FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Alder, BJ AF Alder, BJ TI Slow dynamics by molecular dynamics SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Slow Dynamical Processes in Nature CY NOV 25-27, 2001 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA AB We learned early in the computer study of the H-function with particle dynamics that the velocity distribution reaches a local equilibrium (Maxwellian) distribution fast, within a few mean collision times, but that the subsequent structural rearrangement of the particles can be quite slow, particularly if a highly correlated event of many degrees of freedom is involved. During that process potential energy is slowly converted into kinetic energy to reach overall equilibrium. To study processes that are so unlikely that they do not occur within long computer runs (typically less than 10(-8) s of real time) we developed a rare event algorithm. In that calculation the particles are brought adiabatically, that is so slowly that the system is at equilibrium in the presence of the external force at every step, to the rare event configuration (the activated state) and the work to do that is determined. The probability of the event is then calculated by standard reaction rate theory by also determining the transmission coefficient through releasing the constraint near the activated state and observing how often the system goes to the new state relative to how often it falls back to the initial state. The problem with that calculation besides the assumption of adiabaticity is that one needs a model for the activated state, which is often hard to guess. Simulated annealing might aid in the search for an activated state. The other possibility is to speed up particle dynamics and that can be done by direct simulation Monte Carlo, a stochastic particle solution of the Boltzmann equation for a perfect gas. That approach can be extended to higher densities, but the stochastic approach cannot account for the structural features of the medium. However, systems can be followed up to 10(-5) S. We have been able to follow, for example, droplet formation and coalescence by this method. To study even larger systems we have embedded this particle algorithm into a continuum Navier-Stokes algorithm to study the onset of hydrodynamic instabilities. However, the approach cannot deal with the protein folding problem, because the structural aspects dominate the process. One would have to embed molecular dynamics into a continuum, a much more computer intensive problem, in order to even treat water, for example, as a continuum beyond a few molecular layers around a biological molecule. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Alder, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 AR PII S0378-4371(02)01220-7 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01220-7 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 620KP UT WOS:000179532800002 ER PT J AU Balatsky, AV Manassen, Y Salem, R AF Balatsky, AV Manassen, Y Salem, R TI ESR-STM of a single precessing spin: Detection of exchange-based spin noise SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ELECTRONS; SURFACE AB Electron Spin resonance scanning tunneling microscopy (ESR-STM) is an emerging technique which is capable of detecting the precession of a single spin. We discuss the mechanism of ESR-STM based on a direct exchange coupling between the tunneling electrons and the local precessing spin S. We claim that since the number of tunneling electrons in a single precessing period is small (similar to20), one may expect a net temporary polarization within this period that will couple via exchange interaction to the localized spin. This coupling will randomly modulate the tunneling barrier and create a dispersion in the tunneling current which is a product of a Larmor frequency component due to the precession of the single spin and the dispersion of the spin of the tunneling electrons. This noise component is spread over the whole frequency range for random white noise spin polarization of electrons. In the opposite case where the power spectrum of the spins of the tunneling electrons has a peak at zero frequency an elevated noise in the current at omega(L) will appear. We discuss the possible source of this spin polarization. We find that for relevant values of parameters the signal-to-noise ratio in the spectral characteristic is 2-4 and is comparable to the reported signal to noise ratio.1,2 The magnitude of the current fluctuation is a relatively weak increaing function of the dc current and magnetic field. The linewidth produced by the back action effect of tunneling electrons on the precessing spin is also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Ilse Katz Ctr Nanometer Scale Sci & Technol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 195416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.195416 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900108 ER PT J AU Benedict, LX AF Benedict, LX TI Screening in the exchange term of the electron-hole interaction of the Bethe-Salpeter equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE), governing the dynamics of a particle-hole pair in a many-body system, is considered for the case in which the two-particle propagator is constructed from a finite set of particle-hole states. It is shown that in this case, it may be appropriate to screen the exchange kernel of the BSE with a background dielectric function epsilon(BG). An application to the computation of optical excitation spectra in quantum dots is discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Benedict, LX (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 193105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.193105 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900005 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Tsifrinovich, VI Allara, DL AF Berman, GP Tsifrinovich, VI Allara, DL TI Entangled spin states in self-assembled monolayer systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We discuss the opportunity for creation of an entangled spin state in a self-assembled monolayer molecular system. A group of spin radicals can be transferred to the entangled state using resonant electromagnetic pulses. The magnetic dipole-dipole interaction within a group is taken into account while the same interaction between the groups is neglected. A high external magnetic field at low temperature provides the identical entangled states for all spin groups in a sample. We discuss how this entangled state can be measured in experiments using the macroscopic magnetization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-13,MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 193406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.193406 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900024 ER PT J AU Christianson, AD Lawrence, JM Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Riseborough, PS Kern, S Goremychkin, EA Lacerda, AH AF Christianson, AD Lawrence, JM Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Riseborough, PS Kern, S Goremychkin, EA Lacerda, AH TI Neutron scattering study of crystal fields in CeRhIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CEIRIN5 AB Neutron scattering results for the tetragonal compound CeRhIn5 give evidence for two crystal field (CF) excitations at 6.9 and 23.6 meV. The scattering can be fit assuming a set of CF parameters B-2(0)=-1.03 meV, B-4(0)=0.044 meV, and B-4(4)=0.122 meV. To compare our results with previous work, we calculate the susceptibility and specific heat for this CF scheme, including a molecular field term lambda=35 mol/emu to account for the Kondo effect. We also include a calculation based on these CF parameters, which uses the noncrossing approximation to the Anderson model to estimate the effect of Kondo physics on the susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron linewidths. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Christianson, AD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM achristianson@lanl.gov RI Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Riseborough, Peter/D-4689-2011; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 193102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.193102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900002 ER PT J AU Crandall, RS AF Crandall, RS TI Meyer-Neldel rule in charge-trapping metastability in p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DANGLING-BOND RELAXATION; A-SI-H; THERMAL EQUILIBRATION; DISPERSIVE DIFFUSION; DEFECTS; CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS AB Measurements of capacitance transients due to charge-carrier emission from metastable defects in p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p/n junction structures show that both holes and electrons can be metastably trapped in the p layer. At 350 K electrons and holes are emitted at the same rate, thereby defining the isokinetic temperature (T-iso) for the Meyer-Neldel rule. The enthalpy changes for hole and electron emission are 0.94 and 0.51 eV, respectively. Charge emission rates are measured above and below T-iso. The entropy changes for hole and electron emission are 31 and 17 Boltzmann constants, respectively. Below T-iso electrons are emitted faster than holes, and above T-iso the reverse is true. These relative changes in emission rates are a direct consequence of the large entropy changes in the defect reactions. T-iso within experimental error, is the same as the H glass equilibration temperature (360 K) measured by others in p-type a-Si:H. Arguments are presented suggesting that the defect reactions measured here are involved in H glass equilibration. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Crandall, RS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 195210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.195210 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900049 ER PT J AU Fromer, NA Schuller, C Lai, CW Chemla, DS Perakis, IE Driscoll, D Gossard, AC AF Fromer, NA Schuller, C Lai, CW Chemla, DS Perakis, IE Driscoll, D Gossard, AC TI Coulomb correlations in a two-dimensional electron gas in large magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMI-EDGE SINGULARITY; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-RESPONSE; FILLED LANDAU-LEVELS; QUANTUM-WELLS; MANY-BODY; SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCITATIONS; GAAS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; MAGNETOEXCITONS AB We present an investigation of the dynamics of the inter-Landau-level (LL) excitations of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in large magnetic fields using coherent time-resolved nonlinear spectroscopy. The results are compared directly with measurements on undoped quantum wells. We observe time-dependent Coulomb coupling between the LL's induced by the 2DEG that induces a large transfer of oscillator strength to the lowest LL. The time dependence of the nonlinear response reveals non-Markovian and memory effects of the photoexcited system that cannot be understood in terms of the random phase approximation. We introduce a theoretical approach that treats the interactions of the magnetoexcitons with the 2DEG excitations and qualitatively accounts for the most salient experimental results in terms of shake-up of the 2DEG. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fromer, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perakis, Ilias/G-9186-2011; Lai, Chih Wei/E-4945-2010 OI Lai, Chih Wei/0000-0003-3571-4671 NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 20 AR 205314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.205314 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 624RC UT WOS:000179773900048 ER PT J AU Goppert, G Galperin, YM Altshuler, BL Grabert, H AF Goppert, G Galperin, YM Altshuler, BL Grabert, H TI Magnetic-field effects in energy relaxation mediated by Kondo impurities in mesoscopic wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ELECTRON SCATTERING; SHOT-NOISE; STATIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; EQUILIBRIUM; SPIN; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; CONTACTS; ALLOYS AB We study the energy distribution function of quasiparticles in short voltage biased mesoscopic wires in the presence of magnetic impurities and applied magnetic field. The system is described by a Boltzmann equation where the collision integral is determined by coupling to spin-1/2 impurities. We develop a theory of the coupling of nonequilibrium electrons to dissipative spins. This theory is valid as long as the characteristic smearing of the steps in the energy distribution function, which depends both on the bias voltage and the location of the probe, exceeds the Kondo temperature. We further address the renormalization of coupling constants by nonequilibrium electrons. Magnetic-field dependence of the energy relaxation rate turns out to be nonmonotonic. For low magnetic field an enhancement of energy relaxation is found, whereas for larger magnetic fields the energy relaxation decreases again meeting qualitatively the experimental findings by Anthore (cond-mat/0109297). This gives a strong indication that magnetic impurities are in fact responsible for the enhanced energy relaxation in copper wires. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with the experiment at large bias voltages where the theory is applicable. At the same time, at small bias voltages there are substantial quantitative deviations. Furthermore, the concentration of the spins, which follows from the energy relaxation for Cu, seems to to be substantially higher than the concentration estimated from weak localization (dephasing rate) measurements. Since the approach presented is valid only above Kondo temperature, it does not apply to the related problem of weak localization at low temperature in equilibrium. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Goppert, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Galperin, Yuri/A-1851-2008 OI Galperin, Yuri/0000-0001-7281-9902 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 195328 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.195328 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900082 ER PT J AU Ivashchenko, VI Turchi, PEA Shevchenko, VI Ivashchenko, LA Rusakov, GV AF Ivashchenko, VI Turchi, PEA Shevchenko, VI Ivashchenko, LA Rusakov, GV TI Tight-binding molecular-dynamics simulations of amorphous silicon carbides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL ORDER; CARBON ALLOYS; DEFECTS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SYSTEMS; LIQUID; STATE AB Atomic and electronic structures of amorphous tetrahedral silicon carbide a-SiC are analyzed on the basis of molecular dynamics simulations performed in the framework of a sp(3)s(*) tight-binding force model. The a-SiC samples are generated from dilute vapors and melts. The topology and the local chemical order of the resulting amorphous networks are very sensitive to the initial high-temperature structures. The simulations are used to investigate the electronic distribution in the band gap region and the changes in the density of states caused by the presence of homo-polar bonds, coordination defects, and strongly distorted tetrahedral species. For completeness the results obtained for a-SiC are compared with those from various semiempirical schemes and from ab initio pseudopotential calculations. C1 NAS Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ivashchenko, VI (reprint author), NAS Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, Krzhyzhanovsky St 3, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 195201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.195201 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900040 ER PT J AU Krstic, PS Zhang, XG Butler, WH AF Krstic, PS Zhang, XG Butler, WH TI Generalized conductance formula for the multiband tight-binding model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LANDAUER FORMULA; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RESISTANCE; DEVICE AB We present a generalized conductance formula for the multiband tight-binding model based on the formula by Caroli. We show that the transmission coefficients for Bloch states can be calculated using the expression for the self-energies of the leads in terms of the eigenstates of the secular matrix. We also show that evanescent states cannot be neglected in the calculation as is usually done. Although they do not explicitly contribute to the total conductance, they are needed to obtain the correct Green's function and the self-energies. This formula allows for an alternative to the usual iterative method for calculating the conductance of a molecule connected to two semi-infinite leads, and can give the contributions to the conductance decomposed by conduction channel. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 20 AR 205319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.205319 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 624RC UT WOS:000179773900053 ER PT J AU Luo, WD Ismail-Beigi, S Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Luo, WD Ismail-Beigi, S Cohen, ML Louie, SG TI Quasiparticle band structure of ZnS and ZnSe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICORE STATES; SEMICONDUCTORS; CDS; GE AB We calculate the quasiparticle band structure of ZnS and ZnSe using the plane-wave pseudopotential method and the GW approximation for the self-energy. The Zn semicore 3d states are treated as valence states. A systematic study of the role of various approximations is presented, including the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the ground-state properties, the role of self-consistency both in the dielectric function and the self-energy Sigma, the effect of off-diagonal matrix elements of (Sigma-V-xc) in the Kohn-Sham orbital basis, and the plasmon-pole approximation. This study demonstrates that the LDA and GGA give similar results, and that self-consistency in updating the quasiparticle energies improves the accuracy of the band gap as well as the energies of the semicore 3d states. The calculated quasiparticle band gaps of ZnS and ZnSe agree well with experimental values when the GW approximation is used. There is some discrepancy for the calculated quasiparticle energies of the semicore states and some possible reasons are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wdluo@civet.berkeley.edu RI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/F-2382-2014; Luo, Weidong/A-8418-2009 OI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/0000-0002-7331-9624; Luo, Weidong/0000-0003-3829-1547 NR 14 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 195215 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.195215 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900054 ER PT J AU Mans, A Dil, JH Ettema, ARHF Weitering, HH AF Mans, A Dil, JH Ettema, ARHF Weitering, HH TI Quantum electronic stability and spectroscopy of ultrathin Pb films on Si(111)7x7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMI-SURFACE; SILVER FILMS; STATES; WELL; RESONANCES; PB/SI(111); GROWTH; SCATTERING AB The growth of Pb on Si(111)7x7 has been studied with photoelectron spectroscopy. At low temperature (110 K), Pb grows in a quasi layer-by-layer mode that allows for the direct observation of discrete quantum well states. The quantum well states are analyzed in terms of the Bohr-Sommerfeld phase quantization model using a phenomenological phaseshift function and reduced quantum numbers. Fermi-level crossings occur when the film thickness Nd=n(lambda(F)/2), where d is the atomic layer spacing and lambda(F) the bulk Fermi wavelength (N,n are integers). The photoemission intensity from the quantum well states shows a strong modulation with photon energy which can be interpreted on the basis of the matrix elements for direct transitions in bulk Pb(111). The in-plane effective mass of the quantum well states is greatly enhanced in the vicinity of the substrate band edge. The present results provide important elements for understanding the growth morphology of Pb films in recent STM studies. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Delft Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. EM a.mans@tnw.tudelft.nl RI Dil, Hugo/F-6995-2012 OI Dil, Hugo/0000-0002-6016-6120 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 195410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.195410 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900102 ER PT J AU Montalenti, F Voter, AF Ferrando, R AF Montalenti, F Voter, AF Ferrando, R TI Spontaneous atomic shuffle in flat terraces: Ag(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-ACCELERATED DYNAMICS; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; DIFFUSION MECHANISM; METAL-SURFACES; SADDLE-POINTS; SIMULATION; ADATOM; COPPER; GROWTH AB We study the temporal evolution of a flat Ag(100) surface in the temperature range 300-600 K. Using a recent version of the temperature-accelerated dynamics method, we are able to simulate very long time scales, ranging from milliseconds at 600 K to several months at 300 K. Interesting diffusion mechanisms are observed. In particular, the spontaneous creation of short-lived adatom-vacancy pairs leads to diffusion of the surface atoms within the surface. C1 Univ Milan, INFM, Dipartimento Sci Mat, I-20125 Milan, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Geneva, INFM, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Geneva, CFSBT, CNR, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RP Montalenti, F (reprint author), Univ Milan, INFM, Dipartimento Sci Mat, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125 Milan, Italy. RI Montalenti, Francesco/A-7738-2010; Ferrando, Riccardo /C-4066-2011; OI Montalenti, Francesco/0000-0001-7854-8269; Ferrando, Riccardo /0000-0003-2750-9061; Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 20 AR 205404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.205404 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 624RC UT WOS:000179773900066 ER PT J AU Soderlind, P Landa, A Sadigh, B AF Soderlind, P Landa, A Sadigh, B TI Density-functional investigation of magnetism in delta-Pu SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ACTINIDE ELEMENTS; ALPHA-PU; AIRY GAS; APPROXIMATION; PLUTONIUM; METALS AB We present density-functional results of delta-Pu obtained from three electronic-structure methods. These methods have their individual strengths and are used in combination to investigate the magnetic and crystal stability of delta-Pu. An all-electron, full potential linear muffin-tin orbitals (FPLMTO) method, that includes corrections for spin-orbit coupling and orbital-polarization effects, predicts delta-Pu to be an antiferromagnet at zero temperature with a volume and a bulk modulus in very good agreement with experiment. The site-projected magnetic moment is smaller than expected (similar to1.5 mu(B)) due to large cancellation of spin and orbital moments. These calculations also predict a mechanical instability of antiferromagnetic (AF) delta-Pu. In addition, techniques based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) method within a Green's-function formalism and a projector augmented wave (PAW) method predict the same behavior of delta-Pu. In order to study disordered magnetism in delta-Pu, the KKR Green's-function technique was used in conjunction with the disordered local-moment model, whereas for the FPLMTO and PAW methods this was accomplished within the special quasirandom structure model. While AF delta-Pu remains mechanically unstable at lower temperatures, paramagnetic delta-Pu is stabilized at higher temperatures where disordered magnetic moments are present and responsible for the crystal structure, the low density, and the low bulk modulus of this phase. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soderlind, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 42 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 20 AR 205109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.205109 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 624RC UT WOS:000179773900022 ER PT J AU Sowwan, M Yacoby, Y Pitney, J MacHarrie, R Hong, M Cross, J Walko, DA Clarke, R Pindak, R Stern, EA AF Sowwan, M Yacoby, Y Pitney, J MacHarrie, R Hong, M Cross, J Walko, DA Clarke, R Pindak, R Stern, EA TI Direct atomic structure determination of epitaxially grown films: Gd2O3 on GaAs(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SURFACE; OXIDE; GAAS AB We have used coherent bragg rod analysis (COBRA) to investigate the atomic structure of an epitaxial Gd2O3 film grown on a (100) GaAs substrate. COBRA is a method to directly obtain the structure of systems periodic in two dimensions by determining the complex scattering factors along the substrate-defined Bragg rods. The system electron density and atomic structure are obtained by Fourier transforming the complex scattering factors into real space. The results show that the stacking order of the Gd2O3 film layers is different from that of cubic bulk Gd2O3 and resembles the stacking order of Ga and As layers in GaAs. Furthermore, in the first few Gd2O3 layers, Gd atoms are displaced to positions right above the Ga and As positions in the substrate, and they relax towards bulk Gd2O3 positions with increasing distance from the interface. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, PNC CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MHATT CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, NSF FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sowwan, M (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RI Hong, Minghwei/C-1433-2010; OI Sowwan, Mukhles/0000-0002-0211-2124 NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 20 AR 205311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.205311 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 624RC UT WOS:000179773900045 ER PT J AU Sprague, JA Montalenti, F Uberuaga, BP Kress, JD Voter, AF AF Sprague, JA Montalenti, F Uberuaga, BP Kress, JD Voter, AF TI Simulation of growth of Cu on Ag(001) at experimental deposition rates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; TEMPERATURE-ACCELERATED DYNAMICS; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; BY-LAYER GROWTH; IN-SITU STM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SELF-DIFFUSION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH AB The initial stages of growth of (001)Cu films on (001)Ag substrates have been investigated using the temperature-accelerated dynamics (TAD) simulation method. The acceleration provided by TAD made it possible to simulate the deposition of Cu on (001)Ag at 77 K using a deposition rate of 0.04 ML/s, which matched previously reported experiments. This simulation was achieved without a priori knowledge of the significant atomic processes. The results showed that the increased in-plane lattice parameter of the pseudomorphic Cu reduces the activation energy for the exchange mode of surface diffusion, allowing short-range terrace diffusion and the formation of compact Cu islands on the second film layer at 77 K. Some unexpected complex surface diffusion processes and off-lattice atomic configurations were also observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Sci Mat, INFM, I-20125 Milan, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sprague, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montalenti, Francesco/A-7738-2010; OI Montalenti, Francesco/0000-0001-7854-8269; Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 51 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 20 AR 205415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.205415 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 624RC UT WOS:000179773900077 ER PT J AU Windiks, R Bill, A Delley, B Kresin, VZ AF Windiks, R Bill, A Delley, B Kresin, VZ TI Crystal structures and electronic properties of haloform-intercalated C-60 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOPED C-60; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; C-60-CENTER-DOT-2CHBR(3); FULLERENES; MOLECULES; SOLIDS AB Using density-functional methods, we calculated structural and electronic properties of bulk chloroform- and bromoform-intercalated C-60,C-60.2CHX(3) (X=Cl, Br). Both compounds are narrow-band insulator materials with a gap between valence and conduction bands larger than 1 eV. The calculated widths of the valence and conduction bands are 0.4-0.6 eV and 0.3-0.4 eV, respectively. The orbitals of the haloform molecules overlap with the pi orbitals of the fullerene molecules, and the p-type orbitals of halogen atoms significantly contribute to the valence and conduction bands of C-60.2CHX(3). Charging with electrons and holes turns the systems to metals. Contrary to expectation, 10-20 % of the charge is on the haloform molecules and is thus not completely localized on the fullerene molecules. Calculations on different crystal structures of C-60.2CHCl(3) and C-60.2CHBr(3) revealed that the density of states at the Fermi energy are sensitive to the orientation of the haloform and C-60 molecules. At a charging of three holes, which corresponds to the superconducting phase of pure C-60 and C-60.2CHX(3), the calculated density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy increases in the sequence DOS (C-60) Br + H-2 + C3H3. We also show evidence that the Br atom is formed in the excited (P-2(1/2)) spin-orbit state from the C-Br bond fission product channels. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Butler, LJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 45 BP 10831 EP 10842 DI 10.1021/jp025589y PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 614GQ UT WOS:000179180300015 ER PT J AU Jellinek, J Acioli, PH AF Jellinek, J Acioli, PH TI Magnesium clusters: Structural and electronic properties and the size-induced nonmetal-to-metal transition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SELF-INTERACTION CORRECTION; LOCAL-SPIN-DENSITY; MERCURY CLUSTERS; REMOVAL ENERGIES; SHELL STRUCTURE; MG CLUSTERS; BASIS-SET; APPROXIMATION; DEPENDENCE AB Structural and electronic properties of neutral and anionic magnesium clusters with 2 to 22 atoms are studied using gradient-corrected density functional theory. A,new scheme for the conversion of the Kohn-Sham eigenenergies into electron binding energies is utilized to compute the difference in the binding energies of the two most external electrons in the anionic clusters. The results are in very good agreement with the data obtained in recent electron photodetachment experiments. The other electronic properties studied include (a) the binding energy, the second difference of the total energies, the HOMO-LUMO gap, and the vertical ionization potential of the neutral clusters; (b) the vertical electron detachment energy of the anionic clusters; and (c) the character of bonding in both the neutral and the anionic clusters. The analysis focuses on the finite-size analogue of the insulator-to-metal transition. The role and manifestation of the finite-size effects are discussed, and some important implications regarding the interpretation of the experimental data are pointed out. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jellinek, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 47 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 45 BP 10919 EP 10925 DI 10.1021/jp020887g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 614GQ UT WOS:000179180300025 ER PT J AU Miller, JL Morton, ML Butler, LJ Qi, F Krisch, MJ Shu, JN AF Miller, JL Morton, ML Butler, LJ Qi, F Krisch, MJ Shu, JN TI Dissociation channels of the 1-propenyl radical and its photolytic precursor cis-1-bromopropene (vol 106, pg 10831, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Butler, LJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 45 BP 10965 EP 10967 DI 10.1021/jp026919h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 614GQ UT WOS:000179180300031 ER PT J AU Zanchet, D Micheel, CM Parak, WJ Gerion, D Williams, SC Alivisatos, AP AF Zanchet, D Micheel, CM Parak, WJ Gerion, D Williams, SC Alivisatos, AP TI Electrophoretic and structural studies of DNA-directed Au nanoparticle groupings SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MACROSCOPIC MATERIALS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; QUANTUM; NANOCRYSTALS; MOLECULES; PROTEIN AB Discrete Au nanoparticle/DNA conjugates have been isolated by electrophoresis and used to form small groupings of particles, such as dimers and trimers. The use of purified conjugates leads to a higher yield of the target structure, and it has allowed us better control and understanding of the system. Newly accessible questions, such as the electrophoretic mobility of nanoparticle/DNA hybrids and the critical role of particle surface charge on mobility, have been studied. Detailed characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has now been done because of the higher quality of the samples. A computer program to generate pair distribution functions from TEM images was developed, pointing out the dependence of interparticle distance with DNA length on dimers of particles. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zanchet, Daniela/D-6566-2012; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; OI Zanchet, Daniela/0000-0003-1475-2548; Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Micheel, Christine/0000-0002-7744-9039 NR 30 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 45 BP 11758 EP 11763 DI 10.1021/jp026144c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 614GR UT WOS:000179180400008 ER PT J AU Ohrwall, G Sant'Anna, MM Stolte, WC Dominguez-Lopez, I Dang, LTN Schlachter, AS Lindle, DW AF Ohrwall, G Sant'Anna, MM Stolte, WC Dominguez-Lopez, I Dang, LTN Schlachter, AS Lindle, DW TI Anion and cation formation following core-level photoexcitation of CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SHAPE RESONANCES; EXCITED-STATES; K-EDGE; IONIZATION; MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; OXYGEN AB Mass-resolved anion and cation partial-yield spectra following photoexcitation of CO2 have been recorded in the vicinity of the C 1s and O 1s thresholds. Anion production was found to be site specific: a weak production of O- was observed on the pi* resonance near the C K edge, whereas both C- and O- fragments were observed near the O K edge. Due to suppression of the shape resonances that dominate the cross section above the core thresholds, the anion-partial-yield spectra at the O K edge reveal several previously unobserved electronic states. In addition, several cations such as CO2+ and O-2(+) were observed for the first time. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ohrwall, G (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Box 530, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/B-9355-2013; Dominguez-Lopez, Ivan/B-6072-2016 OI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/0000-0001-5342-5799; Dominguez-Lopez, Ivan/0000-0001-8084-8711 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 21 BP 4543 EP 4552 AR PII S0953-4075(02)52242-2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 618VC UT WOS:000179437100017 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW AF Chou, YS Stevenson, JW TI Thermal cycling and degradation mechanisms of compressive mica-based seals for solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE thermal cycling; compressive mica-based seals; solid oxide fuel cell ID GLASS-CERAMICS; SOFC; PROGRESS AB Thermal cycling was conducted on compressive mica seals at 800 degreesC in air. Thin (similar to0.1 mm) Muscovite mica was pressed between a metal pipe and an alumina substrate and tested for leak rates at a stress of 100 psi in the plain (mica only) and the hybrid design. The hybrid design involves adding two glass interlayers and was found to greatly reduce the leak rates in an earlier paper Two metals (Inconel #600 and SS430) with high and low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) were used to evaluate the effect of CTE mismatch on thermal cycling. The results showed that the leak rates were lower for the hybrid design than the plain micas. In addition, wing the lower CTE (SS430) metal pipe resulted in lower leak rates as compared to Inconel #600 metal (high CTE). In general, the leak rates increased with the number of thermal cycles: however, it tended to level off after several tens of thermal cycles. Microstructure examination using, canning electron microscopy revealed steps, indents, fragmentation and particle formation on the mica after thermal cycling. CTE measurement of the heat-treated Muscovite mica showed a relatively low value of similar to7 ppm/degreesC. The cause for the degradation of the mica is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resource Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resource Dept, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 376 EP 383 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00444-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00444-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 617DD UT WOS:000179344600004 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Kopasz, J Kumar, R Krumpelt, M AF Ahmed, S Kopasz, J Kumar, R Krumpelt, M TI Water balance in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE water balance; fuel cell system; fuel processing AB Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems operating on carbonaceous fuels require water for fuel processing. Such systems can find wider applications if they do not require a supply of water in addition to the supply of fuel, that is, if they can be self-sustaining based on the water produced at the fuel cell stack. This paper considers a generic PEFC system and identifies the parameters that affect, and the extent of their contribution to, the net water balance in the system. These parameters include the steam-to-carbon and the oxygen-to-carbon ratios in the fuel processor, the electrochemical fuel and oxygen utilizations in the fuel cell stack, the ambient pressure and temperature, and the composition of the fuel used. The analysis shows that the amount of water lost from the system as water vapor in the exhaust is very sensitive to the system pressure and ambient temperature, while the amount of water produced in the system is a function of the composition of the fuel. Fuels with a high H/C (hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio) allow the system to be operated as a net water producer under a wider range of operating conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 519 EP 530 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00452-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00452-4 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 617DD UT WOS:000179344600022 ER PT J AU Williford, RE Hatchell, BK Singh, P AF Williford, RE Hatchell, BK Singh, P TI A combined passive water vapor exchanger and exhaust gas diffusion barrier for fuel cell applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cells; fuel reforming; water vapor exchanger; efficiency; models; experiments AB Fuel cells operating on hydrocarbon fuels require water vapor injection into the fuel stream for fuel reforming and the prevention of carbon fouling. Compared to active water recovery systems, a passive approach would eliminate the need for a separate water source, pumps, and actuators, and thus reduce parasitic thermal losses. The passive approach developed in this paper employs a capillary pump that recovers the water vapor from the exhaust, while providing a diffusion barrier that prevents exhaust gases from entering the fuel stream. Benchtop proof tests have proven the feasibility of the passive fuel humidifier concept. and have provided a calibration factor for a computational design tool that can be used for industrial applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williford, RE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 570 EP 576 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00454-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00454-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 617DD UT WOS:000179344600027 ER PT J AU Shin, SS Sun, YK Amine, K AF Shin, SS Sun, YK Amine, K TI Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li[Li(1-2x)/3NixMn(2-x)/3]O-2 as cathode materials for lithium secondary batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium secondary batteries; sol-gel method; layered manganese; cathode materials; Li2MnO3 ID MANGANESE OXIDES; ION BATTERIES; LIMNO2; INSERTION; SYSTEM AB Layered Li[Li(1-2x)/3NixMn(2-x)/3]O-2 materials with x = 0.41, 0.35, 0.275 and 0.2 are synthesised by means of a sol-gel method. The layered structure is stabilized by a solid solution between LiNiO2 and Li2MnO3. The discharge capacity increases with increasing lithium content at the 3a sites in the Li[Li(1-2x)/3NixMn(2-x)/3]O-2. A Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O-2 electrode delivers discharge capacities of 200 and 240 mAh g(-1) with excellent cycleability at 30 and 55 degreesC, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seungdong Gu, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seungdong Gu, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; NR 16 TC 76 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 634 EP 638 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00439-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00439-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 617DD UT WOS:000179344600036 ER PT J AU Young, DP Fisk, Z Thompson, JD Ott, HR Oseroff, SB Goodrich, RG AF Young, DP Fisk, Z Thompson, JD Ott, HR Oseroff, SB Goodrich, RG TI Magnetic properties - Parasitic ferromagnetism in a hexaboride? Reply SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Field Magnet Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Young, DP (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Field Magnet Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM fisk@magnet.fsu.edu NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6912 BP 144 EP 144 DI 10.1038/420144a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 614QM UT WOS:000179200900035 ER PT J AU Carr, GL Martin, MC McKinney, WR Jordan, K Neil, GR Williams, GP AF Carr, GL Martin, MC McKinney, WR Jordan, K Neil, GR Williams, GP TI High-power terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COHERENT SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; TRANSITION RADIATION; EMISSION; PULSES; LASER; MANIPULATION; GENERATION; BEAM AB Terahertz (THz) radiation, which lies in the far-infrared region, is at the interface of electronics and photonics. Narrow-band THz radiation can be produced by free-electron lasers(1) and fast diodes(2,3). Broadband THz radiation can be produced by thermal sources and, more recently, by table-top laser-driven sources(4-6) and by short electron bunches in accelerators(7), but so far only with low power. Here we report calculations and measurements that confirm the production of high-power broadband THz radiation from subpicosecond electron bunches in an accelerator. The average power is nearly 20 watts, several orders of magnitude higher than any existing source, which could enable various new applications. In particular, many materials have distinct absorptive and dispersive properties in this spectral range, so that THz imaging could reveal interesting features. For example, it would be possible to image the distribution of specific proteins or water in tissue, or buried metal layers in semiconductors(8,9); the present source would allow full-field, real-time capture of such images. High peak and average power THz sources are also critical in driving new nonlinear phenomena and for pump-probe studies of dynamical properties of materials(10,11). C1 Jefferson Lab, Free Electron Laser Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, GP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Free Electron Laser Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 30 TC 456 Z9 473 U1 20 U2 116 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6912 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1038/nature01175 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 614QM UT WOS:000179200900038 PM 12432385 ER PT J AU Rao, CV Wolf, DM Arkin, AP AF Rao, CV Wolf, DM Arkin, AP TI Control, exploitation and tolerance of intracellular noise SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; STOCHASTIC RESONANCE; PHASE VARIATION; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; DNA-REPAIR; CELL; NETWORKS; FLUCTUATIONS; ROBUSTNESS AB Noise has many roles in biological function, including generation of errors in DNA replication leading to mutation and evolution, noise-driven divergence of cell fates, noise-induced amplification of signals, and maintenance of the quantitative individuality of cells. Yet there is order to the behaviour and development of cells. They operate within strict parameters and in many cases this behaviour seems robust, implying that noise is largely filtered by the system. How can we explain the use, rejection and sensitivity to noise that is found in biological systems? An exploration of the sources and consequences of noise calls for the use of stochastic models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rao, CV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 3-144, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 86 TC 618 Z9 624 U1 5 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6912 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1038/nature01258 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 614QM UT WOS:000179200900060 PM 12432408 ER PT J AU Baker, OK AF Baker, OK TI Weak production of strangeness at threshold with polarization observables SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGIES; FORM-FACTORS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTION; SCATTERING; NUCLEI; DECAY AB The differential cross section for the charged current electroweak reaction (e) over right arrow + p --> (ν) over right arrow (e) + (&ULambda;) over right arrow at threshold with polarization observables is presented. The form of the cross section at threshold for the reaction is simplified compared to higher energy. An expression is given for the invariant matrix element appropriate for the reaction when the incident electron is polarized, and the final state hyperon polarization is determined. The energy dependence of the resulting cross section is shown near threshold. Under the right kinematic conditions, there can be a sizeable enhancement in the cross section, making an experimental measurement of the weak axial-vector form factor feasible. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Jefferson Lab, Div Phys, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Baker, OK (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 548 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 57 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02839-3 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02839-3 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 615RE UT WOS:000179259800009 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Garcia, J Gonzalez, L AF Rodriguez, JA Garcia, J Gonzalez, L TI Electronic and chemical properties of mixed-metal oxides: adsorption of SO2 on SrTiO3(001) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLANE-WAVE; SURFACE; MGO; MOLECULES; POLARITY AB The structural, electronic, and chemical properties of the SrTiO3(001) surface were examined by means of first principles density-functional (DF) slab calculations (LDA, GGA Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhoff functional). In qualitative terms, the LDA and GGA predict similar structural relaxations for the SrTiO3(001) system. DF results for bulk SrTiO3 and SrTiO3(001) illustrate the important effects that metal <----> oxygen <----> metal interactions can have on the electronic and chemical properties of a mixed-metal oxide. A big increase in the electron density of Ti is found when going from TiO2 to SrTiO3. This phenomenon can easily explain why SrTiO3 is a much better DeSO(x) catalyst than pure TiO2. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Ciencia Mat, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov NR 35 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2002 VL 365 IS 5-6 BP 380 EP 386 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01489-6 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01489-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 614HE UT WOS:000179181600003 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K AF Balasubramanian, K TI Spectroscopic properties of Mo-2(-) and Mo-2(+) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIALS; STATES; ATOMS AB Potential energy curves and spectroscopic constants for 30 electronic states of Mo-2(+) together with the ground states of Mo-2(-) anion and Mo-2 have been computed using the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CASMCSCF) followed by the multireference singles + doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) calculations that included up to 44.4 million configurations. We have reported computed equilibrium distances (r(e)), vibrational frequencies (omega(e)) and energy separations (T-e). We have predicted several spectroscopic systems for Nlo', which are yet to be observed and the electron affinity of Mo-2. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Hertz Hall,L-794, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2002 VL 365 IS 5-6 BP 413 EP 420 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01500-2 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01500-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 614HE UT WOS:000179181600007 ER PT J AU Wade, EA Reak, KE Parsons, BF Clemes, TP Singmaster, KA AF Wade, EA Reak, KE Parsons, BF Clemes, TP Singmaster, KA TI Photochemistry of chloropicrin in cryogenic matrices SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; NITROMETHANE AB The photolysis of chloropicrin (CCl3NO2) was investigated in Ar and N-2 cryogenic matrices. The extent of reaction was monitored using FT-IR spectroscopy. Phosgene and nitrosyl chloride were the observed photoproducts at all wavelengths investigated (220, 251, 313, 365, and 405 nm). When the photolysis was performed with 220, 251, or 313 nm light, two additional bands were also observed. These bands have been assigned to CCl3ONO. Chloropicrin was also photolyzed in the presence of O-2 and O-18(2). O-18-labeled photoproducts were not detected in cryogenic matrices. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mills Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Oakland, CA 94613 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Chem, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Wade, EA (reprint author), Mills Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, 5000 MacArthur Blvd, Oakland, CA 94613 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2002 VL 365 IS 5-6 BP 473 EP 479 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01495-1 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01495-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 614HE UT WOS:000179181600015 ER PT J AU Lavoie, H Desbat, B Vaknin, D Salesse, C AF Lavoie, H Desbat, B Vaknin, D Salesse, C TI Structure of rhodopsin in monolayers at the air-water interface: a PM-IRRAS and X-ray reflectivity study SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; II CORE COMPLEX; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; REACTION CENTERS; DISK MEMBRANE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY AB Monomolecular films of the membrane protein rhodopsin have been investigated in situ at the air-water interface by polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and X-ray reflectivity in order to find conditions that retain the protein secondary structure. The spreading of rhodopsin at 0 or 5 mN m(-1) followed by a 30 min incubation time at 21 degreesC resulted in the unfolding of rhodopsin, as evidenced from the large increase of its molecular area, its small monolayer thickness, and the extensive formation of beta-sheets at the expense of the alpha-helices originally present in rhodopsin. In contrast, when spreading is performed at 5 or 10 mN m(-1) followed by an immediate compression at, respectively, 4 or 21 degreesC, the secondary structure of rhodopsin is retained, and the thickness of these films is in good agreement with the size of rhodopsin determined from its crystal structure. The amide I/amide II ratio also allowed to determine that the orientation of rhodopsin only slightly changes with surface pressure and it remains almost unchanged when the film is maintained at 20 mN m(-1) for 120 min at 4 degreesC. In addition, the PM-IRRAS spectra of rod outer segment disk membranes in monolayers suggest that rhodopsin also retained its secondary structure in these films. C1 Univ Quebec, Dept Chim Biol, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Sci & Ingn Macromol, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Bordeaux 1, URM 5803, Lab Physicochim Mol, F-33405 Talence, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Salesse, C (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Dept Chim Biol, CP 500, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 72 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 12 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 45 BP 13424 EP 13434 DI 10.1021/bi026004t PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 613NC UT WOS:000179137500012 PM 12416988 ER PT J AU Stevenson, KA Mehta, A Sachenko, P Hansen, KM Thundat, T AF Stevenson, KA Mehta, A Sachenko, P Hansen, KM Thundat, T TI Nanomechanical effect of enzymatic manipulation of DNA on microcantilever surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; EXCHANGE; GOLD; SENSOR; CANTILEVERS; STABILITY AB Microcantilevers functionalized with DNA incorporating a Hind III restriction endonuclease site were digested with Hind III to produce DNA with a single-stranded end on the cantilever surface. Ligase was then used to link a second DNA molecule with a compatible end to the DNA on the cantilever. Nanomechanical motion of the cantilever was monitored throughout the digestion and ligation. Fluorescently labeled DNA was used to confirm that ligation and digestion occurred. The DNA was attached to the silicon side because Hind III and DNA ligase both require dithiothreitol to retain their activity. We therefore avoided the possibility that thiolated DNA on the gold side of the cantilever would be displaced by thiol-containing compounds in solution. Our results show that any natural DNA containing a restriction endonuclease site could be digested and attached to a cantilever functionalized with a compatible DNA. Our results also show that the ligated DNA can be removed, regenerating the cantilever for future use. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stevenson, KA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 12 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 23 BP 8732 EP 8736 DI 10.1021/la0262654 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 612QN UT WOS:000179087100004 ER PT J AU Veretennikov, I Indeikina, A Chang, HC Marquez, M Suib, SL Giraldo, O AF Veretennikov, I Indeikina, A Chang, HC Marquez, M Suib, SL Giraldo, O TI Mechanism for helical gel formation from evaporation of colloidal solutions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article AB We use MRI imaging to decipher the physical mechanism behind helical gel formation when a colloidal solution is evaporated from a small vertical or inclined capillary. A gel column, surrounded by the solvent, is observed to appear in the middle of a capillary. For nearly vertical capillaries, the denser gel column buckles under gravity to form a loose spiral. Further heating leads to the formation of a helical vapor pocket, surrounded by asymmetric liquid menisci. As the heating continues, this vapor pocket propagates downward and traces the buckled column. If gravity buckling occurs and if the maximum thickness of the annular solvent film is less than the solvent capillary length, significant nonuniform vapor pressure builds up within the vapor bubble because the vapor's escape is obstructed and because the evaporation is nonuniform. This upward air pressure spiral is amplified by asymmetric menisci of the vapor pocket to produce a high liquid pressure gradient along the liquid spiral next to the helical vapor pocket. Both pressures are inversely proportional to the internal capillary diameter d, and together, they twist the buckled column to a much higher pitch. The balance of this force to the elastic force of the buckled column, which opposes coiling, leads to a minimum distance between pitches L that scales as d. When all the fluid outside the column has evaporated, the slow vapor release by the drying gel cannot provide sufficient pressure for coiling. Hence, the "compressed spring" starts to rewind and lengthen. The dominant force balance with the opposing dry friction force leads to a lower final pitch with an L similar to d(2) scaling. Both these scalings are consistent with our experimental data. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kraft Foods R&D, Nanotechnol Lab, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Veretennikov, I (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Chang, Hsueh-Chia/E-8048-2012; OI Giraldo Osorio, Oscar Hernan/0000-0002-9213-6348 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 12 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 23 BP 8792 EP 8798 DI 10.1021/la025987s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 612QN UT WOS:000179087100013 ER PT J AU DiMasi, E Patel, VM Sivakumar, M Olszta, MJ Yang, YP Gower, LB AF DiMasi, E Patel, VM Sivakumar, M Olszta, MJ Yang, YP Gower, LB TI Polymer-controlled growth rate of an amorphous mineral film nucleated at a fatty acid monolayer SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; DIRECTED INORGANIC CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPRESSED LANGMUIR MONOLAYER; ORIENTED CRYSTALLIZATION; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; SELECTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION; SILICATE FILMS; PHASES; CACO3; CUSO4-CENTER-DOT-5H(2)O AB The nucleation and growth rate of an amorphous mineral film at a Langmuir monolayer interface has been observed in situ with X-ray scattering techniques for the first time. We present measurements of a calcium carbonate film, nucleating at a fatty acid monolayer from a supersaturated calcium carbonate subphase containing a dilute poly(acrylic acid) additive, in emulation of biogenic mineralizing systems. The arachidic acid molecules were observed to self-assemble on the subphase into an untilted structure, with one bound Ca2+ ion per 14-25 surfactant molecules, and with a two-molecule planar centered rectangular unit cell with lattice constants a = 4.38 Angstrom and b = 8.51 Angstrom. Subsequently, an amorphous mineral phase forms beneath the monolayer, growing at a,rate of 22 Angstrom/h to a thickness of 300 A after about 15 h. The electron density of the film was 0.7 times that of crystalline calcium carbonate hexahydrate, suggesting that the precursor is a hydrated phase with an open structure. During film growth, no changes were observed in the in-plane scattering peaks from the arachidic acid monolayer. No intensity was observed at Bragg peak positions for anhydrous calcium carbonate minerals. These observations indicate that nucleation of the calcium carbonate film is not directed by atomic scale templating at the fatty acid, but is instead dictated by the redistribution of ions near the interface. We discuss the relevance of our study to template-directed nucleation in the contexts of biomineralization and biomimetic materials science. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP DiMasi, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Gower, Laurie/A-5947-2008 OI Gower, Laurie/0000-0003-2927-5406 NR 43 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 12 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 23 BP 8902 EP 8909 DI 10.1021/la0260032 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 612QN UT WOS:000179087100028 ER PT J AU Ernst, T Chang, L Jovicich, J Ames, N Arnold, S AF Ernst, T Chang, L Jovicich, J Ames, N Arnold, S TI Abnormal brain activation on functional MRI in cognitively asymptomatic HIV patients SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT; HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; METABOLITE ABNORMALITIES; DEMENTIA COMPLEX; MOTOR COMPLEX; TASK; INDIVIDUALS AB Background/Objectives: A previous fMRI study demonstrated increased brain activation during working memory tasks in patients with HIV with mild dementia. The current study aims to determine whether patients who are HIV-1 positive and have normal cognitive function also show increased brain activation on fMRI. Methods: Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI was performed in 10 patients with HIV (CD <500) and 10 age-, sex-, education-, and handedness-matched seronegative subjects. Each subject performed a battery of neuropsychological tests and fMRI with three tasks (0-back, 1-back, and 2-back) that required different levels of attention for working memory. Results: Compared with control subjects, patients with HIV showed greater magnitude of brain activation (BOLD signal intensity changes, P less than or equal to 0.001) in the lateral prefrontal cortex, with normal performance during fMRI and on a battery of neuropsychological tests. The patients with HIV also showed increased activated brain volume in the lateral prefrontal cortex (p = 0.007) but not in other activated regions, including the posterior parietal cortex, supplementary motor area, thalamus, caudate, and occipital cortex. The increase in activated brain volume was independent of task difficulty. Conclusion: Increased brain activation in subjects who are positive for HIV precedes clinical signs or deficits on cognitive tests. Early injury to the neural substrate may necessitate increased usage of brain reserve to maintain normal cognitive function. BOLD fMRI appears to be more sensitive than clinical and neuropsychological evaluations for detecting early HIV-associated brain injury. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Ernst, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jovicich, Jorge/D-2293-2010; OI Jovicich, Jorge/0000-0001-9504-7503 FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00425]; NIDA NIH HHS [5 K20 DA00280]; PHS HHS [1R01 61427-01] NR 63 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD NOV 12 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1343 EP 1349 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 613LT UT WOS:000179134300011 PM 12427881 ER PT J AU Tiemann-Boege, I Navidi, W Grewal, R Cohn, D Eskenazi, B Wyrobek, AJ Arnheim, N AF Tiemann-Boege, I Navidi, W Grewal, R Cohn, D Eskenazi, B Wyrobek, AJ Arnheim, N TI The observed human sperm mutation frequency cannot explain the achondroplasia paternal age effect SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR-3; APERT-SYNDROME; PARENTAL AGE; GERM-CELLS; NUCLEOTIDE; FGFR3; RATES; GENE; SUBSTITUTIONS; LOCALIZATION AB The lifelong spermatogonial stem cell divisions unique to male germ cell production are thought to contribute to a higher mutation frequency in males. The fact that certain de novo human genetic conditions (e.g., achondroplasia) increase in incidence with the age of the father is consistent with this idea. Although it is assumed that the paternal age effect is the result of an increasing frequency of mutant sperm as a man grows older, no direct molecular measurement of the germ-line mutation frequency has been made to confirm this hypothesis. Using sperm DNA from donors of different ages, we determined the frequency of the nucleotide substitution in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene that causes achondroplasia. Surprisingly, the magnitude of the increase in mutation frequency with age appears insufficient to explain why older fathers have a greater chance of having a child with this condition. A number of alternatives may explain this discrepancy, including selection for sperm that carry the mutation or an age-dependent increase in premutagenic lesions that remain unrepaired in sperm and are inefficiently detected by the PCR assay. C1 Univ So Calif, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. New Jersey Neurosci Inst, Edison, NJ 08820 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Burns & Allen Cedars Sinai Res Inst, Ahmanson Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Arnheim, N (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Tiemann-Boege, Irene/H-4437-2012 OI Tiemann-Boege, Irene/0000-0002-3621-7020 NR 42 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 12 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 23 BP 14952 EP 14957 DI 10.1073/pnas.232568699 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 615AZ UT WOS:000179224800063 PM 12397172 ER PT J AU Moss, WC Irvine, DJ Davis, MM Krummel, MF AF Moss, WC Irvine, DJ Davis, MM Krummel, MF TI Quantifying signaling-induced reorientation of T cell receptors during immunological synapse formation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PARTICLE TRACKING; ANTAGONIST LIGANDS; MINIMAL NUMBER; ACTIVATION; ANTIGEN; SURFACE; COMPLEXES; COSTIMULATION; RECOGNITION; STIMULATION AB Productive T cell recognition of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is normally accompanied by the formation of a cell-cell contact called the "immunological synapse." Our understanding of the steps leading up to this formation has been limited by the absence of tools for analyzing 3D surfaces and surface distributions as they change over time. Here we use a 3D fluorescence quantitation method to show that T cell receptors are recruited in bulk within the first minute after the onset of activation and with velocities ranging from 0.04 to 0.1 mum/s; a speed significantly greater than unrestricted diffusion. Our method reveals a second feature of this reorientation: a conformational change as the T cell pushes more total membrane into the interface creating a larger contact area for additional receptors. Analysis of individual T cell receptor velocities using a single-particle tracking method confirms our velocity measurement. This method should permit the quantitation of other dynamic membrane events and the associated movement of cell-surface molecules. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Biol Engn Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Krummel, MF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [F32 AI 09594-01, AI22511, R01 AI022511, R37 AI022511] NR 32 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 12 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 23 BP 15024 EP 15029 DI 10.1073/pnas.192573999 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 615AZ UT WOS:000179224800075 PM 12415110 ER PT J AU Cauble, R Reisman, DB Asay, JR Hall, CA Knudson, MD Hemsing, WF Goforth, JH Tasker, DG AF Cauble, R Reisman, DB Asay, JR Hall, CA Knudson, MD Hemsing, WF Goforth, JH Tasker, DG TI Isentropic compression experiments to 1 Mbar using magnetic pressure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID Z-ACCELERATOR AB Isentropic compression experiments that utilize intense magnetic fields to compress samples have been designed, developed and performed. The technique has been shown to work to pressures of more than I Mbar on Sandia National Laboratory's Z pulsed power machine. We are extending the technique to use high-explosive pulsed power. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cauble, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 44 BP 10821 EP 10824 AR PII S0953-8984(02)38115-3 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/44/383 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 620PL UT WOS:000179541700083 ER PT J AU Yokoi, H Kakudate, Y Fujiwara, S Tozer, SW Kim, Y Takeyama, S Wojtowicz, T Karczewski, G Kossut, J AF Yokoi, H Kakudate, Y Fujiwara, S Tozer, SW Kim, Y Takeyama, S Wojtowicz, T Karczewski, G Kossut, J TI High-pressure and high-magnetic-field study of energy transfer from excitons into local d electrons in a CdTe/(Cd, Mn)Te quantum well structure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID CD1-XMNXTE; POLARONS; MN2+ AB Photoluminescence measurements have been conducted for a CdTe/Cd1-x Mn-x Te (x = 0.4) single-quantum-well structure at low temperatures under pressures to 0.49 GPa and magnetic fields to 60 T. At the ambient pressure, a new emission was induced by the application of a magnetic field. The emission has been assigned to exciton emission from the barrier layer, which is suppressed below 9 T due to the energy transfer from the exciton to local d electrons. At 0.49 GPa, the emission recovered at 44 T. In the field region where the energy transfer occurs, an anomalous red-shift of the exciton energy was observed clearly for the case of the ambient pressure. The alloy potential fluctuation effect and the magnetopolaron effect are examined as candidates for the mechanism to cause this phenomenon. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Yokoi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. RI Kossut, Jacek/K-9481-2016; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Kossut, Jacek/0000-0001-6165-3169; NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 44 BP 11001 EP 11006 AR PII S0953-8984(02)37283-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/44/417 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 620PL UT WOS:000179541700117 ER PT J AU Nellis, WJ AF Nellis, WJ TI High dynamic pressures and modest temperatures: a broad perspective and bridging the gap SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GPA 1.4 MBAR; COMPRESSED LIQUID-HYDROGEN; EQUATION-OF-STATE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; SHOCK COMPRESSION; FLUID HYDROGEN; ORIENTED GRAPHITE; PHASE-TRANSITION; SYNTHETIC URANUS AB Pressures up to a few 100 GPa and temperatures as high as a few 1000 K have been achieved with high dynamic pressures using a two-stage light-gas gun. Results are reviewed for molecular fluids, metallic hydrogen, solids, implications for planetary interiors, and structures and properties of materials recovered intact from high dynamic pressures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 44 BP 11045 EP 11054 AR PII S0953-8984(02)37327-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/44/425 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 620PL UT WOS:000179541700125 ER PT J AU Eggert, JH Weck, G Loubeyre, P AF Eggert, JH Weck, G Loubeyre, P TI Structure of liquid water at high pressures and temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING AB We report quantitatively accurate structure-factor and radial-distribution-function measurements of liquid water in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) using x-ray diffraction. During the analysis of our diffraction data, we found it possible (and necessary) to also determine the density. Thus, we believe we present the first-ever diffraction-based determination of a liquid structure factor and equation of state in a DAC experiment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CEA, SPMC, DPTA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Eggert, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 44 BP 11385 EP 11394 AR PII S0953-8984(02)38320-6 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/44/487 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 620PL UT WOS:000179541700187 ER PT J AU Pfutzner, M Badura, E Grzywacz, R Janas, Z Momayezi, M Bingham, C Blank, B Chartier, M Geissel, H Giovinazzo, J Hellstrom, M Kurcewiez, J Lalleman, AS Mazzocchi, C Mukha, I Plettner, C Roeckl, E Rykaczewski, KP Schmidt, K Simon, RS Stanoiu, M Thomas, JC AF Pfutzner, M Badura, E Grzywacz, R Janas, Z Momayezi, M Bingham, C Blank, B Chartier, M Geissel, H Giovinazzo, J Hellstrom, M Kurcewiez, J Lalleman, AS Mazzocchi, C Mukha, I Plettner, C Roeckl, E Rykaczewski, KP Schmidt, K Simon, RS Stanoiu, M Thomas, JC TI Charged-particle spectroscopy in the microsecond range following projectile fragmentation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE projectile fragmentation; charged particle spectroscopy; 2p radioactivity ID RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-IONS; NUCLEI; IDENTIFICATION; ENERGY AB We present a new approach to charged-particle spectroscopy of short-lived nuclei produced by relativistic projectile fragmentation. The system based on digital DGF-4C CAMAC modules and newly developed fast-reset preamplifiers was tested at the Fragment Separator of GSI. We were able to detect low-energy (approximate to 1 MeV) decay signals occurring a few microseconds after a heavy-ion implantation accompanied by a release of approximate to 1 GeV energy. Applications for the study of one- and two-proton radioactivity are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. XIA, Newark, CA 94560 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. ORNL, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. GANIL, F-14021 Caen, France. RP Pfutzner, M (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Ul Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 493 IS 3 BP 155 EP 164 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01567-X DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01567-X PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 615DF UT WOS:000179230000004 ER PT J AU Klei, SR Tilley, TD Bergman, RG AF Klei, SR Tilley, TD Bergman, RG TI Iridium(III) and rhodium(III) complexes bearing chelating cyclopentadienyl-phosphine ligands as C-H activation catalysts for the deuteration of hydrocarbons in D2O SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID WEAKLY COORDINATING ANIONS; BOND ACTIVATION; TRIMETHYLPHOSPHINE; DERIVATIVES; RUTHENIUM AB The complex Cp*(PMe3)IrCl2 (1) catalyzes H/D exchange between D2O and water-soluble organic and organometallic molecules in aqueous solution. This complex undergoes a ligand redistribution reaction to produce [Cp*(PMe3)(2)IrCl](CI) and (Cp*IrCl2)(2), which is believed to be responsible for an erosion of exchange activity at long reaction times. We therefore have devised strategies for synthesizing metal complexes which feature chelating cyclopentadienyl-phosphine ligands to inhibit the redistribution reaction. Multistep syntheses of the chelating cyclopentadienyl-phosphine complexes (eta(5):eta(1)-Me2PCH2CMe2C5H4)IrX2 (X = I (3), OTf (4)) are reported, as are one-pot procedures for the synthesis of (eta(5):eta(1)-Me2PCH2-SiMe2C5Me4)IrX2 (X = I (7), Br (8)) and (eta(5):eta(1)-Me2PCH2SiMe2C5Me4)RhX2 (X = I (11), Br (12)). We further report the preparation of (eta(5):eta(1)-Me2PCH2SiMe2C5Me4)Ir(OSO2CF3)(2) (9) and [eta(5):eta(1)-Me2PCH2SiMe2C5Me4)Ir(OH2)(2)](SO4) (10). Complexes 3 and 4 are not catalysts for the exchange of deuterium between D2O and organic substrates. Although the water-insoluble complexes 7, 8, 11, and 12 are also not active catalysts, the water-soluble complexes bearing the eta(5):eta(1)-Me2PCH2SiMe2C5Me4 ligand (9 and 10) are. These results imply that an electron-rich iridium center promotes catalytic C-H activation. The activities and lifetimes of these complexes in aqueous H/D exchange reactions with unactivated C-H bonds are similar to those of catalysts which do not contain chelating ligands. This suggests that catalyst deactivation occurs even when a chelating ligand is used. The relevance of these results to ligand redistribution reactions of Ir(III) is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 23 BP 4905 EP 4911 DI 10.1021/om020375o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 612WD UT WOS:000179097700006 ER PT J AU Clark, DL Gordon, JC Hay, PJ Martin, RL Poli, R AF Clark, DL Gordon, JC Hay, PJ Martin, RL Poli, R TI DFT study of tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl)lanthanum and -samarium SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; LANTHANIDE TRIHALIDES; AB-INITIO; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CHEMISTRY; HALIDES; BONDS AB DFT calculations have been carried out on the compounds Ln[CH(SiR2R')(SiR3)](3) for Ln La, Sm and W R = R' = Me, (ii) R = H, R' = Me, and (iii) R = R' = H. The results are compared with the X-ray structures that are available from the literature for both metals and R = R'= Me. The calculations correctly reproduce the experimental structural features in these complexes exhibiting the peculiar pyramidal coordination geometry. The results show significant increases in the Si-C bond lengths associated with beta-Si-C agostic interactions, whereas little structural changes are found for gamma-C-H agostic interactions. The latter are in fact repulsive. The simplified model system with R = H and R' = Me that retains one agostic methyl interaction in each alkyl ligand also correctly reproduces the essential geometrical features. The simplest model with only SiH3 groups, while also adopting a pyramidal coordination geometry, no longer accurately describes the real molecule, since the beta-Si-C agostic interactions are replaced by beta-Si-H interactions. A Mulliken analysis of the electronic structure shows a relatively covalent Ln-C interaction with significant 5d orbital participation in the bonding. A number of calculations with different basis sets on the model system Sm[CH(SiH2Me)(SiH3)](3) shows that the addition of polarization functions (d functions on Si and C, p functions on H, or f functions on Sm) has little or no beneficial effect on the quality of the results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bourgogne, Fac Sci Gabriel, LSEO UMR 5632, Lab Synthese & Electrosynth Organomet, F-21000 Dijon, France. RP Hay, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Poli, Rinaldo/C-7483-2017 OI Poli, Rinaldo/0000-0002-5220-2515 NR 21 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 23 BP 5000 EP 5006 DI 10.1021/om020506l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 612WD UT WOS:000179097700019 ER PT J AU Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Moiseenko, VA Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Thompson, M Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN AF Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Moiseenko, VA Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Thompson, M Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Centrality dependence of high-p(T) hadron suppression in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; AA COLLISIONS; SPECTRA; MULTIPLICITY; QCD; PP; PA AB Inclusive transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons within 0.2B (B) over bar decays collected between 1999 and 2002 with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. We study events in which one neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in a final state containing a charmonium meson and the other B meson is determined to be either a B-0 or (B) over bar (0) from its decay products. The amplitude of the CP asymmetry, which in the standard model is proportional to sin2beta, is derived from the decay-time distributions in such events. We measure sin2beta=0.741+/-0.067(stat)+/-0.034(syst) and \lambda\=0.948+/-0.051(stat)+/-0.030(syst). The magnitude of lambda is consistent with unity, in agreement with the standard model expectation of no direct CP violation in these modes. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Elon Univ, Elon Univ, NC 27244 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lamanna, Ernesto/C-7658-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Levy, Stephen/C-3493-2011; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Torassa, Ezio/I-1788-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lamanna, Ernesto/0000-0002-7844-8230; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 12 TC 266 Z9 265 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 20 AR 201802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.201802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 610AL UT WOS:000178938500010 PM 12443469 ER PT J AU Butler, PA Humphreys, RD Greenlees, PT Herzberg, RD Jenkins, DG Jones, GD Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Rahkila, P Scholey, C Uusitalo, J Amzal, N Bastin, JE Brew, PMT Eskola, K Gerl, J Hammond, NJ Hauschild, K Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Hurstel, A Jones, PM Julin, R Juutinen, S Keenan, A Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Muikku, M Nieminen, P Odegard, SW Page, T Pakarinen, J Reiter, P Sletten, G Theisen, C Wollersheim, HJ AF Butler, PA Humphreys, RD Greenlees, PT Herzberg, RD Jenkins, DG Jones, GD Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Rahkila, P Scholey, C Uusitalo, J Amzal, N Bastin, JE Brew, PMT Eskola, K Gerl, J Hammond, NJ Hauschild, K Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Hurstel, A Jones, PM Julin, R Juutinen, S Keenan, A Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Muikku, M Nieminen, P Odegard, SW Page, T Pakarinen, J Reiter, P Sletten, G Theisen, C Wollersheim, HJ TI Conversion electron cascades in No-254(102) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTS; STATES; FISSION; NUCLEI AB The spectrum of prompt conversion electrons emitted by excited No-254 nuclei has been measured, revealing discrete lines arising from transitions within the ground state band. A striking feature is a broad distribution that peaks near 100 keV and comprises high multiplicity electron cascades, probably originating from M1 transitions within rotational bands built on high K states. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA SPhN, F-64291 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Butler, PA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. RI Gerl, Juergen/A-3255-2011; Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Pakarinen, Janne/F-6695-2010; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015; OI Pakarinen, Janne/0000-0001-8944-8757; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022; Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 21 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 20 AR 202501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.202501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 610AL UT WOS:000178938500013 PM 12443472 ER PT J AU Moldovan, D Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR AF Moldovan, D Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR TI Scaling behavior of grain-rotation-induced grain growth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FILMS AB Recent investigations of grain growth in nanocrystalline materials have revealed a new growth mechanism: grain-rotation-induced grain coalescence. Based on a simple model employing a stochastic theory and using computer simulations, here we investigate the coarsening of a polycrystalline microstructure due solely to the grain-rotation coalescence mechanism. Our study demonstrates that this mechanism exhibits power-law growth with a universal scaling exponent. The value of this universal growth exponent is shown to depend on the assumed mechanism by which the grain rotations are accommodated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Moldovan, D (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012 NR 17 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 20 AR 206101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.206101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 610AL UT WOS:000178938500030 PM 12443489 ER PT J AU Nie, XB Ben-Naim, E Chen, SY AF Nie, XB Ben-Naim, E Chen, SY TI Dynamics of freely cooling granular gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INELASTIC COLLAPSE; DIMENSIONS; MEDIA; SIMULATIONS; PARTICLES; SYSTEM; STATE; FLOW AB We study dynamics of freely cooling granular gases in two dimensions using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. We find that for dilute systems the typical kinetic energy decays algebraically with time, E(t)similar tot(-1), and velocity statistics are characterized by a universal Gaussian distribution in the long time limit. We show that in the late clustering regime particles move coherently as typical local velocity fluctuations, Deltav, are small compared with the typical velocity, Deltav/vsimilar tot(-1/4). Furthermore, locally averaged shear modes dominate over acoustic modes. The small thermal velocity fluctuations suggest that the system can be heuristically described by Burgers-like equations. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 27 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 20 AR 204301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.204301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 610AL UT WOS:000178938500020 PM 12443479 ER PT J AU Hughes, DA AF Hughes, DA TI Scaling of deformation-induced microstructures in fcc metals SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE scaling; dislocations; misorientation angle; spacing; distributions; rolling; grain subdivision ID DISLOCATION CELL STRUCTURES; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GRAIN-ORIENTATION; BOUNDARIES; DISORIENTATIONS; PARAMETERS; TENSION AB Similarities in microstructural patterns developing during monotonic deformation of fcc metals and alloys are demonstrated via observations and scaling laws that indicate the operation of similar dislocation mechanisms for a wide range of materials and deformation conditions. A requirement is for sufficient three-dimensional dislocation mobility to create three-dimensional structures. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hughes, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 10 BP 697 EP 703 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00186-0 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00186-0 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 615GA UT WOS:000179236400009 ER PT J AU Bennett, DP Becker, AC Quinn, JL Tomaney, AB Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Calitz, JJ Cook, KH Drake, AJ Fragile, PC Freeman, KC Geha, M Griest, K Johnson, BR Keller, SC Laws, C Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Popowski, P Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Rhie, SH Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Vandehei, T Welch, D AF Bennett, DP Becker, AC Quinn, JL Tomaney, AB Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Calitz, JJ Cook, KH Drake, AJ Fragile, PC Freeman, KC Geha, M Griest, K Johnson, BR Keller, SC Laws, C Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Popowski, P Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Rhie, SH Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Vandehei, T Welch, D CA MACHO Collaboration MPS Collaboration TI Gravitational microlensing events due to stellar-mass black holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : bulge; gravitational lensing ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; GALACTIC-BULGE; MACHO PROJECT; LENSING EXPERIMENT; BINARY-SOURCE; WHITE-DWARFS; PHOTOMETRY; PARALLAX AB We present an analysis of the longest timescale microlensing events discovered by the MACHO Collaboration during a 7 year survey of the Galactic bulge. We find six events that exhibit very strong microlensing parallax signals due, in part, to accurate photometric data from the GMAN and MPS collaborations. The microlensing parallax fit parameters are used in a likelihood analysis, which is able to estimate the distances and masses of the lens objects based on a standard model of the Galactic velocity distribution. This analysis indicates that the most likely masses of five of the six lenses are greater than 1 M-circle dot, which suggests that a substantial fraction of the Galactic lenses may be massive stellar remnants. This could explain the observed excess of long-timescale microlensing events. The lenses for events MACHO-96-BLG-5 and MACHO-98-BLG-6 are the most massive, with mass estimates of M/M-circle dot = 6(-3)(+10) and M/M-circle dot = 6(-3)(+7), respectively. The observed upper limits on the absolute brightness of main-sequence stars for these lenses are less than 1 L-circle dot, so both lenses are black hole candidates. The black hole interpretation is also favored by a likelihood analysis with a Bayesian prior using a conventional model for the lens mass function. We consider the possibility that the source stars for some of these six events may lie in the foreground Galactic disk or in the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy behind the bulge, but we find that bulge sources are likely to dominate our microlensing parallax event sample. Future Hubble Space Telescope observations of these events can either confirm the black hole lens hypothesis or detect the lens stars and provide a direct measurement of their masses. Future observations of similar events by the Space Interferometry Mission or the Keck or VLT interferometers, as explained by Delplancke, Gorski, & Richichi, will allow direct measurements of the lens masses for stellar remnant lenses as well. