyl chloride. Copolymerization of the 4-vinylbenzyl-substituted thiacrown with DVB (80% divinylbenzene) using AIBN as the radical initiator generated the highly cross-linked crown thioether polymer. The polymer based material was tested for Hg(II) extraction activity from acidic solutions. The material was found to extract 95+% of the Hg in a pH range of around 1.5 to over 6.0, with contact times of less than 30 min and in the presence of high concentration of competing ions such as Pb, Cd, Al, and Fe. The spent polymer could also be stripped of the Hg2+ and reused without sufficient loss of loading capacity. Characterization of the binding sites by XPS and XAS show only some of the S atoms in the thiacrown participate in the binding of Hg. Our results indicate this polymer has the potential to treat highly acidic wastes efficiently. This thiacrown polymer is far more effective in extracting Hg2+ from aqueous solution than previously reported Hg2+ extractants, not only being very fast and efficient and selective, but also independent of pH. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baumann, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 629 EP 634 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300085 ER PT S AU Snider, AC AF Snider, AC BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Hydration of magnesium oxide in the waste isolation pilot plant SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB Magnesium oxide (MgO) is the only engineered barrier being emplaced in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a U.S. Department of Energy repository for transuranic waste. MgO will lower dissolved concentrations of actinides by consuming CO2 from possible microbial activity, by buffering the pH between 8.5 and 9.5, and by reducing the amount of free water in the repository. This paper discusses results from experiments measuring the hydration of MgO. Results suggest that periclase (MgO) hydrates rapidly to brucite (Mg(OH)(2)) in deionized water and 4 M NaCl solution at 90degreesC; the hydration rate decreases as temperature decreases. In ERDA-6, a NaCl-rich WIPP brine, MgO hydrates directly to brucite; in GWB, a high-Mg brine, periclase hydrates to magnesium chloride hydroxide hydrate(s) until the dissolved Mg2+ concentration decreases, and brucite becomes the stable phase. Under humid conditions MgO fully hydrates at higher humidities(> 50%). All data are consistent with diffusion-limited hydration reactions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Snider, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 665 EP 670 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300090 ER PT S AU Bryan, CR Wang, YF Xu, HF Braterman, PS Gao, HZ AF Bryan, CR Wang, YF Xu, HF Braterman, PS Gao, HZ BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI As, Se, and Re sorption by Mg-Al layered double hydroxides SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID ANIONIC CLAYS; REMOVAL; HYDROTALCITE; ADSORPTION; CHLORIDE; SORBENT; WATER AB Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have high anion exchange capacities and are easily synthesized in the laboratory, giving them considerable potential as adsorbents for anionic contaminants in the environment. In this study, sorption of arsenate, selenate, and perrhenate by uncalcined Mg-Al LDH (Mg:Al ratio 2.4: 1) was evaluated. To investigate sorption mechanisms, the substrate was added to the solution both as a pre-wetted slurry (allowing 24 hours for rehydration), and as a dry powder. Sorption results varied for different anionic complexes. For selenate and perrhenate, an incubation time was required for the dry material to achieve the same K-d value as the pre-wetted material. For arsenate, however, both wetted and dry materials initially had high K(d)s, which decreased with time. These behaviors are attributed to the structural reconstruction of the calcined LDH material in solution. Se and Re are not highly sorbed by the phases present in the calcined material, but are incorporated as interlayer anions in the LDH structure upon hydration and reconstruction, while As may be sorbing onto the dehydration products, and being partially released during rehydration. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Bryan, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 671 EP 676 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300091 ER PT S AU Forsberg, CW Dole, LR AF Forsberg, CW Dole, LR BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Maintaining chemically reducing waste-package conditions SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID SPENT-NUCLEAR-FUEL AB Most fission products and actinides in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) are trapped in the uranium dioxide (UO2) crystal structure and cannot escape until the UO2 is oxidized. Oxidation destroys the crystal structure, exposes the radionuclides to groundwater, and creates the potential for dissolution. For a repository in an oxidizing geochemical environment, the potential exists to delay the release of radionuclides for hundreds of thousands to millions of years by using a combination of excess depleted uranium dioxide and iron in the waste package (WP) to locally maintain chemically reducing conditions. This approach limits the rate of oxygen transport to the SNF after WP failure. Alternative methods of oxygen transport to the SNF were investigated, including transport by groundwater, diffusion through air, and diffusion through water. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 677 EP 684 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300092 ER PT S AU Mattigod, SV Fryxell, G Parker, K Kaplan, D AF Mattigod, SV Fryxell, G Parker, K Kaplan, D BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Novel functionalized ceramic getter materials for adsorption of radioiodine. SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID I-129 WASTE MANAGEMENT; ORGANO-CLAYS; I IONS; SORPTION; MINERALS; IODIDE; CINNABAR AB A new class of getter materials has been synthesized for immobilization of long-lived radionuclides such as I-129. These novel materials consist of nanoporous ceramic substrates with tailored pore sizes ranging from 2 - 20 nm. These high surface area (similar to1000 m(2)/g) ceramic substrates have been functionalized with self-assembled monolayers consisting of soft cation-capped thiol-functionality. The resulting getter materials exhibit highly dense binding sites, and excellent selectivity for iodide. The effectiveness of these novel getter materials was evaluated using radioiodide-spiked samples of surface water and concrete leachate and adsorption performance was compared with natural sulfide mineral getter materials. The data indicated that the novel getter materials have very high affinity for radioiodide (K-d: 4 x 10(4) - 3 x 10(5) ml/g and 6 x 10(5) ml/g in surface and concrete leachate respectively). Comparatively, the radioiodide K-d values for natural mineral getters were typically two to three orders magnitude less than the novel getters. The results indicated that the synthetic getter materials have the potential to immobilize and therefore retard the migration of I-129 in the subsurface environment. Additional studies are being conducted to evaluate the long-term stability of these materials in waste disposal environments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mattigod, SV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 685 EP 692 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300093 ER PT S AU Rebak, RB Estill, JC AF Rebak, RB Estill, JC BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Review of corrosion modes for alloy 22 regarding lifetime expectancy of nuclear waste containers SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID COBALT-BASED ALLOYS; NICKEL; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; CHLORIDE; CRACKING AB Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) was selected to fabricate the corrosion resistant outer barrier of a two-layer nuclear waste package container. This paper reviews the main corrosion degradation modes that are predicted for the outer layer of the container. Current results show that the containers would perform well under general corrosion, localized corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). For example, the general corrosion rate is expected to be below 100 nm/year and the container is predicted to be outside the range of potential for localized corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rebak, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-631, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 713 EP 721 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300097 ER PT S AU Turchi, PEA Kaufman, L Liu, ZK AF Turchi, PEA Kaufman, L Liu, ZK BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Stability and aging of candidate alloys for the Yucca Mountain Project: CALPHAD results SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID NI2CR AB The CALPHAD approach is applied to the study of stability and aging of several Ni-Cr-Mo alloys similar to those considered for use in waste disposal containers for the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP). The stability of occurring phases in the as-fabricated materials must be investigated since their precipitation with time at temperature can reduce their corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. We first show that excellent agreement exists between assessed and calculated phase diagrams for the three major binary alloys, Ni-Cr, Ni-Mo, and Cr-Mo, and for the ternary Ni-Cr-Mo alloy. Then we present a comparative study of phase fractions versus temperature for the nominal composition of several multi-component Ni-Cr-Mo alloys. Finally we discuss the aging properties of the Ni2Cr-ordered phase in Ni-Cr and in Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, and of the complex P phase in Alloy 22. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 729 EP 734 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300099 ER PT S AU Wong, LL Fix, DV Estill, JC McCright, RD Rebak, RB AF Wong, LL Fix, DV Estill, JC McCright, RD Rebak, RB BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Characterization of the corrosion behavior of alloy 22 after five years immersion in multi-ionic solutions SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB Alloy 22 (N06022) is the candidate material for the corrosion resistant, outer barrier of the nuclear waste container. Two of the potential corrosion degradation modes of the container are uniform corrosion and localized corrosion. A testing program is under way at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to determine the susceptibility of Alloy 22 to these two forms of corrosion using immersion tests. Metallic coupons are being exposed to several electrolyte solutions simulating concentrated underground water from pH 3 to 10 at 60degreesC and 90degreesC. This paper describes the results obtained after more than a five-year exposure of 122 specimens to the testing electrolyte solutions. Results show little general corrosion and the absence of localized corrosion. The maximum general corrosion rate was 23 nm/yr. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wong, LL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-631, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 735 EP 741 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300100 ER PT S AU Szmodis, AW Anderson, KL Farmer, JC Lian, T Orme, CA AF Szmodis, AW Anderson, KL Farmer, JC Lian, T Orme, CA BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Characteristics of the oxides films formed on alloy C-22 SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program AB The passive corrosion rate of Alloy C-22 is exceptionally low in a wide range of aqueous solutions, temperatures and electrochemical potentials. Alloy C-22 contains approximately 22% chromium (Cr) by weight; thus, it forms a Cr-rich passive film in most environments. A study of the composition, thickness and other properties of the passive film was undertaken to better understand the role of the protective oxide in preventing corrosion. In general the oxide film is expected to be a function of solution pH, temperature and applied electrochemical potential. In this work we focus on the oxide films that form at pH=8. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Szmodis, AW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 757 EP 764 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300103 ER PT S AU Hailey, P Gdowski, G AF Hailey, P Gdowski, G BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Thermogravimetric thin aqueous film corrosion studies of alloy 22; Calcium chloride solutions at 150 degrees C and atmospheric pressure SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID ZINC AB The extent of reaction of alloy 22 with limited amounts of aqueous calcium chloride (CaCl2) was investigated. Alloy 22 is a highly corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy. Specimens were polished to a mirror finish prior to aerosol salt deposition. An aqueous film was formed on the specimen surface by deliquescence of deposited CaCl2 at 150degreesC and 22.5% relative humidity (RH). The reactant gas was a continuous flow of purified humidified laboratory air. The reaction progress as a function of time was continuously measured in-situ by a microbalance. An initial weight gain due to CaCl2 deliquescence was observed. A steady weight loss was observed over the next 24 hours, after which no further weight change was apparent. During the period of weight loss, white precipitates formed and the specimen surface became visibly dry. Post-test analyses indicated that the precipitates consisted of calcium, chloride, and oxygen. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hailey, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 765 EP 770 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300104 ER PT S AU Stoller, RE Ice, GE Barabash, RI AF Stoller, RE Ice, GE Barabash, RI BE Finch, RJ Bullen, DB TI Real and reciprocal space imaging of radiation-induced defects in BCCFe SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXVI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE Off Sci, Environm Management Sci Program ID RAY DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; X-RAY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISLOCATION LOOPS; POINT-DEFECTS; IRON; COPPER; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; CLUSTERS AB It is important to determine the number and configuration of point defects that survive atomic displacement cascades in irradiated materials since only those defects that escape recombination are able to contribute to radiation induced property changes such as void swelling, hardening, embrittlement, and irradiation creep. Simulations of displacement cascades using molecular dynamics are being used to provide a description of the most probable surviving defects. In the case of interstitial-type defects in iron, these are predicted to be <110> and <111> type dumbbells and <111> crowdions, along with small clusters of these same defects. Diffuse x-ray and neutron scattering provides a direct method for obtaining detailed information on the displacement fields both near to and far away from the defects in addition to information on the particular position of the defect. To analyze such radiation damage with diffuse scattering we have modeled reciprocal space diffraction from crystals with variously oriented dumbbells and small clusters. Diffuse scattering measurements between and close to Bragg reflections are sensitive to the orientation of the dumbbells, and the size and type of the small clusters at sizes that are too small to analyze by electron microscopy. Displacement of the near neighbors induces diffuse scattering in regions between the Bragg peaks, whereas the long range part of the displacement field results in Huang scattering close to the Bragg reflections. Simulation of diffuse scattering by different interstitial defects around (h00), (W), (hhh), (3h,h, 0) reflections demonstrates that each defect type leads to distinct isointensity contours. These scattering signatures can be used to determine the type and configuration of the surviving interstitials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-694-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 757 BP 785 EP 790 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX85J UT WOS:000186634300107 ER PT B AU Koller, J Li, H AF Koller, J Li, H BE Deming, D Seager, S TI Effects of the smoothing factor in the potential of a protoplanet SO SCIENTIFIC FRONTIERS IN RESEARCH ON EXTRASOLAR PLANETS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scientific Frontiers in Research on Extrasolar Planets CY JUN 18-21, 2002 CL CARNEGIE INST, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA Origins Solar Syst Program HO CARNEGIE INST ID ACCRETION DISKS; SIMULATIONS AB We study the nonlinear evolution of an inviscid gaseous disk with a protoplanet on a fixed circular orbit using 2D hydro simulations. We find that flow dynamics in the co-orbital region depend sensitively on the smoothing factor adopted in the protoplanet's potential. Besides the mixing and flattening of the potential vorticity profile through the co-orbital region, we observe the production of isolated vortices out of the protoplanet's Roche lobe when the smoothing length is small. These vortices are localized higher density "blobs" and they propagate in the co-orbital region. They also impart significant torques on the protoplanet, both in magnitude and time variation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koller, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-1,MS P225, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Koller, Josef/C-5591-2009 OI Koller, Josef/0000-0002-6770-4980 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-141-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2003 VL 294 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX68A UT WOS:000186106100069 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, I GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Building an open grid SO SECOND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NETWORK COMPUTING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications CY APR 16-18, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1938-5 PY 2003 BP 191 EP 193 DI 10.1109/NCA.2003.1201155 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BW68F UT WOS:000182808600024 ER PT S AU Abraham, S AF Abraham, S GP IAEA TI Remarks by the President of the Conference, the United States Secretary of Energy SO SECURITY OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Security of Radioactive Sources CY MAR 10-13, 2003 CL Govt Austria, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy, Govt Russian Federat, Govt US Amer, European Commiss, European Police Off, Int Criminal Police Org, World Customs Org HO Govt Austria C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Abraham, S (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-107403-4 J9 P S IAEA PY 2003 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBQ73 UT WOS:000227185800003 ER PT S AU Huizenga, D AF Huizenga, D GP IAEA TI Key United States programmes for the security of radioactive sources SO SECURITY OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Security of Radioactive Sources CY MAR 10-13, 2003 CL Govt Austria, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy, Govt Russian Federat, Govt US Amer, European Commiss, European Police Off, Int Criminal Police Org, World Customs Org HO Govt Austria AB The paper discusses key US programme activities related to the security of radioactive sources, including both domestic and international programmes; the US Department of Energy-Nuclear Regulatory Commission joint report and findings; and critical partnerships for future efforts to preclude terrorist attacks using radioactive sources. C1 US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Agcy, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Off Nucl Safety & Cooperat, Washington, DC USA. RP Huizenga, D (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Agcy, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Off Nucl Safety & Cooperat, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-107403-4 J9 P S IAEA PY 2003 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBQ73 UT WOS:000227185800015 ER PT J AU Gunter, LE Black, AS Ratnayeke, S Tuskan, GA Wullschleger, SD AF Gunter, LE Black, AS Ratnayeke, S Tuskan, GA Wullschleger, SD TI Assessment of genetic similarity among 'Alamo' switchgrass seed lots using RAPD markers SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An assessment of the genetic similarity represented in seed lots from alternate propagation sources of the bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a valuable preliminary step in gaining an understanding of the factors influencing phenotypic variation that may occur at different planting sites. In this study, 38 molecular markers amplified by four RAPD primers were used to assess the genetic similarity of 383 genotypes representing eight commercially available sources of 'Alamo' switchgrass. Overall, there is >95% genetic similarity among all of the 'Alamo' sources surveyed with the 38 markers. Neighbor-joining analysis suggests that five of the sources share >98% of the markers and that some differentiation of genotypes may be related to geographical origin of seed production. Seed from two sources ('Alamo' A and S) obtained from a grower in the lower Midwest exhibited a slightly lower than average genetic similarity compared to Texas sources surveyed (96% vs. 98%). Our findings suggest that, in general, 'Alamo' seed lots from alternate sources are genetically similar. This does not exclude the potential for large phenotypic affects in traits associated with growth and yield of harvestable biomass. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Spelman Coll, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Gunter, LE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 681 EP 689 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 729EC UT WOS:000185758800018 ER PT S AU Bresson, E Chevassut, O Pointcheval, D AF Bresson, E Chevassut, O Pointcheval, D BE Nyberg, K Heys, H TI The group Diffie-Hellman problems SO SELECTED AREAS IN CRYPTOGRAPHY SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography CY AUG 15-16, 2002 CL ST JOHNS, CANADA SP Entrust Inc, Mem Univ Newfoundland, Queens Univ ID KEY AB In this paper we study generalizations of the Diffie-Hellman problems recently used to construct cryptographic schemes for practical purposes. The Group Computational and the Group Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumptions not only enable one to construct efficient pseudorandom functions but also to naturally extend the Diffie-Hellman protocol to allow more than two parties to agree on a secret key. In this paper we provide results that add to our confidence in the GCDH problem. We reach this aim by showing exact relations among the GCDH, GDDH, CDH and DDH problems. C1 Ecole Normale Super, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, B-31348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Bresson, E (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75230 Paris 05, France. EM Emmanuel.Bresson@ens.fr; OChevassut@lbl.gov; David.Pointcheval@ens.fr NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00622-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2595 BP 325 EP 338 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW71P UT WOS:000182919400021 ER PT S AU Wang, HH Han, CY Willing, GA Xiao, ZL AF Wang, HH Han, CY Willing, GA Xiao, ZL BE Lu, Y Brinker, CJ Antonietti, M Bai, C TI Nanowire and nanotube syntheses through self-assembled nanoporous AAO templates SO SELF-ASSEMBLED NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Assembled Nanostructured Materials held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ANODIC ALUMINA; ARRAYS; FABRICATION AB Nanowires and nanotubes have attracted significant interest during recent years due to their novel electrical, magnetic, and photonic properties. Quantum confinement, proximity interaction, and surface plasmon enhancement effects are among a few unique phenomena associated with these materials. A convenient procedure to prepare these materials is through anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template synthesis. Nanoporous AAO membranes with pore diameters ranging from 10 to 200 nm can be prepared with anodization in oxalic, sulfuric and phosphoric acids under various reaction conditions. With repeated anodization-etching cycles, highly ordered straight channels can be prepared through self-organization. With electro- and electroless deposition, a variety of nanowires and nanotubes such as Ni, Co, Au, Pb, Bi, etc. have been prepared. The synthesis, characterization, and physical properties of these materials are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-712-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 775 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BY10P UT WOS:000187670700017 ER PT S AU Shin, Y Wang, LQ Fryxell, GE Exarhos, GJ AF Shin, Y Wang, LQ Fryxell, GE Exarhos, GJ BE Lu, Y Brinker, CJ Antonietti, M Bai, C TI Hygroscopic growth of self-assembled layered surfactant molecules at the interface between air and organic salts SO SELF-ASSEMBLED NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Assembled Nanostructured Materials held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS; INTERCALATION; TEMPERATURE; DERIVATIVES; SILICATES; MIXTURES; NMR AB In this paper, we report a self-assembly of surfactant molecules at the interface of air/hygroscopic quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAAc), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), and tetrabutylammonium nitrate (TB AN), where they show different hygroscopicity, TBAAc > TBAB greater than or equal to TBAN. Homogeneously dissolved surfactants rearrange themselves when they contact air due to high moisture adsorption behavior of such organic salts. Highly ordered lamellar phases with different lattice spacings have been observed when surfactants with long alkyl chains were used. Alkylammonium halides form monolayers, while neutral alkylamines forms bilayers based upon basal spacings of their X-ray diffraction patterns. The change in basal spacings in lamellar patterns, the alkyl chain conformation of surfactants, and H-bonding property of neutral amine surfactants are discussed in detail. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shin, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-712-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 775 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BY10P UT WOS:000187670700022 ER PT J AU Powers, KA Dixit, NM Ribeiro, RM Golia, P Talal, AH Perelson, AS AF Powers, KA Dixit, NM Ribeiro, RM Golia, P Talal, AH Perelson, AS TI Modeling viral and drug kinetics: Hepatitis C virus treatment with pegylated interferon alfa-2b SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific and Clinical Expert Panel Meeting on Peginterferons in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) CY FEB 15, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS DE PEG-IFN; pharmacokinetics; modeling; HCV; viral dynamics ID IN-VIVO; DYNAMICS; EFFICACY; THERAPY AB Administration of peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin results in an early hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA decay followed by an increase as the drug concentration declines between doses. Upon administration of the next dose 1 week later, the same pattern is observed. We have incorporated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis into a model of viral dynamics to describe the effect that changes in drug concentration and effectiveness can have on viral levels. To illustrate the relationship between pharmacokinetics and viral dynamics, we fit the model to data from four HCV/human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients, and obtained good agreement with the measured serum HCV RNA levels. We were able to account for the observed increases in HCV RNA, and estimate virion and drug half-lives that are in agreement with previous reports. Models incorporating pharmacokinetics are needed to correctly interpret viral load changes and estimate drug effectiveness in treatment protocols using peginterferon alfa-2b. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Ctr Study Hepatitis C, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00047, RR06555]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02573] NR 9 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PY 2003 VL 23 SU 1 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 719HR UT WOS:000185198000003 PM 12934163 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS Ding, YS Volkow, ND AF Fowler, JS Ding, YS Volkow, ND TI Radiotracers for positron emission tomography imaging SO SEMINARS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; CEREBRAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; IN-VIVO BINDING; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER OCCUPANCY; CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; REPORTER GENE-EXPRESSION; CENTRAL 5-HT RECEPTORS; SEROTONIN UPTAKE SITES; RHESUS-MONKEY BRAIN; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-B AB Over the past 30 years, advances in radiotracer chemistry and positron emission tomography instrumentation have merged to make positron emission tomography a powerful scientific, tool in the biomedical sciences. However, despite the increasing reliance of the biomedical sciences on imaging and the new needs for functional information created by the sequencing of the human genome, the development of new radiotracers with the specificity and kinetic characteristics for quantitative analysis in vivo remains a slow process. In this article, we focus on advances in the development of the radiotracers involved in neurotransmission, amino acid transport, protein synthesis, and DNA synthesis. We conclude with a brief section on newer radiotracers that image other molecular targets and conclude with a summary of some of the scientific and infrastructure needs that would expedite the development and introduction of new radiotracers into biomedical research and the practice of medicine. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS15380] NR 217 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0001-2998 J9 SEMIN NUCL MED JI Semin. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 14 EP 27 DI 10.1053/snuc.2003.127297 PG 14 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 642DA UT WOS:000180788000003 PM 12605354 ER PT S AU Roberts, RS Kent, CA Cunningham, CT Jones, ED AF Roberts, RS Kent, CA Cunningham, CT Jones, ED BE Carapezza, EM TI UAV cooperation architectures for persistent sensing SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Defense and Law Enforcement II CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE unmanned air vehicles; robot cooperation; automated sensing; distributed sensing AB With the number of small, inexpensive Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) increasing, it is feasible to build multi-UAV sensing networks. In particular, by using UAVs in conjunction with unattended ground sensors, a degree of persistent sensing can be achieved. With proper UAV cooperation algorithms, sensing is maintained even though exceptional events, e.g.,. the loss of a UAV. have occurred. In this paper a cooperation architecture is described that allow's multiple UAVs to perform coordinated, persistent sensing with unattended ground sensors over a wide area. This architecture automatically adapts the UAV paths so that on the average, the amount of time that any sensor has to wait for a UAV revisit is minimized. We also describe the Simulation, Tactical Operations and Mission Planning (STOMP) software. STOMP is designed to help simulate and operate distributed sensor networks where multiple UAVs are used to collect data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roberts, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4930-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5071 BP 306 EP 314 DI 10.1117/12.485922 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BX80U UT WOS:000186496400034 ER PT B AU Thundat, T Majumdar, A AF Thundat, T Majumdar, A BE Barth, FG Humphrey, JAC Secomb, TW TI Microcantilevers for physical, chemical, and biological sensing SO SENSORS AND SENSING IN BIOLOGY AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sensors and Sensing in Natural and Fabricated World CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL CIOCCO, ITALY SP Natl Sci Fdn, United Engn Fdn ID RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; RESONANCE-FREQUENCY; FORCE MICROSCOPE; CANTILEVER ARRAY; SURFACE STRESS; SENSORS; ADSORPTION; RADIATION AB Recent advances in designing and fabricating microcantilever beams capable of detecting extremely small forces, mechanical stresses, and mass additions offer the promising prospects of chemical, physical, and biological sensing with unprecedented sensitivity and dynamic range. Molecular adsorption on a cantilever surface can be detected by measuring the shift in the cantilever resonance frequency. If the adsorption is confined to one surface of a cantilever, the resulting differential surface stress leads to cantilever bending, thus providing an additional method of detecting molecular adsorption. Differential stresses can also be created by mismatches in thermal expansion of two cantilever materials, thus resulting in highly sensitive temperature and radiation sensors. By functionalizing cantilever beams with receptors, and by using the selectivity of chemical and biochemical receptor-ligand interactions, chemical and biological sensing can be achieved with high specificity and sensitivity. Here, we review the development of microcantilever sensors and sensor arrays, and present illustrative applications of chemical, physical, and biological sensing based on microcantilevers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mail Stop 6123,Rm G148,4500S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 3-211-83771-X PY 2003 BP 337 EP 355 PG 19 WC Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Robotics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Engineering; Robotics GA BW84V UT WOS:000183376800024 ER PT J AU Watson, J AF Watson, J TI Twelfth symposium on separation science and technology for energy applications - Gatlinburger, Tennessee, October 14-18, 2001 - Introductory remarks SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Watson, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP XI EP XII DI 10.1081/SS-120024085 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300001 ER PT J AU Garnov, AY Rao, LF Nash, KL Bond, AH AF Garnov, AY Rao, LF Nash, KL Bond, AH TI Leaching of U(VI), Am(III), and Sr(II) from simulated tank waste sludges SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Using a series of acidic, alkaline, and complexant solutions, the leaching behavior of U(VI), Am(III) and Sr(II) from synthetic sludges was studied and compared with previously reported results on the behavior of plutonium. Spectroscopic techniques, including EXAFS and NMR, were used to help interpret the leaching behavior. Considerable amounts of U(VI) were removed from the sludges by 3 M NaOH and the leaching of americium by 3 M NaOH was enhanced in the presence of strong oxidants at elevated temperatures. These observations are discussed in terms of actinide speciation in alkaline solutions and expected to have significant impact on the development of the strategies for tank waste sludge washing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. PG Res Fdn Inc, Darien, IL USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, MS 70A-1150,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 359 EP 374 DI 10.1081/SS-120016579 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 645DV UT WOS:000180961700006 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, ER Rau, KC Sauer, NN AF Birnbaum, ER Rau, KC Sauer, NN TI Selective anion binding from water using soluble polymers SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anion separation; dendrimer; PEI; ultrafiltration ID SUPPORTED REAGENTS; ULTRAFILTRATION; CHEMISTRY; COORDINATION; SEPARATION; RECEPTOR; COMPLEXATION; HIGHLIGHTS; METALS AB We investigated water-soluble dendrimers and polymers as ligands for selective anion binding. PAMAM Starburst dendrimers and polyethylenimine have been chemically modified to incorporate new ligands or hydrogen bonding groups at the primary amines. These molecules, along with the unmodified parent compounds, bind arsenate, chromate, and phosphate, even in the presence of competing anions such as chloride. Such systems could potentially be employed for remediation of contaminated water and soils using well-established ultrafiltration technology. Selectivity is achieved through bringing together moieties with a combination of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding capabilities. Total binding capacity for several metallooxyanions has been determined, as well as relative ion selectivity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Birnbaum, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C-ACS,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM evab@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1081/SS-120016581 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 645DV UT WOS:000180961700008 ER PT J AU Taylor, TP Le, QTH Ehler, DS Sauer, NN AF Taylor, TP Le, QTH Ehler, DS Sauer, NN TI Beryllium binding by functionalized polyethylenimine water-soluble polymers SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beryllium; water-soluble polymers; WSP; polyethylenimine; PEI ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; X-RAY; ULTRAFILTRATION; METALS; ACID; COORDINATION; AMERICIUM; PLUTONIUM; COMPLEXES AB A series of polyethylenimine (PEI)-based water-soluble polymers (WSPs) were prepared by attaching functional groups (beta-diketones, carboxylic acid, salicylic acids) to the polymer backbone, with the goal of characterizing the interaction between beryllium and the various polymers. The extraction of beryllium from aqueous solutions by the WSPs was examined as a function of pH and ionic strength to evaluate the potential for the WSPs to isolate beryllium from contaminated aqueous waste streams. The loading capacities of these polymers for beryllium at near-neutral pH were unusually high in the absence of ionic strength adjustment compared to that for other +2 cations, suggesting that polynuclear beryllium species were interacting with the polymers. Beryllium loading capacity values were similar for all polymers evaluated in the absence of ionic strength adjustment. However, when the ionic strength of the solutions was adjusted to 0.1 N (NaNO3) the loading capacities were significantly reduced, indicating that electrostatic attraction played a dominant role in the interaction between beryllium and the polymers. The extraction curves of beryllium for all polymers evaluated, even those not designed to be selective for beryllium extraction, were nearly identical irrespective of the nature of the functional groups. Collectively, these results suggest that oligomeric beryllium species were formed, which can bind to the polymers through a combination of electrostatic forces and, potentially, hydrogen bonding. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sauer, NN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem CSIC, MS-J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1160 DI 10.1081/SS-120018128 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 660KM UT WOS:000181832400010 ER PT J AU Wang, SF Lin, YH Wai, CM AF Wang, SF Lin, YH Wai, CM TI Supercritical fluid extraction of toxic heavy metals from solid and aqueous matrices SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid extraction; heavy metals; dithiocarbamate; organophosphorus reagent ID FLUORINATED BETA-DIKETONES; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; LANTHANIDES; URANIUM; IONS; ACTINIDES; THORIUM; ADDUCTS; LIQUID AB The feasibility of using dithiocarbamate chelating agents or sulfur-containing organophosphorus reagents for the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of toxic heavy metals from solid and aqueous matrices was investigated. Effective extraction of heavy metal ions from both sand matrix and water samples was demonstrated by using supercriticai CO2 containing dithiocarbamate chelating agents. A commercially available sulfur-containing organophosphorus reagent, Cyanex 302, was used for the extraction of toxic heavy metals from wood samples. The extraction profiles were initially rapid followed by a very low level of metal extraction, indicating that the process is limited to extraction of leachable toxic metals. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 10 SU S BP 2279 EP 2289 DI 10.1081/SS-120021624 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 698BC UT WOS:000183976900009 ER PT J AU Otu, EO Chiarizia, R AF Otu, EO Chiarizia, R TI Temperature effect on the extraction of Am(III), U(VI), and Sr(II) by dialkyl-substituted alkylenediphosphonic acids SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; 2-ETHYLHEXYL PHENYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; NAPHTHALENE SULFONIC-ACID; DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; METAL EXTRACTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SYNERGISTIC EXTRACTION; AGGREGATION; THERMODYNAMICS; CATIONS AB Solvent extraction reagents containing the diphosphonic acid group exhibit extraordinary affinity for tri-, tetra-, and hexavalent actinides. Use of these reagents has been proposed for actinide separation and preconcentration procedures. A new extractant, P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) benzene- 1,2-diphosphonic acid (H2DEH[1,2-BzDP]), has been synthesized. Its metal extraction characteristics are reported and compared to the previously synthesized P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene-(H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene-(H2DEH [EDP]), and butylene-(H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids. Different degrees of aggregation and different extraction mechanisms and stoichiometries have been reported for these ligands. In this work, thermodynamic parameters associated with the extraction of selected metal ions by these ligands were measured to provide further insight into the mechanism of the extraction processes involved. Knowledge of the enthalpy, entropy, and free-energy changes, in combination with other fundamental principles governing extraction of metal ions by these ligands will increase their usefulness in liquid-liquid extraction. Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction process were determined by the temperature dependence of the distribution ratio in the temperature range of 25 to 60degreesC. Neither the aggregation state of the free ligands nor the extraction stoichiometries at trace metal concentration level change in the whole range of temperatures investigated. The effect of temperature on the extraction of Am-241, U-233, and Sr-85 from HNO3 solutions by o-xylene solutions of the extractants are reported. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Indiana Univ SE, Dept Chem, New Albany, IN 47150 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 2619 EP 2636 DI 10.1081/SS-120022563 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300002 ER PT J AU Wilmarth, WR Mills, JT Dukes, VH Beasley, MC Coleman, AD Diprete, CC Diprete, DP AF Wilmarth, WR Mills, JT Dukes, VH Beasley, MC Coleman, AD Diprete, CC Diprete, DP TI Caustic-side solvent extraction batch distribution coefficient measurements for Savannah River Site high-level wastes SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div AB The cesium distribution coefficients for extraction, scrubbing, and stripping of the caustic-side solvent extraction flowsheet were measured for a number of tank waste supernates from both the F- and H-Area Tank Farms. The measured distribution coefficients, D(Cs)s, indicate that the caustic-side solvent extraction flowsheet will successfully decontaminate the supernate and produce a concentrated, dilute nitric acid product. Because of the difficulty in performing the experiments on a 40-mL scale in the shielded cells, some caustic carryover into the scrub acid occurred and contributed to the higher-than-expected scrub distribution coefficients. Comparing the measured extraction distribution coefficients to recently published data by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) personnel showed agreement between the model and experiments with two actual tank wastes. However, tests with three other tank wastes gave extraction D(Cs)s that deviated from the model predictions. Additional refinements of the model are planned in FY 2002. Two of these measurements were below the flowsheet requirement for extraction. Several aspects of the waste chemistry (e.g., anion concentrations) were examined; however, no distinct correlation was found for extraction distribution coefficient behavior. Testing also examined the affinity of the calixarene-solvent system for actinide removal. Plutonium and uranium extraction distribution coefficients measured around 2. However, additional analytical work is needed to measure the mass of the actinides in the organic phase (Wilmarth, W.R., Hobbs, D.T. Task Technical and Quality, Assurance Plan Supporting CSSX Pilot Plant Critically Issues; WSRC-RP-2001-0076; Westinghouse Savannah River: Aiken, SC, 2001). C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wilmarth, WR (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 2637 EP 2645 DI 10.1081/SS-120022564 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300003 ER PT J AU Norato, MA Beasley, MH Campbell, SG Coleman, AD Geeting, MW Guthrie, JW Kennell, CW Pierce, RA Ryberg, RC Walker, DD Law, JD Todd, TA AF Norato, MA Beasley, MH Campbell, SG Coleman, AD Geeting, MW Guthrie, JW Kennell, CW Pierce, RA Ryberg, RC Walker, DD Law, JD Todd, TA TI Demonstration of the caustic-side solvent extraction process for the removal of (CS)-C-137 from Savannah River Site high level waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE cesium; waste processing; solvent extraction; centrifugal contactors AB This article describes a demonstration of a solvent extraction process for removal of Cs-137 from alkaline high-level radioactive waste (HLW) solutions from the Savannah River Site (SRS) tank farm. The process employed a calix[4]arene-crown-6 extractant dissolved in an inert hydrocarbon matrix, along with an alkylphenoxy alcohol modifier and an additional additive, trioctylamine, to improve stripping performance and mitigate the effects of organic anions present in the feed stream. Testing included washing and recycle of the solvent. Tests conducted with two nonradioactive simulants of SRS tank waste verified proper hydraulic operation prior to the radioactive experiments. An additional 12-hour demonstration used simulated SRS tank waste spiked with Cs-137 to confirm proper hydraulic operation, decontamination, and volume reduction factors following installation of the equipment in a shielded cell facility. Finally, a 48-hour demonstration was performed employing a composite waste from SRS tank farms. Approximately 106 L of waste (1.5E + 09 d/min/mL Cs-137 activity) was processed through the test unit. Average Cs-137 decontamination factors for the decontaminated waste streams in all tests exceeded the target value of 40,000. Concentration factors in the strip section agreed to within 5% of the target value of 15. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Norato, MA (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016; OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950; Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 2647 EP 2666 DI 10.1081/SS-120022565 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300004 ER PT J AU White, TL Peterson, RA Wilmarth, WR Norato, MA Crump, SL Delmau, LH AF White, TL Peterson, RA Wilmarth, WR Norato, MA Crump, SL Delmau, LH TI Stability study of Cs extraction solvent SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div ID CESIUM; WASTE AB Researchers at the Savannah River Site (SRS) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) examined the performance and stability to irradiation of an improved calix[4]arene-based paraffin extraction solvent consisting of a calix[4]arene chelator, 1-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-sec-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol (Cs-7SB modifier) and trioctylamine (TOA) for the removal of cesium from high-level waste. As a result of testing performed in 1998, modifications to the solvent system were made to improve chemical stability. The robustness to irradiation of the current calix[4]arene-based solvent system was examined by exposing agitated solvent in contact with aqueous phases representing the composition on the stages of extraction (alkaline waste simulant), scrub (0.05-M nitric acid), and strip (0.001-M nitric acid) to a dose up to 50 Mrad by a Co-60 gamma source. The solvent was also agitated for 101 days with high-level liquid waste from the Savannah River Site (SRS) tanks. After irradiation, the concentration of the components in the solvent system and the identification of degradation products were determined primarily using gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expected yearly dose the solvent will receive is 100 krad/year. An approximately 10% concentration drop in trioctylamine was observed at a 2-Mrad dose of gamma radiation, an estimate 20-year radiation dose. At gamma-radiation doses as high as 16 Mrad, or an estimated 160-year-radiation dose, there was not a significant loss of the calix[4]arene chelator (less than 10%), and there was only a minor loss (less than 2%) of Cs-7SB modifier that yields the degradation product 4-sec-butylphenol. Additional testing indicated that this phenol is readily removed by a caustic wash. Distribution coefficients for Cs between the phases (D-Cs) were also determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and gamma-counting methods. Relative to unirradiated solvent, extraction, scrubbing, and stripping performance were not significantly affected by external gamma-radiation doses as high as 8 Mrad, an estimated 80-year dose. These findings indicate that the solvent is stable and retains its expected extraction, scrubbing, and stripping properties after exposure to relatively high-gamma-radiation doses (up to 8 Mrad). C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. UT Battelle LLC, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP White, TL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM sheri.crafton@srs.gov OI Peterson, Reid/0000-0003-3368-1896 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 2667 EP 2683 DI 10.1081/SS-120022566 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300005 ER PT J AU Herlinger, AW McAlister, DR Chiarizia, R Dietz, ML AF Herlinger, AW McAlister, DR Chiarizia, R Dietz, ML TI Aggregation, metal ion extraction, and solubility properties of silyl-substituted alkylenediphosphonic acids SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE diphosphonic acids; silyl-substituted; supercritical carbon dioxide ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; CO2-SOLUBLE CHELATING-AGENTS; DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; FLUID EXTRACTION; EXCHANGE RESIN; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; SOLID MATERIALS; ACTINIDE IONS AB Partially esterified alkylenediphosphonic acids were shown to be effective solvent extraction reagents for the removal of actinide cations from acidic aqueous solutions into conventional organic solvents. As a first step in an effort to design diphosphonic acid extractants that are soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide, we prepared and characterized a novel series of silyl-substituted alkylenediphosphonic acids. The aggregation of these extractants in toluene at 25degreesC was studied by vapor pressure osmometry. Their solvent extraction chemistry was investigated by employing radiotracers to determine the distribution ratios for selected metal ions between an acidic aqueous phase and an organic phase containing the diphosphonic acid extractant. To determine the effect of incorporating a silicon functionality into diphosphonic acids, the aggregation and solvent extraction properties of the silyl-substituted alkylenediphosphonic acids were compared with those of the conventional alkyl-substituted di(2-ethylhexyl) alkylenediphosphonic acids. The aggregation and solvent extraction properties of these ligands were shown to vary dramatically as a function of the number of methylene groups bridging the phosphorus atoms of the extractant. Factors including aggregation, P=O basicity, POH acidity, and chelate-ring size were explored to explain features of the solvent extraction data. Additionally, the solubility of the silyl- and alkyl-substituted ligands in supercritical carbon dioxide was studied. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Herlinger, AW (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 2741 EP 2762 DI 10.1081/SS-120022570 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300009 ER PT J AU Rowe, AW Davis, AN Counce, RM Morton, SA DePaoli, DW Hu, MZC AF Rowe, AW Davis, AN Counce, RM Morton, SA DePaoli, DW Hu, MZC TI Oil droplet detachment from metal surfaces as affected by an applied potential SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div ID ADSORPTION; EMULSIFICATION; DISPLACEMENT; DETERGENCY; PH AB Removal of organic contaminants from metal surfaces submerged in an aqueous surfactant solution can be improved by application of an applied potential. Earlier work has shown that the detachment of organic droplets is noticeably affected by variations in the pH of the solution and charge of the surfactant. Modifications in solution pH result in modifications of the electrostatic charge of the solid surface, which, depending on the charge and nature of the surfactant, will improve or hinder adsorption of surfactant at the solid-aqueous interface. This adsorption of surfactant molecules is of great importance to the detachment of organic droplets and, consequently, on the determination of cleaning efficacy. It is proposed that modification of the surface charge through application of potential will also result in changes in the adsorption of surfactant and, as a result, will alter drop detachment. Experimental results from a battery of tests for the removal of industrial quench oil from a stainless steel surface with different applied potentials are shown. Additionally, several different surfactants were examined, and drop detachment times and cleaning efficiency by ultrasonication were measured. A mechanistic model describing the affect of potential on surfactant adsorption was proposed, and a correlation between detachment time and cleaning was developed for some of the surfactants. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Davis, AN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 2793 EP 2813 DI 10.1081/SS-120022572 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300011 ER PT J AU Morton, SA Keffer, DJ Counce, RM DePaoli, DW Hu, MZC AF Morton, SA Keffer, DJ Counce, RM DePaoli, DW Hu, MZC TI Thermodynamic model for the prediction of contact angles of oil droplets on solid surfaces in SDS solutions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE contact angle; surfactant; adsorption; surface cleaning; thermodynamic model ID WATER INTERFACE; IDEAL BEHAVIOR; ION BINDING; ADSORPTION; DETACHMENT; DISPLACEMENT; SURFACTANTS; DETERGENCY; SULFATES; PH AB The attachment of a droplet of oil to a solid surface in the presence of an aqueous surfactant solution may be quantified by contact angle measurements. A classical thermodynamic model has been developed to predict this characteristic contact angle. The model minimizes the Gibbs free energy for a system that includes five mass-transfer actions: micellization of surfactant monomer in aqueous solution, adsorption of surfactant at the solid-solution interface, adsorption of surfactant at the oil-solution interface, adsorption of the oil at the solid surface, and adsorption of water at the solid surface. Limitations in the model include empirical values for the energy of steric/restrictive interactions in micellization and the interfacial free-energy term for adsorption of surfactant at the oil-solution interface. In addition, the free energies for adsorption of water, oil, and surfactant at the solid surface are adjustable parameters. The model has been validated by comparison with experimental values of contact angle measured for droplets of hexadecane on a gold surface. This approach allows for the use of published physical property data for the prediction of surfactant distribution and contact angle in a given system and may be useful in guiding aqueous cleaning applications. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Morton, SA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014; OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286; Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 2815 EP 2835 DI 10.1081/SS-120022573 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300012 ER PT J AU Perkins, LW Counce, RM Jubin, RT Klasson, KT AF Perkins, LW Counce, RM Jubin, RT Klasson, KT TI Three-phase separation technology study for use downhole in an oil-bearing medium SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE downhole; oil wells; oil production; downhole separations; DOWS AB This research focuses on the three-phase separation of oil-water-solids that may be encountered in oil-bearing media. Developing a process to perform this three-phase separation downhole in the oil-bearing media leads to significant financial advantages. This research involves the use of a hydrocyclone unit to perform the separation. The unit is then used in conjunction with a centrifugal separator to further purify the streams. A separation efficiency is developed to predict the maximum separation possible for each of the phases present in the system. At specific operating conditions, a good separation is demonstrated for removing solids, as well as the separation of the liquids into two separate streams. The removal of the solids, with the remaining liquids exiting together in a separate stream, is also accomplished using the hydrocyclone unit. The research spans a range of feed compositions to simulate the possible process fluids that may be generated in an oil production process. This research indicates that the hydrocyclone can operate very efficiently in the three-phase system of a downhole oil-bearing media. Performance of the hydrocyclone can also be readily predicted for the solid and liquid separations. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Perkins, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 2901 EP 2921 DI 10.1081/SS-120022578 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300017 ER PT J AU Taylor, PA Mattus, CH AF Taylor, PA Mattus, CH TI Thermal and chemical stability of baseline and improved crystalline silicotitanate SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE crystalline silicotitanate; CST; cesium; chemical stability; thermal stability; clumping AB U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) is evaluating technologies for removing radioactive cesium (Cs-137) from the supernate solutions stored in the high-level waste tanks at the site. Crystalline silicotitanate (CST) sorbent (IONSIV(R) IE-911, UOP LLC, Des Plaines, IL), which is very effective at removing cesium from high-salt solutions, was one of three technologies that were tested. Small-scale batch and column tests conducted last year using samples of production batches of CST showed potential problems with CST clumping and loss of cesium capacity after extended contact with the simulant solutions. Similar tests using samples of a baseline and improved granular CST and the CST powder used to make both granular samples were per-formed this year to compare the performance of the improved CST. The column tests showed that the baseline CST generated more precipitates of sodium aluminosilicate than the improved CST. The sodium aluminosilicate formed bridges between the CST granules, causing clumps of CST to form in the column. Clumps were visible in the baseline CST column after 1 month of operation and in the improved CST column after 2 months. The cesium capacity of the CST samples from the column tests with recirculating simulant decreased slightly as the run time increased. Most of this decrease could be attributed to the weight of cancrinite (a sodium aluminosilicate) on the CST samples. Tests conducted last year using production batch samples of CST showed a more pronounced drop in cesium capacity under comparable conditions. A column test using the improved CST and once-through simulant showed few problems during 5 months of operation. The pressure drop through the column remained low; however, the CST in the column was clumped together when the final samples were taken after 5 months. The final sample taken from the top 1 cm of the column showed a 65% drop in cesium capacity compared with all the other samples from this column. This sample also contained the highest concentration of cancrinite, but the weight of cancrinite would only account for a small fraction of the drop in cesium capacity by simple dilution of the CST. The CST in the batch tests stored at elevated temperatures in average simulant formed clumps, but this occurred at a slower rate than that observed last year during comparable tests using production batch samples of CST. Storage at elevated temperatures caused a gradual decrease in cesium capacity as the storage time increased, with a loss in capacity of up to 20% after 5 to 6 months at 80degreesC. The results for the baseline and improved CST samples were essentially the same for these batch tests. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taylor, PA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mattus, Catherine/E-5591-2017 OI Mattus, Catherine/0000-0002-4574-1588 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3031 EP 3048 DI 10.1081/SS-120022585 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300024 ER PT J AU Wilmarth, WR Walker, DD Fondeur, FF Fink, SD Nyman, M Krumhansel, J Mills, JT Dukes, VH Croy, BH AF Wilmarth, WR Walker, DD Fondeur, FF Fink, SD Nyman, M Krumhansel, J Mills, JT Dukes, VH Croy, BH TI Examination of preproduction samples of UOPIONSIV (R) IE-910 and IE-911 SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE salt waste processing facility; cesium AB Researchers from across the Department of Energy (DOE) complex performed experiments to assess the impact of manufacturing changes on the use of IONSIV(R) IE-911, the engineered form of crystalline silicotitanate (CST), for the removal of cesium from Savannah River Site (SRS) high-level waste. Prompted by previously supplied data, UOP changed the manufacturing process to minimize the chemical instability of the inorganic sorbent that manifests itself as niobium and silicon leaching. This report includes results of the extensive examination of newly prepared laboratory-scale and preproduction samples of caustic-washed CST as compared to similar performance data for commercially available and baseline samples. Testing indicates that the revised manufacturing process removed most of the niobium (Nb) that previously readily leached from the sorbent under test conditions. The revised manufacturing also reduced the amount of easily leached silicon (Si), but a significant fraction of this material remains. Microscopic analysis indicates the presence of amorphous Si. Cesium capacity (mg Cs/g CST) or distribution coefficient (K-d) of the preproduction sample compares favorably to the baseline sample and exceeds that observed for the laboratory-scale sample made using the revised manufacturing process. Column breakthrough experiment indicates that the manufacturing change did not affect the mass-transfer zone length. Lastly, pore analysis, particle size, thermal behavior, and packing density measurements indicate that the manufacturing process change does not affect these bulk proper-ties for the engineered material. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilmarth, WR (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3075 EP 3091 DI 10.1081/SS-120022587 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300026 ER PT J AU King, WD Hassan, NM McCabe, DJ Hamm, LL Johnson, ME AF King, WD Hassan, NM McCabe, DJ Hamm, LL Johnson, ME TI Technetium removal from Hanford and Savannah River Site actual tank waste supernates with Superlig (R) 639 resin SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div AB SuperLig 639 elutable, organic resin was selected for technetium (as pertechnetate ion) removal from Hanford Site radioactive waste samples as part of the River Protection Project-Waste Treatment Plant (RPP-WTP) design. In support of the RPP-WTP flow sheet development, column tests have been performed at the Savannah River Technology Center with SuperLig 639 resin using actual Hanford Site tank waste samples. The resin was shown to be highly effective at pertechnetate removal from these caustic, high-sodium, aqueous waste samples. Pertechnetate ion was subsequently eluted from the columns with water. An additional column test conducted on a Savannah River Site waste sample revealed exceptional performance, presumably due to the fact that lower concentrations of competing anions (primarily nitrate) were present in the sample. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Hanford Grp Inc, CH2MHILL, Richland, WA USA. RP King, WD (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3093 EP 3114 DI 10.1081/SS-120022588 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300027 ER PT J AU Rapko, BM Vienna, JD AF Rapko, BM Vienna, JD TI Selective leaching of chromium from washed 241-S-110 Hanford tank sludge SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE ferrate; permanganate; persulfate; oxidative leaching; Hanford tank sludge AB This report describes our continuing studies directed at enhancing the dissolution of Cr(III) from Hanford tank sludges by treatment with oxidants under alkaline conditions. This study evaluates the use of ferrate, FeO42-, permanganate, MnO4-, and persulfate, S2O82-, for selectively removing chromium from washed Hanford Tank 241-S-110 sludge. Variables examined include the initial hydroxide concentration, time, and temperature. It was found that all oxidants enhanced both the rate and extent of chromium dissolution, with more than 90% of the total chromium being dissolved under optimum conditions after 48-h contact times. The dissolved chromium was determined to be present as chromate, CrO42-. Elevated transuranic (TRU) element concentrations in the leach solutions were observed, attributed to enhanced Pu dissolution, but in all cases, an immobilized form of the leach solutions would not be a TRU waste. Evaluation of the immobilized high-level waste (IHLW) that would be generated following oxidative alkaline leaching indicates that both extensive Al and Cr removal are needed to maximize the benefit of pretreatment. The amount of IHLW waste would be reduced by 20% by the almost quantitative At removal documented to be possible through an extended caustic leach. Oxidative leaching of chromium sufficient to remove 95% of the remaining Cr provides for a further reduction of almost 50% in the amount of glass produced, for a total of roughly 70% volume reduction in glass over that produced from the washed, but otherwise untreated, 241-S-110 sludge. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rapko, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3145 EP 3173 DI 10.1081/SS-120022591 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300030 ER PT J AU Fondeur, FF Hang, T Walker, DD Wilmarth, WR Fink, SD AF Fondeur, FF Hang, T Walker, DD Wilmarth, WR Fink, SD TI The effect of carbonate, oxalate, and peroxide on the cesium loading of IONSIV (R) IE-910 and IE-911 SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div ID HYDROUS CRYSTALLINE SILICOTITANATES; ION-EXCHANGE; STRONTIUM AB This study investigated the effect of salt solution chemistry on cesium loading of IONSIV(R) IE-911 (UOP LLC, Des Plaines, IL). The Savannah River Site (SRS) explored the use of this sorbent to remove cesium from the 35-million gallons of nuclear waste-supernatant and salt cake-stored on site. The proposed project has a cost estimated between $1.14 to $1.35 billion. The U.S. Department of Energy identified this technology as a backup in the Record of Decision. This study focused on salt solutions with different levels of carbonate, oxalate, and peroxide. The experiments examined the influence of these trace components on the performance of the sorbent, as even apparent minor variances in performance can dramatically influence the life-cycle cost of the project. Cesium loading on IE-911 increased with carbonate content in the simulated salt solution. Over the range of concentration (0 to 0.7 M) expected in SRS waste, the cesium loading increased by 38%. The variance likely results from a shift in sodium activity in the solution for increasing carbonate concentration. Removing (0-M) oxalate from simulated "average" salt solution had no effect on cesium loading. Peroxide at 0.1 M decreased the cesium loading on IE-911 by 16%. The expected peroxide concentration in average SRS waste is estimated as 2.6 x 10(-6) M. At this concentration level, interpolation of the data suggests no peroxide effect on cesium loading. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Wilmarth, WR (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3175 EP 3188 DI 10.1081/SS-120022592 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300031 ER PT J AU Stone, ML Polson, LA AF Stone, ML Polson, LA TI Chlorocarbon permeabilities of several polymeric membranes determined by membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE polymer membranes; permeability; MIMS ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB Membrane introduction mass spectrometry uses a semipermeable membrane to enhance the response of a mass spectrometer. The chemical composition of the membrane determines its permeation rates to various species. Careful selection of the membrane may make it possible to characterize more definitively close members of a chemical family. This article gives the results of an initial survey of the permeabilities, as determined by MIMS, of a variety of polymers to a family of chlorocarbons that are often the major components of subsurface remediation concerns. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stone, ML (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3215 EP 3223 DI 10.1081/SS-120022594 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300033 ER PT J AU Orme, CJ Stone, ML Benson, MT Peterson, ES AF Orme, CJ Stone, ML Benson, MT Peterson, ES TI Testing of polymer membranes for the selective permeability of hydrogen SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE polymer membranes; gas separations; hydrogen permeability ID GAS PERMEATION; DIFFUSION AB Selective gas barriers are of prime importance in thin polymer membranes. The focus of this work was to find a polymer membrane that allows the transport of H(2) and acts as a barrier to CO(2) and chlorinated organics. Membrane screening has included the following testing: single gas permeability measurements, mixed gas separations, and polymer physical characterization. Single gas permeability measurements were made using the time-lag method for five gases (H(2), O(2), N(2), CO(2), and CH(4)). Permeability coefficients and selectivities for the gas pair H(2)/CO(2) are presented. Mixed gas separations were performed to measure actual separation factors for H(2)/CCl(4) and to determine the effects on hydrogen permeability caused by exposing polymers to chlorinated hydrocarbons. The results of basic polymer characterization, such as polymer density and glass transitions, are addressed. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stone, ML (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM mls2@inel.gov RI Benson, Michael/B-8855-2017; Peterson, Eric/B-9127-2017 OI Benson, Michael/0000-0003-4927-614X; Peterson, Eric/0000-0002-2292-4939 NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3225 EP 3238 DI 10.1081/SS-120022595 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300034 ER PT J AU Wilmarth, WR Thompson, MC Martino, CJ Dukes, VH Mills, JT Boley, CS Lewis, BL AF Wilmarth, WR Thompson, MC Martino, CJ Dukes, VH Mills, JT Boley, CS Lewis, BL TI Nitric acid cleaning of a sodalite-sodium diuranate scale in high level-waste evaporators SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE evaporator; chemical cleaning; aluminosilicate AB The operation of a high-level radioactive waste evaporator was curtailed due to the presence of an aluminosilicate scale that contained sodium diuranate with a uranium-235 enrichment of approximately 3%. Utilizing pervious work, a plan to clean the evaporator system using a heated nitric acid and depleted uranium mixture was developed that addressed numerous safety issues. The sodium aluminosilicate scale was successfully removed during two cleaning cycles, but soluble silicon was not present in measurable quantities in the liquid samples taken during cleaning. Although this phenomenon was not observed in the laboratory tests, silicon was detected in a loose, solid phase discovered in the evaporator cone after the first cleaning cycle. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Waste Proc Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wilmarth, WR (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Waste Proc Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3249 EP 3271 DI 10.1081/SS-120022597 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300036 ER PT J AU Perkins, LW Klasson, KT Counce, RM Bienkowski, PR AF Perkins, LW Klasson, KT Counce, RM Bienkowski, PR TI Preliminary investigation of nitro-hydrolysis for wastewater sludge treatment SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE excess sludge; sludge; biosolids; wastewater AB Activated sludge waste treatment facilities generate a waste stream, in the underflow, that consists of 3 to 5 wt% biosoilds that are not readily biodegradable and must be disposed of as a solid waste. Conventional disposal methods for this biosludge consist of landfills, land farming, wet air oxidation, and incineration, all of which add substantially to the cost of operating a municipal wastewater treatment facility. Bench-scale batch experiments were conducted with a 4.1 wt% biosludge stream obtained from the Knoxville Utility Board (KUB) Kuhawee treatment facility. These experiments demonstrated that treatment with dilute nitric acid at 180degreesC at 200 psia initiates a hydrolysis reaction that converts 40 to 82% of the biosolids to biodegradable substances suitable for recycle back to the treatment facility. The experimental design consisted of varying the nitric acid concentration from 1.5 to 11.2 wt% and the residence time between 5 and 20 minutes. At these conditions, the initial hydrolysis reaction is rapid, destroying most of the biosolids within 5 minutes. The products of this reaction consisted mainly of carboxylic acids that may be recoverable and sold commercially. The stoichiometry of the reaction was investigated and the kinetics was determined to be first order in nitric acid concentration. Results of these batch experiments performed on municipal sludge partially confirm the patent literature data that used a plug flow reactor and industrial sludge. Future work will expand this study to include a complete factorial design of this process by investigating four possible reaction variables: residence time, reaction temperature, acid concentration, and feed solids concentration in detail, with the objective of developing comprehensive kinetics for the process. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Perkins, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3273 EP 3288 DI 10.1081/SS-120022598 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300037 ER PT J AU Kwon, KC Park, Y Gangwal, SK Das, K AF Kwon, KC Park, Y Gangwal, SK Das, K TI Reactivity of sorbents with hot hydrogen sulfide in the presence of moisture and hydrogen SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE metal oxide sorbents; surface reaction; intraparticle diffusion; hydrogen sulfide; coal gases; gas clean-up; IGCC; transport reactor; gas-solid reaction ID TITANIUM-OXIDE SORBENTS; ZINC-OXIDE; H2S; TITANATE; SOLIDS; GAS AB Hot-gas desulfurization for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) process has been investigated by many researchers to remove effectively hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with various metal oxide sorbents at elevated temperatures. Various metal oxide sorbents are formulated with metal oxides such as Fe, Co, Zn, and Ti. In this article, reactivity of AHI-1 sorbent, obtained from the Research Triangle Institute (RTI), was investigated. Initial reactivity of AHI-1 sorbent with hydrogen sulfide was studied in the presence of various amounts of moisture and hydrogen at various reaction temperatures. AHI-1 sorbent consists of 20-w% Fe2O3, 10-w% ZnO, and 70-w% spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC). The objectives of this research were to study initial reaction kinetics for the AHI-1 sorbent-hydrogen sulfide heterogeneous reaction system, to investigate effects of concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and moisture on dynamic absorption of H2S into the sorbent, to understand effects of space time of reaction gas mixtures on initial reaction kinetics of the sorbent-hydrogen sulfide system, and to evaluate effects of temperature and sorbent amounts on dynamic absorption of H2S into the sorbent. Experimental data on initial reaction kinetics of hydrogen sulfide with the metal oxide sorbent were obtained with a 0.83-cm(3) differential reactor. The sorbent in the form of 130-mum particles was reacted with 1000 to 4000 ppm hydrogen sulfide at 450 to 600degreesC. The range of space time of reaction gas mixtures is 0.03 to 0.09 s. The range of reaction duration is 4 to 14,400 s. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Sch Engn & Architecture, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Kwon, KC (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Sch Engn & Architecture, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3289 EP 3311 DI 10.1081/SS-120022599 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300038 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Borkowski, M Ferraro, JR Thiyagarajan, P Littrell, KC AF Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Borkowski, M Ferraro, JR Thiyagarajan, P Littrell, KC TI SANS study of third phase formation in the U(V1)-HNO3/TBP-n-dodecane system SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE third phase; U(VI); TBP ID 3RD PHASE-FORMATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NITRIC-ACID EXTRACTION; METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; METAL-CATIONS; AGGREGATION; COMPLEXES AB In spite of its technological importance, third phase formation in the extraction of hexavalent actinides from nitric acid solutions into alkane solutions of tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) has received only limited attention. The focus of the few available literature works has been primarily centered on the composition of the third phase and on the stoichiometry of the metal complexes. Very little is known, on the other hand, about the structure and morphology of the third phase species of hexavalent actinides. In the present investigation, the formation of a third phase upon extraction of U(VI) by 20% TBP in deuterated n-dodecane from nitric acid solutions was studied. Chemical analyses have shown that U(VI) exists in the third phase as a species having the composition UO2(NO3)(2).(TBP)(2).HNO3. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements on TBP solutions loaded with only HNO3 or with increasing amounts of U(VI) have revealed the presence, both before and after phase splitting, of relatively large ellipsoidal aggregates with the parallel and perpendicular axes having lengths up to about 64 and 15 Angstrom, respectively. The formation of these aggregates is observed in all cases, that is, when only HNO3, only UO2(NO3)(2), or both HNO3 and UO2(NO3)(2) are extracted by the TBP solution. Upon third phase formation, the SANS data reveal the presence of smaller aggregates in both the heavy and light organic phase. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3313 EP 3331 DI 10.1081/SS-120022601 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300039 ER PT J AU Borkowski, M Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Ferraro, JR Thiyagarajan, P Littrell, KC AF Borkowski, M Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Ferraro, JR Thiyagarajan, P Littrell, KC TI SANS study of third phase formation in the Th(IV)-HNO3/TBP-n-octane system SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 14-18, 2001 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Separat div DE third phase; Th(VI); TBP ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NITRIC-ACID EXTRACTION; 3RD PHASE-FORMATION; METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; METAL-CATIONS; AGGREGATION; COMPLEXES AB Formation of a third organic phase at high metal loading in the extraction of tetravalent actinides by TBP in aliphatic diluents has been investigated mostly from the standpoint of the composition of the organic phase species before and after phase splitting. Very little is known of the structure and morphology of the organic phase species. In this work, a study of third phase formation upon either dissolution of Th(NO3)(4) in 20% TBP in n-octane or Th(NO3)(4) extraction from 1 M HNO3 by 20% TBP in n-octane is reported. Chemical analyses have shown that, under the conditions of this work, Th(IV) exists in the organic phase mainly as the trisolvate Th(NO3)(4).(TBP)(3). The third phase species also contains a small amount of HNO3, presumably hydrogen-bonded to the trisolvate complex. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements on TBP solutions loaded with only HNO3 or with increasing amounts of Th(IV) revealed the presence, before phase splitting, of large ellipsoidal aggregates with the parallel and perpendicular axes having lengths up to about 230 and 24 A, respectively. Although the formation of these aggregates is observed in all cases, that is, when only HNO3, only Th(NO3)(4), or both HNO3 and Th(NO3)(4) are extracted by the TBP solution, the size of the aggregates is largest in the latter case. Formation of these aggregates is probably the main reason for phase splitting. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 21 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 12-13 BP 3333 EP 3351 DI 10.1081/SS-120022600 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 711AE UT WOS:000184714300040 ER PT J AU Yantasee, W Lin, YH Fryxell, GE Busche, BJ Birnbaum, JC AF Yantasee, W Lin, YH Fryxell, GE Busche, BJ Birnbaum, JC TI Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using novel nanoengineered sorbents: Self-assembled carbamoylphosphonic acids on mesoporous silica SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous silica; MCM-41; carbamoylphosphonic acid; kinetics; equilibrium; adsorption ID ION-EXCHANGE RESIN; CHELATING RESINS; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; DIPHOSPHONIC ACID; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SUPPORTS; SEPARATION; ADSORBENTS; ADSORPTION; MECHANISM AB Self-assembled monolayers of carbamoylphosphonic acids (acetamide phosphonic acid and propionamide phosphonic acid) on mesoporous silica supports were studied as potential absorbents for heavy and transition metal ions in aqueous wastes. The adsorption capacity, selectivity, and kinetics of the materials in sequestering metal ions, including Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+, were measured in batch experiments with excess sodium ion. The solution pH ranged from 2.2 to 5.5. The kinetics study shows that the adsorption reached equilibrium in seconds, indicating that there is little resistance to mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and surface chemical reaction. The competitive adsorption study found the phosphonic acid-SAMMS to have an affinity for divalent metal ions in decreasing order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Mn2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+. The measured Cd2+ adsorption isotherm was of the Langmuirian type and had a saturation binding capacity of 0.32 mmol/g. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yantasee, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K6-28, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 31 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 23 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 15 BP 3809 EP 3825 DI 10.1081/SS-120024232 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 727TW UT WOS:000185677800011 ER PT B AU Horner, JK AF Horner, JK BE AlAni, B Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI The development programmatics of large scientific codes SO SERP'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE software engineering; software estimation; COCOMO; function point; software project management AB It is often claimed that the development of a large scientific code (LSC, 100,000+ source lines of code (SLOC)) requires effort and schedule that are very different from those of other large software systems (such as large commercial databases or large DoD command-and-control systems). Here I postdict the effort and schedule of LSCs using the COCOMO ([2], [6]) and Capers Jones "backfiring" estimation [4] models, then compare those postdictions with the effort and schedule of six LSCs from the Department of Energy Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative [5]. These postdictions (similar to10-yr schedule, similar to10,000 person-month effort) agree well with the actual programmatics of the selected codes. These results demonstrate that the analyzed LSCs have effort and schedule characteristics that are similar to those of any other large software system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Horner, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, LANL-CCN-8,MS T080, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-21-1 PY 2003 BP 224 EP 227 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BY09H UT WOS:000187617100034 ER PT B AU Gorton, I Almquist, J Cramer, N Haack, J Hoza, M AF Gorton, I Almquist, J Cramer, N Haack, J Hoza, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An efficient, scalable content-based messaging system SO SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE DISTRIBUTED OBJECT COMPUTING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference CY SEP 16-19, 2003 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, DSTC, ACM, Object Management Grp AB Large-scale information processing environments must rapidly search through massive streams of raw data to locate useful information. These data streams contain textual and numeric data items, and may be highly structured or mostly freeform text. This project aims to create a high performance and scalable engine for locating relevant content in data streams. Based on the J2EE Java Messaging Service (JMS), the content-based messaging (CBM) engine provides highly efficient message formatting and filtering. This paper describes the design of the CBM engine, and presents empirical results that compare the performance with a standard JMS to demonstrate the performance improvements that are achieved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Ian.gorton@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1994-6 PY 2003 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1109/EDOC.2003.1233856 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX66J UT WOS:000186053700024 ER PT J AU Smallwood, D AF Smallwood, D TI The variance of energy estimates for the product model SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB A product model, in which {x(t)}, is the product of a slowly varying random window, {w(t)}, and a stationary random process, {g(t)}, is defined. A single realization of the process will be defined as x(t). This is slightly different from the usual definition of the product model where the window is typically defined as deterministic. An estimate of the energy (the zero order temporal moment, only in special cases is this physical energy) of the random process, {x(t)}, is defined as m(0)=integral(-infinity)(infinity)|x(t)|(2)dt=integral(-infinity)(infinity)|w(t)g(t)|(2)dt Relationships for the mean and variance of the energy estimates, m(0), are then developed. It is shown that for many cases the uncertainty (4pi times the product of rms duration, D-t, and rms bandwidth, D-f) is approximately the inverse of the normalized variance of the energy. The uncertainty is a quantitative measure of the expected error in the energy estimate. If a transient has a significant random component, a small uncertainty parameter implies large error in the energy estimate. Attempts to resolve a time/frequency spectrum near the uncertainty limits of a transient with a significant random component will result in large errors in the spectral estimates. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smallwood, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 211 EP 221 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 727BU UT WOS:000185636800001 ER PT S AU Bunce, G AF Bunce, G BE Kursunoglu, BN Camcigil, M Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI The physics of RHIC spin SO SHORT DISTANCE BEHAVIOR OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Coral Gables Conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology CY DEC 11-14, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Global Fdn ID SCATTERING; PROTONS AB We have started a program of colliding polarized protons in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven. This is the first polarized proton collider. We plan to probe the spin structure of the proton with strongly interacting probes, polarized quarks and gluons, to complement work with polarized lepton probes which observed that only 25% of the proton spin is carried by quarks and anti-quarks. We will also use parity violation to search for new physics, such as quark substructure or a Z' boson. The collider is unique. We will be probing QCD with a completely new tool. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bunce, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0139-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 672 BP 100 EP 109 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX04C UT WOS:000184043500009 ER PT S AU Yeh, MF AF Yeh, MF BE Kursunoglu, BN Camcigil, M Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Recent SNO results SO SHORT DISTANCE BEHAVIOR OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Coral Gables Conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology CY DEC 11-14, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Global Fdn AB Solar Neutrinos from the decay of B-8 have been detected at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) by charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) interactions on deuterium and elastic scattering (ES) of electrons. The SNO data indicate that with the assumption of undistorted B-8 shape, the flux for nu(e) is phi(e) = 1.76(-0.05)(+0.05) (stat.)(-0.09)(+0.09) (syst.) X 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1) for a kinetic energy threshold of 5 MeV. The non-nu(e) flux is phi(mutau) = 3.41(-0.45)(+0.45) (stat.)(-0.45)(+0.48) (syst.) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1). This provides strong evidence for solar nu(e) flavor transformation. The day and night solar neutrino energy spectra and rates have also been measured. For CC events, the v. asymmetry is 14.0% 6.3%(+1.5)(-1.4)%. By additionally constraining the total (NC) flux of active neutrinos to have no asymmetry, the v, asymmetry becomes 7.0% +/- 4.9%(+1.3)(-1.2)%. A global solar neutrino analysis strongly favors the Large Mixing Angle (LMA) solution in a two-flavor neutrino oscillation model. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yeh, MF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0139-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 672 BP 126 EP 132 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX04C UT WOS:000184043500012 ER PT S AU Zachos, CK Curtright, TL AF Zachos, CK Curtright, TL BE Kursunoglu, BN Camcigil, M Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Deformation quantization of Nambu mechanics SO SHORT DISTANCE BEHAVIOR OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Coral Gables Conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology CY DEC 11-14, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Global Fdn ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS; DYNAMICAL SYMMETRIES; POISSON STRUCTURES; SPHERICAL GEOMETRY; EXACT SOLVABILITY; SIGMA-MODELS; LIE-ALGEBRAS; PHASE-SPACE; SUPERINTEGRABILITY AB Phase Space is the framework best suited for quantizing superintegrable systems-systems with more conserved quantities than degrees of freedom, In this quantization method, the symmetry algebras of the hamiltonian invariants are preserved most naturally, as illustrated on non-linear sigma-models, specifically for Chiral Models and de Sitter N-spheres. Classically, the dynamics of superintegrable models such as these is automatically also described by Nambu Brackets involving the extra symmetry invariants of them. The phase-space quantization worked out then leads to the quantization of the corresponding Nambu Brackets, validating Nambu's original proposal, despite excessive fears of inconsistency which have arisen over the years. This is a pedagogical talk based on [1, 2], stressing points of interpretation and care needed in appreciating the consistency of Quantum. Nambu Brackets in phase space. For a parallel discussion in Hilbert space, see T Curtright's contribution in these Proceedings, [hep-th/0303088]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zachos, CK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zachos@hep.anl.gov; curtright@physics.miami.edu RI Curtright, Thomas/B-6840-2015 NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0139-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 672 BP 183 EP 196 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX04C UT WOS:000184043500017 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Staley, MF AF Holm, DD Staley, MF TI Wave structure and nonlinear balances in a family of evolutionary PDEs SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE symmetries and conservation laws, reverse symmetries, invariant manifolds and their bifurcations, reduction; Hamilton's principle; Hamiltonian structures, symmetries, variational principles, conservation laws; Hamiltonian systems on groups of diffeomorphisms and on manifolds of mappings and metrics ID CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATION; SHALLOW-WATER; BACKLUND-TRANSFORMATIONS; HEREDITARY SYMMETRIES; BILLIARD SOLUTIONS; PEAKED SOLITONS; GEOMETRY; MODELS AB We investigate the following family of evolutionary 1 + 1 PDEs that describes the balance between convection and stretching for small viscosity in the dynamics of one-dimensional nonlinear waves in fluids: [GRAPHICS] Here u = g * m denotes u(x) = integral(-infinity)(infinity) g(x-y)m(y) dy. This convolution (or filtering) relates velocity u to momentum density m by integration against the kernel g(x). We shall choose g(x) to be an even function so that u and m have the same parity under spatial reflection. When nu = 0, this equation is both reversible in time and parity invariant. We shall study the effects of the balance parameter b and the kernel g( x) on the solitary wave structures and investigate their interactions analytically for nu = 0 and numerically for small or zero viscosity. This family of equations admits the classic Burgers "ramps and cliffs" solutions, which are stable for -1 < b < 1 with small viscosity. For b < -1, the Burgers ramps and cliffs are unstable. The stable solution for b < -1 moves leftward instead of rightward and tends to a stationary profile. When m = u-alpha(2) u(xx) and nu = 0, this profile is given by u(x) similar or equal to sech(2)(x/(2alpha)) for b = -2 and by u(x) similar or equal to sech(x/alpha) for b = -3. For b > 1, the Burgers ramps and cliffs are again unstable. The stable solitary traveling wave for b > 1 and nu = 0 is the "pulson" u(x, t) = cg(x-ct), which restricts to the "peakon" in the special case g(x) = e(-|x|/alpha) when m = u-alpha(2) u(xx). Nonlinear interactions among these pulsons or peakons are governed by the superposition of solutions for b > 1 and nu = 0, [GRAPHICS] These pulson solutions obey a finite-dimensional dynamical system for the time-dependent speeds p(i)(t) and positions q(i)(t). We study the pulson and peakon interactions analytically, and we determine their fate numerically under adding viscosity. Finally, as outlook, we propose an n-dimensional vector version of this evolutionary equation with convection and stretching, namely, [GRAPHICS] for a defining relation, u = G * m. These solutions show quasi-one-dimensional behavior for n, k = 2, 1 that we find numerically to be stable for b = 2. The corresponding superposed solutions of the vector b-equation in n dimensions exist, with coordinates x is an element of R-n, s is an element of R-k, n - k > 0, and 2N parameters P-i(s, t), Q(i)(s, t) is an element of R-n, [GRAPHICS] These are momentum surfaces (or filaments for k = 1), defined on surfaces (or curves) x = Q(i)(s, t), i = 1, 2,..., N. For b = 2, the P-i(s, t), Q(i)(s, t) is an element of R-n satisfy canonical Hamiltonian equations for geodesic motion on the space of n-vector valued k-surfaces with cometric G. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov; mstaley@lanl.gov OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 39 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 323 EP 380 DI 10.1137/S1111111102410943 PG 58 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 810VC UT WOS:000220730800003 ER PT J AU De Hoop, MV Gautesen, AK AF De Hoop, MV Gautesen, AK TI Uniform asymptotic expansion of the square-root Helmholtz operator and the one-way wave propagator SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE wave field decomposition; Bremmer series; uniform asymptotics ID GENERALIZED BREMMER SERIES; APPROXIMATION; SCATTERING AB The Bremmer coupling series solution of the wave equation, in generally inhomogeneous media, requires the introduction of pseudo differential operators. Such operators appear in the diagonalization process of the acoustic system's matrix of partial differential operators upon extracting a principal direction of (one-way) propagation. In this paper, in three dimensions, uniform asymptotic expansions of the Schwartz kernels of these operators are derived. Also, we derive a uniform asymptotic expansion of the one-way propagator appearing in the series. We focus on designing closed-form representations, valid in the high-frequency limit, taking into account critical scattering-angle phenomena. The latter phenomena are not dealt with in the standard calculus of pseudodifferential operators. Our expansion is not limited by propagation angle. In principle, the uniform asymptotic expansion of a kernel follows by matching its asymptotic behaviors away and near its diagonal. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP De Hoop, MV (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 777 EP 800 AR PII S0036139902402300 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 662DJ UT WOS:000181930700002 ER PT J AU Margolis, SB Gardner, TJ AF Margolis, SB Gardner, TJ TI An asymptotic model of nonadiabatic catalytic flames in stagnation-point flow SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE combustion; catalysis; catalytic flames; nonadiabaticity; extinction limits; stability; asymptotic analysis; matched asymptotic expansions ID EXTINCTION LIMITS; COMBUSTION; HYDROGEN; PLATINUM AB A formal asymptotic model is derived for a nonadiabatic catalytic flame in stagnation point flow. In the present context, the premixed reaction in the bulk gas is augmented by a surface catalytic reaction on the stagnation plane, where conductive heat losses are allowed to occur. In addition, the thermal effects of a finite-volume combustor are accounted for by allowing for volumetric heat losses from the bulk gas. The analysis exploits the near-equidiffusional limit corresponding to near-unity Lewis numbers, and yields a general nonsteady nonplanar model for the reactionless outer flow subject to boundary conditions that reflect both surface catalysis and distributed chemical reaction in a thin boundary layer. For the case of steady planar combustion, the surface-temperature response indicates the possibility of multiple solution branches, which are shown to be linearly stable, and a corresponding extension of the extinction limit that demonstrates how the presence of a surface catalyst can counterbalance the extinguishing effects of heat loss and stretch in nonadiabatic strained flames. The present model is particularly relevant for small-volume combustors, where the increased surface-to-volume ratio can lead to extinction of the nonadiabatic flame in the absence of a catalyst. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Margolis, SB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 1083 EP 1103 AR PII S0036139902402452 DI 10.1137/S0036139902402452 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 662DJ UT WOS:000181930700016 ER PT J AU Romero, LA AF Romero, LA TI Passive levitation in alternating magnetic fields SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Levitron; stability; magnets ID LEVITRON(TM); STABILITY AB In this paper we analyze the stability of a levitated axisymmetric top carrying a system of permanent magnets in an alternating magnetic field. We show that there are stable configurations where the top is stationary, and the alternating magnetic field stabilizes the equilibrium position. We show that one mechanism for achieving stability is to periodically change the coupling between the rotational and translational degrees of freedom. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Romero, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2003 VL 63 IS 6 BP 2155 EP 2175 DI 10.1137/S003613990241031X PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 730DF UT WOS:000185813400013 ER PT J AU Romero, LA AF Romero, LA TI Spin stabilized magnetic levitation of horizontal rotors SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Levitron; stability; magnets ID LEVITRON(TM) AB In this paper we present an analysis of a new configuration for achieving spin stabilized magnetic levitation. In the classical configuration, the rotor spins about a vertical axis; the spin stabilizes the lateral instability of the top in the magnetic field. In this new configuration the rotor spins about a horizontal axis; the spin stabilizes the axial instability of the top in the magnetic field. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Numer Math Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Romero, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Numer Math Div, MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2003 VL 63 IS 6 BP 2176 EP 2194 DI 10.1137/S0036139902406899 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 730DF UT WOS:000185813400014 ER PT J AU Eidenbenz, SJ Widmayer, P AF Eidenbenz, SJ Widmayer, P TI An approximation algorithm for minimum convex cover with logarithmic performance guarantee SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE convex cover; art gallery; inapproximability; approximation algorithms; dynamic programming ID POLYGONS; HOLES; HARD AB The problem Minimum Convex Cover of covering a given polygon with a minimum number of (possibly overlapping) convex polygons is known to be NP-hard, even for polygons without holes [J. C. Culberson and R. A. Reckhow, J. Algorithms, 17 (1994), pp. 2-44]. We propose a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for this problem for polygons with or without holes that achieves an approximation ratio of O(log n), where n is the number of vertices in the input polygon. To obtain this result, we first show that an optimum solution of a restricted version of this problem, where the vertices of the convex polygons may lie only on a certain grid, contains at most three times as many convex polygons as the optimum solution of the unrestricted problem. As a second step, we use dynamic programming to obtain a convex polygon which is maximum with respect to the number of "basic triangles" that are not yet covered by another convex polygon. We obtain a solution that is at most a logarithmic factor off the optimum by iteratively applying our dynamic programming algorithm. Furthermore, we show that Minimum Convex Cover is APX-hard; i.e., there exists a constant delta > 0 such that no polynomial-time algorithm can achieve an approximation ratio of 1 + delta. We obtain this result by analyzing and slightly modifying an already existing reduction [J. C. Culberson and R. A. Reckhow, J. Algorithms, 17 (1994), pp. 2-44]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Eidenbenz, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PY 2003 VL 32 IS 3 BP 654 EP 670 AR PII S0097539702405139 DI 10.1137/S0097539702405139 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 688VY UT WOS:000183459000005 ER PT J AU Kumar, VSA Ramesh, H AF Kumar, VSA Ramesh, H TI Covering rectilinear polygons with axis-parallel rectangles SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE approximation algorithms; covering polygons ID ALGORITHMS AB We give an O(root log n) factor approximation algorithm for covering a rectilinear polygon with holes using axis-parallel rectangles. This is the first polynomial time approximation algorithm for this problem with an o(log n) approximation factor. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Automat, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Kumar, VSA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-5, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1509 EP 1541 DI 10.1137/S0097539799358835 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 746UT UT WOS:000186766600008 ER PT J AU Boman, EG Hendrickson, B AF Boman, EG Hendrickson, B TI Support theory for preconditioning SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE preconditioning; eigenvalue bounds; condition number; support theory ID CONDITIONING ANALYSIS; EIGENVALUE BOUNDS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; MATRICES; PENCILS; ELEMENT AB We present support theory, a set of techniques for bounding extreme eigenvalues and condition numbers for matrix pencils. Our intended application of support theory is to enable proving condition number bounds for preconditioners for symmetric, positive definite systems. One key feature sets our approach apart from most other works: We use support numbers instead of generalized eigenvalues. Although closely related, we believe support numbers are more convenient to work with algebraically. This paper provides the theoretical foundation of support theory and describes a set of analytical tools and techniques. For example, we present a new theorem for bounding support numbers ( generalized eigenvalues) where the matrices have a known factorization ( not necessarily square or triangular). This result generalizes earlier results based on graph theory. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by a simple example: block Jacobi preconditioning on a model problem. Also, our analysis of a new class of preconditioners, maximum-weight basis preconditioners, in [E. G. Boman, D. Chen, B. Hendrickson, and S. Toledo, Numer. Linear Algebra Appl., to appear] is based on results contained in this paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boman, EG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eboman@cs.sandia.gov; bah@cs.sandia.gov NR 35 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 694 EP 717 DI 10.1137/S0895479801390637 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 815EY UT WOS:000221026800008 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY Zha, HY Simon, H AF Zhang, ZY Zha, HY Simon, H TI Low-rank approximations with sparse factors II: Penalized methods with discrete Newton-like iterations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE low-rank matrix approximation; singular value decomposition; sparse factorization; perturbation analysis ID MATRIX; ALGORITHMS AB In [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 23 (2002), pp. 706 - 727], we developed numerical algorithms for computing sparse low-rank approximations of matrices, and we also provided a detailed error analysis of the proposed algorithms together with some numerical experiments. The low-rank approximations are constructed in a certain factored form with the degree of sparsity of the factors controlled by some user-specified parameters. In this paper, we cast the sparse low-rank approximation problem in the framework of penalized optimization problems. We discuss various approximation schemes for the penalized optimization problem which are more amenable to numerical computations. We also include some analysis to show the relations between the original optimization problem and the reduced one. We then develop a globally convergent discrete Newton-like iterative method for solving the approximate penalized optimization problems. We also compare the reconstruction errors of the sparse low-rank approximations computed by our new methods with those obtained using the methods in the earlier paper and several other existing methods for computing sparse low-rank approximations. Numerical examples show that the penalized methods are more robust and produce approximations with factors which have fewer columns and are sparser. C1 Zhejiang Univ, Dept Math, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Math, Yu Quan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM zyzhang@zju.edu.cn; zha@cse.psu.edu; HDSimon@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 901 EP 920 DI 10.1137/S0895479801394477 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 845QQ UT WOS:000223259800001 ER PT J AU Kolda, TG AF Kolda, TG TI A counterexample to the possibility of an extension of the Eckart-Young low-rank approximation theorem for the orthogonal rank tensor decomposition SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE singular value decomposition; principal components analysis; multidimensional arrays; higher-order tensor; multilinear algebra ID SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION AB Earlier work has shown that no extension of the Eckart-Young SVD approximation theorem can be made to the strong orthogonal rank tensor decomposition. Here, we present a counterexample to the extension of the Eckart-Young SVD approximation theorem to the orthogonal rank tensor decomposition, answering an open question previously posed by Kolda [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 23 (2001), pp. 243-355]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Comp Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kolda, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Comp Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009 OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493 NR 5 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 762 EP 767 AR PII S0895479801394465 DI 10.1137/S0895479801394465 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 648LV UT WOS:000181153600010 ER PT J AU Margolin, LG Titi, ES Wynne, S AF Margolin, LG Titi, ES Wynne, S TI The postprocessing Galerkin and nonlinear Galerkin methods - A truncation analysis point of view SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE dissipative equations; spectral methods; approximate inertial manifolds; nonlinear Galerkin methods; postprocessing algorithm; multigrid ID APPROXIMATE INERTIAL MANIFOLDS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; TIME INTEGRATION AB We revisit the postprocessing algorithm and give a justification from a classical truncation analysis point of view. We assume a perturbation expansion for the high frequency mode component of solutions to the underlying equation. Keeping terms to certain orders, we then generate approximate systems which correspond to numerical schemes. We show that the first two leading order methods are in fact the postprocessed Galerkin and postprocessed nonlinear Galerkin methods, respectively. Hence postprocessed Galerkin is a natural leading order method, more natural than the standard Galerkin method, for approximating solutions of parabolic dissipative PDEs. The analysis is presented in the framework of the two-dimensional Navier - Stokes equation (NSE); however, similar analysis may be done for any parabolic, dissipative nonlinear PDE. The truncation analysis is based on asymptotic estimates ( in time) for the low and high mode components. We also introduce and investigate an alternative postprocessing scheme, which we call the dynamic postprocessing method, for the case in which the asymptotic estimates ( in time) do not hold (i.e., in the situation of long transients, nonsmooth initial data, or highly oscillatory time-dependent solutions). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Math, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Comp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Margolin, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 695 EP 714 AR PII S0036142901390500 DI 10.1137/S0036142901390500 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 684YF UT WOS:000183233500014 ER PT J AU Glimm, J Li, XL Liu, YJ Xu, ZL Zhao, N AF Glimm, J Li, XL Liu, YJ Xu, ZL Zhao, N TI Conservative front tracking with improved accuracy SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE front tracking; conservation; contact discontinuity ID ALGORITHMS; INTERFACE; FLOW AB We propose a fully conservative front tracking algorithm for systems of nonlinear conservation laws. The algorithm improves by one order in its convergence rate over most finite difference schemes. Near tracked discontinuities in the solution, the proposed algorithm has O(Deltax) errors, improving over O(1) errors commonly found near a discontinuity. Numerical experiments which confirm these assertions are presented. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11793 USA. Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dept Aerodynam, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China. RP Glimm, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Xu, Zhiliang/O-1718-2014 NR 18 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1926 EP 1947 DI 10.1137/S0036142901388627 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FF UT WOS:000187148700014 ER PT J AU Dolan, ED Lewis, RM Torczon, V AF Dolan, ED Lewis, RM Torczon, V TI On the local convergence of pattern search SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE pattern search; local convergence analysis; global convergence analysis; stopping criteria; desultory rate of convergence ID CONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB We examine the local convergence properties of pattern search methods, complementing the previously established global convergence properties for this class of algorithms. We show that the step-length control parameter which appears in the definition of pattern search algorithms provides a reliable asymptotic measure of first-order stationarity. This gives an analytical justification for a traditional stopping criterion for pattern search methods. Using this measure of first-order stationarity, we both revisit the global convergence properties of pattern search and analyze the behavior of pattern search in the neighborhood of an isolated local minimizer. C1 Northwestern Univ, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Comp Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, ICASE, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Dolan, ED (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 567 EP 583 DI 10.1037/S1052623400374495 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 759MT UT WOS:000187742000015 ER PT J AU Chartier, T Falgout, RD Henson, VE Jones, J Manteuffel, T McCormick, S Ruge, J Vassilevski, PS AF Chartier, T Falgout, RD Henson, VE Jones, J Manteuffel, T McCormick, S Ruge, J Vassilevski, PS TI Spectral AMGe (rho AMGe) SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE algebraic multigrid; spectral methods; iterative methods; finite elements ID MULTILEVEL SOLVER AB We introduce spectral element-based algebraic multigrid (rhoAMGe), a new algebraic multigrid method for solving systems of algebraic equations that arise in Ritz-type finite element discretizations of partial differential equations. The method requires access to the element stiffness matrices, which enables accurate approximation of algebraically "smooth" vectors (i.e., error components that relaxation cannot effectively eliminate). Most other algebraic multigrid methods are based in some manner on predefined concepts of smoothness. Coarse-grid selection and prolongation, for example, are often defined assuming that smooth errors vary slowly in the direction of "strong" connections (relatively large coefficients in the operator matrix). One aim of rhoAMGe is to broaden the range of problems to which the method can be successfully applied by avoiding any implicit premise about the nature of the smooth error. rhoAMGe uses the spectral decomposition of small collections of element stiffness matrices to determine local representations of algebraically smooth error components. This provides a foundation for generating the coarse level and for de. ning effective interpolation. This paper presents a theoretical foundation for rhoAMGe along with numerical experiments demonstrating its robustness. C1 Davidson Coll, Dept Math, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chartier, T (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Dept Math, Box 7129, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. NR 17 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1137/S106482750139892X PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 742YZ UT WOS:000186546800001 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, CR AF Dohrmann, CR TI A preconditioner for substructuring based on constrained energy minimization SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE substructuring; domain decomposition; iterative methods; FETI; balancing domain decomposition ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD; ALGORITHM; PLATE AB A preconditioner for substructuring based on constrained energy minimization concepts is presented. The preconditioner is applicable to both structured and unstructured meshes and offers a straightforward approach for the iterative solution of second- and fourth-order structural mechanics problems. The approach involves constraints associated with disjoint sets of nodes on substructure boundaries. These constraints provide the means for preconditioning at both the substructure and global levels. Numerical examples are presented that demonstrate the good performance of the method in terms of iterations, compute time, and condition numbers of the preconditioned equations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Mail Stop 0847, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 159 Z9 159 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 246 EP 258 DI 10.1137/S1064827502412887 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 742YZ UT WOS:000186546800012 ER PT J AU Dumett, MA Keener, JP AF Dumett, MA Keener, JP TI An immersed interface method for solving anisotropic elliptic boundary value problems in three dimensions SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE immersed interface method; anisotropic Laplacian; Gerschgorin criterion; linear programming ID DISCONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS; EQUATIONS AB We have developed a first-order stable Cartesian grid discretization that uses only interior grid points for inhomogeneous anisotropic elliptic operators subject to Neumann boundary conditions on a bounded nonrectangular geometry in three dimensions. For this discretization method, a necessary and sufficient condition depending on the mesh size h for the existence of this first-order stable scheme at a regular (i.e., interior) grid point is found in terms of the anisotropy matrix. For this discretization method, a way to analyze the existence of a first-order stable scheme at an irregular (i.e., boundary) grid point is also given. The arguments are identical to those for the two-dimensional case [M. A. Dumett and J. P. Keener, A Numerical Method for Solving Anisotropic Elliptic Boundary Value Problems on an Irregular Domain in 2D, manuscript]; only the details change. Unlike in [ M. A. Dumett and J. P. Keener, A Numerical Method for Solving Anisotropic Elliptic Boundary Value Problems on an Irregular Domain in 2D, manuscript], a discussion of Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions is also included. In particular, it is shown that the Gerschgorin condition does not impose sign restrictions on irregular grid points stencil coefficients as in the Neumann case. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Math, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Dumett, MA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Math, DRB 318, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 348 EP 367 DI 10.1137/S106482750240697X PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 742YZ UT WOS:000186546800017 ER PT J AU Thomas, SJ Dennis, JM Tufo, HM Fischer, PF AF Thomas, SJ Dennis, JM Tufo, HM Fischer, PF TI A Schwarz preconditioner for the cubed-sphere SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY MAR 24-29, 2002 CL COPPER MT, COLORADO SP Univ Colorado, SIAM DE shallow water equations; cubed-sphere; semi-implicit; spectral element ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; TEST SET; APPROXIMATIONS AB A spectral element formulation of the atmospheric two-dimensional shallow water equations on the cubed-sphere is described. The equations are written in tensor form using the contravariant and covariant velocity components. A semi-implicit time discretization results in a reduced Schur complement system for the pressure. The Laplacian operator is approximated by the L-2 pseudo-Laplacian arising in the P-N/ PN-2 spectral element formulation of the incompressible Stokes problem. The overlapping Schwarz preconditioner of Fischer, Miller, and Tufo [ An overlapping Schwarz method for spectral element simulation of three-dimensional incompressible flows, in Parallel Solution of Partial Differential Equations, IMA Vol. Math. Appl. 120, Springer, New York, 2000, pp. 159 - 180] based on the fast diagonalization method, is extended to generalized curvilinear coordinates. To obtain a separable operator for the linear finite element tensor-product approximation within each spectral element, extrema of the inverse metric tensor and its determinant are employed. Convergence rates and parallel CPU timings are compared against a block-Jacobi preconditioner. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thomas, SJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 442 EP 453 DI 10.1137/S1064827502409420 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FG UT WOS:000187148900006 ER PT J AU Brown, PN Lee, B Manteuffel, TA AF Brown, PN Lee, B Manteuffel, TA TI A moment-parity multigrid preconditioner for the first-order system least-squares formulation of the Boltzmann transport equation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY MAR 24-29, 2002 CL COPPER MT, COLORADO SP Univ Colorado, SIAM DE Boltzmann transport equation; first-order system least-squares; PDE system; multigrid method; preconditioned conjugate gradient ID FINITE-ELEMENT SOLUTION; COEFFICIENTS AB This paper describes a preconditioned conjugate gradient scheme for the P-n - h finite element discretization of a first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) formulation of the Boltzmann transport equation. The preconditioner is based on the norm equivalence between the FOSLS functional and a V norm. Its realization is an inexact inversion of the system of partial differential equations corresponding to this V norm. This preconditioner is essentially a moment-parity multigrid solver. It involves a 2 x 2 block diagonal system with each block describing only the interior like-parity coupling (even-even or odd-odd) of the spherical harmonic coefficients or moments. The interior cross-parity coupling is handled in the outer conjugate gradient iteration. Since the like-parity coupling consists of only second- and zeroth-order differential terms, whereas the full P-n system consists also of cross-parity, first-order coupling terms, the construction of a robust multigrid algorithm for each diagonal block is easier than the construction for the full P-n system. Numerical results indicate that this preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm is more robust than a stand-alone multigrid solver for the full P-n system. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, PN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 513 EP 533 DI 10.1137/S1064827502407172 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FG UT WOS:000187148900010 ER PT J AU Coffey, TS Kelley, CT Keyes, DE AF Coffey, TS Kelley, CT Keyes, DE TI Pseudotransient continuation and differential-algebraic equations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY MAR 24-29, 2002 CL COPPER MT, COLORADO SP Univ Colorado, SIAM DE pseudotransient continuation; nonlinear equations; steady-state solutions; global convergence; differential-algebraic equations; multirate systems ID ALGORITHMS AB Pseudotransient continuation is a practical technique for globalizing the computation of steady-state solutions of nonlinear differential equations. The technique employs adaptive time-stepping to integrate an initial value problem derived from an underlying ODE or PDE boundary value problem until sufficient accuracy in the desired steady-state root is achieved to switch over to Newton's method and gain a rapid asymptotic convergence. The existing theory for pseudotransient continuation includes a global convergence result for differential equations written in semidiscretized method-of-lines form. However, many problems are better formulated or can only sensibly be formulated as differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). These include systems in which some of the equations represent algebraic constraints, perhaps arising from the spatial discretization of a PDE constraint. Multirate systems, in particular, are often formulated as differential-algebraic systems to suppress fast time scales ( acoustics, gravity waves, Alfven waves, near equilibrium chemical oscillations, etc.) that are irrelevant on the dynamical time scales of interest. In this paper we present a global convergence result for pseudotransient continuation applied to DAEs of index 1, and we illustrate it with numerical experiments on model incompressible flow and reacting flow problems, in which a constraint is employed to step over acoustic waves. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Coffey, TS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kelley, Carl/A-4549-2008 NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 553 EP 569 DI 10.1137/S106482750241044X PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FG UT WOS:000187148900012 ER PT J AU Brown, PN Vassilevski, PS Woodward, CS AF Brown, PN Vassilevski, PS Woodward, CS TI On mesh-independent convergence of an inexact Newton-multigrid algorithm SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY MAR 24-29, 2002 CL COPPER MT, COLORADO SP Univ Colorado, SIAM DE inexact Newton multigrid; semilinear elliptic problems; finite elements; optimal order and mesh independent convergence ID BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; DISCRETIZATION AB In this paper we revisit and prove optimal-order and mesh-independent convergence of an inexact Newton method where the linear Jacobian systems are solved with multigrid techniques. This convergence is shown using Banach spaces and the norm max{parallel to.parallel to(1)parallel to.parallel to(0,infinity)}, a stronger norm than is used in previous work. These results are valid for a class of second-order, semilinear, finite element, elliptic problems posed on quasi-uniform grids. Numerical results are given which validate the theory. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brown, PN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Woodward, Carol/M-4008-2014 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 570 EP 590 DI 10.1137/S1064827502407822 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FG UT WOS:000187148900013 ER PT J AU Bochev, PB Garasi, CJ Hu, JJ Robinson, AC Tuminaro, RS AF Bochev, PB Garasi, CJ Hu, JJ Robinson, AC Tuminaro, RS TI An improved algebraic multigrid method for solving Maxwell's equations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY MAR 24-29, 2002 CL COPPER MT, CO SP Univ Colorado, SIAM DE Maxwell's equations; eddy currents; algebraic multigrid; multigrid; smoothed aggregation ID SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; EDGE-ELEMENTS; CONVERGENCE AB We propose two improvements to the Reitzinger and Schoberl algebraic multigrid (AMG) method for solving the eddy current approximations to Maxwell's equations. The main focus in the Reitzinger/Schoberl method is to maintain null space properties of the weak del x del x operator on coarse grids. While these null space properties are critical, they are not enough to guarantee h-independent convergence of the overall multigrid method. We illustrate how the Reitzinger/Schoberl AMG method loses h-independence due to the somewhat limited approximation property of the grid transfer operators. We present two improvements to these operators that not only maintain the important null space properties on coarse grids but also yield significantly improved multigrid convergence rates. The first improvement is based on smoothing the Reitzinger/Schoberl grid transfer operators. The second improvement is obtained by using higher order nodal interpolation to derive the corresponding AMG interpolation operators. While not completely h-independent, the resulting AMG/CG method demonstrates improved convergence behavior while maintaining low operator complexity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; cjgaras@sandia.gov; jhu@sandia.gov; acrobin@sandia.gov; rstumin@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 623 EP 642 DI 10.1137/S1064827502407706 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FG UT WOS:000187148900016 ER PT J AU Lee, B McCormick, SF Philip, B Quinlan, DJ AF Lee, B McCormick, SF Philip, B Quinlan, DJ TI Asynchronous fast adaptive composite-grid methods: Numerical results SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY MAR 24-29, 2002 CL COPPER MT, COLORADO SP Univ Colorado, SIAM DE adaptive mesh refinement; asynchronous; fast adaptive composite-grid; FOSLS; system PDE; elliptic solvers ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; SYSTEM LEAST-SQUARES; MULTIPROCESSORS AB This paper presents numerical results for the asynchronous version of the fast adaptive composite-grid algorithm (AFACx). These results confirm the level-independent convergence bounds established theoretically in a companion paper. These numerical results include the case of AFACx applied to first-order system least-squares finite element discretizations of the stationary Stokes equations on curvilinear adaptive mesh refinement grids. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 682 EP 700 DI 10.1137/S1064827502407536 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FG UT WOS:000187148900019 ER PT J AU Li, N Saad, Y Chow, E AF Li, N Saad, Y Chow, E TI Crout versions of ILU for general sparse matrices SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY MAR 24-29, 2002 CL COPPER MT, COLORADO SP Univ Colorado, SIAM DE incomplete LU factorization; ILU; sparse Gaussian elimination; Crout factorization; preconditioning; ILU with threshold; ILUT; iterative methods; sparse linear systems ID PRECONDITIONER AB This paper presents an efficient implementation of the incomplete LU (ILU) factorization derived from the Crout version of Gaussian elimination. At step k of the elimination, the kth row of U and the kth column of L are computed using previously computed rows of U and columns of L. The data structure and implementation borrow from already known techniques used in developing both sparse direct solution codes and incomplete Cholesky factorizations. This version of ILU can be computed much faster than standard threshold-based ILU factorizations computed rowwise or columnwise. In addition, the data structure allows efficient implementations of more rigorous and effective dropping strategies. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Li, N (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 200 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 716 EP 728 DI 10.1137/S1064827502405094 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FG UT WOS:000187148900021 ER PT J AU Liska, R Wendroff, B AF Liska, R Wendroff, B TI Comparison of several difference schemes on 1D and 2D test problems for the Euler equations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Euler equations; Riemann problems; finie difference schemes; splitting ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; SHOCK-CAPTURING SCHEMES; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; GAS-DYNAMICS; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS; CONSTRUCTION; DIMENSIONS; FLUX AB The results of computations with eight explicit finite difference schemes on a suite of one-dimensional and two-dimensional test problems for the Euler equations are presented in various formats. Both dimensionally split and two-dimensional schemes are represented, as are central and upwind-biased methods, and all are at least second-order accurate. C1 Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T7, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Liska, R (reprint author), Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, Brehova 7, CR-11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic. EM liska@siduri.fjfi.cvut.cz RI Liska, Richard/C-3142-2009 OI Liska, Richard/0000-0002-6149-0440 NR 53 TC 92 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 13 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 995 EP 1017 DI 10.1137/S1064827502402120 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 752FH UT WOS:000187149000012 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Li, ST Petzold, L Serban, R AF Cao, Yang Li, Shengtai Petzold, Linda Serban, Radu TI ADJOINT SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS: THE ADJOINT DAE SYSTEM AND ITS NUMERICAL SOLUTION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sensitivity analysis; DAE; adjoint method AB An adjoint sensitivity method is presented for parameter-dependent differential-algebraic equation systems (DAEs). The adjoint system is derived, along with conditions for its consistent initialization, for DAEs of index up to two (Hessenberg). For stable linear DAEs, stability of the adjoint system (for semi-explicit DAEs) or of an augmented adjoint system (for fully implicit DAEs) is shown. In addition, it is shown for these systems that numerical stability is maintained for the adjoint system or for the augmented adjoint system. C1 [Cao, Yang; Petzold, Linda] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Li, Shengtai] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Serban, Radu] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cao, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM ycao@engineering.ucsb.edu; shenli@t7.lanl.gov; petzold@engineering.ucsb.edu; radu@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; [EPRI WO-8333-06]; [NSF CCR 98-96198]; [NSF/ARPA PC 239415]; [NSF/KDI ATM-9873133]; [LLNL ISCR 00-15] FX This work was supported by grants EPRI WO-8333-06, NSF CCR 98-96198, NSF/ARPA PC 239415, NSF/KDI ATM-9873133, and LLNL ISCR 00-15.; The work of the last author was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 25 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 16 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1076 EP 1089 AR PII S1064827501380630 DI 10.1137/S1064827501380630 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA V27BG UT WOS:000208588100004 ER PT J AU Warsa, JS Wareing, TA Morel, JE AF Warsa, JS Wareing, TA Morel, JE TI Solution of the discontinuous P-1 equations in two-dimensional cartesian geometry with two-level preconditioning SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Krylov iterative solvers; finite element methods; discontinuous Galerkin methods; multilevel preconditioning; radiative transfer; neutron transport; diffusion equation ID DIFFUSION-SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; DISCRETE-ORDINATES EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL TRANSPORT PROBLEMS; SLAB GEOMETRY; ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; OPTICALLY THICK; APPROXIMATIONS; ITERATIONS; SYSTEMS AB We present a new bilinear discontinuous (Galerkin) finite element discretization of the P-1 ( spherical harmonics) equations, a first order system of equations used for describing neutral particle radiation transport or modeling radiative transfer problems. The discrete equations are described for two-dimensional rectangular meshes; we solve the linear system with Krylov iterative methods. We have developed a novel, two-level preconditioner to improve convergence of the Krylov solvers that is based on a linear continuous finite element discretization of the diffusion equation, solved with a conjugate gradient iteration, preceded and followed by one of several different smoothing relaxations. A Fourier analysis shows that our approach is very effective over a wide range of problems. Numerical experiments confirm the results of the Fourier analysis. Computations for a realistic problem show that the preconditioner is effective and the solution method is efficient in practice. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Warsa, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 2093 EP 2124 DI 10.1137/S1064827500374583 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 721UX UT WOS:000185337800014 ER PT S AU Ferber, MK Lin, HT AF Ferber, MK Lin, HT BE Brito, ME Lin, HT Plucknett, K TI Characterization of ceramic components exposed in industrial gas turbines SO SILICON-BASED STRUCTURAL CERAMICS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Silicon-Based Structural Ceramics for the New Millennium held at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION AB This paper provides a review of recent studies undertaken to examine the mechanical and thermal stability of silicon nitride ceramic components that are currently being considered for use in gas turbine applications. Specific components examined included a bowed ceramic nozzle evaluated in an engine test stand, ceramic vanes exposed in two field tests, and an air-cooled vane that is currently under development. Scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate the changes in the microstructures arising from the environmental effects. The recession of the airfoils resulting from the volatilization of the normally protective silica layer was also measured. The stability of the intergranular phases was evaluated using x-ray diffraction. The surface strength was measured using a miniature biaxial test specimen, which was prepared by diamond core drilling. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ferber, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-157-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 142 BP 237 EP 251 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY27J UT WOS:000188655100016 ER PT S AU Janney, MA Kupp, DM Kirby, KW Walls, CA AF Janney, MA Kupp, DM Kirby, KW Walls, CA BE Brito, ME Lin, HT Plucknett, K TI Gelcasting sialon radomes SO SILICON-BASED STRUCTURAL CERAMICS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Silicon-Based Structural Ceramics for the New Millennium held at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Janney, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-157-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 142 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY27J UT WOS:000188655100017 ER PT S AU Lin, HT Kirkland, TP Wereszczak, AA Andrew, MJ AF Lin, HT Kirkland, TP Wereszczak, AA Andrew, MJ BE Brito, ME Lin, HT Plucknett, K TI Effect of long-term oil immersion test on mechanical reliability of candidate silicon nitride ceramics for diesel engine applications SO SILICON-BASED STRUCTURAL CERAMICS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Silicon-Based Structural Ceramics for the New Millennium held at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Two lots of commercially available silicon nitride ceramics (i.e., Honeywell GS44 and Kyocera SN235) were exposed to an oil ash environment, as so-called oil immersion test, to evaluate the long-term corrosion/oxidation resistance in a simulated diesel engine environment. The exposure condition was at 850degreesC for 1000h in air. Subsequently, the exposed bend bars were tested for strength degradation at room temperature and 850degreesC at stressing rates of 30 MPa/s and 0.003 MPa/s in air, respectively. Little change in strength was measured after 1000h exposure to the mentioned oil ash environment. Also, the values of Weibull modulus obtained for all of the exposed silicon nitride materials were similar to those with as-machined surfaces tested under the same conditions. In addition, the detailed SEM/EDAX analyses indicated that no oil ash elements were detected in the bulk of materials, especially along the grain boundaries, resulting in no changes in chemistry of secondary phase(s). The oil ash elements were only present in a region about 1-3 mum below the exposed surface with no apparent changes in microstructure observed. Results of mechanical properties and microstructural characterizations indicated that these candidate silicon nitride materials exhibited excellent corrosion/oxidation resistance to the diesel engine environments, and would be excellent candidates for diesel engine exhaust valve applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Lin, HT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-157-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 142 BP 261 EP 273 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY27J UT WOS:000188655100018 ER PT S AU Bourgeat, P Meriaudeau, F Tobin, KW Gorria, P AF Bourgeat, P Meriaudeau, F Tobin, KW Gorria, P BE Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F TI Patterned wafer segmentation SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc DE wafer inspection; wavelet transform; segmentation; thresholding AB This paper is an extension of our previous work on. the image segmentation of electronic structures on patterned wafers to improve the defect detection process on optical inspection tools. Die-to-die wafer inspection is based upon the comparison of the same a. rea on two neighborhood dies. The dissimilarities, between the images are a result of defects in this area of one of the die. The noise level can vary from one structure to the other, within the same image. Therefore, segmentation is needed to create a mask and apply an optimal threshold in each region. Contrast variation on the texture can affect the response of the parameters used for the segmentation. This paper shows a method to anticipate these variations with a limited number of training samples, and modify the classifier accordingly to improve the segmentation results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bourgeat, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Bourgeat, Pierrick/A-1419-2010 OI Bourgeat, Pierrick/0000-0002-2605-4766 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4998-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5132 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.514935 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX25H UT WOS:000184740000005 ER PT S AU Ferrell, RK Gleason, SS Tobin, KW AF Ferrell, RK Gleason, SS Tobin, KW BE Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F TI Application of fractal encoding techniques for image segmentation SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc DE fractal encoding; segmentation; defect detection; data reduction AB Fractal encoding is the first step in fractal based image compression techniques, but this technique can also be useful outside the image compression field. This paper discusses a fractal encoding technique and some of its variations adapted to the concept of segmenting anomalous regions within an image. The primary goal of this paper is to provide background information on fractal encoding and show application examples to equip the researcher with enough knowledge to apply this technique to other image segmentation applications. After a brief overview of the algorithm important parameters for successful implementation of fractal encoding are discussed. Included in the discussion is the impact of image characteristics on various parameters or algorithm implementation choices in the context of two applications that have been successfully implemented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ferrell, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4998-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5132 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.514943 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX25H UT WOS:000184740000010 ER PT S AU Solinsky, JC Budge, SE Majors, PD Rex, B AF Solinsky, JC Budge, SE Majors, PD Rex, B BE Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F TI Real-time, image analysis of living cellular-biology measurements of intelligent chemistry SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc DE real-time; FPGA-hardware; image analysis; automated blob-analysis; cellular biology; confocal microscopy ID TRACKING; MOLECULES; PROTEIN AB This paper reports on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) DOE Initiative in Image Science and Technology (ISAT) research, which is developing algorithms and software tool sets for remote sensing and biological applications. In particular, the PNNL ISAT work is applying these research results to the automated analysis of realtime cellular biology imagery to assist the biologist in determining the correct data collection region for the current state of a conglomerate of living cells in three-dimensional motion. The real-time computation of the typical 120 MB/sec multi-spectral data sets is executed in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology, which has very high processing rates due to-large-scale parallelism. The outcome of this artificial vision work will allow the biologist to work with imagery as a creditable set of dye-tagged chemistry measurements in formats for individual cell tracking through regional feature extraction, and animation visualization through individual object isolation/characterization of the microscopy imagery. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Solinsky, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4998-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5132 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.515039 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX25H UT WOS:000184740000011 ER PT S AU Kerekes, RA Goddard, JS Gleason, SS Paulus, MJ Weisenberger, AG Smith, MF Welch, B AF Kerekes, RA Goddard, JS Gleason, SS Paulus, MJ Weisenberger, AG Smith, MF Welch, B BE Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F TI Two methods for tracking small animals in SPECT imaging SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc DE small animal imaging; SPECT imaging; small animal tracking; pose tracking AB High-resolution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging have proven to be useful techniques for non-invasively monitoring mutations and disease progression in small animals. A need to perform in vivo studies of non-anesthetized animals has led to the development of a small-animal imaging system that integrates SPECT imaging equipment with a pose-tracking system. The pose of the animal is monitored and recorded during the SPECT scan using either laser-generated surfaces or infrared-reflective markers affixed to the animal. The reflective marker method measures motion by stereoscopically imaging an arrangement of illuminated markers. The laser-based method is proposed as a possible alternative to the reflector method with the advantage that it is a non-contact system. A three-step technique is described for calibrating the surface acquisition system so that quantitative surface measurements can be obtained. The acquired surfaces can then be registered to a reference surface using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm to determine the relative pose of the live animal and correct for any movement during the scan. High accuracy measurement results have been obtained from both methods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kerekes, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4998-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5132 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.514951 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX25H UT WOS:000184740000016 ER PT S AU Price, JR Bingham, PR Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP AF Price, JR Bingham, PR Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP BE Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F TI Semiconductor sidewall shape estimation using top-down CD-SEM image retrieval SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL VISION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc DE CD-SEM metrology; semiconductor inspection; lithography; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) AB We present modifications to a feature-based, image-retrieval approach for estimating semiconductor sidewall (cross-section) shapes using top-down images. The top-down images are acquired by a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM). The proposed system is based upon earlier work with several modifications. First, we use only line-edge, as opposed to full-line, sub-images from the top-down images. Secondly, Gabor filter features are introduced to replace some of the previously computed features. Finally, a new dimensionality reduction algorithm - direct, weighted linear discriminant analysis (DW-LDA) - is developed to replace the previous two-step principal component analysis plus LDA method. Results of the modified system are presented for data collected across several line widths, line spacings, and CD-SEM tools. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pricejr@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4998-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5132 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1117/12.514963 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX25H UT WOS:000184740000024 ER PT S AU Price, JR Hylton, KW Tobin, KW Bingham, PR Hunn, JD Haines, JR AF Price, JR Hylton, KW Tobin, KW Bingham, PR Hunn, JD Haines, JR BE Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F TI Detection of cavitation pits on steel surfaces using SEM imagery SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc DE SEM image analysis; Spallation Neutron Source (SNS); phase correlation; Fourier-based image alignment; image-based defect detection ID REGISTRATION AB We describe an automated image processing approach for detecting and characterizing cavitation pits on stainless steel surfaces. The image sets to be examined have been captured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Each surface region is represented by a pair of SEM images, one captured before and one after the cavitation-causing process. Unfortunately, some required surface preparation steps between pre-cavitation and post-cavitation imaging can introduce artifacts and change image characteristics in such a way as to preclude simple image-to-image differencing. Furthermore, all of the images were manually captured and are subject to rotation and translation alignment errors as well as variations in focus and exposure. In the presented work, we first align the pre- and post-cavitation images using a Fourier-domain technique. Since pre-cavitation images can often contain artifacts that are very similar to pitting, we perform multi-scale pit detection on each pre- and post-cavitation image independently. Coincident regions labeled as pits in both pre- and post-cavitation images are discarded. Pit statistics are exported to a text file for further analysis. In this paper we provide background information, algorithmic details, and show some experimental results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Price, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4998-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5132 BP 476 EP 484 DI 10.1117/12.515154 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX25H UT WOS:000184740000053 ER PT S AU Tucker, RW Kercel, SW Varma, VK AF Tucker, RW Kercel, SW Varma, VK BE Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F TI Characterization of gas pipeline flaws using wavelet analysis SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc DE flaw detection; wavelets; ultrasonic waves; EMAT; pipeline inspection ID INSPECTION AB As U.S. natural gas supply pipelines are aging, non-destructive inspection techniques are needed to maintain the integrity and reliability of the natural gas supply infrastructure. Ultrasonic waves are one promising method for non-destructive inspection of pipeline integrity. As the waves travel through the pipe wall, they are affected by the features they encounter. In order to build a practical inspection system that uses ultrasonic waves, an analysis method is needed that can distinguish between normal pipe wall features, such as welds, and potentially serious flaws, such as cracks and corrosion. Ideally, the determination between "flaw" and "no-flaw" must be made in real-time as the inspection system passes through the pipe. Because wavelet basis functions share some common traits with ultrasonic waves, wavelet analysis is particularly well-suited for this application. Using relatively simple features derived from the wavelet analysis of ultrasonic wave signatures traveling in a pipe wall, we have successfully demonstrated the ability to distinguish between the "flaw" and "no-flaw" classes of ultrasonic signatures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tucker, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4998-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5132 BP 485 EP 493 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX25H UT WOS:000184740000054 ER PT B AU Ackerman, TP Comstock, JM Turner, DD AF Ackerman, TP Comstock, JM Turner, DD BE Wandinger, U TI Measurements of ice supersaturation in the upper troposphere using the ARM Raman lidar SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TROPOSPHERIC PROFILING: NEEDS AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling CY SEP 14-20, 2003 CL Leipzig, GERMANY SP Inst Tropospher Res, German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, IFT, DWD, DLR, Sachsen, DFG DE Raman lidar; ice supersaturation; cirrus clouds ID CLOUDS AB Accurate measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere are important for studying the role of ice supersaturation in the formation and growth of ice crystals in upper tropospheric clouds. The relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) is important in understanding the role of heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation in ice crystal fort-nation. In this study we use Raman lidar to measure profiles of water vapor mixing ratio, from which we calculate RHI in clear and cloudy sky conditions. Measurements made during 2000 at the ARM Southern Great Plains facility allow us to study the relationship of ice supersaturation and temperature. Our results indicate that 26% of ice clouds have RHI>100%, while only 8% of cloud free skies are ice supersaturated. Measurements also show that the upper portion of cirrus clouds tend to have higher RHI than in the lowest portion of the cloud. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ackerman, TP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST TROPICAL MEDICINE ROTTERDAM - LEIDEN PI LEIDEN PA WASSENAARSEWEG 62, POSTBUS 9605, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS PY 2003 BP 44 EP 46 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY76Y UT WOS:000189458700014 ER PT B AU Turner, DD AF Turner, DD BE Wandinger, U TI Microphysical properties of single and mixed-phase arctic clouds derived from AERI observations SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TROPOSPHERIC PROFILING: NEEDS AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling CY SEP 14-20, 2003 CL Leipzig, GERMANY SP Inst Tropospher Res, German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, IFT, DWD, DLR, Sachsen, DFG DE Mixed-phase clouds; cloud microphysical properties; high-spectral-resolution radiance AB A novel new approach to retrieve cloud microphysical properties from mixed-phase clouds is presented. This algorithm retrieves cloud optical depth, ice fraction, and the effective size of the water and ice particles from ground-based, high-resolution infrared radiance observations. The theoretical basis is that the absorption coefficient of ice is stronger than that of liquid water from 10-13 mum, whereas liquid water is more absorbing than ice from 16-25 mum. However, due to strong absorption in the rotational water vapor absorption band, the 16-25 mum spectral region becomes opaque for significant water vapor burdens (i.e., for precipitable water vapor amounts over approximately 1 cm). The Arctic is characterized by its dry and cold atmosphere, as well as a preponderance of mixed-phase clouds, and thus this approach is applicable to Arctic clouds. Since this approach uses infrared observations, cloud properties are retrieved at night and during the long polar wintertime period. The analysis of the cloud properties retrieved during a 7 month period during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) experiment demonstrates many interesting features. These results show a dependence of the optical depth on cloud phase, differences in the mode radius of the water droplets in liquid-only and mid-phase clouds, a lack of temperature dependence in the ice fraction for temperatures above 240 K, seasonal trends in the optical depth with the clouds being thinner in winter and becoming more optically thick in the late spring, and a seasonal trend in the effective size of the water droplets in liquid-only and mixed-phase clouds that is most likely related to aerosol concentration. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST TROPICAL MEDICINE ROTTERDAM - LEIDEN PI LEIDEN PA WASSENAARSEWEG 62, POSTBUS 9605, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS PY 2003 BP 181 EP 183 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY76Y UT WOS:000189458700059 ER PT B AU Davis, AB Love, SP Polonsky, IN Cahalan, RF McGill, MJ Varnai, T AF Davis, AB Love, SP Polonsky, IN Cahalan, RF McGill, MJ Varnai, T BE Wandinger, U TI Off-beam cloud lidar: Recent theoretical and instrumental progress SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TROPOSPHERIC PROFILING: NEEDS AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling CY SEP 14-20, 2003 CL Leipzig, GERMANY SP Inst Tropospher Res, German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, IFT, DWD, DLR, Sachsen, DFG DE aerosols; clouds; radiation; new instruments and algorithms ID LIQUID WATER-CONTENT; ANGLE IMAGING LIDAR; THICKNESS AB Off-beam lidar is a new concept in dense cloud probing where instead of once-scattered (through 180 degrees) photons we are interested in photons that have suffered hundreds, even thousands, of scatterings. They typically emerge from the irradiated cloud hundreds of meters away from the laser beam. Clearly the off-beam lidar signal has to be modeled by a new lidar equation, new retrieval algorithms need to be developed, and a new set of instrumental challenges arise. After covering some background on off-beam cloud lidar, we briefly describe the most recent developments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS 2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012; Cahalan, Robert/E-3462-2012 OI Cahalan, Robert/0000-0001-9724-1270 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST TROPICAL MEDICINE ROTTERDAM - LEIDEN PI LEIDEN PA WASSENAARSEWEG 62, POSTBUS 9605, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS PY 2003 BP 246 EP 248 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY76Y UT WOS:000189458700081 ER PT S AU Allen, DW Clough, JA Sohn, H Farrar, CR AF Allen, DW Clough, JA Sohn, H Farrar, CR BE Liu, SC TI A software tool for graphically assembling damage identification algorithms SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: SMART SYSTEMS AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE damage detection; software; time series analysis; statistical pattern recognition AB At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), various algorithms for structural health monitoring problems have been explored in the last 5 to 6 years. The original DIAMOND (Damage Identification And MOdal aNalysis of Data) software was developed as a package of modal analysis tools with some frequency domain damage identification algorithms included. Since the conception of DIAMOND, the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) paradigm at LANL has been cast in the framework of statistical pattern recognition, promoting data driven damage detection approaches. To reflect this shift and to allow user-friendly analyses of data, a new piece of software, DIAMOND II is under development. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the DIAMOND 11 software is based on the idea of GLASS (Graphical Linking and Assembly of Syntax Structure) technology, which is currently being implemented at LANL. GLASS is a Java based GUI that allows drag and drop construction of algorithms from various categories of existing functions. In the platform of the underlying GLASS technology, DIAMOND 11 is simply a module specifically targeting damage identification applications. Users can assemble various routines, building their own algorithms or benchmark testing different damage identification approaches without writing a single line of code. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Engn Sci & Appl Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Allen, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Engn Sci & Appl Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4862-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5057 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.482755 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX48H UT WOS:000185394400017 ER PT S AU Fasel, TR Sohn, H Farrar, CR AF Fasel, TR Sohn, H Farrar, CR BE Liu, SC TI Application of frequency domain ARX models and extreme value statistics to damage detection SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: SMART SYSTEMS AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab AB In this study, the applicability of an auto-regressive model with exogenous inputs (ARX) in the frequency domain to structural health monitoring (SHM) is explored. Damage sensitive features that explicitly consider the nonlinear system input/output relationships produced by damage are extracted from the ARX model. Furthermore, because of the non-Gaussian nature of the extracted features, Extreme Value Statistics (EVS) is employed to develop a robust damage classifier. EVS is useful in this case because the data of interest are in the tails (extremes) of the damage sensitive feature distribution. The suitability of the ARX model, combined with EVS, to nonlinear damage detection is demonstrated using vibration data obtained from a laboratory experiment of a three-story building model. It is found that the current method, while able to discern when damage is present in the structure, is unable to localize the damage to a particular joint. An impedance-based method using piezoelectric (PZT) material as both an actuator and a sensor is then proposed as a possible solution to the problem of damage localization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapon Response Grp, Engn Sci & Appl Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fasel, TR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapon Response Grp, Engn Sci & Appl Div, M-S T006, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4862-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5057 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.482715 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX48H UT WOS:000185394400018 ER PT S AU Robertson, AN Farrar, CR Sohn, H AF Robertson, AN Farrar, CR Sohn, H BE Liu, SC TI Singularity detection for structural health monitoring using Holder exponents SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: SMART SYSTEMS AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab ID IDENTIFICATION AB The majority of structural health monitoring studies reported in the technical literature focus on identifying damage sensitive features that can be extracted from dynamic response data. However, many of these studies assume the structure can be modeled as a linear system before and after damage and use parameters of these models as the damage sensitive features. The study summarized in this paper proposes a damage sensitive feature that takes advantage of the nonlinearities associated with discontinuities introduced into the dynamic response data as a result of certain types of damage. Specifically, the Holder exponent, a measure of the degree to which a signal is differentiable, is the feature that is used to detect the presence of damage and when that damage occurred. A procedure for capturing the time varying nature of the Holder exponent based on wavelet transforms is demonstrated through applications to non-stationary random signals with underlying discontinuities and then to a harmonically excited mechanical system that contains a loose part. Also, a classification procedure is developed to quantify when changes in the Holder exponent are significant. The results presented herein show the Holder exponent to be an effective feature for Identifying damage that introduces discontinuities into the measured dynamic response data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robertson, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS T006, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4862-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5057 BP 569 EP 581 DI 10.1117/12.482762 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX48H UT WOS:000185394400062 ER PT S AU Balmer, JE Staub, F Bajt, S Alameda, J Nilsen, J AF Balmer, JE Staub, F Bajt, S Alameda, J Nilsen, J BE Fill, EE Suckewer, S TI Near-field spatial imaging of the 11.9-nm Ni-like Sn soft-x-ray laser SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID SATURATION; NM AB We report on 2D near-field imaging experiments of the 11.9-nm Sn x-ray laser that were performed with a set of novel Mo/Y multilayer mirrors having reflectivities of up to 40% at normal and at 45degrees incidence. Second-moment analysis of the x-ray laser emission was used to determine values of the x-ray beam propagation factor M-2 for a range of irradiation parameters. The results reveal a reduction of M-2 with increasing prepulse intensity. The spatial size of the output is a factor of similar to2 smaller than previously measured for the Pd x-ray laser, while the distance of the x-ray emission with respect to the target surface remains roughly the same. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Balmer, JE (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5070-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5197 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.507455 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY25E UT WOS:000188460500005 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Smith, RF Hubert, S Fajardo, M Zeitoun, P Hunter, JR Remond, C Vanbostal, L Jacquemot, S Nilsen, J Lewis, CLS Marmoret, R Shlyaptsev, VN Ravet, MF Delmotte, F AF Dunn, J Smith, RF Hubert, S Fajardo, M Zeitoun, P Hunter, JR Remond, C Vanbostal, L Jacquemot, S Nilsen, J Lewis, CLS Marmoret, R Shlyaptsev, VN Ravet, MF Delmotte, F BE Fill, EE Suckewer, S TI Coherence measurements of a transient 14.7 nm X-ray laser SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray laser; longitudinal coherence; Michelson soft x-ray interferometry; EUV optics ID GAIN; PULSE AB We present the longitudinal coherence measurement of the transient inversion collisional x-ray laser for the first time. The Ni-like Pd x-ray laser at 14.68 nm is generated by the LLNL COMET laser facility and is operating in the gain-saturated regime. Interference fringes are produced using a Michelson interferometer setup in which a thin multilayer-coated membrane is used as a beam splitter. The longitudinal coherence length for the picosecond duration 4d(1)S(0) --> 4p(1)P(1) lasing transition is determined to be similar to400 mum (1/e HW) by adjusting the length of one interferometer arm and measuring the resultant variation in fringe visibility. This is four times improved coherence than previous measurements on quasi-steady state schemes largely as a result of the narrower line profile in the lower temperature plasma. The inferred gain-narrowed linewidth of similar to0.29 pm is also substantially narrower than previous measurements on quasi-steady state x-ray laser schemes. This study shows that the coherence of the x-ray laser beam can be improved by changing the laser pumping conditions. The x-ray laser is operating at 4-5 times the transform-limited pulse. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fajardo, Marta/A-4608-2012 OI Fajardo, Marta/0000-0003-2133-2365 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5070-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5197 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.504929 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY25E UT WOS:000188460500006 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Smith, RF Shepherd, R Booth, R Nilsen, J Hunter, JR Shlyaptsev, VN AF Dunn, J Smith, RF Shepherd, R Booth, R Nilsen, J Hunter, JR Shlyaptsev, VN BE Fill, EE Suckewer, S TI Temporal characterization of a picosecond laser-pumped X-ray laser (for applications) SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray laser; transient gain; temporal measurements; x-ray streak camera ID TRANSIENT GAIN; SATURATION; PULSE AB Compact soft x-ray laser sources are now used routinely for various applications primarily because of their high repetition rate, high photon fluence and short pulse duration characteristics. For some of these applications, for example interferometry of high density laser-produced plasmas, longer optical drive pulses, 6-13 ps (FWHM), have been implemented to maximize the x-ray output and coherence. It is therefore important to know the x-ray laser pulse length, shape and repeatability for these specific experiments as a baseline measurement but also to better understand the temporal behavior as a function of the pumping conditions in general. We report a detailed temporal characterization of the picosecond-driven 14.7 nm Ni-like Pd ion x-ray laser on the Compact Multipulse Terawatt (COMET) laser at LLNL using an ultrafast x-ray streak camera measurement of a horizontal slice of the near-field x-ray laser pattern. This is measured as a function of the chirped pulse amplification pumping laser conditions, including varying the pump pulse from 0.5-27 ps (FWHM), varying the plasma column length as well as investigating traveling wave (TW) and non-TW irradiation conditions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5070-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5197 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.504904 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY25E UT WOS:000188460500007 ER PT S AU Smith, RF Dunn, J Filevich, J Moon, S Nilsen, J Keenan, R Shlyaptsev, VN Rocca, JJ Hunter, JR Shepherd, R Booth, R Marconi, MC AF Smith, RF Dunn, J Filevich, J Moon, S Nilsen, J Keenan, R Shlyaptsev, VN Rocca, JJ Hunter, JR Shepherd, R Booth, R Marconi, MC BE Fill, EE Suckewer, S TI Improved energy coupling into the gain region of the Ni-like Pd transient collisional x-ray laser SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray laser; interferometry; near-field imaging; temporal study ID HOLOGRAPHY; PLASMAS AB We present within this paper a series of experiments, which yield new observations to further our understanding of the transient collisional x-ray laser medium. We use the recently developed technique of picosecond x-ray laser interferometry to probe the plasma conditions in which the x-ray laser is generated and propagates. This yields two dimensional electron density maps of the plasma taken at different times relative to the peak of the 600ps plasma-forming beam. In another experimental campaign, the output of the x-ray laser plasma column is imaged with a spherical multilayer mirror onto a CCD camera to give a two-dimensional intensity map of the x-ray laser output. Near-field imaging gives insights into refraction, output intensity and spatial mode structure. Combining these images with the density maps gives an indication of the electron density at which the x-ray laser is being emitted at (yielding insights into the effect of density gradients on beam propagation). Experimental observations coupled with simulations predict that most effective coupling of laser pump energy occurs when the duration of the main heating pulse is comparable to the gain lifetime (similar to10ps for Ni-like schemes). This can increase the output intensity by more than an order of magnitude relative to the case were the same pumping energy is delivered within a shorter heating pulse duration (<3ps). We have also conducted an experiment in which the output of the x-ray laser was imaged onto the entrance slit of a high temporal resolution streak camera. This effectively takes a one-dimensional slice of the x-ray laser spatial profile and sweeps it in time. Under some conditions we observe rapid movement of the x-ray laser (similar to3mum/ps) towards the target surface. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5070-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5197 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.504837 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY25E UT WOS:000188460500018 ER PT S AU Nelson, AJ Dunna, J van Buuren, TW Hunter, J Smith, RF Hemmers, O Lindle, DW AF Nelson, AJ Dunna, J van Buuren, TW Hunter, J Smith, RF Hemmers, O Lindle, DW BE Fill, EE Suckewer, S TI X-ray laser induced time-of-flight photoelectron spectroscopy SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE time-of-flight photoemission; x-ray laser ID TABLETOP; NM AB X-ray laser induced time-of-flight photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to probe the core-level and valence band electronic structure of room-temperature bulk materials with picosecond time resolution. The LLNL COMET compact tabletop x-ray laser source provides the necessary high photon flux, high energy, monochromaticity, picosecond pulse duration, and coherence for probing ultrafast changes in the chemical and electronic structure of these materials. Valence band and core-level spectra were recorded for transition metal surfaces. In-situ sputter etching with Ar ions at 30degrees incidence will be implemented to improve the surface purity and consequently increase core-level and valence-band photoemission intensity. This work demonstrates a powerful new technique for probing reaction dynamics and for probing changes of local order on surfaces on their fundamental timescales. Future work will include the study of fundamental phenomena such as non-thermal melting, chemical bond formation, intermediate reaction steps, and the existence of transient reaction products. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5070-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5197 BP 168 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.506162 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY25E UT WOS:000188460500019 ER PT S AU Nilsen, J Dunn, J Smith, RF AF Nilsen, J Dunn, J Smith, RF BE Fill, EE Suckewer, S TI Modeling current and proposed COMET X-ray laser experiments SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray laser; prepulse technique ID TITANIUM; TABLETOP; GAIN AB We model recent experiments done using the COMET laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to illuminate slab targets of Pd up to 1.25 cm long with a two joule, 600 ps prepulse followed 700 ps later by a six joule, six ps drive pulse. The experiments measure the two-dimensional near-field and far-field laser patterns for the 14.7 nm Ni-like Pd x-ray laser line. The experiments are modeled using the LASNEX code to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities to the CRETIN code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. Using a ray tracing code to simulate the near and far-field output, the simulations are compared with experiments. In addition we model recent experiments that used a streak camera to measure the time duration of the Pd X-ray laser when pumped with a constant energy short pulse with different time durations that ranged from 0.5 to 27 ps. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5070-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5197 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.503591 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY25E UT WOS:000188460500023 ER PT S AU Keenan, R Dunn, J Shlyaptsev, VN Smith, RF Patel, PK Price, DF AF Keenan, R Dunn, J Shlyaptsev, VN Smith, RF Patel, PK Price, DF BE Fill, EE Suckewer, S TI Efficient pumping schemes for high average brightness collisional x-ray lasers SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray lasers; bright x-ray sources; laser-produced plasmas ID SATURATION; AMPLIFIER; TABLETOP; GAIN; NM AB Advances in transient collisional x-ray lasers have been demonstrated over the last 5 years as a technique for achieving tabletop soft x-ray lasers using 2-10 J of laser pump energy. The high peak brightness of these sources operating in the high output saturation regime, in the range of 10(24)-10(25) ph. mm(-2) mrad(-2) s(-1) (0.1% BW) (-1), is ideal for many applications 14 requiring high photon fluence in a single short burst. However, the pump energy required for these x-ray lasers is still relatively high and limits the x-ray laser repetition rate to I shot every few minutes. Higher repetition rate collisional schemes have been reported and show some promise for high output in the future. We report a novel technique for enhancing the coupling efficiency of the laser pump into the gain medium that could lead to enhanced x-ray inversion with a factor of ten reduction in the drive energy. This has been applied to the collisional excitation scheme for Ni-like Mo at 18.9 nm and x-ray laser output has been demonstrated. Preliminary results show lasing on a single shot of the optical laser operating at 10 Hz and with 70 mJ in the short pulse. Such a proposed source would have higher average brightness, similar to10(14) ph. mm(-2) mrad(-2) s(-1) (0.1% BW)(-1), than present bending magnet 3(rd) generation synchrotron sources operating at the same spectral range. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Keenan, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5070-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5197 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1117/12.504918 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY25E UT WOS:000188460500024 ER PT S AU Kuba, J Anderson, SG Barty, CPJ Betts, SM Booth, R Brown, WJ Crane, JK Cross, RR Fittinghoff, DN Gibson, DJ Hartemann, FV Le Sage, GP Rosenzweig, JB Tremaine, AM Springer, PT AF Kuba, J Anderson, SG Barty, CPJ Betts, SM Booth, R Brown, WJ Crane, JK Cross, RR Fittinghoff, DN Gibson, DJ Hartemann, FV Le Sage, GP Rosenzweig, JB Tremaine, AM Springer, PT BE Fill, EE Suckewer, S TI PLEIADES: High peak brightness, subpicosecond Thomson hard-x-ray source SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE hard x-ray source; Thomson scattering; 4(th) generation light sources; photon-electron beam interaction ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; LASER-PULSES; SCATTERING; BEAMS; DIFFRACTION; ACCELERATOR; GENERATION AB The Picosecond Laser-Electron Inter-Action for the Dynamic Evaluation of Structures (PLEIADES) facility, is a unique, novel, tunable (10-200 keV), ultrafast (ps-fs), hard x-ray source that greatly extends the parameter range reached by existing 3(rd) generation sources, both in terms of x-ray energy range, pulse duration, and peak brightness at high energies. First light was observed at 70 keV early in 2003, and the experimental data agrees with 3D codes developed at LLNL. The x-rays are generated by the interaction of a 50 fs Fourier-transform-limited laser pulse produced by the TW-class FALCON CPA laser and a highly focused, relativistic (20-100 MeV), high brightness (I nC, 0.3-5 ps, 5 mm.mrad, 0.2% energy spread) photo-electron bunch. The resulting x-ray brightness is expected to exceed 10(20) ph/mm(2)/s/mrad(2)/0.1% BW. The beam is well-collimated (10 mrad divergence over the full spectrum, I mrad for a single color), and the source is a unique tool for time-resolved dynamic measurements in matter, including high-Z materials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kuba, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM kuba@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5070-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5197 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1117/12.510801 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY25E UT WOS:000188460500027 ER PT J AU Ghezzehei, TA Or, D AF Ghezzehei, TA Or, D TI Pore-space dynamics in a soil aggregate bed under a static external load SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; MODEL AB The loose and fragmented soil structure that results from tillage operations provides favorable physical conditions for plant growth. This desirable state is structurally unstable and deteriorates with time because of overburden, external stresses, and capillary forces. The objective of this study was to model these structural changes by coupling soil intrinsic rheological properties with geometry and arrangement of aggregates represented as monosized spheres. Calculations of interaggregate stresses and strains, and associated changes in density and porosity, were performed for a rhombohedral unit cell. Soil rheological properties determined by application of steady shear stress were used for calculations of strains under steady interaggregate stresses. The models developed herein correspond to the initial stage of deformation when discrete aggregates exist. At strains exceeding 0.12 the interaggregate voids are isolated and the current model no longer applies and an alternative approach is presented elsewhere. Unit cell calculations were up scaled to an aggregate-bed scale by considering a one-dimensional stack of unit cells, which allows only vertical stress transmission. The stress acting at an interaggregate contact is fully accommodated (dissipated) by viscous flow when it exceeds the yield stress (strength) of the aggregates. The stress is fully transmitted to subsequent unit cells when it is less than the yield stress. Plausibility of the models was demonstrated by illustrative examples that highlight the different features of the models. The results were in qualitative agreement with observations from the literature for deformation of either loose structure, and for highly dense cases close to maximal bulk density. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Ghezzehei, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cycotron Rd,MS90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TAGhezzehei@lbl.gov RI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/G-7483-2011; Or, Dani/D-8768-2012 OI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/0000-0002-0287-6212; Or, Dani/0000-0002-3236-2933 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100002 ER PT J AU Stewart, MA Jardine, PM Brandt, CC Barnett, MO Fendorf, SE McKay, LD Mehlhorn, TL Paul, K AF Stewart, MA Jardine, PM Brandt, CC Barnett, MO Fendorf, SE McKay, LD Mehlhorn, TL Paul, K TI Effects of contaminant concentration, aging, and soil properties on the bioaccessibility of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in soil SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE metal bioavailability; metal sequestration by soil; redox transformations; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CHROMATE ADSORPTION; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-CARBON; GASTRIC FLUID; REDUCTION; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; SORPTION; GROUNDWATER AB Contaminated soils at numerous U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and other industrial facilities often contain huge inventories of toxic metals such as chromium. Ingestion of soil by children is often the primary risk factor that drives the need for remediation. Site assessments are typically based solely on total soil-metal concentrations and do not consider the potential for decreased bioaccessibility due to metal sequestration by soil. The objectives of this research are to investigate the effect of soil properties on the bioaccessibility of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) as a function of contaminant concentration and aging. The A and upper B horizons of two well-characterized soils, representative of Cr-contaminated soils in the southeastern United States, were treated with varying concentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) and allowed to age. The bioaccessibility of the contaminated soils was measured over a 200-d time period using a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) that was designed to simulate the digestive process of the stomach. The sorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) varied significantly as a function of sod type and horizon, and the oxidation state of the contaminant. Solid phase concentrations with Cr(M) were significantly greater than Cr(VI) for any given initial Cr concentration. This is consistent with the mechanisms of Cr(III) vs. Cr(VI) sequestration by the soils, where the formation of Cr(III)-hydroxides can result in the accumulation of large mass fractions of contaminant on mineral surfaces. Overall, Cr bioaccessibility decreased with duration of exposure for all soils and at all solid phase concentrations, with aging effects being more pronounced for Cr(111). The decrease in Cr bioaccessibility was rapid for the first 50 d and then slowed dramatically between 50 and 200 d. In general, the effects of Cr solid phase concentration on bioaccessibility was small, with Cr(III) showing the most pronounced effect, higher solid phase concentrations resulted in a decrease in bioaccessibility. Chemical extraction methods and X-ray Adsorption Spectroscopy analyses suggested that the bioaccessibility of Cr(VI) was significantly influenced by reduction processes catalyzed by soil organic carbon. Soils with sufficient organic carbon had lower Cr bioaccessibility values (similar to10 to 20%.) due to an enhanced reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). In soils where organic carbon was limited and reduction processes were minimal, the bioaccessibility of Cr(VI) dramatically increased (similar to60 to 70%). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Jardine, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 45 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1080/713610958 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 744MV UT WOS:000186637000001 ER PT J AU Siegel, LS Alshawabkeh, AN Palmer, CD Hamilton, MA AF Siegel, LS Alshawabkeh, AN Palmer, CD Hamilton, MA TI Modeling cesium partitioning in the rhizosphere: A focus on the role of root exudates SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE radiocesium; solubilization; phytoextraction ID RADIOCESIUM; SOIL AB A conceptual model is being developed for the prediction of cesium parlitioning between bound, aqueous, and phytoextracted phases in the rhizosphere. The model categorizes the processes that impact cesium partitioning into six submodels: geochemistry, physical factors, root density, microorganisms, nutrients, and root exudates. A seventh submodel (Cs fate) describes Cs movement between the three phases. Functional relationships and parametric values within and between the submodels are developed based on literature, field characterization, and laboratory experiments. Sensitivity analyses were first conducted to evaluate the effects of root exudates on Cs partitioning. The model was also used to test the sensitivity of root density, microbial population, potassium requirement and concentration, and moisture content on the concentration of root exudates and consequently on Cs partitioning. An increase in the concentration of root exudates results in a greater decrease in the bound concentration and greater increase in the aqueous and phytoextracted concentrations. In general, the other parameters affect Cs partitioning according to how they affect the fate of root exudates. However, the comprehensive nature of the system renders a complex overall effect on Cs partitioning. In summary, the model provides a framework for better understanding the complex interaction of processes that control Cs fate in the rhizosphere. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Siegel, LS (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 1492 Grantham,NH 03753, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 47 EP 68 DI 10.1080/713610960 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 744MV UT WOS:000186637000003 ER PT J AU Yang, JK Barnett, MO Jardine, PM Brooks, SC AF Yang, JK Barnett, MO Jardine, PM Brooks, SC TI Factors controlling the bioaccessibility of arsenic(V) and lead(II) in soil SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE bioaccessibility; bioavailability; extraction; arsenic; lead; soil ID VITRIFIED SLAGGED AGGREGATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; RATS; ACETATE; SULFIDE; CADMIUM; MONTANA; BUTTE AB The relative oral bioaccessibility of labile Pb(II) and As(V) added to soils was investigated in a well-characterized soil using a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) to simulate metal solubility in a child's digestive system. The effect of soil and PBET (i.e., simulated stomach and small intestine) pH, soil metal concentration, soil to solution ratio, and soil-metal aging time were investigated. Arsenic bioaccessibility was relatively unaffected by a variation in simulated stomach and small intestine pH over the range 2 to 7 and soil pH over the range 4.5 to 9.4. In contrast, Pb(II) bioaccessibility was strongly dependent on both the simulated stomach, small intestine, and soil pH, showing enhanced sequestration and decreased bioaccessibility at higher pH values in all cases. Although the bioaccessibility of Pb(11) was constant over the concentration range of approximately 10 to 10,000 mg/kg, the As(V) bioaccessibility significantly increased over this concentration range. The bioaccessibility of both arsenic and lead increased as the soil-to-solution ratio decreased from 1:40 to 1:100. Additional lead sequestration was not observed during 6 months of soil aging, but As (V) bioaccessibility decreased significantly during this period. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM barnettm@eng.auburn.edu RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 165 EP 179 DI 10.1080/713610968 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764XN UT WOS:000188232100002 ER PT J AU Brady, WD Eick, MJ Grossl, PR Brady, PV AF Brady, WD Eick, MJ Grossl, PR Brady, PV TI A site-specific approach for the evaluation of natural attenuation at metals-impacted sites SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE natural attenuation; metals; sequential extraction; bioavailability ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES; CONTAMINATED SOILS; COBALT DESORPTION; COPPER SMELTER; CADMIUM; SEDIMENTS; LEAD; BIOAVAILABILITY; KINETICS; ZINC AB Consideration of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remedy component for metals-contaminated sites can be achieved using a site-specific screening approach, followed by application of one or a series of sequential extraction measurements. Hazardous waste sites contaminated with metals can be screened for the implementation of monitored natural attenuation on the basis of contaminant-specific soil chemical characteristics (i.e., K(d)'s, solubilities, and nonexchangeable sorbed fraction). Field cases are used to demonstrate the screening approach and to outline the primary considerations involved in accurately applying sequential extraction procedures to support the of MNA for site remediation. The results of these case studies provide strong evidence that site-specific screening and the use of sequential extraction procedures are effective methods for evaluating natural attenuation for metals impacted sites. C1 GeoSyntec Consultants, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brady, WD (reprint author), GeoSyntec Consultants, 4207 Rhoda Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. EM wbrady@geosyntec.com; eick@vt.edu; grossl@cc.usu.edu; pvbrady@sandia.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 541 EP 564 DI 10.1080/713610988 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764XQ UT WOS:000188232300006 ER PT J AU Oostrom, M Thorne, PD White, MD Truex, MJ Wietsma, TW AF Oostrom, M Thorne, PD White, MD Truex, MJ Wietsma, TW TI Numerical modeling to assess DNAPL movement and removal at the scenic site operable unit near Baton Rouge, Louisiana: A case study SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE DNAPL; entrapment; multifluid flow; site assessment; pumping; DNAPL case study ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW AB Detailed three-dimensional multifluid flow modeling was conducted to assess movement and removal of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) movement at a waste site in Louisiana. The site's subsurface consists of several permeable zones separated by (semi) confining clays. In the upper subsurface, the two major permeable zones are, starting with the uppermost zone, the +40- and +20-MSL (mean sea level) zones. At the site, a total of 23,000 m(3) of DNAPL was emplaced in an open waste pit between 1962 and 1974. In this period, considerable amounts of DNAPL moved into the subsurface. By 1974 a portion of the DNAPL was removed and the waste site was filled with low-permeability materials and closed. During this process, some of the DNAPL was mixed with the fill material and remained at the site. Between 1974 and 2000, no additional DNAPL recovery activities were implemented. In an effort to reduce the DNAPL source, organic liquid has been pumped through a timed-pumping scheme from a total of 7 wells starting in calendar year 2000. The recovery wells are screened in the lower part of the waste fill material. In site investigations, DNAPL has been encountered in the +40-MSL but not in the +20-MSL zone. The following questions are addressed: (1) Where has the DNAPL migrated vertically and laterally? (2) How much further is DNAPL expected to move in the next century? (3) How effective is the current DNAPL pumping in reducing the DNAPL source? The computational domains for the simulations were derived from 3-D interpolations of borehole logs using a geologic interpretation software (Earthvision(TM)). The simulation results show that DNAPL primarily entered the subsurface in the period 1962-1974, when the waste site was operational. After 1974, the infiltration rates dropped dramatically as a result of the infilling of the waste pit. The simulation results indicate that DNAPL moved from the pit into the underlying +40-MSL zone through two contact zones at the west side of the pit. Lateral movement of the DNAPL body has been relatively slow as a result of the high viscosity and the rapidly decreasing driving force after the waste pit was filled in. For all simulations, lateral movement of DNAPL in the period 1962-2001 is predicted to be less than 60 m from the two contact areas, while additional movement in the next century is expected to be less than 30 m. No DNAPL is predicted to enter the +20-MSL zone, which agrees with site information. The simulations also clearly demonstrate the minimal effect of the current pumping scheme on source reduction and DNAPL movement. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Oostrom, M (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mart.oostrom@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 901 EP 926 DI 10.1080/10588330390254946 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764XT UT WOS:000188232500008 ER PT J AU Reda, I Stoffel, T Myers, D AF Reda, I Stoffel, T Myers, D TI A method to calibrate a solar pyranometer for measuring reference diffuse irradiance SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM; RADIATION; SURFACE AB Accurate pyranometer calibrations, traceable to internationally recognized standards, are critical for solar irradiance measurements. One calibration method is the component summation, where the pyranometers are calibrated outdoors under clear sky conditions, and the reference global solar irradiance is calculated as the sum of two reference components, the diffuse and subtended beam solar irradiances. The beam component is measured with pyrheliometers traceable to the World Radiometric Reference, while there is no internationally recognized reference for the diffuse component. In the absence of such a reference, we present a method to consistently calibrate pyranometers for measuring the diffuse component with an estimated uncertainty of +/-(3% of reading+ 1 W/m(2)). The method is based on using a modified shade/unshade method, and pyranometers with less than 1 W/m(2) thermal offset errors. We evaluated the consistency of our method by calibrating three pyranometers four times. Calibration results show that the responsivity change is within +/-0.52% for the three pyranometers. We also evaluated the effect of calibrating pyranometers unshaded, then using them shaded to measure diffuse irradiance. We calibrated three unshaded pyranometers using the component summation method. Their outdoor measurements of clear sky diffuse irradiance, from sunrise to sundown, showed that the three calibrated pyranometers can be used to measure the diffuse irradiance to within +/-1.4 W/m(2) variation from the reference irradiance. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Reda, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00124-5 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 697AU UT WOS:000183920700002 ER PT J AU Fend, T Hoffschmidt, B Jorgensen, G Kuster, H Kruger, D Pitz-Paal, R Rietbrock, P Riffelmann, KJ AF Fend, T Hoffschmidt, B Jorgensen, G Kuster, H Kruger, D Pitz-Paal, R Rietbrock, P Riffelmann, KJ TI Comparative assessment of solar concentrator materials SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB This paper reports results from long-term durability tests of reflector materials to be used for solar concentrating systems. The studies have been conducted under the auspices of an IEA-SolarPACES collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA), the Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT, Spain) and Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR, Germany). In this co-operative effort, accelerated ageing tests as well as outdoor exposures at a number of test sites having various climatic conditions have been carried out since 1995. In addition to materials already in use at solar power stations, newer materials offering the chance of a significant cost reduction in solar electricity and process heat generation are being investigated. Comparative optical tests are carried out to assess the efficiency as a function of exposure/service time in a solar concentrator. Among the materials showing promise for long-term outdoor applications are various silvered glass mirrors, a silvered polymer film, and an anodized sheet aluminium having an additional protective polymer coating. In addition to durability tests of reflector material samples, practical results are also reported for experiences with field applications of silvered thin glass and anodized sheet aluminium mirrors. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, Inst Tech Thermodynam, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Alanod Aluminium Veredelung GmbH, D-58256 Ennepetal, Germany. RP Fend, T (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, Inst Tech Thermodynam, Linder Hohe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. OI Pitz-Paal, Robert/0000-0002-3542-3391 NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00116-6 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 697AU UT WOS:000183920700007 ER PT J AU Andersen, M Rubin, M Scartezzini, JL AF Andersen, M Rubin, M Scartezzini, JL TI Comparison between ray-tracing simulations and bi-directional transmission measurements on prismatic glazing SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Evaluation of solar heat gain and daylight distribution through complex window and shading systems requires the determination of the bi-directional transmission distribution function (BTDF). Measurement of BTDF can be time-onsuming, and inaccuracies are likely because of physical constraints and experimental adjustments. A general calculation methodology, based on more easily measurable component properties, would be preferable and would allow much more flexibility. In this paper, measurements and calculations are compared for the specific case of prismatic daylight-redirecting panels. Measurements were performed in a photogoniometer equipped with a digital-imaging detection system. A virtual copy of the photogoniometer was then constructed with commercial ray-tracing software. For the first time, an attempt is made to validate detailed bi-directional properties for a complex system by comparing an extensive set of experimental BTDF data with ray-tracing calculations. The results generally agree under a range of input and output angles to a degree adequate for evaluation of glazing systems. An analysis is presented to show that the simultaneously measured diffuse and direct components of light transmitted by the panel are properly represented. Calculations were also performed using a more realistic model of the source and ideal model of the detector. Deviations from the photogoniometer model were small and the results were similar in form. Despite the lack of an absolute measurement standard, the good agreement in results promotes confidence in both the photogoniometer and in the calculation method. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 EPFL, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, LESO PB, Solar Energy & Bldg Phys Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, M (reprint author), EPFL, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, LESO PB, Solar Energy & Bldg Phys Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 157 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00115-4 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 697AU UT WOS:000183920700008 ER PT J AU Kutscher, C Christensen, C Gawlik, K AF Kutscher, C Christensen, C Gawlik, K TI A field study of the wind effects on the performance of an unglazed transpired solar collector - Reply SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kutscher, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 353 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00148-8 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 718QM UT WOS:000185158000009 ER PT J AU Perez, R Hoff, T Herig, C Shah, J AF Perez, R Hoff, T Herig, C Shah, J TI Maximizing PV peak shaving with solar load control: validation of a web-based economic evaluation tool SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE photovoltaics; utilities; load control; software; peak-shaving; capacity credit AB We present an evaluation of a new version of the web-based clean power estimator (CPE) capable of evaluating the effectiveness and value of solar load control (SLC) for commercial applications in the US. Three experimental building case studies are used as a validation benchmark. The selected buildings include a large office building near New York City, a department store in Long Island, and another department store in Hawaii. The results of the CPE calculations are compared against results obtained using actual building load and colocated hourly actual solar radiation data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Clean Power Res, Napa, CA USA. NREL, Golden, CO USA. BP Solar, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Perez, R (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2003 VL 74 IS 5 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00184-1 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 732GT UT WOS:000185933000004 ER PT S AU Reisenfeld, DB Gosling, JT Steinberg, JT Riley, P Forsyth, RJ Cyr, OCS AF Reisenfeld, DB Gosling, JT Steinberg, JT Riley, P Forsyth, RJ Cyr, OCS BE Velli, M Bruno, R Malara, F TI CMEs at high northern latitudes during solar maximum: Ulysses and SOHO correlated observations SO SOLAR WIND TEN, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2002 CL PISA, ITALY SP Univ Firenze, Univ Pisa, Univ Calabria, IFSI, ASI, European Space Agcy, INAF ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; WIND AB From September through November 2001, Ulysses was almost continuously immersed in polar coronal hole (CH) flow during its northern polar pass of the Sun. For much of this time, the flow was fast (> 700 km/s) and steady, quite similar to the steady unstructured flow observed during Ulysses' first polar orbit near solar minimum. During the three months Ulysses transited the northern polar CH it observed 5 coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Of these, two were clearly over-expanding and two were at least partially driven by overexpansion. The phenomenon of over-expansion was frequently observed at high latitudes during Ulysses' first orbit. The recurrence of over-expanding CMEs during the second orbit at high latitudes indicates that this is a phenomenon apparently unique to and typical of CMEs embedded in polar CH flow. Ulysses was nearly above the solar limb during this three-month interval, providing an opportunity to use LASCO/SOHO observations to study the initial velocity profiles of the CMEs observed further out by Ulysses. These initial conditions were used as inputs into a hydrodynamic code, the results of which are reported here. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reisenfeld, DB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D466, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0148-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 679 BP 210 EP 213 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX72B UT WOS:000186211700049 ER PT S AU Reisenfeld, DB Steinberg, JT Barraclough, BL Dors, EE Wiens, RC Neugebauer, M Reinard, A Zurbuchen, T AF Reisenfeld, DB Steinberg, JT Barraclough, BL Dors, EE Wiens, RC Neugebauer, M Reinard, A Zurbuchen, T BE Velli, M Bruno, R Malara, F TI Comparison of the genesis solar wind regime algorithm results with solar wind composition observed by ACE SO SOLAR WIND TEN, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2002 CL PISA, ITALY SP Univ Firenze, Univ Pisa, Univ Calabria, IFSI, ASI, European Space Agcy, INAF AB Launched on 8 August 2001, the NASA Genesis mission is now collecting samples of the solar wind in various materials, and will return those samples to Earth in 2004 for analysis. A primary science goal of Genesis is the determination of the isotopic and elemental composition of the solar atmosphere from the solar wind material returned. In particular, Genesis will provide measurements of those species that are not provided by solar and in situ observations. We know from in situ measurements that the solar wind exhibits compositional variations across different types of solar wind flows. Therefore, Genesis exposes different collectors to solar wind originating from three flow types: coronal hole, coronal mass ejection (CME), and interstream flows. Flow types are identified using in situ measurements of solar wind protons, alphas, and electrons from electrostatic analyzers carried by Genesis. The flow regime selection algorithm and subsequent collector deployment on Genesis act autonomously. We present an assessment of composition variations of O, He, and Mg ions observed by ACE/SWICS concurrent with Genesis observations, and compare these to the Genesis algorithm decisions. Not only does this serve as a test of the algorithm, the compilation of composition vs. regime will be important for comparison to the abundances determined from sample analysis at the end of the mission. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reisenfeld, DB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D466, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0148-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 679 BP 632 EP 635 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX72B UT WOS:000186211700144 ER PT B AU Williams, MC Strakey, JP AF Williams, MC Strakey, JP BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI US DOE Office of Fossil Energy's solid oxide fuel cell progams SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan AB The U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), in partnership with private industries, is leading the development and demonstration of high efficiency solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and fuel cell/turbine hybrid power generation systems for near-term distributed generation market with emphasis on premium power and high reliability. Several integrated systems employing tubular SOFCs have been installed and operated on pipeline natural gas in the U. S., Europe, and Japan. Electrical conversion efficiency in the range of 45 to 53% has been obtained during the operation. Measured stack emissions of NOx, SOx, VOC and particulate matter have also remained negligible. NETL is partnering with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in developing new directions in research under the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) initiative for the development and commercialization of modular, low cost, and fuel flexible 3 to 10 kW SOFC systems. The SECA initiative, through advanced materials, processing and system integration research and development will bring the fuel cell cost to $400/kW for stationary and auxiliary power markets. By 2015, SECA-developed technologies will provide the basis for the development of systems that achieve 80% electrical efficiency, near-zero emissions, and integrate in "Vision 21" power plants. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Williams, MC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880,3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000001 ER PT B AU Stevenson, JW Baskaran, S Chick, LA Chou, YS Deibler, JE Khaleel, MA Marina, OA Meinhardt, KD Paxton, DM Pederson, LR Recknagle, KP Simner, SP Sprenkle, V Weil, KS Yang, ZG Singh, P McVay, GL AF Stevenson, JW Baskaran, S Chick, LA Chou, YS Deibler, JE Khaleel, MA Marina, OA Meinhardt, KD Paxton, DM Pederson, LR Recknagle, KP Simner, SP Sprenkle, V Weil, KS Yang, ZG Singh, P McVay, GL BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Solid oxide fuel cell development at PNNL SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan AB Through a variety of programs, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is working with government agencies and private industries to help bring SOFC-based technology to the commercial marketplace. These activities include the development of advanced materials and fabrication techniques for SOFC stack components, the development and utilization of modeling tools for optimization of cell and stack designs, and the development and application of advanced characterization techniques to increase the understanding of fundamental electrochemical processes occurring in SOFCs. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stevenson, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000004 ER PT B AU Yamahara, K Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Yamahara, K Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Influence of powders on ionic conductivity of polycrystalline zirconias SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; TEMPERATURES AB Grain boundary resistivity in zirconia systems can significantly affect total conductivity below 800degreesC. The influence of starting powders on the total conductivity is investigated for the 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals prepared from powders synthesized by three different methods and from two commercial powders. Conductivity measurements by AC impedance spectroscopy show a factor of two differences between the lowest and highest values because of the grain boundary resistivity. The contribution of grain boundary resistivity can be more than 10% at the temperatures less than 800degreesC. The total grain boundary resistivity is reduced drastically and the total conductivity can be improved by as much as 50% when the sintering temperature is increased or the powder particle size is reduced. Similar results are obtained for the higher conductivity electrolyte prepared from 9 mol% scandia-stabilized zirconia. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yamahara, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000023 ER PT B AU Matus, Y De Jonghe, LC Zhang, XF Visco, SJ Jacobson, CP AF Matus, Y De Jonghe, LC Zhang, XF Visco, SJ Jacobson, CP BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Electrolytic damage in zirconia electrolytes SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan ID STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; VOLTAGE AB Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes, subjected to high current densities, develop significant damage. This paper characterizes the damage that develops from the anode side, in YSZ used in an oxygen pump configuration. The damage is in the form of vacancy loops, precipitates formed on dislocations, pore development, and grain boundary fracture. The damage initiates at elevated current densities, well below the decomposition potential of YSZ. A mechanism, involving mobile oxygen interstitials, is proposed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matus, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000026 ER PT B AU Marrero-Cruz, M Hong, EP Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ DeJonghe, LC AF Marrero-Cruz, M Hong, EP Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ DeJonghe, LC BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Processing and properties of thin-film ceria based SOFC SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan ID DOPED CERIA; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROLYTE; SYSTEM AB A series of doped ceria-based electrolytes were synthesized by the glycine-nitrate method; producing powders of 2-3 mum in particle size. Sintering profiles were determined for all doped ceria compositions. Conductivity measurements were determined in air and open-circuit potential measurements in H-2-H2O/air for doped ceria pellets from 400 to 800degreesC. Preliminary results show that calcium, bismuth and lithium doping lowers the sintering temperature of ceria. At 700degreesC, a maximum open-circuit-potential of 0.84 V was observed for the composition Ce0.8Y0.18Ca0.02O1.9; this composition also exhibits the lowest grain boundary resistance for the doped samples. The highest total conductivity of 1.7x10(-2) Scm(-1) was observed for the composition Ce0.8Y0.178Cs0.02Li0.002O1.8. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marrero-Cruz, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 62R0203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000032 ER PT B AU Windes, WE Zuck, LD Shaber, EL Erickson, AE Lessing, PA AF Windes, WE Zuck, LD Shaber, EL Erickson, AE Lessing, PA BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI A low CTE intermetallic bipolar plate SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS AB A low CTE bipolar plate is fabricated from a NiAl intermetallic and a ceramic filler material. By using inert, ceramic filler materials the intermetallic reaction of the NiAl system is controlled resulting in net-shape formed plates with CTE comparable to the electrolyte and electrode ceramic layers. In addition, the combustion synthesis reaction moderated by the ceramic filler material creates significant porosity in the NiAl microstructure yielding a highly thermal shock resistant substrate material for the subsequent plasma deposited electrode and electrolyte layers. This paper outlines the powder metallurgy process parameters necessary to form these low CTE intermetallic plates. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Windes, WE (reprint author), INEEL, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 879 EP 887 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000104 ER PT B AU Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Cathode supported thin film SOFCs SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan ID PERFORMANCE; CELL AB Co-firing of thin film ceramic electrolytes on highly porous cathode supports may allow significant cost reduction for both planar and tubular solid oxide fuel cells. Co-firing of La0.65Sr0.30MnO3 (LSM) supports with dense thin films of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and scandia stabilized zirconia (SSZ) was successfully demonstrated at 1250degreesC. Co-firing La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.9Mg0.1O3 (LSGM) electrolytes with the LSM cathode was also promising but did not yield dense films at 1250degreesC. Tri-layers consisting of a LSM cathode support, a dense YSZ electrolyte film, and a porous NiO-YSZ anode were also prepared, as well as La0.70Sr0.30CrO3 powders suitable for co-firing with the tri-layer cell. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jacobson, CP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 1035 EP 1039 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000122 ER PT B AU Visco, SJ Jacobson, CP Villareal, I Leming, A Matus, Y De Jonghe, LC AF Visco, SJ Jacobson, CP Villareal, I Leming, A Matus, Y De Jonghe, LC BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Development of low-cost alloy supported SOFCs SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan AB The LBNL group has been developing ferritic steel supported solid oxide fuel cells. The use of ferritic steel as a support for electrode supported solid oxide fuel cells greatly reduces the raw materials cost and improves the strength of the thin-film cells. The basic design includes the use of a high-strength FeCr support, a thin interlayer electrode (Ni-YSZ or other), and a thin electrolyte film. The entire structure is fabricated through co-firing of the three layers in a reducing environment. This paper describes the preliminary performance of the metal supported cells, as well as a variety of possible interlayer electrodes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Visco, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 1040 EP 1050 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000123 ER PT B AU Windes, WE Erickson, AE Lessing, PA Huestis, G Shaber, E AF Windes, WE Erickson, AE Lessing, PA Huestis, G Shaber, E BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Fabrication methods of a leaky SOFC design SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan ID FUEL-CELLS; CATHODES AB Fabrication methods are discussed for the separate components comprising the INEEL designed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Primarily using plasma spray techniques, the ceramic electrode, electrolyte, and interconnect layers are deposited on a planar intermetallic bipolar plate. Combinations of dry powder, slurry suspension, and liquid injection plasma deposition techniques are used to deposit graded porosity electrode layers. A brief discussion about creating the necessary air channels, dense edge seals surrounding the electrode layers, and braze joints between completed cells is presented. All process parameters and methodologies used to deposit the graded porosity electrode layers, removable filler materials in the air channels, and fully dense seal coats on the bipolar plate are discussed. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Windes, WE (reprint author), INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 1109 EP 1118 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000131 ER PT B AU Rogers, WA Collins, D Khaleel, MA Lara-Curzio, E AF Rogers, WA Collins, D Khaleel, MA Lara-Curzio, E BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI SOFC modeling and simulation under the US DOE SECA Core Technology Program SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan AB The U. S. Department of Energy initiated the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) to facilitate the development of solid oxide fuel cell modules based on mass-customization concepts for use with commonly available fossil fuels at low cost. The U. S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory coordinate SECA activities. Commercial developers, universities, and government agencies, and other national laboratories participate in the Alliance in a tightly coordinated structure to develop precommercial prototypes. The SECA Core Technology Program supports industrial development teams by providing problem-solving research to overcome common technical barriers identified by the industry teams. Core Technology activities include programs in fuel processing, manufacturing, controls and diagnostics, power electronics, modeling and simulation, and materials. The modeling and simulation program develops computational tools to support development and commercialization of SECA technology. This paper reviews the various development and validation activities and availability of modeling tools at DOE national laboratories as pan of the SECA Core Technology modeling and simulation program. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Rogers, WA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 1378 EP 1394 PG 17 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000158 ER PT B AU Rector, DR Khaleel, MA AF Rector, DR Khaleel, MA BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Evaluation of electrode performance using a microstructure-based simulation model SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VIII (SOFC VIII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc High Temp Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, SOFC Soc Japan AB The electrochemical performance of electrodes, such as those used in solid oxide fuel cells, depends to a large extent on the microstructure of the electrode material. A modeling approach, based on the lattice Boltzmann simulation method, has been developed to describe the detailed three-dimensional transport and reaction phenomena occurring in a representative sample of porous electrode material. The model geometry is obtained by obtaining statistical information from a two-dimensional micrograph and reconstructing an equivalent three-dimensional structure. The usefulness of this modeling approach is demonstrated by simulating a simplified two-dimensional electrode. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rector, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-377-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 7 BP 1413 EP 1424 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BX89X UT WOS:000186761000161 ER PT S AU Smith, KE McGuinness, C Downes, J Ryan, P Fu, DF Hulbert, SL Honig, JM Egdell, R AF Smith, KE McGuinness, C Downes, J Ryan, P Fu, DF Hulbert, SL Honig, JM Egdell, R BE AlarioFranco, MA Greenblatt, M Rohrer, G Whittingham, MS TI Soft X-ray emission and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering studies of transition metal oxides SO SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY OF INORGANIC MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Chemistry of Inorganic Materials IV held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ACS Petr Res Fund, Natl Sci Fdn ID CR-DOPED V2O3; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; SPECTRA; TI2O3 AB This paper discusses the application of soft x-ray emission and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering as probes of the electronic structure of transition metal oxides. The results of studies on the narrow gap insulator CdO, and the Mott-Hubbard oxide Cr-doped V2O3, are reported. The O 2p valence band partial, density of states for CdO has been measured, and emission due to the hybridization of the O 2p valence band states with Cd 4d shallow core level has been observed. For Cr-doped V2O3, the temperature induced metal-insulator transition in samples with 1.5% Cr was observed using soft x-ray emission, and both charge transfer and dipole forbidden d-d excitations were observed using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Oxford, Inorgan Chem Lab, Oxford, England. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI McGuinness, Cormac/C-6808-2008 OI McGuinness, Cormac/0000-0002-3095-330X NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-692-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 755 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BX53X UT WOS:000185637100001 ER PT S AU Zeng, ZT Natesan, K AF Zeng, ZT Natesan, K BE AlarioFranco, MA Greenblatt, M Rohrer, G Whittingham, MS TI A new mechanism for the catalytic growth of carbon filaments and metal dusting phenomenon SO SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY OF INORGANIC MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Chemistry of Inorganic Materials IV held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ACS Petr Res Fund, Natl Sci Fdn AB Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction were used to study the mechanism of the catalytic crystallization of carbon and metal dusting. The following new mechanism is proposed for metal dusting and the growth of carbon filaments. Carbon cannot crystallize well by deposition from carburizing gases at low temperature without catalytic activation because of its strong C-C bonds and high melting temperature. The poorly crystalline carbon has higher free energy than that of good crystalline carbon. To form good crystalline carbon, carbon atoms have to dissolve, diffuse through metal particles, and crystallize on a proper lattice plane that can act as a template to help the epitaxial growth of carbon crystals. Metal particles are liberated from the pure metal and alloys in this process, which leads to metal dusting attack. The decrease of free energy from highly disordered to well crystalline carbon is the driving force for metal dusting and carbon filament growth through metal particles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zeng, ZT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-692-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 755 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BX53X UT WOS:000185637100018 ER PT S AU Weil, KS Kumta, PN Grins, J AF Weil, KS Kumta, PN Grins, J BE AlarioFranco, MA Greenblatt, M Rohrer, G Whittingham, MS TI Exploration of cation substitution in the layered compound CrWN2 SO SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY OF INORGANIC MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Chemistry of Inorganic Materials IV held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ACS Petr Res Fund, Natl Sci Fdn ID DIFFRACTION; NITRIDE AB A series of derivative compounds based on the layered parent phase CrWN2 have been synthesized using a complexed precursor synthesis route., X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrate that both the chromium and tungsten display mutual substitution for one another and can also undergo considerable extensive replacement by a wide variety of cation species without significantly altering the original layered structure of the parent dinitride compound. The precursor approach employed here appears to offer a ready technique for exploring compositional phase space in layered nitrides of this type. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-692-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 755 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BX53X UT WOS:000185637100045 ER PT J AU Martinho, H Rettori, C Pagliuso, PG Martin, AA Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL AF Martinho, H Rettori, C Pagliuso, PG Martin, AA Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL TI Role of the E-2g phonon in the superconductivity of MgB2: a Raman scattering study SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE superconductors; phonons; inelastic light scattering ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; GAP; TRANSITION; INTENSITY; ANOMALIES; STATE; BORON AB Temperature-dependent Raman scattering studies in polycrystalline MgB2 (10 < T < 300 K) reveal that the E-2g phonon does not experience any self-energy renormalization effect across the superconducting critical temperature T-C approximate to 39 K, in contrast with most of the current theoretical models. In the presence of our results, those models must be reviewed. The analysis of the temperature dependence of the E-2g phonon frequency yields an isobaric Gruneisen parameter of \gamma(E2g)\ less than or equal to 1, smaller than the value of 3.9 obtained from isothermal Raman experiments under pressure. It is suggested that this apparent disagreement can be explained in terms of pressure-induced changes of the topology of the Fermi surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. UNIVAP, Inst Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, BR-12244050 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martinho, H (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM hercules@ifi.unicamp.br RI Martin, Airton/E-6883-2010; Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Martinho, Herculano/F-4684-2015; Optica e Eletronica, Laboratorio/A-8669-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Martin, Airton/0000-0001-5256-8704; Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 9 BP 499 EP 502 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00877-3 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00877-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 649MR UT WOS:000181213000009 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Seong, MJ Cheong, HM Ozkan, E Tracy, EC Deb, SK AF Lee, SH Seong, MJ Cheong, HM Ozkan, E Tracy, EC Deb, SK TI Effect of crystallinity on electrochromic mechanism of LixWO3 thin-films SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE LixWO3 thin films; electrochromic mechanism; intercalation ID COLOR-CENTERS; WO3; MODULATION AB Intercalation of lithium lions in amorphous tungsten oxide films and in monoclinic polycrystalline tungsten oxide films has been studied using electrochemical analyses and Raman spectroscopy. We present direct evidence for W5+ 5d-electron localization in amorphous tungsten oxide films upon lithium ion and electron intercalation by comparing the Raman spectra of amorphous and crystalline Jungsten oxide films.' We observe that when lithium ions and electrons are inserted into the crystalline tungsten oxide films, the monoclinic structure of the material proceeds to. progressively increased symmetry. On the other hand, when lithium ions and electrons are inserted into amorphous tungsten oxide films, the inserted electrons are localized in W5+ sites and polarize their surrounding lattice to form small polarons: The extra Raman peaks due to the W5+-O single bonds and W5+=O double bonds appear at 330 and 450 cm(-1), respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sogang Univ, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Istanbul Tech Univ, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Ctr Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 15 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 156 IS 3 BP 447 EP 452 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00732-4 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00732-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 642BW UT WOS:000180785300022 ER PT S AU Martin, LP Pham, AQ Glass, RS AF Martin, LP Pham, AQ Glass, RS BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI Electrochemical NO2 sensors for automotive diesel exhaust SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; GASES; OXIDE AB New emissions regulations will increase the need for compact, inexpensive sensors for monitoring and control of automotive exhaust gas pollutants. Species of interest include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The current work is directed towards the development of fast, high sensitivity electrochemical NOx sensors for automotive diesel applications. We have investigated potentiometric NO sensors with good sensitivity and fast response when operated in 10% O-2. The sensors consist of yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates attached with NiCr2O4 sensing electrodes and Pt reference electrodes. A composite NiCr2O4:Rh sensing electrode is shown to give significantly faster response than NiCr2O4 alone. The exact role of the Rh in enhancing the response speed is not clear at present. However, the Rh appears to accumulate at the contacts between the NiCr2O4 particles and may enhance the inter-particle electronic conduction. Ongoing testing of these sensors is being performed to elucidate the sensing mechanisms and to quantify cross sensitivity to, for example, NO2. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Martin, LP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-353, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100019 ER PT S AU Zanotti, JM Smith, LJ Giannelis, E Levitz, P Price, DL Saboungi, ML AF Zanotti, JM Smith, LJ Giannelis, E Levitz, P Price, DL Saboungi, ML BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI Polymer relaxational dynamics associated with ionic conduction in confined geometry SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); SIMULATIONS; ELECTROLYTES; MELTS; SCATTERING; IODIDE; MODEL; VYCOR AB Results of a quasi-elastic incoherent neutron scattering study of the influence of confinement on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and (PEO)(8)Li+[(CF3SO2)(2)N](-) (or (POE)(8)LiTFSI) dynamics are presented. The confining media is Vycor, a silica based hydrophilic porous glass. We observe a strong slowing down of the bulk polymer dynamics under presence of Li salt. The confinement also affects dramatically the apparent mean-square displacement of the polymer. As supported by DSC measurements, the PEO melting transition at 335 K is strongly attenuated under confinement, suggesting that confinement modifies the global structure of the system, increasing the fraction of amorphous PEO by respect to crystalline phase. Local relaxational PEO dynamics is successfully described by the DLM (Dejean-Laupretre-Monnerie) model usually used to interpret NMR. spin-lattice relaxation time data. The scattering vector dependence of the correlation times deduced from inelastic neutron scattering data is found to obey a power-law dependence. DSC and preliminary ionic conduction measurements are also presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zanotti, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013; Zanotti, Jean-Marc/C-3188-2008 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815; Zanotti, Jean-Marc/0000-0001-6474-3944 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 331 EP 337 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100049 ER PT S AU Smith, LJ Zanotti, JM Sandi, G Carrado, KA Porion, P Delville, A Price, DL Saboungi, ML AF Smith, LJ Zanotti, JM Sandi, G Carrado, KA Porion, P Delville, A Price, DL Saboungi, ML BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI Characterization of polymer clay nanocomposite electrolyte motions via combined NMR and neutron scattering studies SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID OXIDE) AB The activation energies for poly(ethylene oxide) motion in a polymer clay composite are reported for the polymer intercalated and external to the clay. PEO intercalated into the clay is found to have a lower activation energy for motion but also a larger Arrhenius prefactor, by almost two orders of magnitude, than for PEO found external to the clay. Neutron scattering measurements confirm the presence of two environments and the effects of confinement on the mean square displacement of the PEO. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, LJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013; Zanotti, Jean-Marc/C-3188-2008 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815; Zanotti, Jean-Marc/0000-0001-6474-3944 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100050 ER PT S AU Adcock, PA Brosha, EL Garzon, FH Uribe, FA AF Adcock, PA Brosha, EL Garzon, FH Uribe, FA BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI Characterization of potential catalysts for carbon monoxide removal from reformate fuel for PEM fuel Celts SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We are developing a fuel-cell-integrated system for enhancing the effectiveness of an air-bleed for CO-tolerance of hydrogen and reformate PEM fuel cells, with minimal increase in stack cost or specific volume. This is called the reconfigured anode (RCA) system [1]. We report here on properties of several potential catalysts for this system. The materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and thermal analysis techniques. Surface area was determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique. The XRD results were interpreted using full-profile analysis. In ongoing work, reactivity with CO is being quantified under various conditions, using gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. The results are discussed in terms of effects of the presence of an RCA catalyst on fuel cell performance, using a small air-bleed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adcock, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 365 EP 370 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100053 ER PT S AU Besmann, TM Henry, JJ Lara-Curzio, E Klett, JW Haack, D Butcher, K AF Besmann, TM Henry, JJ Lara-Curzio, E Klett, JW Haack, D Butcher, K BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI Optimization of a carbon composite bipolar plate for PEM fuel cells SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A carbon composite bipolar plate for PEM fuel cells has been developed that has high electrical conductivity, high strength, light weight, is impermeable, and has the potential for being produced at low cost. The plate is produced by slurry molding short carbon fibers into preform structures, molding features into the green body, and using chemical vapor infiltration to strengthen the material, give it high conductivity, and densify the surface to make it impermeable. Current efforts have focused on optimizing the fabrication process and characterizing prototypical components. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017 OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100061 ER PT S AU Kesler, O Landingham, RL AF Kesler, O Landingham, RL BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI Improvements in mechanical behavior of SOFC anodes SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID PARTIAL REDUCTION; CONDUCTIVITY; NIAL2O4 AB Processing-induced residual stresses in the component layers of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC's) can lead to fracture or to cell curvature which impedes stack assembly. Reducing or eliminating residual stresses to improve the mechanical behavior of the cells becomes increasingly important as the area of the cells is increased to increase the power of the fuel cell stack. Residual stresses in SOFC's result primarily from differential thermal expansion And sintering shrinkage between the component layers, such as the electrolyte and the anode support in a planar cell. This work investigates the impact of anode composition on each of these factors, with the ultimate goal of designing a flat, large-area cell. A range of anode compositions is investigated to determine the effect of different additives on the sintering behavior, and on the thermal and mechanical properties. Dilatometry, sintering shrinkage, scanning electron microscopy, and reduction studies are performed to correlate the microstructure,. thermomechanical behavior, and composition. The experimental results are used to select an anode composition that leads to low overall cell curvature and improved mechanical behavior with respect to standard SOFC anode cermet materials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kesler, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 539 EP 544 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100080 ER PT S AU Carter, JD Cruse, TA Bae, JM Ralph, JM Myers, DJ Kumar, R Krumpelt, M AF Carter, JD Cruse, TA Bae, JM Ralph, JM Myers, DJ Kumar, R Krumpelt, M BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI Bipolar plate-supported solid oxide fuel cells for auxiliary power units SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB This paper presents an advanced design and fabrication concept for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The concept is based on a laminate repeat unit comprised of a thin electrolyte, cermet anode, metallic gas flow fields, and a metallic bipolar plate. The laminate is sintered in a single-step process in a controlled atmosphere, and the cathode is applied and sintered in situ during the initial heating of the cell (or stack). Observations about the types of cracks that formed in the electrolyte during the sintering process guided the development of the sintering protocol to yield the desired product. Cells with power densities exceeding 250 mW/cm(2) have been tested. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carter, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 545 EP 550 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100081 ER PT S AU Weil, KS Coyle, CA Kim, JY Hardy, JS AF Weil, KS Coyle, CA Kim, JY Hardy, JS BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI The effect of composition on the wetting behavior and joint strength of the Ag-CuO reactive air braze SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB As interest in high temperature electrochemical membrane devices for energy and gas generation has intensified, it has become apparent that developing an appropriate method of hermetically joining the ceramic and metallic components in these devices will be critical to their success. A recently developed technique referred to as reactive air brazing (RAB) has shown promise in the joining of components for planar solid oxide fuel cells (pSOFC) and oxygen generators. In the study described below, the relationship between braze composition, substrate wetting, and joint strenth was investigated to gain further understanding of the RAB process. It was found that braze wettability and joint strength are inversely related for the simple binary Ag-CuO braze system. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 551 EP 556 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100082 ER PT S AU Zeng, Z Natesan, K AF Zeng, Z Natesan, K BE Knauth, P Tarascon, JM Traversa, E Tuller, HL TI Metal dusting problem with metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cell SO SOLID STATE IONICS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID TRANSPORT; CR2O3 AB Metallic interconnects in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are oxidized on the cathode side by air and carburized on the anode side by natural gas. Metallic alloys can be attacked by metal dusting corrosion in carbonaceous gases of high carbon activity in the temperature range of 350-1000degreesC. Under these conditions, pits form on the alloy surface and can become large holes through the alloy plate, with subsequent disintegration into a powdery mixture composed of carbon, fine particles of metal, and carbide. Fe and Ni-base alloys were tested in carbonaceous gases around the SOFC operating temperature. It was found that the oxide scales on the alloy surface prevent metal dusting corrosion. If the major phase in the oxide scale is chromic oxide, the alloys have good resistance to metal dusting corrosion. However, the alloys are easily attacked if the major phase is spinel. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zeng, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-693-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 756 BP 557 EP 562 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BW78S UT WOS:000183159100083 ER PT B AU Wright, AL Bassett, K Eckerlin, H Ganji, A Hengeveld, D Jendrucko, R Kosanovic, D Turner, W AF Wright, AL Bassett, K Eckerlin, H Ganji, A Hengeveld, D Jendrucko, R Kosanovic, D Turner, W BE Wells, J TI Results from the Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) steam tool benchmarking support project SO SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 09-11, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Energy Engn Inc AB The U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Industrial Technology (OIT) BestPractices effort is developing a number of software tools to assist industrial energy users to improve the efficiency of their operations. One of the software tools developed is the "Steam System Scoping Tool." In the summer of 2001, six of the DOE Industrial Assessment Centers (IACs) completed a project to provide data on the usefulness of the Steam System Scoping Tool. These six IACs performed eighteen plant steam system assessments; as part of these assessments the Steam System Scoping Tool was used and evaluated. This paper presents the results from these steam system assessments, and the results of the evaluations of the Steam System Scoping Tool. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BestPractices Steam, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wright, AL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BestPractices Steam, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-411-X PY 2003 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW65S UT WOS:000182707200004 ER PT B AU Chvala, WD Winiarski, DW AF Chvala, WD Winiarski, DW BE Wells, J TI Technology demonstration: Magnetically-coupled adjustable speed drive systems SO SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 09-11, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Energy Engn Inc AB Adjustable speed drive (ASD) technologies have the ability to precisely control motor system output and produce a number of benefits including energy and demand savings. This paper examines the performance and cost effectiveness of a specific class of ASDs called magnetically-coupled adjustable speed drives (MC-ASD), which use the strength of a magnetic field to control the amount of torque transferred between motor and drive shaft. The MagnaDrive(TM) Adjustable Speed Coupling System (referred to hereafter as the MagnaDrive Coupling) uses fixed rare-earth magnets and varies the distance between rotating plates in the assembly. The PAYBACK(R) Variable Speed Drive (referred to hereafter as the PAYBACK Drive) from Coyote Electronics uses an electromagnet to control the speed of the drive. Laboratory testing was conducted at the Motor Systems Resource Facility at Oregon State University, to evaluate performance for the MagnaDrive, PAYBACK, and a common variable frequency drive (VFD) when connected to a 50-hp motor driving three different load profiles: fan, low head pump, and high head pump. The testing consistently showed that in the upper speed range (80 to 100% of full speed) the MC-ASD efficiency was typically between 2 to 4% less than a comparable VFD, However, in the lower speed range (less than 50%), the VFD was substantially more efficient, often using less than one half of the energy of the MC-ASDs. Based on the test data, a life-cycle cost analysis was performed using a 50-hp fan retrofit as an example. The VFD performed the best, saving 61,120 kWh/yr over the baseline conditions. Assuming $0.06 per kilowatt-hour with no demand charges produced a simple payback of 2.4 years. The PAYBACK Drive had the best simple payback at 1.9 years because of its low purchase and installation costs. The MagnaDrive, which has the highest initial cost (purchase and installation), produced a simple payback of 4.6 years. Long-term operations and maintenance costs were not considered, which skews the comparison because technologies like MC-ASD are designed with reduced maintenance costs in mind. Based on the results of this study, the MC-ASD technology shows good potential for new construction and retrofit application in Federal facilities. The MagnaDrive appears best suited for direct-drive loads, especially on very large motors. The design of the PAYBACK Drive makes it ideal for belt-driven loads. C1 US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fed Energy Management Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Chvala, WD (reprint author), US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fed Energy Management Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-411-X PY 2003 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW65S UT WOS:000182707200010 ER PT B AU Kline, KL Hadley, SW Kelley, JS AF Kline, KL Hadley, SW Kelley, JS BE Wells, J TI ADD CHP - Accelerated development and deployment of combined cooling, heat and power at federal facilities SO SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 09-11, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Energy Engn Inc AB Fuel-efficient distributed energy generation systems such as combined cooling, heat and power (CHP or cogeneration) are attracting increasing attention among project developers and policy makers because they can make significant contributions to mitigating key power sector constraints. These systems can meet increased energy needs, reduce transmission congestion, cut emissions, increase power quality and reliability, and increase the overall energy security for a site. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) recently completed a national market assessment to estimate the potential impacts of CHP in the federal sector [Ref. 1]. That study suggests that CHP could be successfully applied in 9% of large federal facilities, annually conserve 50 trillion Btus of primary energy, reduce CO2 emissions by 2.7 million metric tons, and cut utility bills by $170 million. Although many CHP technologies are proven and the potential savings and benefits are significant, project development lags behind potential in the federal sector. This paper describes FEMP Programs to "ADD CHP" (Accelerate Development and Deployment of Combined Cooling, Heat and Power) at federal facilities and other CHP outreach efforts including FEMP's New Technology Demonstration Program (NTDP). ADD CHP works to identify and reduce barriers to installation of CHP technologies in federal buildings. FEMP's role, CHP market potential in the federal sector, issues affecting CHP deployment, the strategy to expedite CHP projects, and progress to date are all discussed herein. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kline, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-411-X PY 2003 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW65S UT WOS:000182707200011 ER PT B AU Sullivan, GP Melendez, AP Pugh, R AF Sullivan, GP Melendez, AP Pugh, R BE Wells, J TI FEMP'S O&M best practices guide - A guide to achieving operational efficiency SO SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 09-11, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Energy Engn Inc AB FEMP's Operations and Maintenance Best Practices Guide (O&M BPG) highlights O&M programs targeting energy efficiency, which are estimated to save 5% to 20% on energy bills without a significant capital investment. Depending on the Federal site, these savings can represent thousands to hundreds-of-thousands of dollars each year, and many can be achieved with minimal cash outlays. In addition to energy/resource savings, a well-run O&M program will: " Increase the safety of all staff because properly maintained equipment is safer equipment. Ensure the comfort, health and safety of building occupants through properly functioning equipment, providing a healthy indoor environment. Confirm the design life expectancy of equipment is achieved. Facilitate compliance with Federal legislation such as the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. The focus of this guide is to provide the Federal O&M/energy manager and practitioner with information and actions aimed at achieving these savings and benefits. The O&M BPG was developed under the direction of the Department of Energys Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, CEM, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sullivan, GP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, CEM, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-411-X PY 2003 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW65S UT WOS:000182707200016 ER PT B AU Parker, GB Gillespie, A Dixon, D Brown, D Reilly, R Warwick, M AF Parker, GB Gillespie, A Dixon, D Brown, D Reilly, R Warwick, M BE Wells, J TI Strategy for developing 10-year energy management plans at US Army Forces Command installations SO SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 09-11, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Energy Engn Inc AB In order to reach the energy reduction and sustainability goals of the Executive Order 13123, and to minimize overall energy and water costs, the U.S Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) has embarked on a program to develop comprehensive 10-year Energy Management Plans for each of the 11 major FORSCOM installations. These plans will identify activities and projects critical to the installations reaching the Executive Order (E.O.) goals as well as help ensure a reliable and secure energy supply. Each FORSCOM installation will be responsible for developing a plan that is closely linked with the installation Master Plan. The Energy Management Plan will cover both demand side (efficiency) elements and supply side (commodity procurement), as well as energy/water security assessments and funding/financing resource requirements. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Parker, GB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-411-X PY 2003 BP 129 EP 139 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW65S UT WOS:000182707200021 ER PT B AU Brown, DR Dirks, JA AF Brown, DR Dirks, JA BE Wells, J TI Prospective forscom energy intensities SO SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 09-11, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Energy Engn Inc AB The U.S. Army's Forces Command (FORSCOM) has seen its energy intensity (MBtu/ksf(1) building floor space) drop from 118.8 in 1985 to 95.9 in 2000. Executive Order 13123 requires that energy intensity be reduced by 35% relative to 1985 by 2010. Thus, FORSCOM must further reduce its energy intensity to 77.2 by the end of this decade. The objective of this study was to estimate the potential impact on FORSCOM's energy intensity in 2010 from key planned or prospective changes to installation energy-related infrastructure. This includes changes from the natural turnover of certain energy-related equipment, ongoing or currently planned programs, and retrofit with cost-effective energy efficiency measures. The study results indicate that the combination of currently planned infrastructure changes coupled with cost-effective energy efficiency measures would allow FORSCOM to meet its energy goals. This paper describes these infrastructure changes, documents the analytical approach, and presents the results from the study. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-411-X PY 2003 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW65S UT WOS:000182707200038 ER PT B AU Hughes, PJ Shonder, JA AF Hughes, PJ Shonder, JA BE Wells, J TI Geothermal heat pumps - A case study of Federal agencies leading by example SO SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 09-11, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Energy Engn Inc AB The term geothermal heat pumps (also known as GHPs, ground-coupled heat pumps, and GeoExchange systems) refers to a family of systems that meet heating, cooling, and water heating needs while using 20-40% less energy than conventional space-conditioning systems. The GHP industry evolved from a few refinements in commercially available water-source heat pump and natural gas distribution pipe technology. Closed-loop ground heat exchangers made of high-density polyethylene, in combination with water-source heat pumps modified to operate over an extended range of entering water temperatures, enabled GHP systems to operate cost-effectively for both residential and commercial/institutional buildings in virtually any climate. Electric utilities in the United States, led initially by the rural electric cooperatives, embraced GHPs as a means to reduce utility peak loads, improve load factors, and gain market share. Policy makers took notice and estimated that widespread use of GHPs would enable the United States to save as much as 2.7 quads of energy, or over 3% of the nation's total. As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's overall GHP effort, several programs were launched to support mainstreaming the use of GHPs-including the Federal Energy Management Program's GHP technology-specific program. This paper introduces the technology and its history, describes the FEMP GHP program, reviews the success federal agencies have had in leading by example in the application of GHPs with FEMP's assistance, and discusses the lessons learned. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hughes, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-411-X PY 2003 BP 283 EP 295 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW65S UT WOS:000182707200039 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Borkowski, M Ferraro, JR Thiyagarajan, P Littrell, KC AF Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Borkowski, M Ferraro, JR Thiyagarajan, P Littrell, KC TI Third phase formation revisited: The U(VI), HNO3-TBP, n-dodecane system SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE third phase formation; tributylphosphate; uranyl nitrate; small angle neutron; scattering; EXAFS ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION COMPOUNDS; NITRIC-ACID EXTRACTION; METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; TRI-ISOBUTYLPHOSPHATE; METAL-CATIONS; AGGREGATION; COMPLEXES; SCATTERING; PHOSPHATE; ACTINIDE AB In this work, the system U(VI), HNO3-tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), n-dodecane has been revisited with the objective of gaining information on the coordination chemistry and structural evolution of the species formed in the organic phase before and after third phase formation. Chemical analyses, spectroscopic and EXAFS data indicate that U(VI) is extracted as the UO2(NO3)(2).2TBP adduct, while the third phase species have the average composition UO2(NO3)(2).2TBP.HNO3. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on TBP solutions loaded with only HNO3 or with increasing amounts of U(VI) have revealed the presence, before phase splitting, of ellipsoidal aggregates with the major and minor axes up to about 64 and 15 Angstrom, respectively. The formation of these aggregates, very likely of the reverse micelle-type, is observed in all cases, that is, when only HNO3, only UO2(NO3)(2), or both HNO3 and UO2(NO3)(2) are extracted by the TBP solution. Upon third phase formation, the SANS data reveal the presence of smaller aggregates in the light organic phase, while the heavy organic phase contains pockets of diluent, each with an average of about two molecules of n-dodecane. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 53 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 22 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1081/SEI-120017545 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 645AU UT WOS:000180954700001 ER PT J AU Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Hay, BP Garza, PA Hutchison, JE Gilbertson, RD AF Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Hay, BP Garza, PA Hutchison, JE Gilbertson, RD TI A novel bicyclic diamide with high binding affinity for trivalent f-block elements SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE europium; americium; diamide; extraction ID NITRIC-ACID SOLUTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; FISSION-PRODUCTS; DIAMEX PROCESS; CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS; ALIPHATIC AMIDES; MINOR ACTINIDES; URANIUM(VI); U(VI); MALONAMIDES AB A new bicyclic diamide compound, 3,9-diaza-3,9-dioctylbicyclo[4.4.0]decane-2, 10-dione (1) has been prepared, and its affinity for Eu3+ and Am3+ has been explored using liquid-liquid extraction methods. Molecular mechanics calculations have shown that the two amide oxygen atoms in 1 should be ideally situated for binding to trivalent actinide or lanthanide ions and should form strong complexes. The data in this report support this hypothesis. As determined by liquid-liquid extraction, the affinity of 1 for Eu3+ is on the order of 10(7) times greater than previously investigated malonamides. The extraction behavior for Am3+ is similar to that of Eu3+. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1081/SEI-120017546 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 645AU UT WOS:000180954700002 ER PT J AU Bonnesen, PV Delmau, LH Moyer, BA Lumetta, GJ AF Bonnesen, PV Delmau, LH Moyer, BA Lumetta, GJ TI Development of effective solvent modifiers for the solvent extraction of cesium from alkaline high-level tank waste SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE modifier; cesium extraction; CSSX; fluorinated alcohol ID SEPARATION; HYDROXIDE; ALCOHOL AB A series of novel alkylphenoxy fluorinated alcohols were prepared and investigated for their effectiveness as modifiers in solvents containing calix[4]arene-bis-(tert-octylbenzo)-crown-6 for the extraction of cesium from alkaline nitrate media. The structure of the fluorinated portion of the modifier influences the chemical stability, and a modifier that contained a terminal 1, 1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy group was found to decompose following long-term exposure to warm alkaline solutions. However, replacement of the tetrafluoroethoxy group with a 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy group led to a series of modifiers that possessed the alkaline stability required for a solvent extraction process. Within this series of modifiers, the structure of the alkyl substituent (tert-octyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, and see-butyl) of the alkylphenoxy moiety was found to have a profound impact on the phase behavior of the solvent in liquid-liquid contacting experiments, and hence on the overall suitability of the modifier for a solvent extraction process. The sec-butyl derivative [1-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-sec-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol] (Cs-7SB) was found to possess the best overall balance of properties with respect to third phase and coalescence behavior, cleanup following degradation, resistance to solids formation, and cesium distribution behavior. Accordingly, this modifier was selected for use as a component of the solvent employed in the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) process designed for the removal of cesium from high-level nuclear waste (HLW) at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site. In batch equilibrium experiments, this solvent has also been successfully shown to extract cesium from both simulated and actual solutions generated from caustic leaching of HLW tank sludge stored in tank B-110 at the DOE's Hanford Site. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Bonnesen, PV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS-6119-4500S,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 2 BP 141 EP 170 DI 10.1081/SEI-120018944 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 684RL UT WOS:000183220300001 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR Herlinger, AW AF Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR Herlinger, AW TI Composition of the organic phase species in the synergistic extraction of Sr2+ by mixtures of di(2-ethylhexyl) alkylenediphosphonic acids and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE synergistic extraction; alkylenediphosphoric acids; dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 ID SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; METAL EXTRACTION; ALKALINE-EARTH; SULFONIC-ACID; AGGREGATION; SYSTEMS; CATIONS; ION AB The extraction of Sr2+, Ba2+ and Ra2+ from aqueous nitric acid solutions by P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) ethylene- (H2DEH[EDP]) and butylene- (H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids in o-xylene is synergized by the cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis stereoisomers of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6). However, no information is available on the composition of the synergistic complexes. In this work a detailed investigation of the composition of the organic phase species formed in these systems has been performed using Sr2+ as a probe, with a variety of techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, vapor pressure osmometry, and distribution methods. The latter methods have been employed under conditions ranging from trace metal concentration to organic phase saturation. The results from these experiments indicate that for the H2DEH[BuDP] system, the synergistic complex contains one Sr2+ ion, one crown ether molecule, and two diphosphonic acid trimers. For the H2DEH[EDP] system, the predominant synergistic complex has the 1 : 1 : 1 metal ion: crown ether: diphosphonic acid hexamer stoichiometry. Some of the results, however, indicate that a complex containing two H2DEH[EDP] hexamers can also be formed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 2 BP 171 EP 197 DI 10.1081/SEI-120018945 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 684RL UT WOS:000183220300002 ER PT J AU Powell, BA Navratil, JD Thompson, MC AF Powell, BA Navratil, JD Thompson, MC TI Compounds of hexavalent uranium and dibutylphosphate in nitric acid systems SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE uranium; uranyl; dibutyl phosphoric acid; PUREX; HDBP ID EXTRACTION AB Storage tanks at the Savannah River Site (SRS) contain highly enriched uranium (U) and dibutyl phosphoric acid (HDBP), formed from the hydrolysis and radiolysis of tributylphosphate (TBP) in the PUREX process. Highly enriched dibutyl phosphoric acid, a relatively strong acid with a pKa (acid dissociation constant) of about one, forms insoluble compounds with U and other actinides in acid solutions. Accumulation of solids in these storage tanks presents a criticality hazard and must be avoided. In this work, U and HDBP compounds were formed from batch reactions in 0.2-6.0 M nitric acid (HNO3) and two HDBP concentrations, forming either a homogenous or heterogeneous solution based on solubility. A 4: 1 HDBP: U ratio was used in all experiments. The chemical composition of the compounds was characterized using liquid scintillation, ion chromatography, and stannous chloride reduction. The physical characteristics of the U and HDBP compounds were characterized using a combination of infrared spectrometry (IR), electronic spectrophotometry (UV/Vis), and Phosphorous-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (P-31 NMR). The physical appearance of the solids ranged from a pale yellow powder at 0.2M HNO3 loading to a bright yellow gel at 6.0M HNO3, with constant modifications as the acid concentration increased. The U and HDBP precipitate from 0.2 M HNO3 was characterized as UO2(DBP)2 (a polymer with ten units) in homogenous U and HDBP solutions and UO2(DBP)(2)(HDBP), (where x = 1 or 2) in heterogeneous U and HDBP solutions. Indications of nitrate complexation appeared in precipitates from 0.8 M HNO3 for both HDBP loadings, however a I: I uranium: nitrate ratio was not reached at that acid concentration. UO2(NO3)(H(DBP)(2))(HDBP)(2) precipitated from > 3.0 M HNO3 with high HDBP concentrations. This compound was not formed until 6.0 M HNO3 was used in lower HDBP concentrations. It is assumed that the change in physical characteristics and addition of nitrate coincides with the breakdown of the UO2(DBP)(2) polymer. Supporting data for these findings are presented and discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC USA. RP Powell, BA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, 342 Comp Court, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. RI Powell, Brian /C-7640-2011 OI Powell, Brian /0000-0003-0423-0180 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 347 EP 368 DI 10.1081/SEI-120020215 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 679WG UT WOS:000182944500002 ER PT J AU Haverlock, TJ Bonnesen, PV Moyer, BA AF Haverlock, TJ Bonnesen, PV Moyer, BA TI Separation of NaOH by solvent extraction using weak hydroxy acids SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE solvent extraction; sodium hydroxide; alkyl phenol; cation exchange; fluorinated alcohol ID ALKALI-METAL IONS; STERIC HINDRANCE; METHANOL; PHENOLS; ALCOHOL AB Separation of sodium hydroxide from aqueous salt solutions at elevated pH may be accomplished by use of solvent extraction with weak hydroxy acids. A series of lipophilic weak hydroxy acids, including alkyl phenols and fluorinated alcohols, has been characterized with regard to their ability to extract sodium into 1-octanol as a function of temperature and extractant concentration. lsotherms are presented at 10, 25, and 60degreesC, employing extractant concentrations up to 1 M and aqueous NaOH concentrations up to 7 M. Near stoichiometric loading of all compounds tested may be achieved in a process postulated to be simple cation exchange. Extraction strength increases with the expected acidity of the hydroxy acids. Strongest extraction was observed with two alkyl phenols and 4-n-octyl-alpha,alpha-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol. Essentially complete removal of free hydroxide from a solution containing sodium hydroxide, nitrate, and aluminate was accomplished using 1M 4-tert-octylphenol in 1-octanol at 60degreesC. Consequently, as the pH of the solution was lowered, aluminum was observed to precipitate as the Bayerite form of AI(OH)3, Contacting the loaded solvent with water released NaOH into the strip solution, and good selectivity for hydroxide vs. nitrate and aluminate was obtained. Since hydroxide equivalents rather than the hydroxide ion itself are believed to be extracted by the weak hydroxy acids, the process is referred to as pseudo-hydroxide extraction. Application of this concept to sodium removal and caustic recycle in the treatment of alkaline nuclear waste appears feasible. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 483 EP 504 DI 10.1081/SEI-120022517 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 705FH UT WOS:000184384700001 ER PT J AU Leonard, RA Aase, SB Arafat, HA Conner, C Chamberlain, DB Falkenberg, JR Regalbuto, MC Vandegrift, GF AF Leonard, RA Aase, SB Arafat, HA Conner, C Chamberlain, DB Falkenberg, JR Regalbuto, MC Vandegrift, GF TI Experimental verification of caustic-side solvent extraction for removal of cesium from tank waste SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE caustic-side solvent extraction; cesium extraction; flowsheet tests; centrifugal contactor ID CENTRIFUGAL CONTACTOR AB A caustic-side solvent extraction (CSSX) process was developed to remove Cs from Savannah River Site (SRS) high-level waste. The CSSX process was verified in a series of flowsheet tests at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in a minicontactor (2-cm centrifugal contactor) using simulant. The CSSX solvent, which was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), consists of a calixarene-crown ether as the extractant, an alkyl aryl polyether as the modifier, trioctylamine as the suppressant, and Isopar(R)L as the diluent. For Cs removal from the SRS tank waste, the key process goals are that: (1) Cs is removed from the waste with a decontamination factor greater than 40,000 and (2) the recovered Cs is concentrated by a factor of 15 in dilute nitric acid. In the flowsheet verification tests, the objectives were to: (1) prove that these process goals could be met; (2) demonstrate that they could be maintained over a period of several days as the CSSX solvent is recycled; and (3) verify that the process goals could still be met after the solvent composition was adjusted. The change in composition eliminated the possibility that the calixarene-crown ether could precipitate from the solvent. The process goals were met for each of the verification tests. The results of these tests, which are summarized here, show that the CSSX process is a very effective way to remove Cs from caustic-side waste. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leonard, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 505 EP 526 DI 10.1081/sei-120022518 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 705FH UT WOS:000184384700002 ER PT J AU DeBiase, AE Taylor, BE AF DeBiase, AE Taylor, BE TI New reports of fairy shrimps (Crustacea : Anostraca and clam shrimps (Crustacea : Laevicaudata and Spinicaudata) from South Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TEMPORARY PONDS; BRANCHIOPODA; CONCHOSTRACA; LYNCEIDAE AB Distributions of two species of fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) and two species of clam shrimps (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Laevicaudata and Spinicaudata; formerly Conchostraca) in Carolina bays and other wetland ponds are reported for the Atlantic Coastal Plain province of South Carolina. The distributions are based on extensive sampling of 123 ponds at 11 sites in 10 counties. The fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sealii, which was common (28 ponds), has been previously published as a state occurrence. Here, we present new county occurrences. The other fairy shrimp, Elibranchipus inoorei, which was uncommon (3 ponds), has not previously been reported for the state, nor has either of the clam shrimps, Limnadia lenticularis, which was uncommon (3 ponds), and Lynceus gracilicornis, which was common (17 ponds). C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP DeBiase, AE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0207:NROFSC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697GT UT WOS:000183934700004 ER PT S AU Brooks, AL Lei, XYC Rithidech, K AF Brooks, AL Lei, XYC Rithidech, K BE Hei, TK Wu, HL TI Changes in biomarkers from space radiation may reflect dose not risk SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: BIODOSIMETRY, BIOMARKERS AND LATE STOCHASTIC EFFECTS OF SPACE RADIATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Space Congress CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; GAMMA-RAYS; SENSITIVITY; MICRONUCLEI; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; LESIONS AB This presentation evaluates differences between radiation biomarkers of dose and risk and demonstrates the consequential problems associated with using biomarkers to do risk calculations following radiation exposures to the complex radiation environment found in deep space. Dose is a physical quantity, while risk is a biological quantity. Dose does not predict risk. This manuscript discusses species sensitivity factors, tissue weighting factors, and radiation quality factors derived from relative biological effectiveness (RBE). These factors are used to modify dose to make it a better predictor of risk. At low doses, where it is not possible to measure changes in risk, biomarkers have been used incorrectly as an intermediate step in predicting risk. Examples of biomarkers that do not predict risk are reviewed. Species sensitivity factors were evaluated using the Syrian hamster and the Wistar rat. Although the frequency of chromosome damage is very similar in these two species, the Wistar rat is very sensitive to radiation-induced lung cancer while the Syrian hamster is very resistant. To illustrate problems involved in using tissue weighting factors, rat trachea and deep lung tissues were compared. The similar level of chromosome damage observed in these two tissues would predict that the risk for cancer induction would be the same. However, even though large numbers of deep lung tumors result from inhaled radon, under the same exposure conditions there has never been a tracheal tumor observed. Finally, the Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) used to generate "quality factors" that convert exposure and dose from different types of radiation to a single measure of risk, is discussed. Important risk comparisons are done at very low doses, where the response to the reference radiation has been shown to either increase or decrease as a function of dose. Thus, the RBE and the subsequent risk predicted is more dependent on the background response of the endpoint and the shape of the dose response to the reference radiation than it is on the radiation type of interest. A large study using micronuclei as biomarkers following exposure to different energies of mono-energetic neutrons, x-rays and gamma rays delivered at very low doses (0.0 to 0.10 Gy) is reported. As additional biomarkers of risk involved in critical steps in the carcinogenic process are developed, it may become possible to base risk estimates on biological change rather than the radiation energy deposition or dose. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NYU, Stony Brook, NY 11973 USA. RP Brooks, AL (reprint author), Washington State Univ Tri Cities, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA74053-01]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-FG03-99ER62787] NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1505 EP 1512 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00084-X PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX38D UT WOS:000185090300003 PM 12971405 ER PT S AU Winske, D Yin, L Omidi, N Karimabadi, H Quest, K AF Winske, D Yin, L Omidi, N Karimabadi, H Quest, K BE Buchner, J Dum, CT Scholer, M TI Hybrid simulation codes: Past, present and future - A tutorial SO SPACE PLASMA SIMULATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International School Symposium on Space Plasma Simulation CY SEP, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID MAGNETOTAIL RECONNECTION LAYER; ION-CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; PERPENDICULAR BOW SHOCK; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; PLASMA SIMULATION; SLOW SHOCKS; SOLAR-WIND; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE AB Hybrid codes, in which the ions are treated kinetically and the electrons are assumed to be a massless fluid, have been widely used in space physics over the past two decades. These codes are used to model phenomena on ion inertial and gyro-radius scales, which fall between longer scales obtained by magnetohydrodynamic simulations and shorter scales attainable by full particle simulations. In this tutorial, the assumptions and equations of the hybrid model are described along with some most commonly used numerical implement at, ions. Modifications to include finite electron mass are also briefly discussed. Examples of results of two-dimensional hybrid simulations are used to illustrate the method, to indicate some of the tradeoffs that need to be addressed in a realistic calculation, and to demonstrate the utility of the technique for problems of contemporary interest. Some speculation about the future direction of space physics research using hybrid codes is also provided. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Winske, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 80 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-00698-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2003 VL 615 BP 136 EP 165 DI 10.1007/3-540-36530-3_8 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BW58A UT WOS:000182488400008 ER PT S AU Friedel, RHW Cayton, TE O'Brien, P Bourdarie, S AF Friedel, RHW Cayton, TE O'Brien, P Bourdarie, S BE Reid, MS Romero, M TI Relativistic electron dynamics in the inner magnetosphere: Do we know enough for predictions? SO SPACE SAFETY, RESCUE AND QUALITY 2001 SE Science and Technology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Symposium on Space Safety, Rescue and Quality CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Int Acad Astronaut Comm Safety & Qual ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; GEM MAGNETIC STORMS; SOLAR-WIND; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; CLOUD; ZONE; ENERGIZATION; SIMULATION; EVENTS AB The dynamics of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere around the time of geomagnetic disturbances have received a lot of attention in recent years. Apart from the environmentally damaging impact these electrons have on space-hardware in MEO and GEO orbits, and their obvious impact on space weather, the scientific issues surrounding the transport, acceleration and loss of these particles in the inner magnetosphere have not been fully resolved. One of the prime difficulties in the dynamics of relativistic electrons is their somewhat uncorrelated behavior with regard to the major solar wind drivers of the Earth's magnetospheric dynamics (solar wind velocity, density and magnetic field strength/direction). Relativistic electrons observed at geosynchronous altitude reach their peak several days after the onset of a magnetic storm, and a wide range of responses can occur for seemingly similar geomagnetic disturbances/storms. We give here a brief review and comparison of the current state of research into relativistic electron dynamics in the inner magnetosphere. We present the results of a recent statistical study which has yielded some operational thresholds for the occurrence of relativistic electron enhancements. We also present the results of a simple model that can quite accurately predict the relativistic electron fluxes at geosynchronous orbit. General prediction everywhere in the inner magnetosphere is still beyond the capabilities of this field. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0278-4017 BN 0-87703-501-6; 0-87703-500-8 J9 SCI TECH PY 2003 VL 106 BP 121 EP 132 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW51V UT WOS:000182255700009 ER PT J AU Moldwin, MB Sandel, BR Thomsen, MF Elphic, RC AF Moldwin, MB Sandel, BR Thomsen, MF Elphic, RC TI Quantifying global plasmaspheric images with in situ observations SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE plasmasphere; plasmapause; EUV ID PLASMAPAUSE REGION; GEOMAGNETIC PULSATIONS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; OUTER PLASMASPHERE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; BULGE REGION; MODEL; CONVECTION; SATELLITES AB Simultaneous IMAGE EUV plasmaspheric images and Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer (MPA) data from the Los Alamos National Laboratory's geosynchronous satellites are combined to understand plasmaspheric behavior and to quantify the global images. A brief review of the understanding of the plasmasphere as learned from in situ observations prior to the launch of IMAGE is given to place the results presented here into context. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Moldwin, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011 OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 109 IS 1-4 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1023/B:SPAC.0000007512.69979.8f PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752EA UT WOS:000187133000004 ER PT J AU Pollock, CJ Brandt, PC Burch, JL Henderson, MG Jahn, JM Mccomas, DJ Mende, SB Mitchell, DG Reeves, GD Scime, EE Skoug, RM Thomsen, M Valek, P AF Pollock, CJ Brandt, PC Burch, JL Henderson, MG Jahn, JM Mccomas, DJ Mende, SB Mitchell, DG Reeves, GD Scime, EE Skoug, RM Thomsen, M Valek, P TI The role and contributions of Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging in magnetospheric substorm research SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; IMAGES; PARTICLE; MISSION; POLAR; DISTRIBUTIONS; MAGNETOTAIL; INJECTIONS; STORMS AB Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging has contributed substantially to substorm research. This technique has allowed significant advances in areas such as observation and quantification of injected particle drift as a function of energy, observation of dynamics in the tail that are directly related to the effects of imposed (growth phase) and induced (expansion phase) electric fields on the plasma, the prompt extraction of oxygen from the ionosphere during substorms, the relationship between storms and substorms, and the timing of substorm ENA signatures. We present discussion of the advantages and shortcomings of the ENA technique for studying space plasmas. Although the technique is in its infancy, it is yielding results that enrich our understanding of the substorm process and its effects. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Pollock, CJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306; Valek, Philip/0000-0002-2318-8750 NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 109 IS 1-4 BP 155 EP 182 DI 10.1023/B:SPAC.0000007518.93331.d5 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 752EA UT WOS:000187133000009 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G AF Lapenta, G TI A new paradigm for 3D collisionless magnetic reconnection SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE magnetotail; reconnection ID HYBRID DRIFT INSTABILITY; THIN CURRENT SHEETS; CONVECTION; FLOW AB A new paradigm is suggested for 3D magnetic reconnection where the interaction of reconnection processes with current aligned instabilities plays an important role. According to the new paradigm, the initial equilibrium is rendered unstable by current aligned instabilities (lower-hybrid drift instability first, drift-kink instability later) and the non-uniform development of kinking modes leads to a compression of magnetic field lines in certain locations and a rarefaction in others. The areas where the flow is compressional are subjected to a driven reconnection process. In the present paper we illustrate this series of events with a selection of simulation results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 107 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1023/A:1025579923977 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 717PR UT WOS:000185099000018 ER PT J AU Burnett, DS Barraclough, BL Bennett, R Neugebauer, M Oldham, LP Sasaki, CN Sevilla, D Smith, N Stansbery, E Sweetnam, D Wiens, RC AF Burnett, DS Barraclough, BL Bennett, R Neugebauer, M Oldham, LP Sasaki, CN Sevilla, D Smith, N Stansbery, E Sweetnam, D Wiens, RC TI The Genesis Discovery mission: Return of solar matter to Earth SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; QUASI-STATIONARY; WIND; OXYGEN; ABUNDANCES; NITROGEN; NEBULA; SOHO/CELIAS/MTOF; FRACTIONATION AB The Genesis Discovery mission will return samples of solar matter for analysis of isotopic and elemental compositions in terrestrial laboratories. This is accomplished by exposing ultra-pure materials to the solar wind at the L1 Lagrangian point and returning the materials to Earth. Solar wind collection will continue until April 2004 with Earth return in Sept. 2004. The general science objectives of Genesis are to ( 1) to obtain solar isotopic abundances to the level of precision required for the interpretation of planetary science data, ( 2) to significantly improve knowledge of solar elemental abundances, ( 3) to measure the composition of the different solar wind regimes, and ( 4) to provide a reservoir of solar matter to serve the needs of planetary science in the 21st century. The Genesis flight system is a sun-pointed spinner, consisting of a spacecraft deck and a sample return capsule ( SRC). The SRC houses a canister which contains the collector materials. The lid of the SRC and a cover to the canister were opened to begin solar wind collection on November 30, 2001. To obtain samples of O and N ions of higher fluence relative to background levels in the target materials, an electrostatic mirror ('concentrator') is used which focuses the incoming ions over a diameter of about 20 cm onto a 6 cm diameter set of target materials. Solar wind electron and ion monitors ( electrostatic analyzers) determine the solar wind regime present at the spacecraft and control the deployment of separate arrays of collector materials to provide the independent regime samples. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lockheed Martin Astronaut, Denver, CO 80201 USA. RP Burnett, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM burnett@gps.caltech.edu NR 32 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 509 EP 534 DI 10.1023/A:1024425810605 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GA UT WOS:000183707700001 ER PT J AU Jurewicz, AJG Burnett, DS Wiens, RC Friedmann, TA Hays, CC Hohlfelder, RJ Nishiizumi, K Stone, JA Woolum, DS Becker, R Butterworth, AL Campbell, AJ Ebihara, M Franchi, IA Heber, V Hohenberg, CM Humayun, M McKeegan, KD McNamara, K Meshik, A Pepin, RO Schlutter, D Wieler, R AF Jurewicz, AJG Burnett, DS Wiens, RC Friedmann, TA Hays, CC Hohlfelder, RJ Nishiizumi, K Stone, JA Woolum, DS Becker, R Butterworth, AL Campbell, AJ Ebihara, M Franchi, IA Heber, V Hohenberg, CM Humayun, M McKeegan, KD McNamara, K Meshik, A Pepin, RO Schlutter, D Wieler, R TI The Genesis solar-wind collector materials SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB Genesis ( NASA Discovery Mission #5) is a sample return mission. Collectors comprised of ultra-high purity materials will be exposed to the solar wind and then returned to Earth for laboratory analysis. There is a suite of fifteen types of ultra-pure materials distributed among several locations. Most of the materials are mounted on deployable panels ('collector arrays'), with some as targets in the focal spot of an electrostatic mirror ( the 'concentrator'). Other materials are strategically placed on the spacecraft as additional targets of opportunity to maximize the area for solar-wind collection. Most of the collection area consists of hexagonal collectors in the arrays; approximately half are silicon, the rest are for solar-wind components not retained and/or not easily measured in silicon. There are a variety of materials both in collector arrays and elsewhere targeted for the analyses of specific solar-wind components. Engineering and science factors drove the selection process. Engineering required testing of physical properties such as the ability to withstand shaking on launch and thermal cycling during deployment. Science constraints included bulk purity, surface and interface cleanliness, retentiveness with respect to individual solar-wind components, and availability. A detailed report of material parameters planned as a resource for choosing materials for study will be published on a Genesis website, and will be updated as additional information is obtained. Some material is already linked to the Genesis plasma data website ( genesis. lanl. gov). Genesis should provide a reservoir of materials for allocation to the scientific community throughout the 21st Century. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Open Univ, Planetary Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Chem, Tokyo 158, Japan. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, Zurich, Switzerland. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Jurewicz, AJG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-501,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Wieler, Rainer/A-1355-2010; McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; OI Wieler, Rainer/0000-0001-5666-7494; McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; Humayun, Munir/0000-0001-8516-9435 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 535 EP 560 DI 10.1023/A:1024469927444 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GA UT WOS:000183707700002 ER PT J AU Nordholt, JE Wiens, RC Abeyta, RA Baldonado, JR Burnett, DS Casey, P Everett, DT Kroesche, J Lockhart, WL MacNeal, P McComas, DJ Mietz, DE Moses, RW Neugebauer, M Poths, J Reisenfeld, DB Storms, SA Urdiales, C AF Nordholt, JE Wiens, RC Abeyta, RA Baldonado, JR Burnett, DS Casey, P Everett, DT Kroesche, J Lockhart, WL MacNeal, P McComas, DJ Mietz, DE Moses, RW Neugebauer, M Poths, J Reisenfeld, DB Storms, SA Urdiales, C TI The Genesis solar wind concentrator SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; BOARD SOHO; OXYGEN; CELIAS/MTOF; APOLLO-11 AB The primary goal of the Genesis Mission is to collect solar wind ions and, from their analysis, establish key isotopic ratios that will help constrain models of solar nebula formation and evolution. The ratios of primary interest include O-17/O-16 and O-18/O-16 to +/- 0.1%, N-15/N-14 to +/- 1%, and the Li, Be, and B elemental and isotopic abundances. The required accuracies in N and O ratios cannot be achieved without concentrating the solar wind and implanting it into low-background target materials that are returned to Earth for analysis. The Genesis Concentrator is designed to concentrate the heavy ion flux from the solar wind by an average factor of at least 20 and implant it into a target of ultra-pure, well-characterized materials. High-transparency grids held at high voltages are used near the aperture to reject > 90% of the protons, avoiding damage to the target. Another set of grids and applied voltages are used to accelerate and focus the remaining ions to implant into the target. The design uses an energy-independent parabolic ion mirror to focus ions onto a 6.2 cm diameter target of materials selected to contain levels of O and other elements of interest established and documented to be below 10% of the levels expected from the concentrated solar wind. To optimize the concentration of the ions, voltages are constantly adjusted based on realtime solar wind speed and temperature measurements from the Genesis ion monitor. Construction of the Concentrator required new developments in ion optics; materials; and instrument testing and handling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Mobius Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Creat Circuitry, San Antonio, TX USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Nordholt, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 561 EP 599 DI 10.1023/A:1024422011514 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GA UT WOS:000183707700003 ER PT J AU Wiens, RC Neugebauer, M Reisenfeld, DB Moses, RW Nordholt, JE Burnett, DS AF Wiens, RC Neugebauer, M Reisenfeld, DB Moses, RW Nordholt, JE Burnett, DS TI Genesis Solar Wind Concentrator: Computer simulations of performance under solar wind conditions SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN AB The design and operation of the Genesis Solar-Wind Concentrator relies heavily on computer simulations. The computer model is described here, as well as the solar wind conditions used as simulation inputs, including oxygen charge state, velocity, thermal, and angular distributions. The simulation included effects such as ion backscattering losses, which also affect the mass fractionation of the instrument. Calculations were performed for oxygen, the principal element of interest, as well as for H and He. Ion fluences and oxygen mass fractionation are determined as a function of radius on the target. The results were used to verify that the instrument was indeed meeting its requirements, and will help prepare for distribution of the target samples upon return of the instrument to earth. The actual instrumental fractionation will be determined at that time by comparing solar-wind neon isotope ratios measured in passive collectors with neon in the Concentrator target, and by using a model similar to the one described here to extrapolate the instrumental fractionation to oxygen isotopes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wiens, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-1,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rwiens@lanl.gov RI Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 601 EP 625 DI 10.1023/A:1024474028352 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GA UT WOS:000183707700004 ER PT J AU Barraclough, BL Dors, EE Abeyta, RA Alexander, JF Ameduri, FP Baldonado, JR Bame, SJ Casey, PJ Dirks, G Everett, DT Gosling, JT Grace, KM Guerrero, DR Kolar, JD Kroesche, JL Lockhart, WL McComas, DJ Mietz, DE Roese, J Sanders, J Steinberg, JT Tokar, RL Urdiales, C Wiens, RC AF Barraclough, BL Dors, EE Abeyta, RA Alexander, JF Ameduri, FP Baldonado, JR Bame, SJ Casey, PJ Dirks, G Everett, DT Gosling, JT Grace, KM Guerrero, DR Kolar, JD Kroesche, JL Lockhart, WL McComas, DJ Mietz, DE Roese, J Sanders, J Steinberg, JT Tokar, RL Urdiales, C Wiens, RC TI The plasma ion and electron instruments for the Genesis mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB The Genesis Ion Monitor (GIM) and the Genesis Electron Monitor ( GEM) provide 3-dimensional plasma measurements of the solar wind for the Genesis mission. These measurements are used onboard to determine the type of plasma that is flowing past the spacecraft and to configure the solar wind sample collection subsystems in real-time. Both GIM and GEM employ spherical-section electrostatic analyzers followed by channel electron multiplier (CEM) arrays for detection and angle and energy/charge analysis of incident ions and electrons. GIM is of a new design specific to Genesis mission requirements whereas the GEM sensor is an almost exact copy of the plasma electron sensors currently flying on the ACE and Ulysses spacecraft, albeit with new electronics and programming. Ions are detected at forty log-spaced energy levels between similar to1 eV and 14 keV by eight CEM detectors, while electrons with energies between similar to1 eV and 1.4 keV are measured at twenty log-spaced energy levels using seven CEMs. The spin of the spacecraft is used to sweep the fan-shaped fields-of-view of both instruments across all areas of the sky of interest, with ion measurements being taken forty times per spin and samples of the electron population being taken twenty four times per spin. Complete ion and electron energy spectra are measured every similar to2.5 min ( four spins of the spacecraft) with adequate energy and angular resolution to determine fully 3-dimensional ion and electron distribution functions. The GIM and GEM plasma measurements are principally used to enable the operational solar wind sample collection goals of the Genesis mission but they also provide a potentially very useful data set for studies of solar wind phenomena, especially if combined with other solar wind data sets from ACE, WIND, SOHO and Ulysses for multi-spacecraft investigations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Mobius Syst Corp, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Creat Circuitry, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. RP Barraclough, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 627 EP 660 DI 10.1023/A:1024426112422 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GA UT WOS:000183707700005 ER PT J AU Neugebauer, M Steinberg, JT Tokar, RL Barraclough, BL Dors, EE Wiens, RC Gingerich, DE Luckey, D Whiteaker, DB AF Neugebauer, M Steinberg, JT Tokar, RL Barraclough, BL Dors, EE Wiens, RC Gingerich, DE Luckey, D Whiteaker, DB TI Genesis on-board determination of the solar wind flow regime SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TEMPERATURE; EVENTS AB Some of the objectives of the Genesis mission require the separate collection of solar wind originating in different types of solar sources. Measurements of the solar wind protons, alpha particles, and electrons are used on-board the spacecraft to determine whether the solar-wind source is most likely a coronal hole, interstream flow, or a coronal mass ejection. A simple fuzzy logic scheme operating on measurements of the proton temperature, the alpha-particle abundance, and the presence of bidirectional streaming of suprathermal electrons was developed for this purpose. Additional requirements on the algorithm include the ability to identify the passage of forward shocks, reasonable levels of hysteresis and persistence, and the ability to modify the algorithm by changes in stored constants rather than changes in the software. After a few minor adjustments, the algorithm performed well during the initial portion of the mission. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Lockheed Martin Astronaut, Denver, CO USA. Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Neugebauer, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 661 EP 679 DI 10.1023/A:1024478129261 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693GA UT WOS:000183707700006 ER PT S AU Shriver, P Harikumar, J Briles, S Gokhale, M AF Shriver, P Harikumar, J Briles, S Gokhale, M BE Tchoryk, P Shoemaker, J TI An intelligent, onboard signal processing payload concept SO SPACE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Systems Technology and Operations CY APR 24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE power-aware; onboard processing AB Our approach to onboard processing will enable a quicker return and improved quality of processed data from small, remote-sensing satellites. We describe an intelligent payload concept which processes RF lightning signal data onboard the spacecraft in a power-aware manner. Presently, onboard processing is severely curtailed due to the conventional management of limited resources and power-unaware payload designs. Delays of days to weeks are commonly experienced before raw data is received, processed into a human-usable format, and finally transmitted to the end-user. We enable this resource-critical technology of onboard processing through the concept of Algorithm Power Modulation (APM). APM is a decision process used to execute a specific software algorithm, from a suite of possible algorithms, to make the best use of the available power. The suite of software algorithms chosen for our application is intended to reduce the probability of false alarms through post-processing. Each algorithm however also has a cost in energy usage. A heuristic decision tree procedure is used which selects an algorithm based on the available power, time allocated, algorithm priority, and algorithm performance. We demonstrate our approach to power-aware onboard processing through a preliminary software simulation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS3 Space Data Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS3 Space Data Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4948-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5088 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.486349 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BX58H UT WOS:000185758200012 ER PT S AU Habbit, RD Nellums, RO Niese, AD Rodriguez, JL AF Habbit, RD Nellums, RO Niese, AD Rodriguez, JL BE Tchoryk, P Shoemaker, J TI Utilization of flash LADAR for cooperative & uncooperative rendezvous and capture SO SPACE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Systems Technology and Operations CY APR 24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE range imaging; LADAR; phase detection; video rate; miniature; space flight; docking; rendezvous capture; uncooperative docking AB An ideal Rendezvous and Capture (R&C) sensor on a seeker Space Vehicle (SV) would provide accurate relative 6 degree of freedom data for the Guidance Navigation and Control System (GNCS) from far and near, operate autonomously, and provide multifunctional capability. Flash LADAR has the potential to fulfill these requirements. Sandia has developed Scannerless Range Imaging (SRI) LADAR sensors for a multitude of applications. One of the sensors, LDRI, flew onboard the STS97 mission to install the P6 truss and solar panels on the International Space Station. When compared to scanning LADAR, Scannerless LADAR is smaller, lighter, not mechanically complex, and has a much faster image acquisition time. Recently Sandia has demonstrated Flash Scannerless Range Imaging. Flash LADAR enables the capture of a full scene 3-D range image in one acquisition, thus, enabling freeze motion. The technology's proven ability to accurately image an object as well as capture the image on the move has the potential to provide very accurate static and dynamic position data for the target vehicle relative to the seeker SV. Since no specific requirements are imposed on the target vehicle, the sensor will work equally well on cooperative and uncooperative target vehicles. This sensor technology can also provide docking feature inspection data and perform a detailed inspection of the target vehicle. This paper will describe the applicability of a Flash LADAR sensor for on-orbit cooperative and uncooperative rendezvous and capture. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Habbit, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4948-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5088 BP 146 EP 157 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BX58H UT WOS:000185758200014 ER PT S AU Hall, ML AF Hall, ML BE ElGenk, MS TI Transient thermohydraulic heat pipe modeling: Incorporating THROHPUT into the CAESAR environment SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB The THROHPUT code, which models transient thermohydraulic heat pipe behavior, is being incorporated into the GESAR computational physics development environment. The GESAR environment provides many beneficial features for enhanced model development, including levelized design, unit testing, Design by Contract(TM) (Meyer, 1997), and literate programming (Knuth, 1992), in a parallel, object-based manner. The original THROHPUT code was developed as a doctoral thesis research code; the current emphasis is on making a robust, verifiable, documented, component-based production package. Results from the original, code axe included. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hall, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 106 EP 113 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400014 ER PT S AU Reid, RS AF Reid, RS BE ElGenk, MS TI SAFE alkali metal heat pipe reliability SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB Alkali metal heat pipes are among the best understood and tested of components for first generation space fission reactors. A flight reactor will require production of a hundred or more heat pipes with assured reliability over a number of years. To date, alkali metal heat pipes have been built mostly in low budget development environments with little formal quality assurance. Despite this, heat pipe test samples suggest that high reliability can be achieved with the care justified for space flight qualification. Fabrication procedures have been established that, if consistently applied, ensure long-term trouble-free heat pipe operation. Alkali metal heat pipes have been successfully flight tested in micro gravity and also have been shown capable of multi-year operation with no evidence of sensitivity to fast neutron fluence up to 10(23)n/cm(2). This represents 50 times the fluence of the proposed Safe Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE-100) heat pipe reactor core. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reid, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 114 EP 121 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400015 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Lipinski, RJ AF Wright, SA Lipinski, RJ BE ElGenk, MS TI Pin-type gas cooled reactor for nuclear electric propulsion SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB This paper describes a point design for a pin-type Gas-Cooled Reactor concept that uses a fuel pin design similar to the SP100 fuel pin. The Gas-Cooled Reactor is designed to operate at 100 kWe for 7 years plus have a reduced power mode of 20% power for a duration of 5 years. The power system uses a gas-cooled, UN-fueled, pin-type reactor to heat He/Xe gas that flows directly into a recuperated Brayton system to produce electricity. Heat is rejected to space via a thermal radiator that unfolds in space. The reactor contains approximately 154 kg of 93.15% enriched UN in 313 fuel pins. The fuel is clad with rhenium-lined Nb-1Zr. The pressures vessel and ducting are cooled by the 900 K He/Xe gas inlet flow or by thermal radiation. This permits all pressure boundaries to be made of superalloy metals rather than refractory metals, which greatly reduces the cost and development schedule required by the project. The reactor contains sufficient rhenium (a neutron poison) to make the reactor subcritical under water immersion accidents without the use of internal shutdown rods. The mass of the reactor and reflectors is about 750 kg. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lockheed Martin Corp, US DOE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lockheed Martin Corp, US DOE, POB 5800,MS 1146, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 408 EP 419 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400050 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Lipinski, RJ Godfroy, TJ Bragg-Sitton, SM Van Dyke, AK AF Wright, SA Lipinski, RJ Godfroy, TJ Bragg-Sitton, SM Van Dyke, AK BE ElGenk, MS TI Direct-Drive Gas-Cooled Reactor power system: Concept and preliminary testing SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB This paper describes the concept and preliminary component testing of a gas-cooled, UN-fueled, pin-type reactor which uses He/Xe gas that goes directly into a recuperated Brayton system to produce electricity for nuclear electric propulsion. This Direct-Drive Gas-Cooled Reactor (DDG) is designed to be subcritical under water or wet-sand immersion in-case of a launch accident. Because the gas-cooled reactor can directly drive the Brayton turbomachinery, it is possible to configure the system such that there are no external surfaces or pressure boundaries. that are refractory metal, even though the gas delivered to the turbine is 1144 K. The He/Xe gas mixture is a good heat transport medium when flowing, and a good insulator when stagnant. Judicious use of stagnant cavities as insulating regions allows transport of the 1144-K gas while keeping all external surfaces below 900 K. At this temperature superb. alloys (Hastelloy or Inconel) can be used instead of refractory metals. Super-alloys reduce the technology risk because they are easier: to fabricate than refractory metals, we have a much, more extensive knowledge base on-their characteristics, and, because they have a greater resistance to oxidation, system testing is eased. The system is also relatively simple in its design: no additional coolant pumps, heat exchanger, or freeze-thaw systems are required. Key to success of this concept is a good knowledge of the heat transfer between the fuel pins and the gas, as well as the pressure drop through the system. This paper describes preliminary testing to obtain this key information, as well as experience in demonstrating electrically heated testing of simulated reactor components. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 445 EP 450 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400054 ER PT S AU Kapernick, RJ Guffee, RM AF Kapernick, RJ Guffee, RM BE ElGenk, MS TI Thermal stress calculations for heatpipe-cooled reactor systems SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB A heatpipe-cooled fast reactor concept has been under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the past several years, to be used as a power source for nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) or as a planetary surface power system. The reactor core consists of an array of modules that are held together by a core lateral restraint system. Each module includes a single heatpipe surrounded by 3-6 clad fuel pins. As part of this development effort, a partial array of a candidate heatpipe-cooled, reactor is to be tested in the SAFE-100 experimental program at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The partial array comprises 19 3-pin modules, which are powered by resistance heaters. This paper describes the analyses that were performed in support of this test program, to assess thermal and structural performance and to specify the test conditions needed to simulate reactor operating conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kapernick, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 457 EP 465 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400056 ER PT S AU Williams, RB AF Williams, RB BE ElGenk, MS TI Concepts for a capillary-pumped heat engine SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc ID EVAPORATION; MENISCUS AB A scoping thermal analysis was done to generally investigate the thermal-hydraulic feasibility of capillary pumped heat engines. The analysis was motivated by recent advances in nano-scale materials science that have made it increasingly practical to manufacture high porosity wicks with a median pore diameter on the order of a few nanometers. Capillary pumped heat engines (CPHE) are proposed to operate constructively like a Rankine cycle and to be generally feasible for wick evaporation rates equivalent to about 1 watt per square centimeter assuming wick material thermal conductivity coefficient on the order of a few W/m-K. Novel architecture for a radioisotope driven CPHE is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400073 ER PT S AU Bevard, BB Yoder, GL AF Bevard, BB Yoder, GL BE ElGenk, MS TI Technology development program for an advanced potassium Rankine power conversion system compatible with several space reactor designs SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB The major goal of space reactor power system designers is to increase the specific power (kWe/kg) of the overall reactor power system. During the early days of the U.S. space power program, Rankine cycle power conversion technology was vigorously pursued as an approach for achieving extremely favorable specific powers - particularly for system power levels on the order of 100 kWe and larger. As a-result, liquid-metal Rankine cycle power conversion technology is relatively mature (compared to other dynamic power conversion technologies), with in-space flight demonstration being the principal remaining impediment to its near-term application. The unique technology issue associated with a space-based Rankine system is the control and management of two-phase liquids. While many aspects of two-phase management have been demonstrated for short periods of time in zero-gravity with water and organic working fluids, the, demonstration of liquid-metal two-phase systems in space remains the fundamental obstacle to its use. ORNL was recently awarded a contract with NASA-to design a small-scale flight demonstration program to demonstrate Rankine cycle two-phase fluid management in space. An initial goal of this work is to demonstrate two-phase interface control by means of an early program space flight demonstration, with a simplified system employing surrogate materials (such as Plexiglas and Freon). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Bevard, BB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Bevard, Bruce/0000-0002-0272-186X NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 629 EP 634 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400078 ER PT S AU Backhaus, S AF Backhaus, S BE ElGenk, MS TI Initial tests of a thermoacoustic space power engine SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB Future NASA deep-space missions will require radioisotope-powered electric generators that are just as reliable as current-RTGs, but more efficient and of higher specific power (W/kg). Thermoacoustic engines at the similar to1kW scale have converted high-temperature heat into, acoustic, or PV, power without moving parts at 30% efficiency. Consisting of only tubes and a few heat exchangers, thernibacoustic engines are low mass and promise to be highly reliable. Coupling a thermoacoustic engine to a low mass, highly reliable and efficient linear alternator will create a heat-driven electric generator suitable for deep-space applications. Conversion efficiency data will be presented on a demonstration thermoacoustic engine designed for the 100-Watt power range. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Backhaus, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 641 EP 647 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400080 ER PT S AU Poston, DI AF Poston, DI BE ElGenk, MS TI A 100-kWt NaK-Cooled space reactor concept for an early-flight mission SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB A stainless-steel (SS) sodium-potassium (NaK) cooled reactor could potentially be the first step in utilizing fission technology in space. The sum of all system-level experience for liquid-metal-cooled space reactors has been with NaK, including the SNAP-10a, the only reactor ever launched by the US. This paper describes a 100-kWt NaK reactor, the NaK-100, which is designed to be developed with minimal technical risk. In additional to NaK technology heritage, the NaK-100 uses a proven fuel-form (SS/UO2) and is designed for simplified system integration and testing. The pins are placed within a solid SS prism, and the NaK flows in an annulus between the pins and the prism. The nuclear and thermal-hydraulic performance of the NaK-100 is presented, as well as the major differences between the NaK-100 and SNAP-10a. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 774 EP 779 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400096 ER PT S AU Poston, DI AF Poston, DI BE ElGenk, MS TI The impact of mission performance requirements on the development of an early-flight space fission reactor SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB One of the lessons learned from past space fission reactor programs is that a small first step should be taken to successfully deploy a space fission system. The "size" of the first step is primarily determined by the mission performance requirements, most importantly power, lifetime, and mass. This paper discusses the benefits of keeping these requirements as simple as possible. Several issues are presented that demonstrate how lower-power, shorter-lifetime, and higher-mass requirements can significantly decrease development risk for a fission system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 780 EP 783 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400097 ER PT S AU Howe, SD Travis, B Zerkle, DK AF Howe, SD Travis, B Zerkle, DK BE ElGenk, MS TI SAFE testing nuclear-rockets economically SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2003 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003) CY FEB 02-05, 2003 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Amer Nucl Soc AB Several studies over the past few decades have recognized the need for advanced propulsion to explore the solar system. As early as the 1960s, Werner Von Braun and others recognized the need for a nuclear rocket for sending humans to Mars. The great distances, the intense radiation levels, and the physiological response to zero- 4 gravity all supported the concept of using a nuclear rocket to decrease mission time. These same needs have been recognized in later, studies, especially in the Space Exploration Initiative in 1989. One of the key. questions that has arisen in later studies, however, is the ability to test a nuclear rocket engine in the-current societal environment. Unlike the Rover/NERVA programs in the 1960s, the rocket exhaust can no longer be vented to the open atmosphere. As a consequence, previous studies have examined the feasibility of building a large-scale version of the Nuclear Furnace Scrubber that was demonstrated in 1971. We have investigated an alternative that would deposit the rocket exhaust along with any,entrained fission products directly into the ground. The Subsurface Active Filtering of Exhaust, or SAFE, concept would allow variable sized engines to be tested for long times at a modest expense. A system overview, results of preliminary calculations, and cost estimates of proof of concept demonstrations are presented. The results indicate that a nuclear rocket could be tested at the Nevada Test Site for under $20 M. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Howe, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-H845, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0114-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 654 BP 805 EP 813 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BW22Z UT WOS:000181267400101 ER PT S AU Farrugia, CJ Jordanova, VK Freeman, MP Cocheci, CC Arnoldy, RL Engebretson, M Stauning, P Rostoker, G Thomsen, MF Reeves, G Yumoto, K AF Farrugia, CJ Jordanova, VK Freeman, MP Cocheci, CC Arnoldy, RL Engebretson, M Stauning, P Rostoker, G Thomsen, MF Reeves, G Yumoto, K BE Onsager, TG FullerRowell, TJ Kamide, Y Shea, MA Thompson, R TI Large-scale geomagnetic effects of May 4, 1998 SO SPACE WEATHER 2000 SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PSW1/C0 1/D0 5/E2 5/F2 0 Symposium of the COSPAR Scientific Panel on Space Weather held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Int Space Environm Serv, Int Union Geodesy & Geophy, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Int Union Radio Sci, NOAA, Comm Space Res ID RING CURRENT; STORMS; AURORA; ENERGY; EARTH AB We study large-scale magnetospheric disturbances elicited by the! May 4, 1998 high speed stream by modeling the Dst and studying records from 4 meridional. magnetometer chains covering key local time sectors. The quasi-sequential episodes of B-z << 0 and high dynamic pressure (10-50 nPa) allow a clean separation of their respective geoeffects. Ring current evolution is followed by the kinetic model of Jordanova et al. (1998), which includes both charge exchange and Coulomb collisions of ring current ions H+, He+ and 0(+) drifting in a Volland-Stern convection electric field. The overall agreement with the temporal variation of the Dst is very good, but the strength of the great storm (min Dst = -280 nT) with its rapid main phase is not reproduced fully. A very asymmetric ring current forms near minimum Dst with maximum energy density located at dusk for all ion species. The data show evidence of (a) a great geomagnetic storm; (b) large enhancements of magnetopause currents; (c) substorm onsets, some of which were triggered; (d) a convection reversal boundary at relatively low latitudes (60-65degrees); and (e) what might be omega bands at morning local times associated with substorm recovery. An unprecedented measurement at Halley Bay station of an approximately 10% change in the ambient magnetic field strength is related to a sharp 5-fold increase in the dynamic pressure and to a large (similar to50 nT) variation in IMF B-z. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN USA. Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Farrugia, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1111 EP 1116 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00890-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX17T UT WOS:000184540400046 ER PT S AU Pennycook, SJ Lupini, AR Varela, M Borisevich, A Chisholm, MF Abe, E Dellby, N Krivanek, OL Nellist, PD Wang, LG Buczko, R Fan, X Pantelides, ST AF Pennycook, SJ Lupini, AR Varela, M Borisevich, A Chisholm, MF Abe, E Dellby, N Krivanek, OL Nellist, PD Wang, LG Buczko, R Fan, X Pantelides, ST BE Piqueras, J Zypman, FR Bonnell, DA Shreve, AP TI Nanoscale structure/property correlation through aberration-corrected stem and theory SO SPATIALLY RESOLVED CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Spatially Resolved Characterization of Local Phenomena in Materials and Nanostructures CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CORE STRUCTURES; RESOLUTION; ATOMS; SRTIO3 C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-675-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 738 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW61F UT WOS:000182563800001 ER PT S AU Yarotski, D Taylor, AJ AF Yarotski, D Taylor, AJ BE Piqueras, J Zypman, FR Bonnell, DA Shreve, AP TI High spatial resolution ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy SO SPATIALLY RESOLVED CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Spatially Resolved Characterization of Local Phenomena in Materials and Nanostructures CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; LASER-DIODES; RELAXATION; TIP; GENERATION; PROBE AB We demonstrate ultrafast dynamical imaging of surfaces using a scanning tunneling microscope with a low-temperature-grown GaAs tip photoexcited by 100-fs, 800-nm pulses. We detect picosecond transients on a coplanar stripline and demonstrate a temporal resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 1.7 ps. By dynamically imaging the stripline, we demonstrate that the local conductivity in the sample is reflected in the transient correlated current and that 20-nm spatial resolution is achievable for a 2 ps transient, correlated signal. We apply this technique of photoconductively-gated ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy to study carrier dynamics in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot samples at T=300 K. The initial carrier relaxation proceeds via Auger carrier capture from the InAs wetting layer (WL) on a timescale of 1-2 ps, followed by recombination of carriers on a 900 ps timescale. Finally, we demonstrate junction-mixing ultrafast STM (JM-USTM) using picosecond voltage pulses propagating on a patterned metal-on-metal (Ti/Pt). Using JM-USTM we have achieved a spatio/temporal resolution of 1 nm/8 ps. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yarotski, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Yarotski, Dmitry/G-4568-2010 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-675-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 738 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW61F UT WOS:000182563800019 ER PT S AU Wang, CM Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V Cavanagh, A Walton, J Jiang, W Weber, WJ Thomas, LE Wang, LM Lian, J AF Wang, CM Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V Cavanagh, A Walton, J Jiang, W Weber, WJ Thomas, LE Wang, LM Lian, J BE Piqueras, J Zypman, FR Bonnell, DA Shreve, AP TI Microstructure of precipitated an nanoclusters in single crystal MgO SO SPATIALLY RESOLVED CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Spatially Resolved Characterization of Local Phenomena in Materials and Nanostructures CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ION-IMPLANTATION; GOLD AB Gold nanoclusters dispersed in single crystal MgO were prepared by ion implantation and subsequent annealing at 1000 degreesC. The morphological feature, size, crystallographic orientation of the Au nanoclusters with respect to the MgO matrix, and the interface structure between the Au nanoclusters: and MgO were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. During annealing, the Au clusters nucleate coherently in the MgO lattice, leading to an epitaxial orientation relationship of [010](MgO)// [010](Au) and (20)(MgO)//(200)(Au) that is maintained for all the Au clusters. A critical size for the coherent-semicoherent interface transition is observed to be in the range from similar to5 to 8 nm for Au clusters in MgO. An clusters larger than this critical size exhibit faceting on the {001} planes. The precipitated Au also exhibits internal dislocations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-675-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 738 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW61F UT WOS:000182563800046 ER PT S AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Tamura, N Patel, JR Valek, BC Bravman, JC Spolenak, R AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Tamura, N Patel, JR Valek, BC Bravman, JC Spolenak, R BE Piqueras, J Zypman, FR Bonnell, DA Shreve, AP TI Spatially resolved characterization of electromigration-induced plastic deformation in AL(0.5WT% CU) interconnect SO SPATIALLY RESOLVED CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Spatially Resolved Characterization of Local Phenomena in Materials and Nanostructures CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MICROBEAM DIFFRACTION; METAL LINES; STRAIN; RESOLUTION; TEXTURE; STRESS; FILMS; WIRES AB Electromigration during accelerated testing can induce early stage plastic deformation in Al interconnect lines as recently revealed by the white beam scanning X-ray microdiffraction. In the present paper, we provide a first quantitative analysis of the dislocation structure generated in individual micron-sized Al grains during an in-situ electromigration experiment. Laue reflections from individual interconnect grains show pronounced streaking after electric current flow. We demonstrate that the evolution of the dislocation structure during electromigration is highly inhomogeneous and results in the formation of unpaired randomly distributed dislocations as well as geometrically necessary dislocation boundaries. Approximately half of all impaired dislocations are grouped within the walls. The misorientation created by each boundary and density of impaired individual dislocations is determined. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-675-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 738 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW61F UT WOS:000182563800052 ER PT S AU Wolfe, J Sanders, D Bryan, S Thomas, N AF Wolfe, J Sanders, D Bryan, S Thomas, N BE AtadEttedgui, E DOdorico, S TI Deposition of durable wide-band silver mirror coatings using longthrow, low-pressure, DC-pulsed magnetron sputtering SO SPECIALIZED OPTICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Specialized Optical Developments in Astronomy CY AUG 25-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE long throw sputter deposition; dc pulsed sputtering; low pressure; durable silver mirrors AB Sputter deposition at long-throw distances (15-30 in.) and low pressures (<1mTorr) were developed mainly for the semiconductor industry to deposit metals and dielectrics into trenches or vias on silicon and gallium arsenide wafers. Scientists found that sputter depositions performed at pressures below 1mTorr (0.13 Pa) results in a virtually collision-free trajectory of the sputtered atoms from the target to the substrate. If the throw distance (source to substrate) is increased at these low pressures, the activated (ionized) gas and target atoms maintain their energy. We used this methodology along with dc-pulsed sputtering to deliver additional energy at the substrate. This allowed us to coat large optics (>21-in. diameter) in a standard box coater using smaller-diameter sputter cathodes. This paper will discuss the process used to successfully coat a 22-in.-diameter optic for the Keck Telescope in Hawaii with a new Wide-Band Durable Silver Mirror. The process uses smaller-diameter sputter cathodes in a 4-ft.-x-4-ft.-x-5-ft. box coater. We will also discuss how the process can be scaled to 36-in. or larger optics for use on terrestrial or space-based platforms. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wolfe, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4621-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4842 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1117/12.458075 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW38Z UT WOS:000181846900035 ER PT S AU Wurtz, R Wishnow, EH Blais-Ouellette, S Cook, KH Holden, BP Carr, DJ Stubbs, CW AF Wurtz, R Wishnow, EH Blais-Ouellette, S Cook, KH Holden, BP Carr, DJ Stubbs, CW BE AtadEttedgui, E DOdorico, S TI Gallery of datacubes obtained with the Livermore imaging Fourier transform spectrometer SO SPECIALIZED OPTICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Specialized Optical Developments in Astronomy CY AUG 25-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE imaging spectroscopy; multi-object spectroscopy; Fourier transform spectroscopy AB We have acquired spatial-spectral datacubes of astronomical objects using the Livermore visible-band imaging Fourier transform spectrometer at Apache Point Observatory. Each raw datacube contains hundreds of thousands of spectral interferograms. We present in-progress demonstrations of these observations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wurtz, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4621-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4842 BP 352 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.458083 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW38Z UT WOS:000181846900036 ER PT S AU Haaland, DM Timlin, JA Sinclair, MB Van Benthem, MH Martinez, MJ Aragon, AD Werner-Washburne, M AF Haaland, DM Timlin, JA Sinclair, MB Van Benthem, MH Martinez, MJ Aragon, AD Werner-Washburne, M BE Levenson, RM Bearman, GH MahadevanJansen, A TI Multivariate curve resolution for hyperspectral image analysis: Applications to microarray technology SO SPECTRAL IMAGING: INSTRUMENTATION, APPLICATIONS, AND ANALYSIS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spectral Imaging - Instrumentation, Applications and Analysis II CY JAN 26, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral image analysis; multivariate curve resolution; MCR; microarray analysis; fluorescence imaging ID GENE-EXPRESSION; SPECTROSCOPIC TITRATIONS; CANCER AB Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) using constrained alternating least squares algorithms represents a powerful analysis capability for the quantitative analysis of hyperspectral image data. We will demonstrate the application of MCR using data from a new hyperspectral fluorescence imaging microarray scanner for monitoring gene expression in cells from thousands of genes on the array. The new scanner collects the entire fluorescence spectrum from each pixel of the scanned microarray. Application of MCR With nonnegativity and equality constraints reveals several sources of undesired fluorescence that emit in the same wavelength range as the reporter fluorophores. MCR analysis of the hyperspectral images confirms that one of the sources of fluorescence is due to contaminant fluorescence under the printed DNA spots that is spot localized. Thus, traditional background subtraction methods used with data collected from the current commercial microarray scanners will lead to errors in determining the relative expression of low-expressed genes. With the new scanner and MCR analysis, we generate relative concentration maps of the background, impurity, and fluorescent labels over the entire image. Since the concentration maps of the fluorescent labels are relatively unaffected by the presence of background and impurity emissions, the accuracy and useful dynamic range of the gene expression data are both greatly improved over those obtained by commercial microarray scanners. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haaland, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4759-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4959 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1117/12.477945 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX33F UT WOS:000184965700007 ER PT J AU Schoonover, JR Dattelbaum, DM Osborn, JC Bridgewater, JS Kenney, JW AF Schoonover, JR Dattelbaum, DM Osborn, JC Bridgewater, JS Kenney, JW TI Pressure-dependent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of a poly(ester urethane) SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE FTIR; poly (ester urethane); diamond anvil cell; pressure ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; FT-IR AB The effects of hydrostatic pressure upon (1) a segmented poly (ester urethane), (2) a hydrolytically degraded sample of the same polymer, and (3) models for the polyurethane and polyester segments in this polymer have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using high-pressure diamond anvil cells (DACs). The pressure responses of the vibrational frequencies of specific functional groups of the poly (ester urethane) in the 0-100-kbar range are compared with data for individual segment models and the partially degraded sample. The results indicated that the polymer is highly stable in this pressure regime, with no measurable degradation or phase changes. Differences in the pressure dependency of specific infrared bands between the poly (ester urethane) sample and the partially degraded sample are slight and consistent with changes in hydrogen-bonding interactions and shorter chain lengths in the degraded sample. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Concordia Univ, Div Nat Sci, Chem Phys Lab, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RP Schoonover, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Mail Stop E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 2 BP 309 EP 319 AR PII S1386-1425(02)00173-7 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(02)00173-7 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 626PY UT WOS:000179882900013 PM 12685905 ER PT J AU Barrea, RA Perez, CA Sanchez, HJ AF Barrea, RA Perez, CA Sanchez, HJ TI Determination of L-subshell Coster-Kronig and fluorescence yields of lanthanum and praseodymium by synchrotron radiation photoionization SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE selective photoionization; subshells; Coster-Kronig coefficients; fluorescence ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; AUGER YIELDS; ELEMENTS; SHELL; SM-62 AB The method of selective photoionization of individual subshells by monochromatized synchrotron radiation has been employed to measure independently all Coster-Kronig and fluorescence yields of the La and Pr L subshells. The energy of the primary radiation was set at approximately 50 energy points in the range of the L edges. At each setting, the induced L fluorescence radiation was recorded by a Si(Li) detector. A foil of Ti was used for normalization purposes and the Ti K fluorescence lines were also recorded with the same solid state detector. Fitting the measured fluorescence intensities vs. primary energy with the photoelectric cross-sections derived the Coster-Kronig coefficients and fluorescence yields. The obtained yields were compared with tabulated data and a good agreement among them was found. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Matemat Astron & Fis, RA-5010 Cordoba, Argentina. IIT, Biophys Collaborat Access Team, Dept Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. LNLS, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Barrea, RA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Matemat Astron & Fis, Ciudad Univ, RA-5010 Cordoba, Argentina. RI Perez, Carlos/F-9949-2013 OI Perez, Carlos/0000-0003-4284-3148 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 AR PII S0584-8547(02)00230-6 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00230-6 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 641RU UT WOS:000180760400006 ER PT J AU Holman, HYN Martin, MC McKinney, WR AF Holman, HYN Martin, MC McKinney, WR TI Tracking chemical changes in a live cell: Biomedical applications of SR-FTIR spectromicroscopy SO SPECTROSCOPY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Biomedical Spectroscopy CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL CARDIFF, WALES ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; DNA-ADDUCTS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; FOUNDRY WORKERS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy is a newly emerging bioanalytical and imaging tool. This unique technique provides mid-infrared (IR) spectra, hence chemical information, with high signal-to-noise at spatial resolutions as fine as 3 to 10 microns. Thus it enables researchers to locate, identify, and track specific chemical events within an individual living mammalian cell. Mid-IR photons are too low in energy (0.05-0.5 eV) to either break bonds or to cause ionization. In this review, we show that the synchrotron IR beam has no detectable effects on the short- and long-term viability, reproductive integrity, cell-cycle progression, and mitochondrial metabolism in living human cells, and produces only minimal sample heating (<0.5degreesC). We will then present several examples demonstrating the application potentials of SR-FTIR spectromicroscopy in biomedical research. These will include monitoring living cells progressing through the cell cycle, including death, and cells reacting to dilute concentrations of toxins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HYHolman@lbl.gov RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014; Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139; Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 89 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0712-4813 J9 SPECTROSC-INT J JI Spectr.-Int. J. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 159 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 665MB UT WOS:000182123800005 ER PT S AU Bland, LC AF Bland, LC BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Spin physics at RHIC SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID ASYMMETRIES AB The physics goals that will be addressed by colliding polarized protons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are described. The RHIC spin program provides a new generation of experiments that will unfold the quark, anti-quark and gluon contributions to the proton's spin. In addition to these longer term goals, this paper describes what was learned from the first polarized proton collisions at roots = 200 GeV. These collisions took place in a five-week run during the second year of RHIC operation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bland, LC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bland@bnl.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 98 EP 111 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000012 ER PT S AU Huang, HX AF Huang, HX BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Acceleration of polarized protons at RHIC SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) ended its second year of operation in January 2002 with five weeks of polarized proton collisions. Polarized protons were successfully injected in both RHIC rings and maintained polarization during acceleration up to 100 GeV per ring using two Siberian snakes in each ring. This is the first time that polarized protons have been accelerated to 100 GeV. The machine performance and accomplishments during the polarized proton run will be reviewed. The plans for the next polarized proton run will be outlined. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, HX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 122 EP 131 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000014 ER PT S AU Orginos, K AF Orginos, K BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Spin on the lattice SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID DOMAIN-WALL FERMIONS; NUCLEON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; SINGLET PARTON DENSITIES; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; TWIST-2 OPERATORS; CHIRAL FERMIONS; FIRST MOMENT; GAUGE ACTION AB I review the current status of hadronic structure computations on the lattice. I describe the basic lattice techniques and difficulties and present some of the latest lattice results; in particular recent results of the RBC group using domain wall fermions are also discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kostas@bnl.gov NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 166 EP 175 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000018 ER PT S AU Mischke, RE AF Mischke, RE CA EDM Collaboration BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Neutron electric dipole moment SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID SEARCH AB The status of experiments to measure the electric dipole moment of the neutron is presented and the planned experiment at Los Alamos is described. The goal of this experiment is an improvement in sensitivity of a factor of 50 to 100 over the current limit. It has the potential to reveal new sources of T and CP violation and to challenge calculations that propose extensions to the Standard Model. The experiment employs several advances in technique to reach its goals and the feasibility of meeting these-technical challenges is currently under study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mischke, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 246 EP 250 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000027 ER PT S AU Keppel, CE AF Keppel, CE BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Recent measurements of longitudinal and transverse unpolarized structure functions, and their impact on spin asymmetry measurements SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID CROSS-SECTIONS; DUALITY AB New measurements are presented of the separated longitudinal and transverse proton structure functions in the nucleon resonance region (1 < W-2 < 4 GeV2), spanning the fourmomentum transfer range 0.2 < Q(2) < 4.0 (GeV/c)(2). The results are from Jefferson Lab experiment E94-110, which measured unpolarized inclusive electron-proton cross sections in Hall C for the purpose of performing Rosenbluth-type separations. Results of the analysis of the data are presented, as well as a discussion of their non-trivial relevance to spin asymmetry measurements. C1 Hampton Univ, Jefferson Lab, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Keppel, CE (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Jefferson Lab, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 294 EP 298 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000036 ER PT S AU Surrow, B AF Surrow, B CA STAR Collaboration BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Prospects on constraining Lambda G from inclusive jet production in polarized pp collisions at RHIC in 2003 SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB The anticipated increase in luminosity and polarization for the RHIC spin run in 2003 together with the installation of spin rotators at the STAR interaction region will allow the first measurement of A(LL) in inclusive jet production at roots = 200GeV. This data should provide hints of the gluon polarization, DeltaG/G, of the proton. In the long-term, the determination of the gluon polarization of the proton will be made through prompt-photon production and photon-jet coincidences. Other possibilities include di-jet production and heavy flavor production. The measurement of A(LL), the expected event rates, and simulation results based on the anticipated RHIC performance in 2003 will be described together with a discussion of various systematic error sources. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Surrow, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 318 EP 322 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000041 ER PT S AU Ogawa, A AF Ogawa, A CA STAR Collaboration BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI STAR forward pi(0) detector upgrade SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; DISTRIBUTIONS; FRAGMENTATION; NUCLEON AB Forward rapidity in hadron-hadron collisions is an interesting place to look because one can access high x quarks, which may be highly polarized, and also low x gluons. The STAR experiment at RHIC had a prototype Forward pi(0) Detector (FPD) composed of electromagnetic calorimeters in the forward region during the January 2002 run with the first polarized proton-proton collisions. In this paper, I will discuss some aspects of the data, such as the correlation measurement between the FPD, and mid-rapidity detectors and measurements in the negative x(F) region. These data may provide clues to the origin of the single spin asymmetries A(N) which were measured at FNAL-E704 [1]. At the end, I will discuss the plan for the FPD upgrade for next RHIC run. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ogawa, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM akio@bnl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000058 ER PT S AU Fox, B AF Fox, B CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Neutral pion measurements from PHENIX in polarized proton collisions at RHIC SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; DISTRIBUTIONS; FRAGMENTATION; ASYMMETRIES; SCATTERING AB This report presents the preliminary result for the absolute neutral pion (pidegrees) production cross section at roots = 200 GeV for \eta\ < 0.50 which was obtained from the proton-proton data collected by the PHENIX experiment in January, 2002 as a part of Run02 at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We compare this result to the prediction of a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculation and find good agreement. Since the beams were transversely polarized, these data will be used to measure the single-spin transverse asymmetry (A(N)). So, we also discuss the statistical precision for such a measurement. In future runs, the gluon polarization (DeltaG/G) will be probed by measuring double-spin longitudinal asymmetries (A(LL)). We present an estimate for the statistical precision which is expected for the neutral pion measurement in the upcoming run and compare it to predictions from pQCD calculations using different polarized gluon densities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fox, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000059 ER PT S AU Avakian, H AF Avakian, H BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Single-spin asymmetries at CLAS SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; STATE INTERACTIONS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; LEPTOPRODUCTION; FRAGMENTATION AB Significant single-spin azimuthal asymmetries have been observed in semi-inclusive pion production in the deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) of longitudinally polarized electrons off unpolarized hydrogen and polarized NH3 targets at CLAS detector at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). Issues related to the separation of current fragmentation, and the factorization of dependencies on x-Bjorken and the fractional energy z, at lowest beam energies where the DIS region is accessible, are also discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Avakian, H (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 434 EP 438 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000063 ER PT S AU Ogawa, A AF Ogawa, A CA STAR Collaboration BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Spin physics at STAR SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLARIZED PROTONS; ASYMMETRIES; NUCLEON; DISTRIBUTIONS; VALENCE; SUM AB The question of how the spin degrees of freedom in the nucleon are organized has still not been fully answered even after recent polarized deep inelastic scattering experiments. Studying polarized proton-proton collisions will add new and unique information to improve our understanding of the spin structure of the nucleon. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) successfully accelerated and collided polarized proton beams in the beginning of 2002. STAR is one of the two large detectors at RHIC STAR has been taking heavy ion collision data since 2000 and will have excellent capability for spin physics as well. In this paper, an overview of the STAR spin program is given, covering a wide range of physics topics including determination of gluon polarization, flavor separation of quark polarizations, and quark transversity. Some details about the STAR detector, including future upgrade plans, are presented. Results from the 2002 run with transversely polarized protons are summarized. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ogawa, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 504 EP 508 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000077 ER PT S AU Bultmann, S AF Bultmann, S CA PP2PP Collaboration BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Elastic polarized proton scattering at RHIC SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID PP AB The PP2PP Collaboration is investigating the elastic scattering process of polarized protons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The center of mass energy, roots, and squared four-momentum transfer, -t, accessible to the experiment are 50 GeV < roots < 500 GeV and 4 . 10(-4) GeV2/c(2) < \t\ < 1.3 GeV2/c(2). During the 2002 polarized proton run about 3 . 10(5) elastic events were collected in a 14 hour engineering run at a center of mass energy of roots = 200 GeV, covering 0.005 GeV2/c(2) <\t\ < 0.030 GeV2/c(2). The experiment and its motivation is outlined and first results from the engineering run are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bultmann, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 528 EP 532 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000081 ER PT S AU Bazilevsky, A Bland, L Bogdanov, A Bunce, G Deshpande, A En'yo, H Fox, B Fukao, Y Goto, Y Haggerty, J Imai, K Lenz, W von Lintig, D Liu, M Makdisi, Y Muto, R Nurushev, S Pascuzzi, E Purschke, ML Saito, N Sakuma, F Stoll, S Tanida, K Togawa, M Tojo, J Watanabe, Y Woody, C AF Bazilevsky, A Bland, L Bogdanov, A Bunce, G Deshpande, A En'yo, H Fox, B Fukao, Y Goto, Y Haggerty, J Imai, K Lenz, W von Lintig, D Liu, M Makdisi, Y Muto, R Nurushev, S Pascuzzi, E Purschke, ML Saito, N Sakuma, F Stoll, S Tanida, K Togawa, M Tojo, J Watanabe, Y Woody, C BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Measurement of single transverse-spin asymmetry in forward production of photons and neutrons in pp collisions at root s=200 GeV SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID PION-PRODUCTION; POLARIZED ANTIPROTONS; QCD AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) was commissioned for polarized proton-proton collisions at the center of mass energy roots = 200 GeV during the run in 2001-2002. We have measured the single transverse-spin asymmetry A(N) for production of photons, neutral pions, and neutrons at the very forward angle. The asymmetries for the photon and neutral pion sample were consistent with zero within the experimental uncertainties. In contrast, the neutron sample exhibited an unexpectedly large asymmetry. This large asymmetry:will be used for the non-destructive polarimeter for polarized proton beams at the collision points in the RHIC interaction region. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bazilevsky, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 584 EP 588 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000092 ER PT S AU Reitz, B AF Reitz, B BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Measuring G(E)(n) at high momentum transfers SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID ELECTRIC FORM-FACTOR; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; HIGH-ENERGY; NEUTRON; SCATTERING; (GEV/C)(2); E'N)P AB Experiment E02-013 at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility will extend the measured range of the neutron electric form factor G(E)(n) to Q(2)=3.4 (GeV/c)(2) through a measurement of the cross section asymmetry in the reaction (3)(H) over right arrowe((e) over right arrow ,e'n). Recent theoretical investigations, motivated by the results on the ratio of the proton electric and magnetic form factor, predict higher values of G(E)(n) compared to older predictions. The experiment utilizes a polarized He-3 target and the polarized CEBAF electron beam. Scattered electrons will be detected in the BigBite spectrometer, recoiling neutrons in an array of scintillators. The experimental and theoretical developments needed to perform the measurement and to extract G(E)(n) from He-3 will be described. Concepts of extending the measurement of G(E)(n) to even higher momentum transfers will be discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Reitz, B (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 634 EP 638 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000102 ER PT S AU Hoblit, S Ardashev, K Bade, C Blecher, M Cacace, C Caracappa, A Cichocki, A Commeaux, C d'Angelo, A Deininger, R Didelez, JP Gibson, C Hicks, K Honig, A Kageya, T Khandaker, M Kistner, O Lehmann, A Lincoln, F Lowry, M Lucas, M Mahon, J Meyer, H Miceli, L Morizzianni, D Norum, B Preedom, BM Saitoh, T Sandorfi, AM di Salvo, R Schaerf, C Thorn, C Wang, K Wei, X Whisnant, CS AF Hoblit, S Ardashev, K Bade, C Blecher, M Cacace, C Caracappa, A Cichocki, A Commeaux, C d'Angelo, A Deininger, R Didelez, JP Gibson, C Hicks, K Honig, A Kageya, T Khandaker, M Kistner, O Lehmann, A Lincoln, F Lowry, M Lucas, M Mahon, J Meyer, H Miceli, L Morizzianni, D Norum, B Preedom, BM Saitoh, T Sandorfi, AM di Salvo, R Schaerf, C Thorn, C Wang, K Wei, X Whisnant, CS BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI First photo-pion double polarization experiments using polarized (H)over-right-arrow(D)over-right-arrow at LEGS SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB We report preliminary results of pi photo-production using polarized gamma beams and a polarized HD target. Four observables can be extracted simultaneously from the data, the cross section, the beam asymmetry Sigma, and the double-polarization observables G and E. The latter determines the GDH sum rule integral. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hoblit, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI D'Angelo, Annalisa/A-2439-2012 OI D'Angelo, Annalisa/0000-0003-3050-4907 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 651 EP 655 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000105 ER PT S AU Ptitsyn, V Luccio, AU Ranjbar, VH AF Ptitsyn, V Luccio, AU Ranjbar, VH BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI The analysis of depolarization factors in the last RHIC run SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB Polarized proton beams were accelerated succesfully at RHIC up to 100Gev with the use of Siberian Snakes. Although the snakes were designed to preserve polarization, the succesful acceleration and storage of polarized beams was dependent also on beam characteristics, like closed orbit, betatron tunes and even betatron coupling. The high-order spin resonances were observed and evaluated. The paper summarizes depolarizing effects observed during the run. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ptitsyn, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 746 EP 750 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000124 ER PT S AU Bai, A Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Ranjbar, V Roser, T AF Bai, A Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Ranjbar, V Roser, T BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI RHIC spin flipper commissioning SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB An ac dipole with horizontally oriented oscillating magnetic field (spin flipper) was installed in RHIC to reverse the spin direction in the presence of two full Siberian snakes, thereby reducing the systematic errors for the spin physics experiments in RHIC. With two full snakes, the spin vector completes one full precession around the vertical direction in two revolutions, and the spin depolarization resonances due to the machine imperfections and betatron oscillations are eliminated. Since the spin flipper provides an oscillating horizontal dipole field, a "spin resonance" can occur if the spin flipper frequency is placed in the neighborhood of the spin precession frequency [1, 2, 3], By slowly sweeping the spin flipper frequency across the spin precession frequency, a full spin flip can be achieved. This paper reports the results of the RHIC spin flipper commissioned during the RHIC 2002 polarized proton run. By running the spin flipper at a slightly different configuration, one can also measure the spin precession tune. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bai, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 771 EP 775 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000129 ER PT S AU Cameron, P Conte, M Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Palazzi, A Pusterla, M AF Cameron, P Conte, M Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Palazzi, A Pusterla, M BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI The relativistic stern-gerlach interaction as a tool for attaining the spin separation SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB The relativistic Stem-Gerlach interaction is here considered as a tool for obtaining the spin state separation of an unpolarized (anti)proton beam circulating in a ring. Drawbacks, such as spin precessions within the TE rf cavity, spurious kicks due to the transverse electric field and, worst of all, filamentation in the longitudinal phase plane are analyzed. Possible remedies are proposed and their feasibility is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cameron, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 781 EP 785 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000131 ER PT S AU Cameron, P Conte, M Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Palazzi, M Pusterla, M AF Cameron, P Conte, M Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Palazzi, M Pusterla, M BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI The relativistic stern-gerlach interaction and quantum mechanics implications SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB The time varying relativistic Stem-Gerlach force, which acts over a charged particle endowed with a magnetic moment, is deduced from the Dirac Hamiltonian finding its coincidence with the classical expression. Possible drawbacks related to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cameron, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 786 EP 790 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000132 ER PT S AU Huang, H Ahrens, L Bai, M Brown, KA Glenn, JW Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Montag, C Ptitsyn, V Ranjbar, V Roser, T Spinka, H Tsoupas, N Underwood, DG Zeno, K AF Huang, H Ahrens, L Bai, M Brown, KA Glenn, JW Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Montag, C Ptitsyn, V Ranjbar, V Roser, T Spinka, H Tsoupas, N Underwood, DG Zeno, K BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Preserving polarization through an intrinsic depolarizing resonance with a partial snake at the AGS SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB An 11.4% partial Siberian snake was used to successfully accelerate polarized protons through a strong intrinsic depolarizing spin resonance in the AGS. No noticeable depolarization was observed. This opens up the possibility of using a 20% partial Siberian snake in the AGS to overcome all weak and strong spin resonances. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 794 EP 798 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000134 ER PT S AU Courant, ED AF Courant, ED BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Matching quadrupoles for AGS helical snake SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Courant, ED (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 799 EP 803 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000135 ER PT S AU Spinka, H AF Spinka, H BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Proton beam polarimetry at BNL SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB A brief overview is presented of the beam polarimeters in the LINAC - Booster - AGS - RHIC complex at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Absolute calibrations, performance, and outstanding issues for these polarimeters, as well as their interactions with the operations of the accelerators, are discussed. The role of systematic effects in the polarimeter data is emphasized. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Spinka, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 807 EP 811 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000136 ER PT S AU Bravar, A AF Bravar, A BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI The absolute polarimeter for RHIC SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PROTON AB A polarimeter to measure the absolute polarization of the RHIC proton beams using an internal polarized hydrogen gas jet target is being built at BNL. The chosen polarimetric process is elastic pp scattering at very low momentum transfer in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference region. In this talk I'll discuss the beam polarization measurement and the attainable precisions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bravar, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 830 EP 835 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000140 ER PT S AU Caracappa, A Thorn, C AF Caracappa, A Thorn, C BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Target polarization measurements with a crossed-coil NMR polarimeter SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB We have performed a complete electronic circuit analysis of the crossed coil NMR polarimeter (CC-meter), and from this analysis we have determined the optimum conditions for its operation. From this analysis, which is confirmed by NMR measurements on hydrogen, we conclude that the CC-meter can be operated to give a very high signal-to-noise ratio (SMR) for thermal equilibrium polarization while also producing a highly linear response for fully polarized targets. In general, a well-designed and properly constructed CC-meter can provide a larger SNR at similar non-linearity, compared to the more commonly used Q-meter. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Caracappa, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 867 EP 871 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000148 ER PT S AU Zelenski, A Alessi, J Briscoe, B Kponou, A Kokhanovski, S Klenov, V LoDestro, V Raparia, D Ritter, J Zubets, V AF Zelenski, A Alessi, J Briscoe, B Kponou, A Kokhanovski, S Klenov, V LoDestro, V Raparia, D Ritter, J Zubets, V BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Polarization optimization studies in the RHIC optically-pumped polarized H(-)ion source SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB The performance of the RHIC Optically-Pumped Polarized H- Ion Source (OPPIS) in 2000-2002 runs in AGS and RHIC is reviewed. The OPPIS met the RHIC requirements for beam intensity with the reliable delivery of about 500 muA polarized H- ion current in 400 As pulse duration (current can be increased to over 1.0 mA, if necessary). The beam intensity at 200 MeV was (5-6)(.)10(11) H-/pulse, which is sufficient to obtain the required 2(.)10(11) polarized protons per bunch in RHIC. The polarization dilution by molecular ions, which are produced in the ECR primary proton source is discussed. The molecular component can be reduced to about 5% by further ECR source-operation optimization. The molecular component is suppressed by optimization of the extraction electrode optics and by the decelerating einzel lens in the 35 keV LEBT line. As a result, the proton polarization of the accelerated beam was increased to over 80%, as measured in the 200 MeV proton-deuterium polarimeter. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zelenski, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 881 EP 886 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000151 ER PT S AU Zelenski, Z Alessi, J Bravar, A Bunce, G Chapman, MA Graham, D Haeberli, W Hseuh, H Klenov, V Kolster, H Kokhanovski, S Kponou, A Lodestro, V MacKay, W Mahler, G Makdisi, Y Meng, W Ritter, J Roser, T Stephenson, E Wise, T Zoubets, V AF Zelenski, Z Alessi, J Bravar, A Bunce, G Chapman, MA Graham, D Haeberli, W Hseuh, H Klenov, V Kolster, H Kokhanovski, S Kponou, A Lodestro, V MacKay, W Mahler, G Makdisi, Y Meng, W Ritter, J Roser, T Stephenson, E Wise, T Zoubets, V BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Polarized H- jet polarimeter for absolute proton polarization measurements in RHIC SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB Status of the H-jet polarimeter development is reviewed. A number of design issues are discussed including vacuum system, integration into the RHIC storage ring, scattering chamber, and uniform vertical holding field magnet design. The absolute proton polarization of the atomic hydrogen-jet target will be measured to 3% accuracy by a Breit- systematic error contribution to the jet-target polarization measurements is also discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zelenski, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 954 EP 960 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000166 ER PT S AU de Jager, K AF de Jager, K BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Research perspectives at Jefferson Lab: 12 GeV and beyond SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Spin Physics Symposium CY SEP 09-14, 2002 CL UPTON, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, US DOE, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Spin Phys Comm AB The plans for upgrading the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab to 12 GeV are presented. The research program supporting that upgrade are illustrated with a few selected examples. The instrumentation under design to carry out that research program is discussed. Finally, a conceptual design of a future upgrade which combines a 25 GeV fixed-target facility and an electron-ion collider facility at a luminosity of up to 10(35) cm(-2)s(-1) and a CM energy of over 40 GeV. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP de Jager, K (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 978 EP 982 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000170 ER PT S AU Luh, DA Brachmann, A Clendenin, JE Desikan, T Garwin, EL Harvey, S Kirby, RE Maruyama, T Prescott, CY Prepost, R AF Luh, DA Brachmann, A Clendenin, JE Desikan, T Garwin, EL Harvey, S Kirby, RE Maruyama, T Prescott, CY Prepost, R BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Recent polarized photocathode R&D at SLAC SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DANVERS, MA SP Int Spin Phys Comm, MIT Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr AB The SLAC high-gradient-doped MOCVD-grown GaAs cathode presently in use consists of a strained GaAs low-doped layer (with a small admixture of P) capped by a few nanometers of highly Zn-doped GaAs, which is heat-cleaned at relatively high temperature and then activated by Cs/NF3 co-deposition. The high-gradient-doped structure solves the problem of the surface charge limit that the previously-used SLAC cathodes had, and this preparation procedure has produced satisfactory results. However, the preparation procedure has a few weaknesses that prevent cathodes from achieving the ultimate desired performance. The peak polarization is limited to 80% due to strain relaxation in the relatively thick strained layers. Also dopant loss causes the surface charge limit effect to reappear after multiple high-temperature heat-cleanings. In this paper, we will discuss recent progress made at SLAC that addresses these limitations, including using the MBE growth technique with Be doping and using the superlattice structure. In addition, to reduce the heat-cleaning temperature, an atomic hydrogen cleaning technique is explored. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luh, DA (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 1029 EP 1033 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000180 ER PT S AU Clendenin, JE Kirby, R Luo, Y Newsham, D Yu, D AF Clendenin, JE Kirby, R Luo, Y Newsham, D Yu, D BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Polarized electrons using the PWT RF gun SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DANVERS, MA SP Int Spin Phys Comm, MIT Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr AB Future colliders that require low-emittance highly-polarized electron beams are the main motivation for developing a polarized rf gun. However there are both technical and physics issues in generating highly polarized electron beams using rf guns that remain to be resolved. The PWT design offers promising features that may facilitate solutions to technical problems such as field emission and poor vacuum. Physics issues such as emission time now seem to be satisfactorily resolved. Other issues, such as the effect of magnetic fields at the cathode-both those associated with the rf field and those imposed by schemes to produce flat beams-are still open questions. Potential solution of remaining problems will be discussed in the context of the PWT design. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Clendenin, JE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM clen@slac.stanford.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 1037 EP 1041 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000182 ER PT S AU Clendenin, JE Brachmann, A Galetto, T Luh, DA Maruyama, T Sodja, J Turner, JL AF Clendenin, JE Brachmann, A Galetto, T Luh, DA Maruyama, T Sodja, J Turner, JL BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI The SLAC polarized electron source SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DANVERS, MA SP Int Spin Phys Comm, MIT Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr AB The SLAC PES, developed in the early 1990s for the SLC, has been in continuous use since 1992, during which time it has undergone numerous upgrades. The upgrades include improved cathodes with their matching laser systems, modified activation techniques and better diagnostics. The source itself and its performance with these upgrades will be described with special attention given to recent high-intensity long-pulse operation for the E-158 fixed-target parity-violating experiment. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Clendenin, JE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 1042 EP 1046 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000183 ER PT S AU Grames, J Adderley, P Baylac, M Clark, J Day, A Hansknecht, J Poelker, M Stutzman, M AF Grames, J Adderley, P Baylac, M Clark, J Day, A Hansknecht, J Poelker, M Stutzman, M BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Status of the Jefferson Lab polarized beam physics program and preparations for upcoming parity experiments SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DANVERS, MA SP Int Spin Phys Comm, MIT Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr AB An ambitious nuclear physics research program continues at Jefferson Lab with Users at three experiment halls receiving reliable, highly polarized electrons at currents to 100 muA. The polarized photoguns and drive lasers that contribute to Jefferson Lab's success will be described as well as significant events since PES2000. Typical of conditions at accelerators worldwide, success brings new challenges. Beam quality specifications continue to become more demanding as Users conduct more challenging experiments. In the months that follow this workshop, two parity violation experiments will begin at Jefferson Lab, GO and HAPPEx2. The photogun requirements for these experiments will be discussed as well as our plans to eliminate/minimize systematic errors. Recent efforts to construct high power Ti-Sapphire drive lasers for these experiments also will be discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Grames, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 1047 EP 1052 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000184 ER PT S AU Baylac, M Adderley, P Clark, J Day, T Grames, J Hansknecht, J Poelker, M Rutt, P Sinclair, C Stutzman, M AF Baylac, M Adderley, P Clark, J Day, T Grames, J Hansknecht, J Poelker, M Rutt, P Sinclair, C Stutzman, M BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Effect of atomic hydrogen exposure on electron beam polarization from strained GaAs photocathodes SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DANVERS, MA SP Int Spin Phys Comm, MIT Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr AB Strained-layer GaAs photocathodes are used at Jefferson Lab to obtain highly polarized electrons. Exposure to atomic hydrogen (or deuterium) is used to clean the wafer surface before the activation with cesium and nitrogen trifluoride to consistently produce high quantum yield photocathodes. The hydrogen-cleaning method is easy, reliable and inexpensive. However, recent tests indicate that exposure to atomic hydrogen may affect the polarization of the electron beam. This paper presents preliminary results of a series of tests conducted to study the effect of atomic H exposure on the polarized electron beam from a strained-layer GaAs sample. The experimental setup is described and the first measurements of the beam polarization as a function of exposure dose to atomic hydrogen are presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Baylac, M (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 1073 EP 1077 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000189 ER PT S AU Stutzman, ML Adderley, P Baylac, M Clark, J Day, A Grames, J Hansknecht, J Poelker, M AF Stutzman, ML Adderley, P Baylac, M Clark, J Day, A Grames, J Hansknecht, J Poelker, M BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Status of Jefferson Lab's load locked polarized electron gun SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DANVERS, MA SP Int Spin Phys Comm, MIT Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr AB A new 100 kV load locked polarized electron gun has been built at Jefferson Lab. The gun is installed in a test stand on a beam line that resembles the first few meters of the CEBAF nuclear physics photoinjector. With this gun, a GaAs photocathode can be loaded from atmosphere, hydrogen cleaned, activated and taken to high voltage in less than 8 hours. The gun is a three chamber design, with all of the moving parts remaining at ground potential during gun operation. Studies of gun performance, photocathode life times, transverse emittance at high bunch charge, helicity correlated effects and beam polarizations from new photocathode samples will all be greatly facilitated by the use of this load locked gun. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Stutzman, ML (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 1078 EP 1082 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000190 ER PT S AU Maruyama, T Brachmann, A Clendenin, JE Desikan, T Garwin, EL Kirby, RE Luh, DA Prescott, CY Turner, J Prepost, R AF Maruyama, T Brachmann, A Clendenin, JE Desikan, T Garwin, EL Kirby, RE Luh, DA Prescott, CY Turner, J Prepost, R BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Suppression of the surface charge limit in strained GaAs photocathodes SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DANVERS, MA SP Int Spin Phys Comm, MIT Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr AB Single strained, medium-doped (5x10(18)/cm(3)) GaAs photocathodes show the surface charge limit (SCL). The SCL poses a serious problem for operation of polarized electron sources at future linear colliders such as the NLC/JLC. A high-gradient-doping technique has been applied to address this problem. A 5-7.5 nm p-type surface layer doped to 5x10(19)/cm(3) is found sufficient to overcome the SCL, while maintaining high beam polarization. This technique can be employed to meet the charge requirements of the NLC with a polarization approaching 80%. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Maruyama, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 1083 EP 1087 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000191 ER PT S AU Brachmann, A Clendenin, J Galetto, T Maruyama, T Sodja, J Turner, J Woods, M AF Brachmann, A Clendenin, J Galetto, T Maruyama, T Sodja, J Turner, J Woods, M BE Makdisi, YI Luccio, AU MacKay, WW TI Ultra-stable flashlamp-pumped laser SO SPIN 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL DANVERS, MA SP Int Spin Phys Comm, MIT Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr ID POLARIZED ELECTRON SOURCE AB We present the design and experimental results for the flashlamp-pumped Ti:Sapphire laser system used at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). This laser system is used in conjunction with the Polarized Electron Source to generate polarized electron beams for fixed target experiments (e.g. the E-158 experiment). The unique capabilities such as high pulse-to-pulse stability, long pulse length and high repetition rate is discussed. Emphasis is placed on recent modifications of the laser system, which allow ultra-stable operation with 0.5% rms intensity jitter. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brachmann, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0136-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 675 BP 1093 EP 1097 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX56W UT WOS:000185703000193 ER PT J AU Weber, W Riesen, S Siegmann, HC AF Weber, W Riesen, S Siegmann, HC TI The dynamic response of magnetization to hot spins SO SPIN DYNAMICS IN CONFINED MAGNETIC STRUCTURES II SE TOPICS IN APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; DEPENDENT TRANSMISSION; FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; MULTILAYER; MAGNETORESISTANCE; PHOTOEMISSION; DIFFRACTION; GENERATION; PRECESSION; EXCITATION AB When electrons interact with a ferromagnet, their spin polarization vector is expected to move, depending on the magnetization of the ferromagnetic material. This spin motion, consisting of an azimuthal precession and a polar rotation about the magnetization direction, is measured. The precession of the spin polarization vector generates a torque on magnetization that turns out to be large with low-energy electrons. This makes injection as well as reflection of spin-polarized electrons an attractive alternative concept for magnetization switching. C1 ETH, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Weber, W (reprint author), ETH, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS PY 2003 VL 87 BP 185 EP 211 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BW69M UT WOS:000182837900006 ER PT B AU Jackson, HE AF Jackson, HE BE Steffens, E Shanidze, R TI Flavor structure of the nucleon as revealed at HERMES SO SPIN STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Spin Structure of the Nucleon CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2002 CL Yerevan, ARMENIA SP NATO ID POLARIZED QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; SPIN STRUCTURE; SEA; ASYMMETRY; BREAKING AB The flavor structure of the nucleon as revealed in parton distributions (PDF's) is central to understanding the partonic structure of the nucleon. Recent data on unpolarized PDF's and their implications for the flavor- dependent quark helicity distributions are discussed. Results are presented for spin asymmetries in inclusive and semi-inclusive cross sections for production of pions, and kaons measured by the HERMES experiment at DESY in deep-inelastic scattering of polarized positrons on proton and deuterium targets. A full 5 component extraction of polarized quark distributions for u, d, (u) over bar, (d) over bar, and (s + (s) over bar) is reported. Resulting valence quark distributions conform to results of earlier experiments. There is no evidence for a significant polarization of the light sea. In contrast to the conclusions inferred from studies of polarized inclusive scattering, a leading order analysis of the HERMES data suggests a zero or slightly positive polarization of the strange sea. There is no evidence for a measurable flavor asymmetry in the helicity distributions for the light sea. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jackson, HE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1440-6 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2003 VL 111 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAN24 UT WOS:000222941900002 ER PT S AU Avakian, H AF Avakian, H BE Steffens, E Shanidze, R TI Spin and azimuthal asymmetries in DIS SO SPIN STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Spin Structure of the Nucleon CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2002 CL Yerevan, ARMENIA SP NATO ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; POLARIZED NUCLEONS; PION-PRODUCTION; ELECTROPRODUCTION; LEPTOPRODUCTION; MODEL; DECOMPOSITION C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Avakian, H (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-1440-6 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2003 VL 111 BP 95 EP 108 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAN24 UT WOS:000222941900009 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, I BE Nittel, S Gunopulos, D TI The virtual data grid: A new model and architecture for data-intensive collaboration SO SSDBM 2002: 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUL 09-11, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Univ Maine, Natl Ctr Geo Informat & Anal C1 Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1964-4 PY 2003 BP 11 EP 11 DI 10.1109/SSDM.2003.1214945 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX17F UT WOS:000184498600003 ER PT B AU Wu, KS Koegler, W Chen, J Shoshani, A AF Wu, KS Koegler, W Chen, J Shoshani, A BE Nittel, S Gunopulos, D TI Using bitmap index for interactive exploration of large datasets SO SSDBM 2002: 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUL 09-11, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Univ Maine, Natl Ctr Geo Informat & Anal ID SPAN SPACE; TRACKING AB Many scientific applications generate large spatio-temporal datasets. A common way of exploring these datasets is to identify and track regions of interest. Usually these regions are defined as contiguous sets of points whose attributes satisfy some user defined conditions, e.g. high temperature regions in a combustion simulation. At each time step, the regions of interest may be identified by first searching for all points that satisfy the conditions and then grouping the points into connected regions. To speed up this process, the searching step may use a tree-based indexing scheme, such as a KD-tree or an Octree. However, these indices are efficient only if the searches are limited to one or a small number of selected attributes. Scientific datasets often contain hundreds of attributes and scientists frequently study these attributes in complex combinations, e.g. finding regions of high temperature and low pressure. Bitmap indexing is an efficient method for searching on multiple criteria simultaneously. We apply a bitmap compression scheme to reduce the size of the indices. In addition, we show that the compressed bitmaps can be used efficiently to perform the region growing and the region tracking operations. Analyses show that our approach scales well and our tests on two datasets from simulation of the autoignition process show impressive performance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1964-4 PY 2003 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1109/SSDM.2003.1214955 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX17F UT WOS:000184498600009 ER PT B AU Baldwin, C Eliassi-Rad, T Abdulla, G Critchlow, T AF Baldwin, C Eliassi-Rad, T Abdulla, G Critchlow, T BE Nittel, S Gunopulos, D TI The evolution of a hierarchical partitioning algorithm for large-scale scientific data: Three steps of increasing complexity SO SSDBM 2002: 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUL 09-11, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Univ Maine, Natl Ctr Geo Informat & Anal AB As scientific data sets grow exponentially in size, the need for scalable algorithms that heuristically partition the data increases. In this paper, we describe the three-step evolution of a hierarchical partitioning algorithm for large-scale spatio-temporal scientific data sets generated by massive simulations. The first version of our algorithm uses a simple top-down partitioning technique, which divides the data by using a four-way bisection of the spatio-temporal space. The shortcomings of this algorithm lead to the second version of our partitioning algorithm, which uses a bottom-up approach. In this version, a partition hierarchy is constructed by systematically agglomerating the underlying Cartesian grid that is placed on the data. Finally, the third version of our algorithm utilizes the intrinsic topology of the data given in the original scientific problem to build the partition hierarchy in a bottom-up fashion. Specifically, the topology is used to heuristically agglomerate the data at each level of the partition hierarchy. Despite the growing complexity in our algorithms, the third version of our algorithm builds partition hierarchies in less time and is able to build trees for larger size data sets as compared to the previous two versions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM baldwin5@llnl.gov; eliassi@llnl.gov; abdulla1@llnl.gov; critchlow@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1964-4 PY 2003 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1109/SSDM.2003.1214983 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX17F UT WOS:000184498600024 ER PT S AU Covino, BS Craig, CH Cramer, SD Bullard, SJ Ziomek-Moroz, M Jablonski, PD Turner, PC Radisch, HR Gokcen, NA Friend, CM Edwards, MR AF Covino, BS Craig, CH Cramer, SD Bullard, SJ Ziomek-Moroz, M Jablonski, PD Turner, PC Radisch, HR Gokcen, NA Friend, CM Edwards, MR BE Winters, GL Nutt, MJ TI Corrosion behavior of platinum-enhanced radiopaque stainless steel (PERSS (R)) for dilation-balloon expandable coronary stents SO STAINLESS STEELS FOR MEDICAL AND SURGICAL APPLICATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Stainless Steels for Medical and Surgical Applications CY MAY 06-07, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Comm F04 DE coronary stents; corrosion; stainless steel; platinum; alloy; Ringers solution; pitting corrosion; breakdown potential; radiopacity; x-rays AB Dilation-balloon expandable coronary stents are made of implant grade stainless steels, UNS S31673, e.g., BioDur(R) 316LS. Boston Scientific / Interventional Technologies (BS/IVT) determined that addition of platinum to UNS S31673 could produce a stainless steel with enhanced radiopacity, which made such stents more visible radiographically. A goal of the program was to ensure the platinum additions would not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of the resulting 5-6 wt % PERSS(R) alloys. Corrosion resistance of PERSS and BioDur 316LS was determined using electrochemical tests for general, pitting, crevice and intergranular corrosion. Experimental methods included A262E, F746, F2129, and potentiodynamic polarization. The similar to 6 wt % PERSS alloy (IVT 78) had a resistance to pitting, crevice and intergranular corrosion similar to base materials. IVT 78 was a single-phase austenitic PERSS alloy with no evidence of inclusions or precipitates; it was more resistant to pitting corrosion than the similar to 5 wt % PERSS alloys. PERSS performance was not a function of oxygen content in the range 0.01 to 0.03 wt %. C1 US DOE, Mat Conservat Div, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Covino, BS (reprint author), US DOE, Mat Conservat Div, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3459-2 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1438 BP 176 EP 193 DI 10.1520/STP11163S PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BW53S UT WOS:000182321300015 ER PT B AU Auer, L AF Auer, L BE Hubeny, I Mihalas, D Werner, K TI Formal solution: EXPLICIT answers SO STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELING SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Stellar Atmosphere Modeling CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL UNIV TUBINGEN, TUBINGEN, GERMANY HO UNIV TUBINGEN ID MONOTONE AB Evaluation of the radiation field arising from a specified distribution of absorption and emission is known as the formal solution. The ability to find such solutions efficiently is critical to the iterative solution of the implicit, coupled, matter plus radiation problem. It is first shown how the exact relativistic radiation transport along a ray may be reduced to a set of easily evaluated integrals. The short characteristic approach is then used to find the formal solution of multi-dimensional radiation problems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Auer, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-3 Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-131-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2003 VL 288 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW53Y UT WOS:000182322800001 ER PT B AU Auer, L AF Auer, L BE Hubeny, I Mihalas, D Werner, K TI Insight into multi-dimensional transfer SO STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELING SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Stellar Atmosphere Modeling CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL UNIV TUBINGEN, TUBINGEN, GERMANY HO UNIV TUBINGEN ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATOMS AB Although computers are becoming ever more powerful, modelers must be aware of potential computational dangers. Resolution of optical boundaries and interfaces is necessary in order to predict correctly the radiation field. For regular objects this is accomplished simply by using "logarithmic gridding" on the outside edges. For irregular objects, like prominences or loops, resolution of all the interior interfaces is a nearly insurmountable problem. Monte Carlo is a powerful and robust tool for validating deterministic results. It is particularly appropriate in this era of multi-processor computing. It automatically resolves all boundaries,,avoids the "ray effects" inherent in the use of distinct rays, can easily treat even fractal structures, and should become a first-look tool for the investigation of the effect of geometrical structure on the radiation field. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Auer, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-3 Mail Stop,D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-131-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2003 VL 288 BP 405 EP 417 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW53Y UT WOS:000182322800052 ER PT B AU Mihalas, D AF Mihalas, D BE Hubeny, I Mihalas, D Werner, K TI Laboratory and astrophysical radiation hydrodynamics: An introduction SO STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELING SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Stellar Atmosphere Modeling CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL UNIV TUBINGEN, TUBINGEN, GERMANY HO UNIV TUBINGEN AB In this talk, I discuss some aspects of radiation-material interactions that can produce radiation from a violently moving fluid, or, reciprocally, can result in macroscopic motion in fluids which are subject to intense radiation fields. I also outline some similarities and contrasts between "laboratory" and astrophysical phenomena in which radiation hydrodynamics plays an important role. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mihalas, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-131-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2003 VL 288 BP 459 EP 470 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW53Y UT WOS:000182322800060 ER PT B AU Mihalas, D AF Mihalas, D BE Hubeny, I Mihalas, D Werner, K TI Cepheid atmospheres SO STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Stellar Atmosphere Modeling CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL UNIV TUBINGEN, TUBINGEN, GERMANY HO UNIV TUBINGEN ID RR-LYRAE STARS; ABSOLUTE ENERGY DISTRIBUTION; NONLINEAR RADIAL OSCILLATIONS; I LAMBDA-10830 LINE; ROSSELAND MEAN OPACITY; TIME-DEPENDENT MODEL; CLASSICAL CEPHEID; H-ALPHA; HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS; CONVECTIVE MODEL AB Cepheids, both Population I and II, and RR Lyr stars, have dynamical. atmospheres. Their pulsations are driven by the Eddington opacity-valve mechanism in the He II ionization zone. Both the classical Cepheids and RR Lyraes generally show an almost perfect periodicity in their light curves and radial-velocity curves. The Population II Cepheids exhibit more complex behaviors, which can be interpreted in terms of the onset,of dynamical "chaos". The continuum and line-forming regions of their atmospheres are strongly affected by radiation fronts and shock p waves, and the spectra of all of these stars exhibit emission lines in appropriate spectral regions. While the modeling of Cepheid envelopes has been pursued vigorously for over 40 years, very little work has been done on Cepheid atmospheres, which are not only dynamical, but also far from LTE. In my opinion, given the high-speed computers, the modern computational techniques, and the very large atomic databases now available, the time is ripe to attack the problem of computing accurate spectra, both absorption and emission, for pulsating stars. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mihalas, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM dmihalas@lanl.gov; dmihalas@lanl.gov NR 137 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-131-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2003 VL 288 BP 471 EP 490 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW53Y UT WOS:000182322800061 ER PT S AU Naumann, U Gottschling, P AF Naumann, U Gottschling, P BE Albrecht, A Steinhofel, K TI Simulated annealing for optimal pivot selection in Jacobian accumulation SO STOCHASTIC ALGORITHMS: FOUNDATIONS AND APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Stochastic Algorithms CY SEP 22-23, 2003 CL HATFIELD, ENGLAND SP Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Comp Sci DE Jacobian matrices; dyadic pivoting; row and column pivoting; (logarithmic) simulated annealing AB We report on new results in logarithmic simulated annealing applied to the optimal Jacobian accumulation problem. This is a continuation of work that was presented at the SAGA'01 conference in Berlin, Germany [16]. We discuss the optimal edge elimination problem in linearized computational graphs [15] in the context of linear algebra. We introduce row and column pivoting on the extended Jacobian as analogs to front and back edge elimination in linearized computational graphs. Neighborhood relations for simulated annealing are defined on a metagraph that is derived from the computational graph. All prerequisites for logarithmic simulated annealing are fulfilled for dyadic pivoting, which is equivalent to vertex elimination in linearized computational graphs [7]. For row and column pivoting we cannot yet give a proof that the corresponding elimination sequences are polynomial in size. In practice, however, the likelihood for an exponential elimination sequence to occur is negligible. Numerical results are presented for algorithms based on both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Markov chains for all pivoting techniques. The superiority of row and column pivoting over dyadic pivoting can be observed when applying these techniques to Roe's numerical flux [17]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Naumann, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20103-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2827 BP 83 EP 97 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY04G UT WOS:000187345400008 ER PT B AU Pisarski, RD AF Pisarski, RD BE Schmidt, MG TI Effective lagrangians for Polyakov loops and quarkless baryons SO STRONG AND ELECTROWEAK MATTER 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 2002) CY OCT 02-05, 2002 CL UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST THEORET PHYS, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch HO UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST THEORET PHYS ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; DECONFINING PHASE-TRANSITION; ADJOINT WILSON LINE; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; SCREENING MASSES; MONTE-CARLO; SU(2); ORDER; CONFINEMENT AB At nonzero temperature, an SU(N) gauge theory without dynamical quarks has a deconfining phase transition. Besides the usual, charge-one Polyakov loop, loops with Z(N) charge greater than one can affect non-universal features of the transition. This is investigated for two and three colors. I also introduce operators for "quarkless baryons", which are neutral under Z(N), and characterize how baryon anti-baryon pairs deconfine. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pisarski, RD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pisarski@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-333-6 PY 2003 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1142/9789812704498_0004 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX47K UT WOS:000185379000004 ER PT B AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L BE Schmidt, MG TI RHIC and the search for high energy density matter SO STRONG AND ELECTROWEAK MATTER 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 2002) CY OCT 02-05, 2002 CL UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST THEORET PHYS, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch HO UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST THEORET PHYS AB The major goal of the RHIC experimental program at Brookhaven National Laboratory is to make and study the Quark Gluon Plasma. Another new form of matter, the Color Glass Condensate may be formed in these collisions The recent results from RHIC are reviewed in this context. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-333-6 PY 2003 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.1142/9789812704498_0008 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX47K UT WOS:000185379000008 ER PT B AU Mottola, E AF Mottola, E BE Schmidt, MG TI Gauge invariance in 2PI effective actions SO STRONG AND ELECTROWEAK MATTER 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 2002) CY OCT 02-05, 2002 CL UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST THEORET PHYS, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch HO UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST THEORET PHYS ID FIELD-THEORY; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE AB The problem of maintaining gauge invariance in the 2PI formulation of QED is discussed. A modified form of the the 2PI effective action is suggested in which Ward identities for external (background field) and internal (quantum field) gauge transformations are both satisfied, but in different manners. The resdidual gauge-fixing dependence in this modified 2PI formulation vanishes in a certain low momentum limit, which allows it to be used reliably for calculating quantities such as transport coeffcients and soft field relaxation in hot gauge theories. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mottola, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM emil@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-333-6 PY 2003 BP 432 EP 436 DI 10.1142/9789812704498_0057 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX47K UT WOS:000185379000057 ER PT J AU Sliz, P Harrison, SC Rosenbaum, G AF Sliz, P Harrison, SC Rosenbaum, G TI How does radiation damage in protein crystals depend on x-ray dose? SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE protein crystals; radiation damage; synchrotron radiation; X-ray crystallography ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; CRYOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; EXTREME; BEAM AB Is radiation damage to cryopreserved protein crystals strictly proportional to accumulated dose at the high-flux density of beams from undulators at third-generation synchrotron sources? The answer is "yes," for overall damage to several different kinds of protein crystals at flux densities up to 10(15) ph/sec/mm(2) (APS beamline 19-ID). We find that, at 12 keV (1 Angstrom wavelength), about ten absorbed photons are sufficient to "kill" a unit cell. As this corresponds to about one elastically scattered photon, each unit cell can contribute only about one photon to total Bragg diffraction. The smallest crystal that can yield a full data set to 3.5 Angstrom resolution has a diameter of about 20 mum (100 Angstrom unit cell). C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem, SER CAT, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harrison, SC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Sliz, Piotr/0000-0002-6522-0835 NR 27 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 AR PII S0969-2126(02)00910-3 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00910-3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 643KP UT WOS:000180860700006 PM 12517336 ER PT J AU Zhang, RG Andersson, CE Savchenko, A Skarina, T Evdokimova, E Beasley, S Arrowsmith, CH Edwards, AM Joachimiak, A Mowbray, SL AF Zhang, RG Andersson, CE Savchenko, A Skarina, T Evdokimova, E Beasley, S Arrowsmith, CH Edwards, AM Joachimiak, A Mowbray, SL TI Structure of Escherichia coli ribose-5-phosphate isomerase: A ubiquitous enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE ribose-5-phosphate isomerase; MAD; X-ray crystallography; pentose phosphate pathway; Calvin cycle; arabinose-5phosphate ID PROTEIN STRUCTURES; RIBOSE; MODELS; PURIFICATION; REFINEMENT; RESOLUTION; SPINACH; PROGRAM; GENE AB Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RpiA; EC 5.3.1.6) interconverts ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate. This enzyme plays essential roles in carbohydrate anabolism and catabolism; it is ubiquitous and highly conserved. The structure of RpiA from Escherichia coli was solved by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) phasing, and refined to 1.5 Angstrom resolution (R factor 22.4%, R-free 23.7%). RpiA exhibits an alpha/beta/(alpha/beta)/beta/alpha fold, some portions of which are similar to proteins of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. The two subunits of the dimer in the asymmetric unit have different conformations, representing the opening/closing of a cleft. Active site residues were identified in the cleft using sequence conservation, as well as the structure of a complex with the inhibitor arabinose-5-phosphate at 1.25 Angstrom resolution. A mechanism for acid-base catalysis is proposed. C1 Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, BMC, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Toronto, Hlth Network, Clin Genomics Ctr Prote, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Biol Mol, BMC, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Mowbray, SL (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, 112 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. RI Mowbray, Sherry/D-2141-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414-01, P50 GM062414, P50 GM062414-01] NR 36 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 AR PII S0969-2126(02)00933-4 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00933-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 643KP UT WOS:000180860700008 PM 12517338 ER PT J AU Kerfeld, CA Sawaya, MR Brahmandam, V Cascio, D Ho, KK Trevithick-Sutton, CC Krogmann, DW Yeates, TO AF Kerfeld, CA Sawaya, MR Brahmandam, V Cascio, D Ho, KK Trevithick-Sutton, CC Krogmann, DW Yeates, TO TI The crystal structure of a cyanobacterial water-soluble carotenoid binding protein SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE carotenoid; methionine; photoprotection; photosynthesis; pigment-protein ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; TRANSPORT FACTOR-2 NTF2; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; SP STRAIN PCC6714; PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA; ANACYSTIS-NIDULANS; PIGMENT-BINDING; SINGLET OXYGEN; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CHLOROPHYLL AB Carotenoids undergo a wide range of photochemical reactions in animal, plant, and microbial systems. In photosynthetic organisms, in addition to light harvesting, they perform an essential role in protecting against light-induced damage by quenching singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals, or triplet-state chlorophyll. We have determined the crystal structure of a water-soluble orange carotenoid protein (OCP) isolated from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima at a resolution of 2.1 Angstrom. OCP forms a homodimer with one carotenoid molecule per monomer. The carotenoid binding site is lined by a striking number of methionine residues. The structure reveals several possible ways in which the protein environment influences the spectral properties of the pigment and provides insight into how the OCP carries out its putative functions in photoprotection. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Ctr Genomics & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kerfeld, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kerfeld@mbi.ucla.edu OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839; Sawaya, Michael/0000-0003-0874-9043 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 31299] NR 53 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 13 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 AR PII S0969-2126(02)00936-X DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00936-X PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 643KP UT WOS:000180860700010 PM 12517340 ER PT S AU Park, JH Sawada, A Kestle, B Rink, D Natesan, K Mattas, RF AF Park, JH Sawada, A Kestle, B Rink, D Natesan, K Mattas, RF BE Alexander, KB Carter, CB Grimes, RW Pan, XQ Wood, TE TI Effect of thin Y-O and Si-O films on in-situ formed CaO coatings on V-4%Cr-4%Ti in liquid 2.8 at.% Ca-Li SO STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS OF OXIDE SURFACES AND INTERFACES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structure-Property Relationships of Oxide Surfaces and Interfaces II held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We are developing electrically insulated coatings for the liquid-metal/structural-material interface of the breeder blanket for magnetic fusion reactors. Our earlier experimental studies indicated that sintered Y2O3 is compatible with liquid Li. In continuing studies, we have deposited thin (0.2 and 0.8 mum) yttrium films on V-4Cr-4Ti structural material by physical vapor deposition (PVD). Annealing the thin Y-metallic PVD film on O-charged V-4Cr-4Ti at 750degreesC for 17 h formed an oxide film by the solid-state reaction between O and Y. Both energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction indicated that the Y-metallic films converted to either YVO3 or Y8V2O17 after annealing. When these samples were exposed in 2.8 at.% Ca-Li at temperatures of 700degreesC for 99 h, a uniformly microstructured CaO layer was formed on the top of the Y-V oxides, but localized Y was not detected by cross-sectional EDS analysis. The addition of Si was found to minimize the V incorporation in the in-situ forming film. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-688-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 751 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BW87P UT WOS:000183444800014 ER PT S AU Wang, YF Bryan, C Xu, HF Gao, HZ AF Wang, YF Bryan, C Xu, HF Gao, HZ BE Alexander, KB Carter, CB Grimes, RW Pan, XQ Wood, TE TI Surface chemistry of mesoporous materials: Effect of nanopore confinement SO STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS OF OXIDE SURFACES AND INTERFACES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structure-Property Relationships of Oxide Surfaces and Interfaces II held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ADSORPTION; SEPARATION; MONOLAYERS; PARTICLES; SUPPORTS; SORBENTS AB Acid-base titration and metal sorption experiments were performed on both mesoporous alumina and alumina particles under various ionic strengths. It has been demonstrated that surface chemistry and ion. sorption within narropores can be significantly modified by a nano-scale space confinement. As the pore size is reduced to a few nanometers, the difference between surface acidity constants (DeltapK = pK(2) - pK(1)) decreases, giving rise to a higher surface charge density on a nanopore surface than that on an unconfined solid-solution interface. The change in surface acidity constants results in a shift of ion sorption edges and enhances ion sorption on that nanopore surfaces. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Wang, YF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-688-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 751 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BW87P UT WOS:000183444800020 ER PT S AU Ziegler, A Kisielowski, C Hoffmann, MJ Ritchie, RO AF Ziegler, A Kisielowski, C Hoffmann, MJ Ritchie, RO BE Alexander, KB Carter, CB Grimes, RW Pan, XQ Wood, TE TI Effects of the amorphous oxide intergranular layer structure and bonding on the fracture toughness of a high purity silicon nitride SO STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS OF OXIDE SURFACES AND INTERFACES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structure-Property Relationships of Oxide Surfaces and Interfaces II held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; CERAMICS; INTERFACES; BETA-SI3N4; MECHANISMS; WHISKERS AB The microstructural evolution and structural characteristics and transitions in the thin grain-boundary oxide films in a silicon nitride ceramic, specifically between two adjacent grains and not the triple junctions, are investigated to find their effect on the macroscopic fracture properties. It is found that by heat treating a model Si3N4-2wt% Y2O3 ceramic for similar to200 hr at 1400degreesC in air, the fracture toughness can be increased by similar to100%, coincident with a change in fracture mechanism from transgranular to intergranular. Structural phase transformations occur in the thin grain boundaries during oxidation that are revealed by XRD, EDX, Raman and EELS analyses. They affect the local bonding of atoms. It is concluded that only specific crystal "building blocks", i.e., tetrahedra, are transformed along the grain boundary and the resulting difference in the atomic structure of the oxide interface is seen directly to alter the macroscopic fracture behavior. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ziegler, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-688-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 751 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BW87P UT WOS:000183444800032 ER PT J AU Purnell, AJ Zhukov, AA Nurgaliev, T Lamura, G Bugoslavsky, Y Lockman, Z MacManus-Driscoll, JL Zhai, HY Christen, HM Paranthaman, MP Lowndes, DH Jo, MH Blamire, MG Hao, L Gallop, JC Cohen, LF AF Purnell, AJ Zhukov, AA Nurgaliev, T Lamura, G Bugoslavsky, Y Lockman, Z MacManus-Driscoll, JL Zhai, HY Christen, HM Paranthaman, MP Lowndes, DH Jo, MH Blamire, MG Hao, L Gallop, JC Cohen, LF TI The microwave surface impedance of MgB2 thin films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POINT-CONTACT SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; PENETRATION DEPTH; ENERGY-GAP; RESISTANCE; SCATTERING; GROWTH AB In thhis paper we present the results of measurements of the microwave surface impedance of a powder sample and two films of MgB2. The powder sample has a T-c = 39 K and the films have T, = 29 K and 38 K. These samples show different temperature dependences of the field penetration depth. Over a period of six months, the film with T-c = 38 K degraded to a T-c of 35 K. We compare the results on all samples with data obtained elsewhere and discuss the implications as far as is possible at this stage. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr High Temp Superconduct, London SW7 2BZ, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Purnell, AJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr High Temp Superconduct, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. RI Lockman, Zainovia/F-5260-2011; So Young, Jang/H-9164-2012; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Zhukov, Alexey/J-3730-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Jo, Moon-Ho/B-9860-2017 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Jo, Moon-Ho/0000-0002-3160-358X NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 AR PII S0953-2048(03)33936-3 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/1/301 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728AL UT WOS:000185693000004 ER PT J AU Li, M Ma, B Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Venkataraman, K Balachandran, U AF Li, M Ma, B Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Venkataraman, K Balachandran, U TI Pulsed laser deposition of YBCO thin films on IBAD-YSZ substrates SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; BUFFER LAYERS; BICRYSTALS; YBA2CU3O7; TAPES AB High-quality YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films were fabricated on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-buffered Hastelloy C276 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. YSZ was grown by ion-beam-assisted deposition. A thin (approximate to 10 nm) CeO2 layer was deposited before the deposition of YBCO. The crystalline structure and biaxial texture of the YBCO film and the buffer layer were examined by x-ray diffraction 2theta-scan, phi-scan and pole-figure analysis. Epitaxial growth of the YBCO film on the buffer layer was observed. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of 7.4degrees was measured from the phi-scan of YBCO(103). Raman spectroscopy showed compositional uniformity and phase integrity in the YBCO films. Surface morphologies of the YBCO films were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Comparative studies indicated that the CeO2 buffer layer significantly improves the structural alignment and superconducting properties of YBCO films. T-c = 90 K, with sharp transition, and transport J(c) = 2.2 x 10(6) A cm(-2) at 77 K in zero-external field were obtained on the 0.5 mum thick YBCO films. The dependence of J(c) on the FWHM of the YBCO(103) phi-scan indicated that high J(c) is associated with low FWHM. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 105 EP 109 AR PII S0953-2048(03)39807-0 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/1/319 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728AL UT WOS:000185693000022 ER PT S AU Lu, ZP Liu, CT AF Lu, ZP Liu, CT BE Egami, T Greer, AL Inoue, A Ranganathan, S TI On the glass forming ability criteria of bulk metallic glasses SO SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS, GLASS TRANSITION AND BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Supercooled Liquids, Glass Transition and Bulk Metallic Glasses CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, DARPA, Liquidmetal Technol ID CRITICAL COOLING RATE; CU-ZR-TI; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-STABILITY; ALLOYS; LIQUIDS; SYSTEMS AB A new criterion gamma, defined as T-x/(T-g+T-l) (where T-x is the onset crystallization temperature; T-g the glass transition temperature and T-l the liquidus temperature), has been proposed for glass formation in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The interrelationship between this new parameter and glass-forming ability (GFA) was elaborated and discussed in comparison with other established criteria. It was found that the new criterion gamma had a much better correlation with GFA than other established parameters. An approximation of the critical cooling rate for glass formation was also formulated and evaluated in the light of this new parameter. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011; Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-691-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 754 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BX31C UT WOS:000184907800008 ER PT S AU Cherne, FJ Baskes, MI Schwarz, RB Srinivasan, SG AF Cherne, FJ Baskes, MI Schwarz, RB Srinivasan, SG BE Egami, T Greer, AL Inoue, A Ranganathan, S TI Calculations of the structure and properties of rapidly quenched Ni/Zr alloys SO SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS, GLASS TRANSITION AND BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Supercooled Liquids, Glass Transition and Bulk Metallic Glasses CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, DARPA, Liquidmetal Technol ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; SIMULATIONS; POTENTIALS; STABILITY; METALS; NICKEL AB Using molecular dynamics and a modified embedded atom potential developed by our group we studied the diffusivity and viscosity of molten Ni1-xZrx alloys as a function of composition, temperature, and cooling rate. Previous results indicate that these potentials represent the Ni-Zr system quite well. Liquid alloys, were quenched at rates of 5 x 10(11) and 10(12) K/s. For x < 0.04 the solidified alloys were crystalline. For higher x values, the solidified alloys were amorphous. For the amorphous alloys, the composition dependence of the calculated glass transition temperature T-g follows the general trend of experimental T-g values. The calculated viscosity and diffusivity show systematic variation with composition. For the undercooled Ni-6 at.% Zr melt the calculated viscosity shows the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) behavior characteristic of a "fragile" glass. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cherne, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011; OI Cherne, Frank/0000-0002-8589-6058 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-691-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 754 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BX31C UT WOS:000184907800023 ER PT S AU Horton, JA Parsell, DE AF Horton, JA Parsell, DE BE Egami, T Greer, AL Inoue, A Ranganathan, S TI Biomedical potential of a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass SO SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS, GLASS TRANSITION AND BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Supercooled Liquids, Glass Transition and Bulk Metallic Glasses CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, DARPA, Liquidmetal Technol ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS AB Due to their unique mechanical properties, bulk metallic glasses (BMG) have potential for biomedical applications. Biocompatibility and corrosion tests of a zirconium-based BMG showed comparable behavior to current implant alloys. Mechanical properties, such as an elastic limit of 2% and a yield strength of 1700 MPa, are significantly higher than current implant alloys. In addition, it was found that medical MRI images of BMG, possibly due to the amorphous structure, are significantly better than other alloys even though the reference alloy contains 14:6 at.% Ni. Nickel-free compositions also retained similar glass forming characteristics and showed even better MRI images. Edge holding for cutting tool applications was demonstrated. Fatigue tests were performed in simulated body conditions and directly compared to Ti-6 Al-4 V. While one specimen failed at more than 3,000,000 cycles at 500 MPa, there was much scatter in the data. Further concentration on processing issues to produce pore free material is needed to produce reliable material for prototype development. Potential uses, especially associated with an interventional MRI for MRI guided surgeries, will be discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Horton, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011; BAI, JIE/D-7448-2016; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-691-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 754 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BX31C UT WOS:000184907800026 ER PT S AU Nicholson, DMC Alamgir, FM Jain, HMS Williams, DB Schwarz, RB AF Nicholson, DMC Alamgir, FM Jain, HMS Williams, DB Schwarz, RB BE Egami, T Greer, AL Inoue, A Ranganathan, S TI Measured, and calculated electronic structure of Ni0.40Pd0.40OP0.20 and Cu0.40OPd0.40OP0.20 SO SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS, GLASS TRANSITION AND BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Supercooled Liquids, Glass Transition and Bulk Metallic Glasses CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, DARPA, Liquidmetal Technol ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; ALLOYS; ORDER AB X-ray Photoemission spectra of Ni0.40Pd0.40P0.20 and Cu0.40Pd0.40P0.20 in the amorphous states are compared to each other and to first principles calculations of the electronic density of states. The electronic structure is calculated for a previously validated amorphous model of Ni0.40Pd0.40P0.20 and for the same amorphous structure but with Cu replacing Ni. The measured and calculated electronic structures of Ni(0.40)Pd(0.40)P0.20 agree and exhibit very little charge transfer to Pd. However, the measured and calculated electronic structures of Cu-0.40Pd0.40P0.20 differ considerably. In C0.40Pd0.40P0.20 there is a large electron transfer to Pd. The local densities of states on Pd atoms in different CuPdP local environments that arise in the amorphous model shed light on this dramatic charge redistribution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nicholson, DMC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-691-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 754 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BX31C UT WOS:000184907800063 ER PT S AU Nicholson, DMC Wang, Y Widom, M AF Nicholson, DMC Wang, Y Widom, M BE Egami, T Greer, AL Inoue, A Ranganathan, S TI Calculated effect of alloy additions on the saturation magnetization of Fe0.80B0.20 SO SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS, GLASS TRANSITION AND BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Supercooled Liquids, Glass Transition and Bulk Metallic Glasses CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, DARPA, Liquidmetal Technol ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; GLASSES AB The great number of different local environments in amorphous alloys leads to the evolution of complicated non collinear magnetic structures. Alloy additions can affect the magnetic structure in surprising ways. For example, replacement of a small amount of Fe with Co increases the saturation magnetization even though Co has a much smaller moment than Fe. The calculated behavior of the magnetic structure of (Fe(1-x)Mx) B-0.8(0.2) with M=Co, Cr, Zr, and Mn2Zr are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Nicholson, DMC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011; Widom, Michael/P-2531-2014 OI Widom, Michael/0000-0001-5972-5696 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-691-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 754 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BX31C UT WOS:000184907800067 ER PT S AU Lin, YH Smart, NG AF Lin, YH Smart, NG BE Gopalan, AS Wai, CM Jacobs, HK TI Supercritical fluid extraction of actinides and heavy metals for environmental cleanup: A process development perspective SO SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE: SEPARATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Separations and Processes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem ID FLUORINATED BETA-DIKETONES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOLID MATERIALS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS REAGENTS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; URANIUM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; LANTHANIDES; CO2 AB The extraction of heavy metal ions and actinide ions is demonstrated using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) containing dissolved protonated ligands, such as beta-diketones and organophosphinic acids. High efficiency extraction is observed. The mechanism of the extraction reaction is discussed and, in particular, the effect of addition of water to the sample matrix is highlighted. In-process dissociation of metal-ligand complexes for ligand regeneration and recycle is also discussed. A general concept for a process using this technology is outlined. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. BNFL, Sellafield CA14 1XQ, Cumbria, England. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3836-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 860 BP 23 EP 35 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX55A UT WOS:000185657900003 ER PT S AU Fox, RV Mincher, BJ AF Fox, RV Mincher, BJ BE Gopalan, AS Wai, CM Jacobs, HK TI Supercritical fluid extraction of plutonium and americium from soil using beta-diketone and tributyl phosphate complexants SO SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE: SEPARATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Separations and Processes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOLID MATERIALS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; LIQUID MATERIALS; TRACE-METALS; URANIUM; LANTHANIDES; ACTINIDES; OXIDES; IONS AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of plutonium and americium from soil was demonstrated using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide solvent augmented with organophosphorus and beta-diketone complexants. Soil from a radioactive waste management site in Idaho was spiked with plutonium and americium, chemically and radiologically characterized, then extracted with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide at 2,900 psi and 65 degreesC. The organophosphorus reagent tributyl phosphate (TBP) and the beta-diketone thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) were added to the supercritical fluid as complexing agents. A single 45 minute SFE with 2.7 mol% TBP and 3.2 mol% TTA provided as much as 88% +/- 6 extraction of americium and 69% +/- 5 extraction of plutonium. Use of 5.3 mol% TBP with 6.8 mol% of the more acidic beta-diketone hexafluoroacetylacetone (HFA) provided 95% +/- 3 extraction of americium and 83% +/- 5 extraction of plutonium in a single 45 minute SFE at 3,750 psi and 95 degreesC. Sequential chemical extraction techniques were used to chemically characterize soil partitioning of plutonium and americium in pre-SFE soil samples. Sequential chemical extraction techniques demonstrated that spiked plutonium resides primarily (69% +/- 2) in the sesquioxide fraction with minor amounts being absorbed by the oxidizable fraction (18% +/- 1) and residual fractions (8% +/- 1). Post-SFE soils subjected to sequential chemical extraction characterization demonstrated that 97% +/- 3 of the oxidizable, 79% +/- 2 of the sesquioxide and 80% +/- 2 of the residual plutonium could be removed using SFE. These preliminary results show that SFE may be an effective solvent extraction technique for removal of actinide contaminants from soil. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Fox, RV (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3836-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 860 BP 36 EP 49 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX55A UT WOS:000185657900004 ER PT S AU King, JW AF King, JW BE Gopalan, AS Wai, CM Jacobs, HK TI Coupled processing options for agricultural materials using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide SO SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE: SEPARATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Separations and Processes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem ID RICE BRAN OIL; SUBCRITICAL WATER; GRAPE SEEDS; CORN FIBER; EXTRACTION; FRACTIONATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEACIDIFICATION; GLYCEROLYSIS; ENRICHMENT AB Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) has been documented numerous times as a benign processing agent, particularly for the processing of agriculturally-derived substrates and foods. However SC-CO2 alone as a medium for conducting extractions, fractionations, or reactions has certain limitations which can be overcome by coupling it with other processing options. Here combinations of multiple fluids, phases, and processing will be presented that allow a final end result to be achieved. Several examples will be presented of using different fluid compositions, including the use of cosolvents to affect the extraction or enrichment of targeted solutes from complex natural products. In addition, the coupling of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with supercritical fluid fractionation (SFF), and/or a reaction conducted in the presence of supercritical media (SFR) will be cited, using specific examples that produce useful industrial products. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercrit Fluid Facil, Div Chem, CACT Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercrit Fluid Facil, Div Chem, CACT Grp, POB 1663,Mail Stop E-537, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3836-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 860 BP 104 EP 129 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX55A UT WOS:000185657900008 ER PT S AU Addleman, RS Wai, C AF Addleman, RS Wai, C BE Gopalan, AS Wai, CM Jacobs, HK TI Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence characterization of uranium complexes and processes in ScFCO2 SO SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE: SEPARATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Separations and Processes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUID EXTRACTION; SOLID MATERIALS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS REAGENTS; METAL-IONS; SOLUBILITY; CO2; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION; UO2(NO3)(2)CENTER-DOT-2TBP AB A time resolved laser induced fluorescence (TRLIF) system has been developed for the on-line measurement of uranyl chelates in supercritical carbon dioxide. This system has been applied to the study of dynamic supercritical uranium extraction processes. Fundamental physical parameters such as complex solubility and distribution coefficients can also be determined with TRLEF. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Addleman, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3836-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 860 BP 188 EP 206 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX55A UT WOS:000185657900013 ER PT S AU Meziani, MJ Pathak, P Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Meziani, MJ Pathak, P Allard, LF Sun, YP BE Gopalan, AS Wai, CM Jacobs, HK TI Nanoparticle formation in rapid expansion of water-in-carbon dioxide microemulsion into liquid solvent SO SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE: SEPARATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Separations and Processes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID SOLUTIONS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; RESS; PRECIPITATION AB Nanocrystalline metal (silver and copper) and metal sulfide (silver sulfide, cadmium sulfide, and lead sulfide) particles were prepared via RESOLV (Rapid Expansion of a Supercritical Solution into a Liquid SOLVent) with water-in-carbon dioxide microemulsion as solvent for the rapid expansion. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV/vis absorption, X-ray powder diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy methods. The results of the different nanoparticles are compared and discussed in reference to those of the same nanoparticles produced via RESOLV with the use of conventional supercritical solvents. C1 Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meziani, MJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3836-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 860 BP 309 EP 323 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX55A UT WOS:000185657900020 ER PT S AU Zemanian, TS Fryxell, GE Ustyugov, O Birnbaum, JC Lin, YH AF Zemanian, TS Fryxell, GE Ustyugov, O Birnbaum, JC Lin, YH BE Gopalan, AS Wai, CM Jacobs, HK TI Synthesis of nanostructured sorbent materials using supercritical fluids SO SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE: SEPARATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Separations and Processes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; SILICA; DESIGN AB There exists a significant need today for high capacity, high efficiency sorbent materials to selectively sequester toxic metal species from groundwater or wastestreams. We have an on-going effort at PNNL to design, synthesize, characterize and evaluate functionalized nanoporous materials for environmental remediation, sensing/detection and device applications. During the course of these studies we have developed novel synthetic methods employing supercritical fluids (SCFs) that provide powerful new synthetic capabilities for molecular self-assembly. The monolayer coatings provided by these SCF methods have higher surface coverage, greater crosslinking, fewer defects and greater stability than those prepared via conventional methods. This manuscript will summarize the SAMMS synthetic strategy, their advantages as sorbent materials and how SCF methodology enhances their preparation and properties. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zemanian, TS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Ustyugov, Aleksey/0000-0003-1977-4797 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3836-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 860 BP 370 EP 386 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX55A UT WOS:000185657900024 ER PT S AU Kaibyshev, R Kazakulov, I Gromov, D Lesuer, DR Nieh, TG AF Kaibyshev, R Kazakulov, I Gromov, D Lesuer, DR Nieh, TG BE Todd, RI TI Superplastic blow forming of 2219 aluminium alloy SO SUPERPLASTICITY IN ADVANCED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Superplasticity in Advanced Materials CY MAR 28-30, 2003 CL St Catherines Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Univ Oxford, Dept Mat HO St Catherines Coll DE aluminum alloys; blow-forming; microstructure evolution; superplasticity ID ALLOY AB Superplasticity in 2219 aluminum alloy was achieved through thermomechanical processing. Tension tests showed that the alloy exhibits superplastic behavior in the temperature range of 450-540degreesC and strain rates ranging from 2.2x10(-5) to 1.1x10(-1) s(-1). A maximum elongation-to-failure of 670% was recorded at 500degreesC and at the initial strain rate of 2.2x10(-4) s(-1). High cavitation level and intensive grain growth were observed. Sheet of the 2219 aluminum alloy was blow formed into conical shape using two different methods: simple negative and backpressure forming. A strain of 2.1 was obtained at 500degreesC under the backpressure blow fort-ning condition. It was found that elongation to failure under blow forming with backpressure is about 1.5 times higher than that under a simple female forming. Microstructural evolution of blow formed parts was also examined. C1 Inst Met Superplast Problems, RU-450001 Ufa, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kaibyshev, R (reprint author), Inst Met Superplast Problems, Khalturina 39, RU-450001 Ufa, Russia. EM rustam@anrb.ru RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; Kaibyshev, Rustam/G-8804-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-937-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 447-4 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY86P UT WOS:000189481800040 ER PT B AU Ottesen, D Sickafoose, S Johnsen, H Kulp, T Armstrong, K Allendorf, S Hoffard, T AF Ottesen, D Sickafoose, S Johnsen, H Kulp, T Armstrong, K Allendorf, S Hoffard, T BE Mittal, KL TI Mapping of surface contaminants by tunable infrared-laser imaging SO SURFACE CONTAMINATION AND CLEANING, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Surface Contamination and Cleaning CY MAY 23-25, 2001 CL NEWARK, NJ SP MST Conf DE infrared; tunable-laser; imaging; cleaning; surface contamination AB We report the development of a new, real-time non-contacting monitor for cleanliness verification based on tunable infrared-laser methods. New analytical capabilities are required to maximize the efficiency of cleaning operations at a variety of federal (Department of Defense [DoD] and Department of Energy [DOE]) and industrial facilities. These methods will lead to a reduction in the generation of waste streams while improving the quality of subsequent processes and the long-term reliability of manufactured, repaired or refurbished parts. We have demonstrated the feasibility of tunable infrared-laser imaging for the detection of contaminant residues common to DoD and DOE components. The approach relies on the technique of infrared reflection spectroscopy for the detection of residues. An optical interface for the laser-imaging method was constructed, and a series of test surfaces was prepared with known amounts of contaminants. Independent calibration of the laser reflectance images was performed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The performance of both optical techniques was evaluated as a function of several variables, including the amount of contaminant, surface roughness of the panel, and the presence of possible interfering species (such as water). FTIR spectra demonstrated that a water film up to 7 pm thick would not interfere with the effectiveness of the laser-imaging instrument. The instrumental detection limit for the laser reflectance imager was determined to be on the order of a 10-20 nm thick film of a general hydrocarbon contaminant. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sickafoose, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9403, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-376-9 PY 2003 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BY20Z UT WOS:000188246300001 ER PT S AU Yang, WG Larson, BC Pharr, GM Ice, GE Swadener, JG Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Liu, WJ AF Yang, WG Larson, BC Pharr, GM Ice, GE Swadener, JG Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Liu, WJ BE Kumar, A Meng, WJ Cheng, YT Zabinski, JS Doll, GL Veprek, S TI Deformation microstructure under nanoindentations in Cu using 3D x-ray structural microscopy SO SURFACE ENGINEERING 2002-SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Engineering 2002 - Synthesis, Characterization and Applications held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INDENTATION; HARDNESS; POLYCRYSTALS; BOUNDARIES; MECHANICS AB We have used a recently developed x-ray structural microscopy technique to make nondestructive, submicron-resolution measurements of the deformation microstructure below a 100mN maximum load Berkovich nanoindent in single crystal Cu. Direct observations of plastic deformation under the indent were obtained using a similar to0.5 mum polychromatic microbeam and diffracted beam depth profiling to make micron-resolution spatially-resolved x-ray Lane diffraction measurements. The local lattice rotations underneath the nanoindent were found to be heterogeneous in nature as revealed by geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) densities determined for positions along lines beneath a flat indent face and under the sharp Berkovich indent blade edges. Measurements of the local rotation-axes and misorientation-angles along these lines are discussed in terms of crystallographic slip systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yang, WG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-687-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 750 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BW91Y UT WOS:000183595500019 ER PT S AU Muralidharan, G Engleman, PG Blue, CA Sikka, VK Singh, AK Khangar, A Dahotre, NB AF Muralidharan, G Engleman, PG Blue, CA Sikka, VK Singh, AK Khangar, A Dahotre, NB BE Kumar, A Meng, WJ Cheng, YT Zabinski, JS Doll, GL Veprek, S TI Laser-assisted surface modification of 4340 steel with iron-aluminum alloys SO SURFACE ENGINEERING 2002-SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Engineering 2002 - Synthesis, Characterization and Applications held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB High power Nd-YAG laser was used to fuse coatings containing a mixture of FeAl and Al, with 4340 steel. It was observed that good quality coatings could be obtained using this process. Detailed microstructural studies show that Fe aluminides and/or a solid solution of Al in Fe can form within the coating, depending on the processing conditions. Wear measurements show that the best wear properties are obtained in the presence of an aluminide in the coating and that the wear properties significantly degrade when the coating consists primarily of a solid solution of Al in Fe. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-687-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 750 BP 449 EP 454 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BW91Y UT WOS:000183595500071 ER PT S AU Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM Myers, SM AF Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM Myers, SM BE Kumar, A Meng, WJ Cheng, YT Zabinski, JS Doll, GL Veprek, S TI Micromechanical properties of He-implanted Ni SO SURFACE ENGINEERING 2002-SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Engineering 2002 - Synthesis, Characterization and Applications held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Detailed finite-element modeling of nanoindentation data is used to obtain the micromechanical properties of Ni implanted with similar to5 at.% He to a depth of 600-700 nm. Properties of He-containing metals have implications for studies of radiation damage and for fundamental issues of dislocation pinning. Cross-section TEM shows the implantation produces a highly damaged layer containing a fine dispersion of He bubbles with diameters of similar to1 nm or smaller, with some evidence for interconnection between bubbles. Nanoindentation of the Ni(He) layers gave a fairly hard, stiff response to depths of 100-120 nm, beyond which the layer failed. By modeling the layer as an isotropic, elastic-plastic solid with the Mises yield criterion, the Ni(He) is shown to have a hardness nearly 7 times that of untreated Ni. However, unlike other treatments that we have used to produce very hard Ni-based layers, the Ni(He) layer fails at relatively modest shear stress levels. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knapp, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-687-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 750 BP 519 EP 524 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BW91Y UT WOS:000183595500081 ER PT B AU Hollis, KJ Peters, MI Bartram, BD AF Hollis, KJ Peters, MI Bartram, BD BE Popoola, O Dahotre, NB Midea, SJ Kopech, HM TI Plasma sprayed ceramic coatings for protection against molten metal SO SURFACE ENGINEERING: COATING AND HEAT TREATMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Surface Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP Int Federat Heat Treatment & Surface Engn, ASM Int DE molten metal corrosion protection; plasma spray; crack behavior; oxide ceramics ID ZIRCONIA COATINGS AB Molten metal environments pose a special demand on materials due to the high temperature corrosion effects and thermal expansion mismatch induced stress effects. A solution that has been successfully employed is the use of a base material for mechanical strength and a coating material for chemical compatibility with the molten metal. The work described here used such an approach coating tungsten rods with aluminum oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconia, yttrium oxide, and erbium oxide deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying. The ceramic materials were deposited under varying conditions to produce different structures. Measurement of particle characteristics was performed to correlate to material properties. The coatings were tested in a thermal cycling environment to simulate the metal melting cycle expected in service. Results of the testing indicate the effect of material composition and spray conditions on the thermal cycle crack resistance of the coatings. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hollis, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-781-0 PY 2003 BP 520 EP 526 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BW57A UT WOS:000182433000074 ER PT J AU Zhang, MH Hwu, HH Buelow, MT Chen, JG Ballinger, TH Andersen, PJ Mullins, DR AF Zhang, MH Hwu, HH Buelow, MT Chen, JG Ballinger, TH Andersen, PJ Mullins, DR TI Decomposition pathways of NO on carbide and oxycarbide-modified W(111) surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen oxides; carbides; tungsten; electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); thermal desorption; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID NITRIC-OXIDE DECOMPOSITION; DISSOCIATION KINETICS; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; ADSORPTION; CO; REACTIVITY; NITROGEN; PT(111); OXYGEN; CYCLOHEXENE AB The decomposition of NO has been studied on clean W(I 1 1), carbide-modified W(I 1 1), and oxycarbide-modified W(I 1 1) surfaces. The decomposition pathways are investigated using a combination of temperature programmed desorption, Auger electron spectroscopy, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, and soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All these surfaces exhibit high activity toward the decomposition of NO, and the only N-containing products are N-2 and N2O. Furthermore, all three surfaces preferentially produce N-2 over N2O from the decomposition of NO. Oxygen atoms, produced from the decomposition of NO, react with carbide surfaces to produce gas-phase CO at high temperatures. In addition, our results demonstrate that cycles of alternate NO/hydrocarbon treatments can regenerate the carbide overlayer on W(I 1 1), and the regenerated C/W(I 11) surface remains active in the decomposition of NO. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Johnson Matthey, Wayne, PA 19087 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, JG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jgchen@udel.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 522 IS 1-3 BP 112 EP 124 AR PII S0039-6028(02)02335-X DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02335-X PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 630JL UT WOS:000180103700018 ER PT J AU Winter, CL Tartakovsky, DM Guadagnini, A AF Winter, CL Tartakovsky, DM Guadagnini, A TI Moment differential equations for flow in highly heterogeneous porous media SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE composite media; nonstationary; statistical; statistically inhomogeneous; stochastic ID NONSTATIONARY SPECTRAL METHOD; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; RECURSIVE APPROXIMATIONS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; TRANSIENT FLOW; STEADY FLOW; TRACER TEST AB Quantitative descriptions of flow and transport in subsurface environments are often hampered by uncertainty in the input parameters. Treating such parameters as random fields represents a useful tool for dealing with uncertainty. We review the state of the art of stochastic description of hydrogeology with an emphasis on statistically inhomogeneous (nonstationary) models. Our focus is on composite media models that allow one to estimate uncertainties both in geometrical structure of geological media consisting of various materials and in physical properties of these materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Politecn Milan, DIIAR, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Winter, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Winter, C. Larrabee/D-3918-2013 NR 100 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 81 EP 106 DI 10.1023/A:1022277418570 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 641NM UT WOS:000180750900003 ER PT S AU Dellnitz, M Preis, R AF Dellnitz, M Preis, R BE Winkler, F Langer, U TI Congestion and almost invariant sets in dynamical systems SO SYMBOLIC AND NUMERICAL SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Symbolic and Numerical Scientific Computation CY SEP 12-14, 2001 CL HAGENBERG, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Sci Fund, Univ Linz, Govt Upper Austria, City Linz ID GRAPHS; EIGENVECTORS; BISECTION; MATRICES; SCHEMES AB An almost invariant set of a dynamical system is a subset of state space where typical trajectories stay for-a long period of time before they enter other parts of state space. These sets axe an important characteristic for analyzing the macroscopic behavior of a given dynamical system. For instance, recently the identification of almost invariant sets has successfully been used in the context of the approximation of so-called chemical conformations for molecules. In this paper we propose new numerical and algorithmic tools for the identification of the number and the location of almost invariant sets in state space. These techniques are based on the use of set oriented numerical methods by which a graph is created which models the underlying. dynamical behavior. In a second step graph theoretic methods are utilized in order to both identify the number of almost-invariant sets and for an approximation of these sets. These algorithmic methods make use of the notion of congestion which is a quantity specifying bottlenecks in the graph. We apply these new techniques to the analysis of the dynamics of the molecules Pentane and Hexane. Our computational results are compared;to analytical bounds which again are based on the congestion but also on spectral information on the transition matrix for the underlying graph. C1 Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Math & Comp Sci, D-4790 Paderborn, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Comp Sci Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Warburger Str 100, D-4790 Paderborn, Germany. EM dellnitz@uni-paderborn.de; robsy@uni-paderborn.de NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40554-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2630 BP 183 EP 209 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BX35C UT WOS:000185031600008 ER PT B AU Louck, JD AF Louck, JD BE Lulek, T Lulek, B Wal, A TI Skew Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns, lattice permutations, and skew pattern polynomials SO SYMMETRY AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International School on Theoretical Physics CY SEP 11-18, 2002 CL MYCZKOWCE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res, European Phys Soc AB A modification of the well-known Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns, which are one-to-one with Young-Weyl semistandard tableaux is introduced. These new patterns are in one-to-one correspondence with skew-tableaux, and with a slight modification can be used to enumerate lattice permutations. In particular, the coupling rule for angular momentum takes an elementary form in terms of these modified patterns. These interrelations will be presented, together with an outline of the construction of a class of polynomials that generalize the skew Schur functions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louck, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-272-0 PY 2003 BP 241 EP 264 DI 10.1142/9789812704474_0019 PG 24 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BX60J UT WOS:000185823600019 ER PT J AU Miljanic, OS Vollhardt, KPC Whitener, GD AF Miljanic, OS Vollhardt, KPC Whitener, GD TI An alkyne metathesis-based route to ortho-dehydrobenzannulenes SO SYNLETT LA English DT Article DE alkyne metathesis; 1,2-di(prop-1-ynyl)arenes; dehydrobenzannulenes; microwave irradiation; Sonogashira coupling ID CARBON NETWORKS; DEHYDROBENZOANNULENES; SUBSTRUCTURES; METHODOLOGY; MACROCYCLES; COMPLEXES; AROMATICS; SYSTEMS; NICS AB An application of alkyne metathesis to 1,2-di(prop-1-ynyl)arenes, producing dehydrobenzannulenes, is described. An efficient method for selective Sonogashira couplings of bromoiodoarenes under conditions of microwave irradiation is also reported. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miljanic, OS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kpcv@uclink.berkeley.edu NR 57 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0936-5214 J9 SYNLETT JI Synlett PD JAN PY 2003 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 636NA UT WOS:000180461200005 ER PT J AU Guillory, P Kapoor, RN Pannell, KH Schulte, L McKee, SD Zhang, ZY Bartsch, RC AF Guillory, P Kapoor, RN Pannell, KH Schulte, L McKee, SD Zhang, ZY Bartsch, RC TI High yield, one-pot syntheses of symmetrical diaryl-N,N-dialkyl carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) ligands SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NITRIC-ACID; AMERICIUM AB A simple one-pot high yield (similar to70%) process is reported for the synthesis, in similar to100g amounts, of a series of symmetrical diaryl-N,N-di-i-butylcarbamoylphosphine oxide (CMPO) actinide extractants, aryl=4-t-butylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl and 2,4,6-tri-i-propylphenyl. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Actinide Proc Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Pannell, KH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM kpannell@utep.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1081/SCC-120015718 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 645AN UT WOS:000180954200019 ER PT S AU Rocha, LM AF Rocha, LM BE MeloPinto, P Teodorescu, HN Fukuda, T TI Automatic conversation driven by uncertainty reduction and combination of evidence for recommendation agents SO SYSTEMATIC ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN FUZZY SYSTEMS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES III: COMPUTER AND SYSTEMS SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Systematic Organisation of Information in Fuzzy Systems CY OCT 24-26, 2001 CL Vila Real, PORTUGAL SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Univ Trasosmotes Alto Douro/CETAV, Vila Real Comm, Minist Sci, Tech Univ Iasi, Fac Elect & Telecommun ID VALUED FUZZY-SETS; INTERVAL; FUZZINESS; NEGATION AB We present an adaptive recommendation system named TalkMine, which is based on the combination of Evidence from different sources. It establishes a mechanism for automated conversation between recommendation agents, in order to gather the interests of individual users of web sites and digital libraries. This conversation process is enabled by measuring the uncertainty content of knowledge structures used to store evidence from different sources. TalkMine also leads different databases or websites to learn new and adapt existing keywords to the categories recognized by its communities of users. TalkMine is currently being implemented for the research library of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under the Active Recommendation Project (http://arp.lanl.gov). The process of identification of the interests of users relies on the combination of several fuzzy sets into evidence sets, which models an ambiguous "and/or" linguistic expression. The interest of users is further fine-tuned by a human-machine conversation algorithm used for uncertainty reduction. Documents are retrieved according to the inferred user interests. Finally, the retrieval behavior of all users of the system is employed to adapt the knowledge bases of queried information resources. This adaptation allows information resources to respond well to the evolving expectations of users. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rocha, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-6694 BN 1-58603-295-X J9 NATO SC S SS III C S PY 2003 VL 184 BP 249 EP 265 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BY81Y UT WOS:000189470700015 ER PT J AU Parkhomchuk, VV Reva, VB Shil'tsev, VD AF Parkhomchuk, VV Reva, VB Shil'tsev, VD TI Interaction between an intense proton bunch and electron beam in a Tevatron SO TECHNICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB An electron lens is capable of producing focusing fields of controllable profile separately for proton and antiproton bunches. This makes it possible to neutralize collision effects. The pioneering experiments with this lens demonstrated that the antiproton lifetime can be reduced from several hundreds to several tens of hours. In this work, we experimentally study processes arising when a high-intensity proton bunch meets an electron beam. Two physical mechanisms that may diminish the lifetime of the antiproton bunch are suggested. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Siberian Div, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Parkhomchuk, VV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Siberian Div, Pr Akademika Lavrenteva 11, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7842 J9 TECH PHYS+ JI Tech. Phys. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1042 EP 1046 DI 10.1134/1.1607478 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 709FW UT WOS:000184616000018 ER PT S AU Macintosh, B Graham, J Poyneer, L Sommargren, G Wilhelmsen, J Gavel, D Jones, S Kalas, P Lloyd, J Makidon, R Olivier, S Palmer, D Patience, J Perrin, M Severson, S Shein, A Sivaramakrishnan, A Troy, M Wallace, K AF Macintosh, B Graham, J Poyneer, L Sommargren, G Wilhelmsen, J Gavel, D Jones, S Kalas, P Lloyd, J Makidon, R Olivier, S Palmer, D Patience, J Perrin, M Severson, S Shein, A Sivaramakrishnan, A Troy, M Wallace, K BE Coulter, DR TI Extreme adaptive optics planet imager: XAOPI SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets CY AUG 05-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; extrasolar planets; MOEMS ID CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; SYSTEMS AB Ground based adaptive optics is a potentially powerful technique for direct imaging detection of extrasolar planets. Turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere imposes some fundamental limits, but the large size of around-based telescopes compared to spacecraft can work to mitigate this. We are carrying out a design study for a dedicated ultra-high-contrast system, the eXtreme Adaptive Optics Planet Imager (XAOPI), which could be deployed on an 8-10m telescope in 2007. With a 4096-actuator MEMS deformable mirror it should achieve Strehl >0.9 in the near-IR. Using an innovative spatially filtered wavefront sensor, the system will be optimized to control scattered light over a large radius and suppress artifacts caused by static errors. We predict that it will achieve contrast levels of 10(7)-10(8) at angular separations of 0.2-0.8" around a large sample of stars (R<7-10), sufficient to detect Jupiter-like planets through their near-IR emission over a wide range of ages and masses. We are constructing, a high-contrast AO testbed to verify key concepts of our system, and present preliminary results here, showing an RMS wavefront error of <1.3 nm with a flat mirror. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Macintosh, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5043-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5170 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1117/12.506836 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY13C UT WOS:000187838700027 ER PT J AU Westfall, C AF Westfall, C TI Scientists, business, and the state, 1890-1960. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Westfall, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.1353/tech.2003.0048 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 652YJ UT WOS:000181408200034 ER PT S AU Boboridis, K Obst, AW AF Boboridis, K Obst, AW BE Ripple, DC TI A high-speed four-channel infrared pyrometer SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 7, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Temperature Symposium CY OCT 21-24, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Instrumentat, Syst & Automat Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID OPTICAL PYROMETRY AB A high-speed, four-wavelength pyrometer has been developed for dynamic temperature measurements on samples that are heated by shock compression. The pyrometer uses a pair of off-axis parabolic mirrors to collect radiance emitted from a target of 1 mm in diameter. A single optical fiber delivers the collected radiant flux to the detector housing. Three dichroic beam splitters are used to spectrally split the light into four beams that are then focused onto an equal number of LN2-cooled InSb photodetectors. Broad bandwidth interference filters that are nominally centered at 1.8, 2.4, 3.4, and 5.0 mum define the wavelength ranges of the four channels. The blackbody-temperature threshold of the pyrometer is at about 400 K. The signals are recorded at intervals as short as 20 ns using a four-channel digital oscilloscope. Procedures for calibration and temperature measurements are described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boboridis, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0153-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 684 BP 759 EP 763 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BY36F UT WOS:000189046300129 ER PT S AU Allison, SW Cates, MR Beshears, DL Gillies, GT AF Allison, SW Cates, MR Beshears, DL Gillies, GT BE Ripple, DC TI Phosphor thermometry at ORNL SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 7, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Temperature Symposium CY OCT 21-24, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Instrumentat, Syst & Automat Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB Phosphor materials are, by design, capable of efficiently converting excitation energy into fluorescence. The temperature-dependent characteristics of this fluorescence provide the basis for noncontact thermometry. In the past decade this approach has been applied to turbine engine diagnostics, liquid temperature measurements for heat pump research, combustion engine intake valve and piston measurements, galvanneal steel processing, transient thermometry of particle beam targets, and microcantilevers used in MEMS devices. The temperatures involved range from ambient to in excess of 1200 degreesC. Some of these applications have involved fiber optics for light delivery and/or fluorescence signal collection. In addition to fielding these applications, there has been considerable work in the laboratory aimed at exploring further improvements and adding to the database of temperature-characterized phosphors. The activities involve investigation of short-decay time phosphors for use on imaging surfaces moving at high speeds, measuring and modeling pressure as well as temperature dependence, developing phosphor adhesion methods, developing phase-based data acquisition approaches. A significant advance is that light-emitting diodes can now be used to provide adequate stimulation of fluorescence in some applications. Recently nanophosphors have become available. The spectral properties and, by implication, thermal dependence of these properties change with particle size. This has ramifications that need to be explored. The ways in which such materials can be exploited for micro- and nano-technology are just now being addressed. These applications and developments mentioned above will be surveyed and discussed as well as envisioned future improvements and new uses for this thermometry technique. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Allison, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0153-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 684 BP 1033 EP 1038 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BY36F UT WOS:000189046300175 ER PT S AU Cates, MR Sanders, AJ Newby, J AF Cates, MR Sanders, AJ Newby, J BE Ripple, DC TI Ultra-high precision phosphor thermometry near 1100 K SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 7, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Temperature Symposium CY OCT 21-24, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Instrumentat, Syst & Automat Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB Studying the fluorescent emission of the dominant 611 nm line from Y2O3:Eu (6.8%) in the temperature region around 1100 K shows that the decay time changes correspond to changes in temperature with precisions of less than 10 mK. The apparatus used includes fluorescent activation by a 337 nm nitrogen gas laser and gradual cooling of an alumina thermal mass heated in a controlled-temperature furnace. Newton's cooling law and autocorrelation methods are used in the data analysis. Since the measurement technique involves the temperature response of molecular lattices it can be expected, with improvements of signal analysis and other laboratory refinements, to provide metrological precision and accuracy in the important temperature region above the aluminum freezing point. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cates, MR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0153-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 684 BP 1039 EP 1044 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BY36F UT WOS:000189046300176 ER PT J AU Horstemeyer, MF Gall, K Dolan, KW Waters, A Haskins, JJ Perkins, DE Gokhale, AM Dighe, MD AF Horstemeyer, MF Gall, K Dolan, KW Waters, A Haskins, JJ Perkins, DE Gokhale, AM Dighe, MD TI Numerical, experimental, nondestructive, and image analyses of damage progression in cast A356 aluminum notch tensile bars SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT; VOID NUCLEATION; DUCTILE METALS; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; CAVITY NUCLEATION; MATRIX COMPOSITE; POROUS MATERIALS; LOCALIZATION; GROWTH; MODEL AB Void nucleation, growth, and coalescence in A356 aluminum notch specimens was determined from a combination of experiments, finite element analysis, nondestructive analysis, and image analysis. Notch Bridgman tension experiments were performed on specimens to failure and then other specimens were tested to 90%, 95%, and 98% of the failure load. The specimens were evaluated with nondestructive X-ray tomography and optical image analysis. Finite element simulations of the notch tests were performed with an elastic-plastic internal state variable material model that incorporated the pertinent microstructures (silicon particle volume fraction and size distribution and porosity volume fraction and size distribution). Parametric finite element simulations were performed to give insight into various initial conditions and responses of the notch tensile bars. The various methods all corroborated the same damage progression. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Solid & Mat Mech Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Solid & Mat Mech Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mfhorst@sandia.gov OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8442 EI 1872-7638 J9 THEOR APPL FRACT MEC JI Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 23 EP 45 AR PII S0167-8442(02)00136-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-8442(02)00136-2 PG 23 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 632TV UT WOS:000180239700003 ER PT S AU Staggs, KJ Alvares, NJ Greenwood, DW AF Staggs, KJ Alvares, NJ Greenwood, DW BE Gritzo, LA Alvares, N TI The difference between measured and stored minimum ignition energies of dimethyl sulfoxide spray at elevated temperatures SO THERMAL MEASUREMENTS: THE FOUNDATION OF FIRE STANDARDS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermal Measurements - The Foundation of Fire Standards CY DEC 03, 2001 CL DALLAS, TX SP ASTM Int Comm E05 Fire Stand DE dimethyl sulfoxide spray; sprayed flammable fluids; high explosives C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Staggs, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3451-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1427 BP 178 EP 193 DI 10.1520/STP10955S PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BV87K UT WOS:000180267000011 ER PT S AU Sherby, OD Carsi, M Kim, WJ Lesuer, DR Ruano, OA Syn, CK Taleff, EM Wadsworth, J AF Sherby, OD Carsi, M Kim, WJ Lesuer, DR Ruano, OA Syn, CK Taleff, EM Wadsworth, J BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Mechanical property - Microstructure relations in iron-carbon alloys from 1.0 to 5.2% carbon SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE ultra-high carbon steels; eutectoid steels; hypereutectoid steels; superplasticity; iron carbide; ferrite; austenite; grain size; divorced eutectoid transformation; ingot processing; powder processing; Damascus steel; hot-and-warm working; cast iron; yield strength; ductility ID FE-C ALLOYS; ANCIENT BLACKSMITHS; DAMASCUS STEELS; ULTRAHIGH; BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH AB Mechanical property studies of Fe-C alloys, from 1.0 to 5.2 wt.% carbon, became of commercial interest because of their superplastic properties. Optimal superplasticity was achieved with carbon contents in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 wt % carbon. These steels are known as ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCSs). The basis for this success is the creation of a two-phase structure of ultrafine ferrite grains containing fine iron carbide particles. Similar superplastic behavior is achieved with iron-carbon steels in the carbon range from to 2.1 to 4.2% C (white cast iron and ductile iron) and even up to 5.2% C (iron carbide). A number of commercially viable components were successfully formed. However, high-strain-rate superplasticity could not be achieved in the UHCSs and production of commercial components was postponed. Current studies on UHCS-based materials center on optimizing processing steps for manufacture of strong and tough UHCS products involving modem continuous-casting and metal working procedures. Creation of ultra-fine pearlite in UHCS by simulated production processing has shown remarkable mechanical properties at ambient temperatures. A divorced eutectoid transformation, coupled with associated deformation (DETWAD), is used to develop fully spheroidized structures of ultra-fine ferrite grains in UHCS. The modem studies on UHCSs has a fascinating relation to the history of ancient Damascus steel and Japanese swords that are known to contain an ultra high amount of carbon. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Nacl Invest Met, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Hongik Univ, Dept Met Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 121791, South Korea. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015; OI Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X; carsi, manuel/0000-0001-8068-5385 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400002 ER PT S AU Nesbitt, JA Gleeson, B Sordelet, D Barrett, CA AF Nesbitt, JA Gleeson, B Sordelet, D Barrett, CA BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Pt and Hf additions to NiAl bond coats and their effect on the lifetime of thermal barrier coatings SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE TBC's; thermal barrier coatings; Ni-aluminides; bond coats AB The lifetimes of thermal barrier coatings (TBC's) with various NiAlPt(HfZr) bond coats were determined by cyclic oxidation testing at 1163degreesC (2125degreesF). The bond coats were sprayed from powders by low pressure plasma spraying onto Rene N5 superalloy substrates. Yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) top coats were applied by air plasma spraying. Surprisingly, there was not a strong correlation between TBC lifetime and Pt or Hf content although Zr additions decreased lifetimes. TBC failure morphologies and bond coat microstructures were examined and are discussed with respect to the bond coat compositions. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nesbitt, JA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400027 ER PT S AU Prime, MB Newborn, MA Balog, JA AF Prime, MB Newborn, MA Balog, JA BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Quenching and cold-work residual stresses in aluminum hand forgings: Contour method measurement and FEM prediction SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE thermal stress; aluminum alloy; distortion; surface topography; finite element method ID DISTORTION AB The cold-compression stress relief process used to reduce the quench-induced stresses in high-strength aerospace aluminum alloy forgings does not fully relieve the stresses. This study measured and predicted the residual stress in 7050-T74 (solution heat treated, quenched, and artificially overaged) and 7050-T7452 (cold compressed prior to aging) hand forgings. The manufacturing process was simulated by finite element analysis. First, a thermal analysis simulated the quench using appropriate thermal boundary conditions and temperature dependent material properties. Second, a structural analysis used the thermal history and a temperature and strain-rate dependent constitutive model to predict the stresses after quenching. Third, the structural analysis was continued to simulate the multiple cold compressions of the stress relief process. Experimentally, the residual stresses in the forgings were mapped using the contour method, which involved cutting the forgings using wire EDM and then measuring the contour of the cut surface using a CMM. Multiple cuts were used to map different stress components. The results show a spatially periodic variation of stresses that results from the periodic nature of the cold work stress relief process. The results compare favorably with the finite element prediction of the stresses. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Alcoa Technol, Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400063 ER PT S AU Lesuer, D Syn, C Sherby, O Kum, DW AF Lesuer, D Syn, C Sherby, O Kum, DW BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI High strain rate - High strain response of an ultrahigh carbon steel containing 1.3% C and 3% Si SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE ultrahigh carbon steel; high rate deformation; shear bands AB The mechanical response of a UHCS-1.3C material deformed at approximately 3000 s(-1) to large strains (60%) has been studied. The influence of three different heat treatments, which resulted in pearlitic, martensitic and tempered martensitic microstructures, on the stress-strain response has also been examined. Failure, at both the macroscopic and the microscopic levels, and the ability of the material to absorb energy in compression have been evaluated. Failure for all heat treatments occurred due to shear localization. However, in the pearlitic condition, extensive buckling of the carbide plates was observed and the UHCS-1.3C material exhibited significant potential for compressive ductility (>60%) and energy absorption due to the distributed buckling of these plates. In the pearlitic condition, localization occurred due to adiabatic shear bands, in which austenite formed. Subsequent cooling produced a divorced-eutectoid transformation with associated deformation, which resulted in a microstructure consisting of 50 to 100 nm sized grains. The results show the large potential for use of UHCS in applications involving dynamic loading. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul 130650, South Korea. RP Lesuer, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 841 EP 846 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400129 ER PT S AU Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Sherby, OD Taleff, EM AF Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Sherby, OD Taleff, EM BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Stress-strain rate relations in ultrahigh carbon steels deformed in the ferrite range of temperature SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE ultrahigh carbon steel; creep strength; strain rate effect; strain aging; ferrite; ferromagnetism; lattice diffusion; dislocation pipe diffusion; elastic modulus; activation energy; dislocation climb; strengthening mechanisms; Cottrell locking AB The stress-strain rate relations in ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCSs) have been analyzed at high temperatures in the ferrite range where dislocation slip is the principal deformation mechanism. Specifically, the present investigation centers on the factors influencing the strength of UHCS in the ferrite range of 500 to 700degreesC and in the strain rate range of 10(-3) to 10(3) s(-1). These steels contain iron carbide as a second phase either in the form of spheroidite or pearlite and vary in the grain size according to the processing history. The new variables that need to be taken into account are the effect of ferromagnetism and its change with temperature on the creep strength of the ferritic UHCSs. Recent studies have shown that ferromagetism strongly influences the lattice and dislocation pipe diffusion coefficient and the elastic modulus of iron in the ferrite range of temperature. These variables are shown to influence the creep strength of ferrite-base steels and explain the high activation energies that are observed in many of the ferritic UHCSs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Syn, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 853 EP 858 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400131 ER PT S AU Rawers, J Tylczak, J Blankenship, D Bullard, S AF Rawers, J Tylczak, J Blankenship, D Bullard, S BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Characterizing alloy additions to high nitrogen steels SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE nitrogen steels; alloy additions; characterization AB Numerous articles of individual high nitrogen stainless steel compositions or alloys with near identical alloy compositions have been published characterizing the properties the alloy or the improvement which an individual element contributes to the base alloy's properties. In this study a series of high nitrogen steels alloys were prepared with the intent of characterizing the advantages and limitations of different alloy chemistry on the base alloy's material properties such as: microstructure, mechanical properties, environmental interactions (corrosion and oxidation), and wear. A base composition of Fe-15Cr-15 Mn was chosen. Alloys of similar basic compositions are austenitic and often used as a starting composition as a substitute or replacements for Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel alloys. Mn is less expensive than Ni, is a strong austenizer, enhances nitrogen solubility, and has no allergenic effects. To this base alloy composition additions of C, N, Si, Mo, and Nb was added. Nitrogen (and carbon) alloys as interstitials and have been shown to enhance strength and reduce corrosion. Niobium (or similar elements) is often added to produce intergranular carbide precipitates that further enhance strength. Molybdenum and silicon are added to improve corrosion-oxidation properties. This study was designed to evaluate the action and interaction of these different alloys and suggest what alloys compositions are best used under different engineering requirements. The results of the experimental alloys are compared with that of two experimental higher-nitrogen commercial alloys steels with further alloy addition of Ni and Cu were also studied. Alloy evaluation included: (i) microstructure: optical, SEM, and X-ray diffraction, (ii) mechanical properties: yield, tensile, elongation, hardness ( room temperature and hot), and energy to failure, (iii) oxidation and corrosion, and (iv) abrasive wear: scratch, pin-on-drum, and pin-on-disk. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Rawers, J (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Tylczak, Joseph/C-7956-2009 OI Tylczak, Joseph/0000-0002-0391-2350 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 931 EP 936 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400144 ER PT S AU Gavriljuk, V Rawers, J Shanina, B Berns, H AF Gavriljuk, V Rawers, J Shanina, B Berns, H BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Nitrogen and carbon in austenitic and martensitic steels: Atomic interactions and structural stability SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE nitrogen stainless steels; nitrogen plus carbon; austenite; martensite; atomic distribution; thermodynamic stability ID ELECTRON-STRUCTURE; ALLOYS AB The effect of nitrogen and carbon on the structure of austenitic and martensitic steels is discussed. A correlation is shown between the electronic structure, atomic distribution and thermodynamic stability of Fe-based alloys. An increase in stability of solid solutions and a delay of precipitation is observed in the order of alloying with carbon-->nitrogen-->carbon+nitrogen. Experimental data are presented for C, N and C+N steels. C1 Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Gavriljuk, V (reprint author), Inst Met Phys, Vernadsky Blvd 36, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 943 EP 949 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400146 ER PT S AU Saxena, A Ahluwalia, R Lockman, T Albers, RC AF Saxena, A Ahluwalia, R Lockman, T Albers, RC BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Constitutive response of polycrystalline shape memory alloys SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE shape memory alloys; maxtensites; polycrystals; stress-strain response ID PHASE FIELD MODEL; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; SIMULATION; KINETICS; TEXTURE; SYSTEM; NITI AB We introduce a new framework for modeling elastic properties of shape memory alloy polycrystals by coupling orientational degrees of freedom with elastic strains. We simulate the microstructure and determine the stress-strain response of the polycrystal and compare it with that of a single crystal. For FePd parameters we find that the recoverable strain for a polycrystal is similar to40% of that for a single crystal. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 2255 EP 2260 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400360 ER PT S AU Vogel, SC Alexander, DJ Beyerlein, IJ Bourke, MAM Brown, DW Clausen, B Tome, CN Von Dreele, RB Xu, C Langdon, TG AF Vogel, SC Alexander, DJ Beyerlein, IJ Bourke, MAM Brown, DW Clausen, B Tome, CN Von Dreele, RB Xu, C Langdon, TG BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Investigation of texture in ECAP materials using neutron diffraction SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE equal-channel angular pressing; ECAP; aluminum; nickel; copper; beryllium; fcc; hcp; neutron diffraction; quantitative texture analysis; Rietveld; spherical harmonics; visco-plasticity ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; EVOLUTION; ALUMINUM; NICKEL AB The use of severe plastic deformation techniques such as equal channel angular pressing, has been shown to refine metal microstructures giving advantageous mechanical properties. Metals and alloys subjected to ECAP procedures can have very high yield strengths while maintaining substantial ductility, a unique and attractive combination. However, the implicitly large deformations (the application of repeated shear strains of similar to1 are typical) make prediction of the resulting mechanical properties difficult. In particular, modeling the polycrystalline texture evolution and microstructural strain response is challenging. In this paper, results are presented from a neutron diffraction study on aluminum, copper, nickel and beryllium processed by ECAP. Specific attention is given to the evolution of the bulk texture after one pass and the effect of the initial texture. The neutrons probed volumes on the order of cubic centimeters and therefore provided texture and strain information averaged over the bulk of the sample. The results are discussed in the context of a visco-plastic self-consistent model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Vogel, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Xu, Cheng/D-5112-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 2661 EP 2666 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400427 ER PT S AU Mangan, MA Browning, JF Majoweski, J AF Mangan, MA Browning, JF Majoweski, J BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Isotopic exchange between gaseous hydrogen and scandium dideuteride thin films SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE thin films; scandium hydride; neutron scattering; and neutron reflectivity AB As part of a study to understand the long-term storage effects on scandium hydride thin films, an experiment has been conducted in which scandium dideuteride thin films were exposed to a hydrogen environment for various periods of time at ambient temperature. The resulting films were analysed using neutron reflectivity using the Surface Profile Analysis Reflectometer (SPEAR) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Using neutron reflectivity and taking advantage of the large difference in the neutron scattering lengths of hydrogen and deuterium, the resulting changes in the film composition due to isotopic exchange and diffusion were observed as a function of the film depth. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0871, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Browning, James/C-9841-2016 OI Browning, James/0000-0001-8379-259X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3391 EP 3396 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400546 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Adams, DP Medlin, D Headley, T Yang, N AF Moody, NR Adams, DP Medlin, D Headley, T Yang, N BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Processing effects on structure-property relationships in sputter deposited thin gold films SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE gold films; nanoindentation; film structure; delamination; interfacial fracture energy ID ADHESION; ENERGY; DELAMINATION; MECHANICS; INTERFACE; METALLIZATION; INDENTATION; RESISTANCE; FRACTURE AB Interface structure and composition are critical factors in controlling the reliability of microcircuits with multilayer thin films and dissimilar material interconnects. The films have nanoscale structures and properties that vary markedly with changes in processing. In this paper we determine the effects of processing on structure-property relationships in gold films produced using two substrate preparation and deposition procedures. One procedure employed etchant cleaning and low power sputter deposition while the other employed a backsputter clean and high power sputter deposition. These two procedures created films with dramatically different structures, mechanical properties, and interfacial fracture resistance. When combined with fracture models, the results quantitatively define the relationship between processing, structure, and properties in these films. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3403 EP 3408 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400548 ER PT S AU Goudeau, P Villain, P Tamura, N Renault, PO Badawi, KF Padmore, HA AF Goudeau, P Villain, P Tamura, N Renault, PO Badawi, KF Padmore, HA BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Elastic properties of supported polycrystalline thin films and multilayers: an X-ray diffraction study SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE X-ray diffraction; residual stresses; elastic constants; microstructure; thin films; multilayers ID SUPERLATTICES; CONSTANTS AB Numerous experimental and theoretical studies have shown that thin film elastic behavior may be different from the bulk one due to size effects related to grain boundaries, free surfaces and interfaces. In addition, thin films often present high compressive residual stresses which may be responsible of thin film buckling. These two features will be discussed in this communication through recent x-ray diffraction experiments: in situ tensile testing for elastic constant analysis and scanning x-ray micro diffraction for stress relaxation measurements associated with film buckling. C1 Univ Poitiers, CNRS, UMR 6630, Met Phys Lab, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goudeau, P (reprint author), Univ Poitiers, CNRS, UMR 6630, Met Phys Lab, SP2M1,Bvd Marie & Pierre Curie,BP 30179, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. OI renault, pierre olivier/0000-0002-0736-2333 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3409 EP 3414 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400549 ER PT S AU de la Figuera, J Schmid, AK Pohl, K Bartelt, NC Carter, CB Hwang, RQ AF de la Figuera, J Schmid, AK Pohl, K Bartelt, NC Carter, CB Hwang, RQ BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Glide and climb of dislocations in ultra-thin metal films SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE surface defects; misfit dislocations; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface diffusion ID RECONSTRUCTION; PT(111); SURFACE; GROWTH AB Near-surface misfit dislocations can be directly observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy through the distortion on the positions of the atoms of the surface layer. In this way, the behavior of misfit dislocations can be followed in detail. Experiments performed in monolayer films of Cu on Ru(0001) show both climb and glide of the misfit dislocations with atomic resolution. The motion of the dislocations represents a novel pathway for surface diffusion in ultra-thin films. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP de la Figuera, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012; Carter, C. Barry/E-6478-2010; de la Figuera, Juan/E-7046-2010 OI Carter, C. Barry/0000-0003-4251-9102; de la Figuera, Juan/0000-0002-7014-4777 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3421 EP 3426 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400551 ER PT S AU Majta, J Bator, A Bunsch, A Zurek, AK AF Majta, J Bator, A Bunsch, A Zurek, AK BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI The texture development in the Nb-microalloyed steels as an effect of intercritical rolling SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE texture; metal forming; microstructural characterization; microalloyed steel AB Thermomechanical processing strongly affects the microstructure components and the resultant mechanical properties of final product. In the case of intercritical rolling, the possible texture development can be used as an additional factor that reflects the materials behavior. Therefore, the influence of the process parameters on the evolution of texture has been analyzed. The phenomena that have been taken into account are deformation temperature, strain rate and amount of accumulated strain. As an example, the niobium-microalloyed steel was investigated. The texture index is employed in present work as a quantitative value describing the intensity of the texture. It is concluded that the principle reason for increasing texture index in ferrite is inherent texture of hardened or recrystallized austenite at higher deformation temperatures, and in the case of rolling in the two-phase region the inherent texture, strengthened by the deformation texture. The obtained results establish a methodology for the possible development of structural steels with both controlled microstructure and texture. C1 Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Majta, J (reprint author), Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3709 EP 3714 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400598 ER PT S AU Kazanowski, P Misiolek, WZ Sikka, VK AF Kazanowski, P Misiolek, WZ Sikka, VK BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Analysis of the influence of the initial billet geometry and die design on the product geometry during bi-material tube extrusion SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE bi-material tube; extrusion; die design; billet design; physical modeling; FEM AB The presented results are an outcome of ongoing research on optimization of the bi-material tube extrusion process. Both physical and numerical modeling techniques have been used in this study. Application of the finite element method. (FEM) to extrusion operations has proved to be an effective tool for process analysis and optimization. The influence-of die design and initial billet geometry on metal flow in tube extrusion with a mandrel is the focus of the performed research. Process parameters such as die design and billet geometry. can be optimized individually but the combined effect is much more pronounced. Initial billet geometry was optimized with the special focus on the ratio of the inner material thickness to the outer material thickness within the extrusion billet. The visioplasticity technique was used for physical modeling and the numerical modeling was performed using the Finite Element Method DEFORM(TM) package. Obtained experimental results confirmed the influence of the initial bi-material billet geometry and die design on the geometrical stability of the extrudate cross-section. The proposed process modifications resulted in improved process yield. The experimental results obtained in physical modeling experiments are in a very good agreement with the results of the numerical simulation. C1 Lehigh Univ, Inst Met Forming, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kazanowski, P (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Inst Met Forming, 5 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3795 EP 3800 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400612 ER PT S AU Lim, K Manohar, PA Lee, D Yoo, YC Cady, CM Gray, GT Rollet, AD AF Lim, K Manohar, PA Lee, D Yoo, YC Cady, CM Gray, GT Rollet, AD BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Constitutive modeling of high temperature mechanical Behavior of a medium C-Mnsteel SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE mathematical modeling; constitutive equations; torsion test; Hopkinson-Bar test ID METADYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION AB High temperature thermomechanical processes (TMP) such as rod, bar and wire rolling operate under a wide range of strain rates (0.4 - 3000 s(-1)) and interpass times (0.0015 - 2 s). The design and optimization of TMP sequence in these processes depend crucially on the characteristics of deformation and restoration behavior of austenite under prevailing operating conditions. In the present work, the stress - strain behavior of a C-Mn steel is explored under controlled deformation conditions both under low strain rate torsion tests and high strain rate Hopkinson-bar tests. Constitutive equations that describe the relationships between temperature-compensated strain rate and peak stress and peak strain are derived for both strain rate regimes. It is found that a constitutive equation with a hyperbolic sine law gives the best fit at low strain rates, as expected. However, at high strain rates, a power law showed a better correlation between experimental and predicted peak stress and peak strain rather than the conventional hyperbolic sine law. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. POSCO, Tech Res Lab, Plate & Rod Res Grp, Pohang, South Korea. Inha Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Inchon 402751, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lim, K (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3903 EP 3908 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400630 ER PT S AU Cargill, GS Moyer, L Yang, W Larson, BC Ice, GE AF Cargill, GS Moyer, L Yang, W Larson, BC Ice, GE BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI X-ray microbeam strain measurements in polycrystalline films SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE x-ray; microbeam; residual strain; electromigration ID MICRODIFFRACTION; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; TEXTURE AB Two approaches to x-ray microbeam diffraction measurements in polycrystalline films are described: white beam measurements with an energy dispersive detector, which are suitable when grain sizes are much smaller than the x-ray beam size, and white and scanned energy x-ray diffraction measurements with a CCD detector, which are suitable when grain sizes are larger than or on the same order as the x-ray beam size. The former approach gives spatially resolved strain measurements which average over many grains, and the latter approach provides maps of grain orientations and triaxial strains on a grain by grain basis. Examples are shown for polycrystalline Al and Cu films. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18018 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cargill, GS (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18018 USA. RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3945 EP 3950 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400637 ER PT S AU Vitek, JM Babu, SS David, SA Park, JW AF Vitek, JM Babu, SS David, SA Park, JW BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Microstructure development in single crystal welds SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE welding; single crystals; nickel superalloys; stray grains; constitutional supercooling ID ELECTRON-BEAM WELDS; SOLIDIFICATION AB Welding of single crystal nickel-based superalloys leads to excessive stray grain formation as well as cracking associated with stray grain boundaries. This paper examines the microstructure development in both model alloys and commercial alloys and progress in terms of modeling the dendritic growth pattern produced in these alloys. The tendency to form stray grains is also studied, and recent experimental work that supports the principal of constitutional supercooling as the underlying mechanism for stray grain formation is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 4123 EP 4128 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400666 ER PT S AU Supatarawanich, V Johnson, DR Dayananda, MA Liu, CT AF Supatarawanich, V Johnson, DR Dayananda, MA Liu, CT BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Processing and properties of multiphase Mo-Si-B alloys SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE Mo5SiB2; Mo3Si; Mo; powder processing ID ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; INTERMETALLICS AB Four different Mo-Si-B alloys consisting of Mo, Mo5SiB2, and Mo3Si were produced by hot pressing different Mo5Si3, Mo, B powder blends at 1600degreesC. The volume fraction of the metal phase was varied between 20 and 78 vol.%. The consequences of changes in phase fractions and microstructure are discussed in terms of the room temperature fracture toughness and the oxidation resistance at 1300degreesC. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Supatarawanich, V (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, 501 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 4301 EP 4306 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400695 ER PT S AU Morris, JW Clatterbuck, DM Chrzan, DC Krenn, CR Luo, W Cohen, ML AF Morris, JW Clatterbuck, DM Chrzan, DC Krenn, CR Luo, W Cohen, ML BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Elastic stability and the limits of strength SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE ideal strength; elastic stability; ductility; first principles computations ID SHEAR-STRENGTH; IDEAL; CRYSTALS; METALS; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM; TUNGSTEN; COPPER AB The upper limit of strength (the "theoretical strength") has been an active subject of research and speculation for the better part of a century. The subject has recently become important, for two reasons. First, given recent advances in ab initio techniques and computing machines, the limits of strength can be calculated with considerable accuracy, making this one of the very few problems in mechanical behavior that can actually be solved. Second, given recent advances in materials engineering, the limits of strength are being approached in some systems, such as hardened or defect-free films, and their relevance is becoming recognized in others. The present paper discusses some interesting results from recent research on the limits of strength, with an intermixture of speculations based on those results. Topics include the inherent nature of [100 1 cleavage and "pencil slip" in bcc metals, the inherent ductility of fcc metals, the anomalous properties of Al, and the possibility of measuring ideal strength with nanoindentation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Mat Sci Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwmorris@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Luo, Weidong/A-8418-2009 OI Luo, Weidong/0000-0003-3829-1547 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 4429 EP 4434 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400716 ER PT S AU George, EP Bei, H Serin, K Pharr, GM AF George, EP Bei, H Serin, K Pharr, GM BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Microstructure and thermal stability of lamellar Cr-silicides SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE Cr3Si; Cr-silicides; microstructure; thermal stability; spherodization; directional solidification; lamellar; eutectics; high-temperature materials ID EUTECTIC GROWTH; CR-CR3SI; CONVECTION AB Directional solidification of Cr-Cr3Si eutectic alloys in an optical floating zone furnace can produce well-aligned, fully lamellar microstructures, consisting of alternating lamellae of Cr3Si and a Cr-Si solid solution. The lamellar spacing was found to vary inversely with square root of growth rate, consistent with predictions of the Jackson-Hunt theory. At very low and high growth rates the lamellar structure breaks down and yields degenerate and cellular structures, respectively. Elevated temperature exposures cause the lamellar structures to spheroidize rapidly. Microalloying elements have been identified that significantly slow down the coarsening kinetics of the Cr-Cr3Si lamellae. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP George, EP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 4579 EP 4584 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400741 ER PT S AU Villa-Aleman, E AF Villa-Aleman, E BE Cramer, KE Maldague, XP TI Temperature and emissivity measurements with the Multispectral Thermal Imager satellite at Ivanpah Playa SO THERMOSENSE XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXV CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MTI satellite; emissivity; Ivanpah Playa AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is a research and development satellite sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) for accurate water surface temperature retrieval. MTI uses five thermal spectral bands to retrieve ground temperatures. The application of MTI for land-based temperature and emissivity retrieval has been limited. Savannah River Technology Center conducted several ground truth campaigns at Ivanpah Playa to measure reflectance, temperature and emissivity. The results of MTI temperature and emissivity retrievals and material identification will be discussed in context with the ground truth data. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Villa-Aleman, E (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Bldg 735A,D Wing, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4932-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5073 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.485807 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW84B UT WOS:000183318500007 ER PT S AU Miller, WO Darnell, IM Burke, MW Robbins, CL AF Miller, WO Darnell, IM Burke, MW Robbins, CL BE Cramer, KE Maldague, XP TI Defining the envelope for sonic IR: detection limits and damage limits SO THERMOSENSE XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXV CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE nondestructive evaluation; infrared imaging; heat transfer; dynamics; fatigue AB Work is presented which begins to define the envelope of applicability for the sonic IR NDE technique. Detection limits define the faintest flaw signal that can be perceived, which is a function of flaw size and depth, excitation strength and duration, and the detector limits (spatial, temporal, thermal). A unique contribution of the present work is a model to predict the dynamic frictional heating of a crack, and this is combined with a transient heat transfer analysis to define the detection limits. Damage limits consider the risk of damage to a part from the application of the dynamic excitation. Experience has shown that the dynamic excitation can damage parts, notably for brittle materials such as ceramics with existing flaws. Since sonic IR is intended to be nondestructive it is important to test parts in a manner consistent with preserving the part integrity. The evaluation of damage limits assumes that additional part damage during testing is a fatigue process that propagates existing cracks. Paris' law for fatigue damage is employed to provide an estimate of fatigue crack propagation during the dynamic forcing. Both detection limits and damage limits are combined to create an envelope of applicability for sonic IR. Further experimental effort is required to tune and validate the analytical tools presented herein. This work was per-formed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miller, WO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4932-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5073 BP 406 EP 416 DI 10.1117/12.485982 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW84B UT WOS:000183318500044 ER PT S AU Miller, WO Philips, NR Burke, MW Robbins, CL AF Miller, WO Philips, NR Burke, MW Robbins, CL BE Cramer, KE Maldague, XP TI Quantifying flaw characteristics from IR NDE data SO THERMOSENSE XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXV CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE nondestructive evaluation; infrared imaging; heat transfer; least squares; signal processing AB Work is presented which allows flaw characteristics to be quantified from the transient IR NDE signature. The goal of this effort was to accurately deter-mine the type, size and depth of flaws revealed with IR NDE, using sonic IR as the example IR NDE technique. Typically an IR NDE experiment will result in a positive qualitative indication of a flaw such as a cold or hot spot in the image, but will not provide quantitative data thereby leaving the practitioner to make educated guesses as to the source of the signal. The technique presented here relies on comparing the transient IR signature to exact heat transfer analytical results for prototypical flaws, using the flaw characteristics as unknown fitting parameters. A nonlinear least squares algorithm is used to evaluate the fitting parameters, which then provide a direct measure of the flaw characteristics that can be mapped to the imaged surface for visual reference. The method uses temperature data for the heat transfer analysis, so radiometric calibration of the IR signal is required. The method provides quantitative data with a single thermal event (e.g. acoustic pulse or flash), as compared to phase-lock techniques that require many events. The work has been tested with numerical data but remains to be validated by experimental data, and that effort is underway. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miller, WO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4932-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5073 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1117/12.485968 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW84B UT WOS:000183318500045 ER PT B AU Park, BH Ostrouchov, G Yu, GX Geist, A Gorin, A Samatova, NF AF Park, BH Ostrouchov, G Yu, GX Geist, A Gorin, A Samatova, NF BE Wu, XD Tuzhilin, A Shavlik, J TI Inference of protein-protein interactions by unlikely profile pair SO THIRD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY NOV 19-22, 2003 CL MELBOURNE, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc TCCI, IEEE Comp Soc TCPAMI ID MYOSIN; DATABASE; HOMOLOGY AB We note that a set of statistically, "unusual" protein-profile pairs in experimentally determined database of protein-protein interactions can typify protein-protein interactions, and propose a novel method called PICUPP that sifts such protein-profile pairs using a statistical simulation. It is demonstrated that unusual Pfam and InterPro profile pairs can be extracted from the DIP database using a bootstrapping approach. We particularly, illustrate that such protein-profile pairs can be used for predicting putative pairs of interacting proteins. Their prediction accuracies are around 86% and 90% when InterPro and Pfam profiles are used, respectively at 75% confidence level. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Park, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Grp, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1978-4 PY 2003 BP 735 EP 738 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BY34Z UT WOS:000188999400125 ER PT B AU Shah, M Passovets, S Kim, D Ellrott, K Wang, L Vokler, I LoCascio, P Xu, D Xu, Y AF Shah, M Passovets, S Kim, D Ellrott, K Wang, L Vokler, I LoCascio, P Xu, D Xu, Y GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A computational pipeline for protein structure prediction and analysis at genome scale SO THIRD IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING - BIBE 2003, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Symposium on BioInformatics and BioEngineering (BIBE 2003) CY MAR 10-12, 2003 CL BETHESDA, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, Wright State Univ, Informat Technol Res Inst, IEEE Neural Networks Soc ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; DATA-BANK; PROSPECT; DATABASE; DESIGN AB Traditionally, Protein 3D structures are solved using experimental techniques, like x-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). While these experimental techniques have been the main workhorse for protein structure studies in the past few decades, it is becoming increasingly apparent that they alone cannot keep up with the production rate of protein sequences. Fortunately, computational techniques for protein structure predictions have matured to such a level that they can complement the existing experimental techniques. In this paper, we present an automated pipeline for protein structure prediction. The centerpiece of the pipeline is a threading-based protein structure prediction system, called PROSPECT, which we have been developing for the past few years. The pipeline consists of seven logical phases, utilizing a dozen tools. The pipeline has been implemented to run in a heterogeneous computational environment as a client/server system with a web interface. A number of genome-scale, applications have been carried out on microbial genomes. Here we present one genome-scale application on Caenorhabditis elegans. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Shah, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1907-5 PY 2003 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1109/BIBE.2003.1188923 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Engineering GA BW44V UT WOS:000182023100001 ER PT B AU Chen, Y Joshi, T Xu, Y Xu, D AF Chen, Y Joshi, T Xu, Y Xu, D GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Towards automated derivation of biological pathways using high-throughput biological data SO THIRD IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING - BIBE 2003, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Symposium on BioInformatics and BioEngineering (BIBE 2003) CY MAR 10-12, 2003 CL BETHESDA, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, Wright State Univ, Informat Technol Res Inst, IEEE Neural Networks Soc ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EXPRESSION DATA; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION; ANNOTATION; NETWORKS; SYSTEM; GENOME; GENES AB Characterizing biological pathways at the genome scale is one of the most important and challenging tasks in the post genomic era. To address this challenge, we have developed a computational method to systematically and automatically derive partial biological pathways in yeast using high-throughput biological data, including yeast two hybrid data, protein complexes identified from mass spectroscopy, genetics interactions, and microarray gene expression data in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inputs of the method are the upstream starting protein (e.g., a sensor of a signal) and the downstream terminal protein (e.g., a transcriptional factor that induces genes to respond the signal); the output of the method is the protein interaction chain between the two proteins. The high-throughput data are coded into a graph of interaction network, where each node represents a protein. The weight of an edge between two nodes models the "closeness" of the two represented proteins in the interaction network and it is defined by a rule-based formula according to the high-throughput data and modified by the protein function classification and subcellular localization information. The protein interaction cascade pathway in vivo is predicted as the shortest path identified from the graph of the interaction network using Dijkstra's algorithm. We have also developed a web server of this method (http://compbio.ornl.gov/structure/pathway) for public use. To our knowledge, our method is the first automated method to generally construct partial biological pathways using a suite of high-throughput biological data. This work demonstrates the proof of principle using computational approaches for discoveries of biological pathways with high-throughput data and biological annotation data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Prot Informat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Xu, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Prot Informat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1907-5 PY 2003 BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Engineering GA BW44V UT WOS:000182023100003 ER PT B AU Jarman, KD Cannon, WR Jarman, KH Heredia-Langner, A AF Jarman, KD Cannon, WR Jarman, KH Heredia-Langner, A GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A model of random sequences for de novo peptide sequencing SO THIRD IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING - BIBE 2003, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Symposium on BioInformatics and BioEngineering (BIBE 2003) CY MAR 10-12, 2003 CL BETHESDA, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, Wright State Univ, Informat Technol Res Inst, IEEE Neural Networks Soc ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALGORITHM; DATABASE AB We present a model for the probability of random sequences appearing in product ion spectra obtained from tandem mass spectrometry experiments using collision-induced dissociation. We demonstrate the use of these probabilities for ranking candidate peptide sequences obtained using a de novo algorithm. Sequence candidates are obtained from a spectrum graph that is greatly reduced in size from those in previous graphtheoretical de novo approaches. Evidence of multiple instances of subsequences of each candidate, due to different fragment ion type series as well as isotopic peaks, is incorporated in a hierarchical scoring scheme. This approach is shown to be useful for confirming results from database search and as a first step towards a statistically rigorous de novo algorithm. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarman, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011; Cannon, William/K-8411-2014 OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212; Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1907-5 PY 2003 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1109/BIBE.2003.1188948 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Engineering GA BW44V UT WOS:000182023100026 ER PT S AU Fernandez-Gonzalez, R Deschamps, T Idica, A Malladi, R de Solorzano, CO AF Fernandez-Gonzalez, R Deschamps, T Idica, A Malladi, R de Solorzano, CO BE Conchello, JA Cogswell, CJ Wilson, T TI Automatic segmentation of histological structures in normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissue sections SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL MICROSCOPY: IMAGE ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on 3-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing X CY JAN 28-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE 3D reconstruction; background correction; brightness gradient; fast marching method; level set method AB In this paper we present a scheme for real time segmentation of histological structures in microscopic images of normal and neoplastic mammary gland sections. Paraffin embedded or frozen tissue blocks are sliced, and sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The sections are then imaged using conventional bright field microscopy. The background of the images is corrected by arithmetic manipulation using a "phantom". Then we use the fast marching method with a speed function that depends on the brightness gradient of the imageto obtain a preliminary approximation to the boundaries of the structures of interest within a region of interest (ROI) of the entire section manually selected b the user. We use the result of the fast marching method as the initial condition for the level set motion equation. We run this last method for a few steps and obtain the final result of the segmentation. These results can be connected from section to section to build a three-dimensional reconstruction of the entire tissue block that we are stud ing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fernandez-Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/F-6145-2012 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205; NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4764-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4964 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.477996 PG 12 WC Microscopy; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Microscopy; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX17E UT WOS:000184498400016 ER PT S AU Liddle, JA Gallatin, GM Ocola, LE AF Liddle, JA Gallatin, GM Ocola, LE BE Orlando, TM Merhari, L Taylor, DP Ikuta, K TI Resist requirements and limitations for nanoscale electron-beam patterning SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL NANOENGINEERED ASSEMBLIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Three-Dimensional Nanoengineered Assemblies CY DEC 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP USA, Off Res, USAF, Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; X-RAY; LITHOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; IMAGE BLUR; SCALPEL; LIMITS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; IRRADIATION; RESOLUTION; RADIATION AB Electron beam lithography still represents the most effective way to pattern materials at the nanoscale, especially in the case of structures, which are not indefinitely repeating a simple motif. The success of e-beam lithography depends on the availability of suitable resists. There is a substantial variety of resist materials, from PMMA to calixarenes, to choose from to achieve high resolution in electron-beam lithography. However, these materials suffer from the limitation of poor sensitivity and poor contrast. In both direct-write and projection e-beam systems the maximum beam current for a given resolution is limited by space-charge effects. In order to make the most efficient use of the available current, the resist must be as sensitive as possible. This leads, naturally, to the use of chemically amplified (CA) systems. Unfortunately, in the quest for ever smaller feature sizes and higher throughputs, even chemically amplified materials are limited: ultimately, sensitivity and resolution are not independent. Current resists already operate in the regime of < 1 electron/mm(2). In this situation detailed models are the only way to understand material performance and limits. Resist requirements, including sensitivity, etch selectivity, environmental stability, outgassing, and line-edge roughness as they pertain to, high-voltage (100 kV) direct write and projection electron-beam exposure systems are described. Experimental results obtained on CA resists in the SCALPEL(R) exposure system are presented and the fundamental sensitivity limits of CA and conventional materials in terms of shot-noise and resolution limits in terms of electron-beam solid interactions are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-676-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 739 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX10V UT WOS:000184304600003 ER PT S AU Meunier, V Nardelli, MB Shelton, N Roland, C Bernhole, J Zacharia, T AF Meunier, V Nardelli, MB Shelton, N Roland, C Bernhole, J Zacharia, T BE Orlando, TM Merhari, L Taylor, DP Ikuta, K TI Field emission properties of BN/C and BN@C hybrid nanotubes SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL NANOENGINEERED ASSEMBLIES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Three-Dimensional Nanoengineered Assemblies CY DEC 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP USA, Off Res, USAF, Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; CARBON NANOTUBES; HETEROJUNCTIONS AB Our simulations predict that boron-nitride (BN) doping in carbon nanotubes can -reatly improve the field emission properties of these systems. The intrinsic electric field associated with the polarity of the B-N bond enhances the emitted current density through a reduction of the work function at the tip. Using a combination of real-space and plane-wave ab initio methods, we show that this effect is present in both coaxial (BN@C) and linear (BN/C) nanotubular assemblies. While in the coaxial geometry the improvement amounts to a factor of five, the current density is predicted to increase by up to two orders of magnitude in BN/C superlattices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meunier, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-676-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 739 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX10V UT WOS:000184304600025 ER PT B AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL BE Fukui, M Sugiyama, Y Schreckenberg, M Wolf, DE TI Kinetic theory of traffic flows SO TRAFFIC AND GRANULAR FLOW'01 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Traffic and Granular Flow CY OCT 15-17, 2001 CL NAGOYA UNIV, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP DaimlerChrysler AG, Ford Motor Co, Nagioya Univ, Ctr Integrated Res Sci & Engn, Daiko Fdn HO NAGOYA UNIV ID DIMENSIONAL IDEAL-GAS; BALLISTIC-ANNIHILATION; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; JAMMING TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PLATOON FORMATION; PARTICLE-SYSTEMS; EXCLUSION MODELS; STEADY-STATES; RANDOM RATES AB We describe traffic flows in one lane roadways using a kinetic theory, with special emphasis on the role of quenched randomness in the velocity distributions. When passing is forbidden, growing clusters are formed behind slow cars and the cluster velocity distribution is governed by an exact Boltzmann equation which is linear and has an infinite memory. The distributions of the cluster size and the cluster velocity exhibit scaling behaviors, with exponents dominated solely by extremal characteristics of the intrinsic velocity distribution. When passing is allowed, the system approaches a steady state, whose nature is determined by a single dimensionless number, the ratio of the passing time to the collision time, the two time scales in the problem. The flow exhibits two regimes, a laminar flow regime, and a congested regime where large slow clusters dominate the flow. A phase transition separates these two regimes when only the next-to-leading car can pass. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-40255-1 PY 2003 BP 155 EP 168 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics; Transportation GA BX87Y UT WOS:000186709700015 ER PT J AU Wenzel, T Ross, M AF Wenzel, T Ross, M TI Comment on "Statistical modelling of vehicle emissions from inspection/maintenance testing data: an explanatory analysis" SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wenzel, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mailstop 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1361-9209 J9 TRANSPORT RES D-TR E JI Transport. Res. Part D-Transport. Environ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 8 IS 1 BP 69 EP 71 AR PII S1361-9209(02)00009-3 DI 10.1016/S1361-9209(02)00009-3 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 654LZ UT WOS:000181499500006 ER PT S AU Xu, JH Hancock, KL Southworth, F AF Xu, JH Hancock, KL Southworth, F GP TRB TI Simulation of regional freight movement with trade and transportation multinetworks SO TRAVELER BEHAVIOR AND VALUES 2003: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB A simulation model called Trade and Transportation Multinetworks (TTMNet), constructed for the purpose of studying the effects of highly developed information technologies and logistic strategies (e.g., electronic commerce and real-time information) on freight transportation, is described. TTMNet is formulated as a multilevel product supply chain system that integrates the financial, informational, logistical, and physical aspects of transportation networks and allows interactions between each of these networks. Several simulators, including a freight traffic simulator, a supply chain decision-making simulator, and a pseudo-real-time information simulator, are involved. The freight traffic simulation is the focus of the present study. As part of this simulator, a learning model is set up to help decision makers estimate transportation costs on the basis of past experiences. Given the stochastic nature of these transportation costs and of the freight demands simulated by the system, the route for an origin-destination shipment may not remain optimal during a trip and may change along the way. A vehicle redirection procedure that handles this is presented. A numerical example is designed to compare a set of freight movements under two scenarios, one supported by and the other not supported by pseudo-real-time information on traffic conditions. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, JH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 216 Marston Hall,Box 35205, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08590-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1854 BP 152 EP 161 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Transportation GA BY66E UT WOS:000189432900017 ER PT J AU Wiley, HS Shvartsman, SY Lauffenburger, DA AF Wiley, HS Shvartsman, SY Lauffenburger, DA TI Computational modeling of the EGF-receptor system: a paradigm for systems biology SO TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; LIGAND-INDUCED INTERNALIZATION; TYROSINE KINASE-ACTIVITY; STEADY-STATE MODEL; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; CARCINOMA-CELLS; DOWN-REGULATION AB Computational models have rarely been used as tools by biologists but, when models provide experimentally testable predictions, they can be extremely useful. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is probably the best-understood receptor system, and computational models have played a significant part in its elucidation. For many years, models have been used to analyze EGFR dynamics and to interpret mutational studies, and are now being used to understand processes including signal transduction, autocrine loops and developmental patterning. The success of EGFR modeling can be a guide to combining models and experiments productively to understand complex biological processes as integrated systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst Integrat Genom, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Biol Engn Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wiley, HS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 NR 66 TC 212 Z9 220 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0962-8924 J9 TRENDS CELL BIOL JI Trends Cell Biol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 AR PII S0962-8924(02)00009-0 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 630EU UT WOS:000180095200008 PM 12480339 ER PT B AU Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Wong, J Babu, SS Vitek, JM AF Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Wong, J Babu, SS Vitek, JM BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Investigation of the kinetics of the ferrite/austenite phase transformation in the HAZ of a 2205 duplex stainless steel weldment SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; ARC WELDS; EVOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURES; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; MACRO AB A semi-quantitative map based on a series of spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (SRXRD) scans shows the progression of the ferrite (delta)/austenite (gamma) phase balance throughout the HAZ during GTA welding of a 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS). This map shows a decrease in the ferrite volume fraction on heating, followed by a recovery to the original value on cooling at locations within the HAZ where no transformation is expected. Even though such behavior is supported by thermodynamic calculations, it has neither been confirmed by experimental methods nor have the transformation kinetics been evaluated over the time scales present during welding. Both Gleeble thermal simulations and time resolved x-ray diffraction (TRXRD) measurements on spot welds in the 2205 DSS have been performed, and both provide additional evidence for this transformation. In addition to the experimental work, calculations using both ortho-equilibrium and para-equilibrium interface conditions have been made to help explain this phase transformation. Only the para-equilibrium calculations have predicted the observed transformation on the same time scale as the SRXRD observations. Work is continuing in this area in order to determine the dominant mechanism of this phase transformation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Palmer, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700004 ER PT B AU Vitek, JM David, SA AF Vitek, JM David, SA BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Improved models for predicting ferrite content in stainless steel welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; NUMBER PREDICTION; SOLIDIFICATION; ALLOYS; METAL AB As-welded ferrite content in stainless steels has a strong influence on weld properties. In addition, it can be used as an indicator of the solidification mode during welding. In the last 60 years, constitution diagrams have been used to predict ferrite content as a function of weld composition. Over the years these constitution diagrams have been improved but the basic approach used in the diagrams has not changed. Ferrite level is predicted as a function of chromium and nickel equivalent factors, which are determined by taking a weighted sum of specific alloying additions. These diagrams have been found to be very useful, but they are subject to important limitations. More recently, a new approach using artificial neural networks for predicting ferrite content in welds has been proposed. This approach has the advantage that complex interactions among alloying additions can easily be taken into account. This paper describes two such models that have been developed. The first predicts Ferrite Number (FN) as a function of composition only. This model is far more accurate than constitution diagrams in predicting FN over a wide composition range. A second neural network model has been developed more recently. This model quantitatively considers the influence of cooling rate and welding conditions on FN for the first time, an effect that is particularly important for laser welding, high speed welding, and welding of duplex stainless steels. The paper concludes with remarks on future directions for improvement in predictive models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700014 ER PT B AU Wong, J AF Wong, J BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Phase distribution and transformation dynamics in fusion welds using in-situ synchrotron diffraction methods SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; ARC WELDS; EVOLUTION; TI AB Novel site-specific and fast diffraction techniques utilizing intense ynchrotron radiation have recently been employed to map the phases and their solid-state transformation in the heat-affected zone in a number of fusion welds in-situ during the welding process. These in-situ probes yield kinetics and microstructural evolution data not previously obtained with conventional post-mortem methods. Thus far, the synchrotron data provide not only some of the crucial experimental information for understanding the phase dynamics and microstructural development in fusion welds, but also realistic inputs for simulations as well as validating various kinetic models of phase transformation in welding metallurgy. The experimental progress to date will be reviewed in this paper. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wong, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700027 ER PT B AU Babu, SS David, SA Miller, MK AF Babu, SS David, SA Miller, MK BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Advanced characterization techniques for weld microstructures SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; ATOM-PROBE; DIFFRACTION; NUCLEATION; EVOLUTION; STABILITY; AUSTENITE; BOUNDARY C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 164 EP 168 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700028 ER PT B AU Babu, SS Elmer, JW David, SA Quintana, M AF Babu, SS Elmer, JW David, SA Quintana, M BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Nonequilibrium solidification in Fe-C-Al-Mn steel welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; DELTA-TRANSITION; GAMMA-TRANSITION; LASER TREATMENT; NI ALLOYS; PHASE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700029 ER PT B AU Elmer, JW Wong, J Ressler, T Palmer, TA AF Elmer, JW Wong, J Ressler, T Palmer, TA BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Mapping phase transformations in the heat-affected-zone of carbon manganese steel welds using. spatially resolved x-ray diffraction SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID FUSION WELDS; ARC WELDS; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; DIAGRAMS; MACRO AB Spatially Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (SRXRD) was used to investigate phase transformations that occur in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of gas tungsten arc (GTA) welds in AISI 1005 carbon-manganese steel. In situ SRXRD experiments performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) probed the phases present in the HAZ during welding, and these real-time observations of the HAZ phases were used to construct a map of the phase transformations occurring in the HAZ This map identified 5 principal phase regions between the liquid weld pool and the unaffected base metal. Regions of annealing, recrystallization, partial transformation and complete transformation to alpha-Fe, gamma-Fe, and delta-Fe phases were identified using SRXRD, and the experimental results were combined with a heat flow model of the weld and thermodynamic calculations to compare these results with the important phase transformation isotherms. From the resulting phase transformation map, the kinetics of phase transformations that occur under the highly non-isothermal heating and cooling cycles produced during welding of steels can be better understood and modeled. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700030 ER PT B AU Tolle, CR Laviolette, RA Smartt, HB Kenney, KL Pace, DP James, JW Watkins, AD Wood, T Stoner, DL AF Tolle, CR Laviolette, RA Smartt, HB Kenney, KL Pace, DP James, JW Watkins, AD Wood, T Stoner, DL BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Is. there evidence of determinism in droplet detachment within the gas metal arc welding process? SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int DE GMAW; Windowed Fourier Analysis; ApEn; determinism ID TIME-SERIES AB For many years, the welding community has assumed that the detachment events within Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process are stochastically driven. With this in mind, we set out to better understand these mechanisms and what might drive the detachment events. Through the investigation of 6061-Aluminum GMAW, a number of new insights into globular, and spray transfer modes have been found. By using windowed Fourier transform analysis, akin to Wavelet Analysis, we present evidence that the GMAW process undergoes a shift from the globular mode fundamental frequency to its secondary harmonic frequency as the GMAW process shifts from globular to spray mode transfer. This breakdown and shift from primary to secondary fundamental frequencies and its reverse are shown to occur often within the transition-welding mode in aluminum GMAW. Furthermore, there is partial evidence that this shift of fundamental frequency modes from secondary to the third fundamental frequency continues with the transition from the spray to streaming transfer. The evidence for determinism as the driving force behind GMAW detachments is strengthened through chaotic systems analysis, e.g. surrogate testing using ApEn statistics. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tolle, CR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 380 EP 385 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700067 ER PT B AU Watkins, AD Mizia, RE AF Watkins, AD Mizia, RE BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Optimizing long-term stainless steel closure weld integrity in DOE standard spent nuclear canisters SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int DE Remote GTAW; 316L stainless steel; HAZ time temperature histories; and corrosion rate AB The National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program (NSNFP) provides direct support to the Department of Energy (DOE) to coordinate and integrate the actions of DOE sites for disposal of their spent nuclear fuel (SNF). As part of this effort, the NSNFP developed standardized DOE SNF canisters for handling and interim storage of SNF at various DOE sites as well as SNF transport to and SNF handling and disposal at the repository. Final closure welding of the standardized canister must be performed after loading of the SNF into canisters and remotely in a hot cell. Because the container will be part of an interim storage, transport, and final disposal system during their useful lifetime, it is the intent to have the vessels designed and built to American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Section 111, Division 3, requirements. The final closure weld must not only meet these requirements but must also have corrosion integrity to meet a design life of up to 100 years. This paper describes efforts to develop remote welding and nondestructive examination equipment that insures the closure welds on DOE standardized canisters meet ASME Code and long term integrity requirements. Descriptions of heat affect zone time at temperature determinations will be discussed. Welding effects on the canister materials will also be discussed in terms of welding parametric and corrosion studies. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Watkins, AD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 424 EP 429 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700075 ER PT B AU Pace, DP Kenney, KL Galiher, DL AF Pace, DP Kenney, KL Galiher, DL BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Laser assisted arc welding of ultra high strength steels SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Pace, DP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 442 EP 447 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700078 ER PT B AU Hall, A Roach, A AF Hall, A Roach, A BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Laser spot welding: Computer model validation using high-speed, high-magnification video measurements of solidification velocities SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB Laser spot. welding is a common technique for joining small components that require precise fit-up and small distortion after joining. Finite element models of the laser spot welding process are being developed so that more effective welds can be made. The models being developed use an arbitrary Lagrangian/Eulerian finite element method to predict the formation of the keyhole and the solidification velocities in the laser spot weld. These velocity predictions evolve from the recoil pressure caused by rapid evaporation from the high temperature molten surface and the thermal boundary conditions. The recoil pressure is used as a boundary condition to determine the deformation of the free surface of the molten pool. High-speed, high-magnification video microscopy experiments have been used to measure solidification velocities in actual laser spot welds. The welding modes filmed in this study are limited to welds with no keyhole formation. Solidification velocity data were extracted from video clips using computerized image analysis software. This data were compared to computer model predictions of solidification velocity. This comparison allowed for validation of the fluid and thermal boundary conditions used in the finite element model. Visualization and data extraction techniques will be discussed. Experimental data and predicted solidification velocities will be compared and discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hall, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700084 ER PT B AU Knorovsky, GA Semak, VV MacCallum, DO AF Knorovsky, GA Semak, VV MacCallum, DO BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Laser micro-welding: How low can we go? SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY; KEYHOLE AB Lasers are employed to weld materials of thickness ranging from <1mm to several cm. Recent emphasis has been to increase thickness limits. However, Moore's Law, and the rapid growth of MEMS and nanotechnologies suggests that we should examine the small end of the spectrum. Lasers routinely weld objects down to 0.1 mm thickness. What about smaller yet? Consider a spot weld in Ni of characteristic dimension 0.1 mm. It requires similar to10 mJ of absorbed energy to form. To achieve maximum efficiency, the thermal diffusion distance during the laser pulse must be comparable (similar to2x) to the characteristic dimension. An estimate of the pulse time from diffusion theory gives similar to0.5 ms. Since perfect energy absorption isn't possible, the 10 mJ of energy input must be increased by a factor of 2-5. Thus the weld requires 20-50 mJ in 0.5 ms, or a power of 40-100 W. The beam size can be no larger than the characteristic dimension, so intensity must be > 4-10 kW/mm(2). This is right at the drilling threshold. Since intensity is inversely related to the characteristic dimension, the problem gets worse as size decreases. We shall examine this paradox, with particular emphasis on what sets the drilling threshold as a function of size. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knorovsky, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 506 EP 511 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700089 ER PT B AU Cola, MJ Hochanadel, PW Lewis, GK Lao, K Vargas, VD Kelly, AM AF Cola, MJ Hochanadel, PW Lewis, GK Lao, K Vargas, VD Kelly, AM BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Hot ductility testing of laser deposited alloy 690 - Initial studies SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB The heat affected zone (HAZ) cracking susceptibility of laser deposited Alloy 690 (A690) was evaluated using hot ductility testing. The behavior of laser deposited material was found to exhibit lower elevated temperature ductility, greater susceptibility to heat affected zone cracking and poor ductility recovery when compared with wrought Alloy 690 plate and Filler Metal 52 (FM52) buildups. However, a ductility dip typical of other Ni-Cr-Fe alloys was conspicuously absent. The weldability degradation of laser deposited A690 is primarily due to interlayer microporosity that strongly influences properties of such buildups. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cola, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 591 EP 596 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700103 ER PT B AU Robino, CV Michael, JR Stephens, JJ DuPont, JN Williams, DB AF Robino, CV Michael, JR Stephens, JJ DuPont, JN Williams, DB BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Solidification and weldability of gadolinium-containing nickel-based alloys SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID METALLURGY AB The solidification and weldability of a Gd-containing Ni-Cr-Mo alloy has been evaluated through microstructural analyses, differential thermal analysis, hot ductility testing, welding trials, and Varestraint testing. Solidification initiates with the formation of primary Ni austenite and terminates by the formation of a secondary eutectic-like constituent consisting of austenite and a phase based on the GdNi5 intermetallic compound. The solidification temperature range is on the order of 110 to 130degreesC, and although the volume fraction of terminal constituents is higher, is similar to conventional corrosion resistant Ni-based alloys. Hot ductility measurements indicate that the elevated temperature ductility is generally adequate for rolling of plate, and is commensurate, with other alloys with appreciable secondary constituent levels. Autogenous electron beam and gas-tungsten arc welds and Varestraint testing indicate that hot cracking resistance and fabrication weldability are generally acceptable. The results indicate that primary and secondary processing of these unique alloys is feasible, and that further development of the alloys is warranted. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robino, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 627 EP 632 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700109 ER PT B AU Santella, ML Swindeman, RW Reed, RW Tanzosh, JM AF Santella, ML Swindeman, RW Reed, RW Tanzosh, JM BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Martensite transformation, microsegregation, and creep strength of 9 Cr-1Mo-V steel weld metal SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB The 9Cr-1Mo-V (P91) steel is a high strength alloy that normally transforms completely to martensite during air cooling. This means that issues related to the handling of weldments during welding operations, and between the completion of welding and post weld heat treatments are important concerns. Measurements of specimen dilations during controlled thermal cycles were used to follow the martensite transformation in a P91 base metal and a weld deposit. For identical thermal cycles, the base metal transformed completely to martensite after normalizing, but the weld deposit did not. The effect of this difference in transformation behavior was that austenite was retained in the weld deposit after tempering. The retained austenite transformed to martensite upon cooling from the tempering temperature, resulting in small amounts of untempered martensite in fully heat treated weld deposit. An analysis of microsegregation by computational thermodynamics suggested that partitioning of alloying elements increased the range between the martensite transformation start and finish temperatures in the weld deposit, increasing the likelihood of retained austenite in it. Creep testing at 600degreesC and stresses of 120 MPa and 186 MPa showed that weld deposit specimens with untempered martensite had low creep rates and relatively long rupture lives. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Santella, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 713 EP 718 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700124 ER PT B AU Fuerschbach, PW Eisler, GR AF Fuerschbach, PW Eisler, GR BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Determination of material properties for welding models by means of arc weld experiments SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID EFFICIENCY AB Moving heat source solutions to the conduction heat flow equation are used to estimate the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of nine engineering alloys. A technique is developed using gas tungsten arc edge weld data that enables least square fitting of the experimental weld size and heating parameters to the 2D and 3D conduction heat flow equations. Effective values of the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity are determined. Dimensionless parameters for the 2D and 3D solutions are given that correlate well with the experimental data and the weld theory. Property estimates for several 304 stainless steel weld experiments indicate the method yields property variations with an uncertainty of 11.1%. The experimental results are intended for welding software models to enable prediction of weld effects on the production floor. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fuerschbach, PW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 782 EP 786 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700136 ER PT B AU Ice, GE Walker, FJ Larson, BC Chung, JS David, SA Ohriner, EK AF Ice, GE Walker, FJ Larson, BC Chung, JS David, SA Ohriner, EK BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Quantitative three-dimensional x-ray microprobe measurements of plastic and elastic deformation in welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int ID DIFFRACTION; MICROBEAMS; MICROSCOPE AB We describe a new tool for the study of three-dimensional distributions of chemistry, phase, orientation, strain and plastic deformation: the three-dimensional (3-D) X-ray crystal microscope. This nondestructive probe of crystallography and chemistry can be used to study structure and internal stresses hundreds of microns below the surface of a sample with spatial, elemental and crystallographic resolution that rivals or surpasses that possible with existing surface-sensitive probes. The 3-D x-ray crystal microscope is ideally suited for characterization of welds, because weld grains are typically larger than the x-ray microprobe gauge volume and. because weld microstructure is qualitatively similar along the length of the weld. Here we present some early measurements of chemistry and crystallography on weld specimens that illustrate the potential of this emerging tool. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 873 EP 877 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700151 ER PT B AU Prime, MB Hill, MR DeWald, AT Sebring, RJ Dave, VR Cola, MJ AF Prime, MB Hill, MR DeWald, AT Sebring, RJ Dave, VR Cola, MJ BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Residual stress mapping in welds using the contour method SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB Residual stresses play an important role in determining welded structure integrity and performance. In this work we present a new method for measuring a full cross-sectional map of residual stresses. In this method, the contour method, a part is cut in two using electric discharge machining (EDM). The contour of the resulting new surface, which will not be flat if residual stresses are relaxed by the cutting, is then measured. Finally, the original residual stresses are calculated from the measured contour using a. straightforward finite element model. This paper illustrates the measurement process as applied to various weldments, including several that would have been very difficult to measure using other residual stress measurement techniques. First, the contour method is validated by comparing measurements on a multi-pass Gas Tungsten Arc Welded plate to independent neutron diffraction measurements. Next, the contour method is demonstrated on plates of 37 mm thick pressure vessel steel butt-welded using Submerged-Arc Welding. The contour method is then demonstrated on dissimilar welds: stainless steel rods inertia friction (IFR) welded to aluminum rods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 891 EP 896 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700154 ER PT B AU Hartman, DA Cola, MJ Dave, VR Dozhier, NG Carpenter, RW AF Hartman, DA Cola, MJ Dave, VR Dozhier, NG Carpenter, RW BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Nondestructive, in-process inspection of inertia friction welding: An investigation into a new sensing technique SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB This paper investigates the capabilities of a new sensor for in-process monitoring of quality during friction welding. The non-contact sensor is composed of microphones that are mounted in an aluminum ring which surrounds the weld joint. The sensor collects the acoustical energy.(in the form of sound pressure) that is emitted during the plastic deformation and phase transformations (if applicable) in friction welding processes. The focus in this preliminary investigation is to search for and identify features within the acoustical emission that are indicative of bond quality. Bar-to-bar inertia friction welding (one form of friction welding) of copper to 304L stainless steel is used in this proof-of-concept study. This material combination exhibits only marginal weldability and is ideally suited for validating the capabilities of this new sensing technique. A probabilistic neural network is employed in this work to analyze the acoustical emission's frequency spectrum in an attempt to classify acceptable, conditional, and unacceptable welds. Our preliminary findings indicate that quality-based process features do exist within the frequency spectrum of the acoustical signature. The results from this analysis are presented. Future work in improving the sensing and interpretation of the data is discussed in an effort to develop a robust method of quality-based, in-process monitoring of friction welds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hartman, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 948 EP 954 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700164 ER PT B AU Smartt, HB Kenney, KL Tolle, CR AF Smartt, HB Kenney, KL Tolle, CR BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Intelligent control of modular robotic welding cell SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB Although robotic machines are routinely used for welding, such machines do not normally incorporate intelligent capabilities. We. are studying the general problem of formulating usable levels of intelligence into welding machines. From our perspective, an intelligent machine should: incorporate knowledge of the welding process, know if the process is operating correctly, know if the weld it is making is good or bad, have the ability to team from its experience to perform welds, and be able to optimize its own performance. To this end, we are researching machine architecture, methods of knowledge representation, decision making and conflict resolution algorithms, methods of learning and optimization, human/machine interfaces, and various sensors. This paper presents work on the machine architecture and the human/machine interface specifically for a robotic, gas metal arc welding cell. Although the machine control problem is normally approached from the perspective of having a central body of control in the machine, we present a design using distributed agents. This new design is loosely based on biological models of social insects. For example, in an ant colony each ant functions according to local rules of behavior [Holldobler and Wilson, 1990, see chapters 8 and 9]. There is no "king" or "queen", although the latter name has been given to the reproducing ant. Following a similar approach, we present a modular machine architecture in which each machine element has local rules of behavior but no single element understands how to make a weld. A prime goal of this work is to develop an architecture for an intelligent machine that will support a modular, plug and play standard. A secondary goal of this work is to formulate a human/machine interface that treats the human as an active agent in the modular structure. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Smartt, HB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 985 EP 990 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700170 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC Park, MS Waldo, GS Berendzen, J Hung, LW Kim, CY Smith, CV Sacchettini, JC Bellinzoni, M Bossi, R De Rossi, E Mattevi, A Milano, A Riccardi, G Rizzi, M Roberts, MM Coker, AR Fossati, G Mascagni, P Coates, ARM Wood, SP Goulding, CW Apostol, MI Anderson, DH Gill, HS Eisenberg, DS Taneja, B Mande, S Pohl, E Lamzin, V Tucker, P Wilmanns, M Colovos, C Meyer-Klaucke, W Munro, AW McLean, KJ Marshall, KR Leys, D Yang, JK Yoon, HJ Lee, BI Lee, MG Kwak, JE Han, BW Lee, JY Baek, SH Suh, SW Komen, MM Arcus, VL Baker, EN Lott, JS Jacobs, W Alber, T Rupp, B AF Terwilliger, TC Park, MS Waldo, GS Berendzen, J Hung, LW Kim, CY Smith, CV Sacchettini, JC Bellinzoni, M Bossi, R De Rossi, E Mattevi, A Milano, A Riccardi, G Rizzi, M Roberts, MM Coker, AR Fossati, G Mascagni, P Coates, ARM Wood, SP Goulding, CW Apostol, MI Anderson, DH Gill, HS Eisenberg, DS Taneja, B Mande, S Pohl, E Lamzin, V Tucker, P Wilmanns, M Colovos, C Meyer-Klaucke, W Munro, AW McLean, KJ Marshall, KR Leys, D Yang, JK Yoon, HJ Lee, BI Lee, MG Kwak, JE Han, BW Lee, JY Baek, SH Suh, SW Komen, MM Arcus, VL Baker, EN Lott, JS Jacobs, W Alber, T Rupp, B TI The TB structural genomics consortium: a resource for Mycobacterium tuberculosis biology SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Review DE protein structure; X-ray crystallography; structural genomics; mycobacterium tuberculosis; drug discovery ID FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; GROES CO-CHAPERONIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ISOCITRATE LYASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS; NAD(+) SYNTHETASE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT; RESOLUTION STRUCTURE AB The TB Structural Genomics Consortium is an organization devoted to encouraging, coordinating, and facilitating the determination and analysis of structures of proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Consortium members hope to work together with other A tuberculosis researchers to identify A tuberculosis proteins for which structural information could provide important biological information, to analyze and interpret structures of A tuberculosis proteins, and to work collaboratively to test ideas about A tuberculosis protein function that are suggested by structure or related to structural information. This review describes the TB Structural Genomics Consortium and some of the proteins for which the Consortium is in the progress of determining three-dimensional structures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Pavia, Dept Genet & Microbiol, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, London SW17 0RE, England. Univ Southampton, Sch Biol Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Southampton SO16 7PX, Hants, England. Italfarmaco Res Ctr, I-20092 Milan, Italy. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, DOE Lab Struct Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnost, Hyderabad 500076, Andhra Pradesh, India. DESY, EMBL Hamburg, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Leicester, Dept Biochem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Mol Engn, Struct Prote Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Sch Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wood, Stephen/B-1438-2009; Meyer-Klaucke, Wolfram/G-1148-2010; Mande , Shekhar/C-2136-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Pohl, Ehmke/I-2408-2012; mattevi, andrea/K-5464-2012; Suh, Se Won/H-8306-2013; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; OI Lott, Shaun/0000-0003-3660-452X; Lamzin, Victor/0000-0002-6058-7793; RICCARDI, Giovanna/0000-0003-3295-0070; Bellinzoni, Marco/0000-0002-8887-6917; Coker, Alun/0000-0001-7385-0143; Pohl, Ehmke/0000-0002-9949-4471; mattevi, andrea/0000-0002-9523-7128; Suh, Se Won/0000-0002-1768-4635; Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Wilmanns, Matthias/0000-0002-4643-5435 NR 131 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 9 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 223 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S1472-9792(03)00051-9 PG 27 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 715FB UT WOS:000184959000002 PM 12906835 ER PT S AU Ryutova, M Shine, R AF Ryutova, M Shine, R BE Erdelyi, R Petrovay, K Roberts, B Aschwanden, M TI Self-organized structures in the solar atmosphere: Theory and observations. SO TURBULENCE, WAVES AND INSTABILITIES IN THE SOLAR PLASMA SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Turbulence, Waves and Instabilities in the Solar Plasma CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP NATO ARW Program, Eotvos UnivBudapest, Dept Astron ID MAGNETIC-FLUX TUBE; TRANSITION REGION; PHOTOSPHERIC NETWORK; EXPLOSIVE EVENTS; CORONA; WAVES; SUN AB The coupling processes between the solar surface and overlying layers of atmosphere both in the quiet Sun and active regions are reviewed. Emphasis is made on the response of the corona to magnetic activity in the underlying plage regions. We discuss observations of high resolution MDI magnetograms co-aligned with multiwavelength images taken by TRACE in chromospheric and coronal lines. We show that EUV emission above plage regions dominated by single polarity magnetic elements always has an amorphous shape that topologically mimics the shape of underlying plage. Space-time slices of the amorphous emission in the coronal lines show coherent braid-like structures with almost constant periods for a given area. On the other hand, the coronal emission above mixed polarity plages is highly discrete and consists of sporadic localized microflares. Obviously, the physical processes behind the observed regularities are simply the coronal heating processes. The fact that the corona is strongly inhomogeneous in space and evolves in time in very different ways implies that the processes of energy production, flow and release have several branches. We argue that the primary energy source lies in continuous hydro-magnetic activity among the photospheric magnetic fields. The character of this activity determines the processes of the extraction of energy stored in the photospheric magnetic fields, as well as energy transport throughout the solar atmosphere. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ryutova, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ryutova1@llnl.gov; shine@lmsal.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-1659-X J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2003 VL 124 BP 323 EP 345 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BAL93 UT WOS:000222765800015 ER PT S AU Toth, C de Groot, J van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Faure, J Catravas, P Schroeder, C Shadwick, BA Esarey, E Leemans, W AF Toth, C de Groot, J van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Faure, J Catravas, P Schroeder, C Shadwick, BA Esarey, E Leemans, W BE Miller, DR Murnane, MM Scherer, NF Weiner, AM TI Evolution of pulse shapes during compressor scans in a CPA system and control of electron acceleration in plasmas SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIII SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer ID PHASE AB The skewness of the envelope function of 50-100 femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses has been controlled by appropriate choice of the higher order spectral phase coefficients, and used for optimization of a plasma wake-field electron accelerator. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, OASIS Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Toth, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, OASIS Grp, MS 71-259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-00089-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2003 VL 71 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BW56Z UT WOS:000182432900008 ER PT S AU Cavalleri, A Toth, C Siders, CW Squier, JA Raksi, F Forget, P Kieffer, JC AF Cavalleri, A Toth, C Siders, CW Squier, JA Raksi, F Forget, P Kieffer, JC BE Miller, DR Murnane, MM Scherer, NF Weiner, AM TI Femtosecond X-ray diffraction measurement of a solid-solid phase transition in VO2 SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIII SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Femtosecond x-rays were for the first time used to probe a photoinduced solid-solid phase transition in VO2. The fast timescale observed suggests that, in this regime, the structural distortion may not be thermally initiated. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cavalleri, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 2-300,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-00089-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2003 VL 71 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BW56Z UT WOS:000182432900009 ER PT S AU Glover, TE Ackermann, GD Belkacem, A Heimann, PA Hussain, Z Padmore, HA Ray, C Schoenlein, RW Steele, WF AF Glover, TE Ackermann, GD Belkacem, A Heimann, PA Hussain, Z Padmore, HA Ray, C Schoenlein, RW Steele, WF BE Miller, DR Murnane, MM Scherer, NF Weiner, AM TI Kinetics of cluster formation during femtosecond laser ablation SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIII SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer AB We report, to our knowledge, the first use of pump-probe photoemission spectroscopy to study core-level dynamics during a laser-driven phase transition. Synchrotron x-rays probe the kinetics of cluster formation during the initial moments of femtosecond laser ablation. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glover, TE (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-00089-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2003 VL 71 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BW56Z UT WOS:000182432900012 ER PT S AU Jovanovic, I Barty, CPJ AF Jovanovic, I Barty, CPJ BE Miller, DR Murnane, MM Scherer, NF Weiner, AM TI Hybrid chirped pulse amplification SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIII SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer ID AMPLIFIERS AB We present a novel chirped pulse amplification method which combines optical parametric amplification and laser amplification. We have demonstrated this hybrid CPA concept with a combination of beta-barium borate and Ti:sapphire. High-efficiency, multi-terawatt compatible amplification is achieved without gain narrowing and without electrooptic modulators using a simple commercial pump laser. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jovanovic, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-490,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-00089-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2003 VL 71 BP 125 EP 127 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BW56Z UT WOS:000182432900038 ER PT S AU Omenetto, FG Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Knight, JC Wadsworth, W Russe, PSJ Arriaga, J AF Omenetto, FG Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Knight, JC Wadsworth, W Russe, PSJ Arriaga, J BE Miller, DR Murnane, MM Scherer, NF Weiner, AM TI Nonlinear effects in microstructured fibers SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIII SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer ID OPTICAL FIBERS; MU-M; GENERATION AB A variety of nonlinear effects are observed coupling low average power femtosecond pulses (up to 25 mW) in a short length (Z=20 cm) of microstructured fiber. We describe fundamental (N=1) and higher order (N=2) soliton formation, large self-frequency shift, visible harmonic generation and polarization dependent optical bistability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Omenetto, FG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Knight, Jonathan/D-3879-2011 OI Knight, Jonathan/0000-0002-0802-8804 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-00089-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2003 VL 71 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BW56Z UT WOS:000182432900071 ER PT S AU Demsar, J Averitt, RD Kabanov, VV Tracy, LA Trugman, SA Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ AF Demsar, J Averitt, RD Kabanov, VV Tracy, LA Trugman, SA Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ BE Miller, DR Murnane, MM Scherer, NF Weiner, AM TI Carrier relaxation dynamics in heavy fermion compounds SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIII SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer ID FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON; PARTICLE; AG AB The first femtosecond carrier relaxation dynamics studies in heavy fermion compounds are presented. The carrier relaxation time shows a dramatic hundred-fold increase below the Kondo temperature revealing a dramatic sensitivity to the electronic density of states near the Fermi level. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Demsar, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-00089-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2003 VL 71 BP 319 EP 321 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BW56Z UT WOS:000182432900099 ER PT S AU Averitt, RD Demsar, J Reagor, DW Taylor, AJ Kang, WN Kim, HJ Choi, EM Lee, SI AF Averitt, RD Demsar, J Reagor, DW Taylor, AJ Kang, WN Kim, HJ Choi, EM Lee, SI BE Miller, DR Murnane, MM Scherer, NF Weiner, AM TI Far-infrared carrier dynamics in superconducting MgB2 SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIII SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer ID THIN-FILMS; PARTICLE AB We have performed optical-pump terahertz-probe measurements in transmission on MgB2 thin films in the superconducting state. The initial optical perturbation of the superconducting condensate and subsequent pair recovery display a strong fluence dependence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM raveritt@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-00089-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2003 VL 71 BP 389 EP 391 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BW56Z UT WOS:000182432900121 ER PT S AU Yarotski, DA Taylor, AJ AF Yarotski, DA Taylor, AJ BE Miller, DR Murnane, MM Scherer, NF Weiner, AM TI Demonstration of the high temporal and spatial resolution in junction-mixing ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIII SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer AB We present results of junction-mixing ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy that demonstrate a combined spatial/temporal resolution of 1 nm/13 ps, yielding nearly a factor of 3 improvement in the temporal resolution over previous results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yarotski, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Yarotski, Dmitry/G-4568-2010 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-00089-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2003 VL 71 BP 669 EP 671 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BW56Z UT WOS:000182432900206 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, CR Hackenberg, RE Shiflet, GJ AF Hutchinson, CR Hackenberg, RE Shiflet, GJ TI A comparison of EDS microanalysis in FIB-prepared and electropolished TEM thin foils SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE X-ray microanalysis; specimen preparation ID FOCUSED-ION-BEAM; SPECIMEN PREPARATION TECHNIQUE; CUTTING TECHNIQUE; MICROSCOPY; DAMAGE AB This paper reports the results of a fine-probe EDS microanalytical study of cellular precipitation in a Cu-Ti binary alloy. Compositional profiles across the solute depleted Cu-rich FCC lamellae and the Cu4Ti lamellae within isothermally formed cellular colonies were measured in a FEG-TEM from thin-foil specimens prepared by conventional electropolishing and by a technique using a Ga+ focused ion-beam (FIB). The Cliff-Lorimer ratio method, with an absorption correction, was employed to quantify the compositions. Two FIB samples were prepared with different orientations of the lamellae with respect to the ion-milling direction. The compositional profiles across the Cu-rich FCC lamellae and the Cu4Ti compound lamellae in both the FIB-prepared samples and the electropolished sample were, within experimental error, numerically equivalent. The composition of the Cu4Ti compound phase lamellae was very close to the ideal stoichiometric composition of 20 at% Ti. It is concluded that for this system, and for the specimen preparation procedures used in this study, the Ga+ ion-milling process has had no detectable effect on the chemistry changes across the interlamellar interface at the scale studied. These results indicate that the possible sources of chemical artifacts which include redeposition, preferential sputtering and ion-induced atomic migration can be minimized if several precautions are taken during milling in the FIB. Consistent with previous investigators, it was also found that the ion-milling process does introduce significant structural artifacts (e.g., dislocations) into the softer FCC Cu-rich phase compared with a specimen produced by conventional electropolishing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Thermodynam & Physicochim Met Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM gjs@virginia.edu OI Hutchinson, Christopher/0000-0003-1025-4445 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JAN PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 AR PII S0304-3991(02)00193-6 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00193-6 PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 622BL UT WOS:000179626500004 PM 12489594 ER PT S AU Yan, YF Liu, P Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, YF Liu, P Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM BE Velev, OD Bunning, TJ Xia, Y Yang, P TI Effects of doping on the growth of ZnO nanostructures SO UNCONVENTIONAL APPROACHES TO NANOSTRUCTURES WITH APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INFORMATION STORAGE AND SENSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Unconventional Approaches to Nanostructures with Applications in Electronics, Photonics, Information Storage and Sensing CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, CW Grp, Duke Sci Corp, GE, Ind Technol Res Inst, Kodak, Nanomix Inc, Nanosys ID SEMICONDUCTING OXIDES; DEPOSITION; NANOBELTS; NANOWIRES AB We report on the effects of doping on the growth of ZnO nanostructures. We find that the incorporation of dopants, such as Si, Li, and Na, usually lead to reduced quality of ZnO nanostructures. Although doping with Li and Na results in the formation of facets on ZnO nanostructures, doping of Si often reduces dramatically the quantity of ZnO nanostructures. The formation of facets on ZnO nanostructures is found to significantly affects the cathodoluminescence emissions of the nanostructures. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-713-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 776 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY10Q UT WOS:000187670800018 ER PT S AU Pei, JH Tian, F Thundat, T AF Pei, JH Tian, F Thundat, T BE Velev, OD Bunning, TJ Xia, Y Yang, P TI Novel glucose biosensor based on the microcantilever SO UNCONVENTIONAL APPROACHES TO NANOSTRUCTURES WITH APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INFORMATION STORAGE AND SENSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Unconventional Approaches to Nanostructures with Applications in Electronics, Photonics, Information Storage and Sensing CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, CW Grp, Duke Sci Corp, GE, Ind Technol Res Inst, Kodak, Nanomix Inc, Nanosys ID DNA AB We report a novel technique for micromechanical detection of biologically relevant glucose by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) onto a microcantilever surface. Microfabricated cantilevers have recently attracted considerable interest in the development of a wide range of novel physical, chemical, and biological sensors. This paper describes the combination of this novel technology with enzyme specificity to construct a highly selective glucose biosensor. The enzyme-functionalized microcantilever undergoes bending due to a change in surface stress induced by the reaction between glucose and the GOx immobilized on the cantilever surface. The common interferents for glucose detection in other detection schemes have been tested and have shown no effect on the measurement of blood glucose level by this technique. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-713-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 776 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY10Q UT WOS:000187670800037 ER PT S AU Raybourn, EM AF Raybourn, EM BE Carbonell, N Stephanidis, C TI Toward cultural representation and identification for all in community-based virtual environments SO UNIVERSAL ACCESS: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES, PRACTICE, AND EXPERIENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th ERCIM International Workshop on User Interfaces for All CY OCT 24-25, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP European Res Consortium Informat & Math, Inst Comp Sci, Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Natl Rech Informat Automat, Lab Lorrain Rech Informat & Applicat, Reseau Grand Est AB The paper describes research undertaken to provide the empirical basis for engendering group or community identification in future iterations of an adaptive community-based collaborative virtual environment (CVE) designed to facilitate communication where there are mutual concerns or interests among virtual communities within or across organizations. The system taken as an example in this paper consists of a WWW-based collaborative virtual environment comprised of intelligent software agents that support explicit information sharing, chance meetings, and real time informal communication. Results from ethnography, questionnaires, and Persona design inform future directions that include cultural cues in intelligent community-based systems in order to enhance information sharing and real time communication among strangers toward more equitable cultural representation for all. It is argued that users' experiences are enhanced in community-based virtual environments through supporting intercultural communication and designing opportunities for equitable representation of and identification with individual, group, and organizational cultures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Raybourn, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00855-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2615 BP 219 EP 238 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW72T UT WOS:000182975300018 ER PT S AU Fischer, GJ Spletzer, B AF Fischer, GJ Spletzer, B BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Long range hopping mobility platform SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Hopper; Sandia National Laboratories; robotics; self-healing minefield AB Sandia National Laboratories has developed a mesoscale hopping mobility platform (Hopper) to overcome the longstanding problems of mobility and power in small scale unmanned vehicles. The system provides mobility in situations such as negotiating tall obstacles and rough terrain that are prohibitive for other small ground base vehicles. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration (DARPA) provided the funding for the hopper project. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fischer, GJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1003, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.498000 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800008 ER PT S AU McKay, MD Anderson, MO Wadsworth, DC AF McKay, MD Anderson, MO Wadsworth, DC BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Development of the auto-steering software and equipment technology (ASSET) SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE intelligent; robotic; autonomous steering; precision; commercialization AB The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), through collaboration with INSAT Co., has developed a low cost robotic auto-steering system for parallel contour swathing. The capability to perform parallel contour swathing while minimizing "skip" and "overlap" is a necessity for cost-effective crop management within precision agriculture. Current methods for performing parallel contour swathing consist of using a Differential Global Position System (DGPS) coupled with a light bar system to prompt an operator where to steer. The complexity of operating heavy equipment, ensuring proper chemical mixture and application, and steering to a light bar indicator can be overwhelming to an operator. To simplify these tasks, an inexpensive robotic steering system has been developed and tested on several farming implements. This development leveraged research conducted by the INEEL and Utah State University. The INEEL-INSAT Auto-Steering Software and Equipment Technology provides the following: 1) the ability to drive in a straight line within +/-2 feet while traveling at least 15 mph, 2) interfaces to a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) DGPS and sub-meter DGPS, 3) safety features such as Emergency-stop, steering wheel deactivation, computer watchdog deactivation, etc., and 4) a low-cost, field-ready system that is easily adapted to other systems. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McKay, MD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1117/12.497637 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800018 ER PT S AU Dodson, MG Owsley, SL Moorehead, SJ AF Dodson, MG Owsley, SL Moorehead, SJ BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI GOAT (Goes Over All Terrain) vehicle, a scaleable robotic vehicle SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robotic vehicle; UGCV; urban; MOUT AB Many of the potential applications of mobile robots require a small to medium sized vehicle that is capable of traversing large obstacles and rugged terrain. Search and rescue operations require a robot small enough to drive through doorways, yet capable enough to surmount rubble piles and stairs. This paper presents the GOAT (Goes Over All Terrain) vehicle, a medium scale robot which incorporates a novel configuration which puts the drive wheels on the ends of actuated arms. This allows GOAT to adjust body height and posture and combines the benefits of legged locomotion with the ease of wheeled driving. The paper presents the design of the GOAT and the results of prototype construction and initial testing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dodson, MG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1117/12.488017 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800032 ER PT S AU Moorehead, SJ AF Moorehead, SJ BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI A levels of autonomy control approach for mobile robots SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE semi-autonomous control; levels of autonomy; mobile robots; teleoperation; robot control AB Increasingly mobile robots are finding applications in the military, mining, nuclear and agriculture industries. These fields require a robot capable of operating in a highly unstructured and changing environment. Current autonomous control techniques are not robust enough to allow successful operation at all times in these environments. Teleoperation can help with many tasks but causes operator fatigue and negates much of the economic advantages of using robots by requiring one person per robot. This paper introduces a control system for mobile robots based on the concept of levels of autonomy. Levels of autonomy recognizes that control can be shared between the operator and robot in a continuous fashion from teleoperation to full autonomy. By sharing control, the robot can benefit from the operator's knowledge of the world to help extricate it from difficult situations. The robot can operate as autonomously as the situation allows, reducing operator fatigue and increasing the economic benefit by allowing a single operator to control multiple robots simultaneously. This paper presents a levels of autonomy control system developed for use in exploration or reconnaissance tasks. C1 Pacific NW Natl lab, Richland, WA 99252 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99252 USA. EM stewart.moorehead@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 472 EP 480 DI 10.1117/12.487061 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800046 ER PT S AU Goldstein, SJ Stirling, CH AF Goldstein, SJ Stirling, CH BE Bourdon, B Henderson, GM Lundstrom, CC Turner, SP TI Techniques for measuring uranium-series nuclides: 1992-2002 SO URANIUM-SERIES GEOCHEMISTRY SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE RATIO MEASUREMENTS; LONG-LIVED RADIONUCLIDES; HIGH-EFFICIENCY NEBULIZER; MULTIPLE-COLLECTOR-ICPMS; LASER-ABLATION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRECISE DETERMINATION C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Isotope & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ETH Zentrum, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Isotope & Nucl Chem Grp, MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sgoldstein@lanl.gov; stirling@erdw.ethz.ch NR 103 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER & GEOCHEMICAL SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-64-2 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2003 VL 52 BP 23 EP 57 DI 10.2113/0520023 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BX40C UT WOS:000185149600002 ER PT B AU Crandell, R Clifford, J Kent, A AF Crandell, R Clifford, J Kent, A GP USENIX TI A secure and transparent firewall web proxy SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTEENTH LARGE INSTALLATION SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Large Installation Systems Administration Conference CY OCT 26-31, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP USENIX Assoc, SAGE AB The LANL transparent web proxy lets authorized external users originating from the Internet to securely access internal intranet web content and applications normally blocked by a firewall. Unauthenticated access is still, of course, denied. The proxy is transparent in that no changes to browsers, user interaction, or intranet web servers are necessary. The proxy, a few thousand lines of C running on Linux, has been operating within Los Alamos National Laboratory's firewall since 1999. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Network Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Crandell, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Network Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-931971-15-3 PY 2003 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAD38 UT WOS:000221658300004 ER PT B AU Goldner, F AF Goldner, F GP OECD OECD OECD TI The US advanced accelerator applications programme SO UTILISATION AND RELIABILITY OF HIGH POWER PROTON ACCELERATORS, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL SANTA FE, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Nucl Sci Comm, Los Alamos Natl Lab C1 US DOE, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Goldner, F (reprint author), US DOE, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10211-6 PY 2003 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX09N UT WOS:000184283600003 ER EF