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Supercomp Facil, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Orange Free State, Dept Phys, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. Univ Minnesota, Tate Lab Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Bennett, DP (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, 225 Nieuwland Sci Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 68 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 2 BP 639 EP 659 DI 10.1086/342225 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 612EZ UT WOS:000179062700017 ER PT J AU Wang, L Wheeler, JC Hoflich, P Khokhlov, A Baade, D Branch, D Challis, P Filippenko, AV Fransson, C Garnavich, P Kirshner, RP Lundqvist, P McCray, R Panagia, N Pun, CSJ Phillips, MM Sonneborn, G Suntzeff, NB AF Wang, L Wheeler, JC Hoflich, P Khokhlov, A Baade, D Branch, D Challis, P Filippenko, AV Fransson, C Garnavich, P Kirshner, RP Lundqvist, P McCray, R Panagia, N Pun, CSJ Phillips, MM Sonneborn, G Suntzeff, NB TI The axisymmetric ejecta of supernova 1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernova remnants; supernovae : individual (SN 1987A) ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SN 1987A; NEUTRINO RADIATION; SN-1987A; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; POLARIZATION; EXPLOSIONS; EMISSION; LINE; JET AB Extensive early observations proved that the ejecta of supernova 1987A (SN 1987A) are aspherical. The most important of these early observations include (1) the "Bochum event" that revealed small-scale spectroscopic structure indicating chemical inhomogeneities of the ejecta, (2) spectropolarimetry that showed deviations from spherical symmetry, and ( 3) speckle observations that revealed both the asymmetry of the ejecta and the "mystery spot" manifested as a secondary source off center from the bulk of the supernova ejecta. Fifteen years after the supernova explosion, the Hubble Space Telescope has resolved the rapidly expanding ejecta. The late-time images and spectroscopy provide a geometrical picture that is consistent with early observations and suggests a highly structured, axially symmetric geometry. We present here a new synthesis of the old and new data. We show that the Bochum event, presumably a clump of Ni-56, and the late-time image, the locus of excitation by Ti-44, are most naturally accounted for by sharing a common position angle of about 14degrees the same as the mystery spot and early speckle data on the ejecta, and that they are both oriented along the axis of the inner circumstellar ring at 45degrees to the plane of the sky. We also demonstrate that the polarization represents a prolate geometry with the same position angle and axis as the early speckle data and the late-time image, and hence that the geometry has been fixed in time and throughout the ejecta. The Bochum event and the Doppler kinematics of the [Ca II]/[O II] emission in spatially resolved Hubble Space Telescope spectra of the ejecta can be consistently integrated into this geometry. The radioactive clump is deduced to fall approximately along the axis of the inner circumstellar ring and therefore to be redshifted in the north, whereas the [Ca II]/[O II] 7300 Angstrom emission is redshifted in the south. We present a jet-induced model for the explosion and argue that such a model can account for many of the observed asymmetries. In the jet models, the oxygen and calcium are not expected to be distributed along the jet but primarily in an expanding torus that shares the plane and northern blue shift of the inner circumstellar ring. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stockholm Observ, AlbaNova, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. ESA, Dept Space Sci, F-75738 Paris 15, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Astron & Space Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Carnegie Observ, Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 50-232,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sonneborn, George/D-5255-2012 NR 59 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 2 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1086/342824 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 612EZ UT WOS:000179062700019 ER PT J AU Misra, A Hirth, JP Kung, H AF Misra, A Hirth, JP Kung, H TI Single-dislocation-based strengthening mechanisms in nanoscale metallic multilayers SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID MODULATED THIN-FILMS; CU-NI MULTILAYERS; DEFORMATION; HARDNESS; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; MODEL AB A breakdown from the dislocation-pile-up-based Hall-Petch model is typically observed in metallic multilayers when the layer thickness (one half of the bilayer period) is of the order of a few tens of nanometres. The multilayer strength, however, continues to increase with decreasing layer thickness to a few nanometres. A model based on the glide of single dislocations is developed to interpret the increasing strength of multilayered metals with decreasing layer thickness when the Hall Petch model is no longer applicable. The model is built on the hypothesis that plastic flow is initially confined to one layer and occurs by the motion of single 'hairpin' dislocation loops that deposit misfit-type dislocations at the interface and transfer load to the other, elastically deforming layer. The composite yield occurs when slip is eventually transmitted across the interface, overcoming an additional resistance from the interface dislocation arrays. In a lower-bound estimate, the stress for the initial glide of 'hairpin' dislocation loops, confined to one layer, is similar to the classical Orowan stress. In the upper-bound estimate, the interaction of the glide loop with the existing misfit dislocation arrays at the interface is also considered in deriving the Orowan stress. The effect of in-plane residual stresses in the layers on the Orowan stress calculation is also considered. The model predictions compare favourably with experimentally measured strengths on Cu-based multilayers. When the layer thickness is decreased to a couple of nanometres, the strength reaches a plateau and, in some cases, drops with decreasing layer thickness. The single-dislocation model developed here predicts strengthening with decreasing layer thickness and, therefore, does not explain the deformation behaviour in this regime. In the regime of several nanometres, the deformation behaviour can be explained by dislocation transmission across the interface followed by glide of loops that span several layer thicknesses. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 35 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 5 U2 80 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 16 BP 2935 EP 2951 DI 10.1080/0141861021000014849 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 618CW UT WOS:000179401400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Sachenko, P Schneibel, JH Gladwell, I AF Zhang, W Sachenko, P Schneibel, JH Gladwell, I TI Coalescence of two particles with different sizes by surface diffusion SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY DIFFUSION; 2 PARTICLES; MOTION AB We study the coalescence of two particles with different sizes by surface diffusion, in the presence of a grain boundary, through mathematical modelling, numerical computation and physical experiment. We propose a proper set of joining conditions at the triple junctions and show computationally the development of a curved grain boundary. A unique experiment for the sintering of two microscale particles using focused ion beam machining is designed and implemented with thin Cu foils. The evolution of the sintering couples found after different annealing times agrees qualitatively with the simulation results based on the model and the proposed joining conditions. C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 16 BP 2995 EP 3011 DI 10.1080/01418610210164366 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 618CW UT WOS:000179401400008 ER PT J AU Raman, SV AF Raman, SV TI Raman spectra, structural units and durability of nuclear waste glasses with variations in composition and crystallization: implications for intermediate order in the glass network SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID SILICATE-GLASSES; VITREOUS SILICA; SPECTROSCOPY; SIO2 AB The Raman spectra of nuclear waste glasses are composed of large variations in half-width and intensity for the commonly observed bridging (Q(0)) and nonbridging (Q(1) to Q(4)) bands in silicate structures. With increase in waste concentration in a boroalummosilicate melt, the bands of quenched glasses are distinctly localized with half-width and intensity indicative of increase in atomic order. Since the nuclear waste glasses contain disparate components, and since the bands depart from the typical random network, a systematic study for the origin of these. bands as a function of composition and crystallization was undertaken. From a comparative study of Raman spectra of boroaluminosilicate glasses containing Na2O-ZrO2, Na2O-MgO, MgO-Na2O-ZrO2, Na2O-CaO-ZrO2, Na2O-CaO, and Na2O-MgO-CaF2 component sets and orthosilicate crystals of zircon and forsterite, intermediate order is inferred. An edge-sharing polyhedral structural unit is proposed to account for narrow bandwidth and high intensity for Q(2) antisymmetric modes, and decreased leaching of sodium with ZrO2 concentration in glass. The intense Q(4) band in nuclear waste glass is similar to the intertetrahedral antisymmetric modes in forsterite. The Raman spectra of zircon contains intratetrahedral quartz-like peaks and intertetrahedral non-bridging silicate peaks. The quartz-like peaks nearly vanish in the background of forsterite spectrum. This difference between the Raman spectra of the two orthosilicate crystals presumably results from their biaxial and uniaxial effects on polarizability ellipsoids. The results also reveal formation of 604, 956 and 961 cm(-1) defect bands with composition and crystallization. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Raman, SV (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,2525 NE Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 16 BP 3055 EP 3085 DI 10.1080/01418610210154718 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 618CW UT WOS:000179401400012 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A AF Bussmann-Holder, A TI T-c enhancement in multiphonon-mediated multiband superconductivity SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID OVERLAPPING BANDS; COEXISTENCE AB We study a model of a multiband Fermi-surface structure to investigate its effect on the superconducting transition temperature in the limit of a high number of bands. We consider a simple limit consisting of an infinite number of identical locally pairwise coupled bands with intraband and interband hopping and a multiband generalized Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Hamiltonian. The self-consistent mean-field system of equations which determines the intraband and interband order parameters decouples to two independent equations, unless the interband hopping integral is non-zero, in which case an energetically stable superconducting phase appears, where both the intraband and the interband gaps are non-zero. We demonstrate that for all values of the interband coupling constant the critical transition temperature is enhanced compared with the pure intraband critical transition temperature. The model is equivalent to a multiple momentum exchange originating from the interband coupling and thus modelling a highly anisotropic gap structure. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart 80, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Inst Adv Studies, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart 80, Germany. EM A.Bussmann-Holder@fkf.mpg.de NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 16 BP 1749 EP 1754 DI 10.1080/1364281021000050070 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 618CX UT WOS:000179401500004 ER PT J AU Dulub, O Boatner, LA Diebold, U AF Dulub, O Boatner, LA Diebold, U TI STM study of the geometric and electronic structure of ZnO(0001)-Zn, (000(1)over-bar)-O, (10(1)over-bar0), and (11(2)over-bar0) surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zinc oxide; scanning tunneling microscopy; low energy ion scattering (LEIS); low energy electron diffraction (LEED); surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; low index single crystal surfaces; surface defects; semiconducting surfaces ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; POLAR OXIDE SURFACES; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DECOMPOSITION; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; 0001 ZNO SURFACES; ZINC-OXIDE; FORMIC-ACID; CU FILMS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO AB The geometric and electronic structure of clean (000 1), (000(1) over bar), (11(2) over bar 0), and (10(1) over bar 0) faces of ZnO single crystals have been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and low-energy He+ ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS). All surfaces exhibit a (I x 1) termination but distinctly different terrace and step structures. On the zinc-terminated (0 0 0 I)-Zn surface, the terraces are covered with triangular islands and pits of different sizes, rotated by 180degrees with respect to those in the neighboring terraces. Single-layer steps with a height of similar to2.7 Angstrom are observed. Vicinal surfaces of (0 0 0 I)-Zn consist of terraces separated by alternating straight and saw-tooth-shaped steps. On the oxygen-terminated (000(1) over bar)-O surface, flat hexagonal terraces are separated by predominantly similar to5.3 Angstrom high-double-layer steps. The terraces are wide (similar to500 Angstrom) and smooth with no added islands and holes. They are not covered with a saturation coverage of hydrogen. Near-atomic-resolution images of the prism (10(1) over bar 0) surface show flat, rectangular terraces separated by single-layer steps (similar to3 Angstrom) running perpendicular to the <0 0 0 1> and <1(2) over bar 10 > directions. A high density of terraces with atomic rows running preferentially along the <0 0 0 1> directions was observed on the as-grown (11(2) over bar 0) surface. This surface is the least stable and tends to form long grooves that are similar to250 Angstrom wide and similar to50 Angstrom deep along the <1(2) over bar 10 > directions. STS measurements show semiconductor-like behavior of all the surfaces, but a slightly different I-V characteristic of the (000(1) over bar)-O face. Based on these results, structural models for the different surfaces are proposed and related to the stability and reactivity of ZnO surfaces. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM odulub@tulane.edu; diebold@tulane.edu RI Diebold, Ulrike/A-3681-2010; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Diebold, Ulrike/0000-0003-0319-5256; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 78 TC 261 Z9 263 U1 10 U2 115 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 519 IS 3 BP 201 EP 217 AR PII S0039-6028(02)02211-2 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02211-2 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 611FF UT WOS:000179005200006 ER PT J AU Zalensky, AO Siino, JS Gineitis, AA Zalenskaya, IA Tomilin, NV Yau, P Bradbury, EM AF Zalensky, AO Siino, JS Gineitis, AA Zalenskaya, IA Tomilin, NV Yau, P Bradbury, EM TI Human testis/sperm-specific histone H2B (hTSH2B) - Molecular cloning and characterization SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR BASIC-PROTEINS; HUMAN-SPERM CHROMATIN; N-TERMINUS; CENP-A; GENE; EXPRESSION; TH2B; SPERMATOGENESIS; RAT; SPERMIOGENESIS AB Human sperm, unlike the sperm of other mammals, contain replacement histones with unknown biological functions. Here, we report the identification of the novel human gene coding for a testis/sperm-specific histone H2B (hTSH2B). This variant histone is 85% homologous to somatic H2B and has over 93% homology with the testis H2B of rodents. Using genomic PCR, two genetic alleles of hTSH2B were found in the human population. The hTSH2B gene is transcribed exclusively in testis, and the corresponding protein is also present in mature sperm. We expressed recombinant hTSH2B and identified this protein with a particular H2B subtype expressed in vivo. The subnuclear distribution of H2B variants in sperm was determined using biochemical fractionation and immunoblotting. The H2B variant associated with telomere-binding activity (15) was solubilized by Triton X-100 or micrococcal nuclease extraction, whereas hTSH2B was relatively tightly bound in nuclei. Immunofluorescence showed that hTSH2B was concentrated in spots located at the basal nuclear area of a subpopulation (20% of cells) of mature sperm. This fact may be of particular importance, because the hTSH2B "positive" and "negative" sperm cells may undergo significantly different decondensation processes following fertilization. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zalensky, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD39830] NR 47 TC 91 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 8 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 45 BP 43474 EP 43480 DI 10.1074/jbc.M206065200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 612MZ UT WOS:000179081200132 PM 12213818 ER PT J AU Ferguson, MJ Meloni, G Gomez, H Neumark, DM AF Ferguson, MJ Meloni, G Gomez, H Neumark, DM TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of ClH2- and ClD2-: A probe of the Cl+H-2 van der Waals well and spin-orbit excited states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; TRANSITION-STATE; ANION AB Photoelectron (PE) spectra of ClH2- and ClD2- were measured at 299 nm (4.154 eV). Photodetachment of these anions accesses the prereactive van der Waals well on the ground state Cl+H-2 potential energy surface, as well as the low-lying spin-orbit excited states resulting from the interaction of Cl and Cl* with H-2. The PE spectra are dominated by two relatively narrow peaks corresponding to transitions to the neutral Cl . H-2 and Cl* . H-2 complexes. The energetics and widths of these features are interpreted in terms of the properties of the anion and neutral potential energy surfaces. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferguson, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 18 BP 8181 EP 8184 DI 10.1063/1.1518998 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 610YY UT WOS:000178990700002 ER PT J AU Yu, HG AF Yu, HG TI Two-layer Lanczos iteration approach to molecular spectroscopic calculation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY LEVELS; FILTER-DIAGONALIZATION METHOD; N-ATOM PROBLEM; QUANTUM SCATTERING; VECTOR PARAMETRIZATION; VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; MECHANICS; CH4; ISOTOPOMERS AB A two-layer Lanczos algorithm is suggested to calculate the rovibrational energy levels of polyatomic molecules in terms of a partitioned Hamiltonian. Such a Hamiltonian is formed in a set of orthogonal polyspherical coordinates. This algorithm solves the full dimensional eigenvalue problem in a reduced-dimensional (RD) way. By splitting the coordinates into radial and angular groups, one obtains two small RD Hamiltonians in each coordinate group. The eigenstates of each RD system are computed using either a standard or a guided spectral transform Lanczos method. These two subsystems are exactly coupled via a set of diabatic basis functions in the angular degrees of freedom without any dynamical approximation. The two-layer Lanczos algorithm is illustrated in detail using an example of the variational calculation of the vibrational energies of pentatomic molecules. An application to methane is given. Numerical results show that the two-layer Lanczos method is substantially more efficient, compared to the conventional Lanczos algorithm. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 NR 55 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 18 BP 8190 EP 8196 DI 10.1063/1.1511721 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 610YY UT WOS:000178990700004 ER PT J AU Piancastelli, MN Stolte, WC Ohrwall, G Yu, SW Bull, D Lantz, K Schlachter, AS Lindle, DW AF Piancastelli, MN Stolte, WC Ohrwall, G Yu, SW Bull, D Lantz, K Schlachter, AS Lindle, DW TI Fragmentation processes following core excitation in acetylene and ethylene by partial ion yield spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHAPE RESONANCES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; MOLECULES; ETHYNE; OXYGEN; C2H2 AB Partial ion yield spectroscopy provides a very detailed picture of fragmentation processes following core excitation in isolated molecules. We exploit this potential in the analysis of decay processes following C1s --> pi and C1s --> Rydberg excitations in ethylene and acetylene. We show that the relative intensity of spectral features related to the excitation to empty molecular orbitals or to Rydberg states is a function of the time variation of the fragmentation process. Namely, we see an intensity increase in the Rydberg states compared to the molecular orbitals as the fragmentation process becomes more extensive, a result attributable to the diffuse nature of the Rydberg virtual orbitals, which makes spectator decay more likely than participator decay. Therefore, the number of dissociative final states that can be reached from Rydberg excitation is higher than for excitation to empty molecular orbitals. In acetylene, we obtain the first direct evidence of the presence of a sigma* excitation embedded in the Rydberg series. The formation of the fragment H-2(+) in ethylene occurs following a recombination process, while in acetylene it is related to excess vibrational energy stored in the intermediate state. Furthermore, we can use the enhancement in channels corresponding to doubly charged species as an indication for the presence of shape resonances. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Chem Sci & Technol, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, INFM, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Piancastelli, MN (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Chem Sci & Technol, I-00133 Rome, Italy. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 18 BP 8264 EP 8269 DI 10.1063/1.1512276 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 610YY UT WOS:000178990700014 ER PT J AU Yang, KL Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Yang, KL Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C TI Monte Carlo simulations of electrical double-layer formation in nanopores SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; HYPERNETTED CHAIN; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ION CHANNELS; LIQUID WATER; MODEL; SOLVENT; ADSORPTION; MICROPORES AB The formation of the electrical double layer (EDL) in an aqueous solution in contact with the charged solid surfaces of a slit-type nanopore has been simulated by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and canonical Monte Carlo (CMC) methods. In the GCMC simulations, a primitive EDL model in which water is considered as a continuum and the ions are considered as hard spheres is used. The results are found to be slightly different from those predicted by the Gouy-Chapman model at low electrolyte concentration and low surface charge density. The GCMC results were then used as an initial condition for the CMC simulations of a nonprimitive model in which the EDL is composed of molecular water (four-point transferable intermolecular potential, together with fluctuating charge model), cations (Na+), and anions (Cl-). The nonprimitive model provides a very different view of the EDL at the atomic level. For example, a single layer of water molecules, instead of counterions, is strongly adsorbed on negatively charged surfaces. This feature cannot be observed in the Gouy-Chapman or in the primitive model. Moreover, because the charged surfaces are covered by water molecules, the maximum counterion concentration in a nanopore occurs at the center, instead of on the surfaces, of the pore. This phenomenon is also supported by experimental data and theoretical calculations found in the literature. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yiacoumi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Yang, Kun-Lin/C-2247-2011; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Yang, Kun-Lin/0000-0002-7958-9334; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 18 BP 8499 EP 8507 DI 10.1063/1.1511726 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 610YY UT WOS:000178990700039 ER PT J AU Nitsche, M Strickland, JH AF Nitsche, M Strickland, JH TI Extension of the gridless vortex method into the compressible flow regime SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE METHOD AB This paper proposes an extension of the gridless vortex method into the compressible flow regime. The proposed method consists of tracking particles in the flow that carry vorticity, divergence, temperature and density. The particle velocity is given by the Helmholtz decomposition law, which is approximated using the trapezoid rule. The evolution equations for the particle vorticity, divergence, temperature and density are evaluated using finite differences or least squares approximations for all derivatives. The method is applied to an isentropic model problem and compared to solutions obtained using an Eulerian scheme. Difficulties with the least squares approximation and with boundary conditions are discussed. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nitsche, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nitsche@math.unm; jhstric@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PD NOV 8 PY 2002 VL 3 AR 050 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 612ZJ UT WOS:000179105100001 ER PT J AU Grunes, J Zhu, J Anderson, EA Somorjai, GA AF Grunes, J Zhu, J Anderson, EA Somorjai, GA TI Ethylene hydrogenation over platinum nanoparticle array model catalysts fabricated by electron beam lithography: Determination of active metal surface area SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PARTICLE-SIZE; CYCLOHEXENE; PHASE; CO AB Pt nanoparticle array model catalysts with 28+/-2 nm diameters and 100+/-2 nm interparticle spacing have been fabricated with electron beam. lithography on alumina supports. A novel method for cleaning the Pt nanoparticle arrays, involving low dosages of NO2 and CO and mild temperature flashing, was established. This cleaning procedure was crucial for measuring reaction rates over the nanoparticle arrays. The reactivity of the Pt/Al2O3 arrays was compared to a Pt(111) single crystal for the ethylene hydrogenation reaction. The activation energy and the pressure dependence of the H-2, and C2H4 on the nanoparticle array were in excellent agreement with the kinetic data on the Pt(111) single-crystal model catalyst. Because the ethylene hydrogenation reaction is structure insensitive, the rate equation for Pt(111) can be applied to the Pt nanoparticle arrays. The calculated turnover frequency led to a calculated active metal surface area that compared very well with an active metal surface area on the basis of geometry. This reaction can therefore be used to determine the active metal surface area of the Pt nanoparticle array model catalysts. The arrays were characterized with AFM, SEM, XPS, and AES before and after being exposed to reaction conditions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 66-431,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 22 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 7 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 44 BP 11463 EP 11468 DI 10.1021/jp021641e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 611HW UT WOS:000179011500008 ER PT J AU Franzen, S Fritsch, K Brewer, SH AF Franzen, S Fritsch, K Brewer, SH TI Experimental observation of anharmonic coupling of the heme-doming and iron-ligand out-of-plane vibrational modes confirmed by density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HISTIDINE STRETCHING MODE; CYTOCHROME-C PEROXIDASE; RESONANCE RAMAN; INFRARED-SPECTRA; PROXIMAL LIGAND; H93G MYOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN; PROTEINS; BAND; SPECTROSCOPY AB In the deoxy ferrous state of histidine-ligated heme proteins, the iron-histidine band (nu(Fe-His)) has been assigned as a stretching mode that involves a two-body motion involving the iron and histidine combined with a minor amount of heme doming. An analogous Raman band, nu(Fe-L) has been observed in the proximal cavity mutant of H93G myoglobin where the Raman band of a series of normative axial ligands, L, can be compared. The H93G mutant of myoglobin consists of substitution of the proximal histidine, H93, by glycine. This replacement abolishes the sole covalent connection between the globin and the heme iron and creates a cavity that can be occupied by exogenous ligands, L, by dialysis. In the present study, the iron-axial-ligand out-of-plane vibration, nu(Fe-L), for a series deoxy ferrous heme-iron adducts H93G(L) has been measured as a function of temperature, where L = imidazole (Im), 4-methyl imidazole (4-Me Im), 2-methyl imidazole (2-Me Im), 1-methyl imidazole (1-Me Im), 4-bromo imidazole (4-Br Im), and 2,4-dimethyl imidazaole (2,4-diMe Im). Density functional theory calculations show that anharmonic,coupling between low wavenumber heme-doming and iron-ligand out-of-plane modes can account for the calculated nu(Fe-L) frequency shifts. These calculations parallel the experimental observed trends for temperature-dependent Raman spectra for all of the adducts except H93G-(1-Me Im). C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Franzen, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 7 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 44 BP 11641 EP 11646 DI 10.1021/jp0261197 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 611HW UT WOS:000179011500033 ER PT J AU Carr, GL Martin, MC McKinney, WR Jordan, K Neil, GR Williams, GP AF Carr, GL Martin, MC McKinney, WR Jordan, K Neil, GR Williams, GP TI Very high power THz radiation at Jefferson Lab SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We report the production of high power (20 W average, similar to1 MW peak) broadband THz light based on coherent emission from relativistic electrons. We describe the source, presenting theoretical calculations and their experimental verification. For clarity we compare this source with that based on ultra fast laser techniques, and in fact the radiation has qualities closely analogous to those produced by such sources, namely that it is spatially coherent, and comprises short duration pulses with transform-limited spectral content. In contrast to conventional THz radiation, however. the intensity is many orders of magnitude greater due to the relativistic enhancement. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Jefferson Lab, Free Electron Laser Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD NOV 7 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 21 BP 3761 EP 3764 AR PII S0031-9155(02)38948-6 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/313 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 618NZ UT WOS:000179425300014 PM 12452565 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Crittenden, J Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Piotrzkowski, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Derrick, M Drews, G Fourletova, J Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Martinez, M Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Wessoleck, H Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Raach, H Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Matsushita, T Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Loizides, JH West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Crittenden, J Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Piotrzkowski, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Derrick, M Drews, G Fourletova, J Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Martinez, M Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Wessoleck, H Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Raach, H Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Matsushita, T Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Loizides, JH West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Inclusive jet cross sections in the Breit frame in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA and determination of alpha(s) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; DYNAMICAL PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH STATISTICS MEASUREMENT; LEPTON-NUCLEON SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; STRONG-COUPLING CONSTANT; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; F-2 STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; COLOR DIPOLE MODEL AB Inclusive jet differential cross sections have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic e(+)p scattering for boson virtualities Q(2) > 125 GeV2. The data were taken using the ZEUS detector at HERA and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb(-1). Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the longitudinally invariant k(T) cluster algorithm. Measurements of differential inclusive jet cross sections a-re presented as functions of jet transverse energy (E-T.jet(B)), jet pseudorapidity and Q(2), for jets with E-T.jet(B) > 8 GeV. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations agree well with the measurements both at high Q(2) and high E-T.jet(B). The value of alpha(s) (M-Z), determined from an analysis of dsigma/dQ(2) for Q(2) > GeV2, is alphas (M-Z) = 0.1212 +/- 0.0017(stat.)(-0.0031)(+0.0023)(syst.)(-0.0027)(+0.0028)(th.). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM b.foster@bristol.ac.uk RI Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622 NR 91 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 7 PY 2002 VL 547 IS 3-4 BP 164 EP 180 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02763-6 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02763-6 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 613PC UT WOS:000179139800006 ER PT J AU Tian, ZRR Voigt, JA Liu, J Mckenzie, B Mcdermott, MJ AF Tian, ZRR Voigt, JA Liu, J Mckenzie, B Mcdermott, MJ TI Biommetic arrays of oriented helical ZnO nanorods and columns SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BIOMINERALIZATION; MACROMOLECULES; NUCLEATION; ARAGONITE; PROTEINS; GROWTH C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Tian, Z. Ryan /R-6671-2016 OI Tian, Z. Ryan /0000-0002-5644-8483 NR 12 TC 427 Z9 436 U1 3 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 6 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 44 BP 12954 EP 12955 DI 10.1021/ja0279545 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 610NM UT WOS:000178966700015 PM 12405815 ER PT J AU Nozaki, C Lugmair, CG Bell, AT Tilley, TD AF Nozaki, C Lugmair, CG Bell, AT Tilley, TD TI Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of single-site iron(III) centers on the surface of SBA-15 silica SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON PHOSPHATE CATALYSTS; LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATIONS; MOLECULAR PRECURSOR; ALKANE FUNCTIONALIZATION; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; BIOMIMETIC OXIDATION; ZIRCONIA CATALYSTS; MESOPOROUS SILICA AB A new molecular precursor strategy has been used to prepare a series of single-site catalysts that possess isolated iron centers supported on mesoporous SBA-15 silica. The iron centers were introduced via grafting reactions of the tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy iron(III) complex Fe[OSi(OBu)(3)](3)(THF) with SBA-15 in dry hexane. This complex reacts cleanly with the hydroxyl groups of SBA-15 to eliminate HOSi(O'Bu)(3) (as moniored by (1)H NMR spectroscopy) with formation of isolated surface species of the type equivalent toSiO-Fe-[OSi(O'Bu)(3)](2)(THF). In this way, up to 21% of the hydroxyl sites on SBA-15 were derivatized (0.23 Fe nm(-2)), and iron loadings in the range of 0.0-1.90% were achieved. The structure of the surface-bound iron species, as determined by spectroscopic methods (electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-vis, and in situ infrared measurements) and by elemental analyses, contains a pseudotetrahedral iron(Ill) center. The THF ligand of this surface-bound complex was quantitatively displaced by acetonitrile (by 1H NMR spectroscopy). Calcination of these materials at 300 degreesC for 2 h under oxygen resulted in removal of all organic matter and site-isolated iron surface species that are stable to condensation to iron oxide clusters. Spectroscopic data (UV-vis and EPR) suggest that the iron centers retain a mononuclear, pseudotetrahedral iron(III) structure after calcination. The calcinated, iron-grafted SBA-15 materials exhibit high selectivities as catalysts for oxidations of alkanes, alkenes, and arenes, with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Nalt Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilly@socrates.berkeley.edu OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 93 TC 147 Z9 151 U1 4 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 6 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 44 BP 13194 EP 13203 DI 10.1021/ja020388t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 610NM UT WOS:000178966700048 PM 12405848 ER PT J AU Chen, CCH Zhang, H Kim, AD Howard, A Sheldrick, GM Mariano-Dunaway, D Herzberg, O AF Chen, CCH Zhang, H Kim, AD Howard, A Sheldrick, GM Mariano-Dunaway, D Herzberg, O TI Degradation pathway of the phosphonate ciliatine: Crystal structure of 2-aminoethylphosphonate transaminase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLI ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; DEPENDENT ENZYMES; DIFFRACTION DATA; 2 CONFORMATIONS; AMINO-ACID; PHOSPHATE; RHIZOBITOXINE AB Phosphonates allow certain organisms to thrive in otherwise hostile environments, and 2-aminoethylphosphonate (AEP) is a precursor of many cellular phosphonates. AEP transaminase (AEPT) is an enzyme essential to phosphonate synthesis and degradation pathways. The crystal structure of AEP transaminase was determined by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction of 66 selenium atoms. The refined structure at 2.2 Angstrom resolution revealed an overall fold and active site location similar to those of the dimeric, two-domain structure of type I aminotransferases. The active site contains a cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), and the product phosphonoacetaldehyde. Comparison with other type I aminotransferase structures shows that the PLP-protein interactions are conserved. Modeling of bound substrates and products reveals the structural basis for AEP recognition and the stereospecificity of proton elimination at the cc-carbon and indicates conformational changes along the reaction pathway. C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Gottingen, Dept Struct Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM osiiat@carb.nist.gov RI ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1P41 RR12408-01A1]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM28688] NR 53 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 44 BP 13162 EP 13169 DI 10.1021/bi026231v PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 609QG UT WOS:000178916000006 PM 12403617 ER PT J AU Kankia, BI Soto, AM Burns, N Shikiya, R Tung, CS Marky, LA AF Kankia, BI Soto, AM Burns, N Shikiya, R Tung, CS Marky, LA TI DNA oligonucleotide duplexes containing intramolecular platinated cross-links: Energetics, hydration, sequence, and ionic effects SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE cisplatin; DNA; thermodynamics; structural hydration; ultrasound velocity; volume; compressibility; heat; stability; DNA bending ID ANTICANCER DRUG CISPLATIN; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ACID MODELING TOOL; DIFFERENTIAL HYDRATION; EXCISION NUCLEASE; MAJOR ADDUCT; STRANDED DNA; BASE-PAIRS; THERMODYNAMICS; STABILITY AB The anticancer activity of cisplatin arises from its ability to bind covalently to DNA, forming primarily intrastrand cross-links to adjacent purine residues; the most common adducts involve d(GpG) (65%) and d(ApG) (25%) intrastrand cross-links. The incorporation of these platinum adducts in a B-DNA helix induces local distortions, causing bending and unwinding of the DNA. In this work, we used temperature-dependent UV spectroscopy to investigate the unfolding thermodynamics, and associated ionic effects, of two sets of DNA decamer duplexes containing either cis-[Pt(NH3)(2)[d(GpG}] or cis-[Pt(NH3)(2) {d(ApG}] cross-links, and their corresponding unmodified duplexes. The platinated duplexes are less stable and unfold with lower T(M)s (and DeltaGdegreess) in enthalpy-driven reactions, which indicates a loss of favorable base-pair stacking interactions. The folding thermodynamics and hydration effects for the first set of decamers containing the d(GpG) cross-link was investigated by a combination of titration calorimetry, density, and ultrasound techniques. The hydration parameters showed an uptake of structural water by the platinated duplex and a release of electrostricted water by the control duplex. Relative to the unmodified duplex, the folding of the platinated duplex at 20degreesC yielded a positive DeltaDeltaGdegrees term [and positive DeltaDeltaH-Delta(TDeltaS) compensation] and a negative differential volume change. The opposite signs of the DeltaDeltaGdegrees and DeltaDeltaV terms confirmed its uptake of structural water. Further, solvent-accessible surface areas calculations for a similar pair of dodecamer duplexes indicated that the modified duplex has a 503 oeAngstrom(2) higher polar and nonpolar surface area that is exposed to the solvent. Therefore, the incorporation of a platinum adduct in duplex DNA disrupts favorable base-pair stacking interactions, yielding a greater exposure of aromatic bases to the solvent, which in turn immobilizes structural water. The overall results correlate nicely with the results reported in the available structural data of nuclear magnetic resonance solution studies. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marky, LA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42223] NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1002/bip.10240 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 598KZ UT WOS:000178276200007 PM 12228927 ER PT J AU Toufektsian, MC Riou, LM Yang, ZQ Ramos, SI Goode, AR Majewski, S Ruiz, M Lima, RL Hatada, K Watson, DD Beller, GA French, BA Glover, DK AF Toufektsian, MC Riou, LM Yang, ZQ Ramos, SI Goode, AR Majewski, S Ruiz, M Lima, RL Hatada, K Watson, DD Beller, GA French, BA Glover, DK TI Tc-99m-RP517 Imaging with a novel ultra-high resolution gamma camera accurately delineates the area and degree of post-ischemic inflammation in a murine model of myocardial infarction SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RI Riou, Laurent/M-4562-2014 OI Riou, Laurent/0000-0002-9240-4680 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S MA 1924 BP 386 EP 387 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142701962 ER PT J AU Vanden Hoek, TL Kasza, KE Abella, B Zhao, DH Jayakar, D Jayakar, D Williams, U Padrid, P Idris, AH Wardrip, C Becker, LB AF Vanden Hoek, TL Kasza, KE Abella, B Zhao, DH Jayakar, D Jayakar, D Williams, U Padrid, P Idris, AH Wardrip, C Becker, LB TI Rapid brain and chest cooling during CPR using intravenous and intrapulmonary phase-change ice slurry SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S MA 2455 BP 497 EP 497 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142702493 ER PT J AU Goodarzi, MO Guo, XQ Taylor, KD Quinones, M Yang, HY Samayoa, C Saad, MF Palotie, A Krauss, RM Hsueh, WA Rotter, JI AF Goodarzi, MO Guo, XQ Taylor, KD Quinones, M Yang, HY Samayoa, C Saad, MF Palotie, A Krauss, RM Hsueh, WA Rotter, JI TI Lipoprotein lipase gene haplotypes in Mexican-Americans: Structure and association with coronary artery disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S MA 3702 BP 754 EP 754 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142703738 ER PT J AU Goodarzi, MO Guo, XQ Taylor, KD Quinones, M Yang, HY Samayoa, C Saad, MF Palotie, A Krauss, RM Hsueh, WA Rotter, JI AF Goodarzi, MO Guo, XQ Taylor, KD Quinones, M Yang, HY Samayoa, C Saad, MF Palotie, A Krauss, RM Hsueh, WA Rotter, JI TI Lipoprotein lipase gene haplotypes in Mexican-Americans: Structure and association with coronary artery disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S BP R EP R PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142700029 ER PT J AU Wang, HC Aubuchon, SR Thompson, DG Osborn, JC Marsh, AL Nichols, WR Schoonover, JR Palmer, RA AF Wang, HC Aubuchon, SR Thompson, DG Osborn, JC Marsh, AL Nichols, WR Schoonover, JR Palmer, RA TI Temperature-dependent dynamic mechanical analysis-Fourier transform infrared study of a poly(ester urethane) copolymer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID STEP-SCAN INTERFEROMETRY; FT-IR; LINEAR DICHROISM; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYPROPYLENE; STRAIN AB Variable temperature dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been combined and applied to rheooptical (DMA-FTIR) studies of thin films of a poly(ester urethane). In this study, dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD) measurements have been carried out at 25, -5, and -30 degreesC with the step-scan FTIR modulation/demodulation technique. The changes in both the in-phase and quadrature spectra as a function of temperature reveal different responses for the various functional groups as a function of temperature. In particular, as the temperature is lowered, the dynamic responses of structurally different carbonyl groups (hydrogen-bonded, free, urethane, ester) are clearly differentiated. The changes in dynamic response are related to changes in the hydrogen-bonding interactions in this polymer as well as to distinction between different molecular-level microenvironments. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Ta Instruments Inc, New Castle, DE 19720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Palmer, RA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Box 90346, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 23 BP 8794 EP 8801 DI 10.1021/ma012135a PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 610HF UT WOS:000178954100025 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Zettl, A AF Han, WQ Zettl, A TI An efficient route to graphitic carbon-layer-coated gallium nitride nanorods SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES AB A polyacrylic acid film saturated wit Cu2+ ions displays redox-switchable electrorefractive, electrochromic, and conductivity functions upon reduction of Cu2+ to Cu-0. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, adsorption spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements are used to examine these functions, which are demonstrated to be fully reversible. New types of optical filters and modulators, optoelectronic devices, and smart windows could potentially be constructed from such hybrid polymers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@physics.berkeley.edu RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 21 BP 1560 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-4095(20021104)14:21<1560::AID-ADMA1560>3.0.CO;2-P PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 619BX UT WOS:000179454400012 ER PT J AU Guillorn, MA Melechko, AV Merkulov, VI Hensley, DK Simpson, ML Lowndes, DH AF Guillorn, MA Melechko, AV Merkulov, VI Hensley, DK Simpson, ML Lowndes, DH TI Self-aligned gated field emission devices using single carbon nanofiber cathodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMITTER ARRAYS; FABRICATION AB We report on the fabrication and operation of integrated gated field emission devices using single vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) cathodes where the gate aperture has been formed using a self-aligned technique based on chemical mechanical polishing. We find that this method for producing gated cathode devices easily achieves structures with gate apertures on the order of 2 mum that show good concentric alignment to the VACNF emitter. The operation of these devices was explored and field emission characteristics that fit well to the Fowler-Nordheim model of emission was demonstrated. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Thin Film & Nanostruct Mat Phys Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guillorn, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016; OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765; Baylor, Larry/0000-0002-0325-7771 NR 19 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 19 BP 3660 EP 3662 DI 10.1063/1.1517718 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 609ZA UT WOS:000178935200048 ER PT J AU Barkigia, KM Palacio, M Sun, Y Nogues, M Renner, MW Varret, F Battioni, P Mansuy, D Fajer, J AF Barkigia, KM Palacio, M Sun, Y Nogues, M Renner, MW Varret, F Battioni, P Mansuy, D Fajer, J TI Air-stable, electron-deficient Fe(II) catalytic porphyrins. characterization and molecular structures of rare high spin Fe(II) hexacoordinated porphyrins SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HALOGENATED IRON PORPHYRINS; REDOX PROPERTIES; COMPLEXES; STATE; POLYNITROPORPHYRINS; HYDROXYLATION; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; BEARING; S=3/2 AB The synthesis, characterization, and molecular structures of the first air-stable, hexacoordinated high spin Fe(II) porphyrins (1) with axial alcohols are reported (1 = Fe(II) meso-tetrakis(o-dichlorophenyl)-beta-octanitroporphyrin). The structure of 1 with two axial waters is also presented. The very different conformations and metrics observed with the two types of ligands illustrate the acute interplay between ligands, conformations, and spin states in Fe porphyrins. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Versailles, Lag Magnetisme & Opt, F-78035 Versailles, France. Univ Paris 05, UMR 8601, F-75270 Paris, France. RP Fajer, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 22 BP 5647 EP 5649 DI 10.1021/ic025869s PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 609VV UT WOS:000178926400005 PM 12401065 ER PT J AU Basler, R Chaboussant, G Sieber, A Andres, H Murrie, M Kogerler, P Bogge, H Crans, DC Krickemeyer, E Janssen, S Mutka, H Muller, A Gudel, HU AF Basler, R Chaboussant, G Sieber, A Andres, H Murrie, M Kogerler, P Bogge, H Crans, DC Krickemeyer, E Janssen, S Mutka, H Muller, A Gudel, HU TI Inelastic neutron scattering on three mixed-valence dodecanuclear polyoxovanadate clusters SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEARITY SPIN CLUSTERS; BULK MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-LEVELS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; VANADIUM(IV); EXCITATIONS; ANISOTROPY AB The magnetic exchange interactions in the mixed-valence dodecanuclear polyoxovanadate compounds Na-4[V(8)(IV)V(4)(V)A(8)(III)O(40)(H2O)].23H(2)O, Na-4[(V8V4As8O40)-V-IV-As-V-O-III(D2O)].16.5D(2)O, and (NHEt3)(4)[(V8V4As8O40)-V-IV-As-V-O-III(H2O)].H2O were investigated by an inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study using cold neutrons. In addition, the synthesis procedures and the single-crystal X-ray structures of these compounds have been investigated together with the temperature dependence of their magnetic susceptibilities. The magnetic properties below 100 K can be described by simply taking into account an antiferromagnetically exchange coupled tetramer, consisting of four vanadium(IV) ions. Up to four magnetic transitions between the cluster S = 0 ground state and excited states could be observed by INS. The transition energies and the relative INS intensities could be modeled on the basis of the following exchange Hamiltonian: (S) over cap (ex) = -2J(12)(xy)((S) over cap (1x)(S) over cap (2x) + (S) over cap (3x)(S) over cap (4x) + (S) over cap (1y)(S) over cap (2y) + (S) over bar (3y)(S) over bar (4y)) - 2J(12)(z)((S) over bar (1z)(S) over bar (2z) + (S) over bar (3z)(S) over bar (4z)) - 2J(23)(xy)((S) over bar (2x)(S) over bar (3x) + (S) over bar (1x)(S) over cap (4x)+ (S) over cap (2y)(S) over cap (3y)+ (S) over cap (1y)(S) over cap (4y)) - 2J(23)(z)((S) over cap (2z)(S) over cap (3z) + (S) over cap (1z)(S) over cap (4z)). The following sets of parameters were derived: for Na-4[V12As8O40(H2O)].23H(2)O, J(12)(xy) = J(12)(z) = -0.80 meV, J(23)(xy) = J(23)(z) = -0.72 meV; for Na-4[V12As8O40(D2O)].16.5D(2)O, J(12)(xy) = J(12)(z) = J(23)(xy) = J(23)(z) = -0.78 meV; for (NHEt3)(4)[V12As8O40(H2O)].H2O, J(12)(xy) = -0.80 meV, J(12)(z) = -0.82 meV, J(23)(xy) = -0.67 meV, J(23)(z) = -0.69 meV. This study of the same {V12As8}-type cluster in three different crystal environments allows us to draw some conclusions concerning the applicability on INS in the area of nondeuterated molecular spin clusters. In addition, the effects of using nondeuterated samples and different sample container shapes for INS were evaluated. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fac Chem, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-5232 Villigen, PSI, Switzerland. PSI, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, PSI, Switzerland. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fac Chem, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RI Murrie, Mark/A-7906-2010; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; OI Murrie, Mark/0000-0001-7297-2878; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Muller, Achim/0000-0003-0117-4021 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 22 BP 5675 EP 5685 DI 10.1021/ic0202099 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 609VV UT WOS:000178926400011 PM 12401071 ER PT J AU Nash, KL Lavallette, C Borkowski, M Paine, RT Gan, XM AF Nash, KL Lavallette, C Borkowski, M Paine, RT Gan, XM TI Features of the thermodynamics of two-phase distribution reactions of americium(III) and europium(III) nitrates into solutions of 2,6-bis[(bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphino)methyl]pyridine N,P,P '-trioxide SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; 2,6-BIS<(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHYL>PYRIDINE N,P,P'-TRIOXIDE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; TRUEX PROCESS; NITRIC-ACID; ACTINIDES; COMPLEX; OXIDES; WASTES AB New bifunctional and trifunctional organophosphorus ligands, 2-[(bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphino)methyl]pyridine N,P-dioxide, DEH(MNOPO), and 2,6-bis[(bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphino)methyl]pyridine N,P,P'-trioxide, TEH(NOPOPO), have been synthesized. In contrast with previously reported phenyl derivatives, the increased solubility of these ligands in normal paraffinic hydrocarbon solvents make them attractive reagents for actinide partitioning. While the bifunctional reagent DEH(MNOPO) interacts with Eu3+ and Am3+ comparatively weakly, the trifunctional TEH(NOPOPO) exhibits moderate to high ability to transfer the trisnitrato complexes of these ions into n-dodecane from acidic aqueous solutions. We report here the details of TEH(NOPOPO) and DEH(MNOPO) preparation and of their ability to extract HNO3, Am(NO3)(3), and Eu(NO3)(3) into paraffinic hydrocarbons. The trifunctional TEH(NOPOPO) can extract up to two molecules of HNO3. The dominant extracted species for both Am(NO3)(3) and Eu(NO3)(3) has two TEH(NOPOPO) ligands associated over the range of temperatures 10-40 degreesC. From the variation in the equilibrium coefficients for the phase transfer reactions as a function of temperature, we have calculated the enthalpies and entropies for extraction of HNO3, Am(NO3)(3), and Eu(NO3)(3) into n-dodecane. Each metal nitrate is transferred into the organic phase in an exothermic process but opposed by an unfavorable (negative) entropy. The thermodynamic data are interpreted to indicate that the pyridine N-oxide is apparently a significantly weaker donor group for these metal ions than the phosphine oxides. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 22 BP 5849 EP 5858 DI 10.1021/ic025707w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 609VV UT WOS:000178926400033 PM 12401093 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK Haire, RG AF Gibson, JK Haire, RG TI Gas-phase chemistry of bare and oxo-ligated protactinium ions: A contribution to a systematic understanding of actinide chemistry SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-TRANSITION ENERGIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LANTHANIDE CATIONS; HYDROCARBON ACTIVATION; = TH; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS; BOND ACTIVATION AB Gas-phase chemistry of bare and oxo-ligated protactinium ions has been studied for the first time. Comparisons were made with thorium, uranium, and neptunium ion chemistry to further the systematic understanding of 5f elements. The rates of oxidation of Pa+ and PaO+ by ethylene oxide compared with those of the homologous uranium ions indicate that the first and second bond dissociation energies, BDE[Pa+-O] and BDE[OPa+-O], are approximately 800 kJ mol(-1). The relatively facile fluorination of Pa+ to PaF4+ by SF6 is consistent with the high stability of the pentavalent oxidation state of Pa. Reactions with ethene, propene, 1-butene, and iso-butene revealed that Pa+ is a very reactive metal ion. In analogy with U+ chemistry, ethene was trimerized by Pa+ to give PaC6H6+. Reactions of Pa+ with larger alkenes resulted in secondary and tertiary products not observed for U+ or Np+. The bare protactinium ion is significantly more reactive with organic substrates than are heavier actinicle ions. The greatest difference between Pa and heavier actinide congeners was the exceptional dehydrogenation activity of PaO+ with alkenes; UO+ and NpO+ were comparatively inert. The striking reactivity of PaO+ is attributed to the distinctive electronic structure at the metal center in this oxide, which is considered to reflect the greater availability of the 5f electrons for participation in bonding, either directly or by promotion/hybridization with higher-energy valence orbitals. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 22 BP 5897 EP 5906 DI 10.1021/ic025683t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 609VV UT WOS:000178926400039 PM 12401099 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Jalilian-Marian, J AF Jeon, S Jalilian-Marian, J TI Polarized gluon distribution function from eta ' production SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PSEUDOSCALAR MESONS; SPIN PHYSICS; PP AB Using the recently proposed ggeta' effective vertex, we investigate the production of eta' from gluon fusion in polarized pp collisions. We show that by measuring A(LL) in eta' production, one can extract the polarized gluon distribution DeltaG(x, Q(2)) at Q(2) similar to 1 GeV(2) and in a wide range of x. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jalilian-Marian, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jamal@bnl.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 710 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 153 AR PII S0375-9474(02)01127-2 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01127-2 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 602FP UT WOS:000178495400009 ER PT J AU Gaillard, MK Giedt, J AF Gaillard, MK Giedt, J TI More modular invariant anomalous U (1) breaking SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID GREEN-SCHWARZ MECHANISM; CHERN-SIMONS FORMS; GAUGE COUPLINGS; LINEAR MULTIPLETS; LOOP CORRECTIONS; STRING THEORY; D-TERMS; SUPERGRAVITY; CONDENSATION; COMPACTIFICATIONS AB We consider the case of several scalar fields, charged under a number of U(1) factors, acquiring vacuum expectation values due to an anomalous U(1). We demonstrate how to make redefinitions at the superfield level in order to account for tree-level exchange of vector supermultiplets in the effective supergravity theory of the light fields in the supersymmetric vacuum phase. Our approach builds upon previous results that we obtained in a more elementary case. We find that the modular weights of light fields are typically shifted from their original values, allowing an interpretation in terms of the preservation of modular invariance in the effective theory. We address various subtleties in defining unitary gauge that are associated with the noncanonical Kahler potential of modular invariant supergravity, the vacuum degeneracy, and the role of the dilaton field. We discuss the effective superpotential for the light fields and note how proton decay operators may be obtained when the heavy fields are integrated out of the theory at the tree-level. We also address how our formalism may be extended to describe the generalized Green-Schwarz mechanism for multiple anomalous U(1)'s that occur in four-dimensional Type I and Type IIB string constructions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gaillard, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Bldg 50A5104, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 643 IS 1-3 BP 201 EP 228 AR PII S0550-3213(02)00686-7 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00686-7 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 611YL UT WOS:000179045600010 ER PT J AU Schippers, S Muller, A Ricz, S Bannister, ME Dunn, GH Bozek, J Schlachter, AS Hinojosa, G Cisneros, C Aguilar, A Covington, AM Gharaibeh, MF Phaneuf, RA AF Schippers, S Muller, A Ricz, S Bannister, ME Dunn, GH Bozek, J Schlachter, AS Hinojosa, G Cisneros, C Aguilar, A Covington, AM Gharaibeh, MF Phaneuf, RA TI Experimental link of photoionization of Sc2+ to photorecombination of Sc3+: An application of detailed balance in a unique atomic system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONS; REGION AB The principle of microscopic time reversal of physical processes, detailed balance, is widely used and depended upon in the theoretical community as a connection between photorecombination (PR) and photoionization (PI). This paper reports on a novel use of detailed balance and the comparison of experimental results obtained by two very distinct techniques to determine both the metastable fraction of an ion beam and partial Sc3+ PR cross sections and partial Sc2+ PI cross sections for the ground state and for two metastable states. The Sc2+ to Sc3+ system presents a unique opportunity to obtain comprehensive state-selective information by combining results from PR and PI experiments. C1 Univ Giessen, Inst Kernphys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Hungarian Acad Sci ATOMKI, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Schippers, S (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Kernphys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RI Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Ricz, Sandor/A-4735-2011; Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 19 AR 193002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.193002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 607KN UT WOS:000178790900013 PM 12443114 ER PT J AU Schwegler, ER Galli, G Gygi, F Hood, RQ AF Schwegler, ER Galli, G Gygi, F Hood, RQ TI Comment on "Dissociation of water under pressure" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schwegler, ER (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 19 AR 199602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.199602 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 607KN UT WOS:000178790900060 ER PT J AU Stupakov, G Zolotorev, M AF Stupakov, G Zolotorev, M TI Comment on "Lasetron: A proposed source of powerful nuclear-time-scale electromagnetic bursts" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stupakov, G (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 19 AR 199501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.199501 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 607KN UT WOS:000178790900057 PM 12443158 ER PT J AU Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Hood, RQ Puzder, A Galli, G AF Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Hood, RQ Puzder, A Galli, G TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of nanostructure optical gaps: Application to silicon quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED SI CLUSTERS; NANOCRYSTALS; CONFINEMENT; EXCHANGE; ENERGY; STATES AB Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations of the optical gaps of silicon quantum dots ranging in size from 0 to 1.5 nm are presented. These QMC results are used to examine the accuracy of density functional (DFT) and empirical pseudopotential based calculations. The GW approximation combined with a solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation performs well but is limited by its scaling with system size. Optical gaps predicted by DFT vary by 1-2 eV depending on choice of functional. Corrections introduced by the time dependent formalism are found to be minimal in these systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Williamson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 19 AR 196803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.196803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 607KN UT WOS:000178790900039 PM 12443140 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Kakurai, K Masuda, T Uchinokura, K Nakajima, K AF Zheludev, A Kakurai, K Masuda, T Uchinokura, K Nakajima, K TI Dominance of the excitation continuum in the longitudinal spectrum of weakly coupled Heisenberg S=1/2 chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM SPIN CHAINS; RESOLUTION FUNCTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COMPOUND KCUF3; ANTIFERROMAGNET; DYNAMICS AB A low-field spin-flop transition in the quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet BaCu2Si2O7 is exploited to study the polarization dependence of low-energy magnetic excitations. The measured longitudinal spectrum is best described as a single broad continuum, with no sharp "longitudinal mode," in apparent contradiction with the commonly used chain-mean-field and random phase approximation (MF/RPA) theories. The observed behavior is also quite different than that previously seen in the related KCuF3 material, presumably due to a large difference in the relative strength of interchain interactions. The results highlight the limitations of the chain-MF/RPA approach. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zheludevai@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 19 AR 197205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.197205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 607KN UT WOS:000178790900045 PM 12443146 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC AF Terwilliger, TC TI Automated structure solution, density modification and model building SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; MAD; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB The approaches that form the basis of automated structure solution in SOLVE and RESOLVE are described. The use of a scoring scheme to convert decision making in macromolecular structure solution to an optimization problem has proven very useful and in many cases a single clear heavy-atom solution can be obtained and used for phasing. Statistical density modification is well suited to an automated approach to structure solution because the method is relatively insensitive to choices of numbers of cycles and solvent content. The detection of non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) in heavy-atom sites and checking of potential NCS operations against the electron-density map has proven to be a reliable method for identification of NCS in most cases. Automated model building beginning with an FFT-based search for helices and sheets has been successful in automated model building for maps with resolutions as low as 3 Angstrom. The entire process can be carried out in a fully automatic fashion in many cases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 22 TC 260 Z9 265 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 58 BP 1937 EP 1940 DI 10.1107/S0907444902016438 PN 11 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 606QQ UT WOS:000178745000007 PM 12393925 ER PT J AU Adams, PD Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Hung, LW Ioerger, TR McCoy, AJ Moriarty, NW Read, RJ Sacchettini, JC Sauter, NK Terwilliger, TC AF Adams, PD Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Hung, LW Ioerger, TR McCoy, AJ Moriarty, NW Read, RJ Sacchettini, JC Sauter, NK Terwilliger, TC TI PHENIX: building new software for automated crystallographic structure determination SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; MAD AB Structural genomics seeks to expand rapidly the number of protein structures in order to extract the maximum amount of information from genomic sequence databases. The advent of several large-scale projects worldwide leads to many new challenges in the field of crystallographic macromolecular structure determination. A novel software package called PHENIX (Python-based Hierarchical ENvironment for Integrated Xtallography) is therefore being developed. This new software will provide the necessary algorithms to proceed from reduced intensity data to a refined molecular model and to facilitate structure solution for both the novice and expert crystallographer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Haematol, Cambridge Inst Med Res, Cambridge CB2 2XY, England. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Adams, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 4-230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Read, Randy/L-1418-2013; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Read, Randy/0000-0001-8273-0047; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01GM063210] NR 25 TC 2544 Z9 2564 U1 8 U2 60 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 58 BP 1948 EP 1954 DI 10.1107/S0907444902016657 PN 11 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 606QQ UT WOS:000178745000009 PM 12393927 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z AF Dauter, Z TI One-and-a-half wavelength approach SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; SCATTERING; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DISPERSION; PHASES AB In many cases single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) phasing leads to a successful structure solution, but it is impossible to predict beforehand if single-wavelength data with a certain amount of anomalous signal resulting will be sufficient. It is therefore safer to continue collecting data at different wavelengths according to a MAD protocol, but to simultaneously attempt to phase the first data set by the SAD method. If this is successful, then further data collection can be abandoned. This '1.5-wavelength' approach may save a substantial amount of time and effort and diminishes the effects of crystal radiation damage. The principles of SAD phasing are illustrated using vector diagrams in the Argand plane. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Natl Canc Inst, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Natl Canc Inst, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Bldg 725A-X9, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dauter@bnl.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 58 BP 1958 EP 1967 DI 10.1107/S0907444902016645 PN 11 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 606QQ UT WOS:000178745000011 PM 12393929 ER PT J AU Hartmann, C Johnk, L Kitange, G Wu, YH Ashworth, LK Jenkins, RB Louis, DN AF Hartmann, C Johnk, L Kitange, G Wu, YH Ashworth, LK Jenkins, RB Louis, DN TI A In-Silico generated transcript map of the 3.7 Mb D19S112-D19S246 candidate tumor suppressor region on the long arm of chromosome 19 SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Belgian-Dutch-and-German-Societies/47th Annual Meeting of the Deutsche-Gesellschaft-fur-Neuropathologie CY OCT 09-12, 2002 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Belgian Dutch & German Soc, Deutsch Gesell Neuropathol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Mol Neurooncol Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Neurosurg Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Lab Genet, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Humboldt Univ, Charite, Inst Neuropathol, Berlin, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-6322 J9 ACTA NEUROPATHOL JI Acta Neuropathol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 104 IS 5 BP 553 EP 553 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 606TX UT WOS:000178750700060 ER PT J AU Schildknecht, D Tentyukov, M Kuroda, M Surrow, B AF Schildknecht, D Tentyukov, M Kuroda, M Surrow, B TI Diffraction and sigma(gamma*rho) SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS2002) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2002 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Deutsch Electronen-Synchrotron DESY, Polish Acad Atrs & Sci ID PROTON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F-2; LOW-X; LOW Q(2); MUON SCATTERING; DIPOLE PICTURE; HERA; QCD AB The empirical scaling law, wherein the total photo-absorption cross section depends on the single variable eta = (Q(2) + m(0)(2))/A(2)(W-2), provides em pirical evidence for saturation in the sense of sigma(gamma*p)(W-2, Q(2))/sigma(gammap)(W-2) --> 1 for W-2 --> infinity at fixed Q(2). The total photo-absorption cross section is related to elastic diffraction in terms of a sum rule. The excess of diffractive production over the elastic component is due to inelastic diffraction that contains the production of hadronic states of higher spins. Motivated by the diffractive mass spectrum, the Generalized Vector Dominance/Color Dipole Picture (GVD/CDP) is extended to successfully describe the DIS data in the full region of x < 0. 1, all Q(2) > 0, where the diffractive two-gluon exchange mechanism dominates. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schildknecht, D (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3431 EP 3438 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 619EJ UT WOS:000179461500007 ER PT J AU Goto, Y AF Goto, Y CA PHENIX Collaboration TI First polarized proton collisions at PHENIX SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS2002) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2002 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Deutsch Electronen-Synchrotron DESY, Polish Acad Atrs & Sci ID SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; GEV/C AB The RHIC started operation as a polarized proton collider. We took data of transversely polarized proton collisions at roots = 200 GeV for the single transverse-spin asymmetry measurements, of many channels with the PHENIX detector. The operation and data taking in the 2001-2002 run will be reported. C1 RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Goto, Y (reprint author), RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3767 EP 3771 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 619EJ UT WOS:000179461500057 ER PT J AU Spentzouris, P AF Spentzouris, P CA NuTeV Collaboration TI Precision electroweak measurements from NuTeV SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS2002) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2002 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Deutsch Electronen-Synchrotron DESY, Polish Acad Arts & Sci ID NUCLEON; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; ASYMMETRY AB The NuTeV experiment has extracted the electroweak parameter, sin(2) theta(W), from the high precision measurement of the ratio of neutral-current to charged-current cross-sections in deep-inelastic neutrino and anti-neutrino scattering off a steel target. Our measurement, sin(2) theta(W)(on-shell) = 0.2277+/-00013(stat)+/-0.0009(syst), is 3sigma above the standard model prediction. We discuss the plausibility of the hypothesis that this discrepancy is due to unaccounted QCD effects, especially a strange and anti-strange sea asymmetry. Taking into account results from NuTeV, CCFR, and charged-lepton deep-inelastic cross-section measurements, we do not find support for this hypothesis. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3843 EP 3848 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 619EJ UT WOS:000179461500068 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Palmer, TA Babu, SS AF Elmer, JW Palmer, TA Babu, SS TI Synchrotron radiation analyzes steel welds SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-355, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 160 IS 11 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 614PN UT WOS:000179198700003 ER PT J AU Wang, ZM Pi-Sunyer, FX Kotler, DP Wielopolski, L Withers, RT Pierson, RN Heymsfield, SB AF Wang, ZM Pi-Sunyer, FX Kotler, DP Wielopolski, L Withers, RT Pierson, RN Heymsfield, SB TI Multicomponent methods: evaluation of new and traditional soft tissue mineral models by in vivo neutron activation analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE extracellular water; intracellular water; body composition; multicomponent methods; neutron activation analysis; soft tissue mineral; AIDS ID BODY-COMPOSITION; HUMANS; FAT; HYDRATION; MASS AB Background: Practical and accurate methods for quantifying the soft tissue mineral component of multicomponent fat-estimation models are needed. Objectives: The aims were to develop a new complete model for estimating soft tissue minerals based on measured total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) and a simplified new model based on TBW measurements only and to compare these estimates with those determined with 2 traditional models (ie, the Brozek and Selinger models) and with criterion estimates based on in vivo neutron activation (IVNA) analysis. Design: The subjects were 156 healthy adults and 50 patients with AIDS. Total body potassium, sodium, chlorine, and calcium were measured by IVNA; TBW by (3)H(2)O or D(2)O dilution; ECW by bromide dilution; and bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The mean (+/-SD) mass of total-body soft tissue minerals in healthy adults was 467 +/- 62 g with the IVNA model, 492 +/- 62 g with the new model, and 487 +/- 59 g with the simplified new model. Compared with the IVNA model, the complete and simplified new models overestimated soft tissue minerals by 5.4% and 4.6% (both P < 0.001), respectively. In contrast, the Brozek and Selinger models overestimated overall mean soft tissue minerals by 35% and 99% (both P < 0.001), respectively. Overall results for soft tissue mineral prediction with the 2 new models were less satisfactory for the patients with AIDS, although the results were better than those with the traditional models. Conclusions: The physiologically formulated complete new model for estimating soft tissue minerals provides the opportunity to upgrade the accuracy of current multicomponent models for estimating total body fat. C1 Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr,Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Exercise Physiol Lab, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Wang, ZM (reprint author), Weight Control Unit, 1090 Amsterdam Ave,14th Floor, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM zw28@columbia.edu FU PHS HHS [42618] NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 76 IS 5 BP 968 EP 974 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 609PE UT WOS:000178913500009 PM 12399267 ER PT J AU Breysse, PN Weaver, V Cadorette, M Wiggs, L Curbow, B Stefaniak, A Melius, J Newman, L Smith, H Schwartz, B AF Breysse, PN Weaver, V Cadorette, M Wiggs, L Curbow, B Stefaniak, A Melius, J Newman, L Smith, H Schwartz, B TI Development of a medical examination program for former workers at a department of energy national laboratory SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE medical screening; surveillance; DOE ID PROJECT PLUTONIUM WORKERS; EXPOSURE AB Background As apart of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Former Workers'Medical Surveillance Program, a Needs Assessment was conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The objective was to identify former LANL employees who may be at significant risk for occupational disease and determine whether a medical examination program could reduce morbidity or mortality. We describe the needs assessment approach used at LANL. Methods An algorithm was developed to make needs determinations. Information on factors including exposure, health impacts, size of exposed populations, and LANL worker concerns and recommendations were obtained. Each of these factors was scored from 1 to 3. The resulting factor sum was then multiplied by a binary (1 or 0) intervention suitability factor which was 1 if both of the following were available: (1) a screening test with acceptable sensitivity and specificity for the health outcome of concern; and (2) an intervention that decreases morbidity or mortality. This resulted in an Intervention Needs Score that was used to set priorities for the medical examination program for the estimated 35,000 former LANL workers. Results Analysis of the algorithm output suggested that six exposure categories be recommended for consideration in a medical examination program. Beryllium, asbestos, and noise clearly warranted inclusion. Lead and ionizing radiation required careful consideration regarding availability of screening tests. Solvents were problematic due to the lack of screening tests and suitable intervention in formerly exposed workers. Conclusions The algorithm approach to the needs assessment at LANL documented that six chemical and physical agents should be considered as candidates for inclusion in a medical examination program for former workers. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Occupat Med Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Laborers Hlth & Safety Fund N Amer, New York Hlth & Safety Fund, Albany, NY USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Denver, CO USA. RP Breysse, PN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 42 IS 5 BP 443 EP 454 DI 10.1002/ajim.10136 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 608LV UT WOS:000178848600010 PM 12382258 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RC Bish, DL AF Reynolds, RC Bish, DL TI The effects of grinding on the structure of a low-defect kaolinite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULTS; GROUP MINERALS AB Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of at least two distinct kaolinites in individual kaolinite samples, one a low-defect material and the other a moderate- to high-defect material. Other studies have shown that some kaolinites contain the lowest-defect material in the coarsest size fractions whereas others contain the lowest-defect kaolinite in the finest fractions. In an attempt to clarify possible mechanisms for producing such kaolinite samples, we have used powder X-ray diffraction to study the effects of mechanical grinding on the nature of layer stacking in the >40 mum fraction of the American Petroleum Institute kaolinite standard no. 9 from Mesa Alta, New Mexico. This material is relatively rich in a low-defect kaolinite. Hand grinding for 10 min plus grinding under acetone for up to an additional 34 min in an automatic agate grinder produced significant changes in its diffraction pattern. However, further dry grinding in a ball mill for 10 min produced material that was almost totally disordered, based on measures such as the Hinkley index. The diffraction patterns of the wet-ground materials showed evidence of increasing disorder that could be modeled best as a physical mixture of low- and high-defect material, consistent with a physical mixture of the original ordered phase with varying amounts of a highly disordered material. Disorder in the high-defect kaolinite is caused by the interstratification of normal kaolinite layers with their enantiomorphs. Contrary to expectations, grinding of kaolinite does not produce a progressive increase in disorder for all of the crystallites present in a sample. Instead, grinding apparently creates increased amounts of a disordered kaolinite that coexist with relatively unaffected material. There is no evidence for the occurrence of an intermediate disordered phase. Contrary to previous reports, disorder caused by physical stress does not include random layer displacements of +/-b/3. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reynolds, RC (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 87 IS 11-12 BP 1626 EP 1630 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 618JZ UT WOS:000179416100013 ER PT J AU Clemett, SJ Thomas-Keprta, KL Shimmin, J Morphew, M McIntosh, JR Bazylinski, DA Kirschvink, JL Wentworth, SJ McKay, DS Vali, H Gibson, EK Romanek, CS AF Clemett, SJ Thomas-Keprta, KL Shimmin, J Morphew, M McIntosh, JR Bazylinski, DA Kirschvink, JL Wentworth, SJ McKay, DS Vali, H Gibson, EK Romanek, CS TI Crystal morphology of MV-1 magnetite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ALH84001 AB Intracellular magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals produced by magnetotactic bacteria strain MV-1 are in the single-domain size range, and are chemically pure. We have previously suggested that they exhibit an unusual crystal habit described as truncated hexa-octahedral. Such a crystal morphology has not been demonstrated for any inorganic population of magnetite, nor would it be expected, given considerations of symmetry and free energy. By inference, this morphology is a physical signature of a biological origin. Here we report data from transmission electron microscope (TEM) tomography of such crystals isolated from magnetotactic bacteria, which confirm the unusual geometry, originally proposed from classical TEM tilt imaging. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astrobil Inst, Lockheed Martin Space Operat, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Clemett, SJ (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astrobil Inst, Lockheed Martin Space Operat, 2400 NASA Rd 1,Mail Code C23, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RI Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012 OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 87 IS 11-12 BP 1727 EP 1730 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 618JZ UT WOS:000179416100024 ER PT J AU Ozaki, T Arisaka, M Kimura, T Francis, AJ Yoshida, Z AF Ozaki, T Arisaka, M Kimura, T Francis, AJ Yoshida, Z TI Empirical method for prediction of the coordination environment of Eu(III) by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE coordination environment; diagram; empirical prediction; europium(III); luminescence; TRLFS ID CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CELL-WALL; LUMINESCENCE; LANTHANIDE; COMPLEXES; NUMBER; SITES; IONS AB The number of water molecules in the innersphere (N-H2O) was determined for Eu(III) and the strength of ligand field (R-E/M) was evaluated for a variety of coordination environments from the luminescence lifetime and the relative intensity at 615 run and at 592 nm, by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. When R-E/M and DeltaN(H2O) for Eu(III) with a known coordination environment were plotted clear regularity was apparent between the location of the R-E/M-DeltaN(H2O) plot and the coordination environment of Eu(III). Here, DeltaN(H2O) was calculated by use of the equation, DeltaN(H2O)=9-N-H2O. Unknown coordination environments of Eu(III) can, in turn, be characterized, including both the inner- and the outer-sphere, simply by plotting R-E/M and DeltaN(H2O) for Eu(III) on the diagram. This empirical method is effective for prediction of the coordination environment of hydrated and complexed Eu(III) in solutions and that of the adsorbed Eu(III) on ion-exchange resins and by microorganisms. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3101195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ozaki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3101195, Japan. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 374 IS 6 BP 1101 EP 1104 DI 10.1007/s00216-002-1587-1 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 627GD UT WOS:000179924500022 PM 12458427 ER PT J AU Sepaniak, M Datskos, P Lavrik, N Tipple, C AF Sepaniak, M Datskos, P Lavrik, N Tipple, C TI Microcantilever transducers: A new approach to sensor technology SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE STRESS; RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; MICROMACHINED CANTILEVERS; MICROMECHANICAL SENSORS; FORCE MICROSCOPE; GOLD C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sepaniak, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 34 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 21 BP 568A EP 575A DI 10.1021/ac022156i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 611QB UT WOS:000179028300002 PM 12433068 ER PT J AU Lu, CYM Burton, DW Fitzgerald, RL Deftos, LJ Buchholz, BA Vogel, JS Herold, DA AF Lu, CYM Burton, DW Fitzgerald, RL Deftos, LJ Buchholz, BA Vogel, JS Herold, DA TI Mass spectrometric immunoassay for parathyroid hormone-related protein SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROHORMONE THIOL PROTEASE; DNA HYBRIDIZATION ASSAYS; ATRAZINE METABOLITES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN URINE; CELL-LINES; PERFORMANCE; ANTIBODIES; TECHNOLOGY AB This paper describes a novel two-site peptide immunoassay using the isotope C-14 as the label and accelerator mass spectrometry as the detection system. A mouse monoclonal antibody (1A5) against the amino terminal region of human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was labeled with C-14 by growing the hybridoma cells in a miniPERM bioreactor in the presence of [U-C-14]L-leucine and [U-C-14]D-glucose. The antibody was purified from the culture media using protein G affinity chromatography. The purified C-14-labeled antibody (C-14-1A5) fractions showed excellent correlation between the levels of radioactivity and binding activity for PTHrP. Using C-14-1A5 as the detection antibody in a two-site immunoassay format for PTHrP1-141, a 16-kDa polypeptide, an analytic sensitivity of 10 pmol/L was achieved with a linear measurement range up to 1:3 nmol/L. Only similar to17 pCi/well (or 1.6 nCi/96-well microtiter plate) C-14-1A5 was used, which is far below the limit (50 nCi/g) for disposal as nonradioactive waste. This study may serve as a model for the development of sensitive and "nonradioactive" immunoassays for peptides, including polypeptide tumor markers. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fitzgerald, RL (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR013461, RR13461] NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 21 BP 5507 EP 5512 DI 10.1021/ac020182a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 611QB UT WOS:000179028300014 PM 12433080 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DW Girod, M He, LF Rodriguez, MA Wei, W Zheng, JJ Yeung, ES AF Armstrong, DW Girod, M He, LF Rodriguez, MA Wei, W Zheng, JJ Yeung, ES TI Mechanistic aspects in the generation of apparent ultrahigh efficiencies for colloidal (microbial) electrokinetic separations SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; HUMAN RHINOVIRUS SEROTYPE-2; STACKING NEUTRAL ANALYTES; ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS; CELLS; INJECTION; BACTERIA; FLOW; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMERS AB Under specific experimental conditions, the electrokinetic separation of certain microorganisms can produce peaks of very high apparent efficiencies (similar to10(6)-10(10) theoretical plates/m). This is unusual in that no deliberate focusing mechanism was employed. To investigate this process further, the separation was monitored in real time using a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging system. At least two different processes seem to be operative when these narrow peaks are observed. The initial field-induced association of cells appears to require a dilute polymer solution, electroosmotic flow (preferably countercurrent to the direction of cell electrophoresis), and a direct current electric field. Three possible models are presented that may explain aspects of the observed behavior. The balance between dispersive forces and intercellular adhesive forces also affects the observed bandwidths. Understanding and controlling the dynamic and aggregation of cells in microfluidic processes is essential, since it can be beneficial for some experiments and detrimental to others. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Armstrong, DW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 47 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 21 BP 5523 EP 5530 DI 10.1021/ac025726n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 611QB UT WOS:000179028300017 PM 12433083 ER PT J AU Vanden Wymelenberg, A Denman, S Dietrich, D Bassett, J Yu, XC Atalla, R Predki, P Rudsander, U Teeri, TT Cullen, D AF Vanden Wymelenberg, A Denman, S Dietrich, D Bassett, J Yu, XC Atalla, R Predki, P Rudsander, U Teeri, TT Cullen, D TI Transcript analysis of genes encoding a family 61 endoglucanase and a putative membrane-anchored family 9 glycosyl hydrolase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID I-LIKE GENES; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; SPOROTRICHUM-PULVERULENTUM; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ENZYME-SYSTEM; CELLULOSE; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE; PURIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; CLONING AB Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellulase genes were cloned and characterized. The cel61A product was structurally similar to fungal endoglucanases of glycoside hydrolase family 61, whereas the cel9A product revealed similarities to Thermobifida fusca Cel9A (E4), an enzyme with both endo- and exocellulase characteristics. The fungal Cel9A is apparently a membrane-bound protein, which is very unusual for microbial cellulases. Transcript levels of both genes were substantially higher in cellulose-grown cultures than in glucose-grown cultures. These results show that P. chrysosporium possesses a wide array of conventional and unconventional cellulase genes. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm Ctr Phys Astron & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Denman, Stuart/A-5823-2011; Teeri, Tuula/E-7509-2013 OI Denman, Stuart/0000-0002-9910-3709; NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 68 IS 11 BP 5765 EP 5768 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5765-5768.2002 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 611PU UT WOS:000179027600073 PM 12406778 ER PT J AU Shim, H Phillips, J Fonseca, IM Carabineiro, S AF Shim, H Phillips, J Fonseca, IM Carabineiro, S TI Plasma generation of supported metal catalysts SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE plasma; palladium supported catalyst; alumina; selective hydrogenation; double bond shift ID MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMAS; MODERATE-POWER ARGON; PHYSICAL MIXTURES; ELECTRON-DENSITY; THERMAL RUNAWAY; TEMPERATURE; HELIUM; PARTICLES; PRESSURE; SYNERGISM AB A novel method to prepare supported metal catalysts is described. A microwave frequency plasma torch was employed to create supported metal catalysts from physical mixtures of a metal (palladium, particles or molecular precursor) and a traditional support material (alumina). Specifically, an aerosol containing particles of metal and support was injected into the center of an atmosphere pressure plasma generated with a commercial microwave torch. Catalytic studies of the selective isomerization of 1-butene indicate that catalysts created in this novel fashion are more selective, but less active, than catalysts prepared on the same support by incipient wetness. Catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of alumina (no metal) pre-treated in the microwave torch were found to have both high activity and enhanced selectivity. Characterization studies suggest that the plasma generated catalysts consist of nano-scale metal particles on highly modified support material. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Quim, Fac Ciencias & Teanol, P-0825 Monte Caprica, Portugal. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jphillips@lanl.gov RI Fonseca, Isabel/D-2513-2013; REQUIMTE, CAT/M-4526-2013; REQUIMTE, NSF/N-1636-2013; REQUIMTE, LAQV/N-9835-2013; Carabineiro, Sonia/K-3018-2014; Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 OI Fonseca, Isabel/0000-0001-7007-9525; Carabineiro, Sonia/0000-0001-9913-4671; NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 237 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 51 AR PII S0926-860X(02)00299-5 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00299-5 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 604QA UT WOS:000178631500005 ER PT J AU Vora, J Nair, S Gramopadhye, AK Duchowski, AT Melloy, BJ Kanki, B AF Vora, J Nair, S Gramopadhye, AK Duchowski, AT Melloy, BJ Kanki, B TI Using virtual reality technology for aircraft visual inspection training: presence and comparison studies SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE virtual reality; eye tracking; visual inspection; training; presence ID STRATEGIES; ENVIRONMENTS; SEARCH AB The aircraft maintenance industry is a complex system consisting of several interrelated human and machine components. Recognizing this, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has pursued human factors related research. In the maintenance arena the research has focused on the aircraft inspection process and the aircraft inspector. Training has been identified as the primary intervention strategy to improve the quality and reliability of aircraft inspection. If training is to be successful, it is critical that we provide aircraft inspectors with appropriate training tools and environment. In response to this need, the paper outlines the development of a virtual reality (VR) system for aircraft inspection training. VR has generated much excitement but little formal proof that it is useful. However, since VR interfaces are difficult and expensive to build, the computer graphics community needs to be able to predict which applications will benefit from VR. To address this important issue, this research measured the degree of immersion and presence felt by subjects in a virtual environment simulator. Specifically, it conducted two controlled studies using the VR system developed for visual inspection task of an aft-cargo bay at the VR Lab of Clemson University. Beyond assembling the visual inspection virtual environment, a significant goal of this project was to explore subjective presence as it affects task performance. The results of this study indicated that the system scored high on the issues related to the degree of presence felt by the subjects. As a next logical step, this study, then, compared VR to an existing PC-based aircraft inspection simulator. The results showed that the VR system was better and preferred over the PC-based training tool. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Comp Sci Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Gramopadhye, AK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 559 EP 570 AR PII S0003-6870(02)00039-X DI 10.1016/S0003-6870(02)00039-X PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 623WE UT WOS:000179725200006 PM 12507340 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Griffiths, CO Holcomb, DE Rouleau, CM AF Jellison, GE Griffiths, CO Holcomb, DE Rouleau, CM TI Transmission two-modulator generalized ellipsometry measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MUELLER MATRIX; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; BIREFRINGENCE; POLARIZATION; DEPOLARIZATION; POLARIMETER; MODULATOR AB The two-modulator generalized ellipsometer has been used to measure samples in transmission. In this configuration, the instrument can completely characterize a linear diattenuator and retarder, measuring birefringence, diattenuation, the angle of the principal axis, and the sample depolarization simultaneously and accurately. This instrument can be operated in two modes: (1) spectroscopic, in which measurements are made through the entire sample aperture as a function of wavelength, and (2) spatially resolved, in which measurements are made at a single wavelength and a birefringence picture is made of the sample. Current spatially resolved measurements have been made at a resolution of similar to40 mum. Four samples have been examined with this instrument: (1) a mica plate, (2) a Polaroid polarizer, and (3) two quartz plates. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hinds Instruments Inc, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jellisongejr@ornl.gov RI Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; OI Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; Holcomb, David/0000-0001-8263-4661 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 31 BP 6555 EP 6566 DI 10.1364/AO.41.006555 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 608LJ UT WOS:000178847600004 PM 12412646 ER PT J AU Martin, PM Olsen, LC Johnston, JW DePoy, DM AF Martin, PM Olsen, LC Johnston, JW DePoy, DM TI Sputtered Si : H alloys for edge filters: application to thermophotovoltaics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; SPECTRA; FILMS AB lSi:H alloys are being investigated for the high-index material in an interference filter to provide spectral control in an application of thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. In particular, a multilayer edge filter is being developed to provide high transmission of photons with wavelengths between 1.0 and 2.4 mum and high reflectance for wavelengths outside this range. Thin films of Si:H were deposited by means of rf reactive sputtering. Deposition parameters were varied to optimize the H content in Si:H coatings such that the refractive index was greater than 3. Optical absorption near 1 mum and Si:H infrared absorptions near 5 and 12 mum were minimized. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Vapor Deposit, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lockheed Martin, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Martin, PM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Vapor Deposit, MS K3-59,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Peter.Martin@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 31 BP 6702 EP 6707 DI 10.1364/AO.41.006702 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 608LJ UT WOS:000178847600019 PM 12412661 ER PT J AU Afzelius, M Bengtsson, PE Bood, J Bonamy, J Chaussard, F Berger, H Dreier, T AF Afzelius, M Bengtsson, PE Bood, J Bonamy, J Chaussard, F Berger, H Dreier, T TI Dual-broadband rotational CARS modelling of nitrogen at pressures up to 9 MPa. II. Rotational Raman line widths SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID Q-BRANCH; SCATTERING THERMOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY CARS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; N-2; SPECTRA; RANGE; CO; COEFFICIENTS; LINEWIDTHS AB Rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a well-established spectroscopic technique for thermometry at pre-combustion temperatures an atmospheric pressure. However, at pressures of several MPa, a previous investigation revealed large discrepancies between experimental data and the theoretical model. A re-evaluation has been made of these data (at room temperature and in the range 1.5-9 MPa) with two improvements to the spectral code. The first is the inclusion of an inter-branch interference effect, which is described in detail in Paper I. The second is the use of experimental S-1-branch Raman line widths measured at 295 K, with a temperature dependence extracted from semi-classical calculations following the Robert-Bonamy formalism. It is shown that these two modifications significantly improve the theoretical model, since both the spectral fits and the accuracy of the evaluated temperatures are considerably improved. C1 Lund Inst Technol, Dept Combust Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Franche Comte, Phys Mol Lab, CNRS, UMR 6624, F-25030 Besancon, France. Univ Bourgogne, Phys Lab, UMR CNRS 5027, F-21078 Dijon, France. Inst Tech Verbrennung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Afzelius, M (reprint author), Lund Inst Technol, Dept Combust Phys, POB 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RI Afzelius, Mikael/N-5825-2016; Dreier, Thomas/S-6278-2016 OI Afzelius, Mikael/0000-0001-8367-6820; Dreier, Thomas/0000-0001-8313-4992 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 75 IS 6-7 BP 771 EP 778 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-1020-7 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 638TM UT WOS:000180587100025 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS AF Fowler, JS TI Richard M. Lambrecht SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11917 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11917 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5 BP 605 EP 606 AR PII S0969-8043(02)00174-4 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(02)00174-4 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 608LM UT WOS:000178847900002 ER PT J AU Mirzadeh, S Lambrecht, FY Lambrecht, RM AF Mirzadeh, S Lambrecht, FY Lambrecht, RM TI Decay of tungsten-189 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions; fast neutron; tungsten-189 ID GENERATOR AB We studied the decay of W-189 as produced via the Os-192[n,alpha]W-189 reaction on a 99.9% isotopically enriched Os-192 target. The irradiations were performed at the intense neutron beam facility at Cyclotron Research Center, Universite Catholique Louvain-la-Neuve(CRC-UCL) (Belgium), where fast neutrons [E-n similar to20MeV, phi(n) = (4.8+/-0.3)10(11) ns(-1) cm(-2)] were generated by stopping 50 MeV deuterons on a thick Be target. The half-life of W-189 was determined to be 9.3+/-0.3min, compared to 10.8+/-0.2min obtained from the W-188[n,gamma]W-189 reaction. The energies of the two predominant gamma-rays of W-189, 260.4+/-1.3 and 421.7+/-1.4 keV were in good agreement with that from the [n,gamma] reaction, however, the relative intensities of the two T-rays were not consistent. From the [n,] reaction, the relative intensities of the 260 and 421 keV gamma-rays were 97 to 100, whereas from the [n,alpha] reaction the relative intensities were 100 to 77, respectively. Assuming a cross-section ratio of 20+/-5 for [n,p3n] to [n,alpha] reactions, a cross-section of 0.5+/-0.2 mb was suggested for the Os-192[n,alpha]W-189 reaction, and the absolute intensity of the 260 keV gamma-ray was estimated to be similar to50%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ege Univ, Inst Nucl Sci, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. Univ Wollongong, Dept Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RP Mirzadeh, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5 BP 637 EP 640 AR PII S0969-8043(02)00177-X DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(02)00177-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 608LM UT WOS:000178847900005 PM 12433036 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Navarro, AB Gaines, KF Romanek, CS Masson, GR AF Rodriguez-Navarro, AB Gaines, KF Romanek, CS Masson, GR TI Mineralization of clapper rail eggshell from a contaminated salt marsh system SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE CONCENTRATIONS; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; DOMESTIC-FOWL; HEAVY-METALS; GLAND MUCOSA; GROWTH; THICKNESS; CLUTCH; NORWAY; LAKES AB The effect of contamination on eggshell mineralization has been studied for clapper rails (Rallus longirostris) inhabiting a contaminated salt marsh in coastal Georgia. To assess the impact of contaminants, the thickness, microstructure (crystal orientation), mineral composition, and chemistry of shell material were analyzed from a contaminated site and a nearby reference site using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography with electron capture detector. Eggshells from the contaminated site were generally thinner than those from the reference site. Also, eggshells from the contaminated site were abnormally brittle and contained anomalous microstructural attributes. The combination of reduced shell thickness and anomalous microstructure resulted in weaker eggshells, which in turn could pose a significant threat to the reproductive success of the affected population. PCB concentrations in eggshells were at background levels in both sites. Eggshells from the contaminated site had higher concentrations of heavy metals, specifically mercury, than the reference site. The structural changes observed in eggshells may be related to the concentration of specific metals (e.g., Mg, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg) in shell, however, statistical analyses indicated that metals only explained a small portion of the observed variation in properties (i.e., thickness, crystal orientation). Further analysis is required to better constrain the factors leading to unusually weak eggshells in the contaminated site. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rodriguez-Navarro, AB (reprint author), Univ Granada, CSIC, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Granada 18002, Spain. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 43 IS 4 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-0266-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 606FG UT WOS:000178723100009 PM 12399916 ER PT J AU Kintner-Meyer, M Brambley, MR AF Kintner-Meyer, M Brambley, MR TI Pros & cons of wireless SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kintner-Meyer, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 44 IS 11 BP 54 EP + PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 613CG UT WOS:000179113200012 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Menou, K Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Lupton, RH Vanden Berk, DE Richards, GT Tremonti, C Weinstein, MA Anderson, S Bahcall, NA Becker, RH Bernardi, M Blanton, M Eisenstein, D Fan, XH Finkbeiner, D Finlator, K Frieman, J Gunn, JE Hall, PB Kim, RSJ Kinkhabwala, A Narayanan, VK Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Strateva, I SubbaRao, M Thakar, AR Voges, W White, RL Yanny, B Brinkmann, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Munn, JA Nichol, RC York, DG AF Ivezic, Z Menou, K Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Lupton, RH Vanden Berk, DE Richards, GT Tremonti, C Weinstein, MA Anderson, S Bahcall, NA Becker, RH Bernardi, M Blanton, M Eisenstein, D Fan, XH Finkbeiner, D Finlator, K Frieman, J Gunn, JE Hall, PB Kim, RSJ Kinkhabwala, A Narayanan, VK Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Strateva, I SubbaRao, M Thakar, AR Voges, W White, RL Yanny, B Brinkmann, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Munn, JA Nichol, RC York, DG TI Optical and radio properties of extragalactic sources observed by the first survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : photometry; quasars : general; radio continuum ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; 1.4 GHZ; COMMISSIONING DATA; REDSHIFT SURVEY; QUASARS; GALAXIES; EMISSION; STARS AB We discuss the optical and radio properties of similar to30,000 FIRST (radio, 20 cm, sensitive to 1 mJy) sources positionally associated within 1."5 with a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) (optical, sensitive to r*similar to22.2) source in 1230 deg(2) of sky. The matched sample represents similar to30% of the 108,000 FIRST sources and 0.1% of the 2.5x10(7) SDSS sources in the studied region. SDSS spectra are available for 4300 galaxies and 1154 quasars from the matched sample and for a control sample of 140,000 galaxies and 20, 000 quasars in 1030 deg(2) of sky. Here we analyze only core sources, which dominate the sample; the fraction of SDSS-FIRST sources with complex radio morphology is determined to be less than 10%. This large and unbiased catalog of optical identifications provides much firmer statistical footing for existing results and allows several new findings. The majority (83%) of the FIRST sources identified with an SDSS source brighter than r*=21 are optically resolved; the fraction of resolved objects among the matched sources is a function of the radio flux, increasing from similar to50% at the bright end to similar to90% at the FIRST faint limit. Nearly all optically unresolved radio sources have nonstellar colors indicative of quasars. We estimate an upper limit of similar to5% for the fraction of quasars with broadband optical colors indistinguishable from those of stars. The distribution of quasars in the radio flux optical flux plane suggests the existence of the "quasar radio dichotomy" 8%+/-1% of all quasars with i*<18.5 are radio-loud, and this fraction seems independent of redshift and optical luminosity. The radio-loud quasars have a redder median color by 0.08&PLUSMN;0.02 mag, and show a 3 times larger fraction of objects with extremely red colors. FIRST galaxies represent 5% of all SDSS galaxies with r*<17.5, and 1% for r*<20, and are dominated by red (u*-r*>2.22) galaxies, especially those with r*>17.5. Magnitude- and redshift-limited samples show that radio galaxies have a different optical luminosity distribution than nonradio galaxies selected by the same criteria; when galaxies are further separated by their colors, this result remains valid for both blue and red galaxies. For a given optical luminosity and redshift, the observed optical colors of radio galaxies are indistinguishable from those of all SDSS galaxies selected by identical criteria. The distributions of radio-to-optical flux ratio are similar for blue and red galaxies in redshift-limited samples; this similarity implies that the difference in their luminosity functions and resulting selection effects are the dominant cause for the preponderance of red radio galaxies in flux-limited samples. The fraction of radio galaxies whose emission-line ratios indicate an AGN(30%), rather than starburst, origin is 6 times larger than the corresponding fraction for all SDSS galaxies (r*<17.5). We confirm that the AGN-to-starburst galaxy number ratio increases with radio flux and find that radio emission from AGNs is more concentrated than radio emission from starburst galaxies. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Finlator, Kristian/M-4809-2014 OI Finlator, Kristian/0000-0002-0496-1656 NR 73 TC 295 Z9 300 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5 BP 2364 EP 2400 DI 10.1086/344069 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607AL UT WOS:000178768200002 ER PT J AU Perlman, ES Stocke, JT Carilli, CL Sugiho, M Tashiro, M Madejski, G Wang, QD Conway, J AF Perlman, ES Stocke, JT Carilli, CL Sugiho, M Tashiro, M Madejski, G Wang, QD Conway, J TI The apparent host galaxy of PKS 1413+135: Hubble Space Telescope, ASCA, and Very Long Baseline Array observations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (PKS 1413+135) galaxies : active; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : spiral; gravitational lensing ID X-RAY PROPERTIES; MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; OBJECT; PKS-1413+135; Z=0.247 AB PKS 1413+135 (z=0.24671) is one of very few radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with an apparent spiral host galaxy. Previous authors have attributed its nearly exponential infrared cutoff to heavy absorption but have been unable to place tight limits on the absorber or its location in the optical galaxy. In addition, doubts remain about the relationship of the AGN to the optical galaxy given the observed lack of reemitted radiation. We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST), ASCA, and Very Long Baseline Array observations, which throw significant new light on these issues. The HST observations reveal that the active nucleus of PKS 1413+135 has an extremely red color, (V-H)=6.9 mag, requiring both a spectral turnover at a few microns because of synchrotron aging and an absorbing region the size of a giant molecular cloud. Combining constraints from the HST and ASCA data, we derive an intrinsic column NH=4.6(-1.6)(+2.1) x 10(22) cm(-2) and covering fraction f = 0.12(-0.05)(+0.07). The spin temperature of the molecular absorption lines found by previous authors suggests that the cloud is located in the disk of the optical galaxy, making our sight line rather unlikely (Psimilar to2x10(-4)). The properties of this region appear typical of large giant molecular clouds in our own Galaxy. The H I absorber appears centered 25 mas away from the nucleus, while the X-ray and nearly all of the molecular absorbers must cover the nucleus, implying a rather complicated geometry and cloud structure, in particular requiring a molecular core along our line of sight to the nucleus. Interestingly, the HST/NICMOS data require the AGN to be decentered relative to the optical galaxy by 13+/-4 mas. This could be interpreted as suggestive of an AGN location far in the background compared with the optical galaxy, but it can also be explained by obscuration and/or nuclear structure, which is more consistent with the observed lack of multiple images. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Makishima Lab, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, GLAST Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. RP Perlman, ES (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. OI Perlman, Eric/0000-0002-3099-1664 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5 BP 2401 EP 2412 DI 10.1086/344109 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607AL UT WOS:000178768200003 ER PT J AU Brotherton, MS Croom, SM De Breuck, C Becker, RH Gregg, MD AF Brotherton, MS Croom, SM De Breuck, C Becker, RH Gregg, MD TI The twice-overlooked, second Fanaroff-Riley II broad absorption line quasar LBQS 1138-0126 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general; radio continuum; techniques : polarimetric ID BRIGHT QSO SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-INTERMEDIATE QUASARS; OPTICAL POLARIZATION; STELLAR OBJECTS; EQUATORIAL FIELDS; SKY SURVEY; LOUD; EXTINCTION; EMISSION AB We report the correct classification of an overlooked Fanaro-Riley class II radio-loud quasar with broad absorption lines, only the second such object so identified. The rare properties of this quasar, LBQS 1138-0126, are twice overlooked. First, LBQS 1138-0126 was found in the Large Bright Quasar Survey but only noted as a possible broad absorption line quasar without additional follow-up. Later, LBQS 1138-0126 was rediscovered and classified as a radio-loud broad absorption line quasar but not recognized as an FR II radio source. We describe the radio, absorption line, and optical polarization properties of LBQS 1138-0126 and place it in context with respect to related quasars. In particular, spectropolarimetry shows that LBQS 1138-0126 has high continuum polarization increasing from 3% in the red (rest-frame 2400 Angstrom) to over 4% in the blue (rest-frame 1650 Angstrom), essentially confirming the intrinsic nature of the absorption. The polarization position angle rotates from similar to-30degrees in the red to similar to-0degrees in the blue; the radio lobe position angle is similar to-52degrees for comparison. LBQS 1138-0126 is additionally notable for being one of the most radio-loud broad absorption line quasars and for having low-ionization broad absorption lines as well. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brotherton, MS (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Kitt Peak Natl Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. EM mbrother@noao.edu OI Brotherton, Michael/0000-0002-1207-0909 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5 BP 2575 EP 2580 DI 10.1086/343060 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607AL UT WOS:000178768200015 ER PT J AU Strolger, LG Smith, RC Suntzeff, NB Phillips, MM Aldering, G Nugent, P Knop, R Perlmutter, S Schommer, RA Ho, LC Hamuy, M Krisciunas, K Germany, LM Covarrubias, R Candia, P Athey, A Blanc, G Bonacic, A Bowers, T Conley, A Dahlen, T Freedman, W Galaz, G Gates, E Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Hook, IM Marzke, R Mateo, M McCarthy, P Mendez, J Muena, C Persson, SE Quimby, R Roth, M Ruiz-Lapuente, P Seguel, J Szentgyorgyi, A von Braun, K Wood-Vasey, WM York, T AF Strolger, LG Smith, RC Suntzeff, NB Phillips, MM Aldering, G Nugent, P Knop, R Perlmutter, S Schommer, RA Ho, LC Hamuy, M Krisciunas, K Germany, LM Covarrubias, R Candia, P Athey, A Blanc, G Bonacic, A Bowers, T Conley, A Dahlen, T Freedman, W Galaz, G Gates, E Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Hook, IM Marzke, R Mateo, M McCarthy, P Mendez, J Muena, C Persson, SE Quimby, R Roth, M Ruiz-Lapuente, P Seguel, J Szentgyorgyi, A von Braun, K Wood-Vasey, WM York, T TI The Type Ia supernova 1999aw: A probable 1999aa-like event in a low-luminosity host galaxy SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 1999aw) ID LIGHT CURVES; PEAK BRIGHTNESS; STANDARD STARS; HUBBLE DIAGRAM; DECLINE RATE; PHOTOMETRY; PHYSICS; LAMBDA; CALIBRATION; EXTINCTION AB SN 1999aw was discovered during the first campaign of the Nearby Galaxies Supernova Search project. This luminous, slow-declining [Deltam(15)(B) = 0.81 +/- 0.03] Type Ia supernova was noteworthy in at least two respects. First, it occurred in an extremely low luminosity host galaxy that was not visible in the template images nor in initial subsequent deep imaging. Second, the photometric and spectral properties of this supernova indicate that it very likely was similar to the subclass of Type Ia supernovae whose prototype is SN 1999aa. This paper presents the BVRI and J(s)HK(s) light curves of SN 1999aw ( through similar to100 days past maximum light), as well as several epochs of optical spectra. From these data, we calculate the bolometric light curve and give estimates of the luminosity at maximum light and the initial (56)Ni mass. In addition, we present deep BVI images obtained recently with the Baade 6.5 m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory that reveal the remarkably low-luminosity host galaxy. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Observ Las Campanas, La Serena, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CEA, DSM, DAPNIA,Ctr Etud Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Stockholm Observ, SCFAB, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Isaac Newton Grp, E-38780 Tenerife, Spain. Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Strolger, LG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 830 Dennison Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM loust@umich.edu RI Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 62 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5 BP 2905 EP 2919 DI 10.1086/343058 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607AL UT WOS:000178768200041 ER PT J AU Pennypacker, C Boer, M Denny, R Hessman, FV Aymon, J Duric, N Gordon, S Barnaby, D Spear, G Hoette, V AF Pennypacker, C Boer, M Denny, R Hessman, FV Aymon, J Duric, N Gordon, S Barnaby, D Spear, G Hoette, V TI RTML - a standard for use of remote telescopes - Enabling ubiquitous use of remote telescopes SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE telescopes AB The scientific need for a homogenous remote telescope image request system is rapidly escalating as more remote or robotic telescopes are brought to function and scientific programs are created or adapted to use such powerful telescopes. To respond to this need, we have drafted a protocol - "Remote Telescope Markup Language" (Version 2.1) - which has enabled us to implement a non-homogeneous network of imaging telescopes capable of processing requests for the acquisition and retrieval of simple astronomical images. This protocol is designed to be independent of the specific instrumentation and software that control the remote and/or robotic telescopes. It embeds traditional astronomical features such as coordinates and exposure times, and allows for prioritized queue scheduling of telescopes while protecting the telescope operating system. The prioritization supports high-stakes interruption of other observations - "Targets of Opportunity" like optical detection of gamma-ray bursts or other transient events. Some generality in this definition and flexibility is desirable, so that a broad variety of objects and observations can be accommodated within this standard. A number of professional observatories, telescope hardware/software companies, and amateur astronomers are already working with this version of RTML and a large body of additional professional and amateur users willing to share observing time and/or provide observations for scientific or educational use could easily adopt this protocol. The next generation mark-up language ( RTML 3) will include elements necessary to schedule more complex observations, enabling its use in practically all ground-based and satellite observatories. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. DC3 Dreams, Mesa, AZ 85215 USA. Univ Sternwarte Gottingen, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. RP Pennypacker, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bld 50,Room 5036, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 395 IS 2 BP 727 EP 731 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20021318 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 616EQ UT WOS:000179291000044 ER PT J AU Connolly, AJ Scranton, R Johnston, D Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Postman, M Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, R Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Connolly, AJ Scranton, R Johnston, D Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Postman, M Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, R Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI The angular correlation function of galaxies from early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of universe; methods : statistical ID FAINT GALAXIES; CATALOG; ESTIMATORS; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFT; W(THETA); 2-POINT; DEEP AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is one of the first multicolor photometric and spectroscopic surveys designed to measure the statistical properties of galaxies within the local universe. In this paper we present some of the initial results on the angular two-point correlation function measured from the early SDSS galaxy data. The form of the correlation function, over the magnitude interval 18 < r* < 22, is shown to be consistent with results from existing wide-field, photographic-based surveys and narrower CCD galaxy surveys. On scales between 1' and 1degrees the correlation function is well described by a power law with an exponent of approximate to-0.7. The amplitude of the correlation function, within this angular interval, decreases with fainter magnitudes in good agreement with analysis from existing galaxy surveys. There is a characteristic break in the correlation function on scales of approximately 1degrees-2degrees. On small scales, < 1 0, the SDSS correlation function does not appear to be consistent with the power-law form fitted to the 1' < theta < 0.degrees 5 data. With a data set that is less than 2% of the full SDSS survey area, we have obtained high-precision measurements of the power-law angular correlation function on angular scales 1' < theta < 1 degrees, which are robust to systematic uncertainties. Because of the limited area and the highly correlated nature of the error covariance matrix, these initial results do not yet provide a definitive characterization of departures from the power-law form at smaller and larger angles. In the near future, however, the area of the SDSS imaging survey will be sufficient to allow detailed analysis of the small- and large-scale regimes, measurements of higher order correlations, and studies of angular clustering as a function of redshift and galaxy type. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Inst Adv Studies, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Connolly, AJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 100 Allen Hall,3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 34 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1086/342787 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607XZ UT WOS:000178817200005 ER PT J AU Scranton, R Johnston, D Dodelson, S Frieman, JA Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Kent, S Loveday, J Narayanan, V Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, M Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Csabai, I Hindsley, R Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, T Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Richards, GT Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Scranton, R Johnston, D Dodelson, S Frieman, JA Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Kent, S Loveday, J Narayanan, V Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, M Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Csabai, I Hindsley, R Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, T Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Richards, GT Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Analysis of systematic effects and statistical uncertainties in angular clustering of galaxies from early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of universe ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; POWER SPECTRUM; GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; VARIANCE; CATALOG; EVOLUTION; W(THETA); OBJECTS AB The angular distribution of galaxies encodes a wealth of information about large-scale structure. Ultimately, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will record the angular positions of order of 10(8) galaxies in five bands, adding significantly to the cosmological constraints. This is the first in a series of papers analyzing a rectangular stripe of 2.degrees5 x 90degrees from early SDSS data. We present the angular correlation function for galaxies in four separate magnitude bins on angular scales ranging from 0.degrees003 to 15degrees. Much of the focus of this paper is on potential systematic effects. We show that the final galaxy catalog with the mask accounting for regions of poor seeing, reddening, bright stars, etc. is free from external and internal systematic effects for galaxies brighter than r* = 22. Our estimator of the angular correlation function includes the effects of the integral constraint and the mask. The full covariance matrix of errors in these estimates is derived using mock catalogs with further estimates using a number of other methods. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Scranton, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 51 TC 178 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 1 BP 48 EP 75 DI 10.1086/342786 PN 1 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607XZ UT WOS:000178817200006 ER PT J AU McMahon, RG White, RL Helfand, DJ Becker, RH AF McMahon, RG White, RL Helfand, DJ Becker, RH TI Optical counterparts for 70,000 radio sources: APM identifications for the first radio survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : general; quasars : general; radio continuum : general; surveys ID PALOMAR SKY SURVEY; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; HIGH-REDSHIFT; VLA SURVEY; 1.4 GHZ; SOURCE COUNTS; COMPLETE SAMPLES; GALAXY SURVEY; DEEP RADIO; CATALOG AB We describe a program to identify optical counterparts to radio sources from the VLA FIRST survey using the Cambridge APM scans of the POSS-I plates. We use radio observations covering 4150 deg(2) of the north Galactic cap to a 20 cm flux density threshold of 1.0 mJy; the 382,892 sources detected all have positional uncertainties of <1 '' (radius of 90% confidence). Our description of the APM catalog, derived from the 148 POSS-I O and E plates covering this region, includes an assessment of its astrometric and photometric accuracy, a photometric recalibration using the Minnesota APS catalog, a discussion of the classification algorithm, and quantitative tests of the catalog's reliability and completeness. We go on to show how the use of FIRST sources as astrometric standards allows us to improve the absolute astrometry of the POSS plates by nearly an order of magnitude to -0.'' 15 rms. Matching the radio and optical catalogs yields counterparts for over 70,000 radio sources; we include detailed discussions of the reliability and completeness of these identifications as a function of optical and radio morphology, optical magnitude and color, and radio flux density. An analysis of the problem of radio sources with complex morphologies (e.g., double-lobed radio galaxies) is included. We conclude with a brief discussion of the source classes represented among the radio sources with identified counterparts. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA USA. RP Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM rgm@ast.cam.ac.uk; rlw@stsci.edu; djh@astro.columbia.edu; bob@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 68 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1086/342623 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607HN UT WOS:000178786200001 ER PT J AU Eskridge, PB Frogel, JA Pogge, RW Quillen, AC Berlind, AA Davies, RL DePoy, DL Gilbert, KM Houdashelt, ML Kuchinski, LE Ramirez, SV Sellgren, K Stutz, A Terndrup, DM Tiede, GP AF Eskridge, PB Frogel, JA Pogge, RW Quillen, AC Berlind, AA Davies, RL DePoy, DL Gilbert, KM Houdashelt, ML Kuchinski, LE Ramirez, SV Sellgren, K Stutz, A Terndrup, DM Tiede, GP TI Near-infrared and optical morphology of spiral galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : general; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : statistics; galaxies : structure; infrared : galaxies ID CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; STELLAR DISK; IMAGES; BAR; PHOTOMETRY; FLOCCULANT; NGC-4314; FIELD AB We announce the initial release of data from the Ohio State University (OSU) Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey, a BVRJHK imaging survey of a well-defined sample of 205 bright, nearby spiral galaxies. We present H-band morphological classification on the Hubble sequence for the OSU Survey sample. We compare the H-band classification to B-band classification from our own images and from standard galaxy catalogs. Our B-band classifications match well with those of the standard catalogs. On average, galaxies with optical classifications from Sa through Scd appear about one T type earlier in the H band than in the B band, but with large scatter. This result does not support recent claims made in the literature that the optical and near-IR morphologies of spiral galaxies are uncorrelated. We present detailed descriptions of the H-band morphologies of our entire sample, as well as B- and H-band images for a set of 17 galaxies chosen as type examples and BRH color-composite images of six galaxies chosen to demonstrate the range in morphological variation as a function of wavelength. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, NASA IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Eskridge, PB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 54 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1 BP 73 EP 111 DI 10.1086/342340 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607HN UT WOS:000178786200004 ER PT J AU Calder, AC Fryxell, B Plewa, T Rosner, R Dursi, LJ Weirs, VG Dupont, T Robey, HF Kane, JO Remington, BA Drake, RP Dimonte, G Zingale, M Timmes, FX Olson, K Ricker, P MacNeice, P Tufo, HM AF Calder, AC Fryxell, B Plewa, T Rosner, R Dursi, LJ Weirs, VG Dupont, T Robey, HF Kane, JO Remington, BA Drake, RP Dimonte, G Zingale, M Timmes, FX Olson, K Ricker, P MacNeice, P Tufo, HM TI On validating an astrophysical simulation code SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE hydrodynamics; instabilities; methods : numerical; shock waves ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; PIECEWISE-PARABOLIC METHOD; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA; NEUTRON-STAR ENVELOPES; OMEGA-LASER-SYSTEM; X-RAY-BURSTS; WHITE-DWARFS; CLASSICAL NOVAE; 2-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMICS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS AB We present a case study of validating an astrophysical simulation code. Our study focuses on validating FLASH, a parallel, adaptive-mesh hydrodynamics code for studying the compressible, reactive flows found in many astrophysical environments. We describe the astrophysics problems of interest and the challenges associated with simulating these problems. We describe methodology and discuss solutions to difficulties encountered in verification and validation. We describe verification tests regularly administered to the code, present the results of new verification tests, and outline a method for testing general equations of state. We present the results of two validation tests in which we compared simulations to experimental data. The first is of a laser-driven shock propagating through a multilayer target, a configuration subject to both Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities. The second test is a classic Rayleigh-Taylor instability, where a heavy fluid is supported against the force of gravity by a light fluid. Our simulations of the multilayer target experiments showed good agreement with the experimental results, but our simulations of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability did not agree well with the experimental results. We discuss our findings and present results of additional simulations undertaken to further investigate the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, UMBC GEST Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Plewa, Tomasz/C-1470-2010; Calder, Alan/E-5348-2011; MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; OI Plewa, Tomasz/0000-0002-1762-2565; Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Zingale, Michael/0000-0001-8401-030X; Dursi, Jonathan/0000-0002-4697-798X NR 138 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1 BP 201 EP 229 DI 10.1086/342267 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607HN UT WOS:000178786200007 ER PT J AU Lindberg, SE Dong, WJ Meyers, T AF Lindberg, SE Dong, WJ Meyers, T TI Transpiration of gaseous elemental mercury through vegetation in a subtropical wetland in Florida SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE everglades; Typha domingenesis; Cladium jamaicense; fluxes; biogeochemistry ID NUTRIENT REMOVAL PROJECT; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; AIR/WATER EXCHANGE; EVERGLADES; FLUX; FOREST; SOILS; EMISSIONS; PLANTS; WATERS AB Four seasonal sampling campaigns were carried out in the Florida Everglades to measure elemental Hg vapor (Hgdegrees) fluxes over emergent macrophytes using a modified Bowen ratio gradient approach. The predominant flux of Hgdegrees over both invasive cattail and native sawgrass stands was emission; mean day time fluxes over cattail ranged from similar to20 (winter) to similar to40 (summer) ng m(-2)h(-1). Sawgrass fluxes were about half those over cattail during comparable periods. Emission from vegetation significantly exceeded evasion of Hgdegrees from the underlying water surface (similar to1-2 ng m(-2)h(-1)) measured simultaneously using floating chambers. Among several environmental factors (e.g. CO2 flux, water vapor flux, wind speed, water, air and leaf temperature, and solar radiation), water vapor exhibited the strongest correlation with Hgdegrees flux, and transpiration is suggested as an appropriate term to describe this phenomenon. The lack of significant Hgdegrees emissions from a live, but uprooted (floating) cattail stand suggests that a likely source of the transpired Hgdegrees is the underlying sediments. The pattern of Hg' fluxes typically measured indicated a diel cycle with two peaks, possibly related to different gas exchange dynamics: one in early morning related to lacunal gas release, and a second at midday related to transpiration; nighttime fluxes approached zero. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Lindberg, SE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 43 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 36 IS 33 BP 5207 EP 5219 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00586-1 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00586-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 613EZ UT WOS:000179120500009 ER PT J AU Langanke, K Kolbe, E AF Langanke, K Kolbe, E TI Neutrino-induced neutral-current reaction cross sections for r-process nuclei SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EJECTA; STARS AB Neutrino-induced reactions play an important role during and after the r-process, if the latter occurs in an environment with extreme neutrino fluxes such as the neutrino-driven wind model or neutron star mergers. Recently we have evaluated the charged-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections relevant for r-process simulations. We extend our approach here to the neutral-current cross sections. Our tabulation considers neutron-rich nuclei with neutron numbers N = 41-135 and charge numbers Z = 21-82 and lists total as well as partial neutron spallation cross sections. The calculations have been performed within the random phase approximation considering multipole transitions with J less than or equal to 3 and both parities. The supernova neutrino spectrum is described by a Fermi-Dirac distribution with various temperature parameters between T = 2.8 MeV and T = 10 MeV and with the degeneracy parameters alpha = 0 and alpha = 3. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Aarhus, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Aarhus, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X EI 1090-2090 J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD NOV PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.1006/adnd.2002.0883 PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 627JT UT WOS:000179930600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HL Sampson, DH AF Zhang, HL Sampson, DH TI Relativistic distorted-wave collision strengths and oscillator strengths for the 45 Delta n=0 transitions with n=2 in the 79 O-like ions with 14 <= Z <= 92 SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; B-LIKE IONS; POSSIBLE N=2-N=3 TRANSITIONS; HIGHLY CHARGED IONS; = 0 TRANSITIONS; C-LIKE IONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC DATA; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; IRON PROJECT AB Relativistic distorted-wave collision strengths have been calculated for the 45 Deltan = 0 transitions with n = 2 in the 79 O-like ions with nuclear charge number Z in the range 14 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 92. The calculations were made for the six final, or scattered, electron energies E' = 0.03, 0.08, 0.20, 0.42, 0.80, and 1.40, where E' is in units of Z(eff)(2) Ry with Z(eff) = Z - 5.83. In addition, the transition energies and electric dipole oscillator strengths are given. To our knowledge the present work is the first comprehensive publication of the results of fully relativistic calculations of the collision strengths for excitation of highly charged O-like ions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhang, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD NOV PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 357 EP 389 DI 10.1006/adnd.2002.0888 PG 33 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 627JT UT WOS:000179930600005 ER PT J AU Efanov, AD Orlov, YI Sorokin, AP Ivanov, EF Bogoslovskaya, GP Li, N AF Efanov, AD Orlov, YI Sorokin, AP Ivanov, EF Bogoslovskaya, GP Li, N TI Thermal experiments on a model of a target for an accelerator-driven system SO ATOMIC ENERGY LA English DT Article AB The results of experiments performed on a model of a window target of an accelerator-driven system are presented. The model, the special features of the structure, and the measurement systems and methodological approaches are briefly described. A eutectic sodium-potassium alloy is used to simulate the lead-bismuth eutectic alloy. The following characteristics were measured directly in the experiments or obtained by analyzing the experimental data: coolant flow rate, power, absolute coolant temperature as a function of distance from the target membrane, the absolute temperature of the membrane surface as a function of the distance from the membrane center the standard deviations of the indicated quantities and the pulsations of the coolant and membrane temperatures. The measurements showed that large temperature pulsations are observed on the membrane surface; these must be taken into account when analyzing the strength characteristics of a real target setup. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CONSULTANTS BUREAU PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1063-4258 J9 ATOM ENERGY+ JI Atom. Energy PD NOV PY 2002 VL 93 IS 5 BP 906 EP 911 DI 10.1023/A:1022411805894 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 667DL UT WOS:000182215600008 ER PT J AU Abraham, S AF Abraham, S TI Generation IV International Forum 2002 - Remarks SO ATW-INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KERNENERGIE LA English DT Article AB Analyses and forecasts underscore the important role of nuclear power in energy supply in the 21 st century. Important aspects in this respect are the conservation of fossil resources, the protection of the world's climate, and the continuity of supply. Present 1st and 2nd generation nuclear power plants ensure an economical and technically mature electricity supply. Advanced systems offering, e.g., higher efficiency of fuel utilization, simplified systems technology, and advanced safety characteristics, can make available additional benefits in using nuclear power. Upon an initiative of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), ten countries combine their efforts in developing such reactor concepts in the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States pursue the common objective in GIF to identify suitable nuclear power systems and promote their development up to the envisaged readiness for construction in 2030. Besides technical and economic questions of nuclear power generation, also other aspects must be considered with a view to the future use of nuclear power. The particularly relevant issues, such as the management of radioactive waste, the intensification of research and development, and international cooperation, have been taken up by the Bush administration at an early point in time and have been, or will be, incorporated in practical solutions, as in the case of the Yucca Mountain repository project. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Abraham, S (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAGSGRP HANDELSBLATT GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA POSTFACH 10 11 02, D-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 1431-5254 J9 ATW-INT Z KERNENERG JI ATW-Int. Zeit. Kernenerg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 47 IS 11 BP 678 EP + PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 625XN UT WOS:000179841000002 ER PT J AU Haq, Z AF Haq, Z TI Evaluating biomass for electricity generation SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Haq, Z (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD NOV PY 2002 VL 43 IS 11 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 627TU UT WOS:000179952900031 ER PT J AU Xu, D Li, GS Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Xu, Y AF Xu, D Li, GS Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Xu, Y TI PRIMEGENS: robust and efficient design of gene-specific probes for microarray analysis SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; EXPRESSION; SCALE AB Motivation: DNA microarray is a powerful high-throughput tool for studying gene function and regulatory networks. Due to the problem of potential cross hybridization, using full-length genes for microarray construction is not appropriate in some situations. A bioinformatic tool, PRIMEGENS, has recently been developed for the automatic design of PCR primers using DNA fragments that are specific to individual open reading frames (ORFs). Results: PRIMEGENS first carries out a BLAST search for each target ORF against all other ORFs of the genome to quickly identify possible homologous sequences. Then it performs optimal sequence alignment between the target ORF and each of its homologous ORFs using dynamic programming. PRIMEGENS uses the sequence alignments to select gene- specific fragments, and then feeds the fragments to the Primer3 program to design primer pairs for PCR amplification. PRIMEGENS can be run from the command line on Unix/Linux platforms as a stand-alone package or it can be used from a Web interface. The program runs efficiently, and it takes a few seconds per sequence on a typical workstation. PCR primers specific to individual ORFs from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Deinococcus radiodurans R1 have been designed. The PCR amplification results indicate that this method is very efficient and reliable for designing specific probes for microarray analysis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Prot Informat Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Prot Informat Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1432 EP 1437 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.11.1432 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 615MM UT WOS:000179249800005 PM 12424113 ER PT J AU Anderson, BC Mallapragada, SK AF Anderson, BC Mallapragada, SK TI Synthesis and characterization of injectable, water-soluble copolymers of tertiary amine methacrylates and poly(ethylene glycol) containing methacrylates SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cationic polymers; water-soluble; PH sensitive; PEGylated ID GENE-TRANSFER AGENTS; 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL METHACRYLATE; OXYANIONIC POLYMERIZATION; INITIATED POLYMERIZATION; POLYELECTROLYTES; MACROMONOMERS; DELIVERY AB Several homopolymers and copolymers of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEM) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEM) were synthesized using anionic polymerization initiated by potassium t-butoxide. The polymers were characterized by average molecular weight, polydispersity and monomeric unit composition. A very narrow molecular weight distribution was achieved with a well-controlled composition. The glass transition temperatures and compositions of the copolymers followed a Gordon-Taylor relationship. The water solubility and biocompatibility of the copolymers was compared to their parent homopolymers to determine if the addition of a poly(ethylene glycol) group was sufficient to solubilize the polymers in aqueous buffer solutions and to increase the biocompatibility of the polymers. These water-soluble, injectable cationic copolymers have potential applications in gene delivery as well as other biomaterial applications. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mallapragada, SK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Mallapragada, Surya/F-9375-2012 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 22 BP 4345 EP 4352 AR PII S0142-9612(02)00173-4 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00173-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 587WR UT WOS:000177667400006 PM 12219824 ER PT J AU Szabelski, P Cavazzini, A Kaczmarski, K Van Horn, J Guiochon, G AF Szabelski, P Cavazzini, A Kaczmarski, K Van Horn, J Guiochon, G TI True and apparent temperature dependence of protein adsorption equilibrium in reversed-phase HPLC SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUID MOBILE PHASES; IRREVERSIBLE ADSORPTION; SOLUTE RETENTION; ABSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STATIONARY PHASES; SOLVENT STRENGTH; GRADIENT ELUTION AB The adsorption behavior of bovine insulin on a C-8-bonded silica stationary phase was investigated at different column pressures and temperatures in isocratic reversed-phase HPLC. Changes in the molar volume of insulin (DeltaV(m)) upon adsorption were derived from the pressure dependence of the isothermal retention factor (k'). The values of DeltaV(m) were found to be practically independent of the temperature between 25 and 50 degreesC at -96 mL/mol and to increase with increasing temperature, up to -108 mL/ mol reached at 50 degreesC. This trend was confirmed by two separate series of measurements of the thermal dependence of ln(k'). In the first series the average column pressure was kept constant. The second series involved measurements of In(k') under constant mobile-phase flow rate, the average column pressure varying with the temperature. In both cases, a parabolic shape relationship was observed between In(k') and the temperature, but the values obtained for In k' were higher in the first than in the,second case. The relative difference in In(k'), caused by the change in pressure drop induced by the temperature, is equivalent to a systematic error in the estimate of the Gibbs free energy of 12%. Thus, a substantial error is made in the estimates of the enthalpy and entropy of adsorption when neglecting the pressure effects associated with the change in the molar volume of insulin. This work proves that the average column pressure must be kept constant during thermodynamic measurements of protein adsorption constants, especially in RPLC and HIC. Our results show also that there is a critical temperature, T-c approximate to 53 degreesC, at which In(k') is maximum and the insulin adsorption process changes from an exothermic to an endothermic one. This temperature determines also the transition point in the molecular mechanism of insulin adsorption that involves successive unfolding of the protein chain. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cavazzini, Alberto/B-7051-2015 OI Cavazzini, Alberto/0000-0002-2510-0871 NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1306 EP 1317 DI 10.1021/bp020031t PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 624KZ UT WOS:000179760000025 PM 12467467 ER PT J AU Saez, JC Schell, DJ Tholudur, A Farmer, J Hamilton, J Colucci, JA McMillan, JD AF Saez, JC Schell, DJ Tholudur, A Farmer, J Hamilton, J Colucci, JA McMillan, JD TI Carbon mass balance evaluation of cellulase production on soluble and insoluble substrates SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI AB A methodology is described and applied for performing carbon mass balances across cellulase enzyme production processes using both soluble sugar and insoluble cellulose substrates. The fungus Trichoderma reesei was grown on either glucose, lactose, or cellulose in aerobic batch mode, and the evolution of the main carbonaceous components (cell mass, cellulose, soluble protein, adsorbed protein, sugars, and carbon dioxide) was followed. A variety of analytical techniques were utilized to measure these components, including (i) gravimetric analysis, (ii) near-infrared spectroscopy, (iii) bicinchoninic acid based soluble protein measurement, (iv) gas mass spectrometry and flow rate, (v) CHNS/O elemental analyses, and (vi) high-performance liquid chromatography. The combined set of measurements allowed carbon mass balances across the cellulase production process to be assessed to determine the consistency of the underlying kinetic data. Results demonstrate the capability to determine the levels and distribution of all major carbonaceous components during the cellulase production process on both soluble and insoluble substrates. Average carbon mass balance closures were near 100% during early stages (< 72 h) of the cultivations using glucose, lactose, or cellulose as the substrates, but carbon mass closures trended high later in the cultivation. Analysis of carbon allocation results suggests that an error in the gas mass flow rate measurement was the primary cause for carbon mass balance closures to exceed 110% late in the process. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Fuels & Chem Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Covance Biotechnol Serv Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Saez, JC (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem Engn, Mayaguez Campus,POB 9046, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1400 EP 1407 DI 10.1021/bp0200292 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 624KZ UT WOS:000179760000035 PM 12467477 ER PT J AU Sun, JL Burns, SP Lenschow, DH Banta, R Newsom, R Coulter, R Frasier, S Ince, T Nappo, C Cuxart, J Blumen, W Lee, X Hu, XZ AF Sun, JL Burns, SP Lenschow, DH Banta, R Newsom, R Coulter, R Frasier, S Ince, T Nappo, C Cuxart, J Blumen, W Lee, X Hu, XZ TI Intermittent turbulence associated with a density current passage in the stable boundary layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE density currents; intermittent turbulence; nocturnal boundary layer; stable surface layer ID GRAVITY-WAVES; DOPPLER LIDAR; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; SHEAR; FLOW AB Using the unprecedented observational capabilities deployed during the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-99 (CASES-99), we found three distinct turbulence events on the night of 18 October 1999, each of which was associated with different phenomena: a density current, solitary waves, and downward propagating waves from a low-level jet. In this study, we focus on the first event, the density current and its associated intermittent turbulence. As the cold density current propagated through the CASES-99 site, eddy motions in the upper part of the density current led to periodic overturning of the stratified flow, local thermal instability and a downward diffusion of turbulent mixing. Propagation of the density current induced a secondary circulation. The descending motion following the head of the density current resulted in strong stratification, a sharp reduction in the turbulence, and a sudden increase in the wind speed. As the wind surge propagated toward the surface, shear instability generated upward diffusion of turbulent mixing. We demonstrate in detail that the height and sequence of the local thermal and shear instabilities associated with the dynamics of the density current are responsible for the apparent intermittent turbulence. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, PAOS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Inst Natl Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Sun, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 NR 33 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 199 EP 219 DI 10.1023/A:1019969131774 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 588UF UT WOS:000177719200001 ER PT J AU Banta, RM Newsom, RK Lundquist, JK Pichugina, YL Coulter, RL Mahrt, L AF Banta, RM Newsom, RK Lundquist, JK Pichugina, YL Coulter, RL Mahrt, L TI Nocturnal low-level jet characteristics over Kansas during CASES-99 SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CASES-99; lidar; low-level jet; nocturnal boundary layer; stable boundary layer; wind profiles ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYERS; WIND PROFILER NETWORK; DOPPLER LIDAR; GREAT-PLAINS AB Characteristics and evolution of the low-level jet (LLJ) over southeastern Kansas were investigated during the 1999 Cooperative Surface-Atmosphere Exchange Study (CASES-99) field campaign with an instrument complement consisting of a high-resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL), a 60 m instrumented tower, and a triangle of Doppler mini-sodar/profiler combinations. Using this collection of instrumentation we determined the speed U-X, height Z(X) and direction D-X of the LLJ. We investigate here the frequency of occurrence, the spatial distribution, and the evolution through the night, of these LLJ characteristics. The jet of interest in this study was that which generates the shear and turbulence below the jet and near the surface. This was represented by the lowest wind maximum. We found that this wind maximum, which was most often between 7 and 10 m s(-)1, was often at or just below 100 m above ground level as measured by HRDL at the CASES central site. Over the 60 km profiler-sodar array, the topography varied by similar to100 m. The wind speed and direction were relatively constant over this distance (with some tendency for stronger winds at the highest site), but Z(X) was more variable. Z(X) was occasionally about equal at all three sites, indicating that the jet was following the terrain, but more often it seemed to be relatively level, i.e., at about the same height above sea level. Z(X) was also more variable than U-X in the behaviour of the LLJ with time through the night, and on some nights $U-X was remarkably steady. Examples of two nights with strong turbulence below jet level were further investigated using the 60 m tower at the main CASES-99 site. Evidence of TKE increasing with height and downward turbulent transport of TKE indicates that turbulence was primarily generated aloft and mixed downward, supporting the upside-down boundary layer notion in the stable boundary layer. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 NR 29 TC 182 Z9 183 U1 3 U2 32 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 221 EP 252 DI 10.1023/A:1019992330866 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 588UF UT WOS:000177719200002 ER PT J AU Coulter, RL Doran, JC AF Coulter, RL Doran, JC TI Spatial and temporal occurrences of intermittent turbulence during CASES-99 SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE intermittency; nocturnal boundary layer; turbulence ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE-LAYER AB Occurrences of intermittent turbulence in very stable conditions during the CASES-99 field study near Leon, Kansas were detected at several sites separated by horizontal distances from 1 km to 25 km using sonic anemometers, minisodars and a laser scintillometer. Periods with significant turbulent heat fluxes were separated by extended quiescent periods with little or no flux, and most of the flux during a night was realized in relatively small fractions (<20%) of the total time. There appeared to be no relationship between this intermittency fraction and the median z/L (z being height and L the Obukhov length) value for the night, although overall sensible heat flux values on very stable nights were significantly less than those on less stable nights. The intermittency fraction at 7 m was found to increase with mean wind speed at 20 m and, to a lesser extent, with wind shear between 20 m and 30 m. While correspondence of turbulent episodes at two sites separated by 1 km was common, it was less common at separations on the order of 20 km. There were time periods, however, during which enhanced turbulence levels were seen nearly simultaneously at large separation distances. Turbulence episodes were found to propagate upward or downward at different times with no readily defined large-scale controlling mechanism. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Coulter, RL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 329 EP 349 DI 10.1023/A:1019993703820 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 588UF UT WOS:000177719200006 ER PT J AU Costa, LDA Fixler, J Berets, O Leblanc, T Willig, TN Mohandas, N Tchernia, G AF Costa, LDA Fixler, J Berets, O Leblanc, T Willig, TN Mohandas, N Tchernia, G TI Piebaldism in Diamond-Blackfan anaemia: A new phenotype? SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE Diamond-Blackfan anaemia; piebaldism; c-kit; SCF ID MUTATIONS; ANEMIA; LOCUS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hop Instruct Armees Percy, Serv Med Interne, Clamart, France. Hop St Louis, Serv Hematol Pediat, Paris, France. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Hop Bicetre, Hematol Lab, AP HP, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. Hop Bicetre, Fac Med Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. RP Costa, LDA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1048 J9 BRIT J HAEMATOL JI Br. J. Haematol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 119 IS 2 BP 572 EP 572 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03835_1.x PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 610LQ UT WOS:000178961900044 PM 12406103 ER PT J AU Lorenzetti, DM AF Lorenzetti, DM TI Computational aspects of nodal multizone airflow systems SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE airflow; multizone; network; nodal ID AIR-FLOW; NATURAL VENTILATION; BUILDINGS; SIMULATION AB The multizone approach to steady-state airflow problems models a building as a network of discrete mass flow paths. A nodal formulation of the problem writes the governing equations in terms of the unknown pressures at the points where the flow paths connect. This paper proves conditions under which the nodal equations yield symmetric positive-definite matrices, guaranteeing a unique solution to the flow network. It also establishes relaxed conditions under which a nodal airflow system yields asymmetric matrices with positive eigenvalues, guaranteeing at least one solution. Properly exploiting the system properties greatly reduces the cost of numerical solution. Thus, multizone airflow programs such as CONTAM and COMIS depend on symmetric positive-definite systems. However, the background literature neglects or simplifies the underlying assumptions, does not assert existence and uniqueness, and even contains factual errors. This paper corrects those errors, states the implicit assumptions made in the programs, and discusses implications for modelers and programmers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lorenzetti, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Lorenzetti, David/0000-0002-9971-1165 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1083 EP 1090 AR PII S0360-1323(02)00011-2 DI 10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00011-2 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 586ME UT WOS:000177587100007 ER PT J AU Kanamitsu, M Ebisuzaki, W Woollen, J Yang, SK Hnilo, JJ Fiorino, M Potter, GL AF Kanamitsu, M Ebisuzaki, W Woollen, J Yang, SK Hnilo, JJ Fiorino, M Potter, GL TI NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARTH RADIATION BUDGET; SOLAR-RADIATION; WATER-VAPOR; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; ABSORPTION; ERBE AB An updated NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, covering 1979-present, featues never physics and observed soil moisyure forcing also eliminates several previous errors. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NCEP, CPC, Washington, DC USA. NCEP, EMC, Washington, DC USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kanamitsu, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Reboreda, Rosa/A-2518-2012; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014 OI Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157 NR 27 TC 2614 Z9 2789 U1 16 U2 108 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1631 EP 1643 DI 10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 620VU UT WOS:000179554000016 ER PT J AU Friar, JL AF Friar, JL TI The structure of light nuclei and its effect on precise atomic measurements SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; ELECTRIC POLARIZABILITY; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT; CHARGE RADIUS; 3-NUCLEON SYSTEMS; ISOTOPE SHIFT; GROUND-STATE; LAMB SHIFT; DEUTERON; FORCES AB The paper consists of three parts: (i) what every atomic physicist needs to know about the physics of light nuclei (and no more); (ii) what nuclear physicists can do for atomic physics; and (iii) what atomic physicists can do for nuclear physics. A brief qualitative overview of the nuclear force and calculational techniques for light nuclei will be presented, with an emphasis on debunking myths and on recent progress in the field. Nuclear quantities that affect precise atomic measurements will be discussed, together with their current theoretical and experimental status. The final topic will be a discussion of those atomic measurements that would be useful to nuclear physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Friar, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 80 IS 11 BP 1337 EP 1346 DI 10.1139/P02-105 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 623KU UT WOS:000179702900018 ER PT J AU Redin, SI Carey, RM Efstathiadis, E Hare, MF Huang, X Krinen, F Lam, A Miller, JP Paley, J Peng, Q Rind, O Roberts, BL Sulak, LR Trofimov, A Bennett, GW Brown, HN Bunce, G Danby, GT Larsen, R Lee, YY Meng, W Mi, J Morse, WM Nikas, D Ozben, C Prigl, R Semertzidis, YK Warburton, D Druzhinin, VP Fedotovich, GV Grigoriev, D Khazin, BI Logashenko, IB Ryskulov, NM Shatunov, YM Solodov, EP Orlov, YF Winn, D Grossmann, A Jungmann, K Putlitz, G von Walter, P Debevec, PT Deninger, W Gray, F Hertzog, DW Onderwater, CJG Polly, C Sedykh, S Sossong, M Urner, D Yamamoto, A Bousquet, B Cushman, P Duong, L Giron, S Kindem, J Kronkvist, I McNabb, R Qian, T Shagin, P Timmermans, C Zimmerman, D Iwasaki, M Kawamura, M Deile, M Deng, H Dhawan, S Farley, FJM Grosse-Perdekamp, M Hughes, VW Kawall, D Pretz, J Sichtermann, EP Steinmetz, A AF Redin, SI Carey, RM Efstathiadis, E Hare, MF Huang, X Krinen, F Lam, A Miller, JP Paley, J Peng, Q Rind, O Roberts, BL Sulak, LR Trofimov, A Bennett, GW Brown, HN Bunce, G Danby, GT Larsen, R Lee, YY Meng, W Mi, J Morse, WM Nikas, D Ozben, C Prigl, R Semertzidis, YK Warburton, D Druzhinin, VP Fedotovich, GV Grigoriev, D Khazin, BI Logashenko, IB Ryskulov, NM Shatunov, YM Solodov, EP Orlov, YF Winn, D Grossmann, A Jungmann, K Putlitz, G von Walter, P Debevec, PT Deninger, W Gray, F Hertzog, DW Onderwater, CJG Polly, C Sedykh, S Sossong, M Urner, D Yamamoto, A Bousquet, B Cushman, P Duong, L Giron, S Kindem, J Kronkvist, I McNabb, R Qian, T Shagin, P Timmermans, C Zimmerman, D Iwasaki, M Kawamura, M Deile, M Deng, H Dhawan, S Farley, FJM Grosse-Perdekamp, M Hughes, VW Kawall, D Pretz, J Sichtermann, EP Steinmetz, A TI Recent results and current status of the muon g-2 experiment at BNL SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; POSITIVE MUON; ELECTRON; NMR AB The muon (g - 2) experiment E821 is currently in progress at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Four data-taking runs for positive muons and one run for negative muons were successfully accomplished in 1997-2000 and 2001, respectively. Results of the 1997-2000 runs have been published, thus completing our experiment for mu(+). Data analysis for the 2001 run for mu(-) is currently in progress. To provide measurement of a(mu)- = 1/2(g - 2)(mu)- at the same level of accuracy as for a(mu)+ = 1/2(g - 2)(mu)+, we would need one more data-taking run. C1 Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Redin, SI (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013; Logashenko, Ivan/A-3872-2014; Iwasaki, Masahiko/M-8433-2014; OI jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072; Iwasaki, Masahiko/0000-0002-3460-9469; Gray, Frederick/0000-0003-4073-8336 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 80 IS 11 BP 1355 EP 1364 DI 10.1139/P02-089 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 623KU UT WOS:000179702900020 ER PT J AU Boocock, DJ Brown, K Gibbs, AH Sanchez, E Turteltaub, KW White, INH AF Boocock, DJ Brown, K Gibbs, AH Sanchez, E Turteltaub, KW White, INH TI Identification of human CYP forms involved in the activation of tamoxifen and irreversible binding to DNA SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID ANTIESTROGENIC AGENT TAMOXIFEN; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; ALPHA-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN; BREAST-CANCER; COVALENT BINDING; ADDUCT FORMATION; N-DEMETHYLATION; IN-VITRO; RAT; METABOLISM AB This study investigates which CYP forms are responsible for the conversion of tamoxifen to its putative active metabolite a-hydroxytamoxifen and irreversible binding to DNA. We have used eight different baculovirus expressed recombinant human CYP forms and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to show that only CYP3A4 is responsible for the NADPH-dependent alpha-hydroxylation of tamoxifen. Surprisingly, this CYP did not catalyse the formation of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. We demonstrate for the first time, by means of accelerator mass spectrometry, that CYP3A4 also catalysed the activation of [C-14]tamoxifen to intermediates that irreversibly bind to exogenous DNA. Incubation of [C-14]tamoxifen (20.6 kBq, 100 muM) with CYP3A4, in the presence of NADPH for 60 min led to levels of DNA binding of 39.0+/-9.0 adducts/10(8) nucleotides (mean +/- SE, n = 6). While CYP3A4 converted tamoxifen to N-desmethyltamoxifen (38.3 +/- 7.20 pmol/20 min/pmol CYP, n = 4), the polymorphic CYP2D6 showed the highest activity for producing this metabolite (48.6 +/- 1.52 pmol/20 min/pmol CYP). CYP2D6 was also the most active in catalysing 4-hydroxylation of tamoxifen, although an order of magnitude lower level was also detected with CYP2C19. With tamoxifen as substrate, no 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen could be detected with any CYP form. CYP2B6 did not catalyse the metabolism or the binding of tamoxifen to DNA. It is concluded that CYP3A4 is the only P450 of those tested that converts tamoxifen to a-hydroxytamoxifen and the only one that results in appreciable levels of irreversible binding of tamoxifen to DNA. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, MRC, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Leicester LE2 7LX, Leics, England. Univ Leicester, Canc Biomarkers & Prevent Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP White, INH (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, MRC, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Robert Kilpatrick Bldg, Leicester LE2 7LX, Leics, England. RI Boocock, David/I-4666-2015 OI Boocock, David/0000-0002-7333-3549 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 13461] NR 31 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1897 EP 1901 DI 10.1093/carcin/23.11.1897 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 616LV UT WOS:000179306000015 PM 12419838 ER PT J AU Wu, JW Krawitz, AR Chai, JJ Li, WY Zhang, FJ Luo, KX Shi, YG AF Wu, JW Krawitz, AR Chai, JJ Li, WY Zhang, FJ Luo, KX Shi, YG TI Structural mechanism of Smad4 recognition by the nuclear oncoprotein ski: Insights on Ski-mediated repression of TGF-beta signaling SO CELL LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; CO-REPRESSOR; DNA-BINDING; CDNA CLONES; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; ONCOGENE; DOMAIN; CELLS; SNON AB The Ski family of nuclear oncoproteins represses TGF-beta signaling through interactions with the Smad proteins. The crystal structure of the Smad4 binding domain of human c-Ski in complex with the MH2 domain of Smad4 reveals specific recognition of the Smad4 L3 loop region by a highly conserved interaction loop (I loop) from Ski. The Ski binding surface on Smad4 significantly overlaps with that required for binding of the R-Smads. Indeed, Ski disrupts the formation of a functional complex between the Co- and R-Smads, explaining how it could lead to repression of TGF-beta, activin, and BMP responses. Intriguingly, the structure of the Ski fragment, stabilized by a bound zinc atom, resembles the SAND domain, in which the corresponding I loop is responsible for DNA binding. C1 Princeton Univ, Lewis Thomas Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luo, KX (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Lewis Thomas Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA82171, CA87940] NR 46 TC 132 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 111 IS 3 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01006-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 611HG UT WOS:000179010100008 PM 12419246 ER PT J AU Gardner, SN AF Gardner, Shea N. TI Cell Cycle Phase-Specific Chemotherapy Computational Methods for Guiding Treatment SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE Cell-cycle phase-specific drugs; Mathematical models; Cell kinetic; Drug resistance; Chemotherapy; Tumor heterogeneity AB Computational models of cancer chemotherapy enhance the understanding of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial data and have the potential to contribute to the design of rational treatment regimens. In particular, mechanistic, predictive models are superior to statistical, phenomenological descriptions of data. Mechanistic models based on functional data from tumor biopsies will enable the response to treatment to be predicted for a specific patient, in contrast to statistical models in which the probability of response for a given patient may differ substantially from the population average. This review summarizes mathematical models developed to improve the design of treatment regimens using cell-cycle phase-specific chemotherapy. It starts with simple models of dose response, then moves to more complex models of scheduling cell-cycle phase-specific drugs, and finally discusses mechanistic models that incorporate both genetic drug resistance and cell cycle-mediated drug resistance. This last class of models will be most useful in designing treatment regimens tailored for individual patients. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gardner, SN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808 L-448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gardner26@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1538-4101 EI 1551-4005 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 6 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.4161/cc.1.6.258 PG 6 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V40QA UT WOS:000209491900003 PM 12548007 ER PT J AU Levinson, R Akbari, H AF Levinson, R Akbari, H TI Effects of composition and exposure on the solar reflectance of portland cement concrete SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE solar reflectance; concrete; aggregate; acceleration; aging AB Increasing the solar reflectance (albedo) of a paved surface keeps it cooler in the sun, reducing convection of heat from pavement to air and thereby decreasing the ambient air temperature. Lower air temperatures decrease demand for cooling energy and slow the formation of urban smog. Variations with composition and environmental exposure of the albedos of portland cement concrete pavements were investigated through laboratory fabrication and exposure of 32 mixes of concrete. Concrete albedo generally correlated with cement albedo and sand albedo and, after abrasion, with rock albedo. Cement albedo had a disproportionately strong influence on the reflectance of concrete. Simulated weathering, soiling, and abrasion each reduced average concrete albedo, though some samples became slightly more reflective through weathering or soiling. Concrete albedo grew as the cement hydration reaction progressed, but stabilized within six weeks of casting. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Levinson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1679 EP 1698 AR PII S0008-8846(02)00835-9 DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00835-9 PG 20 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 604QG UT WOS:000178632100001 ER PT J AU Allen, DT Butner, RS AF Allen, DT Butner, RS TI Industrial ecology: A chemical engineering challenge SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB Industrial ecology involves turning wastes into raw materials- an art that chemical engineers have practiced for decades. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78758 USA. US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Data & Knowledge Engn Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Allen, DT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, JJ Pickle Res Campus,10100 Burnet Rd,MS R7100, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 98 IS 11 BP 40 EP 45 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 614MB UT WOS:000179192800038 ER PT J AU Reimus, PW James, SC AF Reimus, PW James, SC TI Determining the random time step in a constant spatial step particle tracking algorithm SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE constant spatial step; particle tracking; analytical; probability; cumulative distribution ID TRANSPORT AB In some cases, the accuracy and efficiency of a particle tracking model may be greatly enhanced by determining the time for a particle to travel a specified distance rather than the distance traveled during some time interval. For instance, it may be desirable to know when a particle reaches a boundary or interface or a location where the system properties change. In this work, we derive an analytical expression in the form of a probability function describing the distribution of random times necessary for a particle to diffusively travel a specified distance. Upon substitution of the specified distance and a random number for the probability, the expression may be solved for the necessary time. Comparison of the results from this equation with an empirical expression determined by James and Chrysikopoulos (Chem. Eng. Sci. 56(23)(2001)6535) shows excellent agreement. Recommendations for implementing the analytical solution into particle tracking algorithms with or without a deterministic velocity component are included. This general equation is amenable to use in modeling both fractured and porous media systems. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP James, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 57 IS 21 BP 4429 EP 4434 AR PII S0009-2509(02)00396-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 619CR UT WOS:000179456800001 ER PT J AU Li, L Borry, RW Iglesia, E AF Li, L Borry, RW Iglesia, E TI Design and optimization of catalysts and membrane reactors for the non-oxidative conversion of methane SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methane; pyrolysis; kinetics; simulation; reaction engineering; membranes ID CONTINUOUS HYDROGEN REMOVAL; ETHYLENE; AROMATIZATION; AROMATICS; PATHWAYS; MO AB Kinetic-transport simulations were used in order to explore the relevant thermodynamic and kinetic barriers in the non-oxidative conversion of CH4 in a membrane reactor and the effects of continuous hydrogen removal and of catalytic sites on CH4 conversion and on the attainable yields of useful C-2-C-10 products. A sensitivity analysis of homogeneous CH4 pyrolysis pathways showed that sites that activate methane to form methyl radicals or ethene and the conversion of ethene to aromatics increased pyrolysis rates, but led to impractical reactor residence times with or without H-2 removal. Catalysts, such as Mo/H-ZSM5, which increase the rate of both CH4 conversion to ethene and of ethene aromatization are required in order to overcome the kinetic barriers in homogeneous pyrolysis pathways. Homogeneous models were modified by incorporating non-elementary catalytic steps with rate constants obtained from experimental residence time studies on Mo/H-ZSM5. Simulations using this homogeneous-heterogeneous kinetic model were used in order to determine the benefits of continuous H-2 removal on the yields of desired C-2-C-10 hydrocarbons and on the required residence times and to obtain rigorous criteria for the design of catalysts and membranes for direct methane conversion reactions. Bifunctional catalysts able to catalyze the required steps and the removal of H-2 across ceramic membranes can lead to almost complete CH4 conversion at similar to 1000 K at practical reactor residence times ( < 100 s). This performance requires catalytic reactors with intermediate values of the ratio of characteristic reaction and permeation times (delta = 1-10), which in turn require the use of thin dense ceramic films (10-100 mum) in order to achieve these 8 values for practical reactor diameters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Iglesia, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017 OI Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001 NR 28 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 57 IS 21 BP 4595 EP 4604 AR PII S0009-2509(02)00314-7 DI 10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00314-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 619CR UT WOS:000179456800014 ER PT J AU Gailer, J George, GN Pickering, IJ Prince, RC Younis, HS Winzerling, JJ AF Gailer, J George, GN Pickering, IJ Prince, RC Younis, HS Winzerling, JJ TI Biliary excretion of [(GS)(2)AsSe](-) after intravenous injection of rabbits with arsenite and selenate SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SELENIUM METABOLISM; ARSENATE; REDUCTION; SPECIATION; TOXICITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; CARCINOGENESIS; METHYLATION; SULFURYLASE AB It has been shown that the seleno-bis (S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion, [(GS)(2)AsSe](-), is the major arsenic and selenium excretory product in bile of rabbits treated with arsenite and selenite [Gailer, J., Madden, S., Buttigieg, G. A., Denton, M. B., and Younis, H. S. (2002) Appl. Organomet. Chem. 16, 72-75]. To investigate the in vivo interaction between the other environmentally common oxy-anions of arsenic and selenium in mammals, we have intravenously injected rabbits with different combinations of the arsenic and selenium oxo-anions (arsenite + selenate, arsenate + selenite, and arsenate + selenate) and analyzed the collected bile and whole blood samples by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Only the injection of arsenite and selenate led to the biliary excretion of [(GS)(2)AsSe](-) within 25 min. Whole blood collected from these animals (25 min postinjection) contained predominantly unchanged selenate, which suggests the presence of a mammalian selenate reductase in the liver. The lack of any significant biliary excretion of [(GS)(2)AsSe](-) in the other treatment groups implies that arsenate was not reduced in the liver on the time scale of our experiments. The relevance of these results for the human toxicology of arsenic and selenium is discussed. C1 GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Ecol Chem, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Nutr Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gailer, J (reprint author), GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Ecol Chem, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Prince, Roger/0000-0002-5174-4216; Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 47 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1466 EP 1471 DI 10.1021/tx025538s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 617TT UT WOS:000179377500015 PM 12437338 ER PT J AU Southworth, GR Peterson, MJ Bogle, MA AF Southworth, GR Peterson, MJ Bogle, MA TI Effect of point source removal on mercury bioaccumulation in an industrial pond SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE mercury; bioaccumulation; contaminated streams; methylmercury; sunfish ID NORTHERN WISCONSIN LAKES; FISH; CONTAMINATION AB A one hectare pond on the headwaters of a mercury-contaminated creek in Oak Ridge, Tennessee acted as a biochemical reactor for the production of methylmercury, increasing waterborne methylmercury concentrations in the stream below the pond discharge. The flow of the creek was diverted around the pond in order to eliminate this input, Waterborne total mercury, methylmercury, and mercury in fish, were monitored in the pond and stream before and after bypass. Waterborne methylmercury concentration in the creek downstream from the pond decreased over 80% following diversion of streamflow around the pond, but mercury in redbreast sunfish in the pond tailwater did not decline similarly. Within the pond, now isolated from fresh waterborne mercury inputs from the stream, methylmercury concentrations in the water column remained similar to levels present before bypass. However, mercury concentrations in sunfish in the pond decreased approximately 75% following bypass, despite the continued presence of highly contaminated sediments (approximately 50 mg Hg/kg dry weight). We concluded that a decrease in the fraction of 'dissolved methylmercury' in the isolated pond relative to pre-bypass conditions explained the decrease in mercury in fish within the pond. That observation also indicates that mercury associated with pond sediments was relatively unavailable for eventual bioaccumulation when compared to 'fresh' mercury contributed by upstream sources. The lack of a post-bypass decrease in mercury concentrations in tailwater fish was also likely to be associated with the particle-associated nature of waterborne methylmercury exported from the pond. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Southworth, GR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 1505,MS 6036,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 455 EP 460 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00249-7 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00249-7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 595QK UT WOS:000178120100002 PM 12363317 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Bian, X Hunt, AG Coleman, A AF Ghan, SJ Bian, X Hunt, AG Coleman, A TI The thermodynamic influence of subgrid orography in a global climate model SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTIONS; VERSION; COVER; CCM3 AB Assessments of the impacts of climate change typically require information at scales of 10 km or less. Such a resolution in global climate simulations is unlikely for at least two decades. We have developed an alternative to explicit resolution that provides a framework for meeting the needs of climate change impact assessment much sooner. We have applied to a global climate model a physically based subgrid-scale treatment of the influence of orography on temperature, clouds, precipitation, and land surface hydrology. The treatment represents subgrid variations in surface elevation in terms of fractional area distributions of discrete elevation classes. For each class it calculates the height rise/descent of air parcels traveling through the grid cell, and applies the influence of the rise/ descent to the temperature and humidity profiles of the elevation class. Cloud, radiative, and surface processes are calculated separately for each elevation class using the same physical parametrizations used by the model without the subgrid orography parametrization. The simulated climate fields for each elevation class can then be distributed in post-processing according to the spatial distribution of surface elevation within each grid cell. Parallel 10-year simulations with and without the subgrid treatment have been performed. The simulated temperature, precipitation and snow water are mapped to 2.5-minute (similar to5 km) resolution and compared with gridded analyses of station measurements. The simulation with the subgrid scheme produces a much more realistic distribution of snow water and significantly more realistic distributions of temperature and precipitation than the simulation without the subgrid scheme. Moreover, the 250-km grid cell means of most other fields are virtually unchanged by the subgrid scheme. This suggests that the tuning of the climate model without the subgrid scheme is also applicable to the model with the scheme. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@pnl.gov RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s00382-002-0257-5 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 627JG UT WOS:000179929600003 ER PT J AU Reidys, CM AF Reidys, CM TI Distances in random induced subgraphs of generalized n-cubes SO COMBINATORICS PROBABILITY & COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB In this paper we study distances in random subgraphs of a generalized n-cube 2(s)(n) over a finite alphabet S of size s. 2(s)(n) is the direct product of complete graphs over s vertices, its vertices being the n-tuples (x(1),..., x(n)), with x(i) is an element of S, i = 1,..., n, and two vertices being adjacent if they differ in exactly one coordinate. A random (induced) subgraph Gamma of 2(s)(n) S is obtained by selecting 2(s)(n)-vertices with independent probability p(n) and then inducing the corresponding edges from 2(s)(n). Our main result is that d(Gamma)(P, Q) less than or equal to [2k + 3] d(2s)(n) (P, Q) almost surely for P, Q is an element of Gamma, p(n) = n(-a) and 0 less than or equal to a < where k = [1+3a/1-2a] and d(Gamma) and d(2s)(n) denote the distances in Gamma and 2(s)(n) respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87548 USA. RP Reidys, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, D2, Los Alamos, NM 87548 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0963-5483 J9 COMB PROBAB COMPUT JI Comb. Probab. Comput. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1017/S0963548302005291 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 624KD UT WOS:000179758100005 ER PT J AU Kim, ES Yang, V Liau, YC AF Kim, ES Yang, V Liau, YC TI Modeling of HMX/GAP pseudo-propellant combustion SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID AZIDE POLYMER GAP; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; EIGENVALUE METHOD; VAPOR-PRESSURE; BURNING RATES; TEMPERATURE; RDX; HMX AB A comprehensive numerical analysis of HMX/GAP pseudo-propellant combustion has been established to predict the propellant burning rate and detailed combustion wave structure over a broad range of ambient pressure, laser intensity, and propellant composition. The model takes into account various fundamental processes at scales sufficient to resolve the microscopic flame-zone physiochemistry. The thermochemical parameters of HMX and GAP are deduced from existing experimental data. Four global decomposition reactions of HMX and GAP in the condensed phase as well as subsequent reactions are included. In the gas phase, a detailed chemical kinetics scheme involving 74 species and 532 reactions is employed to describe the heat-release mechanism. The effect of the external CO2 laser on the propellant burning characteristics prevails at low pressures, but decreases at high pressures at which the conductive heat feedback from the gaseous flame to the condensed phase overrides surface absorption of radiation energy. The burning rate decreases with the addition of GAP at low pressures, even though GAP burns much faster than pure HMX. One factor contributing to this phenomenon is the rapid gasification of GAP displacing the primary flame away from the surface. Conversely, above a certain pressure level, the burning rate may be considerably enhanced by adding a small amount of GAP because of the higher surface temperature at which the exothermic decomposition of GAP plays a decisive role in providing energy to sustain propellant burning. (C) 2002 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vigor@psu.edu NR 42 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2002 VL 131 IS 3 BP 227 EP 245 AR PII S0010-2180(02)00411-X DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00411-X PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618MD UT WOS:000179421100001 ER PT J AU Im, HG Chen, JH AF Im, HG Chen, JH TI Preferential diffusion effects on the burning rate of interacting turbulent premixed hydrogen-air flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; COMBUSTION; PROPAGATION; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; EQUATION; STRETCH; FLOWS AB The upstream interaction of twin premixed hydrogen-air flames in 2-D turbulence is studied using direct numerical simulations with detailed chemistry. The primary objective is to determine the effect of flame stretch on the overall burning rate during various stages of the interaction. Preferential diffusion effects are accounted for by varying the equivalence ratio from symmetric rich-rich to lean-lean interactions. The results show that the local flame front response to turbulence is consistent with previous understanding of laminar premixed flames, in that rich premixed flames become intensified in regions of negative strain or curvature, while the opposite response is found for lean premixed flames. The overall burning rate history with respect to the surface density variation is found to depend on the mixture condition; the consumption rate enhancement advances (follows) the surface enhancement for the rich-rich (lean-lean) case. For the lean-lean case, a self-turbulization mechanism results in a large positive skewness in the area-weighted mean tangential strain statistics. Because of the statistical dominance of positive stretch on the flame surface, the lean-lean case results in a significantly larger burning enhancement (over a twofold increase) in addition to the surface density production. For the case of rich-rich interaction, the abundance in hydrogen species results in an instantaneous overshoot of the radical pool in the post-flame region, resulting in an additional "burst" in the reactant consumption rate history, suggesting its potential impact on the pollutant formation process. (C) 2002 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Im, HG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Im, Hong/J-4317-2012 NR 30 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2002 VL 131 IS 3 BP 246 EP 258 AR PII S0010-2180(02)00405-4 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00405-4 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618MD UT WOS:000179421100002 ER PT J AU Sullivan, N Jensen, A Glarborg, P Day, MS Grcar, JF Bell, JB AF Sullivan, N Jensen, A Glarborg, P Day, MS Grcar, JF Bell, JB TI Ammonia conversion and NOX formation in laminar coflowing nonpremixed methane-air flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID FLOW DIFFUSION FLAMES; NITRIC-OXIDE; PREFERENTIAL DIFFUSION; FUEL-NITROGEN; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; DESTRUCTION; MECHANISMS; PREDICTION; REDUCTION AB This paper, reports on a combined experimental and modeling investigation of NOx formation in laminar, ammonia-seeded, nitrogen-diluted, methane diffusion flames. The methane-ammonia mixture is a surrogate for biomass fuels, which contain significant fuel-bound nitrogen. The experiments use flue-gas sampling to measure the concentration of stable species in the exhaust gas. The computations use adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to capture fine-scale features of the flame. The model includes a detailed chemical mechanism, differential diffusion, buoyancy, and radiative losses. The model shows good agreement with the measurements over the full range of experimental NH3 seeding amounts. As more NH3 is added, a greater percentage is converted to N-2 rather than to NO. The simulation results are analyzed to trace the changes in NO formation mechanisms with increasing amounts of ammonia in the fuel. (C) 2002 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Grcar, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2002 VL 131 IS 3 BP 285 EP 298 AR PII S0010-2180(02)00413-3 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00413-3 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618MD UT WOS:000179421100005 ER PT J AU Buchmuller, O Lancon, E Thompson, JC AF Buchmuller, O Lancon, E Thompson, JC TI The study of the W boson SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article DE W boson mass; triple gauge couplings; 4-fermion processes ID CERN PBARP COLLIDER; TRANSVERSE ENERGY; ELECTRONS; MASS AB The status of the measurement of the W boson mass at LEP2 is reviewed. Properties of the W such as branching ratios into quarks and leptons and couplings to other neutral gauge bosons are reported. Four-fermion production cross sections in e(+)e(-) collisions are also presented. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. CE Saclay, CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Buchmuller, O (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1173 EP 1181 DI 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01390-7 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 628PB UT WOS:000180003800009 ER PT J AU Janot, P Kado, M AF Janot, P Kado, M TI Direct search for the Standard Model Higgs boson SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article DE Higgs boson; search; limit; 115 GeV.c(-2); LEP; CERN ID E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; ROOT-S; DECAY; LEP; ALEPH AB For twelve years, LEP revolutionized the knowledge of electroweak symmetry breaking within the standard model, and the direct discovery of the Higgs boson would have been the crowning achievement. Searches at the Z resonance and above the W+W- threshold allowed an unambiguous lower limit on the mass of the standard model Higgs boson to set be at 114.1 GeV.c(-2). After years of efforts to push the LEP performance far beyond the design limits, hints of what could be the first signs of the existence of a 115 GeV.c(-2) Higgs boson appeared in June 2000, were confirmed in September, and were then confirmed again in November. An additional six-month period of LEP operation was enough to provide a definite answer, with an opportunity to make a fundamental discovery of prime importance. C1 CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM Patrick.Janot@cern.ch NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 EI 1878-1535 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1193 EP 1202 DI 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01399-3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 628PB UT WOS:000180003800011 ER PT J AU Greaney, PA Friedman, LH Chrzan, DC AF Greaney, PA Friedman, LH Chrzan, DC TI Continuum simulation of dislocation dynamics: predictions for internal friction response SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BCC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION STRUCTURES; MESOSCOPIC SCALE; RELAXATION; DIMENSIONS AB The amplitude dependent mechanical loss due to bowing of an idealized Frank-Read source is studied using both simulation and analytical techniques. Dislocations are modeled within isotropic elasticity theory, and are assumed to be in the over-damped limit. The dynamics incorporated in the model are tested directly, by comparison with the exact solution to the linearized isotropic elasticity theory of the mechanical losses. The model is then applied to the study of the mechanical losses from two coupled dislocations. It is concluded that the implemented dislocation dynamics method represents an accurate solution to the initially stated problem, that the elastic string model often employed to model losses is inadequate, and that dislocation interactions may alter substantially the dislocation component of the spectrum observed during internal friction experiments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chrzan, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 583 Evans Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Friedman, Lawrence/G-5650-2011 OI Friedman, Lawrence/0000-0003-2416-9903 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 387 EP 403 AR PII S0927-0256(02)00242-2 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 616YZ UT WOS:000179332600013 ER PT J AU von Laszewski, G Gawor, J Lane, P Rehn, N Russell, M AF von Laszewski, G Gawor, J Lane, P Rehn, N Russell, M TI Features of the Java Commodity Grid Kit SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE grid computing; globus toolkit; peer-to-peer information service; portal; Java AB In this paper we report on the features of the Java Commodity Grid Kit (Java CoG Kit). The Java CoG Kit provides middleware for accessing Grid functionality from the Java framework. Java CoG Kit middleware is general enough to design a variety of advanced Grid applications with quite different user requirements. Access to the Grid is established via Globus Toolkit protocols, allowing the Java CoG Kit to also communicate with the services distributed as part of the C Globus Toolkit reference implementation. Thus, the Java CoG Kit provides Grid developers with the ability to utilize the Grid, as well as numerous additional libraries and frameworks developed by the Java community to enable network, Internet, enterprise and peer-to-peer computing. A variety of projects have successfully used the client libraries of the Java CoG Kit to access Grids driven by the C Globus Toolkit software. In this paper we also report on the efforts to develop serverside Java CoG Kit components. As part of this research we have implemented a prototype pure Java resource management-system that enables one to run Grid jobs on platforms on which a Java virtual machine is supported, including Windows NT machines. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons,Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gregor@mcs.anl.gov RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1045 EP 1055 DI 10.1002/cpe.674 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900002 ER PT J AU Parashar, M von Laszewski, G Verma, S Gawor, J Keahey, K Rehn, N AF Parashar, M von Laszewski, G Verma, S Gawor, J Keahey, K Rehn, N TI A CORBA Commodity Grid Kit SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE grid computing; CORBA; globus; DISCOVER; Java CoG kit AB This paper reports on an ongoing research project aimed at designing and deploying a Common Object Resource Broker Architecture (CORBA) (ww.omg.org) Commodity Grid (CoG) Kit. The overall goal of this project is to enable the development of advanced Grid applications while adhering to state-of-the-art software engineering practices and reusing the existing Grid infrastructure. As part of this activity, we are investigating how CORBA can be used to support the development of Grid applications. In this paper, we outline the design of a CORBA CoG Kit that will provide a-software development framework for building a CORBA 'Grid domain'. We also present our experiences in developing a prototype CORBA CoG Kit that supports the development and deployment of CORBA applications on the Grid by providing them access to the Grid services provided by the Globus Toolkit. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Appl Software Syst Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Appl Software Syst Lab, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM Parashar@caip.rutgers.edu RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1057 EP 1074 DI 10.1002/cpe.682 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900003 ER PT J AU Jackson, KR AF Jackson, KR TI pyGlobus: a Python interface to the Globus Toolkit (TM) SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article AB Developing high-performance, problem-solving environments/applications that allow scientists to easily harness the power of the emerging national-scale 'Grid' infrastructure is currently a difficult task. Although many of the necessary low-level services, e.g. security, resource discovery, remote access to computation/data resource, etc., are available, it can be a challenge to rapidly integrate them into a new application. To address this difficulty we have begun the development of a Python-based high-level interface to the Grid services provided by the Globus Toolkit. In this paper we will explain why rapid application development using Grid services is important, look briefly at a motivating example, and finally look at the design and implementation of the pyGlobus package. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Jackson, KR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1075 EP 1083 DI 10.1002/cpe.683 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900004 ER PT J AU Mock, S Thomas, M Dahan, M Mueller, K Mills, C von Lazewski, G AF Mock, S Thomas, M Dahan, M Mueller, K Mills, C von Lazewski, G TI The Perl Commodity Grid Toolkit SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grid; PERL; CoG; commodity; toolkit; Globus; storage resource broker; SRB; module; portal; middleware AB The Perl Commodity Grid Toolkit (Perl CoG Kit) is a software project aimed at bringing the complexities and power of the computational Grid to developers of Perl applications. In this paper we describe the history and motivation of the project, the benefits of bringing the Grid to Perl developers, the architecture and status of the Perl CoG Kit and the future plans for the project. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mock, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, MC 0505,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1085 EP 1095 DI 10.1002/cpe.695 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900005 ER PT J AU Novotny, J AF Novotny, J TI The Grid Portal Development Kit SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grid computing; computing environments; Grid portals; science portals; Globus AB Computational science portals are emerging as useful and necessary interfaces for performing operations on the Grid. The Grid Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key reusable components for accessing various Grid services. A Grid portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services from a single, secure gateway. The GPDK leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as well as commodity Web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets. The design and architecture of the GPDK is presented as well as a discussion on the portal building capabilities of the GPDK, allowing application developers to build customized portals more effectively by reusing common core services provided by the GPDK. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Novotny, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1129 EP 1144 DI 10.1002/cpe.669 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900007 ER PT J AU Schuchardt, K Didier, B Black, G AF Schuchardt, K Didier, B Black, G TI Ecce - a problem-solving environment's evolution toward Grid services and a Web architecture SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE problem-solving environment; Grid computing; data management; metadata; information services ID INFRASTRUCTURE AB The Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment (Ecce), an innovative problem-solving environment, was designed a decade ago, before the emergence of the Web and Grid computing services. In this paper, we briefly examine the original Ecce architecture and discuss how it is evolving to incorporate both Grid services and components of the Web to increase its range of services, reduce deployment and maintenance costs, and reach a wider audience. We show that Ecce operates in both Grid and non-Grid environments, an important consideration given Ecce's broad range of uses and user community, and discuss the strategies for loosely coupled components that make this possible. Both in-progress work and conceptual plans for how Ecce will evolve are presented. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 MS K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Karen.Schuchardt@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1221 EP 1239 DI 10.1002/cpe.673 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900011 ER PT J AU von Laszewski, G Russell, M Foster, I Shalf, J Allen, G Daues, G Novotny, J Seidel, E AF von Laszewski, G Russell, M Foster, I Shalf, J Allen, G Daues, G Novotny, J Seidel, E TI Community software development with the astrophysics simulation collaboratory SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE collaboratory; Grid computing; Globus; cactus; Java CoG Kit; Astrophysics Simulation Collaboratory ID INFRASTRUCTURE; GLOBUS AB We describe a Grid-based collaboratory that supports the collaborative development and use of advanced simulation codes. Our implementation of this collaboratory uses a mix of Web technologies (for thin-client access) and Grid services (for secure remote access to, and management of, distributed resources). Our collaboratory enables researchers in geographically disperse locations to share and access compute, storage, and code resources, without regard to institutional boundaries. Specialized services support community code development, via specialized Grid services, such as online code repositories. We use this framework to construct the Astrophysics Simulation Collaboratory, a domain-specific collaboratory for the astrophysics simulation community. This Grid-based collaboratory enables researchers in the field of numerical relativity to study astrophysical phenomena by using the Cactus computational toolkit. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, Golm, Germany. Washington Univ, St Louis, MI USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1289 EP 1301 DI 10.1002/cpe.688 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900014 ER PT J AU Watson, WA Bird, I Chen, J Hess, B Kowalski, A Chen, Y AF Watson, WA Bird, I Chen, J Hess, B Kowalski, A Chen, Y TI A Web services data analysis Grid SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE Web services; XML; Grid; data Grid; meta-center; portal AB The trend in large-scale scientific data analysis is to exploit computational, storage and other resources located at multiple sites, and to make those resources accessible to the scientist as if they were a single, coherent system. Web technologies driven by the huge and rapidly growing electronic commerce industry provide valuable components to speed the deployment of such sophisticated systems. Jefferson Lab, where several hundred terabytes of experimental data are acquired each year, is in the process of developing a Web-based distributed system for data analysis and management. The essential aspects of this system are a distributed data Grid (site independent access to experimental, simulation and model data) and a distributed batch system, augmented with various supervisory and management capabilities, and integrated using Java and XML-based Web services. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Watson, WA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, MS 16A,12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1303 EP 1311 DI 10.1002/cpe.686 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900015 ER PT J AU Rheinheimer, R Beiriger, JI Bivens, HP Humphreys, SL AF Rheinheimer, R Beiriger, JI Bivens, HP Humphreys, SL TI The ASCI Computational Grid: initial deployment SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE grid; globus; kerberos; GALE; XML; GSF; CORBA; ASCI AB Grid Services, a Department of Energy Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative program, has designed, implemented, and deployed a grid-based solution for customer access to large computing resources at DOE weapons labs and plants. Customers can access and monitor diverse, geographically distributed resources using the common Grid Services interfaces. This paper discusses the architecture, security, and user interfaces of the Grid Services infrastructure. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rheinheimer, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1351 EP 1363 DI 10.1002/cpe.671 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900018 ER PT J AU Schreiber, A AF Schreiber, A TI The integrated simulation environment TENT SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grid computing; component-based software; problem solving environment; CORBA AB This paper describes recent development efforts on the integrated simulation environment TENT. TENT is a component-based software integration and workflow management system using the capabilities of CORBA and Java. It is used to integrate the applications required to form complex workflows, which are typical of multidisciplinary simulations in engineering, in which different simulation codes have to be coupled. We present our work in integrating TENT with the Globus Toolkit to create a Grid computing environment. The Java Commodity Grid Toolkit has been especially useful for this work. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 DLR, SISTEC, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schreiber, A (reprint author), DLR, SISTEC, Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. RI Schreiber, Andreas/B-3792-2016 OI Schreiber, Andreas/0000-0001-5750-5649 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1553 EP 1568 DI 10.1002/cpe.676 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900028 ER PT J AU Hiraga, T Anderson, IM Zimmerman, ME Mei, S Kohstedt, DL AF Hiraga, T Anderson, IM Zimmerman, ME Mei, S Kohstedt, DL TI Structure and chemistry of grain boundaries in deformed, olivine plus basalt and partially molten lherzolite aggregates: evidence of melt-free grain boundaries SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FILMS; THICKNESS; ROCKS; PHASE AB Olivine grain boundaries in deformed aggregates of olivine + basalt and partially molten lherzolite were analyzed with various electron microscopy techniques to test for the presence of thin (0.5-10 nm) intergranular melt films. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) observations reveal that most of the boundaries do not contain a thin amorphous phase, although a small fraction of grains are separated by relatively thick (similar to1 mum) layers of melt. However, due to the anisotropy of the olivine-melt interfacial energy, melt often tapers from a triple junction into an adjoining grain boundary over a length of 1 to 2 mum, giving an effective dihedral angle of only similar to2degrees. The chemistry of olivine-olivine grain boundaries was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) profiling by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with a probe size of < 1.5 nm. Ca, Al and Ti segregate to grain boundaries forming enriched regions of <7 nm width. Although these elements are concentrated in the glass phases, the presence of glass films with the same chemical composition as the bulk glass phases cannot explain concentrations of other elements such as Si and Al at the boundaries. Combined with the HREM results, the STEM/EDX profiling demonstrates the existence of chemical segregation between solid grains but the absence of thin, grain boundary melt films. Additionally, if melt films exist along all of the grain boundaries, as reported for similar samples by other groups, the rock should be substantially weakened. Creep experiments on the partially molten rocks analyzed in this study reveal little weakening at small melt contents, consistent with our observations of melt-free grain boundaries. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hiraga, T (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 144 IS 2 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s00410-002-0394-1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 620ZC UT WOS:000179563200003 ER PT J AU Sheridan, CC Lee, C Wakeham, SG Bishop, JKB AF Sheridan, CC Lee, C Wakeham, SG Bishop, JKB TI Suspended particle organic composition and cycling in surface and midwaters of the equatorial Pacific Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE suspended particle cycling; organic geochemistry; organic chemical biomarkers; principal components analysis; mesopelagic zone; equatorial Pacific Ocean ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRINCIPAL-COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PARTICULATE AMINO-ACIDS; FATTY-ACIDS; WATER COLUMN; VERTICAL FLUX; DIAGENETIC ALTERATION; RAPID-DETERMINATION; LIPID BIOMARKERS; MARINE COPEPODS AB In this study we relate spatial and temporal variation in the organic composition of suspended particles to current conceptual models of open-ocean particle cycling. Suspended particles in surface (0-200 m) and midwaters (200-1000 m) of the equatorial Pacific Ocean were collected during the 1992 US JGOFS Equatorial Pacific (EqPac) program. Samples collected during El Nino (Survey I) and normal conditions (Survey II) were analyzed for pigment, amino acid, fatty acid, and neutral lipid concentrations and compositions. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and other statistical methods were used to assess changes in particulate organic composition between Surveys I and II, over 24degrees of latitude, from 15 to 850m depth, and to compare our compositional data with previously published data from EqPac sinking particles. These analyses indicated that surface suspended particles (0-200m) were similar in composition to surface ocean phytoplankton and were less degraded than particles sinking out of the euphotic zone (105 m). The organic composition of suspended particles in surface waters varied with latitudinal and El-Nino-induced changes in phytoplankton assemblages. Midwater suspended particles (200-1000 m) contained labile phytodetrital material derived from particles exiting the euphotic zone (105 m). However, labile organic constituents of midwater suspended particles were increasingly degraded by microbes or consumed by midwater metazoans with depth. The increase in degradation state observed for midwater suspended particles may also have been caused by dilution of deeper (450850 m) suspended particle pools with more refractory material originating from fast-sinking particles, e.g., fecal pellets. However, the mechanism controlling midwater particle degradation state varied with flux regime; dilution of midwater suspended particles dominated only in the higher flux regime found at equatorial latitudes (5degreesN-5degreesS) during Survey II (normal conditions). In summary, it is apparent that organic matter alteration in midwaters, and not cycling within the euphotic zone, has the larger effect on organic composition of suspended particles in the deep equatorial Pacific Ocean. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sheridan, CC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Lee, Cindy/B-1456-2009 OI Lee, Cindy/0000-0002-7608-6213 NR 92 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1983 EP 2008 AR PII S0967-0637(02)00118-8 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00118-8 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 639FU UT WOS:000180617600005 ER PT J AU Ludvig, J McCarthy, J Neuendorffer, S Sachs, SR AF Ludvig, J McCarthy, J Neuendorffer, S Sachs, SR TI Reprogrammable platforms for high-speed data acquisition SO DESIGN AUTOMATION FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CALIFORNIA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corpat, Monterary Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB Complex embedded systems that do not target mass markets often have design and engineering costs that exceed production costs. One example is the triggering and data acquisition system (DAQ) integrated into high-energy physics experiments. Parameterizable and reprogrammable architectures are natural candidates as platforms for specialized embedded systems like high-speed data acquisition systems. In order to facilitate the design of specialized embedded systems, design strategies and tools are needed that greatly increase the efficiency of the design process. End-user programmability of reprogrammable platforms is essential, because system designers, without training in low-level programming languages, are required to change the base design, compare designs, and generate configuration data for the reprogrammable platforms. This paper presents a methodology for designing and evaluating high-speed data acquisition systems using reprogrammable platforms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Agile Design Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ludvig, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5585 J9 DES AUTOM EMBED SYST JI Des. Autom. Embed. Syst. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 7 IS 4 BP 341 EP 364 DI 10.1023/A:1020311322960 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 595FF UT WOS:000178096800004 ER PT J AU Jung, E Lenhart, S Feng, Z AF Jung, E Lenhart, S Feng, Z TI Optimal control of treatments in a two-strain tuberculosis model SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B LA English DT Article DE mathematical model; tuberculosis; optimal control; antibiotic resistance ID STRATEGIES AB Optimal control theory is applied to a system of ordinary differential equations modeling a two-strain tuberculosis model. Seeking to reduce the latent and infectious groups with the resistant-strain tuberculosis, we use controls representing two types of treatments. The optimal controls are characterized in terms of the optimality system, which is solved numerically for several scenarios. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jung, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1531-3492 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-B JI Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.-Ser. B PD NOV PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 473 EP 482 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 594ZL UT WOS:000178082300001 ER PT J AU Maizels, M Seliskar, CJ Heineman, WR Bryan, SA AF Maizels, M Seliskar, CJ Heineman, WR Bryan, SA TI Spectroelectrochemical sensing based on multimode selectivity simultaneously achievable in a single device. 10. Sensing of ferrocyanide in Hanford tank waste simulant solution SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE spectroelectrochemical; sensor; ferrocyanide; Hanford tank waste ID ELECTRODES AB A ferrocyanide spectroelectrochemical sensor has been evaluated on Hanford tank waste simulant solution. The sensor consists of an indium tin oxide optically transparent electrode coated with a thin film of porous silica containing immobilized PDMDAAC as an anion exchanger. Ferrocyanide is quantified by the absorbance change at 420 nm that accompanies electrochemical modulation of ferrocyanide that partitions into the film. Hanford tank waste simulant mimics the contents of tanks in which radioactive waste is stored. A solution of the simulant is a complex mixture of high pH (10) and high ionic strength that contains ferrocyanide. Systematic evaluation of the species in the simulant solution showed the only significant interference to be competition by the anions in the simulant with the preconcentration of ferrocyanide into the sensing film. Deterioration of the sensing film by the high ionic strength and alkaline conditions restricted its useful lifetime to about 40 min. Analysis of simulant with a sensor calibrated at high ionic strength gave 8.0 mM ferrocyanide compared to 8.2 mM obtained by FTIR. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiochem Proc Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heineman, WR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, POB 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Bryan, Samuel/D-5457-2015 OI Bryan, Samuel/0000-0001-5664-3249 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 14 IS 19-20 BP 1345 EP 1352 DI 10.1002/1521-4109(200211)14:19/20<1345::AID-ELAN1345>3.0.CO;2-E PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 618VB UT WOS:000179437000005 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Weisbrod, K Zawodzinski, C Paulauskas, I Buchanan, RA Walker, LR AF Brady, MP Weisbrod, K Zawodzinski, C Paulauskas, I Buchanan, RA Walker, LR TI Assessment of thermal nitridation to protect metal bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Thermally (gas) nitrided Nb-30Ti-20W wt % exhibited excellent corrosion resistance and maintained good electrical conductivity in 80degreesC H2SO4 environments designed to simulate proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell bipolar plate conditions. This result supports proof of principle for thermally nitrided alloys as candidate bipolar plate materials, although such Nb-base alloys are too costly for most PEM fuel cell applications. Investigation of the corrosion resistance of a series of relatively inexpensive, thermally nitrided model Ni-X base alloys designed to form Cr2N, CrN, NbN, TiN, or VN surface layers have identified nitrided Ni-Cr base alloys as showing corrosion resistance nearly equal to that of the nitrided Nb-30Ti-20W. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; 李, 应辉/A-7739-2011 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; NR 13 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 5 IS 11 BP A245 EP A247 DI 10.1149/1.1509561 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 596CA UT WOS:000178145200003 ER PT J AU Sun, X Lee, HS Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Sun, X Lee, HS Yang, XQ McBreen, J TI Using a boron-based anion receptor additive to improve the thermal stability of LiPF6-based electrolyte for lithium batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SALTS; LIPF6 AB The possibility of using a strong anion coordinate agent, tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB), to suppress the thermal decomposition of LiPF6-based electrolyte was studied. Cyclic voltammogram measurements showed that addition of 0.1 M TPFPB maintained electrochemical stability of a LiPF6-based electrolyte at 55degreesC for a week, while under the same conditions severe degradation in electrochemical stability was observed in the same LiPF6-based electrolyte without the TPFPB additive. A Li/LiMn2O4 cell with a composite LiPF6-based electrolyte containing 0.1 M TPFPB additive also exhibited superior capacity retention and cycling efficiency at 55degreesC than a cell with an electrolyte without additive. These data demonstrate the excellent effect of TPFPB additive in improving the thermal stability of LiPF6-based electrolyte. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 5 IS 11 BP A248 EP A251 DI 10.1149/1.1510321 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 596CA UT WOS:000178145200004 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Paik, Y Yang, XQ Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J Grey, CP AF Yoon, WS Paik, Y Yang, XQ Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J Grey, CP TI Investigation of the local structure of the LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material during electrochemical cycling by X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopy SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES AB In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the Mn and Ni K-edges and Li-6 magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been carried out during the first charging and discharging process for the layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material. The Ni K-edge structure in the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectrum exhibits a rigid positive energy shift with increased Li deintercalation level, while the Mn XANES spectra do not show any substantial energy changes. The Ni edge shifts back reversibly during discharge. Further Li-ion intercalation at similar to1 V (vs. Li) could be accomplished by reduction of the Mn4+ ions. The Li-6 MAS NMR results showed the presence of Li in the Ni2+/Mn4+ layers, in addition to the expected sites for Li in the lithium layers. All the Li ions in the transition metal layers are removed on the first charge, leaving residual lithium ions in the lithium layers. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 13 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 6 U2 65 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 5 IS 11 BP A263 EP A266 DI 10.1149/1.1513001 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 596CA UT WOS:000178145200008 ER PT J AU Lister, TE Pinhero, PJ AF Lister, TE Pinhero, PJ TI Scanning electrochemical microscopy study of corrosion dynamics on type 304 stainless steel SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PITTING CORROSION; OXIDE-FILMS; INITIATION; TITANIUM; SURFACE; ELECTRODES; BREAKDOWN; DENSITY; GROWTH; PITS AB Scanning electrochemical microscopy was utilized to study dynamics of corrosion on type 304 SS. The I-/I-3(-) redox couple was used in the substrate generation/tip collection mode to determine active sites. Scanning the sample sequentially revealed that the electrochemical activity (where I-3(-) was detected) was localized and dynamic in nature. Subsequent microscopy indicated pitting occurred at many of the sites where electrochemical activity was detected. Currently, the technique is limited by the time required to raster a single probe through the scan area. In future studies, parallel (multielectrode) image acquisition is proposed to address this issue. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environ Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lister, TE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environ Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 5 IS 11 BP B33 EP B36 DI 10.1149/1.1510621 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 596CA UT WOS:000178145200009 ER PT J AU Oh, B Hyung, YE Vissers, DR Amine, K AF Oh, B Hyung, YE Vissers, DR Amine, K TI New interpenetrating network-type siloxane polymer electrolyte SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIDE-GROUPS; CONDUCTIVITY; POLYPHOSPHAZENES AB An interpenetrating network (IPN), comb-type, siloxane-based solid polymer electrolyte solid polymer electrolyte was prepared and its electrochemical properties were evaluated. The cross-linking reaction conditions were established from accelerated rate calorimetry studies. An IPN solid ploymer electrolyte with 60 wt % of the comb-shaped siloxane showed an ionic conductivity of greater than 5 x 10(24) S/cm at 37degreesC, with a wide electrochemical stability window of up to 4.5 V vs. lithium. A Li metal/solid polymer electrolyte/LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cell showed promising discharge capacities above 130 mAh/g and good cycling performance. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60532 USA. RP Oh, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60532 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 5 IS 11 BP E59 EP E61 DI 10.1149/1.1511342 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 596CA UT WOS:000178145200011 ER PT J AU Yang, XQ McBreen, J Yoon, WS Yoshio, M Wang, HY Fukuda, K Umeno, T AF Yang, XQ McBreen, J Yoon, WS Yoshio, M Wang, HY Fukuda, K Umeno, T TI Structural studies of the new carbon-coated silicon anode materials using synchrotron-based in situ XRD SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; carbon-coated silicon anode; in situ XRD ID LITHIUM-ION-BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AB The structural changes of graphite-mixed and carbon-coated silicon, used as lithium intercalation materials, have been studied during discharge-charge using synchrotron-based in situ X-ray diffraction. The lithium intercalation (de-intercalation) takes place in the graphite first during discharge (charge), and then in the silicon. This graphite-lithium buffer combined with the uniformly distributed carbon coating greatly improve the quality and morphology of the Li-Si alloys formed at the surface of silicon powders. Therefore, the superior specific capacity and cycling performance are obtained for the graphite-mixed and carbon-coated silicon materials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Saga Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Saga 8408502, Japan. RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 12 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 8 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 4 IS 11 BP 893 EP 897 AR PII S1388-2481(02)00483-6 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(02)00483-6 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 617ET UT WOS:000179348900010 ER PT J AU Hilder, EF Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Hilder, EF Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI Polymeric monolithic stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE capillary electrochromatography; column technology; monolith; porous polymer; review ID CHARGED POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRITLESS PACKED-COLUMNS; AMINO-ACID ENANTIOMERS; SEPARATION MEDIA; CONTINUOUS BEDS; NEUTRAL COMPOUNDS; POROUS PROPERTIES AB This review summarizes the contributions of a number of groups working in the rapidly growing area of monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography (CEC), with a focus on those prepared from synthetic polymers. Monoliths have quickly become a well-established stationary phase format in the field of CEC. The simplicity of their in situ preparation method as well as the good control over their porous properties and surface chemistries make the monolithic separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with particulate materials. A wide variety of approaches as well as materials used for the preparation of the monolithic stationary phases are detailed. Their excellent chromatographic performance is demonstrated by numerous separations of different analytes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hilder, Emily/A-1001-2009 OI Hilder, Emily/0000-0002-4444-7870 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 103 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 22-23 BP 3934 EP 3953 DI 10.1002/elps.200290011 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 629QV UT WOS:000180061100011 PM 12481286 ER PT J AU Gera, D Mathur, MP Freeman, MC Robinson, A AF Gera, D Mathur, MP Freeman, MC Robinson, A TI Effect of large aspect ratio of biomass particles on carbon burnout in a utility boiler SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; COMBUSTION; COAL; TECHNOLOGY; PYROLYSIS; REDUCTION AB This paper reports on the development and validation of comprehensive combustion sub models that include the effect of large aspect ratio of biomass (switchgrass) particles on carbon burnout and temperature distribution inside the particles. Temperature and carbon burnout data are compared from two different models that are formulated by assuming (i) the particles are cylindrical and conduct heat internally, and (ii) the particles are spherical without internal heat conduction, i.e., no temperature gradient exists inside the particle. It was inferred that the latter model significantly underpredicted the temperature of the particle and, consequently, the burnout. Additionally, some results from cofiring biomass (10% heat input) with pulverized coal (90% heat input) are compared with the pulverized coal (100% heat input) simulations and coal experiments in a tangentially fired 150 MWe utility boiler. C1 Fluent Inc NETL, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fluent Inc NETL, 3647 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM gera@netl.doe.gov RI Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014 OI Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X NR 26 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1523 EP 1532 DI 10.1021/ef0200931 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 619CA UT WOS:000179454700027 ER PT J AU Simpson, TB AF Simpson, TB TI Improved methods for conversion of our fossil resources to fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Simpson, TB (reprint author), US DOE, ME-222 Germantown Bldg,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1599 EP 1600 DI 10.1021/ef0201432 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 619CA UT WOS:000179454700037 ER PT J AU Frey, GW Linke, DM AF Frey, GW Linke, DM TI Hydropower as a renewable and sustainable energy resource meeting global energy challenges in a reasonable way SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE hydropower; renewable; sustainable AB Central and State Governments in many countries have enacted laws and regulations to promote renewable energy and to encourage sustainable technologies. In doing so, they had to define what they meant by "renewable" and "sustainable", and they had to decide which particular technologies or organizations would be eligible for subsidies and tax concessions, and which others would be excluded. Not infrequently, a considerable amount of lobbying would precede the passage of such laws and regulations, and the resulting definitions of "renewable" and "sustainable" are often different than their original meaning. As a result, there now exist many laws or regulations, which define "small hydro" as renewable and sustainable, whereas "large hydro" is labeled by some of the legislators as being either not renewable or not sustainable. To further complicate matters, the definition of "small hydro" varies widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, from as little as I MW capacity to as much as 100 MW capacity. This article traces society's increasing preoccupation with renewability and sustainability issues over the past few decades, and addresses the question of whether large hydropower should be considered renewable and sustainable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Frey, GW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 200 Union Blvd,Suite 530, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. NR 0 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 2002 VL 30 IS 14 BP 1261 EP 1265 AR PII S0301-4215(02)00086-1 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00086-1 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 596CZ UT WOS:000178147700007 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Hu, W Shen, L Xin, X Brannon, R AF Chen, Z Hu, W Shen, L Xin, X Brannon, R TI An evaluation of the MPM for simulating dynamic failure with damage diffusion SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mechanics and Materials CY JUN 26-29, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE dynamic failure; diffusion; impact; localization; meshless ID MATERIAL POINT METHOD; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB For dynamic brittle failure, conventional mesh-based methods, such as the finite element method and finite difference method, are handicapped when localized large deformations and subsequent transitions from continuous to discontinuous failure modes occur. To evaluate the potential of the material point method (MPM) in simulating dynamic brittle failure involving different failure modes, the essential features of the MPM are explored for wave and impact problems, and combined wave and diffusion problems are then solved by using the MPM. Through the comparison with the experimental, analytical and numerical data available, it appears that the MPM is a robust tool to simulate multi-physics problems such as dynamic failure under impact. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Phys & Simulat Frameworks, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E2509 Engn Bldg E, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Shen, Luming/A-3247-2008; Shen, Luming/D-1581-2010 NR 13 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 69 IS 17 BP 1873 EP 1890 AR PII S0013-7944(02)00066-8 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00066-8 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 597NA UT WOS:000178226600006 ER PT J AU McMakin, AH Malone, EL Lundgren, RE AF McMakin, AH Malone, EL Lundgren, RE TI Motivating residents to conserve energy without financial incentives SO ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID RECYCLING BEHAVIOR; INFORMATION; FEEDBACK; OPPORTUNITIES; CONSUMPTION; PSYCHOLOGY; ATTITUDES AB Given the aim to motivate people to conserve energy in homes, we need to understand what drives people's energy use behavior and how it can be influenced. This article describes applied energy conservation campaigns at two U.S. military installations where residents do not pay their own utility bills. Customized approaches were designed for each installation based on a broad social-psychological model. Before-and-after energy use was measured, and residents were Surveyed about end use behaviors. Residents said they were motivated by the desire to do the right thing, set good examples for their children, and have comfortable homes. For sustained change, respondents recommended continued awareness and education, disincentives, and incentives. Findings support some aspects of a social-psychological model, with emphasis on altruistic and egoistic motives for behavioral change. These studies may have implications for situations where residents are not billed for individual energy use, including other government-subsidized facilities, master-metered apartments, and university dormitories. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP McMakin, AH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 38 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-9165 J9 ENVIRON BEHAV JI Environ. Behav. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 34 IS 6 BP 848 EP 863 DI 10.1177/001391602237252 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA 603WE UT WOS:000178583400008 ER PT J AU Nagurney, A Ke, K Cruz, J Hancock, K Southworth, F AF Nagurney, A Ke, K Cruz, J Hancock, K Southworth, F TI Dynamics of supply chains: a multilevel (logistical - informational - financial) network perspective SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID STABILITY ANALYSIS; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we propose a multilevel network perspective for the conceptualization of the dynamics underlying supply chains in the presence of competition. The multilevel network con I sists of the logistical network, the informational network, and the financial network. We describe the behavior of the network decisionmakers, which are spatially separated and which consist of the manufacturers and producing firms, the retailers, and the consumers located at the demand markets. We propose a projected dynamical system, along with stability analysis results, that captures the adjustments',of the commodity shipments and the prices over space and time. A discrete-time adjustment process is described and implemented in order to illustrate in several numerical examples the evolution of the commodity shipments and prices to the equilibrium solution. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Isenberg Sch Management, Dept Finance & Operat Management, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nagurney, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Isenberg Sch Management, Dept Finance & Operat Management, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0265-8135 J9 ENVIRON PLANN B JI Environ. Plan. B-Plan. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 795 EP 818 DI 10.1068/b12864 PG 24 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622QM UT WOS:000179657800002 ER PT J AU Andersson, C Rasmussen, S White, R AF Andersson, C Rasmussen, S White, R TI Urban settlement transitions SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; SAN-FRANCISCO; GROWTH; SYSTEM; DYNAMICS; AGGREGATION; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; CITY; GIS AB Urban growth dynamics attracts the efforts of scientists from many different disciplines with objectives ranging from theoretical understanding to the development of carefully tuned realistic models that can serve as planning and policy tools. Theoretical models are often abstract and of limited applied value while most applied models yield little theoretical understanding. Here we present a mathematically well-defined model based on a modified Markov random field with lattice-wide interactions that produces realistic growth patterns as well as behavior observed in a range of other models based on diffusion-limited aggregation, cellular automata, and similar models. We investigate the framework's ability to generate plausible patterns using minimal assumptions about the interaction parameters since the tuning and specific definition of these are outside of the scope of this paper. Typical universality classes of the simulated dynamics and the phase transitions between them are discussed in the context of real urban dynamics. Using suitability data derived from topography, we produce configurations quantitatively similar to real cities. Also, an intuitive class of interaction rules is found to produce fractal configurations, not unlike vascular systems, that resemble urban sprawl. The dynamics are driven by interactions, depicting human decisions, between all lattice points. This is realized in a computationally efficient way using a mean-field renormalization (area average) approach. The model provides a mathematically transparent framework to which any level of detail necessary for actual urban planning application can be added. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES6 MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, T CNLS MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. RIKS, NL-6200 AL Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Andersson, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES6 MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM andersson@lanl.gov; steen@lanl.gov; roger@riks.nl RI White, Roger/A-4834-2008; OI White, Roger/0000-0002-6998-3725; Andersson, Claes/0000-0003-1457-3240 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0265-8135 J9 ENVIRON PLANN B JI Environ. Plan. B-Plan. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 841 EP 865 DI 10.1068/b12813 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622QM UT WOS:000179657800004 ER PT J AU Shendell, DG Naeher, LP AF Shendell, DG Naeher, LP TI A pilot study to assess ground-level ambient air concentrations of fine particles and carbon monoxide in urban Guatemala SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fine particles; carbon monoxide; Guatemala; Latin America; particle characterization; X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis ID SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; POLLUTION SOURCES; PM2.5; EXPOSURE; AEROSOL; EXPOLIS; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; COMMUNITY AB Ambient concentrations and the elemental composition of particles less than 2.5 mum in diameter (PM2.5), as well as carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, were measured at ground-level in three Guatemalan cities in summer 1997: Guatemala City, Quetzaltenango, and Antigua. This pilot study also included quantitative and qualitative characterizations of microenvironment conditions, e.g., local meteorology, reported elsewhere. The nondestructive X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis (XRF) of Teflon filters was conducted. The highest integrated average PM2.5 concentrations in an area (zona) of Guatemala City and Quetzaltenango were 150 mug m(-3) (zona 12) and 120 mug m(-3) (zona 2), respectively. The reported integrated average PW2.5, concentration for Antigua was 5 mug m(-3). The highest observed half-hour and monitoring period average CO concentrations in Guatemala City were 10.9 ppm (zona 8) and 7.2 ppm (zonas 8 and 10), respectively. The average monitoring period CO concentration in Antigua was 2.6 ppm. Lead and bromine concentrations were negligible, indicative of the transition to unleaded fuel use in cars and motorcycles. The XRF results suggested sources of air pollution in Guatemala, where relative rankings varied by city, and by zonas within each city, were fossil fuel combustion emitting hydrocarbons, combustion of sulfurous conventional fuels, soil/roadway dust, farni/agricultural dust, and vehicles (evaporation of gas, parts' wear). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shendell, DG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, IED, EETD, MS 90-3058,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 28 IS 5 BP 375 EP 382 AR PII S0160-4120(02)00057-0 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00057-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 613KV UT WOS:000179132200006 PM 12437287 ER PT J AU Bell, ML Davis, D Cifuentes, L Cohen, A Gouveia, N Grant, L Green, C Johnson, T Rogat, J Spengler, J Thurston, G AF Bell, ML Davis, D Cifuentes, L Cohen, A Gouveia, N Grant, L Green, C Johnson, T Rogat, J Spengler, J Thurston, G TI International Expert Workshop on the analysis of the economic and public health impacts of air pollution: Workshop summary SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Analysis of the Economic and Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution CY SEP 06, 2001 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY DE air pollution; economic valuation; human health; morbidity; mortality ID BIOMASS COMBUSTION; EXPOSURE; KENYA AB Forty-nine experts from 18 industrial and developing countries met on 6 September 2001 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, to discuss the economic and public health impacts of air pollution, particularly with respect to assessing the public health benefits from technologies and policies that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Such measures would provide immediate public health benefits, such as reduced premature mortality and chronic morbidity, through improved local air quality. These mitigation strategies also allow long-term goals-for example, reducing the buildup of GHG emissions-to be achieved alongside short-term aims, such as immediate improvements in air quality, and therefore benefits to public health. The workshop aimed to foster research partnerships by improving collaboration and communication among various agencies and researchers; providing a forum for presentations by sponsoring agencies and researchers regarding research efforts and agency activities; identifying key issues, knowledge gaps, methodological shortcomings, and research needs; and recommending activities and initiatives for research, collaboration, and communication. This workshop summary briefly describes presentations made by workshop participants and the conclusions of three separate working groups: economics, benefits transfer, and policy; indoor air quality issues and susceptible populations; and development and transfer of dose-response relationships and exposure models in developing countries. Several common themes emerged from the working group sessions and subsequent discussion. Key recommendations include the need for improved communication and extended collaboration, guidance and support for researchers, advances in methods, and resource support for data collection, assessment, and research. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, John Heinz III Sch Publ Policy & Management, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. UN, Environm Program Collaborating Ctr Energy & Envir, Roskilde, Denmark. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Bell, ML (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 313 Ames Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Cifuentes, Luis/C-7081-2009; Gouveia, Nelson/C-4580-2013 OI Cifuentes, Luis/0000-0001-7416-5607; Gouveia, Nelson/0000-0003-0625-0265 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1163 EP 1168 DI 10.1289/ehp.021101163 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 614NW UT WOS:000179197100039 PM 12417489 ER PT J AU Brofft, JE McArthur, JV Shimkets, LJ AF Brofft, JE McArthur, JV Shimkets, LJ TI Recovery of novel bacterial diversity from a forested wetland impacted by reject coal SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; GEN. NOV.; ENVIRONMENTS; COMMUNITY; LEACHATE; SAMPLES; PILE; BIAS AB Sulphide mineral mining together with improperly contained sulphur-rich coal represents a significant environmental problem caused by leaching of toxic material. The Savannah River Site's D-area harbours a 22-year-old exposed reject coal pile (RCP) from which acidic, metal rich, saline runoff has impacted an adjacent forested wetland. In order to assess the bacterial community composition of this region, composite sediment samples were collected at three points along a contamination gradient (high, middle and no contamination) and processed for generation of bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNA clone libraries. Little sequence overlap occurred between the contaminated (RCP samples) and unimpacted sites, indicating that the majority of 16S rDNAs retrieved from the former represent organisms selected by the acidic runoff. Archaeal diversity within the RCP samples consisted mainly of sequences related to the genus Thermoplasma and to sequences of a novel type. Bacterial RCP libraries contained 16S rRNA genes related to isolates (Acidiphilium sp., Acidobacterium capsulatum, Ferromicrobium acidophilium and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans) and environmental clones previously retrieved from acidic habitats, including ones phylogenetically associated with organisms capable of sulphur and iron metabolism. These libraries also exhibited particularly novel 16S rDNA types not retrieved from other acid mine drainage habitats, indicating that significant diversity remains to be detected in acid mine drainage-type systems. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Brofft, JE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jebrofft@arches.uga.edu NR 24 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 4 IS 11 BP 764 EP 769 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00337.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 620NU UT WOS:000179540100017 PM 12460285 ER PT J AU Yang, JK Barnett, MO Jardine, PM Basta, NT Casteel, SW AF Yang, JK Barnett, MO Jardine, PM Basta, NT Casteel, SW TI Adsorption, sequestration, and bioaccessibility of As(V) in soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARSENATE ADSORPTION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; RISK ASSESSMENT; BIOAVAILABILITY; FERRIHYDRITE; SURFACE; ARSENITE; LEAD; GOETHITE; METALS AB The influence of various soil physical and chemical properties adsorption, sequestration, and relative bioaccessibility was investigated in a wide range of well-characterized soils over a 6-month period. Arsenic bioaccessibility was measured using a streamlined version of a physiologically based extraction test , designed to replicate the solubility-limiting conditions in a child's digestive tract. The soil's dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extractable Fe oxide content was the most important soil property controlling the initial degree of adsorption. Sequestration, as measured by the reduction in bioaccessibility over time, occurred to a significant extent in 17 of 36 <47.2%> soils over the first 3 months. In contrast, only 4 of 36 <11.1%> soils exhibited a significant reduction in bioaccessibility from 3 to 6 months. Soil pH was the most important soil property affecting the decrease in bioaccessibility upon aging for 6 months. Soils with pH < 6 generally sequestered As more strongly over time, whereas those with pH > 6 generally did not. The Fe oxide content and pH were the most important soil properties governing the steady-state bioaccessibility of As in soil. Two multivariable linear regression models of steady-state As bioaccessibility were developed using soil properties as independent variables. Generally, soils having higher Fe oxide content and lower soil pH exhibited lower bioaccessibility. These models were able to account for similar to75-80% of the variability in steady-state bioaccessibility and independently predict bioaccessibility in five soils within a root-mean-square error of 8.2-10.9%. One of these models was also able to predict within an RMSE of 9.5% the in vivo bioavailability of As in nine contaminated soils previously used in swine dosing trials. These results indicate the bioaccessibility, and thus, potentially the bioavailability of otherwise soluble As added to soils is significantly reduced in some soils over time, particularly those with lower pH and higher Fe oxide content. These results also provide a means of estimating As bioaccessibility and bioavailability on the basis of soil properties. C1 Auburn Univ, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Missouri, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 29 TC 124 Z9 132 U1 7 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 21 BP 4562 EP 4569 DI 10.1021/es011507s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611ED UT WOS:000179002700029 PM 12433165 ER PT J AU Sblattero, D Florian, F Azzoni, E Zyla, T Park, M Baldas, V Not, T Ventura, A Bradbury, A Marzari, R AF Sblattero, D Florian, F Azzoni, E Zyla, T Park, M Baldas, V Not, T Ventura, A Bradbury, A Marzari, R TI The analysis of the fine specificity of celiac disease antibodies using tissue transglutaminase fragments SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE autoimmunity; celiac disease; transglutaminase; epitope mapping; phage display ID GTP-BINDING; PHAGE DISPLAY; CDNA CLONES; FACTOR-XIII; AUTOANTIGEN; APOPTOSIS; ANTIGEN; CLONING AB Celiac disease is an intestinal malabsorption characterized by an intolerance to cereal proteins accompanied by immunological responses to dietary gliadins and a autoantigen located in the endomysium. The latter has been identified as the enzyme tissue transglutaminase which belongs to a family of enzymes that catalyze protein cross-linking reactions and is constitutively expressed in many tissues as well as being activated during apoptosis. I a recent paper, we described the selection and characterization of anti-transglutaminase Igs from phage antibody libraries created from intestinal lymphocytes from celiac disease patients. In this work, using transglutaminase gene fragments, we identify a region of tissue transglutaminase recognized by these antibodies as being conformational and located in the core domain of the enzyme. This is identical to the region recognized by anti-transglutaminase Igs found in the serum of celiac disease patients. C1 Univ Trieste, Dept Biol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. IRCSS, Trieste, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Sblattero, D (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dept Biol, Via L Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. OI Not, Tarcisio/0000-0003-1059-3009; Ventura, Alessandro/0000-0002-4657-1760 FU Telethon [E.1141] NR 26 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 269 IS 21 BP 5175 EP 5181 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03215.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 607VJ UT WOS:000178811200008 PM 12392549 ER PT J AU Fornace, A Bulavin, D Anderson, C Kallioniemi, A Saito, S Amundson, S Demidov, O Nebreda, A Appella, E AF Fornace, A Bulavin, D Anderson, C Kallioniemi, A Saito, S Amundson, S Demidov, O Nebreda, A Appella, E TI Genomic-stability and growth-control mechanisms involving the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway - identification of potential targets for cancer therapy SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th EORTC/NCI/AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics CY NOV 19-22, 2002 CL FRANKFURT, GERMANY C1 NIH, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tampere, Canc Genet Lab, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. European Mol Biol Lab, Heidelberg, Germany. RI Fornace, Albert/A-7407-2008 OI Fornace, Albert/0000-0001-9695-085X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PD NOV PY 2002 VL 38 SU 7 MA 390 BP S117 EP S117 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 626VZ UT WOS:000179895700391 ER PT J AU Menendez, JA Mehmi, I Atlas, E Tsai, MS Lupu, R AF Menendez, JA Mehmi, I Atlas, E Tsai, MS Lupu, R TI The angiogenic factor CYR61, a downstream effector of heregulin, protects breast cancer cells from paclitaxel-induced cell death through integrin alphav beta3 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th EORTC/NCI/AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics CY NOV 19-22, 2002 CL FRANKFURT, GERMANY C1 Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Res Inst, Dept Med, Evanston, IL USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RI MENENDEZ, JAVIER/C-6148-2016 OI MENENDEZ, JAVIER/0000-0001-8733-4561 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PD NOV PY 2002 VL 38 SU 7 MA 366 BP S108 EP S109 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 626VZ UT WOS:000179895700368 ER PT J AU Gazeau, S Pecaut, J Haddad, R Shelnutt, JA Marchon, JC AF Gazeau, S Pecaut, J Haddad, R Shelnutt, JA Marchon, JC TI Twisting the porphyrin ring to enhance epoxidation enantioselectivity SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE porphyrinoids; manganese; enantioselectivity; asymmetric catalysis; epoxidation AB A series of bridled chiroporphyrins has been prepared in which the distortion of the porphyrin ring is controlled solely by the length of the bridles. The influence of ring distortion on the enantioselectivity of catalytic epoxidation by their manganese complexes has been investigated. Twisting the porphyrin ring is found to enhance the enantioselectivity of dihydronaphthalene epoxidation. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. UJF, UMR 5046 CNRS, CEA, Lab Chim Inorgan & Biol, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP Shelnutt, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jasheln@unm.edu; jcmarchon@cea.fr RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD NOV PY 2002 IS 11 BP 2956 EP 2960 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 608YU UT WOS:000178876500027 ER PT J AU Gomez, ME Santamaria, J Cyrille, MC Nelson, EC Krishnan, KM SChuller, IK AF Gomez, ME Santamaria, J Cyrille, MC Nelson, EC Krishnan, KM SChuller, IK TI Quantitative roughness of sputtered Fe-Cr superlattices SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC SUPERLATTICES; FE/CR SUPERLATTICES; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; MULTILAYERS; SURFACES; REFLECTIVITY; GROWTH; FORM AB We obtained quantitative values of all significant parameters describing the roughness of Fe-Cr superlattices, both in the lateral and growth directions, by statistical analysis of energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy images using cross section samples'. These results are in good agreement with the complementary low-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The interface roughness of sputtered Fe-Cr superlattices was changed systematically by varying Ar-pressure during the growth and the number of the bilayers. By scaling local window size we obtained the dependence of the saturated roughness and its correlation lengths in both the lateral and growth directions. The roughness and its correlation lengths (lateral and perpendicular) increase with pressure. However correlation length in the lateral is constant with bilayer index for low-pressure sputtered samples. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gomez, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD NOV PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2002-00353-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 628HP UT WOS:000179987800004 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG Posch, HA Aoki, K Kusnezov, D AF Hoover, WG Posch, HA Aoki, K Kusnezov, D TI Remarks on non-Hamiltonian statistical mechanics: Lyapunov exponents and phase-space dimensionality loss SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATES; THERMODYNAMICS; DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFUSION AB The dissipation associated with nonequilibrium flow processes is reflected by the formation of strange attractor distributions in phase space. The information dimension of these attractors is less than that of the equilibrium phase space, corresponding to the extreme rarity of nonequilibrium states. Here we take advantage of a simple model for heat conduction to demonstrate that the nonequilibrium dimensionality loss can definitely exceed the number of phase-space dimensions required to thermostat an otherwise Hamiltonian system. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Expt Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Keio Univ, Dept Phys, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238521, Japan. Yale Univ, Sloane Phys Lab, Ctr Theoret Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Hoover, WG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 337 EP 341 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00269-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 608AA UT WOS:000178821900002 ER PT J AU Seeck, OH Kim, H Lee, DR Shu, D Kaendler, ID Basu, JK Sinha, SK AF Seeck, OH Kim, H Lee, DR Shu, D Kaendler, ID Basu, JK Sinha, SK TI Observation of thickness quantization in liquid films confined to molecular dimension SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; POLYMER; SURFACES; FLUIDS AB Liquid octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) films have been prepared between two at silicon substrates with varying nanometer-sized gaps which correspond to two to three molecular diameters of OMCTS. These extremely confined liquid films have been investigated using X-ray scattering methods as a function of applied pressure, in particular by observing the specular reflectivity and the diffuse scattering. For the first time, scattering methods show that the gapsize cannot be changed continuously with changing pressure. Instead, the gap is quantized due to ordering effects of the OMCTS molecules. The use of scattering methods has enormous future implications as they allow very detailed investigations of confined liquids at a molecular level. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, IFF, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XFD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Seeck, OH (reprint author), DESY, HASYLAB, Notkestr 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00274-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 608AA UT WOS:000178821900008 ER PT J AU Schneider, ML Demsar, J Glinka, Y Klimov, A Krapf, A Rast, S Ren, YH Si, WD Xu, Y Zeng, XH Bozovic, I Lupke, G Manzke, R Sobolewski, R Taylor, AT Tolk, NH Xi, XX Joynt, R Onellion, M AF Schneider, ML Demsar, J Glinka, Y Klimov, A Krapf, A Rast, S Ren, YH Si, WD Xu, Y Zeng, XH Bozovic, I Lupke, G Manzke, R Sobolewski, R Taylor, AT Tolk, NH Xi, XX Joynt, R Onellion, M TI Ultrafast carrier relaxation dynamics in single-layer cuprates SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASIPARTICLE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE; ELECTRON-PHONON RELAXATION; NONEQUILIBRIUM SUPERCONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; GOLD; THERMALIZATION; DEPENDENCE; COPPER AB Using a femtosecond pump-probe optical technique, we measured the time-resolved change in reflectivity of three single-layer cuprate samples, including Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+z, La2CuO4+y and La2-xSrxCuO4 grown on SrTiO3. We analyze the data in terms of a nonthermal electron relaxation model, and obtain quantitative agreement between the model and the data. The initial electron-electron thermalization process is much longer in the uperconducting samples as opposed to the overdoped nonsuperconducting sample, suggesting a bottleneck in electron thermalization process due to the presence of the superconducting gap. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02904 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OXXEL GmbH, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Schneider, ML (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Sobolewski, Roman/A-1979-2013; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 12 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00286-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 608AA UT WOS:000178821900020 ER PT J AU Sernelius, BE AF Sernelius, BE TI Strong enhancement of dispersion forces from microwave radiation SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB We have studied non-thermal effects of microwave radiation on the forces between objects. This is the first step in a study of possible effects of microwave radiation from cellular phones on biological tissue. We have used a simplified model for human blood cells in blood. We find for the normal radiation level of cellular phones an enhancement of the attractive force with ten orders of magnitude as compared to the corresponding effect at thermal radiation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Sernelius, BE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sernelius, Bo/I-4566-2012 OI Sernelius, Bo/0000-0002-6281-868X NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 60 IS 4 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00266-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614BZ UT WOS:000179169600023 ER PT J AU Nishi, K Schnier, JB Bradbury, EM AF Nishi, K Schnier, JB Bradbury, EM TI Cell shape change precedes staurosporine-induced stabilization and accumulation of p27kip1 SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KINASE INHIBITOR STAUROSPORINE; PROTEIN-KINASE; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; CYCLE PROGRESSION; POTENT INHIBITOR; DEPENDENT KINASE-2; DOWN-REGULATION; CYTOCHALASIN-D; G(1) ARREST; S-PHASE AB The requirement of an intact cytoskeleton organization for G1/S cell cycle progression has been demonstrated in cultured cells. In the non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line A549, the kinase inhibitor staurosporine induced G1 cell cycle arrest with an accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1. Staurosporine induced also a drastic change in cell shape that was accompanied by changes in the actin cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton disruption agents, cytochalasin D (cyto D) and 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime (BDM), also induced G1 cell cycle arrest in A549 cells but without an accumulation of p27kip1. A comparison of the cell shape changes caused by these agents revealed that a conversion from an epithelial polygonal shape to an elongated fibroblast-like shape was specific for staurosporine. The shape change induced by staurosporine preceded the accumulation of p27kip1 by about 4 h. The accumulation of p27kip1 was not due to enhanced transcription but to stabilization of the protein resulting from the inhibition of proteolytic degradation. Staurosporine, however, did not inhibit directly the proteasome that was involved in the cell-cycle-dependent p27kip1 degradation. The results indicate that the cell shape change caused by staurosporine correlates with the accumulation of p27kip1 and that staurosporine interferes with the p27kip1-specific proteolysis activity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Bio Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nishi, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 280 IS 2 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1006/excr.2002.5637 PG 11 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 608AW UT WOS:000178823800009 PM 12413889 ER PT J AU Horstemeyer, MF Yang, N Gall, K McDowell, D Fan, J Gullett, P AF Horstemeyer, MF Yang, N Gall, K McDowell, D Fan, J Gullett, P TI High cycle fatigue mechanics in a cast AM60B magnesium alloy SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE dendrite cell size; high cycle fatigue; magnesium; microstructure; porosity ID AL-SI ALLOYS; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; AZ91 MAGNESIUM; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; FRACTURE AB We examine micromechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and growth in a cast AM60B magnesium alloy by relating dendrite cell size and porosity under different strain amplitudes in high cycle fatigue conditions. Fatigue cracks formed at casting pores within the specimen and near the surface, depending on the relative pore sizes. When the pore that initiated the fatigue crack decreased from approximately 110 mum to 80 mum, the fatigue life increased two times. After initiation, the fatigue cracks grew through two distinct stages before final overload specimen failure. At low maximum crack tip driving forces (K-max < 2.3 MPa&RADIC;m), the fatigue crack propagated preferentially through the α-Mg dendrite cells. At high maximum crack tip driving forces (K-max > 2.3 MParootm), the fatigue crack propagated primarily through the beta-Al12Mg17 particle laden interdendritic regions. Based on these observations, any proposed mechanism-based fatigue model for cast Mg alloys must incorporate the change in growth mechanisms for different applied maximum stress intensity factors, in addition to the effect of pore size on the propensity to form a fatigue crack. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Alfred Univ, Div Mech Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1045 EP 1056 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00594.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 610MT UT WOS:000178964400007 ER PT J AU Blume-Kohout, R Caves, CM Deutsch, IH AF Blume-Kohout, R Caves, CM Deutsch, IH TI Climbing mount scalable: Physical resource requirements for a scalable quantum computer SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum information; quantum computation; entanglement; quantum mechanics; scalability ID COMPUTATION; INFORMATION; STATES; IMPLEMENTATION; ENTANGLEMENT; ALGORITHM AB The primary resource for quantum computation is Hilbert-space dimension. Whereas Hilbert space itself is an abstract construction, the number of dimensions available to a system is a physical quantity that requires physical resources. Avoiding a demand for an exponential amount of these resources places a fundamental constraint on the systems that are suitable for scalable quantum computation. To be scalable, the effective number of degrees of freedom in the computer must grow nearly linearly with the number of qubits in an equivalent qubit-based quantum computer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Blume-Kohout, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B210, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Caves, Carlton/K-8167-2014; Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009 OI Caves, Carlton/0000-0001-8876-1186; Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750 NR 69 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1641 EP 1670 DI 10.1023/A:1021471621587 PG 30 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 624QF UT WOS:000179770600001 ER PT J AU Muroga, T Gasparotto, M Zinkle, SJ AF Muroga, T Gasparotto, M Zinkle, SJ TI Overview of materials research for fusion reactors SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE low activation materials; reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels; vanadium alloys; SiC/SiC composites; radiation effects modelling ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; VANADIUM ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE IRRADIATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; MARTENSITIC STEELS; SILICON-CARBIDE; CRITICAL-ISSUES; COMPOSITES AB Materials research for fusion reactors is overviewed from Japanese, EU and US perspectives. Emphasis is placed on programs and strategies for developing blanket structural materials, and recent highlights in research and development for reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels, vanadium alloys and SiC/SiC composites, and in mechanistic experimental and modeling studies. The common critical issue for the candidate materials is, the effect of irradiation with helium production. For the qualification of materials up to the full lifetime of a DEMO and Power Plant reactors, an intense neutron source with relevant fusion neutron spectra is crucial. Elaborate use of the presently available irradiation devices will facilitate efficient and sound materials development within the required time scale. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Fus Engn Res Ctr, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EFDA Garching, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Muroga, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Fus Engn Res Ctr, Gifu 5095292, Japan. EM muroga@nifs.ac.jp OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 53 TC 132 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 13 EP 25 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00219-3 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00219-3 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500004 ER PT J AU Kaita, R Majeski, R Boaz, M Efthimion, P Jones, B Hoffman, D Kugel, H Menard, J Munsat, T Post-Zwicker, A Soukhanovskii, V Spaleta, J Taylor, G Timberlake, J Woolley, R Zakharov, L Finkenthal, M Stutman, D Antar, G Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Maingi, R Maiorano, M Smith, S AF Kaita, R Majeski, R Boaz, M Efthimion, P Jones, B Hoffman, D Kugel, H Menard, J Munsat, T Post-Zwicker, A Soukhanovskii, V Spaleta, J Taylor, G Timberlake, J Woolley, R Zakharov, L Finkenthal, M Stutman, D Antar, G Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Maingi, R Maiorano, M Smith, S TI Spherical torus plasma interactions with large-area liquid lithium surfaces in CDX-U SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE lithium limiter; plasma-surface interactions; spherical torus AB The current drive experiment-upgrade (CDX-U) device at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is a spherical torus (ST) dedicated to the exploration of liquid lithium as a potential solution to reactor first-wall problems such as heat load and erosion, neutron damage and activation, and tritium inventory and breeding. Initial lithium limiter experiments were conducted with a toroidally-local liquid lithium rail limiter (L3) from the University of California at San Diego (UCSD). Spectroscopic measurements showed a clear reduction of impurities in plasmas with the L3, compared to discharges with a boron carbide limiter. The evidence for a reduction in recycling was less apparent, however. This may be attributable to the relatively small area in contact with the plasma, and the presence of high-recycling surfaces elsewhere in the vacuum chamber. This conclusion was tested in subsequent experiments with a fully toroidal lithium limiter that was installed above the floor of the vacuum vessel. The new limiter covered over ten times the area of the L3 facing the plasma. Experiments with the toroidal lithium limiter have recently begun. This paper describes the conditioning required to prepare the lithium surface for plasma operations, and effect of the toroidal liquid lithium limiter on discharge performance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Kaita, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM kaita@pppl.gov RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 217 EP 222 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00117-5 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00117-5 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500029 ER PT J AU Konkashbaev, I Hassanein, A AF Konkashbaev, I Hassanein, A TI MHD problems in free liquid surfaces as plasma-facing materials in magnetically confined reactors SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE MHD; free liquid surfaces; plasma-facing materials; heights AB The development of solid plasma-facing components (PFCs) that can withstand high heat and particle fluxes during normal and abnormal events has proven to be a difficult task for future power-producing magnetically confined reactors. Solid PFC cannot be reliably used because of the large erosion losses during normal and off-normal events such as disruptions and their consequences. The use of liquid metal surfaces for protection of PFCs seems attractive but is not easily implemented. The ability to use liquids as PFC surfaces depends on their overall integrated interaction with the plasma as well as with the strong magnetic field in the reactor. The temperature of a flowing liquid surface governed by surface velocity should be low enough to avoid core plasma contamination by the metal vapor. A high liquid flow velocity, V, may also be necessary to overcome the force F = [J x B], where J is current and B is magnetic field. In this study, MHD flow patterns of the liquid metal across the magnetic field (B = 5 T) are investigated. The retarding force F = [J x B] results in a rather high pressure drop required to move the liquid metal across the magnetic field. New two-dimensional calculations of MHD effects and resulting pressure drop have been completed with the upgraded HEIGHTS software package. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Konkashbaev, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave-Bldg 308, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM isak@anl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 223 EP 229 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00231-4 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00231-4 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500030 ER PT J AU Majumdar, S AF Majumdar, S TI Leakage analysis of the EVOLVE first wall SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE cyclic surface; lithium; liquid AB Leakage of lithium through cracks in the first wall (FW) of evaporation of lithium and vapor extraction was analyzed for two limiting cases, which are simplified versions of the real case, where the lithium enters the cracks as liquid and flashes to vapor phase within the FW. Leakage rates were calculated for the cases of liquid lithium flow and lithium vapor flow. Inasmuch as the coolant pressure is close to the saturation pressure, the limiting case of lithium vapor flow should be closer to reality. The impact of lithium leakage on first-wall cooling and plasma contamination is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Majumdar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM majumdar@anl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 489 EP 495 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00236-3 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00236-3 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500063 ER PT J AU Youssef, MZ Sawan, ME Sze, DK AF Youssef, MZ Sawan, ME Sze, DK TI The breeding potential of 'flinabe' and comparison to 'flibe' in 'CLiFF' high power density concept SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE flinabe; flibe; CLiFF; tritium breeding; self-sufficiency ID FUSION-REACTORS; HEAT DEPOSITION; SURFACE; THICK; DESIGNS; WALLS AB Because of its low melting temperature (240 degreesC) and low vapor pressure, the molten salt LiF-NaF-BeF(2) (Flinabe) with ratio 1:1:1 has been suggested as the front flowing liquid layer, FFLL (2-cm thick) in the Convective Liquid Flow First Wall (CLiFF) high power density concept (7 MW/m(2) average neutron wall load, 10 MW/m(2) max.). However, because of its lower Li concentration relative to LiF-BeF(2) (Flibe, with ratio 2:1), its deployment as a breeder has been a concern. In this paper, we compare the local tritium breeding ratio (TBR) of Flinabe to Flibe in two arrangements: (1) as a FFLL and breeder in the blanket; and (2) as only the FFLL with LiPb/SiC conventional blanket following the FW. The impact of the choice of ferritic steel (FS) and SiC as the structural material on TBR was also examined. In addition, the paper discusses what constitutes a reasonable value for local TBR if all sources of uncertainties in the achievable and the required TBR are considered (e.g. modeling, nuclear data, burn up rate in the plasma, etc.) (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Youssef, MZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 43-133 Engn 4 Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM youssef@fusion.ucla.edu NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 497 EP 503 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00245-4 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00245-4 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500064 ER PT J AU Causey, RA Brooks, JN Federici, G AF Causey, RA Brooks, JN Federici, G TI Tritium inventory and recovery in next-step fusion devices SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE tungsten; tritium; deuterium ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; HIGH-PURITY BERYLLIUM; DEUTERIUM RETENTION; CARBON-FILMS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; PYROLYTIC CARBON; HIGH FLUENCES; GRAPHITE; TUNGSTEN AB Future fusion devices will use tritium and deuterium fuel. Because tritium is both radioactive and expensive, it is absolutely necessary that there be an understanding of the tritium retention characteristics of the materials used in these devices as well as how to recover the tritium. There are three materials that are strong candidates for plasma-facing-material use in next-step fusion devices. These are beryllium, tungsten, and carbon. While beryllium has the disadvantage of high sputtering and low melting point (which limits its power handling capabilities in divertor areas), it has the advantages of being a low-Z material with a good thermal conductivity and the ability to get oxygen from the plasma; Due to beryllium's very low solubility for hydrogen, implantation of beryllium with deuterium and tritium results in a saturated layer in the very near-surface with limited inventory (J. Nucl. Mater. 273 (1999) 1). Unfortunately, there are nuclear reactions generated by neutrons that will breed tritium and helium in the material bulk (J. Nucl. Mater. 179 (1991) 329). This process will lead to a substantial tritium inventory in the bulk of the beryllium after long-term neutron exposure (i.e. well beyond the operation life time of a next-step reactor like ITER). Tungsten is a high-Z material that will be used in the divertor region of next-step devices (e.g. ITER) and possibly as a first wall material in later devices. The divertor is the preferred location for tungsten use because net erosion is very low there due to low sputtering and high redeposition. While experiments are still continuing on tritium retention in tungsten, present data suggest that relatively low tritium inventories will result with this material (J. Nucl. Mater. 290-293 (2001) 505). For tritium inventories, carbon is the problem material. Neutron damage to the graphite can result in substantial bulk tritium retention (J. Nucl. Mater. 191-194 (1992) 368), and codeposition of the sputtered carbon with the tritium from the plasma will produce a layer of carbonaceous material potentially containing kilograms of tritium in the cooler areas of the tokamak (J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A5 (1987) 2286). This paper reviews the tritium retention mechanisms for the three materials discussed above. Tritium removal techniques, including those used in situ to minimize in-vessel inventories as well as those used to reduce contamination prior to waste disposal, are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ITER Joint Work Site, Garching Co Ctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Causey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM causey@ca.sandia.gov NR 88 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 525 EP 536 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00248-X DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00248-X PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500067 ER PT J AU Sawan, ME Zinkle, SJ Sheffield, J AF Sawan, ME Zinkle, SJ Sheffield, J TI Impact of tritium removal and He-3 recycling on structure damage parameters in a D-D fusion system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE D-D fusion; tritium; He-3 AB Removing tritium produced by D-D fusion and recycling part of it after it decays to He-3 significantly reduces the fraction of fusion energy carried by neutrons in a D-D system. For a catalyzed D-D system (no tritium removal), the peak dpa rate in candidate structural materials is 25-35% lower than that in an equivalent D-T system with the same fusion power wall loading. The gas production and transmutation rates are about 60% lower. As tritium is removed gas production and transmutations decrease by more than two orders of magnitude and the dpa rate decreases by a factor of 2.3-2.8. An additional reduction of a factor of 1.6-1.7 in damage parameters is achieved by recycling the removed tritium as He-3. This results in significant lifetime enhancement of structural materials. Information from tests in fission reactor spectra would be directly relevant in determining the lifetime of the structural material in this He-3-recycled system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sawan, ME (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sawan@engr.wisc.edu OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 561 EP 567 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00104-7 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00104-7 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500071 ER PT J AU Willms, RS Kobayashi, K Iwai, Y Hayashi, T O'hira, S Nishi, M Hyatt, D Carlson, RV AF Willms, RS Kobayashi, K Iwai, Y Hayashi, T O'hira, S Nishi, M Hyatt, D Carlson, RV TI Behavior of tritium in the TSTA test cell combined with operation of the Experimental Tritium Cleanup (ETC) system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE tritium; Experimental Tritium Cleanup system; Tritium System Test Assembly ID SIMULATION; RELEASE; ROOM AB Tritium and deuterium are expected to be the fuel for the first fusion power reactors. Being radioactive, tritium is a health, safety and environment concern. Room air tritium clean systems can be used to handle tritium that has been lost to the room from primary or secondary containment. Such a system called the Experimental Tritium Cleanup (ETC) systems is installed at the Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The ETC consists of (1) two compressors which draw air from the room, (2) a catalyst bed for conversion of tritium to tritiated water, and (3) molecular sieve beds for collection of the water. The exhaust from this system can be returned to the room or vented to the stack. As part of the US-Japan fusion collaboration, on two separate occasions, tritium was released into the 3000 m(3) TSTA test cell, and the ETC was used to handle these releases. Each release consisted of about one Curie of tritium. Tritium concentrations in the room were monitored at numerous locations. Also recorded were the HT and HTO concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the catalyst bed. Tritium surface concentrations in the test cell were measured before and at a series of times after the releases. Surfaces included normal test cell equipment as well as idealized test specimens. The results showed that the tritium became well-mixed in the test cell after about 45 min. When the ETC was turned on, the tritium in the TSTA test cell decreased exponentially as was expected. The test cell air tritium concentration was reduced to below one DAC (derived air concentration) in about 260 min. For the catalyst bed, at startup when the bed was at ambient temperature, there was little conversion of tritium to HTO. However, once the bed warmed to about 420 K, all of the tritium that entered the bed was converted to HTO. Immediately after the experiment, surfaces in the room initially showed moderately elevated tritium concentrations. However, with normal ventilation, these concentrations soon returned to routine levels. The data collected and reported here should be useful for planning for the operation of existing and future tritium facilities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Willms, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM willms@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 575 EP 583 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00292-2 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00292-2 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500073 ER PT J AU Shu, WM Gentile, CA Skinner, CH Langish, S Nishi, MF AF Shu, WM Gentile, CA Skinner, CH Langish, S Nishi, MF TI The effect of oxygen on the release of tritium during baking of TFTR D-T tiles SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE carbon fiber composite; tritium concentration; carbon monoxide ID EROSION BEHAVIOR; CARBON-FILMS; EXPOSURE; GRAPHITE; REMOVAL; LAYER; AIR AB A series of tests involving 10 h baking under the current ITER design conditions (240 degreesC with 933 Pa O(2)) was performed using a cube of a carbon fiber composite tile that had been used in Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) during its deuterium-tritium burning operation. The removal rate of the codeposits was about 3 mum/h near the surface and 0.9 mum/h in the deeper region. Total amount of tritium released from the cube during 10 h baking was 202 MBq, while remaining tritium in the cube after baking was 403 MBq. Thus 10 h baking at 240 degreesC with 933 Pa O(2) removed 1/3 of tritium from the cube. After 10 h baking, the tritium concentration on the cube surface also dropped by about 1/3. In addition, some tritium was released from another cube of the tile during baking at 240 degreesC in pure Ar, and a rapid increase of tritium release was observed when the purging gas was shifted from pure Ar to Ar-1%O(2). When a whole TFTR tile was baked in air at 350 degreesC for 1 h and then at 500 degreesC for 1 h, the ratios of tritium released were 53 and 47%, respectively. Oxygen reacted with carbon to produce carbon monoxide during baking in air. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shu, WM (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM shu@tpl.tokai.jaeri.go.jp NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 599 EP 604 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00101-1 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00101-1 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500076 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Park, JH Lyublinski, I Evtikhin, V Perujo, A Glassbrenner, H Terai, T Zinkle, S AF Smith, DL Park, JH Lyublinski, I Evtikhin, V Perujo, A Glassbrenner, H Terai, T Zinkle, S TI Progress in coating development for fusion systems SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE coatings; liquid lithium blankets; lead-lithium blankets; oxides; nitrides; vanadium alloys; ferritic steels ID HYDROGEN PERMEATION BEHAVIOR; ALUMINIZED MANET STEEL; ITER BREEDING BLANKET; POWER-PLANT; LITHIUM; DESIGN; BARRIER; CORE AB Development of effective and reliable coatings is a key to the viability of most, if not all, fusion blanket systems. The specific purpose and requirements of the coatings vary widely, depending on the blanket concept. The efforts on coating development to date have focused primarily on electrically insulating coatings for the self-cooled lithium concepts with a vanadium alloy structure, and the tritium barrier coatings for the water-cooled, Pb-Li (WCLL) breeder concepts with ferritic steel structures. Although other coating materials are under consideration, most of the effort on the electrically insulating coatings has focused on CaO and AIN coatings on V-4Cr-4Ti alloy structure. Most of the effort on the tritium barrier coating development is focused on Al(2)O(3) coatings formed on aluminized ferritic steels. This paper presents an overview of the status of coating development for the various fusion concepts with emphasis on the materials interaction and chemistry control issues associated with the formation, stability and performance of the coatings. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Enterprise Electrolitnyi Proezd 1a, Moscow 115230, Russia. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dalesmith@anl.gov OI lyublinski, igor/0000-0001-8701-228X; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 629 EP 641 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00291-0 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00291-0 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500080 ER PT J AU Fukada, S Anderl, RA Hatano, Y Schuetz, ST Pawelko, RJ Petti, DA Smolik, GR Terai, T Nishikawa, M Tanaka, S Sagara, A AF Fukada, S Anderl, RA Hatano, Y Schuetz, ST Pawelko, RJ Petti, DA Smolik, GR Terai, T Nishikawa, M Tanaka, S Sagara, A TI Initial studies of tritium behavior in flibe and flibe-facing material SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE Flibe; tritium; permeation; nickel; glassy carbon; hydrocarbon; JUPITER-II; TMAP4 ID RECOVERY; BLANKET AB Flibe-tritium experiment in the Japan-US joint project (JUPITER-II) was initiated in 2001. H/D isotopic exchange experiments were conducted to select a Flibe-facing material. Because of hydrogen isotope interactions with carbon, Ni crucibles were selected for Flibe/tritium behavior experiments. A Flibe-tritium pot with two Ni (or Cu) permeable probes was designed. The rate of the overall tritium permeation through the Flibe-facing Ni or Cu was estimated by numerical simulation using TMAP4 code. Diffusion in bulk Flibe was found to be the rate-determining step for purified Flibe. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyushu Univ, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Toyama Univ, Toyama 9308555, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. RP Fukada, S (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM sfukada@nucl.kyushu-u.ac.jp NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 61-62 BP 783 EP 788 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00204-1 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00204-1 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 630DD UT WOS:000180091500102 ER PT J AU Lyra, AC Fan, XF Lang, DM Yusim, K Ramrakhiani, S Brunt, EM Korber, B Perelson, AS Di Bisceglie, AM AF Lyra, AC Fan, XF Lang, DM Yusim, K Ramrakhiani, S Brunt, EM Korber, B Perelson, AS Di Bisceglie, AM TI Evolution of hepatitis C viral quasispecies after liver transplantation SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; DISEASE; HCV; RECIPIENTS; GENOTYPES; RECURRENT; SEVERITY; TRACKING AB Background & Aims: To determine whether HCV quasispecies diversity correlated positively with liver disease progression after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods: We studied 11 patients undergoing OLT for HCV-related cirrhosis with recurrent hepatitis C in 2 groups according to the stage of hepatic fibrosis on follow-up. The mild group had stage 1 or 2 fibrosis; the severe group, stage 3 or 4 fibrosis. HCV quasispecies diversity was assessed by cloning and sequencing in pretransplantation and posttransplantation serum samples. Results: In the mild fibrosis group, intrasample hypervariable region 1(HVR1) genetic distance and non-synonymous substitutions increased after OLT, whereas in the severe fibrosis group,, these parameters decreased in follow-up. In contrast, intrasample diversity progressed similarly in both groups in the adjacent sequences flanking HVR1. There was an inverse correlation between the stage of hepatic fibrosis and amino acid complexity after OLT. Among all patients, the estimated rate of amino acid change was greater initially and became more constant after 36 months. Conclusions: After OLT, a more complex HCV HVR1 quasispecies population was associated with mild disease recurrence: Among those patients with severe recurrent hepatitis C, HCV appeared to be under greater immune pressure. The greatest change in viral amino acid sequences occurred in the first 36 months after OLT. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis Univ Liver Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Di Bisceglie, AM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 3635 Vista Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK-5643501] NR 29 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1485 EP 1493 DI 10.1053/gast.2002.36546 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 609UN UT WOS:000178923100013 PM 12404223 ER PT J AU Giddings, SB AF Giddings, SB TI Black holes in the lab? SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article DE black holes; extra dimensions ID PARTICLE EMISSION RATES; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; MASSLESS PARTICLES; COLLISIONS; SPEED; LIGHT AB If TeV-scale gravity describes nature, black holes will be produced in particle accelerators, perhaps even with impressive rates at the Large Hadron Collider. Their decays, largely via the Hawking process, will be spectacular. Black holes also would be produced in cosmic ray collisions with our atmosphere, and their showers may be observable. Such a scenario means the end of our quest to understand the world at shorter distances, but may represent the beginning of the exploration of extra dimensions. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM giddings@physics.ucsb.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 EI 1572-9532 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1775 EP 1779 DI 10.1023/A:1020739305635 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 605GL UT WOS:000178669300001 ER PT J AU Wu, CW Chen, GD Fann, CSJ Lee, AFY Chi, CW Liu, JM Weier, U Chen, JY AF Wu, CW Chen, GD Fann, CSJ Lee, AFY Chi, CW Liu, JM Weier, U Chen, JY TI Clinical implications of chromosomal abnormalities in gastric adenocarcinomas SO GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; NERVE SHEATH TUMORS; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION; GENETIC ALTERATIONS; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; C-ERBB-2 PROTEIN; CARCINOMA CELLS; INTESTINAL-TYPE AB Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and has a very poor prognosis. Genetic imbalances in 62 primary gastric adenocarcinomas of various histopathologic types and pathologic stages and six gastric cancer-derived cell lines were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization, and the relationship of genomic abnormalities to clinical features in primary GC was evaluated at a genome-wide level. Eighty-four percent of the tumors and all six cell lines showed DNA copy number changes. The recurrent chromosomal abnormalities including gains at 15 regions and losses at 8 regions were identified. Statistical analyses revealed that gains at 17q24-qter (53%), 20q13-qter (48%), 1p32-p36 (42%), 22q12-qter (27%), 17p13-pter (24%), 16p13-pter (21%), 6p21-pter (19%), 20p12-pter (19%), 7p21-pter (18%), 3q28-qter (8%), and 13q13-q14 (8%), and losses at 18q12-qter (11%), 3p12 (8%), 3p25-pter (8%), 5q14-q23 (8%), and 9p21-p23 (5%), are associated with unique patient or tumor-related features. GCs of differing histopathologic features were shown to be associated with distinct patterns of genetic alterations, supporting the notion that they evolve through distinct genetic pathways. Metastatic tumors were also associated with specific genetic changes. These regions may harbor candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of this malignancy. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Taipei 11217, Taiwan. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Taipei, Taiwan. Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med Res & Educ, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Canc Res, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, JY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, 128 Sect,2 Yen Chiu Yuan Rd, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. NR 53 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1045-2257 J9 GENE CHROMOSOME CANC JI Gene Chromosomes Cancer PD NOV PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1002/gcc.10106 PG 13 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA 598MR UT WOS:000178280500003 PM 12353264 ER PT J AU Dunn, JJ McCorkle, SR Praissman, LA Hind, G van der Lelie, D Bahou, WF Gnatenko, DV Krause, MK AF Dunn, JJ McCorkle, SR Praissman, LA Hind, G van der Lelie, D Bahou, WF Gnatenko, DV Krause, MK TI Genomic signature tags (GSTs): A system for profiling genomic DNA SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; SAGE SERIAL ANALYSIS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE; SEQUENCE; CLONING; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; LIGATION AB Genomic signature tags (GSTs) are the products of a method we have developed for identifying and quantitatively analyzing genomic DNAs. The DNA is initially fragmented with a type 11 restriction enzyme. An oligonucleotide adaptor containing a recognition site for Mmel, a type IIS restriction enzyme, is then used to release 21-bp tags from fixed positions in the DNA relative to the sites recognized by the fragmenting enzyme. These tags are PCR-amplified, purified, concatenated, and then cloned and sequenced. The tag sequences and abundances are used to create a high-resolution GST sequence profile of the genomic DNA. GSTs are shown to be long enough for use as oligonucleotide primers to amplify adjacent segments of the DNA, which can then be sequenced to provide additional nucleotide information or used as probes to identify specific clones in metagenomic libraries. GST analysis of the 4.7-Mb Yersinia pestis EV766 genome using BamHl as the fragmenting enzyme and N/aIII as the tagging enzyme validated the precision Of Our approach. The GST profile predicts that this strain has several changes relative to the archetype CO92 strain, including deletion of a S7-kb region of the chromosome known to be an unstable pathogenicity island. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dunn, JJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1756 EP 1765 DI 10.1101/gr.306102 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 612DB UT WOS:000179058300015 PM 12421763 ER PT J AU Horita, J Zimmermann, H Holland, HD AF Horita, J Zimmermann, H Holland, HD TI Chemical evolution of seawater during the Phanerozoic: Implications from the record of marine evaporites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID PRIMARY FLUID INCLUSIONS; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; POTASH EVAPORITES; CARBONATE MINERALOGY; SECULAR VARIATION; BRINE INCLUSIONS; ICP-MS; HALITE; CHEMISTRY; BASIN AB The chemical evolution of seawater during the Phanerozoic is still a matter of debate. We have assembled and critically analyzed the available data for the composition of fluid inclusions in marine halite and for the mineralogy of marine evaporites. The composition of fluid inclusions in primary marine halite reveals two major long-term cycles in the chemistry of seawater during the past 600 myr. The concentration of Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42- has varied quite dramatically. The Mg2+ concentration in seawater during most of the early Paleozoic and Jurassic to Cretaceous was as low as 30 to 40 mmol/kg H2O; it reached maximum values greater than or equal to50 mmol/kg H2O during the Late Neoproterozoic and Permian. The Ca2+ concentration in seawater during the Phanerozoic has reached maximum values two to three times greater than the concentration in seawater today (10.6 mmol/kg H2O), whereas SO42- concentrations may have been as low as 5 to 10 mmol/kg H2O (a third to a fifth of the modem value) during the Jurassic and Early Paleozoic. The Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio in seawater ranged from 1 to 1.5 during the early to middle Paleozoic and Jurassic-Cretaceous to a near-modern value of 5.2 during the Late Neoproterozoic and Permian. This change in seawater Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio is consistent with the notion of alternating "calcite-aragonite seas" recorded in oolites and marine carbonate cements. Several models have been proposed to explain the chemical evolution of seawater. These have invoked significant changes in one or more of the major geochemical processes that control the composition of seawater. The pattern and magnitude of the variations in the composition of seawater proposed in this study are similar to those proposed elsewhere that suggest that seawater fluxes through midocean ridges have played a major role in the evolution of seawater during the past 600 myr. Two Phanerozoic supercycles of the Earth's exogenic processes were recognized in the literature that are caused by mantle convection and plate activity. The composition of seawater has apparently undergone dramatic secular changes in phase with these supercycles and as a consequence of biological evolution. Analyses of fluid inclusions containing unevaporated seawater and a better understanding of the processes that affect the composition of seawater are needed to refine our understanding of the history of Phanerozoic seawater. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Horita, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 102 TC 322 Z9 340 U1 9 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 21 BP 3733 EP 3756 AR PII S0016-7037(01)00884-5 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00884-5 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 608ZT UT WOS:000178878700006 ER PT J AU Horita, J Cole, DR Polyakov, VB Driesner, T AF Horita, J Cole, DR Polyakov, VB Driesner, T TI Experimental and theoretical study of pressure effects on hydrogen isotope fractionation in the system brucite-water at elevated temperatures SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SALT-SOLUTIONS; THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; LIQUID WATER; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LATTICE-VIBRATIONS; FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION; NACL SOLUTIONS; FLUID H2O; OXYGEN; MINERALS AB A detailed, systematic experimental and theoretical study was conducted to investigate the effect of pressure on equilibrium D/H fractionation between brucite (Mg(OH)(2)) and water at temperatures from 200 to 600degreesC and pressures up to 800 MPa. A fine-grained brucite was isotopically exchanged with excess amounts of water, and equilibrium D/H fractionation factors were calculated by means of the partial isotope exchange method. Our experiments unambiguously demonstrated that the D/H fractionation factor between brucite and water increased by 4.4 to 12.4parts per thousand with increasing pressure to 300 or 800 MPa at all the temperatures investigated. The observed increases are linear with the density of water under experimental conditions. We calculated the pressure effects on the reduced partition function ratios (beta-factor) of brucite (300-800 K and Pless than or equal to800 MPa) and water (400-600degreesC and Pless than or equal to100 MPa), employing a statistical-mechanical method similar to that developed by Kieffer (1982) and a simple thermodynamic method based on the molar volumes of normal and heavy waters, respectively. Our theoretical calculations showed that the reduced partition function ratio of brucite increases linearly with pressure at a given temperature (as much as 12.6parts per thousand at 300 K and 800 MPa). The magnitude of the pressure effects rapidly decreases with increasing temperature. On the other hand, the beta-factor of water decreases 4 to 5parts per thousand with increasing pressure to 100 MPa at 400 to 600degreesC. Overall D/H isotope pressure effects combined from the separate calculations on brucite and water are in excellent agreement with the experimental results under the same temperature-pressure range. Our calculations also suggest that under the current experimental conditions, the magnitude of the isotope pressure effects is much larger on water than brucite. Thus, the observed pressure effects on D/H fractionation are common to other systems involving water. It is very likely that under some geologic conditions, pressure is an important variable in controlling D/H partitioning. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Russian Acad Sci, VI Vernadsky Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow, Russia. ETH Zentrum, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Horita, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Polyakov, Veniamin/N-9747-2015; Driesner, Thomas/N-6361-2016 OI Polyakov, Veniamin/0000-0002-6718-580X; NR 75 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 21 BP 3769 EP 3788 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00887-6 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00887-6 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 608ZT UT WOS:000178878700008 ER PT J AU Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Fein, JB Fowle, DA Boyanov, MI Bunker, BA Yee, N AF Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Fein, JB Fowle, DA Boyanov, MI Bunker, BA Yee, N TI X-ray absorption fine structure determination of pH-dependent U-bacterial cell wall interactions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; STRUCTURE SPECTRA; METAL ADSORPTION; CD ADSORPTION; URANYL-ION; URANIUM; EXAFS AB X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements was used at the U L3-edge to directly determine the pH dependence of the cell wall functional groups responsible for the absorption of aqueous UO22+ to Bacillus subtilis from pH 1.67 to 4.80. Surface complexation modeling can be used to predict metal distributions in water-rock systems, and it has been used to quantify bacterial adsorption of metal cations. However, successful application of these models requires a detailed knowledge not only of the type of bacterial surface site involved in metal adsorption/desorption, but also of the binding geometry. Previous acid-base titrations of B. subtilis cells suggested that three surface functional group types are important on the cell wall; these groups have been postulated to correspond to carboxyl, phosphoryl, and hydroxyl sites. When the U(VI) adsorption to B. subtilis is measured, observed is a significant pH-independent absorption at low pH values (<3.0), ascribed to an interaction between the uranyl cation and a neutrally charged phosphoryl group on the cell wall. The present study provides independent quantitative constraints on the types of sites involved in uranyl binding to B. subtilis from pH 1.67 to 4.80. The XAFS results indicate that at extremely low pH (pH 1.67) UO22+ binds exclusively to phosphoryl functional groups on the cell wall, with an average distance between the U atom and the P atom of 3.64 +/- 0.01 Angstrom. This U-P distance indicates an inner-sphere complex with an oxygen atom shared between the UO22+ and the phosphoryl ligand. The P signal at extremely low pH value is consistent with the UO22+ binding to a protonated phosphoryl group, as previously ascribed. With increasing pH (3.22 and 4.80), UO22+ binds increasingly to bacterial surface carboxyl functional groups, with an average distance between the U atom and the C atom of 2.89 +/- 0.02 Angstrom. This U-C distance indicates an inner-sphere complex with two oxygen atoms shared between the UO22+ and the carboxyl ligand. The results of this XAFS study confirm the uranyl-bacterial surface speciation model. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Kelly, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM skelly@anl.gov RI Fowle, David/B-1074-2008; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 60 TC 158 Z9 159 U1 8 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 BP 3855 EP 3871 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00947-X DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00947-X PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 615AH UT WOS:000179223300001 ER PT J AU Ernstson, K Hiltl, M AF Ernstson, K Hiltl, M TI Cratered cobbles in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates in northeastern Spain: An indicator of shock deformation in the vicinity of large impacts: Reply SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Wurzburg, Fak Geowissensch, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ernstson, K (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Fak Geowissensch, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1051 EP 1052 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1052:>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA 609KH UT WOS:000178902000025 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG Pride, SR Wang, HF AF Berryman, JG Pride, SR Wang, HF TI A differential scheme for elastic properties of rocks with dry or saturated cracks SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE cracks; differential effective medium theory; granite; liquid saturation; rock mechanics; sandstone ID LONG-WAVELENGTH PROPAGATION; PENNY-SHAPED CRACKS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; COMPOSITE; SOLIDS; MEDIA; INCLUSIONS; MODULI; COMPRESSIBILITY; APPROXIMATION AB Differential effective medium (DEM) theory is applied to the problem of estimating the physical properties of elastic media with penny-shaped cracks, filled either with gas or liquid. These cracks are assumed to be randomly oriented. It is known that such a model captures many of the essential physical features of fluid-saturated or partially saturated rocks. By making an assumption that the changes in certain factors depending only on Poisson's ratio do not strongly affect the results, it is possible to decouple the equations for bulk (K) and shear (G) modulus, and then integrate them analytically. The validity of this assumption is then tested by integrating the full DEM equations numerically. The analytical and numerical curves for both K and G are in very good agreement over the whole porosity range. Justification of the Poisson ratio approximation is also provided directly by the theory, which shows that as porosity tends to unity, Poisson's ratio tends towards small positive values for dry, cracked porous media and tends to one-half for liquid-saturated samples. A rigorous stable fixed-point is obtained for Poisson's ratio, nu(c), of dry porous media, where the location of this fixed-point depends only on the shape of the voids being added. Fixed-points occur at nu(c) = 1/5 for spheres and nu(c) similar or equal to pialpha/18 for cracks, where alpha is the aspect ratio of penny-shaped cracks. These theoretical results for the elastic constants are then compared and contrasted with results predicted by Gassmann's equations and with results of Mavko and Jizba, for both granite-like and sandstone-like examples. Gassmann's equations do not predict the observed liquid dependence of the shear modulus G at all. Mavko and Jizba predict the observed dependence of the shear modulus on the liquid bulk modulus for a small crack porosity and a very small aspect ratio, but fail to predict the observed behaviour at higher porosities. In contrast, the analytical approximations derived here give very satisfactory agreement in all cases for both K and G. For practical applications of this work, it appears that the ratio of compliance differences is approximately independent of the crack porosity for a given rock, but the constant is usually greater than 4/15 for granites, while general statements concerning sandstones are more difficult to make. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 61 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 151 IS 2 BP 597 EP 611 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01801.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 604HM UT WOS:000178611800022 ER PT J AU Fomel, S Berryman, JG Clapp, RG Prucha, M AF Fomel, S Berryman, JG Clapp, RG Prucha, M TI Iterative resolution estimation in least-squares Kirchhoff migration SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article ID PRESTACK DEPTH-MIGRATION; TOMOGRAPHY; EQUATIONS; LSQR AB We apply iterative resolution estimation to least-squares Kirchhoff migration. Reviewing the theory of iterative optimization uncovers the common origin of different optimization method. This allows us to reformulate the pseudo-inverse, model resolution and data resolution operators in terms of effective iterative estimates. When applied to Kirchhoff migration, plots of the diagonal of the model resolution matrix reveal low illumination areas on seismic images and provide information about image uncertainties. Synthetic and real data examples illustrate the proposed technique and confirm the theoretical expectations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford Explorat Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Fomel, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Univ Stn,Box X, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008; Fomel, Sergey/A-3100-2009 OI Fomel, Sergey/0000-0002-9024-5137 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 577 EP 588 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2478.2002.00341.x PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 615UZ UT WOS:000179266500003 ER PT J AU Kaiser, DP Qian, Y AF Kaiser, DP Qian, Y TI Decreasing trends in sunshine duration over China for 1954-1998: Indication of increased haze pollution? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; MAXIMUM; CLIMATE; ASIA AB Analysis of meteorological data made available by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) reveals significant decreases in sunshine duration over the latter half of the 20th century over much of China, especially in the eastern half of the country. Most of the decrease has occurred since about 1980, and appears to be related to large increases in atmospheric anthropogenic aerosol loading that have increased the aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC), as calculated from observations of (decreasing) visual range. A finding of particular interest is a significant decrease in summertime maximum temperature over this time period for a large portion of southeastern China near the Sichuan Basin (while the rest of China- and indeed most of the northern hemisphere-has warmed). This same region of southeastern China shows the largest decreases in sunshine duration and largest increases in AEC. The consistent spatial and temporal patterns of change in these variables seem to support the theory that aerosol loading has decreased the duration and intensity of sunshine in this region and thus lowered summertime maximum temperatures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Kaiser, DP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 23 TC 128 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 21 AR 2042 DI 10.1029/2002GL016057 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 639DG UT WOS:000180611900037 ER PT J AU Fomel, S AF Fomel, S TI Applications of plane-wave destruction filters SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMBLANCE AB Plane-wave destruction filters originate from a local plane-wave model for characterizing seismic data. These filters can be thought of as a time-distance (T-X) analog of frequency-distance (F-X) prediction-error filters and as an alternative to T-X prediction-error filters. The filters are constructed with the help of an implicit finite-difference scheme for the local plane-wave equation. Several synthetic and real data examples show that finite-difference plane-wave destruction filters perform well in applications such as fault detection, data interpolation, and noise attenuation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fomel, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Univ Stn,Box X, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RI Fomel, Sergey/A-3100-2009 OI Fomel, Sergey/0000-0002-9024-5137 NR 32 TC 146 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1946 EP 1960 DI 10.1190/1.1527095 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 625XC UT WOS:000179840000026 ER PT J AU Potter, CA AF Potter, CA TI Intake retention fractions developed from models used in the determination of dose coefficients developed for ICRP publication 68 - Particulate inhalation SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ICRP; biokinetics; inhalation; intake; radionuclide AB ICRP Publication 68 presents dose coefficients developed using systems of new models for the respiratory tract and metabolism of certain elements. The utility of these dose coefficients and associated models is limited without a method for calculating intake from bioassay results using the same models as in that publication. The calculation of a radionuclide intake requires values. of expected fractions of the intake in bioassay samples collected at specific times after intake. The general system of models has been solved using a commercial software package and a method for solution of systems of first-order linear differential equations that uses eigenvectors and eigenvalues derived from the system of equations. The result of this work is a series of tables of fractions of acute inhalation intakes for different bioassay methods, times, and compound classes for intakes for those elements listed in ICRP Publication 68. The values in these tables can be used for intake calculations, development of bioassay frequencies, and development of action levels. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Potter, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM capotte@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 83 IS 5 BP 594 EP 789 DI 10.1097/00004032-200211000-00002 PG 196 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 616ZM UT WOS:000179334000002 PM 12455949 ER PT J AU Heo, YR Claycombe, K Jones, BH Wright, P Truett, GE Zemel, M Banz, W Maher, M Moustaid-Moussa, N AF Heo, YR Claycombe, K Jones, BH Wright, P Truett, GE Zemel, M Banz, W Maher, M Moustaid-Moussa, N TI Effects of fatty (fa) allele and high-fat diet on adipose tissue leptin and lipid metabolism SO HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE obesity; fatty acid synthase; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; lipogenic enzyme ID HETEROZYGOUS FA/FA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ZUCKER RATS; OBESE GENE; RECEPTOR; FORM; CLONING; WEIGHT; BRAIN AB Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone that binds hypothalamic receptors and potently decreases food intake. Leptin receptor defects in homozygous mutant Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats lead to massive obesity, hyperphagia, decreased energy expenditure, and insulin resistance, while the phenotype of heterozygous (Fa/fa) lean rats lies between lean (Fa/fa) and obese (fa/fa) rats. whether heterezygotes exhibit specific changes in lipid metabolism in a diet-responsive manner is not clear. Thus, the specific aim of this study was to test whether the presence of one fa allele modulates lipid metabolism and leptin, and whether these effects are exacerbated by high-fat diet. We demonstrate that the presence of one fa allele significantly increases lipogenesis in adipose tissue assessed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activities. FAS is more responsive to high-fat diets than GPDH in Fa/fa rats. Adipose tissue leptin levels are significantly higher in fat pads of Fa/fa compared to Fa/Fa rats. Moreover, Fa/fa rats fed high-fat diet show an additional two-fold increase in leptin levels compared to wild type rats on the same diet. Collectively, these results indicate that the presence of one fa allele increase adipocyte lipogenic enzyme activities, which results in hyperleptinemia concurrent with increased adiposity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Moustaid-Moussa, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, 229 Jessie Harris Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0018-5043 J9 HORM METAB RES JI Horm. Metab. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 686 EP 690 DI 10.1055/s-2002-38264 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 662CP UT WOS:000181928800016 PM 12660883 ER PT J AU Kim, S Urs, S Massiera, F Wortman, P Joshi, R Heo, YR Andersen, B Kobayashi, H Teboul, M Aihaud, G Quignard-Boulange, A Fukamizu, A Jones, BH Kim, JH Moustaid-Moussal, N AF Kim, S Urs, S Massiera, F Wortman, P Joshi, R Heo, YR Andersen, B Kobayashi, H Teboul, M Aihaud, G Quignard-Boulange, A Fukamizu, A Jones, BH Kim, JH Moustaid-Moussal, N TI Effects of high-fat diet, angiotensinogen (agt) gene inactivation, and targeted expression to adipose tissue on lipid metabolism and renal gene expression SO HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE angiotensin II; adipocyte kidney; microarray; gene expression; leptin; insulin ID BARTTERS-SYNDROME; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HUMAN PREADIPOCYTES; DEFICIENT MICE; II RECEPTORS; BODY-WEIGHT; MUTATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; ADIPOCYTE; LEPTIN AB To address the role of angiotensinogen (agt) in lipid metabolism and its potential endocrine effects in vivo, we studied the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on adult, 28-week-old agt knockout (KO) mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. Recent studies (Massiera et al., 2001) have demonstrated that reexpression of agt in adipose tissue of KO mice normalized adiposity, blood pressure, and kidney abnormalities. We therefore used microarray analysis to investigate changes in gene expression profile in kidneys of KO vs. Tg-KO mice, where agt expression is restricted to adipose tissue. Body weight, adiposity and insulin levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in KO mice on a chow diet (CD) compared to WT mice, while circulating leptin levels were similar. On a high-fat diet, KO mice exhibited significantly lower bodyweight (p < 0.05), adiposity (p < 0.05), leptin, and insulin levels (p < 0.05) compared to WT mice. In agreement with previously reported changes in kidney histology, agt KO mice displayed altered expressions of genes involved in blood pressure regulation and renal function, but these levels were corrected by reexpression of agt in adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings further document important endocrine roles of adipocyte agt, in part via regulation of lipid metabolism and kidney homeostasis. C1 Univ Tennessee, Nutr Dept & Agr, Expt Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. CNRS 6543, Ctr Biochim, Nice, France. INSERM, U 465, Paris, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Moustaid-Moussal, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Nutr Dept & Agr, Expt Stn, 229 Jessie Harris Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM moustaid@utk.edu RI Fukamizu, Akiyoshi/J-5350-2012 OI Fukamizu, Akiyoshi/0000-0002-8786-6020 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0018-5043 J9 HORM METAB RES JI Horm. Metab. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 721 EP 725 DI 10.1055/s-2002-38263 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 662CP UT WOS:000181928800022 PM 12660889 ER PT J AU Marchis, F de Pater, I Davies, AG Roe, HG Fusco, T Le Mignant, D Descamps, P Macintosh, BA Prange, R AF Marchis, F de Pater, I Davies, AG Roe, HG Fusco, T Le Mignant, D Descamps, P Macintosh, BA Prange, R TI High-resolution Keck adaptive optics imaging of violent volcanic activity on Io SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; volcanism; infrared observations ID SILICATE VOLCANISM; THERMAL EMISSION; II-TELESCOPE; GALILEO; IMAGES; TEMPERATURE; NIMS; DECONVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; SSI AB Io, the innermost Galilean satellite of Jupiter, is a fascinating world. Data taken by Voyager and Galileo instruments have established that it is by far the most volcanic body in the Solar System and suggest that the nature of this volcanism could radically differ from volcanism. on Earth. We report on near-IR observations taken in February 2001 from the Earth-based 10-m W M. Keck 11 telescope using its adaptive optics system. After application of an appropriate deconvolution technique (MISTRAL), the resolution, similar to100 km on Io's disk, compares well with the best Galileo/NIMS resolution for global imaging and allows us for the first time to investigate the very nature of individual eruptions. On 19 February, we detected two volcanoes, Amirani and Tvashtar, with temperatures differing from the Galileo observations. On 20 February, we noticed a slight brightening near the Surt volcano. Two days later it had turned into an extremely bright volcanic outburst. The hot spot temperatures (> 1400 K) are consistent with a basaltic eruption and, being lower limits, do not exclude an ultramafic eruption. These outburst data have been fitted with a silicate-cooling model, which indicates that this is a highly vigorous eruption with a highly dynamic emplacement mechanism, akin to fire-fountaining. Its integrated thermal output was close to the total estimated output of Io, making this the largest ionian thermal outburst yet witnessed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Observ Paris, UMR CNRS 8028, Inst Mecan Celeste & Calcul Ephemerides, F-75014 Paris, France. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, DOTAE, F-92322 Chatillon, France. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Marchis, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Marchis, Franck/H-3971-2012 NR 35 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV PY 2002 VL 160 IS 1 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1006/icar.2002.6955 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 617MF UT WOS:000179364900013 ER PT J AU Khare, BN Bakes, ELO Imanaka, H McKay, CP Cruikshank, DP Arakawa, ET AF Khare, BN Bakes, ELO Imanaka, H McKay, CP Cruikshank, DP Arakawa, ET TI Analysis of the time-dependent chemical evolution of Titan haze tholin SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; tholins; stratospheric chemistry; aromatics; amines; alkanes; hydrocarbons; aerosols ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOLS; EMISSION; SYSTEM AB Haze particles exert a significant influence over the thermodynamics and radiation absorption properties of the Titan haze, as well as its complex organic chemistry. Characterization of both the molecular and the submicrometer components of the haze is therefore vital for understanding the global properties of Titan. We have carried out a Titan tholin synthesis experiment and measured the time variation of the infrared spectrum of the product as a thin film developed. Also, to examine the possibility of oxygen contamination, we compared the infrared spectrum of the tholin film with that of a tholin film exposed to dry air and laboratory air. The objective of this study is to understand the chemical processes related to how simple organic molecules are processed into more complex haze particles. The progressive development of features characteristic of amines, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and nitriles in the experimental mixture is clear. Of particular interest is the formation of aromatic rings after only a few seconds of glow discharge, indicating that these compounds appear to be intermediates between simple haze molecules and microphysical aerosols. The early dominance of aromatic ring structures is accompanied during the later stages of the experiment by the appearance of nitrile and amine compounds. This time-dependent succession of chemical structures provides vital clues to the possible chemical formation pathways of Titan haze aerosols. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Khare, BN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Imanaka, Hiroshi/E-7816-2012 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV PY 2002 VL 160 IS 1 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1006/icar.2002.6899 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 617MF UT WOS:000179364900016 ER PT J AU Crossno, P Rogers, DH AF Crossno, P Rogers, DH TI Visual debugging SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pjcross@sandia.gov; dhroger@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 6 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1109/MCG.2002.1046622 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 608KJ UT WOS:000178844800003 ER PT J AU Thomas, JJ AF Thomas, JJ TI Changing of the guard SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 6 BP COVER2 EP COVER2 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 608KJ UT WOS:000178844800001 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Chrostowski, L Chang-Hasnain, CJ Chow, WW AF Chang, CH Chrostowski, L Chang-Hasnain, CJ Chow, WW TI Study of long-wavelength VCSEL-VCSEL injection locking for 2.5-Gb/s transmission SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chirp reduction; injection locking; VCSEL transmission ID MODULATION BANDWIDTH; LIGHT INJECTION; LASERS AB We demonstrate an improvement in transmission performance when an L-band VCSEL, directly modulated at 2.5 Gb/s, is injection-locked by relatively low injected optical power from another VCSEL. The improvement is attributed to a reduction in chirp. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chrostowski, Lukas/B-5014-2011 NR 5 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1635 EP 1637 DI 10.1109/LPT.2002.803903 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 608LE UT WOS:000178847200049 ER PT J AU Dudley, DG Johnson, WA AF Dudley, DG Johnson, WA TI Comments on "Spheroidal vector wave eigenfunction expansion of dyadic Green's functions for a dielectric spheroid" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet & Plasma Phys Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dudley, DG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1653 EP 1653 DI 10.1109/TAP.2002.804025 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 639MY UT WOS:000180634400020 ER PT J AU Myers, DR Sumpter, CW Walsh, ST Kirchhoff, BA AF Myers, DR Sumpter, CW Walsh, ST Kirchhoff, BA TI A practitioner's view: Evolutionary stages of disruptive technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have seen that disruptive technologies when successful evolve into three distinct stages. Each stage is characterized by a distinct market size and level of infrastructure. Each stage elicits specific behavioral responses. Stage I is achieved when the proposed concept is demonstrated. At this point, the technology has not found a market and essentially none of the required infrastructure exists. In Stage 2, the emergent technology establishes a specific application for a limited market, which enables the development and maturation of a limited infrastructure. Stage 3 is achieved when the technology achieves widespread application in the solution set for product developers. Experience suggests that Stage 2 is achieved only when the disruptive technology can provide a unique solution to a problem of substantial importance. However, to expand to the commercial maturity accomplished in Stage 3, the emergent technology must either continue to find important but unresolved problems or alternatively must compete for differential advantage against the defensive innovations of established technologies in the targeted application areas. "True believers" who are committed to the emergent technology sustain Stage 1 and Stage 2 activities. Finally, the authors note the importance of targeting the correct application area to evolve the technology from Stage 2 to Stage 3 behavior. The evolution from Stage 2 to Stage 3 can be considered a coupled system as the emergent technology encounters feedback from the marketplace and competition from established technologies. These factors introduce nonlinearities in the system, making the application of traditional linear technology forecasting techniques problematic for emergent technologies. The authors provide anecdotal evidence in the form of a case study centered on ion implantation, a disruptive technological step in a sustaining technology platform. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Sci Technol & Components Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Anderson Sch, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Sci Technol & Components Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 322 EP 329 DI 10.1109/TEM.2002.807295 PG 8 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 643MW UT WOS:000180865900003 ER PT J AU Kassicieh, SK Walsh, ST Cummings, JC McWhorter, PJ Romig, AD Williams, WD AF Kassicieh, SK Walsh, ST Cummings, JC McWhorter, PJ Romig, AD Williams, WD TI Factors differentiating the commercialization of disruptive and sustaining technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disruptive technology; technology commercialization; technology management factor analysis ID DISCONTINUOUS INNOVATION; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AB The nature of disruptive and sustaining technologies is sufficiently different to require different activities for the commercialization of these technology categories. Few theorists have developed conceptual schemes about the different methods of commercializing these technologies. The authors take the first steps in investigating these differences by contrasting firms that commercialize disruptive technologies with those that commercialize sustaining technologies. They reveal major differences and analyze these in terms of four major commercialization components: product realization, revenue generation, research support, and market potential. Several hypotheses regarding size of the firm, its financial risk profile, and its R&D strategy are utilized. C1 Univ New Mexico, Anderson Sch Management, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kassicieh, SK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Anderson Sch Management, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 39 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.1109/TEM.2002.807293 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 643MW UT WOS:000180865900008 ER PT J AU Guttromson, RT AF Guttromson, RT TI Modeling distributed energy resource dynamics on the transmission system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE distributed energy resources; distributed generation; dynamic performance; small-signal stability; transient stability AB As distributed energy resource (DER) projects grow in popularity, there has been little focus on their potential to influence the dynamic stability of a transmission system. If implemented in large enough numbers, DER equipment may feasibly be leveraged to provide ancillary services such as spinning reserve, system inertia, or system stabilization. To determine the potential impacts of DER on future transmission grid stability, dynamic models of DER load combinations were created, reduced in order, and scattered throughout Central and Southern California within an existing Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC) dynamic model. Evaluation of the composite WSCC-DER dynamic model allows correlations to be drawn between various DER properties and the transmission grid stability. Key findings show that increasing DER inertia tends to destabilize the transmission system. The cause of this counterintuitive relationship requires further study but likely is related to the high impedance separating the DER from the transmission grid. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Guttromson, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1148 EP 1153 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2002.804957 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 628GW UT WOS:000179985800030 ER PT J AU Weber, C Sankaran, V Tobin, KW Scher, G AF Weber, C Sankaran, V Tobin, KW Scher, G TI Quantifying the value of ownership of yield analysis technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Semiconductor Manfacturing Conference (ASMC) CY 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP IEEE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, MICRO Magazine DE analysis; information theory; learning; management; ownership; value; yield ID MANAGEMENT; INDUSTRY AB A model based on information theory, which allows yield managers to determine optimal portfolio of yield analysis technologies for both the R&D and volume production environments, is presented. The information extraction per experimentation cycle and information extraction per unit,time serve as benchmarking metrics for yield learning. They enable yield managers to make objective comparisons of apparently unrelated technologies. Combinations of four yield analysis tools-electrical testing, automatic defect classification, spatial signature analysis and wafer position analysis-are examined in detail to determine the relative value of ownership of different yield analysis technologies. C1 MIT, Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Inventes Corp, Austin, TX 78735 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sleuthworks Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Weber, C (reprint author), MIT, Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0894-6507 J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1109/TMC.2002.804876 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 628NK UT WOS:000180002200006 ER PT J AU Bie, LJ Lin, JH Wang, YX Loong, CK AF Bie, LJ Lin, JH Wang, YX Loong, CK TI n=2 Member of the hexagonal perovskite-intergrowth manganate family A(n+1) MnnO3n+3(Ca2O) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hexagonal-perovskite intergrowth manganate; solid state ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES AB The n = 2 member in hexagonal perovskite manganate family A(n+1)Mn(n)O(3n+3)(Ca2O) was obtained in a complex composition La2Ba0.8Sr0.6Ca1.6Mn2O10, but simple hexagonal structure. It crystallizes in the hexagonal P6(3)/mmc space group [a = 5.63591(5) Angstrom, c = 16.2843(3) Angstrom, V = 447.948(9) Angstrom(3); Z = 2] and consists of double hexagonal perovskite layers (2H-type) and graphite-like [Ca2O] layer. The manganese octahedra share faces resulting in localized magnetic property. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Beijing Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, JH (reprint author), Beijing Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 5 IS 11 BP 966 EP 970 AR PII S1387-7003(02)00619-6 DI 10.1016/S1387-7003(02)00619-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 610GU UT WOS:000178953000013 ER PT J AU Stishov, SM AF Stishov, SM TI A reliable valve for application in high-pressure hydrostatic installations SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB A design of a high-pressure check valve operating in a liquid or gas at pressures of up to 15 kbar is described. C1 Vereshchagin Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stishov, SM (reprint author), Vereshchagin Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Oblast, Russia. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 45 IS 6 BP 846 EP 847 DI 10.1023/A:1021459928625 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 634GP UT WOS:000180331900025 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Shen, TD Schwarz, RB AF Miller, MK Shen, TD Schwarz, RB TI Atom probe tomography study of the decomposition of a bulk metallic glass SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE glasses; metallic ID NI; PD; SYSTEM; STABILITY AB The microstructural evolution of a Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass that was isothermally annealed at 260 degreesC for 14 h, and then aged at 340 degreesC for times up to 1280 min has been studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of the aged samples show an endothermic peak at approximately 370 degreesC in addition to the ubiquitous glass transition. The endothermic peak appears after 20 min aging and disappears after 320 min aging. The corresponding X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show no Bragg peaks that could indicate the formation of a crystalline phase. Near-atomic-resolution atom probe tomography (APT) was used to study changes in the atomic spatial distributions as a function of aging time. The chemical environment around each of the atomic species, and the tendencies for solute clustering and chemical short range ordering, were determined from statistical analysis of the APT data. Clustering and possible phase separation are identified by APT after only 20 min aging at 340 degreesC, which correlates with the appearance of the peak in the DSC signal. Crystallization is apparent in the APT and XRD data after aging for 320 min. The study suggests that the amorphous Pd40Ni40P20 annealed at a temperature 40 PC above T-g phase separates into two or more amorphous phases. The endothermic peak in the DSC trace is produced by the dissolution of the phase separation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Struct Properties Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1047 EP 1052 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00153-X DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00153-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100002 ER PT J AU Mukai, T Nieh, TG Kawamura, Y Inoue, A Higashi, K AF Mukai, T Nieh, TG Kawamura, Y Inoue, A Higashi, K TI Effect of strain rate on compressive behavior of a Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE fracture stress; mechanical properties at ambient temperature ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FRACTURE; FLOW; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS AB Mechanical deformation of Pd40Ni40P20 was characterized in compression over a wide strain rate range (3.3 x 10(-5) to 2 x 10(3) s(-1)) at room temperature. The compression sample fractured with a shear plane inclined similar to42 degree with respect to the loading axis, in contrast to similar to56 degree for the case of tension. This suggests the yielding of the material deviates from the classical von Mises yield criterion, but follows the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. Fracture stress as well as strain was found to decrease with increasing applied strain rate. The compressive stress (similar to1.74 GPa) was also found to be higher than the tensile fracture stress at a quasi-static strain rate. Close examination of the stress-strain curves revealed that localized shear might have occurred at a compressive stress of about similar to1.4 GPa, much lower than the "apparent" yield stress of 1.74 GPa. However, the stress of 1.4 GPa for shear band initiation is almost the same as the fracture stress measured at a dynamic strain rate of 5 x 10(2) s(-1). These results suggested that the fracture of a bulk metallic glass is sensitive to the applied loading rate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Municipal Tech Res Inst, Joto Ku, Osaka 5368553, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Kumamoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Univ Osaka Prefecture, Coll Engn, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Mukai, T (reprint author), Osaka Municipal Tech Res Inst, Joto Ku, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Osaka 5368553, Japan. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; Mukai, Toshiji/F-9570-2014; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015; Totsukawa, Nobuhisa/D-2028-2017 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; Mukai, Toshiji/0000-0002-9628-5762; NR 23 TC 199 Z9 208 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1071 EP 1077 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00137-1 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00137-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100006 ER PT J AU Liu, CT Chisholm, MF Miller, MK AF Liu, CT Chisholm, MF Miller, MK TI Oxygen impurity and microalloying effect in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass alloy SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE glasses, metallic; mechanical properties at ambient temperatures; phase interface; atom microprobe; electron microscopy, scanning ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; PHASE-FORMATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; STABILIZATION; NI3AL AB A Zr-base bulk metallic glass (BMG) alloy with the base composition Zr-10 at. %Al-5% Ti-17.9% Cu-14.6% Ni (BAM-11) was used to study the effects of oxygen impurities and microalloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Oxygen impurity at a level of 3000 appm dramatically reduced the glass forming ability and embrittled BAM-11 at room temperature. The embrittlernent was due to the formation of oxygen-induced Zr4Ni2O nuclei that triggered near complete crystallization of the metallic glass. Microalloying with 0.1 at.%B + 0.2%Si + 0.1%Pb was effective in suppressing the crystalline phase formation and alleviating the detrimental effect of oxygen. Microstructural analyses indicate that the beneficial effect of the optimum dopants was mainly due to stabilization of the glass-phase matrix even though it contained high levels of oxygen. Thus, microalloying is effective in reducing the production cost and is very useful for manufacturing good-quality Zr-based BMGs from impure charge materials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 19 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1105 EP 1112 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00131-0 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00131-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100010 ER PT J AU Peter, WH Liaw, PK Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Brooks, CR Horton, JA Carmichael, CA Wright, JL AF Peter, WH Liaw, PK Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Brooks, CR Horton, JA Carmichael, CA Wright, JL TI Fatigue behavior of Zr52.5Al10Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6 bulk metallic glass SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE glasses, metallic; fatigue ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS METAL; ALLOYS AB In the present study, fatigue tests were conducted on a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass (BMG), BMG-11 (Zr-10A1-5Ti-17.9Cu-14.6Ni, atomic percent), in air and vacuum to elucidate the possible environmental effects. In air, the fatigue endurance limit and the fatigue ratio were found to be 907 MPa and 0.53, respectively. These values are better than many conventional high-strength crystalline alloys. Unexpectedly, the fatigue lifetimes in vacuum were found to be lower than in air. Additional testing indicated that dissociation of residual water vapor to atomic hydrogen in the vacuum via a hot-tungsten-filament ionization gauge, and subsequent hydrogen embrittlement of the BMG-11, could have been a factor causing the lower fatigue lifetimes observed in vacuum. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buchanan, RA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 19 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1125 EP 1129 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00152-8 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00152-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100012 ER PT J AU Peter, WH Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Liaw, PK Morrison, ML Horton, JA Carmichael, CA Wright, JL AF Peter, WH Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Liaw, PK Morrison, ML Horton, JA Carmichael, CA Wright, JL TI Localized corrosion behavior of a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass relative to its crystalline state SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE corrosion; glasses, metallic ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALLOYS AB To date, few detailed corrosion studies of the new bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been presented. In the present work, the aqueous electrochemical corrosion properties of BMG-11, 52.5Zr-17.9Cu-14.6Ni-5.0Ti-10.0Al (atomic percent), were investigated. Cyclic-anodic-polarization tests were conducted on amorphous and crystalline specimens in a 0.6 M NaCl solution (simulated seawater) and on amorphous specimens in a 0.05 M Na2SO4 solution (simulated moisture condensation, as related to ongoing fatigue experiments in humid air), all at room temperature. In the NaCl solution, both amorphous and crystalline materials were found to exhibit passive behavior with low corrosion rates (15 mum/year or less). However, susceptibilities to pitting corrosion were observed. The amorphous material was found to be more resistant to the onset of pitting corrosion under natural corrosion conditions. In the 0.05 M Na2SO4 solution, the amorphous BMG-11 was found to exhibit passive behavior with a very low corrosion rate (0.4 mum/year), and to be immune to pitting corrosion. Furthermore, when the protective passive film was removed by scratching with a diamond stylus, it was found to quickly reform. This result suggested that a corrosion influence on the fatigue properties of BMG-11 in humid air would be minimal. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buchanan, RA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932; Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 14 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 7 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1157 EP 1162 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00130-9 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00130-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100016 ER PT J AU Hufnagel, TC Fan, C Ott, RT Li, J Brennan, S AF Hufnagel, TC Fan, C Ott, RT Li, J Brennan, S TI Controlling shear band behavior in metallic glasses through microstructural design SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE composites; glasses, metallic ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; FLOW AB Plastic deformation in metallic glasses is governed by the initiation and propagation of shear bands. The successful use of bulk metallic glasses in structural applications will depend on controlling these processes to improve ductility and toughness. In Zr-Cu-Ni-Al metallic glasses, the addition of Ta can influence the structure of the material and hence the shear band behavior in two ways. At low Ta contents (<4 at.%), the material is amorphous but has enhanced order over length scales of 5-15 Angstrom Higher levels of Ta result in the precipitation of bcc Ta-rich solid solution particles in a metallic glass matrix. Under uniaxial compression, both of these materials show greater apparent plastic strain to failure than the glass without Ta. This appears to be the result of the influence of the structure on the initiation and propagation of shear bands in the amorphous matrix. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hufnagel, TC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Hufnagel, Todd/A-3309-2010 OI Hufnagel, Todd/0000-0002-6373-9377 NR 18 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1163 EP 1166 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00157-7 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00157-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100017 ER PT J AU Nieh, TG Schuh, C Wadsworth, J Li, Y AF Nieh, TG Schuh, C Wadsworth, J Li, Y TI Strain rate-dependent deformation in bulk metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE glasses, metallic; electron microscopy ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-FLOW; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; PHASE; NANOINDENTATION; COMPOSITE AB Metallic glasses have metastable structures. As a result, their plastic deformation is dependent upon structural dynamics. In the present paper, we present data obtained from Zr-base and La-base metallic glasses and discuss the kinetic aspects of plastic deformation, including both homogeneous and heterogeneous deformation. In the case of homogeneous deformation (typically occurring in the supercooled liquid region), Newtonian behavior is not universally observed and usually takes place only at low strain rates. At high strain rates, non-Newtonian behavior is usually observed. It is demonstrated that this non-Newtonian behavior is associated with in situ crystallization of the amorphous structure. In the case of heterogeneous deformation (occurring at room temperature), deformation is controlled by localized shear banding. The plastic deformation of a La-base metallic glass is also investigated using instrumented nanoindentation experiments over a broad range of indentation strain rates. At low rates, the load-displacement curves during indentation exhibit numerous serrations or pop-ins, but these serrations become less prominent as the indentation rate is increased. Using the tip velocity during pop-in as a gauge of serration activity, we find that serrated flow is only significant at indentation strain rates below a certain critical value. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-350,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nieh1@llnl.gov RI Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009; Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 29 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1177 EP 1182 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00146-2 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00146-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100019 ER PT J AU Chu, JP Chiang, CL Nieh, TG Kawamura, Y AF Chu, JP Chiang, CL Nieh, TG Kawamura, Y TI Superplasticity in a bulk amorphous Pd-40Ni-20P alloy: a compression study SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE glasses, metallic; superplastic behaviour; mechanical properties at high temperatures; phase transformations; thermal stability ID METALLIC-GLASS AB Compressive deformation behavior of a cast Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass in the supercooled liquid region (589-670 K) was investigated at strain rates ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-2) s(-1). The material exhibited excellent mechanical formability in the supercooled liquid region. However, in contrast to a Newtonian behavior generally observed in oxide glasses, the present alloy also showed a non-Newtonian behavior, depending upon the temperature and applied strain rate. Specifically, the alloy is like a Newtonian fluid at high temperatures, but becomes non-Newtonian at low temperatures and high strain rates. Structures of the amorphous material, both before and after deformation, were examined using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The non-Newtonian behavior is proposed to be associated with the glass instability during deformation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung, Taiwan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Kumamoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Kumamoto, Japan. RP Chu, JP (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung, Taiwan. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 6 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1191 EP 1195 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00132-2 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00132-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100021 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Rozhkova, E Besser, MF Kramer, MJ AF Sordelet, DJ Rozhkova, E Besser, MF Kramer, MJ TI Formation of quasicrystals in Zr-Pd-(Cu) melt spun ribbons and mechanically milled powders SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE nanostructured intermetallics; phase transformation; mechanical alloying and milling; rapid solidification processing; diffraction ID BINARY GLASSY ALLOY; QUASI-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; NI-AL ALLOYS; ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE; METALLIC-GLASS; BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN; FE; PD AB Amorphous Zr70Pd30 and Zr70Pd20Cu10 alloys were prepared by mechanical milling and melt spinnng to compare their devitrification behaviors. The devitrification of mechanically milled Zr70Pd30 and Zr70Pd20Cu10 powders occurs via a single-step, first-order transformation to a stable Zr2Pd tetragonal structure. This is in sharp contrast to the devitrification of the same amorphous alloys prepared by melt spinning, in which a primary meta-stable quasicrystalline phase forms. Since the mechanical milling process does not involve direct liquid phase formation of an amorphous structure, it is inferred that the short-range order in the solid state derived amorphous powder is different from that in the melt spun ribbon. During mechanical milling of an amorphous melt spun ribbon, crystallization of the quasicrystalline phase appears to precede disordering into an amorphous structure having an different short range order. Deformation of an amorphous melt spun ribbon by repetitive rolling at ambient temperature crystallizes the meta-stable quasicrystalline phase. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1233 EP 1240 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00138-3 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00138-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100027 ER PT J AU Kai, W Hsieh, HH Nieh, TG Kawamura, Y AF Kai, W Hsieh, HH Nieh, TG Kawamura, Y TI Oxidation behavior of a Zr-Cu-Al-Ni amorphous alloy in air at 300-425 degrees C SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL CHILUNG, TAIWAN DE oxidation; diffusion ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; STABILITY; GLASS AB The oxidation behavior of Zr-30Cu-10Al-5Ni bulk metallic glass and its crystalline counterpart was studied over the temperature range of 300-425 degreesC in dry air. In general, the oxidation kinetics of both amorphous and crystalline alloys followed a two- or three-stage parabolic rate law at T greater than or equal to 350 degreesC, while at 300 degreesC the amorphous alloy oxidized following a linear behavior. The oxidation rate constants for the amorphous alloy are slightly higher than those for the crystalline alloy at 350-400 degreesC. The scale formed on the amorphous alloy consists of mainly tetragonal-ZrO2 at 300 degreesC, while a mixture of monoclinic-ZrO2 (m-ZrO2) and tetragonal-ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) and some CuO were detected at higher temperatures. The scale formed on the crystalline alloy, on the other hand, consists of mainly Al2O3, some tetragonal-ZrO2, and a slight amount of monoclinic-ZrO2 at 300 degreesC. At higher temperatures, the crystalline alloy consists of mainly monoclinic-ZrO2, some CuO and Cu2O, and limited tetragonal-ZrO2. It is suggested that the formation of Al2O3 (at 300 degreesC) and CuO/Cu2O (at 350-400 degreesC) on the crystalline alloy is responsible for the reduced oxidation rates as compared with those of amorphous alloy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kumamoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kawamura, Y (reprint author), Kumamoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 15 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 11-12 BP 1265 EP 1270 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00163-2 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00163-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628NJ UT WOS:000180002100031 ER PT J AU Yaswen, P Stampfer, MR AF Yaswen, P Stampfer, MR TI Molecular changes accompanying senescence and immortalization of cultured human mammary epithelial cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE immortality; telomerase; TGF beta; p16(INK4a); p57(KIP2) ID TELOMERASE CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; INDUCED PREMATURE SENESCENCE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE GENE; HUMAN-DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS; BREAST-CANCER; P53 PROTEIN; IN-SITU; P16 INACTIVATION; DUCTAL CARCINOMA; C-MYC AB Limits on the proliferative potential of cultured normal human cells may be consequences of pathways that exist to suppress tumorigenicity. Human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) employ several mechanisms to prevent unlimited growth. One mechanism may be activated by stress, and is associated with upregulated expression of p16(INK4a). In serum-free medium, some HMEC arise spontaneously which do not express p16. These "post-selection" HMEC are capable of long-term proliferation, but ultimately cease growth when their telomeres become very short. As they approach a growth plateau, termed agonescence, post-selection HMEC populations accumulate chromosome abnormalities. In contrast to the crisis exhibited by cells lacking functional p53, agonescent cells can be maintained as viable cultures. Although transduction of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, into post-selection cells can, by itself, efficiently produce immortality and avoid agonescence. the errors that produce telomerase reactivation during carcinogenesis are not known. The block to endogenous telomerase reactivation in HMEC is extremely stringent. However, if one predisposing error is present. the probability greatly increases that additional error(s) required for immortalization may be generated by genomic instability encountered during agonescence. In p53(+) HMEC immortalized after chemical carcinogen exposure, the events involved in overcoming agonescence can be temporally separated from activation of telomerase. We have used the term "conversion" to describe the gradual process that leads to telomerase activation, telomere length stabilization, decreased p57(KIP2) expression, and increased ability to grow uniformly well in the presence or absence of TGFbeta. In the presence of active p53, conversion may represent a rate-limiting step in immortal transformation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yaswen, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 70A-1118, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 52 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1357-2725 J9 INT J BIOCHEM CELL B JI Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1382 EP 1394 AR PII S1357-2725(02)00047-X DI 10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00047-X PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 601WW UT WOS:000178472600007 PM 12200033 ER PT J AU Krtolica, A Campisi, J AF Krtolica, A Campisi, J TI Cancer and aging: a model for the cancer promoting effects of the aging stroma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE antagonistic pleiotropy; cellular senescence; oncogenic mutations; tissue microenvironment; tumor suppression ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NORMAL HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; IN-VIVO; TELOMERE LENGTH; TUMOR SUPPRESSION; DNA-DAMAGE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PREMATURE SENESCENCE AB The incidence of cancer rises exponentially with age in humans and many other mammalian species. Malignant tumors are caused by an accumulation of oncogenic mutations. In addition, malignant tumorigenesis requires a permissive tissue environment in which mutant cells can survive, proliferate, and express their neoplastic phenotype. We propose that the age-related increase in cancer results from a synergy between the accumulation of mutations and age-related, pro-oncogenic changes in the tissue milieu. Most age-related cancers derive from the epithelial cells of renewable tissues. An important element of epithelia] tissues is the stroma, the sub-epithelial layer composed of extracellular matrix and several Cell types. The stroma is maintained, remodeled and repaired by resident fibroblasts, supports and instructs the epithelium, and is essential for epithelial function. One change that occurs in tissues during aging is the accumulation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts that have undergone cellular senescence. Cellular senescence irreversibly arrests proliferation in response to damage or stimuli that put cells at risk for neoplastic transformation. Senescent cells secrete factors that can disrupt tissue architecture and/or stimulate nearby cells to proliferate. We therefore speculate that their presence may create a pro-oncogenic tissue environment that synergizes with oncogenic mutations to drive the rise in cancer incidence with age. Recent evidence lends support to this idea, and suggests that senescent stromal fibroblasts may be particularly adept at creating a tissue environment that can promote the development of age-related epithelial cancers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mailstop 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 125 TC 174 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1357-2725 J9 INT J BIOCHEM CELL B JI Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1401 EP 1414 AR PII S1357-2725(02)00053-5 DI 10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00053-5 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 601WW UT WOS:000178472600009 PM 12200035 ER PT J AU Sridhar, N Massabo, R Cox, BN Beyerlein, IJ AF Sridhar, N Massabo, R Cox, BN Beyerlein, IJ TI Delamination dynamics in through-thickness reinforced laminates with application to DCB specimen SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE dynamic; delamination; crack; bridging; DCB; stitching; energy release rate ID CRACK-PROPAGATION; COHESIVE ZONE; CURVED STRUCTURES; GROWTH; FRACTURE; MODEL; COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS; DAMAGE AB Bridged crack models using beam theory formulations have proved to be effective in modeling quasistatic delamination crack growth under large scale bridging conditions in through-thickness reinforced structures. In this paper, beam theory is used to study dynamic mode I crack propagation in through-thickness reinforced laminar structures. In particular, steady state dynamic crack growth for a Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) loaded with a flying wedge is examined. The steady state crack propagation characteristics are mapped out in terms of controllable loading and material parameters including the crack velocity and the properties of the through-thickness reinforcement. For small crack velocities, the through-thickness reinforcement considerably enhances the delamination resistance of the structure. At higher velocities, the kinetic energy term dominates the overall energetics and the relative effect of the reinforcement on the delamination resistance is insignificant. The model suggests a simple fracture test for estimating the properties of the through-thickness reinforcement under dynamic loading conditions. C1 Rockwell Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Northwestern Univ, Robert R McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sridhar, N (reprint author), Rockwell Sci, 1049 Camino Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; OI MASSABO, Roberta/0000-0002-9746-1801 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 118 IS 2 BP 119 EP 144 DI 10.1023/A:1022884410968 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 665QJ UT WOS:000182131900002 ER PT J AU Tsygankov, A Kosourov, S Seibert, M Ghirardi, ML AF Tsygankov, A Kosourov, S Seibert, M Ghirardi, ML TI Hydrogen photoproduction under continuous illumination by sulfur-deprived, synchronous Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium Biohydrogen 2002 CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL EDE, NETHERLANDS SP Samsung Engn, ECN, Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NOVEM, Netherlands Agcy Energy & Environm DE green algae; hydrogen; photoproduction; synchronous growth; sulfur deprivation ID CELL-CYCLE; LIGHT; DARK AB Unsynchronized Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells subsequently deprived of sulfur produce H-2 under continuous illumination in the laboratory for 3-4 days. However, cultures grown outdoors will be exposed to day-and-night cycles that may synchronize their growth and cell division. While it is clear that only insignificant amounts of H-2 can be produced by sulfur-deprived cells during the night period, little work has been done to examine the effects of the light/dark cycles preceding sulfur deprivation on subsequent H-2 photoproduction. We show that (a) C reinhardtii cells exhibit synchronized growth and cell division in the presence of acetate, (b) cells with the highest specific rates of H-2 photoproduction also have the highest rates of biomass accumulation, and (c) the highest rates of starch and protein degradation coincide with the highest rates of formate and acetate accumulation, but not with H-2 photoproduction. This work shows that it is possible to maximize the production of H-2 by sulfur-depriving synchronized cultures at about 4 h after the beginning of the light period. (C) 2002 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RAS, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM maria_ghirardi@nrel.gov RI Kosourov, Sergey/C-6682-2009; Tsygankov, Anatoly/K-6541-2013; Kosourov, Sergey/A-1659-2016 OI Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041; Tsygankov, Anatoly/0000-0003-2376-5658; Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041 NR 21 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1239 EP 1244 AR PII S0360-3199(02)00108-8 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00108-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 607JG UT WOS:000178788000014 ER PT J AU Laurinavichene, TV Tolstygina, IV Galiulina, RR Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M Tsygankov, AA AF Laurinavichene, TV Tolstygina, IV Galiulina, RR Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M Tsygankov, AA TI Dilution methods to deprive Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures of sulfur for subsequent hydrogen photoproduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium Biohydrogen 2002 CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL EDE, NETHERLANDS SP Samsung Engn, ECN, Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NOVEM, Netherlands Agcy Energy & Environm DE photobiological hydrogen production; sulfur deprivation; green algae; photobioreactors ID MICROALGAE AB Sulfur deprivation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures gradually inactivates photosynthetic O-2 evolution and leads to the establishment of anaerobiosis in the medium. Sulfur-deprived algal cultures kept under anaerobic conditions will then produce H-2 gas for 3-5 days under continuous illumination. Currently, sulfur deprivation is achieved by mechanical centrifugation of cultures grown in sulfur-replete medium, followed by extensive and costly washing. The cells are finally resuspended in sulfur-free medium. The current study investigates two procedures to deprive algal cultures of sulfur that eliminate the centrifugation step. These procedures involve sulfur deprivation by dilution of sulfur-replete cultures into either sulfur-limited medium or sulfur-free medium. We demonstrate that efficient H-2 photoproduction can be achieved on a timely basis using either procedure. However, the dilution of sulfate-replete algal cultures 1: 10 v/v into sulfur-free medium is the most appropriate procedure. These observations serve as the basis for developing an algal H-2-production system that is cheaper, less time-consuming, and less amenable to contamination with other microorganisms than systems employing centrifugation for sulfur deprivation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tsygankov, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. RI Tsygankov, Anatoly/K-6541-2013 OI Tsygankov, Anatoly/0000-0003-2376-5658 NR 11 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1245 EP 1249 AR PII S0360-3199(02)00101-5 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00101-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 607JG UT WOS:000178788000015 ER PT J AU Horner, JK Wolinsky, MA AF Horner, JK Wolinsky, MA TI A power-law sensitivity analysis of the hydrogen-producing metabolic pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium Biohydrogen 2002 CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL EDE, NETHERLANDS SP Samsung Engn, ECN, Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NOVEM, Netherlands Agcy Energy & Environm DE hydrogen; green algae; photosynthetic algae; renewable energy; solar energy; S-system AB Melis et al. have demonstrated that the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, when deprived of sulfur, can produce hydrogen gas for similar to70 h, then can resume hydrogen gas production after a brief period of "recharging" in the presence of sulfur. Here we describe an S-system model of H-2 production by C reinhardtii. Through that model we investigate the sensitivity of H-2 production to photosynthetic efficiency, and to contention for the protons produced by the photolysis of water, between hydrogen production on the one hand, and ATP consumption by cellular functions outside the H-2 production path on the other. The model identifies for experimental investigation several potential systemic constraints on any genetic re-engineering effort aimed at increasing the H-2 production efficiency of the alga. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANL, Div Biol Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Horner, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANL, CCN-8,MS T080, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1251 EP 1255 AR PII S0360-3199(02)00129-5 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00129-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 607JG UT WOS:000178788000016 ER PT J AU Maness, PC Weaver, PF AF Maness, PC Weaver, PF TI Hydrogen production from a carbon-monoxide oxidation pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium Biohydrogen 2002 CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL EDE, NETHERLANDS SP Samsung Engn, ECN, Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NOVEM, Netherlands Agcy Energy & Environm DE Rubrivivax gelatinosus; carbon monoxide; carbon monoxide dehydrogenase; hydrogen; hydrogenase ID CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOACETICUM; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; DEHYDROGENASE; PASTEURIANUM; METABOLISM; PURIFICATION; NICKEL; GROWTH; CO AB Upon feeding CO to the gas phase of a photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS, a CO oxidation: H-2 production pathway is quickly induced. Hydrogen is produced according to the equation CO + H2O - CO2 + H-2. Two enzymes are known to be involved in this pathway: a CO dehydrogenase (CODH) with a pH optimum of 8.0 and above, and a hydrogenase with a pH optimum near 7.5. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase also displays a temperature optimum near 50degreesC. When CO mass transfer is not limited during a CO uptake measurement, an extreme fast rate of CO uptake was determined, allowing for the removal of near 87% of the dissolved CO from a bacterial suspension within 10 s. This process has therefore two potential applications, one in the production of H-2 gas as a clean renewable fuel using the linked CO oxidation: H-2 production pathway, and another in using the CODH enzyme itself as a fuel-gas conditioning catalyst. These applications thereby will improve the overall H-2 economy when gasified waste biomass serves as the inexpensive feedstock. (C) 2002 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Maness, PC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1407 EP 1411 AR PII S0360-3199(02)00107-6 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00107-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 607JG UT WOS:000178788000035 ER PT J AU Flynn, T Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M AF Flynn, T Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M TI Accumulation of O-2-tolerant phenotypes in H-2-producing strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by sequential applications of chemical mutagenesis and selection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium Biohydrogen 2002 CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL EDE, NETHERLANDS SP Samsung Engn, ECN, Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NOVEM, Netherlands Agcy Energy & Environm DE green algae; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; H-2 photoproduction; hydrogenase; O-2 tolerance ID HYDROGEN METABOLISM; CYANOBACTERIA; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION AB The photoproduction of hydrogen by anaerobically induced algae is catalyzed by a bidirectional hydrogenase that is rapidly inactivated by oxygen. We isolated two generations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains with H-2-evolving activities of up to 10 times the O-2-tolerance seen in the wild-type (WT). These isolates were generated by two sequential selections, consisting of random chemical mutagenesis, enrichment for H-2-metabolism clones following exposure to increasing amounts of O-2, and screening using a chemochromic sensor. The selected strains were characterized by two types of assays and classified as those that (a) can evolve H-2 following exposure to O-2 Concentrations that inactive the WT strain and (b) in addition, are able to quickly reactivate H-2-production activity once O-2 is removed. These results suggest that O-2-tolerance can be increased by successive rounds of mutagenesis, selection, and screening, demonstrating that the WT phenotype can be improved by genetic means. Other results show that the hydrogenase is less sensitive to O-2 when it is actively catalyzing H-2 evolution. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Seibert, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1421 EP 1430 AR PII S0360-3199(02)00117-9 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00117-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 607JG UT WOS:000178788000037 ER PT J AU Appelhans, AD Ward, MB Olson, JE AF Appelhans, AD Ward, MB Olson, JE TI Electron flood charge compensation device for ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); quadrupole ion trap; electron flood; sample charging; simulation; SIMION ID CONDUCTING MATERIALS; LEAF SURFACES; STATIC SIMS; BEAM; SOIL AB During secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of organophosphorous compounds adsorbed onto soils, the measured anion signals were lower than expected and it was hypothesized that the low signals could be due to sample charging. An electron flood gun was designed, constructed and used to investigate sample charging of these and other sample types. The flood gun was integrated into one end cap of an ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometer and the design maintained the geometry of the self-stabilizing extraction optics used in this instrument. The SIMION ion optics program was used to design the flood gun, and experimental results agreed with the predicted performance. Results showed the low anion signals from the soils were not due to sample charging. Other insulating and conducting samples were tested using both a ReO4- and a Cs+ primary ion beam. The proximity of the sample and electron source to the ion trap aperture resulted in generation of background ions in the ion trap via electron impact (EI) ionization during the period the electron gun was flooding the sample region. When using the electron gun with the ReO4- primary beam, the required electron current was low enough that the EI background was negligible; however, the high electron flood current required with the Cs+ beam produced background EI ions that degraded the quality of the mass spectra. The consequences of the EI produced cations will have to be evaluated on a sample-by-sample basis when using electron flood. It was shown that the electron flood gun could be intentionally operated to produce EI spectra in this instrument. This offers the opportunity to measure, nearly simultaneously, species evaporating from a sample, via EI, and species bound to the surface, via SIMS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Appelhans, AD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 221 IS 1 BP 21 EP 38 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00892-8 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00892-8 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 609VU UT WOS:000178926300003 ER PT J AU Boettger, JC Ray, AK AF Boettger, JC Ray, AK TI Fully relativistic density functional calculations on hydroxylated actinide oxide surfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Theory and Computations in Molecular and Materials Sciences Biology and Pharmacology CY FEB 23-MAR 01, 2002 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FL DE actinide oxides; LCGTO-FF method; DFT calculations; scalar- and fully relativistic levels of approximation ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; URANIUM-DIOXIDE; BAND-STRUCTURE; UO2; PHOTOEMISSION; BERYLLIUM; ENERGY; TRANSFORMATION; MONOLAYERS; EXCHANGE AB The linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals-fitting function (LCGTO-FF) method has been used to investigate the cohesive properties of three fluorite structure actinide oxides (ThO2, UO2, and PuO2), and their clean and hydroxylated (111) surfaces, within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density functional theory (DFT). Relativistic effects have been considered at both the scalar-relativistic and the fully relativistic (spin-orbit coupling included) levels of approximation. It is found here that the 5f states have only a minimal effect on the cohesive properties of these systems, despite the fact that the two heavier actinide oxides (both Mott-Hubbard-type insulators) are incorrectly predicted to be good metals. The cause of this insensitivity to the spurious metallic nature of the 5f states, is elucidated. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Boettger, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jn@lanl.go NR 43 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 90 IS 4-5 BP 1470 EP 1477 DI 10.1002/qua.10350 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 614HY UT WOS:000179183600021 ER PT J AU Visinoiu, A Scholz, R Chattopadhyay, S Alexe, M Hesse, D AF Visinoiu, A Scholz, R Chattopadhyay, S Alexe, M Hesse, D TI Formation of epitaxial BaTiO3/SrTiO3 multilayers grown on Nb-doped SrTiO3 (001) substrates SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on the Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN SP IEEE DE multilayers; growth; BaTiO3; SrTiO3; thin films; Stranski-Krastanov mode; pulsed laser deposition; dielectric constant ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SOL-GEL METHOD; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; OXIDES AB The formation of epitaxial BaTiO3/SrTiO3 multilayers; is studied in terms of the growth mechanism by investigating surface morphologies, crystalline orientations, microstructures, and structures of the interfaces, as well as by determining the dielectric properties. Under specific conditions, the epitaxial BaTiO3 films follow a layer-then-island (Stranski-Krastanov) mechanism on SrTiO3 (001)-oriented substrates. In view of actual efforts made to grow epitaxial superlattices involving very thin individual layers of BaTiO3 and/or SrTiO3, we have determined that the BaTiO3 films Of up to 6,nm thickness do not show any defects and have a sharp BaTiO3-on-SrTiO3 interface. On the contrary, SrTiO3-on-BaTiO3 interfaces within multilayers are rough, probably due to the different growth mechanisms of the two different materials, or due to a difference in the morphological stability of the growth surfaces caused by different surface energies of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 and by different mobilities of the Ba and Sr atoms reaching the SrTi3 and BaTiO3 layers, respectively. C1 Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Visinoiu, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. RI Alexe, Marin/K-3882-2016 OI Alexe, Marin/0000-0002-0386-3026 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 41 IS 11B BP 6633 EP 6638 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.6633 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 676AT UT WOS:000182730300005 ER PT J AU Trepakov, VA Prosandeev, SA Savinov, ME Galinetto, P Samoggia, G Kapphan, SE Jastrabik, L Boatner, LA AF Trepakov, VA Prosandeev, SA Savinov, ME Galinetto, P Samoggia, G Kapphan, SE Jastrabik, L Boatner, LA TI Long-range displacive to short-range order-disorder crossover in weakly concentrated KTayNb1-yO3 SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on the Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN SP IEEE DE incipient ferroelectrics; impurity effects; multiscale ordering ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB Recently we reported on an reentrant dipole glass-like phase formation in K0.9986Li0.0014Ta0.976Nb0.024O3 (V. Trepakov et al.: Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 172203). Here we present the detailed low-frequency dielectric permittivity and Raman scattering data for nearly the same composition but without Li admixture, namely for KTa0.982Nb0.018O3 (KTN 1.8). We found that upon cool down, KTN 1.8 exhibits soft-mode-driven long-range displacive dynamics with phase transition at T-C = 27 K. Below T-C the randomness of the Nb distribution leads to a pronounced crossover to the order-disorder polar microregion dynamics which is also accompanied, nevertheless, by TO1 mode stiffness upon cooling. The application of a dc-bias returns the long-range displacive behavior to the system. C1 Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Rostov State Univ, Dept Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Inst Phys AS CR, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Solid State Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Trepakov, VA (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014; Savinov, Maxim/H-2417-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 41 IS 11B BP 7176 EP 7178 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.71716 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 676AT UT WOS:000182730300124 ER PT J AU Galinetto, P Giulotto, E Samoggia, G Trepakov, V Kapphan, S Jastrabik, L Boatner, L AF Galinetto, P Giulotto, E Samoggia, G Trepakov, V Kapphan, S Jastrabik, L Boatner, L TI Study of dipole ordering in K1-xLixTa1-yNbyO3 by Raman spectroscopy SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on the Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN SP IEEE DE incipient ferroelectrics; impurity effects; Raman spectroscopy ID SCATTERING; PHASE AB Recently, very intriguing dipole-ordering, phenomena near the critical temperature and down into the low temperature phase were reported for K1-xLixTa1-yNbyO3. The understanding of these processes is a crucial aspect of basic research and applications. In the present work, we report on Raman experiments in K1-xLixTa1-yNbyO3 crystals with x similar to 0.004 and y similar to 0.031. Systematic analysis of TO1 and TO4 spectra within the temperature range of 17-150 K was performed. All the measurements were performed after both zero-field and field cooling. The results enable us to gain new evidence of the competition between long-range order and the Li-related dipole glasslike subsystem. C1 Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-46069 Osnabruck, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Galinetto, P (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 41 IS 11B BP 7181 EP 7183 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.7181 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 676AT UT WOS:000182730300126 ER PT J AU Park, BH Jia, QX AF Park, BH Jia, QX TI Enhanced dielectric properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin tilms applicable to tunable microwave devices SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on the Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN SP IEEE DE Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3; microstructure; strain states; TiO2-doped; dielectric properties ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; FILMS AB We have heteroepitaxially deposited pure and TiO2-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST-0.4) films on (001)-oriented MgO substrates using pulsed-laser deposition. By optimizing microstructures, we have successfully increased the dielectric nonlinearity and decreased the dielectric loss of BST films. By inserting a very thin Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (X = 0.1-0.7) interlayer between the MgO substrate and the main layer of BST-0.4, we are able to manipulate strain states and dielectric properties of BST-0.4 films. In addition, we have systematically compared the dielectric properties of pure and TiO2-doped BST-0.4 films. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconductor Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, BH (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. RI Park, Bae Ho/D-4840-2011; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 41 IS 11B BP 7222 EP 7225 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.7222 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 676AT UT WOS:000182730300135 ER PT J AU Smugeresky, JE AF Smugeresky, JE TI A new concept in TMS programming: MPMD Global Innovations Symposia SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MPMD, Warrendale, PA 15086 USA. RP Smugeresky, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9402-940-1191, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 54 IS 11 BP 17 EP 17 DI 10.1007/BF02709742 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 612NZ UT WOS:000179083500001 ER PT J AU Dressel, M Drichko, N Salameh, B Thoms, J Schlueter, J Merino, J AF Dressel, M Drichko, N Salameh, B Thoms, J Schlueter, J Merino, J TI Charge ordering and superconductivity in alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)MHg(SCN)(4) SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Electronic Crystals (ECRYS-2002) CY SEP 02-07, 2002 CL ST FLOUR, FRANCE ID PHASE-DIAGRAM; ALPHA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)KHG(SCN)(4); STATES AB In the optical spectra of the non-superconducting salt alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)KHg(SCN)(4) a strong feature appears at frequencies of about 200 cm(-1) and temperatures below 200 K which indicates the opening of a pseudogap. This is in contrast to the superconducting alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)NH4Hg(SCN)(4) which exhibits metallic-like optical properties down to 2 K. Based on exact diagonalisation calculations of the optical conductivity on an extended Hubbard model at quarter-filling we argue that the proximity of these salts to a charge ordering transition is responsible for the observed pseudogap. Our proposed scenario suggests that the different ground states, including superconductivity, are a consequence of the fluctuations associated with short range charge ordering which builds up close to the quantum phase transition. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 1, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70506 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Dressel, M (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 1, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Dressel, Martin/D-3244-2012; Merino, Jaime/L-4135-2014 OI Merino, Jaime/0000-0002-2413-7189 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS PR9 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1051/jp4:20020354 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 639MN UT WOS:000180633200014 ER PT J AU Latyshev, YI Bulaevskii, LN Kawae, T Ayari, A Monceau, P AF Latyshev, YI Bulaevskii, LN Kawae, T Ayari, A Monceau, P TI Experimental evidence of interlayer coherent tunneling in NbSe3 from experiments on small mesas SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Electronic Crystals (ECRYS-2002) CY SEP 02-07, 2002 CL ST FLOUR, FRANCE ID SUPERCONDUCTING GAP; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SPECTROSCOPY; PSEUDOGAP; TRANSPORT; SUBMICRON AB Zero bias conductance peak (ZBCP) and gap features have been studied on tunneling interlayer spectra of the micron-sized NbSe3 stacks of high quality. We show that temperature dependence and the shape of the ZBCP is self-consistently described by Bulaevskii theory of coherent interlayer tunneling of pocket carriers. C1 RAS, Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Moscow 101999, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tohoku Univ, Elect Commun Res Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Latyshev, YI (reprint author), RAS, Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Mokhovaya 11-7,GSP-9, Moscow 101999, Russia. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS PR9 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1051/jp4:20020372 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 639MN UT WOS:000180633200032 ER PT J AU Zamborszky, F Yu, W Raas, W Brown, SE Alavi, B Merlic, CA Baur, A Lefebvre, S Wzietek, P AF Zamborszky, F Yu, W Raas, W Brown, SE Alavi, B Merlic, CA Baur, A Lefebvre, S Wzietek, P TI Influence of charge order on the ground state of TMTTF conductors SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Electronic Crystals (ECRYS-2002) CY SEP 02-07, 2002 CL ST FLOUR, FRANCE ID (TMTTF)(2)PF6; PHASE AB Properties of the charge-ordered (CO) phase for the representative salt (TMTTF)(2)AsF6 are determined using C-13 and As-75 nuclei as probes. The charge disproportionation ratio is found to be at least 3:1 at temperatures below the transition temperature T-CO. At lower temperatures, the material undergoes a second transition to a singlet ground state. Investigations of the relative stability of the two orders under applied pressure reveal that the two orders compete. The phase diagram consists of a region of coexistence and a tetracritical point. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, CERPEMA, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, URA 2, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Zamborszky, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Yu, Weiqiang/E-9722-2012 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS PR9 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1051/jp4:20020380 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 639MN UT WOS:000180633200040 ER PT J AU Tranquada, JM AF Tranquada, JM TI The stripe-liquid phase in cuprates and nickelates SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Electronic Crystals (ECRYS-2002) CY SEP 02-07, 2002 CL ST FLOUR, FRANCE ID ORDER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2NIO4.125; BI2SR2CUO6; HOLES; SPINS AB It is well established that doped 2D antiferromagnets such as layered nickelates and certain cuprates can exhibit an ordered phase in which charge carriers are segregated to periodically-spaced domain walls separating antiferromagnetic domains. An open question concerns the nature of the state that is achieved when a stripe solid melts. Recent neutron scattering experiments on nickelates and cuprates indicate that melting leads to a stripe-liquid state; these results will be presented and discussed. The existence of the stripe-liquid phase in nickelates makes it plausible to interpret the mid-infrared absorption in terms of transitions from valence to mid-gap states associated with the stripes. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tranquada, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS PR9 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1051/jp4:20020404 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 639MN UT WOS:000180633200064 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, RM TI A possible limiting case behavior for brittle material fracture SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The self-consistent scheme is used to model the state of an elastic material with a very high density of nearly connected cracks. Then fracture mechanics is used to pose the problem of the complete and final failure of the material under uniaxial and eqibiaxial tension. These failure states are taken to be those of the extreme case of brittle fracture. A specific form for the resulting extreme brittle failure criterion is given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 69 IS 6 BP 772 EP 774 DI 10.1115/1.1483835 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 613WF UT WOS:000179153900007 ER PT J AU Forrestal, MJ Hanchak, SJ AF Forrestal, MJ Hanchak, SJ TI Penetration limit velocity for ogive-nose projectiles and limestone targets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID STEEL PROJECTILES AB We conducted depth of penetration experiments with ogive-nose steel projectiles and limestone targets to determine the penetration limit velocity. The penetration limit velocity is defined as the minimum striking velocity required to embed the projectile in the target. For striking velocities smaller than the penetration limit velocity, the projectile rebounds from the target. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Forrestal, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 69 IS 6 BP 853 EP 854 DI 10.1115/1.1480820 PG 2 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 613WF UT WOS:000179153900017 ER PT J AU Raitses, Y Keidar, M Staack, D Fisch, NJ AF Raitses, Y Keidar, M Staack, D Fisch, NJ TI Effects of segmented electrode in Hall current plasma thrusters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD AB Segmented electrodes placed along a ceramic channel in a Hall thruster are shown to influence significantly the plasma potential distribution. Both the radial potential and the axial acceleration region are sensitive to the location of the segmented electrodes. The measured and theoretical potential profiles appear to be affected in detail by the electrode material (graphite) having lower secondary electron emission than the ceramic channel walls. The measured plasma potential profile is shown as well to correlate with the observed and desirable narrowing of the plasma plume emanating from the thruster. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Raitses, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Staack, David/A-5430-2010 NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 4906 EP 4911 DI 10.1063/1.1510556 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 607AA UT WOS:000178767200009 ER PT J AU Windisch, CF Exarhos, GJ Sharma, SK AF Windisch, CF Exarhos, GJ Sharma, SK TI Influence of temperature and electronic disorder on the Raman spectra of nickel cobalt oxides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Raman spectra of nickel cobalt oxide films with spinel crystal structure showed unexpected variations with film thickness. Combined with the results of studies as a function of incident laser power and temperature, from 25 to 800 K, the results strongly point to a small polaron hopping model for electrical conductivity in these materials. During laser excitation, phonons interact with valence electrons such that the carrier holes in these materials become localized or associated with the polarized environment created by the electron-phonon interaction (polaron). These interactions split the energy levels of the valence electrons contributing to band broadening well below room temperature. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Windisch, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 5572 EP 5574 DI 10.1063/1.1509838 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 607AA UT WOS:000178767200112 ER PT J AU de Henestrosa, ARF Cune, J Erill, I Magnuson, JK Barbe, J AF de Henestrosa, ARF Cune, J Erill, I Magnuson, JK Barbe, J TI A green nonsulfur bacterium, Dehalococcoides ethenogenes, with the LexA binding sequence found in gram-positive organisms SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; REPRESSOR; CLEAVAGE; PROTEIN; RECA; DAMAGE; DINR AB Dehalococcoides ethenogenes is a member of the physiologically diverse division of green nonsulfur bacteria. Using a TBLASTN search, the D. ethenogenes lexA gene has been identified, cloned, and expressed and its protein has been purified. Mobility shift assays revealed that the D. ethenogenes LexA protein specifically binds to both its own promoter and that of the uvrA gene, but not to the recA promoter. Our results demonstrate that the D. ethenogenes LexA binding site is GAACN(4)GTTC, which is identical to that found in gram-positive bacteria. In agreement with this fact, the Bacillus subtilis DinR protein binds specifically to the D. ethenogenes LexA operator. This constitutes the first non-gram-positive bacterium exhibiting a LexA binding site identical to that of B. subtilis. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Unitat Microbiol, Edifici C, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Ctr Nacl Microelect, Biomed Applicat Grp, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP de Henestrosa, ARF (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Unitat Microbiol, Edifici C, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RI Barbe, Jordi/G-5212-2015; Erill, Ivan/H-9405-2015 OI Barbe, Jordi/0000-0003-4408-013X; Erill, Ivan/0000-0002-7280-7191 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 184 IS 21 BP 6073 EP 6080 DI 10.1128/JB.184.21.6073-6080.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 603XP UT WOS:000178586800032 ER PT J AU Earl, AM Mohundro, MM Mian, IS Battista, JR AF Earl, AM Mohundro, MM Mian, IS Battista, JR TI The IrrE protein of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is a novel regulator of recA expression SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IONIZING-RADIATION; MICROCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; SENSITIVE STRAINS; DNA-REPAIR; RADIORESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANT; PATHWAYS; SEQUENCE; MUTANT AB IRS24 is a DNA damage-sensitive strain of Deinococcus radiodurans strain 302 carrying a mutation in an uncharacterized locus designated irrE. Five overlapping cosmids capable of restoring ionizing radiation resistance to IRS24 were isolated from a genomic library. The ends of each cloned insert were sequenced, and these sequences were used to localize irrE to a 970-bp region on chromosome I of D. radiodurans R1. The irrE gene corresponds to coding sequence DR0167 in the RI genome. The irrE gene encodes a 35,000-Da protein that has no similarity to any previously characterized peptide. The irrE locus of R1 was also inactivated by transposon mutagenesis, and this strain was sensitive to ionizing radiation, UV light, and mitomycin C. Preliminary findings indicate that IrrE is a novel regulatory protein that stimulates transcription of the recA gene following exposure to ionizing radiation. C1 Louisiana State Univ & A&M Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Battista, JR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ & A&M Coll, Dept Biol Sci, 508 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jbattis@lsu.edu OI Earl, Ashlee/0000-0001-7857-9145 NR 30 TC 110 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 184 IS 22 BP 6216 EP 6224 DI 10.1128/JB.184.22.6216-6224.2002 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 609QU UT WOS:000178916700016 PM 12399492 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Ward, R Tian, Y Malizia, F Gracias, DH Shen, YR Somorjai, GA AF Chen, Z Ward, R Tian, Y Malizia, F Gracias, DH Shen, YR Somorjai, GA TI Interaction of fibrinogen with surfaces of end-group-modified polyurethanes: A surface-specific sum-frequency-generation vibrational spectroscopy study SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sum-frequency generation; protein adsorption; biomedical polymer; polyurethane; surface-modifying end group ID LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACE; STRETCHING MODES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMER; ORIENTATION; SPECTRUM; XPS; ADSORPTION; MONOLAYERS; MOLECULES AB Fibrinogen adsorption on polyurethanes with different surface-modifying end groups (SMEs) has been studied with sum-frequency-generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG). The results show very different protein adsorption properties for different SMEs on the same backbone polymer. Fibrinogen binds weakly on the hydrophilic backbone of a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS)-modified polyurethane surface but leaves the hydrophobic PDMS part untouched. On sulfonate end-group-modified (SO3-) polyurethane surfaces, fibrinogen adsorbs well. However, on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-modified surfaces, it adsorbs poorly. The protein-resistant character of PEO is probably due to steric repulsion. This work demonstrates the utility of SFG in the study of protein adsorption on polymeric biomaterials at the molecular level and the ability of SMEs to mediate protein adsorption. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Polymer Technol Grp Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ward, R (reprint author), Polymer Technol Grp Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM rward@polymertech.com RI Gracias, David/A-1942-2010; Chen, Zhan/G-8312-2016 OI Gracias, David/0000-0003-2735-4725; Chen, Zhan/0000-0001-8687-8348 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [2R44HL55824-02A1] NR 50 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 62 IS 2 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1002/jbm.10075 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 589JH UT WOS:000177754800013 PM 12209946 ER PT J AU Logan, J Fowler, JS Ding, YS Franceschi, D Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Felder, C Alexoff, D AF Logan, J Fowler, JS Ding, YS Franceschi, D Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Felder, C Alexoff, D TI Strategy for the formation of parametric images under conditions of low injected radioactivity applied to PET studies with the irreversible monoamine oxidase a tracers [C-11]clorgyline and deuterium-substituted [11C]clorgyline SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE monoamine oxidase; PET; kinetic modeling; parametric images ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN-BRAIN; BINDING; SYSTEM AB The construction of parametric positron emission tomography images of enzyme or receptor concentration obtained using irreversibly binding radiotracers presents problems not usually encountered with reversibly binding radiotracers. Difficulties are most apparent in brain regions having low blood flow and/or high enzyme or receptor concentration and are exacerbated with noisy data. This is especially true when minimal doses of radiotracer are administered. A comparison was recently reported of the irreversible monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) radiotracers [C-11]clorgyline (CLG) and deuterium-substituted [C-11]clorgyline (CLG-D) in the human brain using region of interest (ROI) analysis in which the authors observed an unexpected loss of image contrast with CLG-D compared with CLG. In order to more fully investigate patterns of binding of these irreversibly binding radiotracers, a strategy was devised to reduce noise in the generation of parametric images of the model term related to enzyme or receptor concentration. The generalized linear least squares (GLLS) method of Feng et a]. (1995), a rapid linear method that is unbiased, was used for image-wide parameter estimation. Since GLLS can fail in the presence of large amounts of noise, local voxels were grouped within the image to increase the signal, and the GLLS method was combined with the standard nonlinear estimation methods when necessary. Voxels were grouped together depending on their proximity and whether they fell within a specified range of the time-integrated image. It was assumed that voxels meeting both criteria are functionally related. Simulations reflecting varying enzyme concentrations were performed to assess precision and accuracy of parameter estimates in the presence of varying amounts of noise. Using this approach, images were generated of the combination parameter lambdak(3) (lambda = K-1/k(2), where K-1 and k(2) are plasma-to-tissue and tissue-to-plasma transport constants, respectively) that is related to enzyme concentration as well as images of the transport constant K-1 for individual subjects. Reasonably high-quality images of both K-1 and lambdak(3) were obtained for CLG and CLG-D for individual subjects even with low injected doses averaging 6 mCi. While there were no differences in the K-1 images, the lambdak(3) images revealed the loss of contrast previously reported for CLG-D using the ROI analysis. This method should be generalizable to other tracers and should facilitate the analysis of group differences. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Logan, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 15380] NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1367 EP 1376 DI 10.1097/01.WCB.0000040947.67415.e1 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 611XK UT WOS:000179043000010 PM 12439294 ER PT J AU Palmer, DA Archer, DG Rard, JA AF Palmer, DA Archer, DG Rard, JA TI Isopiestic determination of the osmotic and activity coefficients of K2SO4(aq) at the temperatures 298.15 and 323.15 K, and revision of the thermodynamic properties of the K2SO4+H2O system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; HEAT-CAPACITY; ELECTROLYTES; 25-DEGREES-C; NA2SO4(AQ); NACL(AQ); MIXTURES; PITZER; H2O AB Isopiestic vapor-pressure measurements were made for K2SO4(aq) from (0.228 to 0.740) mol(.)kg(-1) at 298.15 K and from (0.200 to 0.957) mol(.)kg(-1) at 323.15 K, using NaCI(aq) as the isopiestic reference standard. These isopiestic measurements extend to saturation at 323.15 K and to slightly above saturation at 298.15 K. There are no previous isopiestic studies for K2SO4(aq) at 323.15 K. Thermodynamic properties from the literature for the potassium sulfate + water system and the present measurements were used to generate equations that represent the thermodynamic properties of this system from the freezing point of the aqueous solution to 500 K. The measured values included for least-squares estimation of the model parameters spanned the temperature range approximately 271 K to 530 K for K2SO4(aq). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Archer, DG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1431 DI 10.1021/je025531c PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 617NV UT WOS:000179368500020 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Wang, LS AF Zhai, HJ Wang, LS TI Electronic structure and chemical bonding of divanadium-oxide clusters (V2Ox, x=3-7) from anion photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; VANADIUM-OXIDE; CATIONS; OXIDATION; IONS; DISSOCIATION; SURFACES; SYSTEMS; SPECTRA; X=1-4 AB We report a photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of a series of divanadium-oxide clusters V2Ox- (x=3-7). Well-resolved spectra were obtained at three photon energies (355, 266, and 193 nm), revealing the structural and electronic evolution as the number of oxygen atoms increases in the cluster series. A behavior of sequential oxidation was observed in V2Ox- for x up to 5: low binding energy features with primarily V 3d characters were disappearing in numbers and simultaneously shifting to higher binding energies with increasing oxygen content as a result of V-->O charge transfers. Finally, for V2O6- and V2O7-, the photoelectron spectra exhibit very-high-binding-energy features characteristic of O 2p characters. Vibrationally resolved spectra were obtained for the ground-state features of V2O4- and V2O6-, with a spacing of 1090 cm(-1) (V2O4) and 800 cm(-1) (V2O6), which are assigned to V-O stretching vibrations. Electron affinities are reported for V2O3 to V2O7, and those of 5.61 eV for V2O6 and 5.38 eV for V2O7 are among the highest electronic affinities ever reported. The data are compared with previous theoretical calculations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhai, HJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 43 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 17 BP 7882 EP 7888 DI 10.1063/1.1510441 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 604MN UT WOS:000178625500007 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Wang, LS Alexandrova, AN Boldyrev, AI AF Zhai, HJ Wang, LS Alexandrova, AN Boldyrev, AI TI Electronic structure and chemical bonding of B-5(-) and B-5 by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BORON CLUSTER IONS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; B-13(+) CLUSTERS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GREEN-FUNCTION; STABILITY; ABINITIO; ATOMS AB The electronic structure and chemical bonding of B-5- and B-5 were investigated using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra were obtained for B-5- and were compared to theoretical calculations performed at various levels of theory. Extensive searches were carried out for the global minimum of B-5-, which was found to have a planar C-2v structure with a closed-shell ground state ((1)A(1)). Excellent agreement was observed between ab initio detachment energies and the experimental spectra, firmly establishing the ground-state structures for both B-5- and B-5. The chemical bonding in B-5- was investigated and compared to that in Al-5-. While both B-5- and Al-5- have a similar C-2v planar structure, their pi-bonding orbitals are different. In Al-5-, a pi-bonding orbital was previously observed to delocalize over only the three central atoms in the C-2v ground-state structure, whereas a similar pi orbital (1b(1)) was found to completely delocalize over all five atoms in the C-2v B-5-. This pi bonding in B-5- makes it more rigid towards butterfly out-of-plane distortions relative to Al-5(-). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Zhai, HJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 63 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 17 BP 7917 EP 7924 DI 10.1063/1.1511184 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 604MN UT WOS:000178625500012 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Gross, RL Hall, GE Muckerman, JT Suits, AG AF Liu, XH Gross, RL Hall, GE Muckerman, JT Suits, AG TI Imaging O(P-3) plus alkane reactions in crossed molecular beams: Vertical versus adiabatic H abstraction dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TO-STATE DYNAMICS; SATURATED-HYDROCARBONS; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SECTIONS; PRODUCTS; MODELS; ENERGY; O(3P); ATOM AB We present a crossed molecular beam study of the reaction of O(P-3) with alkanes, using velocity map imaging of the alkyl radical product via single photon ionization at 157 nm. We obtained the differential cross sections and translational energy distributions for reaction of O(P-3) with cyclohexane, n-butane and isobutane at a range of well-defined collision energies from 4.7 to 14.8 kcal/mol. The product alkyl radicals are largely backscattered with respect to the alkane beam at all collision energies, but the scattering distribution is clearly broadened with increasing collision energy. This is consistent with a picture of direct rebound dynamics but inconsistent with a recent result for the vibrationally excited OH component [H. Tsurumaki , J. Chem Phys. 112, 8338 (2000)], and we explore the source of this inconsistency. More surprising is the large fraction of the available energy partitioned into internal degrees of freedom of the alkyl radical, showing that the simple triatomic picture of the reaction is inadequate to account for all of the observations. To explain the observed dynamics we propose a modification of the triatomic model in which the exoergicity is adjusted to reflect "vertical" rather than "adiabatic" H abstraction energetics, and this picture is supported by ab initio calculations and by detailed consideration of the translational energy release patterns. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Gas Phase Mol Dynam Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Liu, XH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Gas Phase Mol Dynam Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013 OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 17 BP 7947 EP 7959 DI 10.1063/1.1510444 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 604MN UT WOS:000178625500016 ER PT J AU Maiti, A Govind, N Kung, P King-Smith, D Miller, JE Zhang, C Whitwell, G AF Maiti, A Govind, N Kung, P King-Smith, D Miller, JE Zhang, C Whitwell, G TI Effect of surface phosphorus on the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane: A first-principles investigation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID N-BUTANE OXIDATION; VANADYL PYROPHOSPHATE CATALYSTS; IRON PHOSPHATE CATALYST; SUPPORTED VPO CATALYSTS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; ISOBUTYRIC ACID; MALEIC-ANHYDRIDE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION; METHACRYLIC-ACID AB Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of small-chain alkanes has the potential to displace thermal cracking as the preferred method of light olefin production. Many heterogeneous catalysts for the ODH reaction have been discussed in the literature, including oxides, vanadates, and phosphates of rare earth and transition metals. Our experiments and the literature indicate that for most of these catalysts, including silica gel and alumina, a phosphorus-enriched surface enhances the ODH yield of ethane to ethylene. To understand the role of P, the ODH reactions were simulated on a silica surface, with and without P, using the density functional theory code DMol(3) in a periodic supercell. Optimized structures for all intermediates as well as transition states were obtained for full catalytic cycles. The simulations reveal that activation barriers for the rate-limiting steps are lowered by similar to10 kcal/mol in the presence of P. The decrease results from a transition state in which the P atom remains quasi-5-valent and fourfold coordinated. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Accelrys Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Akzo Nobel Chem Res, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 USA. RP Maiti, A (reprint author), Accelrys Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM amaiti@accelrys.com RI Govind, Niranjan/D-1368-2011; Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 17 BP 8080 EP 8088 DI 10.1063/1.1510122 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 604MN UT WOS:000178625500031 ER PT J AU Qu, LW Martin, RB Huang, WJ Fu, KF Zweifel, D Lin, Y Sun, YP Bunker, CE Harruff, BA Gord, JR Allard, LF AF Qu, LW Martin, RB Huang, WJ Fu, KF Zweifel, D Lin, Y Sun, YP Bunker, CE Harruff, BA Gord, JR Allard, LF TI Interactions of functionalized carbon nanotubes with tethered pyrenes in solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR EXCIMER FORMATION; CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION; 1,3-DI(1-PYRENYL)PROPANE; DECAY; FLUORESCENCE; POLYMER; MONOMER AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were functionalized by oligomeric species containing derivatized pyrenes. Absorption and emission properties of the pyrene moieties tethered to the functionalized SWNTs were studied in homogeneous solution. The absorption spectra suggest no significant ground-state complexation between the pyrenes and nanotubes. The fluorescence and fluorescence excitation results show that the tethered pyrenes form "intramolecular" (intra-nanotube) excimers and that the excimer formation is predominantly dynamic in nature. The time-resolved fluorescence results show that the pyrene monomer and excimer emissions are significantly quenched by the attached SWNTs. The quenching is explained in terms of a mechanism in which carbon nanotubes serve as acceptors for excited-state energy transfers from the tethered pyrene moieties. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 38 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 17 BP 8089 EP 8094 DI 10.1063/1.1510745 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 604MN UT WOS:000178625500032 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Knipmeyer, SE Steele, WV AF Chirico, RD Knipmeyer, SE Steele, WV TI Heat capacities, enthalpy increments, and derived thermodynamic functions for naphthalene between the temperatures 5 K and 440 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE naphthalene; heat capacity; entropy; enthalpy of fusion; triple-point temperature AB Heat capacities and enthalpy increments between the temperatures T = 5 K and 440 K were measured by adiabatic calorimetry for naphthalene. The triple-point temperature, enthalpy of fusion, heat capacities, and derived thermodynamic functions are reported for the solid and liquid phases. Results are compared with selected literature values. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, TRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Phys Properties Res Facil, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Petrol & Energy Res, BDM Oklahoma Inc, Bartlesville Thermodynam Grp, Bartlesville, OK 74005 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, TRC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1873 EP 1884 DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(02)00262-8 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 626LQ UT WOS:000179874300010 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Knipmeyer, SE Steele, WV AF Chirico, RD Knipmeyer, SE Steele, WV TI Heat capacities, enthalpy increments, and derived thermodynamic functions for benzophenone between the temperatures 5 K and 440 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE benzophenone; heat capacity; entropy; enthalpy of fusion; triple-point temperature ID CALIBRATION; CALORIMETRY AB Heat capacities and enthalpy increments between the temperatures T = 5K and T = 440K wore determined with adiabatic calorimetry for benzophenone. The triple-point temperature, enthalpy of fusion, heat capacities, and derived thermodynamic functions are reported for the solid and liquid phases. Standard entropies for benzophenone are reported for the first time. Results are compared with modem literature values. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Properties Res Facil, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Petrol & Energy Res, Bartlesville Thermodynam Grp, BDM Oklahoma Inc, Bartlesville, OK 74005 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1885 EP 1895 DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(02)00261-6 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 626LQ UT WOS:000179874300011 ER PT J AU Al-Bokari, M Cherrak, D Guiochon, G AF Al-Bokari, M Cherrak, D Guiochon, G TI Determination of the porosities of monolithic columns by inverse size-exclusion chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE porosity; monolithic columns; inverse size-exclusion chromatography; silica C-18; polystyrene standards ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POROUS SILICA COLUMNS; SEPARATION MEDIUM; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PACKING MATERIALS; PERFORMANCE; ROD AB Retention data of polystyrene samples of narrow molecular size distribution and known average molecular mass were measured on several monolithic columns (Chromolith Performance, Merck) and one conventional packed column (Luna C-18, Phenomenex) by size-exclusion chromatography. These data were used to determine the external, the internal, and the total porosities of these columns. These data provided also information on the pore-size distribution of the adsorbent medium. The external and the total porosities of these columns are much higher than those of conventional packed columns. The results illustrate the profound changes brought by monolithic columns to the balance of the hydrodynamic and the mass transfer kinetic properties of chromatographic columns. Classical methods of comparison between column performance must be re-evaluated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buchler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 32 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 975 IS 2 BP 275 EP 284 AR PII S0021-9673(02)01271-2 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01271-2 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 611KU UT WOS:000179016900004 PM 12456082 ER PT J AU Clement, TP Truex, MJ Lee, P AF Clement, TP Truex, MJ Lee, P TI A case study for demonstrating the application of US EPA's monitored natural attenuation screening protocol at a hazardous waste site SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Contaminated Site Remediation Conference CY 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA DE modeling; groundwater contamination; bioremediation; biodegradation; natural attenuation; reactive transport ID FIELD-SCALE APPLICATION; MULTISPECIES TRANSPORT; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; SUPERFUND SITE; DEGRADATION; 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE; KINETICS AB Natural attenuation assessment data, collected at a Superfund site located in Louisiana, USA, are presented. The study site is contaminated with large quantities of DNAPL waste products. Source characterization data indicated that chlorinated ethene and ethane compounds are the major contaminants of concern. This case study illustrates the steps involved in implementing the U.S. EPA's [U.S. EPA, 1998. Technical protocol for evaluating natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents in ground water, by Wiedmeier, T.H., Swnason, M.A., Moutoux, D.E., Gordon, E.K., Wilson, J.T., Wilson, B.H., Kampbell, D.H., Hass, P.E., Miller, R.N., Hansen, J. E., Chapelle, F.H., Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/R-98/128] monitored natural attenuation (MNA) screening protocol at this chlorinated solvent site. In the first stage of the MNA assessment process, the field data collected from four monitoring wells located in different parts of the plume were used to complete a biodegradation scoring analysis recommended by the protocol. The analysis indicates that the site has the potential for natural attenuation. In the second stage, a detailed conceptual model was developed to identify various contaminant transport pathways and exposure points. The U.S. EPA model and BIOCHLOR was used to assess whether the contaminants are attenuating at a reasonable rate along these transport paths so that MNA can be considered as a feasible remedial option for the site. The site data along with the modeling results indicate that the chlorinated ethene and chlorinated ethane plumes are degrading and will attenuate within 1000 ft down gradient from the source, well before reaching the identified exposure point. Therefore, MNA can be considered as one of the feasible remediation options for the site. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Australia, Dept Environm Engn, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NPC Serv Inc, Baton Rouge, LA 70807 USA. RP Clement, TP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 162 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00079-7 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00079-7 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 612PL UT WOS:000179084600008 PM 12683643 ER PT J AU Magnano, E Cepek, C Gardonio, S Allieri, B Baek, I Vescovo, E Roca, L Avila, J Betti, MG Mariani, C Sancrotti, M AF Magnano, E Cepek, C Gardonio, S Allieri, B Baek, I Vescovo, E Roca, L Avila, J Betti, MG Mariani, C Sancrotti, M TI Sn on InSb(100)-c(2x8): growth morphology and electronic structure SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE tin; photoemission spectroscopy; low energy electron diffraction ID ALPHA-SN; PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE; SYSTEM AB The growth morphology of Sn on InSb(100)-c(2x8) has been studied by means of Photoemission Spectroscopy (PES), and Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED). The crucial role of the substrate temperature and of the Sn evaporation rate, in order to epitaxially grow Sn in its alpha-phase, has been investigated in detail. By carefully choosing these parameters a high-quality thick film (similar to70 Angstrom) of alpha-Sn has been obtained. The a-Sn surface presents a semimetallic character and a (2x1)-2 domains reconstruction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INFM, Lab Nazl TASC, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Brescia, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-25123 Brescia, Italy. Univ Brescia, Lab Strutturist Chim, I-25123 Brescia, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE, F-91898 Orsay, France. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, INFM, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. RP Magnano, E (reprint author), INFM, Lab Nazl TASC, Strada Statale 14,Km 163-5 Basovizza, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RI Betti, Maria Grazia/F-5410-2011; mariani, carlo/L-7344-2013; Cepek, Cinzia/K-9166-2014 OI Betti, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-6244-0306; Cepek, Cinzia/0000-0002-9195-7611 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 35 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00169-X DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00169-X PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 626ZJ UT WOS:000179903400004 ER PT J AU Lanzara, A Bogdanov, PV Zhou, XJ Eisaki, H Yoshida, T Fujimori, A Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Lanzara, A Bogdanov, PV Zhou, XJ Eisaki, H Yoshida, T Fujimori, A Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI Coupling of quasiparticles to phonons in high temperature superconductors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE ARPES; electronic structure; quasiparticles; collective mode; scattering rate ID OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; PHOTOEMISSION; DISPERSION; ENERGY; SCALE; STATE AB A detailed study of the quasiparticle excitations by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy is reported in three different families of high temperature superconductors. The data show the coupling of quasiparticles to phonons in the range of 50-80 meV. The effect persists above the critical temperature and shows a slight decrease as we increase doping. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Lanzara, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 41 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00170-6 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00170-6 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 626ZJ UT WOS:000179903400005 ER PT J AU Anderson, IE Cook, BA Harringa, J Terpstra, RL AF Anderson, IE Cook, BA Harringa, J Terpstra, RL TI Microstructural modifications and properties of Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints induced by alloying SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lead-Free Solders and Materials Issues in Microelectronic Packaging CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE Sn-Ag-Cu solder; Sn-Ag eutectic solder; joint microstructure; joint shear strength; Cu-Sn intermetallics; Sn dendrites AB Slow cooling (1-3degreesC/sec) of Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu-X (X = Fe, Co) solder-joint specimens, made by hand soldering, simulated reflow in a surface-mount assembly to achieve similar as-solidified Joint microstructures for realistic shear-strength testing, using Sn-3.5Ag (wt.%) as a baseline. Consistent with predictions from a recent Sn-Ag-Cu ternary phase-diagram study, either Sn dendrites, Ag3Sn primary phase, or Cu6Sn5 primary phase were formed during solidification of joint samples made from the selected near-eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu alloys. Minor substitution of Co for Cu in Sn-3.7Ag-0.9Cu refined the Joint-matrix microstructure by an apparent catalysis effect on the Cu6Sn5 phase, whereas Fe substitution promoted extreme refinement of the Sn-dendritic phase. Ambient-temperature shear strength was reduced by Sn dendrites in the joint microstructure, especially coarse dendrites in solute poor Sn-Ag-Cu, e.g., Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu, while Sn-3.7Ag-0.9Cu with Co and Fe additions have increased shear strength. At elevated (150degreesC) temperature, no significant difference exists between the maximum shear-strength values of all of the alloys studied. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1166 EP 1174 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0006-x PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 617PA UT WOS:000179369000006 ER PT J AU Cook, BA Anderson, IE Harringa, JL Terpstra, RL AF Cook, BA Anderson, IE Harringa, JL Terpstra, RL TI Effect of heat treatment on the electrical resistivity of near-eutectic Sn-Ag-CuPb-free solder alloys SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lead-Free Solders and Materials Issues in Microelectronic Packaging CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE Pb-free solder; electrical resistivity; heat treatment; microstructure AB The electrical resistivity of solder joints prepared from Sn-Ag, Sn-Ag-Cu, and Sn-Ag-Cu-X alloys (where X = Co, Fe, or Bi) was characterized by a four-point probe technique and interpreted in terms of microstructure and composition. The resistivity is also reported of drawn solid wires of these alloys. The solder-joint samples were prepared by hand soldering to copper substrates and were electrically characterized over a temperature range from 293-423 K, covering the anticipated range of elevated-temperature operation for Pb-free solders. Selected joint specimens were measured before and after a 72-h heat treatment at 423 K. Metallographic inspection of the solder joints was performed to characterize coarsening effects and to determine the degree to which these changes affected electrical conduction. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cook, BA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1190 EP 1194 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0009-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 617PA UT WOS:000179369000009 ER PT J AU McCabe, RJ Fine, ME AF McCabe, RJ Fine, ME TI High creep resistance tin-based alloys for soldering applications SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lead-Free Solders and Materials Issues in Microelectronic Packaging CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE Sn-Sb; Sn-In-Sb; lead-free solder; creep resistance ID COMPOSITE; BEHAVIOR; JOINTS AB Tin-antimony and tin-indium-antimony alloys made using relatively simple processing steps are discussed as potential creep-resistant, lead-free solders. The intermetallic SbSn forms a very advantageous distribution of high aspect-ratio whiskers, providing a significant composite strengthening effect that is relatively unaffected by aging at temperatures below 100degreesC. The intermetallic InSb is even more effective than SbSn per volume fraction. Evidently, strong interactions between dislocations and InSb particles are the origin of the creep-rate reduction. Compared to other potential creep-resistant solder alloys, the creep properties of the Sn-Sb and Sn-In-Sb alloys compare favorably, particularly the high volume-fraction Sn-Sb alloys. It is suggested that even better creep resistance could be achieved in alloys containing distributions of both InSb particles and SbSn whiskers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP McCabe, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Fine, Morris/B-7516-2009 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1276 EP 1282 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0021-y PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 617PA UT WOS:000179369000021 ER PT J AU Lin, ZQ de Souza, M Pickering, IJ Terry, N AF Lin, ZQ de Souza, M Pickering, IJ Terry, N TI Evaluation of the macroalga, muskgrass, for the phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated agricultural drainage water by microcosms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; VOLATILIZATION; WETLAND; SPECIATION; SELENATE; REMOVAL; SYSTEM; PLANTS; SOIL AB Previous field studies suggested that the macroalga, muskgrass (Chara canescens Desv. & Lois), plays an important role in the removal of selenium (Se) from agricultural drainage water. This study evaluated the efficiency of Se removal from drainage water by musk-grass-vegetated wetland microcosms, and determined the extent to which muskgrass removed Se through phytoextraction and hiovolatilization. Six flow-through wetland microcosms were continuously supplied with drainage water containing an average Se concentration of 22 mug L-1 over a 24-d experimental period. The Se mass input and outflow and the rate of Se volatilization were monitored daily for each microcosm. Three microcosms containing muskgrass reduced the daily mass Se input in the inflow drainage water by 72.1%; this compared with a reduction of 50.6% of the mass Se input for three unvegetated control microcosms. Selenium accumulated in muskgrass tissues accounted for 1.9% of the total mass Se input in the microcosm, followed by 0.5% via biological volatilization. The low rates of Se volatilization from selenate-supplied muskgrass, which were 10-fold less than from selenite, were probably due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of Se in muskgrass. This conclusion was derived from X-ray absorption spectroscopy speciation analysis, which showed that muskgrass treated with selenite contained 91% of the total Se in organic forms (selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in muskgrass treated with selenate. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Terry, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 2104 EP 2110 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NH UT WOS:000181953300039 PM 12469862 ER PT J AU Chuang, CC Penner, JE Prospero, JM Grant, KE Rau, GH Kawamoto, K AF Chuang, CC Penner, JE Prospero, JM Grant, KE Rau, GH Kawamoto, K TI Cloud susceptibility and the first aerosol indirect forcing: Sensitivity to black carbon and aerosol concentrations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EFFECTIVE-MEDIUM APPROXIMATIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; GLOBAL INVENTORY; EFFECTIVE-RADIUS; SOLAR-RADIATION AB [1] Present-day global anthropogenic emissions contribute more than half of the mass in submicron particles primarily due to sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol components derived from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. These anthropogenic aerosols increase cloud drop number concentration and cloud albedo. Here, we use an improved version of the fully coupled climate/chemistry models to investigate cloud susceptibility and the first indirect effect of anthropogenic aerosols (the Twomey effect). We examine the correspondence between the model simulation of cloud susceptibility and that inferred from satellite measurements to test whether our simulated aerosol concentrations and aerosol/cloud interactions give a faithful representation of these features. This comparison provides an overall measure of the adequacy of cloud cover and drop concentrations. We also address the impact of black carbon absorption in clouds on the first indirect forcing and examine the sensitivity of the forcing to different representations of natural aerosols. We find that including this absorption does not change the global forcing by more than 0.07 W m(-2), but that locally it could decrease the forcing by as much as 0.7 W m(-2) in regions where black carbon emissions are pronounced. Because of the nonlinear relationship between cloud drop number and aerosol number concentrations, the total forcing does not equal the sum of the forcing from each individual source. Our estimated total first indirect forcing is -1.85 W m(-2), with -0.30 W m(-2) associated with anthropogenic sulfate, -1.16 W m(-2) associated with carbonaceous aerosols from biomass burning, and -0.52 W m(-2) associated with carbonaceous aerosols from fossil fuel combustion. Estimates of forcing by sulfate and total carbonaceous aerosols increase to -0.31 and -1.67 W m(-2), respectively, if natural emissions of organic aerosols are only 8.4 Tg yr(-1), but decrease to -0.26 and -1.27 W m(-2) if they are as large as 42 Tg yr(-1). Even larger estimates of forcing are derived if dust and sea-salt emissions are not included. The effect of aerosol abundance on cloud life cycle may be important but is not treated in this study. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Chuang, CC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chuang@llnl.gov RI chuang, cathy/H-4814-2012; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; OI Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 NR 76 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D21 AR 4564 DI 10.1029/2000JD000215 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643KK UT WOS:000180860300016 ER PT J AU Davis, SM Suszcynsky, DM Light, TEL AF Davis, SM Suszcynsky, DM Light, TEL TI FORTE observations of optical emissions from lightning: Optical properties and discrimination capability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE lightning; optical emissions; satellite observations ID SIGNATURES; THUNDERSTORMS AB Lightning type identification of temporally coincident optical-VHF time series event pairs collected by the Fast On-orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite's photodiode detector (PDD) and VHF instrument allows for the investigation of optical properties as a function of lightning type. General trends in the peak optical irradiance and characteristic pulse widths of PDD-VHF coincident events are studied as a function of lightning type, using previously established techniques to identify lightning type based on VHF spectogram-power time series. While lightning type cannot be identified from optical data alone, there are several notable features in the optical record. The distribution of observed characteristic widths of PDD events has a cutoff near 200 mus, which represents a lower limit on the combination of intrinsic optical emission time and pulse broadening due to photon scattering in the intervening clouds. Events with the highest peak optical irradiances observed at FORTE are typically positive initial return strokes. Also, the median value of peak optical irradiance for cloud-to-ground lightning events is more than double that for in-cloud lightning. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, NIS-1,MS D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tlavezzi@lanl.gov RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D21 AR 4579 DI 10.1029/2002JD002434 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643KK UT WOS:000180860300031 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR Shao, XM AF Jacobson, AR Shao, XM TI FORTE satellite observations of very narrow radiofrequency pulses associated with the initiation of negative cloud-to-ground lightning strokes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE lightning; convection; remote sensing ID FIRST RETURN STROKES; EASTERN NEW-YORK; DETECTION NETWORK; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; RADIATION; FIELDS; PAIRS; PHENOMENOLOGY; FREQUENCY; ONSET AB [1] The FORTE satellite's radiofreqency receiver/recorder system has been used to study extremely narrow (similar to100 ns width) radiofrequency pulses accompanying the initiation of negative cloud-to-ground strokes. These pulses have been observed from the ground for over two decades. The FORTE space-based observations are substantially consistent with the prior ground-based results, at least in regard to pulsewidth, distance-scaled pulse amplitude, and the pulses' basic association with negative cloud-to-ground strokes, relative to either positive cloud-to-ground or intracloud strokes. New results from the FORTE observations include (1) information on the radiation pattern (versus elevation angle), (2) the tendency of the underlying fast-pulse radiation process to occur preferentially in marine, rather than dry-land, locations, and (3) the high degree of linear polarization of the radiated signal. These three new results were not accessible to ground-based measurements, which do not sample elevation angles other than zero, whose signal distortion with overland propagation paths (at zero elevation angle) tends to confuse the issue of the (land versus sea) location affinity of the pulse source itself, and whose received signal is a fortiori linearly polarized because of the adjacent ground plane. The narrow radiofrequency pulse that accompanies negative cloud-to-ground strokes provides a useful identifier, in the satellite's radiofrequency datastream, of the occurrence of this particular kind of stroke. Additionally, the observations reported here indicate that the radiating element is a single, vertical current stalk, rather than a collection of randomly oriented, mutually incoherent dipoles, such as are believed to be responsible for most very high frequency signals from lightning. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ajacobson@lanl.gov; xshao@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D22 AR 4661 DI 10.1029/2001JD001542 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643NN UT WOS:000180867500062 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Abdul-Razzak, H AF Zhang, Y Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Abdul-Razzak, H TI Impact of aerosol size representation on modeling aerosol-cloud interactions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol-cloud interactions; modal size representation; sectional size representation; aerosol activation; ACE-2; MIRAGE ID MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; REGIONAL AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE MODEL; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; ACE-2; PARAMETERIZATION; ACTIVATION AB [1] We use a one-dimensional version of a climate-aerosol- chemistry model with both modal and sectional aerosol size representations to evaluate the impact of aerosol size representation on modeling aerosol-cloud interactions in shallow stratiform clouds observed during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment. Both the modal (with prognostic aerosol number and mass or prognostic aerosol number, surface area and mass, referred to as the Modal-NM and Modal-NSM) and the sectional approaches (with 12 and 36 sections) predict total number and mass for interstitial and activated particles that are generally within several percent of references from a high-resolution 108-section approach. The modal approach with prognostic aerosol mass but diagnostic number (referred to as the Modal-M) cannot accurately predict the total particle number and surface areas, with deviations from the references ranging from 7 to 161%. The particle size distributions are sensitive to size representations, with normalized absolute differences of up to 12% and 37% for the 36- and 12-section approaches, and 30%, 39%, and 179% for the Modal-NSM, Modal-NM, and Modal-M, respectively. For the Modal-NSM and Modal-NM, differences from the references are primarily due to the inherent assumptions and limitations of the modal approach. In particular, they cannot resolve the abrupt size transition between the interstitial and activated aerosol fractions. For the 12- and 36-section approaches, differences are largely due to limitations of the parameterized activation for nonlognormal size distributions, plus the coarse resolution for the 12- section case. Differences are larger both with higher aerosol (i.e., less complete activation) and higher SO2 concentrations (i.e., greater modification of the initial aerosol distribution). C1 Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 2682 Bishop Dr,Suite 120, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. EM yzhang@aer.com; richard.easter@pnl.gov; steve.ghan@pnl.gov; h-abdul-razzak@tamuk.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 50 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D21 AR 4558 DI 10.1029/2001JD001549 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643KK UT WOS:000180860300010 ER PT J AU Schuh, CA Dunand, DC AF Schuh, CA Dunand, DC TI Transformation superplasticity of water ice and ice containing SiO2 particulates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE water ice; creep; phase transformation; superplasticity ID MISMATCH PLASTICITY; PLANETARY CONDITIONS; COMPOSITES; TITANIUM; TI-6AL-4V; RHEOLOGY AB [1] Transformation superplasticity is a deformation mechanism that occurs during the phase transformation of an externally stressed material. Pressure-induced transformation superplasticity, which has long been postulated to occur in olivine in the Earth's interior, is shown to take place in water ice. Pure ice specimens were subjected to hydrostatic pressure cycling between 0 and 300 MPa to reversibly induce the I/II transformation (at 220 or 230 K) or the I/III transformation (at 240 K). When a small uniaxial compressive stress was applied during cycling, the specimens exhibited a uniaxial compressive strain (as large as 22% after a single cycle) proportional to the applied stress, in agreement with observations and theory for transformation superplasticity of metals and ceramics, induced by polymorphic thermal cycling. Additionally, specimens of ice containing 10 vol% SiO2 were deformed by this mechanism during the I/II transformation at 230 K. The presence of silica particles was found to enhance the deformation, rather than strengthen the ice. These experimental results are discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of existing models of transformation superplasticity and implications for the lithosphere rheology of the icy moons of the outer planets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Schuh, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 7000 East Ave,L-350, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS E11 AR 5101 DI 10.1029/2001JE001840 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 639RQ UT WOS:000180643400011 ER PT J AU Merkel, S Wenk, HR Shu, JF Shen, GY Gillet, P Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Merkel, S Wenk, HR Shu, JF Shen, GY Gillet, P Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI Deformation of polycrystalline MgO at pressures of the lower mantle SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE MgO; high pressure; texture; anisotropy; deformation; elastic constants ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL MGO; QUANTITATIVE TEXTURE ANALYSIS; EARTHS INNER-CORE; 100 110 SYSTEMS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; IONIC-CRYSTALS; ULTRASONIC INTERFEROMETRY; THEORETICAL EXAMINATION; PREFERRED ORIENTATION AB [1] Room temperature investigations on the shear strength, elastic moduli, elastic anisotropy, and deformation mechanisms of MgO (periclase) are performed in situ up to pressures of 47 GPa using radial X-ray diffraction and the diamond anvil cell. The calculated elastic moduli are in agreement with previous Brillouin spectroscopy studies. The uniaxial stress component in the polycrystalline MgO sample is found to increase rapidly to 8.5(+/-1) GPa at a pressure of 10(+/-1) GPa in all experiments. Under axial compression, a strong cube texture develops which was recorded in situ. It is probable that the preferred orientation of MgO is due to deformation by slip. A comparison between the experimental textures and results from polycrystal plasticity suggest that the {110} [1 (1) over bar0] is the only significantly active slip system under very high confining pressure at room temperature. These data demonstrate the feasibility of analyzing elastic moduli, shear strength, and deformation mechanisms under pressures relevant for the Earth's lower mantle. Implications for the anisotropy and rheology of the lower mantle are discussed. C1 Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Merkel, S (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. EM sebastien.merkel@ens-lyon.fr RI Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011; Merkel, Sebastien/E-5501-2011 OI Merkel, Sebastien/0000-0003-2767-581X NR 82 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS B11 AR 2271 DI 10.1029/2001JB000920 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 637RR UT WOS:000180527200006 ER PT J AU Patton, HJ Randall, GE AF Patton, HJ Randall, GE TI On the causes of biased estimates of seismic moment for earthquakes in central Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE seismic moment; body waves; surface waves; inversion; source mechanism; central Asia ID TIEN-SHAN; DEPTH DETERMINATION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; NETWORK; SEISMOGRAMS; CALIBRATION; INVERSION; BENEATH; TENSOR; CHINA AB [1] Comparisons of seismic moment M-0 in Harvard's centroid moment tensor (CMT) catalog with M-0 estimated from regional surface waves reveal a systematic discrepancy of about a factor of 2 for earthquakes located in western China. Causes of the discrepancy are investigated with analyses of observations and with calculations of Green's function responses for relevant Earth models. The PREM model used in CMT inversions is characterized by a thin, high-velocity crust, unlike tectonic structures in western China, while ASIA, used for modeling surface waves, was developed for this region. Analyses of teleseismic body wave synthetics for models similar to PREM and ASIA show that medium properties, source radiation patterns, and the presence of interfering phases introduce systematic amplitude variations. Inversions of synthetic data were carried out to simulate features of observed M-0 residuals, log[M-0 (reg)/M-0 (CMT)], which are (1) a bias of -0.24 +/- 0.04 log units for dip-slip events with m(b) 6 to 6.8, (2) a tendency for bias to increase with decreasing mb, and (3) a mechanism dependence, where residuals are large for high-angle, dip-slip events and small for vertical strike-slip events. Residuals for small events scatter more, probably due to larger errors in source depth and mechanism affecting both M0 estimates. Results of inverting synthetics mimic magnitude and mechanism dependences but underestimate the bias in feature 1. Rather than impugn the integrity of CMT catalogs, this study sheds light on uncertainties introduced by limitations of the methodology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Patton, HJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, D408, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM patton@lanl.gov; ger@geophysics.lanl.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS B11 AR 2302 DI 10.1029/2001JB000351 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 637RR UT WOS:000180527200037 ER PT J AU Lyons, LR Zesta, E Xu, Y Sanchez, ER Samson, JC Reeves, GD Ruohoniemi, JM Sigwarth, JB AF Lyons, LR Zesta, E Xu, Y Sanchez, ER Samson, JC Reeves, GD Ruohoniemi, JM Sigwarth, JB TI Auroral poleward boundary intensifications and tail bursty flows: A manifestation of a large-scale ULF oscillation? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE poleward boundary intensifications; tail flows; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; ULF pulsations ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; HF RADAR OBSERVATIONS; WAVE-GUIDE MODES; PLASMA SHEET; ALFVEN WAVES; NIGHTSIDE IONOSPHERE; BULK FLOWS; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOTAIL; SUBSTORM AB [1] Auroral zone observations often show significant ULF power. We have analyzed auroral and plasma sheet observations during two prolonged periods of strongly southward and relatively steady interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We find evidence that auroral poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs), which have large intensity and occur repetitively throughout such periods, may be a manifestation of a large-scale ULF oscillation mode that strongly perturbs the plasma sheet and the auroral ionosphere. If this is correct, then ULF modes would be a major component of tail dynamics, of magnetosphere coupling to the ionosphere, and of auroral zone disturbances during periods of enhanced convection. They would simultaneously affect a large region of the nightside, extending along auroral zone field lines from the ionosphere to the equatorial plasma sheet and extending from field lines that lie near the magnetic separatrix to, at times, as close to the Earth as synchronous orbit. They would also occasionally have amplitudes as large as the changes that occur in association with other auroral zone disturbances such as substorms. Here we have found peak-to-peak amplitudes as high as several hundred nanoteslas in ground X, an order of magnitude in synchronous energetic proton fluxes, similar to20-40 nT in synchronous magnetic field components, similar to20 nT in tail magnetic field components, similar to1000 km/s in tail flow speeds, and similar to400 m/s in ionospheric flow speed. We find evidence for significant power at 0.5-0.7 mHz (similar to25-30 min period), significant power at a possible second harmonic (similar to1.1-1.3 mHz), and power at frequencies that could be higher harmonics simultaneously within the auroral ionosphere and within the nightside plasma sheet. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM larry@atmos.ucla.edu RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS A11 AR 1352 DI 10.1029/2001JA000242 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634UU UT WOS:000180360500019 ER PT J AU Nishimura, K Gary, SP Li, H AF Nishimura, K Gary, SP Li, H TI Whistler anisotropy instability: Wave-particle scattering rate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; ION TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; INVERSE CORRELATION; BETA; PLASMA; MAGNETOSHEATH AB [1] An electron temperature anisotropy T-perpendicular toe > T-parallel toe (where perpendicular to and parallel to refer to directions relative to the background magnetic field) can excite the whistler anisotropy instability in a collisionless plasma. The resulting enhanced fluctuating magnetic fields scatter the electrons and reduce the anisotropy. We use particle-in-cell simulations in a spatially homogeneous plasma model to compute the maximum values of the wave-particle scattering rate for electron anisotropy reduction. This rate scales as the electron cyclotron frequency but, for a fixed initial growth rate, is relatively independent of the electron temperature if k(B)T(e) less than or equal to 5 keV For larger electron temperatures, the scattering rate decreases with increasing T-e, suggesting that relativistic effects play a role. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nishimura, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS A11 AR 1375 DI 10.1029/2002JA009250 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634UU UT WOS:000180360500042 ER PT J AU Onsager, TG Rostoker, G Kim, HJ Reeves, GD Obara, T Singer, HJ Smithtro, C AF Onsager, TG Rostoker, G Kim, HJ Reeves, GD Obara, T Singer, HJ Smithtro, C TI Radiation belt electron flux dropouts: Local time, radial, and particle-energy dependence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation belt; energetic electrons; flux dropouts; magnetosphere; storms and substorms ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETIC STORMS; PREDICTION; SUBSTORM; WIND AB [1] The radiation belt electrons in Earth's magnetosphere exhibit substantial variability driven by changing solar wind conditions. The electron dynamics are due to a number of different adiabatic and nonadiabatic processes that can result in rapid increases and decreases in the particle flux levels. In this paper we present observations of abrupt flux decreases driven by a moderate geomagnetic storm. The particle dynamics are found to have significant local time and energy dependence that developed over roughly a 10-hour period beginning with the onset of the storm. The electrons with energies greater than 2 MeV dropped fairly abruptly at various local times, but not simultaneously at different local times. It is shown that the initial flux dropout was due to the development of local taillike magnetic field stretching, rather than due to more global processes such as ring current buildup or large-scale radial diffusion. It is also found that while the lower energy electrons (E < 300 keV) fully recovered by the end of the storm, the >2 MeV electrons were lost from the magnetosphere and did not recover. These results indicate that the initial dropout of the radiation belt electrons at geostationary orbit was controlled by the adiabatic response to localized changes in the geomagnetic field that develop over many hours, but that eventually nonadiabatic processes acted to cause the loss of electrons from the magnetosphere. It is also shown that during geomagnetically quiet conditions, the energetic electron flux can remain at nearly constant levels for as long as I week, suggesting that in the absence of geomagnetic activity either the outer radiation belt electron loss rate becomes quite small or the loss and growth rates are balanced. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Aichi 4428507, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Commun Res Labs, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. RP Onsager, TG (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 25 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS A11 AR 1382 DI 10.1029/2001JA000187 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634UU UT WOS:000180360500049 ER PT J AU Ganor, OJ Varadarajan, U AF Ganor, OJ Varadarajan, U TI Nonlocal effects on D-branes in plane-wave backgrounds SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE duality in gauge field theories; D-branes; penrose limit and pp-wave background ID PP-WAVE; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; ALGEBRAS; STRINGS; FIELD AB We argue that the effective field theory on D3-branes in a plane-wave background with 3-form flux is a nonlocal deformation of Yang-Mills theory. In the case of NSNS flux, it is a dipole field theory with lightlike dipole vectors. For an RR 3-form flux the dipole theory is strongly coupled. We propose a weakly coupled S-dual description for it. The S-dual description is local at any finite order in string perturbation theory but becomes nonlocal when all perturbation theory orders are summed together. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ganor, OJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM origa@socrates.berkeley.edu; udayv@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 IS 11 AR 051 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 639RH UT WOS:000180642700051 ER PT J AU Hubeny, VE Rangamani, M AF Hubeny, VE Rangamani, M TI No horizons in pp-waves SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Penrose limit and pp-wave background; classical theories of gravity; black holes ID STRING TRAVELING-WAVES; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; BLACK-HOLES; LIMITS AB We argue that pp-wave backgrounds can not admit event horizons. We also comment on pp-wave generalizations which would admit horizons and show that there exists a black string solution which asymptotes to a five dimensional plane wave background. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hubeny, VE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM veronika@itp.stanford.edu; mukund@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 IS 11 AR 021 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 639RH UT WOS:000180642700021 ER PT J AU Kaloper, N Kleban, M Lawrence, A Shenker, S Susskind, L AF Kaloper, N Kleban, M Lawrence, A Shenker, S Susskind, L TI Initial conditions for inflation SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology of theories beyond the SM; physics of the early universe ID DE-SITTER SPACE; DENSITY PERTURBATIONS; SCALAR FIELD; COSMOLOGICAL MODELS; UNIVERSE SCENARIO; FLUCTUATIONS; GENERATION; CREATION; PHYSICS; TIME AB Free scalar fields in de Sitter space have a one-parameter family of states invariant under the de Sitter group, including the standard thermal vacuum. We show that, except for the thermal vacuum, these states are unphysical when gravitational interactions are included. We apply these observations to the quantum state of the inflaton, and find that at best, dramatic fine tuning is required for states other than the thermal vacuum to lead to observable features in the CMBR anisotropy. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Brandeis Univ, Dept Phys, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. SLAC, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kaloper@stanford.edu; mkleban@stanford.edu; albion@brandeis.edu; shenker@itp.stanford.edu; susskind@leland.stanford.edu NR 67 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 IS 11 AR 037 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 639RH UT WOS:000180642700037 ER PT J AU Lawrence, A AF Lawrence, A TI On the instability of 3d null singularities SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE conformal field models in string theory; black holes in string theory; black holes ID BLACK-HOLE; STRING THEORY AB String propagation on a three-dimensional lorentzian string orbifold with a null singularity has been studied by Horowitz and Steif, and more recently by Liu, Moore and Seiberg. We analyze the target space as a classical gravitational background. The singularity becomes spacelike when an arbitrarily small amount of matter is thrown at the singularity. This can be seen directly by constructing a Vaidya-type solution, or by studying the null singularity as a limit of the M = 0, J = 0 BTZ black hole metric. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lawrence, A (reprint author), SLAC Theory Grp, MS 81,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM albion.lawrence@stanford.edu OI Lawrence, Albion/0000-0003-4116-045X NR 27 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 IS 11 AR 019 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 639RH UT WOS:000180642700019 ER PT J AU Van der Hoven, SJ Solomon, DK Moline, GR AF Van der Hoven, SJ Solomon, DK Moline, GR TI Numerical simulation of unsaturated flow along preferential pathways: implications for the use of mass balance calculations for isotope storm hydrograph separation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; hydrographs; preferential flow; saprolite; numerical model; unsaturated zone ID FORESTED HILLSLOPE; SOIL; TRANSPORT; MACROPOROSITY; GROUNDWATER; STREAMFLOW; RUNOFF; EVENTS; MODEL AB An objective common to many watershed studies is to separate storm hydrographs into two components: water that was present in the watershed prior to a storm event (soil moisture and groundwater) and water which fell on the watershed during the storm. To use this approach, a number of assumptions must be made including that the composition of water in the soil moisture and groundwater reservoirs are constant and known. The objective of this paper is to show that in settings where flow and transport are dominated by preferential pathways for flow. steady state mass balance calculations for quantitative hydrograph separation may be in error. We present field data from a site where flow and transport are dominated by preferential pathways (relict fractures in saprolite of sedimentary rocks) which indicate that the delta(18)O content of the water in the unsaturated and shallow saturated zones is not constant over the course of a storm event. We use a numerical model to further explore the interactions between the fractures and surrounding matrix. Both the field data and modeling results indicate that the delta(18)O of the previous storm event(s) has a strong influence on water in the fractures. On the time scale of a storm event. only the water in the matrix immediately surrounding the fracture mixes with water in the fracture. while the bulk of the matrix is isolated from fracture flow. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the delta(18)O in the subsurface and the isolation of the most of the matrix water from flow in fractures make the measurement of a singular delta(18)O value for subsurface reservoirs problematic and the assumption of a constant value doubtful. Since most near-surface geologic materials have preferential How paths. we suggest that quantitative hydrograph separation using mass balance techniques is not possible in most situations. Future field and modeling investigations using the approach outlined here could be designed to explore the important temporal and spatial scales of variability in watersheds, and lead to a more quantitative approach to storm hydrograph separation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Normal, IL 61701 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van der Hoven, SJ (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Normal, IL 61701 USA. RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 268 IS 1-4 BP 214 EP 233 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00178-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00178-6 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 614UQ UT WOS:000179209900015 ER PT J AU Schmidlin, F Amadesi, S Dabbagh, K Lewis, DE Knott, P Bunnett, NW Gater, PR Geppetti, P Bertrand, C Stevens, ME AF Schmidlin, F Amadesi, S Dabbagh, K Lewis, DE Knott, P Bunnett, NW Gater, PR Geppetti, P Bertrand, C Stevens, ME TI Protease-activated receptor 2 mediates eosinophil infiltration and hyperreactivity in allergic inflammation of the airway SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAST-CELL TRYPTASE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; GUINEA-PIG; THROMBIN RECEPTORS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VIVO; ASTHMA; MICE; EXPRESSION AB Trypsin and mast cell tryptase can signal to epithelial cells, myocytes, and nerve fibers of the respiratory tract by cleaving proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). Since tryptase inhibitors are under development to treat asthma, a precise understanding of the contribution of PAR2 to airway inflammation is required. We examined the role of PAR2 in allergic inflammation of the airway by comparing OVA-sensitized and -challenged mice lacking or overexpressing PAR2. In wild-type mice, immunoreactive PAR2 was detected in airway epithelial cells and myocytes, and intranasal administration of a PAR2 agonist stimulated macrophage infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. OVA challenge of immunized wild-type mice stimulated infiltration of leukocytes into bronchoalveolar lavage and induced airway hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine. Compared with wild-type animals, eosinophil infiltration was inhibited by 73% in mice lacking PAR2 and increased by 88% in mice overexpressing PAR2. Similarly, compared with wild-type animals, airway hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine (40 mug/ml) was diminished 38% in mice lacking PAR2 and increased by 52% in mice overexpressing PAR2. PAR2 deletion also reduced IgE levels to OVA sensitization by 4-fold compared with those of wild-type animals. Thus, PAR2 contributes to the development of immunity and to allergic inflammation of the airway. Our results support the proposal that tryptase inhibitors and PAR2 antagonists may be useful therapies for inflammatory airway disease. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Physiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Roche Biosci, Inflammatory & Viral Dis Unit, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dept Expt & Clin Med, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Ctr Clin Sci Res, Div Immunol Transplantat Biol,Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bunnett, NW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, 521 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43207, DK57840] NR 45 TC 221 Z9 230 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 169 IS 9 BP 5315 EP 5321 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 607DY UT WOS:000178777400078 PM 12391252 ER PT J AU Desai, D Lin, GY Morimoto, H Williams, PG El-Bayoumy, K Amin, S AF Desai, D Lin, GY Morimoto, H Williams, PG El-Bayoumy, K Amin, S TI Synthesis of (+/-) [5-H-3] N '-nitrosoanatabine, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine; synthesis; (+/-)[5-H-3]N '-nitrosoanatabine ID N-NITROSAMINES; LUNG-CANCER; ENDOGENOUS FORMATION; ALKALOIDS; CIGARETTE; CARCINOGENICITY; METABOLISM; CARCINOMA; NITRITE; SMOKING AB Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) are a unique class of systemic organ-specific carcinogens. The TSNA are formed by N-nitrosation of nicotine and of the minor tobacco alkaloids after harvesting of tobacco and during smoking. The N-nitrosation of anatabine leads to IV-nitrosoanatabine (NAT; 1-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridyl) which requires in-depth assays in laboratory animals other than the rat. Furthermore, delineation of its tissue distribution and metabolism is needed for structure: activity comparisons with other TSNA and for the assessment of potential human risk from this TSNA. We have, therefore, synthesized (+/-)[5-H-3]NAT. 5-Bromo-3-pyridine-carboxaldehyde was condensed with ethyl carbamate prior to Diels-Alder reaction with 1,4-butadiene to give the racemic anatabine ring system. Hydrolysis, followed by reduction with LiAlT4 and nitrosation, led to (+/-)[5-H-3]NAT (60% yield,specific activity 266 mCi/mmol, radiochernical purity of > 99%). Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labelling Facil 75 123, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Desai, D (reprint author), Amer Hlth Fdn, 1 Dana Rd, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. EM dhimant99@hotmail.com NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 45 IS 13 BP 1133 EP 1141 DI 10.1002/jlcr.630 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 622PP UT WOS:000179655700005 ER PT J AU Attie, AD Krauss, RM Gray-Keller, MP Brownlie, A Miyazaki, M Kastelein, JJ Lusis, AJ Stalenhoef, AFH Stoehr, JP Hayden, MR Ntambi, JM AF Attie, AD Krauss, RM Gray-Keller, MP Brownlie, A Miyazaki, M Kastelein, JJ Lusis, AJ Stalenhoef, AFH Stoehr, JP Hayden, MR Ntambi, JM TI Relationship between stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and plasma triglycerides in human and mouse hypertriglyceridemia SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE metabolic syndrome; hyperlipidemia; monounsaturated farty acids ID B-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; FATTY-ACIDS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HUMAN OBESITY; BILE-ACID AB Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is expressed at high levels in several human tissues and is required for the biosynthesis of oleate (18:1) and palmitoleate (16:1). These monounsaturated fatty acids are the major components of phospholipids, triglycerides, wax esters, and cholesterol esters. Mice with a targeted disruption of the SCD I gene have very low levels of VLDL and impaired triglyceride and cholesterol ester biosynthesis. In the HYPLIP mouse, a model of hyperlipidemia, there was a 4-fold increase in hepatic SCD activity, a 1.8-fold increase in the desaturation index, and a 2-fold increase in plasma triglycerides. We used the plasma ratio of 18:1/18:0 (the "desaturation index") as an in vivo measure of SCD activity in human subjects. In human subjects with triglycerides ranging from 0.3 to 20 mM, the desaturation ratio accounted for one-third of the variance in plasma triglyceride levels. A 2-fold increase in the desaturation index was associated with a 4-fold increase in plasma triglycerides. In human subjects exposed to a high carbohydrate diet, the desaturation index explained 44% of the variance in triglycerides. We propose that many of the factors that influence plasma triglyceride levels do so by converging upon the regulation of SCD activity. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Xenon Genet Inc, Burnaby, BC, Canada. Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ British Columbia, Ctr Mol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutr Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Attie, AD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Stalenhoef, A.F.H./H-8094-2014; Hayden, Michael/D-8581-2011 OI Hayden, Michael/0000-0001-5159-1419 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL56593] NR 44 TC 244 Z9 247 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1899 EP 1907 DI 10.1194/jlr.M200189-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 616FY UT WOS:000179294500014 PM 12401889 ER PT J AU Olin-Lewis, K Krauss, RM La Belle, M Blanche, PJ Barrett, PHR Wight, TN Chait, A AF Olin-Lewis, K Krauss, RM La Belle, M Blanche, PJ Barrett, PHR Wight, TN Chait, A TI ApoC-III content of apoB-containing lipoproteins is associated with binding to the vascular proteoglycan biglycan SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein C-III; very low density lipoproteins; intermediate density lipoproteins; low density lipoproteins; atherosclerosis; charge density ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-C-III; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; LDL RECEPTOR; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC SUBJECTS; TRANSGENIC MICE; TISSUE PROTEINS AB Retention of apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoE-containing lipoproteins by extracellular vascular proteoglycans is critical in atherogenesis. Moreover, high circulating apoG-III levels are associated with increased atherosclerosis risk. To test whether apoC-III content of apoB-containing lipoproteins affects their ability to bind to the vascular proteoglycan biglycan, we evaluated the impact of apoC-III on the interaction of [S-35]SO4-biglycan derived from cultured arterial smooth muscle cells with lipoproteins obtained from. individuals across a spectrum of lipid concentrations. The extent of biglycan binding correlated positively with apoC-III levels within VLDL (r = 0.78, P < 0.01), IDL (r = 0.67, P < 0.01), and LDL (r = 0.52, P < 0.05). Moreover, the biglycan binding of VLDL, IDL, and LDL was reduced after depletion of apoC-III-containing lipoprotein particles in plasma by anti-apoC-Ill immunoaffinity chromatography. Since apoG-III does not bind biglycan directly, enhanced biglycan binding may result from a conformational change associated with increased apo GIII content by which apoB and/or apoE become more accessible to proteoglycans. This may be an intrinsic property of lipoproteins, since exogenous apoC-III enrichment of LDL and VLDL did not increase binding. ApoC-III content may thus be a marker for lipoproteins characterized as having an increased ability to bind proteoglycans. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Donner Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Med, Perth, WA 6847, Australia. Western Australia Inst Med Res, Perth, WA 6847, Australia. RP Chait, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL18754, HL30086]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02456, DK35816-16]; PHS HHS [12609] NR 52 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1969 EP 1977 DI 10.1194/jlr.M200322-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 616FY UT WOS:000179294500021 PM 12401896 ER PT J AU Hu, JZ Wind, RA AF Hu, JZ Wind, RA TI The evaluation of different MAS techniques at low spinning rates in aqueous samples and in the presence of magnetic susceptibility gradients SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE magic angle spinning; magic angle turning; magnetic susceptibility; 2D-PASS; PHORMAT; TOSS ID TENSOR PRINCIPAL VALUES; HIGH-RESOLUTION H-1-NMR; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; AMPLITUDE-MODULATION; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ANGLE; TISSUE; H-1; DIFFUSION; SOLIDS AB It was recently demonstrated that the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) linewidths for stationary biological samples are dictated mainly by magnetic susceptibility gradients, and that phase-altered spinning sideband (PASS) and phase-corrected magic angle turning (PHORMAT) solid-state NMR techniques employing slow and ultra-slow magic angle spinning (MAS) frequencies can be used to overcome the static susceptibility broadening to yield high-resolution, spinning sideband (SSB)-free H-1 NMR spectra [Magn. Reson. Med. 46 (2001) 213; 147 (2002) 829]. An additional concern is that molecular diffusion in the presence of the susceptibility gradients may limit the minimum useful MAS frequency by broadening the lines and reducing SSB suppression at low spinning frequencies. In this article the performance of PASS, PHORMAT, total sideband suppression (TOSS), and standard MAS techniques were evaluated as a function of spinning frequency. To this end, 300 MHz (7.05T) H-1 NMR spectra were acquired via PASS, TOSS, PHORMAT, and standard MAS NMR techniques for a 230-mum-diameter spherical glass bead pack saturated with water. The resulting strong magnetic susceptibility gradients result in a static linewidth of about 3.7 kHz that is larger than observed for a natural biological sample, constituting a worst-case scenario for examination of susceptibility broadening effects. Results: (I) TOSS produces a distorted centerband and fails in suppressing the SSBs at a spinning rate below similar to1 kHz. (II) Standard MAS requires spinning speeds above a few hundred Hz to separate the centerband from the SSBs. (III) PASS produces nearly SSB-free spectra at spinning speeds as low as 30 Hz, and is only limited by T-2-induced signal losses. (IV) With PHORMAT, a SSB-free isotropic projection is obtained at any spinning rate, even at an ultra-slow spinning rate as slow as I Hz. (V) It is found empirically that the width of the isotropic peak is proportional to F-x, where F is the spinning frequency, and x = 2 for MAS, 0.84 for PASS, and 0.5 for PHORMAT. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wind, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 159 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 AR PII S1090-7807(02)00005-8 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 627XE UT WOS:000179961100012 ER PT J AU Pedraza, AJ Fowlkes, JD Blom, DA Meyer, HM AF Pedraza, AJ Fowlkes, JD Blom, DA Meyer, HM TI Laser-induced nanoparticle ordering SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC SURFACE-STRUCTURE; SILICON PARTICLES; WAVE SCATTERING; LIGHT-EMISSION; INERT-GAS; ABLATION; ATMOSPHERES; ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ILLUMINATION AB Nanoparticles were produced on the surface of silicon upon pulsed-laser irradiation in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere at fluences close to the melting threshold. It was observed that nanoparticle formation required redeposition of ablated material. Redeposition took place in the form of a thin film intermixed with extremely small nanoparticles possibly formed in the gas phase. Through the use of nonpolarized laser light, it was shown that nanoparticles, fairly uniform in size, became grouped into curvilinear strings distributed with a short-range ordering. Microstructuring of part of the surface prior to the laser treatment had the remarkable effect of producing nanoparticles lying along straight and fairly long (approximately I mm) lines, whose spacing equaled the laser wavelength for normal beam incidence. In this work, it is shown that the use of polarized light eliminated the need of an aiding agent: nanoparticle alignment ensued under similar laser treatment conditions. The phenomenon of nanoparticle alignment bears a striking similarity with the phenomenon of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), obeying the same dependence of line spacing upon light wavelength and beam angle of incidence as the grating spacing in LIPSS. The new results strongly support the proposition that the two phenomena, LIPSS and laser-induced nanoparticle alignment, evolve as a result of the same light interference mechanism. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pedraza, AJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2815 EP 2822 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0409 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 611XJ UT WOS:000179042900013 ER PT J AU Devi, PS Lee, Y Margolis, J Parise, JB Sampath, S Herman, H Hanson, JC AF Devi, PS Lee, Y Margolis, J Parise, JB Sampath, S Herman, H Hanson, JC TI Comparison of citrate-nitrate gel combustion and precursor plasma spray processes for the synthesis of yttrium aluminum garnet SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; PHASE; YAG; POWDERS AB The influence of synthesis conditions on the formation of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powders starting from the same solution precursors was investigated by employing a citrate-nitrate gel combustion process and a precursor plasma spraying technique. YAG powders were formed at greater than or equal to500 degreesC, through the citrate-nitrate gel combustion process, without any intermediate phase formation. Time-resolved x-ray experiments were performed for the first time on these citrate-nitrate precursor materials to understand their mode of decomposition. The in situ data confirmed a single-step conversion to YAG from the precursor powder without any intermediate phase formation. Ex situ experiments also produced similar results. However, the use of the same citrate-nitrate precursor solution as a liquid feedstock material in the precursor plasma spraying technique revealed an entirely different transformation mechanism to YAG through intermediate phases like H-YAlO3 and O-YAlO3. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Devi, PS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2846 EP 2851 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0413 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 611XJ UT WOS:000179042900017 ER PT J AU Neubrand, A Chung, TJ Rodel, J Steffler, ED Fett, T AF Neubrand, A Chung, TJ Rodel, J Steffler, ED Fett, T TI Residual stresses in functionally graded plates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT MATERIALS; WEIGHT FUNCTION; COMPOSITES; ALUMINA; STRAINS AB Macroscopic residual stresses in Al2O3/Al plates of graded composition were determined experimentally and by the finite element method (FEM). Experimental stress data were determined by sawing a notch in the plates and measuring displacements by Moire interferometry. Residual stresses were calculated from the displacements using the weight function method. Experimentally determined stresses agreed with FEM data only if measured thermomechanical. properties for the different compositions were used for finite element calculations. C1 Univ Technol Dresden, Dept Mat Sci, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMF 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Neubrand, A (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst Werkstoffmech, Wohlerstr 11, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2912 EP 2920 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0422 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 611XJ UT WOS:000179042900026 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Jiang, W Weber, WJ Thomas, LE AF Wang, CM Jiang, W Weber, WJ Thomas, LE TI Defect clustering in GaN irradiated with O+ ions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOMBARDMENT; DISORDER; DAMAGE AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study microstructures formed in GaN irradiated with 600-keV O+ ions at room temperature. Three types of defect clusters were identified in the irradiated GaN: (i) basal-plane stacking faults with dimensions ranging from 5 to 30 nm, (ii) pyramidal dislocation loops, and (iii) local regions of highly disordered material. High-resolution TEM imaging clearly revealed that one type of the basal-plane stacking faults corresponded to insertion of one extra Ga-N basal plane in the otherwise perfect GaN lattice. The interpretation of these results indicated that interstitials of both Ga and N preferentially condensed on the basal plane to form a new layer of Ga-N under these irradiation conditions. The formation of these extended defects and their interactions with the point defects produced during irradiation contributed to a dramatic increase in the dynamic recovery of point defects in GaN at room temperature. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2945 EP 2952 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0427 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 611XJ UT WOS:000179042900031 ER PT J AU Biefeld, RM Allerman, AA Kurtz, SR Jones, ED Fritz, IJ Sieg, RM AF Biefeld, RM Allerman, AA Kurtz, SR Jones, ED Fritz, IJ Sieg, RM TI The growth of infrared antimonide-based semiconductor lasers by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Workshop on Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy CY JUN 10-13, 2001 CL N E WALES INST, WREXHAM, WALES HO N E WALES INST ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; 1.3 MU-M; MIDINFRARED LASERS; BAND-GAP; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ACTIVE REGIONS; GAINNAS; GAAS AB We describe the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of InAsSb/InAs and GaAsSb/GaAs(P) multiple quantum well (MQW) and InAsSb/InAsP and InAsSb/InPSb strained-layer superlattice (SLS) active regions for use in mid-infrared emitters. We also describe the growth and initial characterization of GaAsSbN/GaAs MQW structures. By changing the layer thickness and composition of the InAsSb SLSs and MQWs, we have prepared structures with low temperature (<20 K) photoluminescence wavelengths ranging from 3.2 to 6.0 μm. We have made gain-guided, injection lasers using undoped, p-type AlAs(0.16)Sb(0.8)4 for optical confinement and both strained InAsSb/InAs MQW and InAsSb/ InAsP and InPSb SLS active regions. The lasers and LEDs utilize the semi-metal properties of a p-GaAsSb/n-InAs heterojunction as a source for electrons injected into the active regions. Cascaded, semi-metal, mid-infrared, injection lasers with pseudomorphic InAsSb multiple quantum well active region lasers and LEDs are reported. We also report on GaAsSb/GaAs(P) lasers and LEDs emitting at 1.1 to 1.2 μm grown on GaAs substrates and using AlGaAs layers for confinement. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Biefeld, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,M-S0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 IS 11 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1023/A:1020662226771 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 604KF UT WOS:000178619300004 ER PT J AU Schmitz, TL Beckwith, JF AF Schmitz, TL Beckwith, JF TI Acousto-optic displacement-measuring interferometer: a new heterodyne interferometer with Angstrom-level periodic error SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER INTERFEROMETER; NONLINEARITY; LINEARITY AB A concept for a new displacement-measuring interferometer has been developed. The motivation behind this work is minimization of the periodic error caused by unwanted leakage between the two frequencies in commercially available heterodyne systems. Typically, the two frequencies are carried on a single beam and separated by polarization-dependent optics. Imperfect optics, non-ideal laser heads and mechanical misalignment may cause each frequency to be leaked into both the reference and the measurement paths, ideally consisting of a single light frequency. The new polarization-independent interferometer described here uses an acousto-optic modulator as the beam splitter and eliminates the frequency leakage by spatially separating the two light beams. Bench-top experiments have shown a reduction in periodic error to 0.18 nm (1.8 Angstrom). The device description, as well as suggestions for simple architecture implementations, are presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schmitz, TL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 49 IS 13 BP 2105 EP 2114 DI 10.1080/09500340210123938 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 609CT UT WOS:000178885600005 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Grice, WP AF Kim, YH Grice, WP TI Generation of pulsed polarization-entangled two-photon state via temporal and spectral engineering SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Winter Symposium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 06-10, 2002 CL SNOWBIRD, UT ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; PHOTON PAIRS; MU-M; PERFORMANCE; INTERFERENCE; PHOTODIODES; PUMP AB The quantum state of the photon pair generated from type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion pumped by an ultrafast laser pulse exhibits strong decoherence in its polarization entanglement, an effect which can be attributed to the clock effect of the pump pulse or, equivalently, to distinguishing spectral information in the two-photon state. Here, we propose novel temporal and spectral engineering techniques to eliminate these detrimental decoherence effects. The temporal engineering of the two-photon wavefunction results in a universal Bell-state synthesizer that is independent of the choice of pump source, crystal parameters, wavelengths of the interacting photons and the bandwidth of the spectral filter. In the spectral engineering technique, the distinguishing spectral features of the two-photon state are eliminated through modifications to the two-photon source. In addition, spectral engineering also provides a means for the generation of polarization-entangled states with novel spectral characteristics: the frequency-correlated state and the frequency-uncorrelated state. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kimy@ornl.gov RI Kim, Yoonho/D-2591-2012; Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013; OI Grice, Warren/0000-0003-4266-4692 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 14-15 SI SI BP 2309 EP 2323 DI 10.1080/0950034021000011455 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 641WR UT WOS:000180770500005 ER PT J AU Rochester, SM Budker, D AF Rochester, SM Budker, D TI Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in optically thick media SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Winter Symposium on the Physics of Quantum electronics CY JAN 06-10, 2002 CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH ID ATOMIC COHERENCE; ART. AB Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation is a sensitive technique for measuring magnetic fields. Here, the shot-noise-limited magnetometric sensitivity at high light power is analysed for optically thick media. Such media have been the subject of recent experimental and theoretical investigations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rochester, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 14-15 SI SI BP 2543 EP 2553 DI 10.1080/0950034021000011257 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 641WR UT WOS:000180770500022 ER PT J AU Benos, PV Lapedes, AS Stormo, GD AF Benos, PV Lapedes, AS Stormo, GD TI Probabilistic code for DNA recognition by proteins of the EGR family SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA-protein interactions; recognition code; DNA-binding specificity; zinc-finger proteins ID ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; BINDING-SITES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENE ENCODES; TARGET SITES; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; SEQUENCES; GROWTH AB A recognition code for protein-DNA interactions would allow for the prediction of binding sites based on protein sequence, and the identification of binding proteins for specific DNA targets. Crystallographic studies of protein-DNA complexes showed that a simple, deterministic recognition code does not exist. Here, we present a probabilistic recognition code (P-code) that assigns energies to all possible base-pair-amino acid interactions for the early growth response factor (EGR) family of zinc-finger transcription factors. The specific energy values are determined by a maximum likelihood method using examples from in vitro randomisation experiments (namely, SELEX and phage display) reported in the literature. The accuracy of the model is tested in several ways, including the ability to predict in vivo binding sites of EGR proteins and other non-EGR zinc-finger proteins, and the correlation between predicted and measured binding affinities of various EGR proteins to several different DNA sites. We also show that this model improves significantly upon the prediction capabilities of previous qualitative and quantitative models. The probabilistic code we develop uses information about the interacting positions between the protein and DNA, but we show that such information is not necessary, although it reduces the number of parameters to be determined. We also employ the assumption that the total binding energy is the sum of the energies of the individual contacts, but we describe how that assumption can be relaxed at the cost of additional parameters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stormo, GD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Campus Box 8232, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RI Stormo, Gary/C-5367-2013; OI Stormo, Gary/0000-0001-6896-1850; Benos, Panayiotis/0000-0003-3172-3132 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00249] NR 50 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 323 IS 4 BP 701 EP 727 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00917-8 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 614VC UT WOS:000179211300007 PM 12419259 ER PT J AU Zhan, CG Dixon, DA AF Zhan, CG Dixon, DA TI Electronic excitations in pyrrole: A test case for determination of chromophores in the chromogenic effects of neurotoxic hydrocarbons by time-dependent density functional theory and single-excitation configuration interaction methods SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE time-dependent density functional theory; pyrrole; electronic excitations; neurotoxicity; CI singles ID RESPONSE THEORY; EXCITED-STATES; VUV ABSORPTION; BASIS-SETS; FURAN; SPECTRUM; ENERGY; EXCHANGE; APPROXIMATION; CYCLOPENTADIENE AB Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and single-excitation configuration interaction (CIS) calculations on the electronic excitations in pyrrole have been performed to examine the reliability of these first-principles electronic structure methods in predicting electronic excitation spectra of pyrrole-containing compounds. Both the TD-DFT and CIS calculations led to satisfactory results when compared to available experimental data, particularly for low-lying excited states. The TD-DFT and CIS calculations provide lower and upper limits of the excitation energies, respectively, for low-lying singlet excited states. These results suggest that these methods can be used for the prediction of the excitation spectra, particularly the excitation energies for low-lying excited states, of chromophores responsible for the chromogenic effects of neurotoxic hydrocarbons, which are believed to be substituted pyrroles and their adducts with proteins. As an example of a practical application, the spectrum of the widely used 2,5-dimethylpyrrole has been calculated. It is shown that the 2,5-dimethylpyrrole molecule does not have an absorption in the region of the visible spectrum (400-700 nm), suggesting that the absorption observed at 530 nm and the color of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole is due to another species, probably a product of possible 2,5-dimethylpyrrole autoxidation. This suggests that the conclusions from previously reported experimental studies of biochemical reactions of neurotoxic gamma-diketones need to be reexamined in terms of the relationship of chromogenicity to neurotoxicity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Theory Modeling & Simulat William R Wiley Environ, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhan, CG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Theory Modeling & Simulat William R Wiley Environ, MS K1-83,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 216 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1006/jmsp.2002.8622 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 622VA UT WOS:000179666700010 ER PT J AU Barber, J Chrysostom, ETH Masiello, T Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA Sams, RL AF Barber, J Chrysostom, ETH Masiello, T Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA Sams, RL TI Analysis of nu(2), nu(4) infrared hot bands of (SO3)-S-32-O-16: Resolution of the puzzle of the nu(1) CARS spectrum SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared; Raman; CARS; spectrum; sulfur trioxide ID SO3 AB Further analysis of the high-resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) infrared spectrum of S-32(16) 03 has led to the assignment of more than 3100 hot band transitions from the nu(2) and nu(4) levels to the states 2nu(2) (l = 0), nu(2) + nu(4) (l = +/-1), and 2nu(4) (l = 0, +/-2). These levels are strongly coupled via Fermi resonance and indirect Coriolis interactions to the nu(1) levels, which are IR-inaccessible from the ground state. The unraveling of these interactions has allowed the solution of the unusual and complicated structure of the nu(1) CARS spectrum. This has been accomplished by locating over 400 hot-band transitions to levels that contain at least 10% nu(1) character. The complex CARS spectrum results from a large number of avoided energy-level crossings between these states. Accurate rovibrational constants are deduced for all the mixed states for the first time, leading to deperturbed values of 1064.924(1 1), 0.000 840 93(64), and 0.000 418 19(58) cm(-1) for nu(1), alpha(1)(B), and alpha(1)(C), respectively. The uncertainties in the last digits are shown in parentheses and represent two standard deviations. In addition, new values for some of the anharmonicity constants have been obtained. Highly accurate values for the equilibrium rotational constants B-e and C-e are deduced, yielding independent, nearly identical values for the SO r(e) bond length of 141.734 03(13) and 141.732 54(18) pin, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barber, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 216 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1006/jmsp.2002.8646 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 622VA UT WOS:000179666700013 ER PT J AU Park, B Corrales, LR AF Park, B Corrales, LR TI Molecular dynamics simulation of La2O3-Na2O-SiO2 glasses. II. The clustering of La3+ cations SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SILICATE-GLASSES; SYSTEM K2O-SIO2-LA2O3; PHASE-SEPARATION; SODIUM AB Clustering of high-field strength rare-earth ions in silicate glasses has been experimentally observed for a wide range of concentrations. Clustering has also been observed by molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations over a range 1-10 mol% in soda silicate glasses. Although there have been numerous experimental studies, atomic-level details of the mechanisms that lead to clustering remain unclear. Coupling experiment with MD simulations is essential to uncovering the factors that lead to clustering. In this work, MD computer simulations are used to verify that clustering found in previous MD simulations is not an artifact of the simulation method. This work also provides-clues as to the mechanism of atomic-level clustering. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,902 Batelle Blvd,K8-91, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV PY 2002 VL 311 IS 2 BP 107 EP 117 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01366-2 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 607UN UT WOS:000178809300001 ER PT J AU Corrales, LR Park, B AF Corrales, LR Park, B TI Molecular dynamics simulation of La2O3-Na2O-SiO2 glasses. III. The driving forces of clustering SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID ION-PAIR; SODIUM AB Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to determine the mean force and the potential of mean force of two La ions in a soda silicate glass. The reaction coordinate starts from a well separated state where the network accommodates the high-field strength cations and then brings them together to form an La-O-La linkage that can lead to the formation of free O anions. It is found that clustering of La ions is favored, at least for dimer states. Similar calculations for the ion pairs of La-La, Na-Na and La-Na in pure silica reveal that the local molecular environments of La and Na ions are quite distinct. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999 902,Batelle Blvd,K8-91, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV PY 2002 VL 311 IS 2 BP 118 EP 129 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01414-X PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 607UN UT WOS:000178809300002 ER PT J AU Baldwin, MJ Doerner, RP Causey, R Luckhardt, SC Conn, RW AF Baldwin, MJ Doerner, RP Causey, R Luckhardt, SC Conn, RW TI Recombination of deuterium atoms on the surface of molten Li-LiD SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID LITHIUM; HYDROGEN; TRANSPORT; METALS; SYSTEM; TRITIUM; PISCES AB Measurements of the rate constant k(r) describing the surface recombination of deuterium atoms into molecules, were made for various molten mixtures of Li-LiD using a thermal desorption technique. The results are found to follow an Arrhenius relationship in the temperature range 573-873 K and are compared to the prediction of a kinetic model for the release of hydrogen from metals. The data are lower than would be predicted by the model for an atomically clean surface, but lower than predicted recombination rates are ubiquitous with this type of measurement and well known to result from surface contamination, which reduces surface-site availability and gives rise to variations in the surface chemisorption potential. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baldwin, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, EBU II 460,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 306 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01232-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01232-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 615TA UT WOS:000179261700003 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Taintor, NB Alexoff, D Vaska, P Logan, J Grandy, DK Fang, YA Lee, JH Fowler, JS Volkow, ND AF Thanos, PK Taintor, NB Alexoff, D Vaska, P Logan, J Grandy, DK Fang, YA Lee, JH Fowler, JS Volkow, ND TI In vivo comparative Imaging of dopamine D2 knockout and wild-type mice with C-11-raclopride and microPET SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE brain; gene therapy; animal model; psychiatry; drug abuse ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS; HARDERIAN GLANDS; ANIMAL-MODEL; HUMAN-BRAIN; PET; RECEPTORS AB The use of mice with targeted gene deletions (knockouts [KOs]) provides an important tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying behavior, neuronal development, and the sequella of neuropsychiatric diseases. MRI has been used to image brain structural changes in KO mice but, to our knowledge, the feasibility of using PET to investigate brain neurochemistry in KO mice has not been demonstrated. Methods: We have evaluated the sensitivity of the microPET to image dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) KO mice (D2-/-). PET measurements were performed in wild-type (D2+/+) mice and KO (D2-/-) mice using a microPET scanner. Briefly, each animal was anesthetized and injected intravenously with C-11-raclopride, a DRD2-specific ligand, and dynamic PET scanning was performed for 60 min. Results: The C-11-raclopride images of the KO mice showed significantly lower binding in the striatum (ST) than those of the wild-type (WT) mice, which was confirmed by the time-activity curves that revealed equivalent binding in the ST and cerebellum (CB) in KO mice, whereas the WT mice had significantly higher binding in the ST than in the CB. The ST/CB ratio was significantly higher in WT mice than in KO mice (ST/CB = 1.33 +/- 0.13 and 1.05 +/- 0.03, respectively; P < 0.002; n = 10). The microPET images were compared qualitatively with conventional autoradiography images. Conclusion: These data support the use of microPET as an effective in vivo imaging tool for studying noninvasively KO mice. These same tools can be extended to investigate other genetically engineered murine models of disease. Future studies will seek to use microPET to investigate the relationships between genes, neuronal activity, and behavior. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Lee, Jing-Huei/J-3978-2016 OI Lee, Jing-Huei/0000-0001-9921-7629 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA/OD09481-04]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA06891-06] NR 39 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1570 EP 1577 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 613BX UT WOS:000179112100024 PM 12411561 ER PT J AU Mihalache, D Mazilu, D Towers, I Malomed, BA Lederer, F AF Mihalache, D Mazilu, D Towers, I Malomed, BA Lederer, F TI Stable two-dimensional spinning solitons in a bimodal cubic-quintic model with four-wave mixing SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ring solitons; competing nonlinearities; vortices ID NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; OPTICAL VORTEX SOLITONS; GUIDE ARRAYS; STABILITY; BEAMS; MEDIA; DYNAMICS AB We show the formation of stable two-dimensional spinning solitons in a bimodal system described by coupled cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrodinger equations. The cubic part of the model includes the self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave mixing. Thresholds for the formation of both spinning and non-spinning solitons are found. Instability growth rates of perturbation eigenmodes with different azimuthal indices are calculated as functions of the solitons' propagation constant. As a result, existence and stability domains are identified for the solitons with vorticity s = 0, 1, and 2 in the model's parameter plane. The vortex solitons are found to be stable if their energy flux exceeds a certain critical value, so that, in typical cases, the stability domain of the s = 1 solitons occupies about 18% of their existence region, whereas that of the s = 2 solitons occupies 10% of the corresponding existence region. Direct simulations of the full nonlinear system are in perfect agreement with the linear-stability analysis: stable solitons easily self-trap from arbitrary initial pulses with embedded vorticity, while unstable vortex solitons split into a set of separating zero-spin fragments whose number is exactly equal to the azimuthal index of the strongest unstable perturbation eigenmode. C1 Inst Atom Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Jena, Inst Solid State Theory & Theoret Opt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Interdisciplinary Studies, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mihalache, D (reprint author), Inst Atom Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, POB Mg-6, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. RI Mihalache, Dumitru/I-8684-2012; OI Towers, Isaac/0000-0002-4308-6129 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 4 IS 6 BP 615 EP 623 AR PII S1464-4258(02)40194-8 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/4/6/305 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 629VK UT WOS:000180072200005 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T AF Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T TI Structural studies of rhodium doped Sr2RuO4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE oxides; neutron scattering; crystal structure ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SR2IR1-XRUXO4; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL AB The influence of Rh doping on the structure of Sr2RuO4 has been investigated using neutron powder diffraction methods. The metallic Ru rich compounds adopt a regular K2NiF4-type structure, space group I4/mmm, with Ru-O-Ru bond angles of 180degrees. The structures of the nonmetallic Rh rich compounds crystallise in space group I4/acd and are characterised by tilting of the MO6 octahedra reducing the Ru-0-Ru angle to about 160degrees. Irrespective of Rh content the MO6 polyhedra are not regular octahedra but are elongated along the c direction. The temperature dependence of the structure of Sr2Ru0.9Rh0.1O4 was investigated and revealed this elongation to be weakly temperature dependent. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kennedy, BJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2002 VL 63 IS 11 BP 2093 EP 2100 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00200-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00200-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 599EE UT WOS:000178320500018 ER PT J AU Bravar, A Guryn, W Klein, SR Milstead, D Surrow, B AF Bravar, A Guryn, W Klein, SR Milstead, D Surrow, B TI Diffraction at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; PP INTERACTIONS; 450 GEV/C; JET PRODUCTION; POMERON; HERA; EXCHANGE; COLLIDER; CHANNEL AB The relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) offers many opportunities to study diffraction in pp, pA and AA collisions. Because both proton beams can be polarized, RHIC offers the unique possibility of studying polarization effects in diffraction. We will introduce diffraction at RHIC and present three compelling physics topics: hard diffraction with polarized beams, identification of exotic mesons (non-qq states) in double-Pomeron collisions and using diffraction to measure the low-x gluon density in pA collisions, testing models of gluon saturation and the coloured glass condensate. This note developed from discussion at a workshop on 'Diffraction and Glueball Production at RHIC' at Brookhaven National Laboratory, 17-18 May 2002. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bravar, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2885 EP 2891 AR PII S0954-3899(02)53283-7 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/11/311 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 618XT UT WOS:000179443700012 ER PT J AU Schilling, O Zhou, Y AF Schilling, O Zhou, Y TI Triadic energy transfers in non-helical magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND FLUCTUATIONS; ALFVEN WAVE-PACKETS; INTERSTELLAR TURBULENCE; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS; SCALING PROPERTIES; FORCED TURBULENCE; MHD TURBULENCE; INERTIAL RANGE AB The eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) two-point statistical closure model is used to study the non-linear triadic energy transfer processes in three-dimensional, incompressible, isotropic, non-helical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the primitive variable formulation. The triadic transfer functions, which arise from the closure of the three-point correlations in the kinetic energy and magnetic energy spectrum evolution equations, are calculated for non-helical MHD turbulence as a function of wavenumber k for given values of (p, q) with q fixed and p varied. These functions describe the magnitude of the energy transferred into or out of a given mode with wavenumber k due to all allowed interactions of modes with wavenumbers p and q satisfying k = p + q, and their integrals over all p and q yield the kinetic energy and magnetic energy transfer spectra. Rather than solving the time-dependent, coupled EDQNM equations using initial, prescribed energy spectra, assumed forms of the kinetic energy spectrum E-v (k) and the magnetic energy spectrum E-B (k) having both a production subrange spectrum proportional to k and a Kolmogorov inertial subrange spectrum proportional to k(-5/3) are used to evaluate instantaneous values of the triadic transfer functions. The two cases r(A) = 1 and 1/2 are considered, where r(A) is the Alfven ratio. The individual contributions to the transfer functions are also computed in order to determine the dominant interactions that contribute to the total spectral energy transfers. The triadic transfers exhibit forms similar to those found in previous studies of incompressible, isotropic Navier-Stokes turbulence. The non-local-in-wavenumber triadic interactions dominate the local-in-wavenumber interactions, which indicates that the transfer process in non-helical MHD turbulence is primarily local in scale. As the Alfven ratio decreases, it was found that the most non-local triadic interactions resulted in kinetic energy input and magnetic energy removal at most wavenumbers k. The decomposition of the triadic kinetic and magnetic energy transfer functions into their constituents showed that increasing non-locality of the wavenumber interaction involving modes p and q responsible for the net energy transfer into a given wavenumber k corresponds to a qualitative change in the cascade dynamics; namely, there is less energy removal at smaller k and primarily energy input at nearly all k. An increased degree of non-locality also results in more cancellation between constituent triadic transfer functions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schilling, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Schilling, Oleg/0000-0002-0623-2940 NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0022-3778 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 68 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.1017/S0022377802002015 PN 5 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671FU UT WOS:000182455300004 ER PT J AU Kisliuk, A Ding, Y Hwang, J Lee, JS Annis, BK Foster, MD Sokolov, AP AF Kisliuk, A Ding, Y Hwang, J Lee, JS Annis, BK Foster, MD Sokolov, AP TI Influence of molecular architecture on fast and segmental dynamics and the glass transition in polybutadiene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE glass transition; light scattering; relaxation; molecular architecture ID EFFECTIVE INTERACTION PARAMETER; STAR POLYMERS; SELF-DIFFUSION; THETA-STATES; TEMPERATURE; BLENDS; MELTS; POLYSTYRENE; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR AB Changes in the fast dynamics of polybutadiene (PB) with molecular weight and molecular architecture have been investigated by light and neutron scattering spectroscopy. Differences observed in the fast dynamics of various molecules correlate with differences seen in the value of the glass-transition temperature (T-g). The segmental and fast dynamics as well as the value of T-g are dependent on the total molecular weight of the molecule but independent of its architecture. In other words, the dynamics of PB depend on the number of segments in the molecule but do not show a significant dependence on how the segments are connected (molecular topology), even for arm molecular weights commensurate with the entanglement molecular weight. Literature data for the T-g's of highly branched, phenolic-terminated dendritic poly(benzyl ethers) of various core structures exhibit the same trend. There is no explanation for why the segmental motion appears to be sensitive to the total molecular weight of the molecule but is independent of its architecture. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM sokolov@polymer.uakron.edu NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 21 BP 2431 EP 2439 DI 10.1002/polb.10295 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 603EU UT WOS:000178546500003 ER PT J AU Sutton, MA Abdelmajid, I Zhao, W Wang, D Hubbard, C AF Sutton, MA Abdelmajid, I Zhao, W Wang, D Hubbard, C TI Weld characterization and residual stress measurements for TC-128B steel plate SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB tank cars. Since recent federal regulations have emphasized the need for fatigue life analyses, and since most fatigue cracks and fractures in tank car structures are initiated in the vicinity of welds, there is a need to quantify the effect of tank car weld residual stresses on crack propagation and fracture. Thus, for the first time, the enclosed work reports neutron diffraction results for all six components of the three-dimensional residual stress field on a transverse weld cross section in a 5/8-in. (16.3-mm) thick, TC128-B steel widely used in the construction of pressurized railroad tank cars. Results for a nonheat-treated specimen indicate that (a) the residual effective stress ranges from 36 ksi (250 MPa) to 64 ksi (450 MPa) in the overmatched weld region, (b) the longitudinal residual stress approaches 120% of the uniaxial yield stress in the base material, and (c) the residual shear stresses are of the same order as the smaller principal residual stresses in the weld region. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sutton, MA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1115/1.1487878 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 617AZ UT WOS:000179338200003 ER PT J AU Gupta, RK Dobritsa, SV Stiles, CA Essington, ME Liu, ZY Chen, CH Serpersu, EH Mullin, BC AF Gupta, RK Dobritsa, SV Stiles, CA Essington, ME Liu, ZY Chen, CH Serpersu, EH Mullin, BC TI Metallohistins: A new class of plant metal-binding proteins SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE histidine-rich protein; metal-binding protein; metallohistin ID PHYTOREMEDIATION; INFECTION; CEANOTHUS; MEMBRANES; PEPTIDES; FRANKIA; RICH AB Two small multimeric histidine-rich proteins, AgNt84 and Ag164, encoded by two nodule-specific cDNAs isolated from nodule cDNA libraries of the actinorhizal host plant Alnus glutinosa, represent a new class of plant metal binding proteins. This paper reports the characterization of the purified in vitro-expressed proteins by size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism, equilibrium dialysis, metal affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These analyses reveal that each polypeptide is capable of binding multiple atoms of Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+. A reversible shift in histidine Cepsilon1 and Cdelta2 protons in NMR analysis occurred during titration of this protein with ZnCl2 strongly suggesting that histidine residues are responsible for metal binding. AgNt84 and Ag164 are not related to metal binding metallothioneins and phytochelatins and represent a new class of plant metal binding proteins that we propose to call metallohistins. Possible biological roles in symbioses for AgNt84 and Ag164, and their potential for use in bioremediation are discussed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Bot, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Excellence Struct Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cell & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Delhi, RLA Coll, Dept Microbiol, New Delhi 110021, India. Univ Tennessee, Grad Program Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Mullin, BC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Bot, 437 Hesler Biol Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Essington, Michael/0000-0003-0658-0424 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 8 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1023/A:1022477605813 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 643XH UT WOS:000180888100004 PM 12638655 ER PT J AU Doyle, SA Murphy, MB Massi, JM Richardson, PM AF Doyle, SA Murphy, MB Massi, JM Richardson, PM TI High-throughput proteomics: A flexible and efficient pipeline for protein production SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE high-throughput; protein purification; ligation-independent cloning ID LIGATION-INDEPENDENT CLONING; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; STRATEGIES; PCR AB Many studies that aim to characterize the proteome require the production of pure protein in a high-throughput format. We have developed a system for high-throughput subcloning, protein expression and purification that is simple, fast, and inexpensive. We utilized ligation-independent cloning with a custom-designed vector and developed an expression screen to test multiple parameters for optimal protein production in E. coli. A 96-well format purification protocol that produced microgram quantities of pure protein was also developed. C1 US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Richardson, PM (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, 2800 MItchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 6 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1021/pr025554a PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 623BN UT WOS:000179683400006 PM 12645621 ER PT J AU Peterson, DS Rohr, T Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Peterson, DS Rohr, T Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI High-throughput peptide mass mapping using a microdevice containing trypsin immobilized on a porous polymer monolith coupled to MALDI TOF and ESI TOF mass spectrometers SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE high-throughput protein identification immobilized enzyme; mass spectrometry; monolith; proteomics ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; MICROFLUIDIC CHIPS; DIGESTION; DEVICE; TECHNOLOGY; PROTEOMICS; CHANNELS; SUPPORTS; BEDS AB An enzymatic microreactor with a volume of 470 nL has been prepared by immobilizing trypsin on a 10 cm long reactive porous polymer monolith located in a 100 mum W. fused silica capillary. This reactor affords suitable degrees of digestion of proteins even after very short residence times of less than 1 min. The performance is demonstrated with the digestion of eight proteins ranging in molecular mass from 2848 to 77 754. The digests were analyzed using mass spectrometry in two modes: off-line MALDI and in-line nanoelectrospray ionization. The large numbers of identified peptides enable a high degree of sequence coverage and positive identification of the proteins. The extent of sequence coverage decreases as the molecular mass of the digested protein increases. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Peterson, Dominic/0000-0001-8244-565X; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 34 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 6 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1021/pr0255452 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 623BN UT WOS:000179683400010 PM 12645625 ER PT J AU Donovan, JJ Hanchar, JM Picolli, PM Schrier, MD Boatner, LA Jarosewich, E AF Donovan, JJ Hanchar, JM Picolli, PM Schrier, MD Boatner, LA Jarosewich, E TI Contamination an the rare-earth element orthophosphate reference samples SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Accuracy Barrier in Quantitative EPMA and the Role of Standards CY APR 08-11, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Microbeam Anal Soc HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE EPMA; microanalysis; orthophosphates; quantitative analysis; rare earth elements; rare earth phosphates; REE; standards ID ELECTRON-MICROPROBE ANALYSIS AB Several of the fourteen rare-earth element (plus Sc and Y) orthophosphate standards grown at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the 1980s and widely distributed by the Smithsonian Institution's Department of Mineral Sciences, are significantly contaminated by Pb. The origin of this impurity is the Pb2P2O7 flux that is derived from the thermal decomposition of PbHPO4. The lead pyrophosphate flux is used to dissolve the oxide starting materials at elevated temperatures (approximate to 1360 degreesC) prior to the crystal synthesis. Because these rare-earth element standards are extremely stable under the electron beam and considered homogenous, they have been of enormous value to electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The monoclinic, monazite structure, orthophosphates show a higher degree of Pb incorporation than the tetragonal xenotime structure, orthophosphates. This paper will attempt to describe and rationalize the extent of the Pb contamination in these otherwise excellent materials. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Donovan, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM donovan@oregon.uoregon.edu RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 107 IS 6 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.6028/jres.107.056 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 643NJ UT WOS:000180867100020 PM 27446762 ER PT J AU Carpenter, P Counce, D Kluk, E Nabelek, C AF Carpenter, P Counce, D Kluk, E Nabelek, C TI Characterization of Corning EPMA standard glasses 95IRV, 95IRW, and 95IRX SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Accuracy Barrier in Quantitative EPMA and the Role of Standards CY APR 08-11, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Microbeam Anal Soc HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE Corning; epma; glass; homogeneity; microprobe; standard; trace element; eds; 95IRV; 95IRW; 95IRX AB The preparation, synthesis, and characterization of Corning trace-element glasses 95IRV, 95IRW, and 95IRX by bulk chemical and electron microprobe techniques is discussed. Working values for the doped elements in the 95-series glasses are established. Blank values have been determined by both bulk chemical and electron microprobe analysis, and important x-ray interferences are highlighted. Chemical homogeneity both within a rod cross-section, and along cane length has been documented. These glasses are standard reference materials intended for use as both primary and secondary electron microprobe standards. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carpenter, P (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, SD46, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM paul.carpenter@msfc.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 107 IS 6 BP 703 EP 718 DI 10.6028/jres.107.057 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 643NJ UT WOS:000180867100021 PM 27446763 ER PT J AU Altobelli, SA Mondy, LA AF Altobelli, SA Mondy, LA TI Hindered flotation functions from nuclear magnetic resonance imaging SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In batch settling or flotation the velocity of the disperse phase u(d) = U(S)G(phi). U-S is the terminal velocity of an isolated particle, and G is the hindrance function. Vertical profiles of the fluid fraction in batch flotation experiments, measured by one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, were input into a new method for extracting G. This simple, explicit calculation was tested on concentrated monodisperse and polydisperse samples. In a single experiment on a 44 mL sample of monodisperse suspension with overall solid fraction phi(i) = 0.2, the hindered flotation function G(phi) was measured over the range of 0.05 < phi < phi(m) where phi(m) is the maximum packing fraction. This represents significant simplification compared to observation of the clearing interface in a series of suspensions with varying phi(i). The hindrance function G was well fit by G(phi) = (1 - phi)(5) as expected for monodisperse samples. In a polydisperse suspension, the NMR hindrance function showed an initial transient, and thereafter was fit coarsely by G(phi) = (1 -phi)(4.4) in the range of phi(i) < phi < phi(m). The new procedure is useful for rapidly characterizing the settling or flotation of suspensions. Further, only a very small volume of suspension is required to measure G over a range of phi(i). (C) 2002 The Society of Rheology. C1 New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Altobelli, SA (reprint author), New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1341 EP 1352 DI 10.1122/1.1514199 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 612JH UT WOS:000179070700003 ER PT J AU Berg, DE AF Berg, DE TI A message from the special issue editor SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Berg, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 325 EP 325 DI 10.1115/1.1509482 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618FL UT WOS:000179408000001 ER PT J AU Stol, K Balas, M Bir, G AF Stol, K Balas, M Bir, G TI Floquet modal analysis of a teetered-rotor wind turbine SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB This paper examines the operating modes of a two-bladed wind turbine structural model. Because of the gyroscopic asymmetry of its rotor this turbine's dynamics can be quite distinct from that of a turbine with three or more blades. This asymmetry leads to system equations with periodic coefficients that must be solved by the Floquet approach to extract the correct modal parameters. A discussion of results is presented for a series of simple models with increasing complexity. We begin with a single-degree-of-freedom system and progress to a model with seven degrees-of-freedom: tower fore-aft bending, tower lateral bending, tower twist, nacelle yaw, hub teeter and flapwise bending of each blade. Results illustrate how the turbine modes become more dominated by the centrifugal and gyroscopic effects as the rotor speed increases. Parametric studies are performed by varying precone angle, teeter stiffness, yaw stiffness, teeter damping, and yaw damping properties. Under certain levels of yaw stiffness or damping, the gyroscopic coupling may cause yaw and teeter mode coalescence, resulting in self-excited dynamic instabilities. Teeter damping is the only parameter found to strictly stabilize the turbine model. C1 Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stol, K (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM karl_stol@nrel.gov OI Stol, Karl/0000-0002-1661-167X NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1115/1.1504846 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618FL UT WOS:000179408000006 ER PT J AU Moriarty, PJ Holley, WE Butterfield, S AF Moriarty, PJ Holley, WE Butterfield, S TI Effect of turbulence variation on extreme loads prediction for wind turbines SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ROTOR BLADES; DESIGN AB The effect of varying turbulence levels on long-term loads extrapolation techniques was examined using a joint probability density function of both mean wind speed and turbulence level for loads calculations. The turbulence level has a dramatic effect on the statistics of moment maxima extracted from aeroelastic simulations. Maxima from simulations at lower turbulence levels are more deterministic and become dominated by the stochastic component as turbulence level increases. Short-term probability distributions were calculated using four different moment-based fitting methods. Several hundred of these distributions were used to calculate a long-term probability function. From the long-term probability, 1- and 50-yr extreme loads were estimated. As an alternative, using a normal conditional distribution of turbulence level produced a long-term load comparable to that of a log-normal conditional distribution and may be more straightforward to implement. A parametric model of the moments was also used to estimate the extreme loads. The parametric model required less data, but predicted significantly lower loads than the empirical model. An input extrapolation technique was also examined. Extrapolating the turbulence level prior to input into the aeroelastic code simplifies the loads extrapolation procedure but, in this case, produces loads lower than most empirical models and may be non-conservative in general. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moriarty, PJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1115/1.1510137 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618FL UT WOS:000179408000009 ER PT J AU Wan, YH Bucaneg, D AF Wan, YH Bucaneg, D TI Short-term power fluctuations of large wind power plants SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB To evaluate short-term wind power fluctuations and their impact on electric power systems, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, in cooperation with Enron Wind, has started a project to record output power from several large commercial wind power plants at the 1-Hertz rate. This paper presents statistical properties of the data collected so far and discusses the results of data analysis. From the available data, we can already conclude that despite the stochastic nature of wind power fluctuations, the magnitudes and rates of wind power changes caused by wind speed variations are seldom extreme, nor are they totally random. Their values are bounded in narrow ranges. Power output data also show significant spatial variations within a large wind power plant. The data also offer encouraging evidence that accurate wind power forecasting is feasible. To the utility system, large wind power plants are not really random burdens. The narrow range of power level step changes provides a lot of information with which system operators can make short-term predictions of wind power Large swings of wind power do occur but those infrequent large changes (caused by wind speed changes) are always related to well-defined weather events, most of which can be accurately predicted in advance. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Enron Wind, Tehachapi, CA 93561 USA. RP Wan, YH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.1115/1.1507762 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618FL UT WOS:000179408000014 ER PT J AU Sutherland, HJ AF Sutherland, HJ TI Analysis of the structural and inflow data from the list turbine SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The Long-term Inflow and Structural Test (LIST) program is collecting long-term, continuous inflow and structural response data to characterize the spectrum of loads on wind turbines. A heavily instrumented Micon 65/13M turbine with Phoenix 8m blades is being used as the test turbine for the first measurement campaign of this program. This turbine is located in Bushland, TX, a test site that exposes the turbine to a wind regime representative of a Great Plains commercial site. The turbine and inflow are being characterized with 60 measurements: 34 to characterize the inflow, 19 to characterize structural response, and seven to characterize the time-varying state of the turbine. In this paper, an analysis of the structural and inflow data is presented. Particular attention is paid to the determination of the various structural loads on the turbine, long-term fatigue spectra and the correlation of various inflow descriptors with fatigue loads. For the latter analysis, the inflow is described by various parameters, including the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis of the hub-height horizontal wind speed, turbulence intensity, turbulence length scales, Reynolds stresses, local friction velocity, Obukhov length, and the gradient Richardson number. The fatigue load spectrum corresponding to these parameters is characterized as an equivalent fatigue load. A regression analysis is then used to determine which parameters are correlated to the fatigue loads. The results illustrate that the vertical component of the inflow is the most important of the secondary inflow parameters with respect to fatigue loads. Long-term fatigue spectra illustrate that extrapolation of relatively short-term data to longer times is consistent for the data reported here. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sutherland, HJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 432 EP 445 DI 10.1115/1.1507763 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618FL UT WOS:000179408000015 ER PT J AU Calvert, S Thresher, R Hock, S Laxson, A Smith, B AF Calvert, S Thresher, R Hock, S Laxson, A Smith, B TI US Department of Energy Wind Energy Research Program for Low Wind Speed Technology of the Future - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Calvert, S (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1115/1.1509480 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618FL UT WOS:000179408000017 ER PT J AU Robinson, M Veers, P AF Robinson, M Veers, P TI US National Laboratory Research supporting Low Wind Speed Technology - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robinson, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 458 EP 460 DI 10.1115/1.1509481 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 618FL UT WOS:000179408000018 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Wang, HH Kini, AM Ward, BH Parakka, JP Daugherty, RG Kelly, ME Nixon, PG Winter, RW Gard, GL Montgomery, LK Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH AF Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Wang, HH Kini, AM Ward, BH Parakka, JP Daugherty, RG Kelly, ME Nixon, PG Winter, RW Gard, GL Montgomery, LK Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH TI Trifluoromethylsulfonyl-based salts of BEDT-TTF: Crystal and electronic structures and physical properties SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BEDT-TTF; trifluoromethylsulfonyl anions; charge transfer salt; electrical conductivity ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; BAND-STRUCTURE; RADICAL SALT; DONOR; BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTORS; ANION; PHASE AB Three 2:1 salts of the organic donor molecule bis(ethylene-dithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF or ET) with trifluoromethylsulfonyl-based anions N(SO2CF3)(2)(-), CH(SO2CF3)(2)(-) and C(SO2CF3)(3)(-) were prepared by electrocrystallization. These salts were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, electrical resistivity measurements and electronic band structure calculations. (ET)(2)N(SO2CF3)(2) is a two-dimensional (2D) metal, but its ESR spin susceptibility above 150 K shows a weakly semiconducting behavior, presumably because during ESR measurements the sample cooling rate is slow hence allowing the disordered anions to readjust their positions. (ET)(2)CH (SO2CF3)(2) is a 2D metal and undergoes a metal-to-insulator (MI) transition at 110 K due probably to a geometry change of the donor molecule layers. (ET)(2)C(SO2CF3)(3) is a one-dimensional (1D) metal and undergoes an MI between 180 and 240 K, which is expected to be of charge density wave type. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 168 IS 2 BP 524 EP 534 DI 10.1006/jssc.2002.9750 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 631UC UT WOS:000180184300023 ER PT J AU Singleton, J AF Singleton, J TI Why do physicists love charge-transfer salts? SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR KAPPA-(ET)(2)CUBR; FERMI-SURFACE; C-13 NMR; MAGNETORESISTANCE OSCILLATIONS; STATE; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)CU(NCS)(2); CONDUCTORS; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE AB I describe some of the phenomena encountered in charge-transfer salts that make them very attractive for condensed-matter physicists. These materials exhibit many interesting electronic properties, including reduced dimensionality, strong electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions and the proximity of antiferromagnetism, insulator states and superconductivity. A wide variety of low-temperature groundstates have been observed in the salts; frequently, one is able to move between these states by applying magnetic field, temperature, pressure or "chemical pressure". In spite of this complex behavior, the charge-transfer salts possess very simple electronic bandstructure which it is often possible to measure in great detail. Hence, one can use the salts as "model systems" in which tractable theoretical calculations for phenomena such as superconductivity are compared directly with experiment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MST, NHMFL, TA-35,MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 168 IS 2 BP 675 EP 689 DI 10.1006/jssc.2002.9766 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 631UC UT WOS:000180184300039 ER PT J AU Zheng, YH Garcia, AL Alder, BJ AF Zheng, YH Garcia, AL Alder, BJ TI Comparison of kinetic theory and hydrodynamics for Poiseuille flow SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE kinetic theory; Boltzmann equation; P; oiseuille flow; direct; simulation Monte Carlo ID GAS; DYNAMICS AB Comparison of particle (DSMC) simulation with the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations for pressure-driven plane Poiseuille flow is presented and contrasted with that of the acceleration-driven Poiseuille flow. Although for the acceleration-driven case DSMC measurements are qualitatively different from the NS solution at relatively low Knudsen number, the two are in somewhat better agreement for pressure-driven flow. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM algarcia@algarcia.org NR 24 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 EI 1572-9613 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.1023/A:1020498111819 PG 11 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 599FT UT WOS:000178324000010 ER PT J AU Kawasaki, K Kim, B AF Kawasaki, K Kim, B TI Out of equilibrium dynamics of the toy model with mode coupling and trivial Hamiltonian SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE out of equilibrium; toy model; mode-coupling; glassy behavior ID LENNARD-JONES GLASS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; METASTABLE STATES; TRANSITION AB We extend our previous analysis of the toy model that mimics the mode coupling theory of supercooled liquids and glass transitions to the out of equilibrium dynamics. We derive a self-consistent set of equations for correlation and response functions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chang Won 641773, South Korea. RP Kawasaki, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 591 EP 606 DI 10.1023/A:1020458430474 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 599FT UT WOS:000178324000015 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG Posch, HA Forster, C Dellago, C Zhou, M AF Hoover, WG Posch, HA Forster, C Dellago, C Zhou, M TI Lyapunov modes of two-dimensional many-body systems; Soft disks, hard disks, and rotors SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE local Lyapunov exponents; Lyapunov modes; hard disk fluid; soft disk fluid ID XY-MODEL; INSTABILITY; FLUIDS; EQUILIBRIUM; STATES AB The dynamical instability of many-body systems can best be characterized through the local Lyapunov spectrum {lambda}, its associated eigenvectors {delta}, and the time-averaged spectrum {} P. Each local Lyapunov exponent l describes the degree of instability associated with a well-defined direction given by the associated unit vector delta-in the full many-body phase space. For a variety of hard-particle systems it is by now well-established that several of the d vectors, all with relatively-small values of the time-averaged exponent correspond to quite well-defined long-wavelength ' ' modes.' ' We investigate soft particles from the same viewpoint here, and find no convincing evidence for corresponding modes. The situation is similar no firm evidence for modes in a simple two-dimensional lattice-rotor model. We believe that these differences are related to the form of the time-averaged Lyapunov spectrum near = 0. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Expt Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hoover3@llnl.gov RI Dellago, Christoph/E-1625-2011 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 EI 1572-9613 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 765 EP 776 DI 10.1023/A:1020474901341 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 599FT UT WOS:000178324000023 ER PT J AU Dimitrijevic, NM Takahashi, K Jonah, CD AF Dimitrijevic, NM Takahashi, K Jonah, CD TI Visible absorption spectra of crystal violet in supercritical ethane-methanol solution SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluids; cosolvents crystal violet; methanol; spectral shifts ID RADIOLYSIS; ELECTRONS; SOLVATION; FLUIDS; CO2 AB The effects of concentration and mole fraction of methanol in supercritical ethane on the absorption spectra of crystal violet (CV) were examined. Keeping the concentration of CV in the cell constant at 50 Lmol l(-1), both the methanol concentration (from 0.4 to 1.2 mol l(-1)) and pressure of ethane (from 60 to 150 bar) were varied. The degree of solvation of CV depends both on the mole fraction and concentration of cosolvent. The dimerization of CV was found to decrease with pressure, and with the ratio between methanol and CV concentrations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dimitrijevic, NM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Takahashi, Kenji/C-8846-2011; Takahashi, Kenji/F-4885-2014 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD NOV PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 AR PII S0896-8446(02)00026-8 DI 10.1016/S0896-8446(02)00026-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 604CA UT WOS:000178597000006 ER PT J AU Hanson, BL Harp, JM Kirschbaum, K Schall, CA DeWitt, K Howard, A Pinkerton, AA Bunick, GJ AF Hanson, BL Harp, JM Kirschbaum, K Schall, CA DeWitt, K Howard, A Pinkerton, AA Bunick, GJ TI Experiments testing the abatement of radiation damage in D-xylose isomerase crystals with cryogenic helium SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on X-ray Damage to Crystalline Biological Samples CY DEC, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE cryocrystallography; radiation damage; macromolecular crystallography ID CARBONMONOXY-MYOGLOBIN; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; GLASS-TRANSITION; DATA-COLLECTION; CRYOSTAT; SYSTEM; WATER AB Helium is a more efficient cryogen than nitrogen, and for macromolecular data collection at high-flux beamlines will deliver lower temperatures. An open-flow helium cryostat developed at the University of Toledo (the Pinkerton Device) has been used for macromolecular data collection. This device differs from standard commercial He cryostats by having a much narrower aperture providing a high velocity stream of He around the crystal that maximizes convective and conductive heat exchange between the crystal and the cryogen. This paper details a series of experiments conducted at the IMCA-CAT 17ID beamline using one crystal for each experimental condition to examine whether helium at 16 K provided better radiation-damage abatement compared with nitrogen at 100 K. These studies used matched high-quality crystals (0.94 Angstrom diffraction resolution) of D-xylose isomerase derived from the commercial material Gensweet SGI. Comparisons show that helium indeed abates the indicators of radiation damage, in this case resulting in longer crystal diffractive lifetimes. The overall trend suggests that crystals maintain order and that high-resolution data are less affected by increased radiation load when crystals are cooled with He rather than N-2. This is probably the result of a lower effective temperature at the crystal with concomitant reduction in free-radical diffusion. Other features, such as an apparent phase transition in macromolecular crystals at lower temperatures, require investigation to broaden the utility of He use. C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, IMCA,CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hanson, BL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hanson, Bryant Leif/F-8007-2010; ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014; OI Hanson, Bryant Leif/0000-0003-0345-3702; pinkerton, alan/0000-0002-2239-1992 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1107/S0909049502014577 PN 6 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 611ZU UT WOS:000179049100009 PM 12409625 ER PT J AU McPhillips, TM McPhillips, SE Chiu, HJ Cohen, AE Deacon, AM Ellis, PJ Garman, E Gonzalez, A Sauter, NK Phizackerley, RP Soltis, SM Kuhn, P AF McPhillips, TM McPhillips, SE Chiu, HJ Cohen, AE Deacon, AM Ellis, PJ Garman, E Gonzalez, A Sauter, NK Phizackerley, RP Soltis, SM Kuhn, P TI Blu-Ice and the Distributed Control System: software for data acquisition and instrument control at macromolecular crystallography beamlines SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on X-ray Damage to Crystalline Biological Samples CY DEC, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE macromolecular crystallography; data acquisition; instrument control; graphical user interface; remote access; beamline automation AB The Blu-Ice and Distributed Control System (DCS) software packages were developed to provide unified control over the disparate hardware resources available at a macromolecular crystallography beamline. Blu-Ice is a user interface that provides scientific experimenters and beamline support staff with intuitive graphical tools for collecting diffraction data and configuring beamlines for experiments. Blu-Ice communicates with the hardware at a beamline via DCS, an instrument-control and data-acquisition package designed to integrate hardware resources in a highly heterogeneous networked computing environment. Together, Blu-Ice and DCS provide a flexible platform for increasing the ease of use, the level of automation and the remote accessibility of beamlines. Blu-Ice and DCS are currently installed on four Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory crystallographic beamlines and are being implemented at sister light sources. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lab Mol Biophys, Oxford OX1 3QU, England. RP Kuhn, P (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR-01209] NR 14 TC 586 Z9 592 U1 3 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 BP 401 EP 406 DI 10.1107/S0909049502015170 PN 6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 611ZU UT WOS:000179049100012 PM 12409628 ER PT J AU Nunn, SD Payzant, EA AF Nunn, SD Payzant, EA TI Properties of ionic-conducting beta-Bi2O3 containing mixed dopants SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Ceram Soc ID OXIDE AB beta-Bi2O3 compositions were prepared to evaluate the effect on properties of using mixed dopants. Baseline compositions containing 28 mol% of the alkaline-earth oxides CaO, SrO, or BaO were used for comparison. When the alkaline earths were combined in pairs to dope the bismuth oxide, the resulting properties were intermediate between the baseline end members. The data suggest that the transformation temperature for forming the high-conductivity beta(1) phase can be varied continuously over a temperature range of about 565degrees to 750degreesC. Utilization of additional additives having different ionic size or valence charge compared with the alkaline earths resulted in no observed property changes that could be attributed to the additive alone. The most important variables influencing the conductivity level and phase transformation temperature of beta-Bi2O3 were the type and the amount of the alkaline-earth dopant in the composition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nunn, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2633 EP 2636 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 614HC UT WOS:000179181400002 ER PT J AU Ma, B Victory, NI Balachandran, U Mitchell, BJ Richardson, JW AF Ma, B Victory, NI Balachandran, U Mitchell, BJ Richardson, JW TI Study of the mixed-conducting SrFeCo0.5Oy system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ION CONDUCTORS; O SYSTEM; OXYGEN; MEMBRANES; METHANE AB Mixed-conducting Sr-Fe-Co oxides have potential applications in dense ceramic membranes for high-purity oxygen separation and/or methane conversion to produce syngas (CO + H-2), because of their combined high electronic/ionic conductivity and significant oxygen permeability. SrFeCoo(0.5)O(y) has been synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. Conductivities were measured at elevated temperatures in various gas environments and increased as temperature and oxygen partial pressure (p(O2)) increased in the surrounding environment. Neutron powder diffraction experiments revealed that in a high p(O2) environment the SrFeCo0.5Oy material consists of three different phases. The relative concentration of each component phase is dependent on temperature and p(O2) in the surrounding environment. In air, Sr-2(Fe,CO)(3)O-y (236-phase) is the majority phase and consists of > 75 wt% of the total, whereas the perovskite and rocksalt phases account for similar to20 and < 5 wt%, respectively. However, in a reducing environment, the 236-phase decomposes and converts to perovskite and rocksalt phase at high temperature. In an environment of p(O2) < 10(-12.2) atm, the 236-phase is completely converted into perovskite (brownmillerite) and rocksalt phases. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2641 EP 2645 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 614HC UT WOS:000179181400004 ER PT J AU Kosacki, I Petrovsky, V Anderson, HU Colomban, P AF Kosacki, I Petrovsky, V Anderson, HU Colomban, P TI Raman spectroscopy of nanocrystalline ceria and zirconia thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SCATTERING; DEFECT; CEO2-X; OXIDE; SIZE AB The results of Raman-scattering studies of nanocrystalline CeO2 and ZrO2:16% Y (YSZ) thin films are presented. The relationship between the lattice disorder and the form of the Raman spectra is discussed and correlated with the microstructure. It is shown that the Raman line shape results from phonon confinement and spatial correlation effects and yields information about the material nonstoichiometry level. C1 Univ Missouri, Elect Mat Appl Res Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. CNRS, LADIR, UMR 7075, F-94230 Thiais, France. Univ Paris 06, F-94230 Thiais, France. RP Kosacki, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2646 EP 2650 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 614HC UT WOS:000179181400005 ER PT J AU Stanek, CR Minervini, L Grimes, RW AF Stanek, CR Minervini, L Grimes, RW TI Nonstoichiometry in A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlores SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDES; DISORDER; CONDUCTION; SYSTEM; PHASE; PLUTONIUM; MIGRATION; DIFFUSION; FLUORITE; MGO AB Energies associated with deviations from stoichiometry for an extensive series of A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlores have been predicted. A(3+) cations range in size from Lu to La and B4+ cations from Ti to Pb. Results are presented in the form of contour maps as a means of conveying large quantities of data as well as predicting characteristics for pyrochlore compounds not explicitly modeled. These contour maps indicate that the BO2 excess nonstoichiometry in the pyrochlore structure is distinct from solid-solution fluorite. Within the limitations of this methodology, the contour maps provide a means to understand and predict distinct compositional variations. Defect cluster formation is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 55 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 11 U2 35 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2792 EP 2798 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 614HC UT WOS:000179181400027 ER PT J AU Stan, M Armstrong, TJ Butt, DP Wallace, TC Park, YS Haertling, CL Hartmann, T Hanrahan, RJ AF Stan, M Armstrong, TJ Butt, DP Wallace, TC Park, YS Haertling, CL Hartmann, T Hanrahan, RJ TI Stability of the perovskite compounds in the Ce-Ga-O and Pu-Ga-O systems SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM AB Cerium oxides are used as surrogates for plutonium oxides because of the similarities in their thermodynamic properties. In this study, the stability limits of both CeGaO3 and PuGaO3 with respect to the partial pressure of oxygen and temperature have been predicted by theoretical calculations. Using the results of the calculations as guidance, mixtures of CeO2 and Ga2O3 have been prepared and thermally treated at 1273, 1473, and 1673 K, in atmosphere of air, argon, or Ar-6% H-2. In the samples annealed under low oxygen partial pressures, the CeGaO3 perovskite-type compound was identified. Based on Rietveld structure refinement, the orthorhombic space group (Pnma, 62) was confirmed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stan, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2811 EP 2816 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 614HC UT WOS:000179181400030 ER PT J AU Jang, YI Dudney, NJ Blom, DA Allard, LF AF Jang, YI Dudney, NJ Blom, DA Allard, LF TI High-voltage cycling behavior of thin-film LiCoO2 cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LI-ION CELL; INTERCALATION; LIXCOO2 AB Thin-film LiCoO2 cathodes having grains of 0.3 mum diam combined with the Lipon electrolyte exhibit excellent capacity retention when cycled up to 4.4 V. High capacity (170 +/- 10 mAh/g) and energy density (690 +/- 60 mWh/g) were obtained between 3.0 and 4.4 V at 0.1 mA/cm(2), with the capacity fade rate <0.02% per cycle. No evidence of grain fracture was detected by direct observation of the cycled thin-film cathodes by transmission electron microscopy. When cycled to >4.4 V, there is a more rapid increase in cell resistance and reduced capacity at high current densities. This is attributed to the onset of a phase transition at >4.4 V accompanied by an abrupt change in the c parameter. When a LiCoO2 cathode is completely delithiated by charging to 5.0 V, cycling ability is still retained, but Li reinsertion into CoO2 is not a fully reversible reaction of the Li extraction from LiCoO2. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jang, YI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 149 IS 11 BP A1442 EP A1447 DI 10.1149/1.1511751 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 604KV UT WOS:000178620700010 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Sun, X Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Lee, HS Sun, X Yang, XQ McBreen, J TI Synthesis and study of new cyclic boronate additives for lithium battery electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-PAIR DISSOCIATION; ANION RECEPTORS; NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; SALTS; CONDUCTIVITY; FAMILY; CELLS AB Two novel boronate compounds, 2-(pentafluorophenyl)- tetrafluoro-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole (1) and 2-(pentafluorophenyl!- 4,4,5,5-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxaborolane (2), have been synthesized as additives for lithium battery electrolytes. These cyclic boronate compounds have a much more significant effect on conductivity enhancement of LiF salt in dimethoxyethene (DME) or ethyl carbonate-dimethyl carbonate (EC-DMC) than either borane or borate additives we previously synthesized. The conductivity of a composite electrolyte containing compound 1 and LiF has reached 9.54 x 10(-3) S/cm in DME and 4.79 x 10(-3) S/cm in EC-DMC (1: 2). This is due to the lower molecular weight and less steric hindrance effects of compound 1. In the case of compound 2, the enhanced performance also comes from the improved solubility in polar solvents. Composite electrolytes containing LiF and either compound 1 or compound 2 have excellent electrochemical stability in the EC-DMC solvent, with respective electrochemical windows of 4.05 and 5.1 V. The composite electrolyte containing LiF and compound 2 shows high cycling efficiency and cyclability in both Li/LiMn2O4 and Li/LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cells. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 149 IS 11 BP A1460 EP A1465 DI 10.1149/1.1513559 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 604KV UT WOS:000178620700013 ER PT J AU Tucker, MC Kroeck, L Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ AF Tucker, MC Kroeck, L Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ TI The influence of covalence on capacity retention in metal-substituted spinels - Li-7 NMR, SQUID, and electrochemical studies SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERY; CATHODE MATERIAL; LIMN2O4; CELLS AB Variable-temperature Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance and superconducting quantum interference device (NMR and SQUID) magnetometry have been used to determine the supertransferred hyperfine coupling constant, an indicator of Li-O-Mn bond covalence, for metal-substituted spinels, LiMxMn2-xO4 (M = Li, Zn, Al, Cr). The Curie and Weiss constants are reported for all compositions studied. The covalence of the Li-O-Mn bond is observed to increase upon substitution for all substituting metals studied. The greatest enhancement in covalence was achieved by substitution of ions that are similar in size to the Mn3.5+ ion. The covalence values are compared to electrochemical capacity retention of the same compositions when cycled on the 4 V plateau. A positive correlation between the effectiveness of a particular substituent at improving capacity retention and the effectiveness of that substituent at enhancing covalency is observed. The bond covalence for LiCr0.175Mn1.825O4 remains unchanged upon electrochemical cycling, whereas that of LiMn2O4 increases with cycling. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM reimer@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 149 IS 11 BP A1409 EP A1413 DI 10.1149/1.1510766 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 604KV UT WOS:000178620700004 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, NS DeHoff, RT AF Kulkarni, NS DeHoff, RT TI Application of volatility diagrams for low temperature, dry etching, and planarization of copper SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELLINGHAM-RICHARDSON DIAGRAMS; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA; MIXED REACTIVE GASES; THERMAL-OXIDATION; INTERFACE ROUGHNESS; LIGHT IRRADIATION; METALLIZATION; SILICON; CU; ULSI AB A thermodynamic analysis of the dry etching process for copper using halides is undertaken with the development of volatility diagrams. The construction of such diagrams for the Cu-Cl system is illustrated for temperatures ranging from 50 to 200degreesC. The copper condensed phase species and the partial pressures of the predominant copper vapor phase species are depicted on these diagrams as a function of the partial pressure of chlorine at various temperatures. From these diagrams, it is apparent that reactive ion etching (RIE) of copper based on a procedure previously utilized for aluminum, is inefficient at temperatures less than 200degreesC. However, closer examination of the metastable equilibrium line between condensed CuCl(2) and gaseous Cu(3)Cl(3) reveals the possibility of extremely high etch rates at low temperatures, if a reducing environment based on hydrogen is utilized for etching CuCl(2). The design of a multistep, low temperature RIE process for copper, that first requires the formation of condensed CuCl(2) followed by the hydrogen based etching of condensed CuCl(2) (and hence copper) due to the formation of Cu(3)Cl(3) gas, is discussed. Some important aspects for the successful implementation of this etching scheme are considered. The further utilization of this process for the purpose of reactive ion planarization of copper as a potential replacement for the problematic chemical mechanical planarization step in the damascene process, is also suggested. The role of capillarity effects in this dry planarization process is discussed briefly. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kulkarni, NS (reprint author), Surface Proc & Mech Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kulkarnins@ornl.gov NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 149 IS 11 BP G620 EP G632 DI 10.1149/1.1513986 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 604KV UT WOS:000178620700057 ER PT J AU Chertkov, M Gabitov, I Lushnikov, PM Moeser, J Toroczkai, Z AF Chertkov, M Gabitov, I Lushnikov, PM Moeser, J Toroczkai, Z TI Pinning method of pulse confinement in optical fiber with random dispersion SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLITON WDM TRANSMISSION; POLARIZATION DISPERSION; TRANSOCEANIC DISTANCES; DYNAMIC EQUATION; MANAGED SOLITON; PERTURBATIONS; COLLAPSE; SYSTEMS; LINE AB Pulse propagation in optical fiber links with randomness in the dispersion is investigated theoretically and numerically for systems with and without dispersion management. The main effects of locally correlated noise are inevitable pulse destruction and statistical broadening. However, periodic/quasi-periodic management of fiber randomness, achieved by setting the accumulated dispersion to its nominal value (pinning), essentially decreases pulse broadening. If the pinning period is short enough, we observe a statistical state that is numerically indistinguishable from the steady state in the dispersion-managed case. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Toroczkai, Zoltan/A-3421-2008; Lushnikov, Pavel/I-2304-2013; Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 OI Toroczkai, Zoltan/0000-0002-6602-2849; NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2538 EP 2550 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.002538 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 615JJ UT WOS:000179241800003 ER PT J AU Cheng, JY Gibson, JM Baldo, PM Kestel, BJ AF Cheng, JY Gibson, JM Baldo, PM Kestel, BJ TI Quantitative analysis of annealing-induced structure disordering in ion-implanted amorphous silicon SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUVSTA 15th International Congress/AVS 48th International Symposium/11th International Conference on Solid Surfaces CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IUVSTA, AVS ID MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; FLUCTUATION MICROSCOPY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ENERGY BARRIER; RELAXATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; GERMANIUM; FILMS; GE; SI AB We use fluctuation electron microscopy to characterize medium-range order in ion-implanted amorphous silicon. In fluctuation microscopy, intensity fluctuation in a dark-field image contains the information of high-order atomic correlations in the length scale of 1-3 nm. In this study, we heated as-implanted silicon at 500, 550, and 580degreesC for various times. Our results indicate that in the beginning amorphous silicon is a disordered phase with robust medium-range order. Thermal annealing leads to disordering of the structure. Furthermore, we find that the activation energy of the disordering is about 2.7 eV, close to the activation energy for thermal relaxation (about 2.2 eV). Our finding suggests a strong correlation between structure disordering and thermal relaxation. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jcheng1@uiuc.edu RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1855 EP 1859 DI 10.1116/1.1507331 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 618XB UT WOS:000179441700005 ER PT J AU Yoganand, SN Jagannadham, K Karoui, A Wang, H AF Yoganand, SN Jagannadham, K Karoui, A Wang, H TI Integrated AlN/diamond heat spreaders for silicon device processing SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM NITRIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH AB Growth and characterization of AIN and diamond films on the backside of a Si (100) wafer and the integration of AIN/diamond heat spreaders into silicon device technology is investigated. AIN film was deposited by pulsed do reactive magnetron sputtering at 600degreesC and diamond film was deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition at 900 degreesC. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy for crystalline quality, by scanning electron microscopy for morphology, and by infrared thermography for heat spreading characteristics. The heat spreading characteristics of the silicon wafer with the composite AIN/ diamond films were found to be superior to that of wafers with no heat spreaders or to the wafer with either single layer diamond or single layer AIN heat spreaders. Deep level transient spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy were performed on the samples with and without the heat spreader to determine the concentration of the impurities that may have been introduced during deposition of AIN or diamond. The results showed that the purity of the wafers is not altered due to the deposition of AIN and diamond and subsequent device processing steps such as high temperature oxidation. The device characteristics were studied by fabrication of Schottky diodes on the wafers with the composite AIN/diamond heat spreader and compared with that of devices on wafers with no heat spreader. The device characteristics were found to be similar and unaffected by integration with an AIN/diamond heat spreader. Integration of AIN/diamond heat spreaders with silicon device processing has been shown to be successful. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Yoganand, SN (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Jagannadham, Kasichainula/A-2953-2008; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1974 EP 1982 DI 10.1116/1.1513643 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 618XB UT WOS:000179441700023 ER PT J AU Musket, RG Balooch, M AF Musket, RG Balooch, M TI Creation of stable, low work function surfaces on Si by implantation of 3 keV Cs+ SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID CESIUM ION-BOMBARDMENT; EMISSION AB Silicon surfaces having native oxides were implanted with 3 keV Cs+ ions and annealed. Implanted doses of 1, 1.7, and 3 X 10(16) Cs/cm(2) led to room-temperature work functions with stable, reproducible values of 2.3+/-0.15 eV after vacuum annealing at 100-560 degreesC. The resulting surfaces have been characterized with regard to the amount of Cs retained, the thermal and environmental stability of the work function, and the composition and chemistry of the implanted layer. The surface layers consisted of a compound of Si-Cs-O, which is compositionally stable to temperatures of similar to400 degreesC in vacuum. In addition, we found that these surfaces are stable with regard to exposures to background gases and ambient air. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Musket, RG (reprint author), Musket Consulting, El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2049 EP 2051 DI 10.1116/1.1517259 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 618XB UT WOS:000179441700034 ER PT J AU Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Visconti, P Yun, F Baski, AA King, T Morkoc, H Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Litton, CW AF Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Visconti, P Yun, F Baski, AA King, T Morkoc, H Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Litton, CW TI Comparative study of Ga- and N-polar GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE-EPITAXY; FACE ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES; LATTICE POLARITY; INVERSION DOMAIN; DEFECT STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SURFACE; DIFFRACTION; DEPENDENCE AB We report the surface, structural, and optical properties of typical Ga- and N-polar GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The Ga-polar films were grown on AlN buffer while the N-polar films were grown on GaN buffer layers. Atomic force microscopy imaging shows that the as-grown and chemically etched Ga-polar films have a flat and pitted surface while the N-polar surface is rougher with isolated columns or islands. Transmission, electron microscopy demonstrates a low density of inversion domains in the Ga-polar films, while a much higher density of inversion domains was observed in the N-polar films. X-ray diffraction curves show a narrower (002) peak for Ga-polar films than that for N-polar films. On the other hand, both Ga- and N-polar films show a similar width of (104) peak. Despite their rough surfaces, high density of inversion domains, and broader (002) x-ray diffraction peaks, N-polar films with low dislocation density were demonstrated. In addition, higher PL efficiency for the N-polar films than that for the Ga-polar films was observed. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. CNR, Ist Studio Nouvi Mat Elettron, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Huang, D (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; VISCONTI, PAOLO/L-7214-2015; OI VISCONTI, PAOLO/0000-0002-4058-4042; Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 26 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2256 EP 2264 DI 10.1116/1.1518969 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300016 ER PT J AU Klebanoff, LE Clift, WM Franco, N Bostedt, C Terminello, LJ AF Klebanoff, LE Clift, WM Franco, N Bostedt, C Terminello, LJ TI Assessment of extreme ultraviolet-induced charging of subtractive metal lithography masks SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACE; OXIDATION; ENERGY AB An assessment was made of the extent of charging induced in a patterned multilayer-based extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask and a model mask structure by exposure to EUV radiation.. An aluminum subtractive metal lithography mask, consisting of similar to1700 Angstrom of Al spaced from underlying Mo/Si multilayer by similar to500-700 Angstrom of SiO2, was taken as representative of subtractive metal masks in general. Photoelectron spectra measured from patterned and model mask Al samples during EUV exposures were compared with spectra from samples known not to, be charging. These studies indicate that EUV-induced charging of the Al absorber layer in the subtractive metal masks is zero to within similar to0.4 V accuracy. We speculate that the mask does not charge up due to an increase in the electrical conduction of the SiO2 spacer layer upon EUV irradiation. Irradiation of the spacer will create large numbers of low-energy secondary electrons in the SiO2 conduction band, providing a conducting path from the Al absorber layer to the electrically grounded Mo/Si multilayer. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Klebanoff, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2367 EP 2374 DI 10.1116/1.1520550 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300033 ER PT J AU Graham, S Steinhaus, C Clift, M Klebanoff, L AF Graham, S Steinhaus, C Clift, M Klebanoff, L TI Radio-frequency discharge cleaning of silicon-capped Mo/Si multilayer extreme ultraviolet optics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; SI; SURFACES AB Remote oxygen and hydrogen radio-frequency (rf) discharge cleaning experiments have been performed to explore their potential for cleaning carbon-contaminated extreme ultraviolet optics. The samples consisted of silicon wafers coated with 100 A sputtered carbon, as well as bare Mo/Si multilayer mirrors (Si terminated). The samples were exposed for 3 h to rf plasma discharges at 100, 200, and 300 W. The carbon removal and surface oxidation rates were evaluated using sputter through depth profiling Auger spectroscopy. Reflectivity changes and surface roughness measurements were performed using at-wavelength reflectometry (13.4 nm) and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Data show that excited rf O-2 consistently removes carbon at a rate approximately six times faster than excited rf H-2 for a given discharge power and pressure. rf O-2 also induces loss of reflectivity that is related to the growth of SiO2 on the optic surface. rf H-2 shows a much lower oxidation rate of the optic surface. In spite of the lowered oxidation risk, reflectivity loss in Mo/Si multilayers was still observed, although this loss is not related to surface oxidation. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Graham, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2393 EP 2400 DI 10.1116/1.1524153 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300037 ER PT J AU Strzhemechny, YM Smith, PE Bradley, ST Liao, DX Rockett, AA Ramanathan, K Brillson, LJ AF Strzhemechny, YM Smith, PE Bradley, ST Liao, DX Rockett, AA Ramanathan, K Brillson, LJ TI Near-surface electronic defects and morphology of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; CUINSE2; SEMICONDUCTOR; SPECTROSCOPY AB CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) is a leading candidate for high-efficiency solar cells, yet the defects and electronic structure that define performance are relatively unexplored. We employed low-energy depth-resolved cathodoluminescence to measure the local band and defect properties of epitaxial CIGS films having (002), (220)/(204), or (112) orientations on GaAs substrates. Along with a near-band-edge emission, room-temperature luminescence, spectra for all epitaxial samples reveal a well-defined deep-level transition confined within similar to100 nm of the surface. The intensity of this defect-related feature reaches a maximum at the surface relative to the near-band-edge peak. Polycrystalline CdS/CIGS/Mo/glass and CIGS/Mo/glass solar-cell layers were also studied. These exhibit a weaker deep-level emission modulated by CIGS-thickness-related optical cavity effects. The integrated intensity of this emission relative to the near-band-edge peak intensity is also a maximum at the surface and decreases into the sample. A strong deep-level emission due to CdS was also observed decaying with depth relative to the near-band-edge emission of the CIGS. The CdS emission was the only significant change in the polycrystalline emission spectrum with and without the CdS layer. The observed behavior is consistent with the existence of a nanoscale near-surface defective region whose properties can impact charge generation and recombination in solar energy-generating structures. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Strzhemechny, YM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. RI Rockett, Angus/B-5539-2013 OI Rockett, Angus/0000-0001-9759-8421 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2441 EP 2448 DI 10.1116/1.1526357 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300043 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Barhen, J Braiman, Y Zhong, JX AF Liu, Y Barhen, J Braiman, Y Zhong, JX TI Interference pattern formation from an array of coherent laser beams SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; FEATURES AB We present numerical analysis of interferometric patterns formed by multiple sources. Multiple beams can be achieved either from a synchronized laser array or by splitting a coherent light source. We assume Gaussian form for each beam, and all the beams are combined at the near field. The condition for achieving periodic structures with the feature size significantly smaller than lambda/4 is obtained. Multiple beam interference has the potential of achieving smaller feature size, less power requirement, and more flexibility than the conventional two-beam interferometric lithography method. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res Comp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res Comp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2602 EP 2605 DI 10.1116/1.1523396 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300069 ER PT J AU Baylor, LR Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML Thomas, CE Guillorn, MA Merkulov, VI Whealton, JH Ellis, ED Hensley, DK Melechko, AV AF Baylor, LR Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML Thomas, CE Guillorn, MA Merkulov, VI Whealton, JH Ellis, ED Hensley, DK Melechko, AV TI Digital electrostatic electron-beam array lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA ID ALIGNED CARBON NANOFIBERS; SYSTEMS AB A concept for maskless digital electrostatically focused e-beam array direct-write lithography (DEAL) has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This concept incorporates a digitally addressable field-emission array (DAFEA) integrated into a logic and control circuit implemented as an integrated circuit. The design goal is for 3000000 individually addressable field-emission cathodes with a 4 mum by 8 mum pitch on a single similar to1 cm(2) integrated circuit. The DAFEA design includes built-in electrostatic focusing for each emitter with feedback dose-control circuits to drive each emitter for tightly controlled electron delivery. With the electrostatic focusing, an array of similar to460 of these integrated circuits (up to 30 across by similar to23 rows deep) are suspended on a back plane similar to100 mum above a 300 mm semiconductor wafer. This arrangement could lithographically expose an entire 300 mm wafer, with 30 nm pixels, in less than 45 s, with every wafer pixel redundantly illuminated eight times allowing gray-scale edge placement. Only similar to1.5 cm of wafer motion is required for complete wafer exposure. High-speed data paths are proposed to program the patterns into the DAFEA to be written to the wafer. The DEAL concept thus requires no mask and can be extended to the 10 nm linewidth regime. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM baylorlr@ornl.gov RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 21 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2646 EP 2650 DI 10.1116/1.1520559 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300077 ER PT J AU Ji, Q Jiang, X King, TJ Leung, KN Standiford, K Wilde, SB AF Ji, Q Jiang, X King, TJ Leung, KN Standiford, K Wilde, SB TI Improvement in brightness of multicusp-plasma ion source SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; SYSTEM AB The beam brightness of a multicusp-plasma ion source has been substantially improved by optimizing the source configuration and extractor geometry. The current density of a 2 keV He+ beam extracted from a 7.5-cm-diameter source operating at 2.5 kW rf power. is similar to100 mA/cm(2), which is similar to10 times larger than that of a beam extracted from a 5-cm-diameter source operating, at 1 kW rf power. A smaller focused beam spot size is achieved with a counter-bored extractor instead of a conventional ("through-hole") extractor, resulting another order of magnitude improvement in beam current density. Measured beam brightness can be as high as 440 A/cm(2)Sr, which represents a 30 times improvement over prior work. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Keith Standiford Consulting Serv, Carmel, CA 93923 USA. RP Ji, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2717 EP 2720 DI 10.1116/1.1526694 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300092 ER PT J AU Machuca, F Liu, Z Sun, Y Pianetta, P Spicer, WE Pease, RFW AF Machuca, F Liu, Z Sun, Y Pianetta, P Spicer, WE Pease, RFW TI Role of oxygen in semiconductor negative electron affinity photocathodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA AB Source contamination, photovoltage effects, and stimulated election desorption of cesium are factors that determine the initial high performance and longevity of negative electron affinity electron sources. As part of the study of these factors, we investigate the effect of oxygen contamination during the activation process and operation of a traditional GaAs (100) and a novel GaN (0001) emitter. We use synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy, a focused mercury arc discharge lamp, and a helium neon (HeNe) laser to obtain simultaneously elemental analyses of the emitting surface and the corresponding total quantum yield at various stages, respectively, for GaN and GaAs. Our results indicate: (1) carbon uptake does not occur in our carbon free system over time, (2) oxygen uptake is observed for both GaN (0001) and GaAs (100) activated surfaces, a property common to the chemistry of the Cs/O adlayer, (3) the oxygen species appears to change over time and the initial species is assigned to an ion of nondissociated oxygen in the Cs/O activation layer, (4) the chemical changes of the Cs/O adlayer are not accompanied by a significant loss of cesium from the surface, and (5) the onset of decay of the quantum yield begins at a later time for the GaN (0001) emitter in comparison to the GaAs (100) electron source. A chemical model for the activation layer and its transformation over time is developed, consistent with points (1) through (4) in a separate report [F. Machuca et al. (unpublished)]. The complete account of the decay of the quantum yield of both Cs/O activated III-V emitters is compared and discussed in this article. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Machuca, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 NR 9 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2721 EP 2725 DI 10.1116/1.1521742 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300093 ER PT J AU Melechko, AV McKnight, TE Guillorn, MA Austin, DW Ilic, B Merkulov, VI Doktycz, MJ Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML AF Melechko, AV McKnight, TE Guillorn, MA Austin, DW Ilic, B Merkulov, VI Doktycz, MJ Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML TI Nanopipe fabrication using vertically aligned carbon nanofiber templates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID GROWTH AB We report a method to fabricate tubular nanostructures using vertically aligned carbon nanofibers grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition as templates. The resulting nanopipes are oriented perpendicular to the substrate and have internal diameters ranging from 30 to 200 nm and can be up to several micrometers in length. These nanopipes can be deterministically positioned on a substrate and arranged into singular devices or arrays. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Thin Film & Nanostruct Phys Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Melechko, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2730 EP 2733 DI 10.1116/1.1515306 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300095 ER PT J AU Zhong, JX Wells, JC Braiman, Y AF Zhong, JX Wells, JC Braiman, Y TI Surface diffusion and size evolution of nanostructures in laser-focused atomic deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID WEAK CORRUGATION REGIME; SELF-DIFFUSION; GROWTH; AL; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; SI(100); METALS AB We examine the effect of adatom diffusion on the size broadening of nanostructures in laser-focused deposition by considering two major diffusion processes, namely, terrace diffusion and step-edge descending. We find that adatom diffusion sets a limit of the structure size no matter how well focused the atomic beam. A criterion is derived from rate-equation analysis to predict the limiting size of the structure, which is further confirmed by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The criterion suggests that, for a given growth, system, the structure feature size can be minimized by increasing deposition flux rate or by decreasing growth temperature. Applications of the criterion to existing experiments are also discussed. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhong, JX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2758 EP 2762 DI 10.1116/1.1520558 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300101 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Persaud, A Park, SJ Meijer, J Kingsley, JR McDonald, JW Holder, JP Bokor, J Schneider, DH AF Schenkel, T Persaud, A Park, SJ Meijer, J Kingsley, JR McDonald, JW Holder, JP Bokor, J Schneider, DH TI Single ion implantation for solid state quantum computer development SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; SILICON; SLOW; EMISSION; SURFACES AB Several solid state quantum computer schemes are based on the manipulation of electron and/or nuclear spins of single P-31 atoms in a solid matrix. The fabrication of qubit arrays requires the placement of individual atoms with nanometer precision and high efficiency. We describe the status of our development of a low energy, single ion implantation scheme for P-31(q+) ions. High ion charge states enable registration of single ion impacts with unity efficiency through the detection of secondary electrons. Imaging contrast in secondary electron emission allows alignment of the implantation and integration with consecutive lithography steps. Critical issues of process integration and resolution limiting factors are discussed. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Charles Evans & Associates, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Phys, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM t_schenkel@lbl.gov RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2819 EP 2823 DI 10.1116/1.1518016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300115 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Attwood, D Batson, P Bokor, J Denham, P Gullikson, E Harteneck, B Hoef, B Jackson, K Olynick, D Rekawa, S Salmassi, F Blaedel, K Chapman, H Hale, L Mirkarimi, P Soufli, R Spiller, E Sweeney, D Taylor, J Walton, C O'Connell, D Tichenor, D Gwyn, CW Yan, PY Zhang, GJ AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Attwood, D Batson, P Bokor, J Denham, P Gullikson, E Harteneck, B Hoef, B Jackson, K Olynick, D Rekawa, S Salmassi, F Blaedel, K Chapman, H Hale, L Mirkarimi, P Soufli, R Spiller, E Sweeney, D Taylor, J Walton, C O'Connell, D Tichenor, D Gwyn, CW Yan, PY Zhang, GJ TI Sub-70 nm extreme ultraviolet lithography at the Advanced Light Source static microfield exposure station using the engineering test stand set-2 optic SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID POINT DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER; RADIATION; SYSTEM AB Static microfield printing capabilities have recently been integrated into the extreme ultraviolet interferometer operating at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron radiation facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The static printing capabilities include a fully programmable scanning illumination system enabling the synthesis of arbitrary illumination coherence (pupil fill). This new exposure station has been used to lithographically characterize the static imaging performance of the Engineering Test Stand Set-2 optic. Excellent performance has been demonstrated down to the 70 nm equal line/space level with focus latitude exceeding 1 mum and dose latitude of approximately 10%. Moreover, equal line/space printing down,to a resolution of 50 nm has been demonstrated using resolution-enhancing pupil fills., (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS2-400,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; NR 14 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2829 EP 2833 DI 10.1116/1.1524976 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300117 ER PT J AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Bokor, J Chapman, HN Barty, A AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Bokor, J Chapman, HN Barty, A TI Testing extreme ultraviolet optics with visible-light and extreme ultraviolet interferometry SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER; EUV; ALIGNMENT; SYSTEM; TOOL AB Optics for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography arguably have the most strict fabrication tolerances of any optical systems fabricated to date, and the development of EUV lithography pushes advanced optical fabrication techniques toward never before realized levels of figure accuracy and finish quality. As EUV lithography advances toward viability, the need for ultrahigh-accuracy wave front metrology tools has never been greater. To enable the development of diffraction-limited EUV optical systems, visible-light and EUV interferometries must work in close collaboration. We present a detailed comparison of EUV arid visible-light wave front measurements performed across the field of view of a lithographic-quality projection optical system designed for use in the Engineering Test Stand developed by the Virtual National Laboratory and the EUV Limited Liability Company. The comparisons reveal that the present level of root mean square agreement lies in the 0.3-0.4 nm range, with an agreement of 0.15+/-0.03 nm, excluding astigmatism. Astigmatism is the most significant aberration component for the alignment of this optical system; it is also the dominant term in the discrepancy; and the aberration with the highest measurement uncertainty. With EUV optical systems requiring total wave front quality in the lambda(EUV)/50 (0.25 nm) range, and even higher surface-figure quality for the individual mirror elements (similar to0.1 nm), improved accuracy through future comparisons, and additional studies, are required. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Barty, Anton/K-5137-2014; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Barty, Anton/0000-0003-4751-2727; NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2834 EP 2839 DI 10.1116/1.1523401 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300118 ER PT J AU Tejeda, R Engelstad, R Lovell, E Blaedel, K AF Tejeda, R Engelstad, R Lovell, E Blaedel, K TI Particle-induced distortion in extreme ultraviolet lithography reticles during exposure chucking SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA AB Since the goal of extreme ultraviolet lithography is to produce circuit patterns with critical dimensions less than 65 nm, a key to its success will be to identify and minimize the major sources of image placement (IP) error at the wafer. Two sources of IP error are in-plane distortion (IPD) and out-of-plane deformation (OPD) of the patterned reticle during chucking in the exposure tool. Among the many possible causes of IPD and OPD is particle contamination. Small pieces of debris lodged between the reticle and chuck have the potential to distort the pattern that is transferred to the device wafer. Such distortions may consume an unduly large portion of the error budget allotted to image placement. In order to limit these IP errors, it is first necessary to gain a thorough understanding of the behavior of a particle trapped during the chucking process. This article describes the techniques that were used to study these trapped particles and their potential effects on pattern placement accuracy. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Computat Mech Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tejeda, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Computat Mech Ctr, 1513 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2840 EP 2843 DI 10.1116/1.1518017 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300119 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Tichenor, DA Naulleau, P AF Lee, SH Tichenor, DA Naulleau, P TI Lithographic aerial-image contrast measurement in the extreme ultraviolet engineering test stand SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID EUV AB An important metric in determining both system and optic performance is aerial-image contrast. Here, we describe aerial-image contrast characterization for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Engineering Test Stand prototype EUV stepper. The system has been characterized operating with a developmental projection optic (the set-1 optic). Characterization was performed using the resist-clearing (Kirk) method and the results were compared to simulations based on the known system parameters. In this method, the image contrast is determined from the dose required to clear the bright features and the dose required to clear the dark features in a pattern of dense lines and spaces. Comparisons to simulations have shown discrepancies that increase as the contrast dose is reduced. Although various potential sources exist for these discrepancies (as described herein), analysis points to finite resist resolution as being the primary cause. An empirical model that accounts for finite resist resolution in aerial-image contrast measurements is presented. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Intel Corp, 2200 Miss Coll Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2849 EP 2852 DI 10.1116/1.1526354 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300121 ER PT J AU Lenhart, JL Jones, RL Lin, EK Soles, CL Wu, WL Fischer, DA Sambasivan, S Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Lenhart, JL Jones, RL Lin, EK Soles, CL Wu, WL Fischer, DA Sambasivan, S Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M TI Probing surface and bulk chemistry in resist films using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESISTS; DEEP-ULTRAVIOLET RESISTS; AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION AB The performance of chemically amplified photoresists is extremely sensitive to interfacial and surface phenomena, which cause deviations in the pattern profile near an interface. Striking examples include T-topping or closure near the air/resist interface and footing or undercutting near the resist/substrate interface. One focus of our research is to identify mechanisms that cause lithographic patterns to deviate near interfaces. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is a powerful tool that can be developed and adapted to probe for detailed chemical information near lithographically relevant interfaces. NEXAFS showed that our model resist films exhibited significant surface segregation of the photo acid generator (PAG) at the air interface. The PAG surface mole fraction was 20-70 times greater than the bulk mole fraction and the amount of surface segregation was dependent on the polarity of the polymer. NEXAFS also revealed that the PAG surface fraction was reduced after a postexposure bake. In the absence of delay times between processing steps, the PAG surface enhancement led to a faster deprotection reaction rate near the air, interface relative to the bulk. However, when significant postexposure delay times were incorporated into the processing, NEXAFS showed that the surface deprotection reaction was incomplete after postexposure baking. Comparison of carbon K-edge, and oxygen K-edge NEXAFS spectra showed that the incomplete surface reaction was localized at the air interface. While delay effects have previously been linked to deterioration of resist performance, NEXAFS proved to be a valuable tool for providing detailed chemical specificity about the resist surface composition and deprotection kinetics. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Bldg 897,Mail Stop 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2920 EP 2926 DI 10.1116/1.1524970 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300135 ER PT J AU Dentinger, PM Hunter, LL O'Connell, DJ Gunn, S Goods, D Fedynyshyn, TH Goodman, RB Astolfi, DK AF Dentinger, PM Hunter, LL O'Connell, DJ Gunn, S Goods, D Fedynyshyn, TH Goodman, RB Astolfi, DK TI Photospeed considerations for extreme ultraviolet lithography resists SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID DEEP-ULTRAVIOLET; X-RAY; EXPOSURE AB Photospeed is a prime consideration for wafer throughput of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Faster photoresists additionally provide system advantages such as less thermal management of the mirrors and mask, and potentially increased, component lifetimes. However, there are some predicted detrimental considerations when using fast photoresists such as shot noise. In this article, we report details of the formulation of photoresists exposed at 248 nm and identical formulations exposed at 13.4 nm. Compositions typically contained co- or terpolymers of poly-4-hydroxystyrene, t-butyl acrylate and as an option, styrene, a photoacid generator of bis-t-butylphenyl iodonium camphorsulfonate or perfluoroxbenzensulfonate and tetrabutyalummonium or triphenylsulphonium hydroxide base. With these formulations, the EUV photospeed was varied from 34 to 2.7 mJ/cm(2). Scanning electron microscope analysis was done for all wafers at Sandia using GORA software to determine the line-edge roughness (LER). Identical formulations were exposed at photon dense deep UV (DUV) wavelengths and comparatively photon-sparse EUV wavelengths. Therefore, ratioing the LER of identical formulations exposed at. DUV minimizes the confounding effects of formulation changes that affect dissolution, resolution, etc. A plot of the line-edge roughness ratio of LEREUV /LERDUV as a function of the photospeed was used to gain insight into the effect of shot noise on the LER of dense lines. If shot noise effects were dominating the LER for EUV then the ratio would increase above the nominal value as the dose to size was decreased. It is clear that the current generation of DUV resists, with the invention of no new material required, can be reformulated to satisfy the photospeed specification of 5 mJ/cm2 for EUV lithography and no shot noise effects have been observed. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Dentinger, PM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 9403,7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2962 EP 2967 DI 10.1116/1.1520561 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300143 ER PT J AU Park, M Yi, M Mirkarimi, P Larson, C Bokor, J AF Park, M Yi, M Mirkarimi, P Larson, C Bokor, J TI Characterization of extreme ultraviolet lithography mask defects by actinic inspection with broadband extreme ultraviolet illumination SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA AB We present our study on actinic detection of defects on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography mask blanks with broadband EUV illumination from a synchrotron light source. A mirror blank was substituted for the monochromator grating in the synchrotron beamline. This increases the spectral bandwidth that is taken from the broadband synchrotron beam by 1 order of magnitude, leading to a commensurate increase in the total available flux. The detection sensitivity of this actinic inspection system is able to reach approximately 20 nn in equivalent defect size. This has been determined through cross correlation experiments done with commercial visible-light inspection tools. Experimental results also show that this broadband EUV inspection system has a capability of detecting phase defects with 5 nm surface height. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 3000 EP 3005 DI 10.1116/1.1523397 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300150 ER PT J AU Thesen, AE Frost, BG Joy, DC AF Thesen, AE Frost, BG Joy, DC TI Two-dimensional dopant profiling of ultrashallow junctions by electron holography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID RESOLUTION AB Electron holography using a transmission electron microscope equipped with a Moellenstedt biprism has emerged as a viable technique for creating two-dimensional voltage maps of semiconductor devices. We. are presenting an introduction to this dopant profiling method. Practical details are given on sample preparation, instrumentational considerations, and data interpretation. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thesen, AE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, 401 Nielson Phys Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 3063 EP 3066 DI 10.1116/1.1523022 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300163 ER PT J AU Joo, C Pati, GS Chen, CG Konkola, PT Heilmann, RK Schattenburg, ML Liddle, A Anderson, EH AF Joo, C Pati, GS Chen, CG Konkola, PT Heilmann, RK Schattenburg, ML Liddle, A Anderson, EH TI Precision fringe metrology using a Fresnel zone plate SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA AB In scanning beam interference lithography, a resist-coated substrate is scanned under phase-locked interfering beams to pattern large gratings or grids with nanometer level distortions. To achieve design goals, it is required to measure the spatial period, phase, and rotation of the interference fringes in real-time with high precision. In this article, we report the use of a Fresnel zone plate to characterize interference fringes. With properly controlled errors, it should enable us to achieve high precision measurement of fringe characteristics for a wide range of fringe periods. The mathematical model, details of the metrological procedure, and experimental results are presented. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Joo, C (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Rm 37-432, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009; OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Joo, Chulmin/0000-0002-1812-2976 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 3075 EP 3079 DI 10.1116/1.1523018 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300166 ER PT J AU Schneider, G Meyer, MA Denbeaux, G Anderson, E Bates, B Pearson, A Knochel, C Hambach, D Stach, EA Zschech, E AF Schneider, G Meyer, MA Denbeaux, G Anderson, E Bates, B Pearson, A Knochel, C Hambach, D Stach, EA Zschech, E TI Electromigration in passivated Cu interconnects studied by transmission x-ray microscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID MICROSTRUCTURE AB Time-resolved x-ray microscopy studies of the electromigration in inlaid Cu line/via structures were performed on focused-ion-beam-prepared cross sections of an advanced interconnect layer system. Multiple x-ray images were recorded at 1.8 keV photon energy while stressing the passivated Cu structures with an applied current. The image sequences show that void formation is a dynamic process, with voids being observed to nucleate and grow within the Cu via and migrate towards the via sidewall. Correlation of the real time x-ray microscopy images with postmortem high voltage transmission electron and scanning electron micrographs indicates that the void nucleation occurs at grain boundaries in the copper, and that the voids migrate along these grain boundaries during electromigration. By taking multiple images at different viewing angles, the three-dimensional arrangement of an interconnect stack with Cu line / via structures was reconstructed. In future studies time-resolved tomography will be used to visualize void dynamics within the volume, thereby identifying pathways for Cu diffusion. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AMD Saxony Mfg GmbH, D-01330 Dresden, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schneider, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 3089 EP 3094 DI 10.1116/1.1523403 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300169 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, B Minner, M Coyle, ST Harbor, J AF Bhaduri, B Minner, M Coyle, ST Harbor, J TI Closure to "Long-Term Hydrologic Impact of Urbanization: A Tale of Two Models" by Budhendra Bhaduri, Marie Minner, Susan Tatalovich, and Jon Harbor SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAND-USE CHANGE; RUNOFF C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. WesternGeco, Houston, TX 77042 USA. Fuller Mossbarger Scott & May Engn Inc, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bhaduri, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008,MS 6237, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bhaduribl@ornl.gov; marie.minner@westerngeco.com; scoyle@fmsmengineers.com; jharbor@purdue.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 128 IS 6 BP 463 EP 464 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:6(463) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 610CP UT WOS:000178943400012 ER PT J AU Socki, RA Perry, EC Romanek, CS AF Socki, RA Perry, EC Romanek, CS TI Stable isotope systematics of two cenotes from the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CHICXULUB IMPACT CRATER; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SULFATE REDUCTION; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; FRACTIONATION; BACTERIA; DISPROPORTIONATION; OXIDATION; SULFIDE; GROWTH AB Deep water-filled sinkholes, cenotes, are common in the northern Yucatan Peninsula. At least five of these cenotes are deep enough to extend through a freshwater lens of meteoric origin in which delta(18)O and deltaD follow the trend deltaD = 8.11 X delta(18)O + 10.4. Below this freshwater lies saline water that originated as seawater and has retained its seawater isotopic identity. Deep cenotes, characterized by input of variable amounts of organic debris from tropical vegetation and by poor circulation below the fresh-/saltwater interface, provide excellent water columns in which to Study sulfur redox phenomena. Measurements include 0, H, and S isotope composition, conductivity, Sulfur speciation, and pH from two cenotes (Ucil, 98 in deep, and Xcolac, 125 in deep). Strong I'S enrichment of sulfate and S-34 depletion of sulfide indicate anaerobic bacterial reduction of sulfate. A shift in the isotopic composition of sulfur in Xcolac from a seawater value of +21.0% (CDT) to +41.8% indicates conversion of sulfate to isotopically light sulfide. Mass balance calculations indicate that escape of isotopically light sulfur from the system is a slow process. At 80 in in Xcolac, a difference in sulfur isotope composition between sulfate and sulfide (Delta(34)S) of 63.2parts per thousand is observed and could be the result of multiple sulfate reduction reactions. Higher in the water column, sulfide oxidation occurs, probably the result of bacterially mediated sulfide oxidation processes. A deep observation well (lacking organic matter input) shows only a slight deviation in sulfur isotope composition Of Sulfate from seawater values. C1 Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Lockheed Martin, Houston, TX 77058 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Socki, RA (reprint author), Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Lockheed Martin, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1808 EP 1818 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 622ME UT WOS:000179650200024 ER PT J AU Bansil, R Nie, H Li, Y Liao, G Ludwig, K Steinhart, M Konak, C Lal, J AF Bansil, R Nie, H Li, Y Liao, G Ludwig, K Steinhart, M Konak, C Lal, J TI Structure and ordering kinetics of micelles in triblock copolymer solutions in selective solvents SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Conference on Scattering Methods for the Investigation of Polymers CY JUL 09-12, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; SEMIDILUTE SOLUTIONS; DISORDER TRANSITION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; DYNAMICS; MICRODOMAINS; NUCLEATION; GROWTH AB We have used small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to study the micelle structure of a polystyrene-block-poly(etheiie-co-butene)-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer in dilute-semidilute solutions in solvents selective for either the outer styrene block (dioxane) or for the middle block (heptane or tetradecane). Measurements of equilibrium structure factors showed that micelles were formed in both types of selective solvents. In the case of dioxane, the micelles are isolated whereas in the case of heptane or tetradecane, a bridged micellar structure may be formed at higher copolymer concentrations. In both cases we observed an ordered cubic structure of insoluble domains (micellar cores) at high concentrations (> 8 %). The micellar scattering function was fit to the Percus-Yevick interacting hard-sphere model. The temperature dependence of the core radius, the hard-sphere interaction radius and the volume fraction of hard spheres were obtained. We also used synchrotron-based time-resolved SAXS to examine the kinetics of ordering of the micelles on a cubic lattice for many different temperature jumps into the ordered cubic phase starting from the disordered micellar fluid phase in different solvents at different concentrations. The time evolution of the structure changes was determined by fitting the data with Gaussians to describe the structure factor of the ordered Bragg peaks and the Percus-Yevick structure factor was used to describe the micellar fluid. The time dependence of the peak intensities and widths as well as of the micellar parameters will be presented. The results showing the kinetics of the transformation from the fluid to the ordered phase were analyzed using the Mehl-Johnson-Avrami theory of nucleation. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, CR-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bansil, R (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Steinhart, Milos/H-6968-2014; Konak, Cestmir/H-7177-2014 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 190 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1002/masy.200290012 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 642EQ UT WOS:000180791600015 ER PT J AU Wignall, GD Benoit, H Hashimoto, T Higgins, JS King, S Lodge, TP Mortensen, K Ryan, AJ AF Wignall, GD Benoit, H Hashimoto, T Higgins, JS King, S Lodge, TP Mortensen, K Ryan, AJ TI Progress in SANS studies of polymer systems (panel discussion) SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID SCATTERING FACILITY; NEUTRON; COPOLYMERS C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Charles Sadron, Strasbourg, France. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wignall, GD (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Mortensen, Kell/A-5066-2009; King, Stephen/A-1204-2014; Ryan, Anthony/D-9294-2016; OI Mortensen, Kell/0000-0002-8998-9390; King, Stephen/0000-0003-3386-9151; Ryan, Anthony/0000-0001-7737-0526; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 EI 1521-3900 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 190 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1002/masy.200290014 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 642EQ UT WOS:000180791600017 ER PT J AU Forde, CE McCutchen-Maloney, SL AF Forde, CE McCutchen-Maloney, SL TI Characterization of transcription factors by mass spectrometry and the role of SELDI-MS SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAY; VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; IN-GEL DIGESTION; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; HUMAN GENOME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FACTOR COMPLEXES AB Over the last decade, much progress has been made in the field of biological mass spectrometry, with numerous advances in technology, resolution, and affinity capture. The field of genomics has also been transformed by the sequencing and characterization of entire genomes. Some of the next challenges lie in understanding the relationship between the genome and the proteome, the protein complement of the genome, and in characterizing the regulatory processes involved in progressing from gene to functional, protein. In this new age of proteomics, development of mass spectrometry methods to characterize transcription factors promises to add greatly to our understanding of regulatory networks that govern expression. However, at this time, regulatory networks of transcription factors are mostly uncharted territory. In this review,, we summarize the latest advances in characterization of transcription factors by mass spectrometry including affinity capture, identification of complexes of DNA-binding proteins, structural characterization, determination of protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions, assessment of modification sites and metal binding, studies of functional activity, and the latest chip technologies that use SELDI-MS that allow the rapid capture and identification of transcription factors. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biodef Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biodef Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 East Ave,L-448, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM smaloney@llnl.gov NR 113 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-7037 EI 1098-2787 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 419 EP 439 DI 10.1002/mas.10040 PG 21 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 671CQ UT WOS:000182448000003 PM 12666149 ER PT J AU Puzder, A Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Galli, G AF Puzder, A Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Galli, G TI Passivation effects of silicon nanoclusters SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN-6) CY JUL 09-12, 2001 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA DE silicon nanoclusters; photoluminescence; impurity passivants ID QUANTUM DOTS; SI NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LUMINESCENCE; CONFINEMENT; CLUSTERS AB We employ density functional and quantum Monte Carlo calculations to show that significant changes occur in the gap of fully hydrogenated nanoclusters when the surface contains impurity passivants such as atomic oxygen. Our results show that quantum confinement is only one mechanism responsible for visible photoluminescence (PL) in silicon nanoclusters and that the specific surface chemistry must be taken into account in order to interpret experimental results. In the case of oxygen, the gap reduction computed as a function of the nanocluster size provides a consistent interpretation of several recent experiments. Furthermore, we predict that other double bonded groups also significantly affect the optical gap, while single bonded groups have a minimal influence. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Puzder, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 80 EP 85 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00295-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00295-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 609DP UT WOS:000178888600004 ER PT J AU Pizzagalli, L Galli, G AF Pizzagalli, L Galli, G TI Surface reconstruction effects on atomic properties of semiconducting nanoparticles SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN-6) CY JUL 09-12, 2001 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA DE germanium; clusters; density functional calculations; molecular dynamics; surface relaxation and reconstruction; quantum effects ID GE NANOCRYSTALS; VISIBLE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SI NANOCRYSTALS; GERMANIUM; CLUSTERS; EXCITONS; MATRIX; GROWTH AB We have performed first-principles and empirical molecular dynamics calculations of the effect of size and surface reconstruction on the atomic structure properties of small Ge nanoparticles (1-2.5 nm). Systems with ideal H-passivated surfaces, or bare reconstructed surfaces have been considered. We show that the surface reconstruction leads to a very strong volume contraction of the nanoparticles, equivalent to an applied pressure of 4 GPa for a 2 nm nanoparticle. We also found that the surface reconstruction shifts significantly the optic mode peak of the vibrational spectrum, thus preventing a straightforward size determination from Raman spectroscopy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Met Phys Lab, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pizzagalli, L (reprint author), Met Phys Lab, SP2M1,BP 30179, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. RI Pizzagalli, Laurent/A-1445-2013 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 86 EP 89 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00296-9 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00296-9 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 609DP UT WOS:000178888600005 ER PT J AU Taylor, BR Fox, GA Hope-Weeks, LJ Maxwell, RS Kauzlarich, SM Lee, HWH AF Taylor, BR Fox, GA Hope-Weeks, LJ Maxwell, RS Kauzlarich, SM Lee, HWH TI Solution preparation of Ge nanoparticles with chemically tailored surfaces SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN-6) CY JUL 09-12, 2001 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA DE Ge nanoparticles; Zintl salts; alkyllithium reagents ID POROUS SILICON; GERMANIUM; NANOCLUSTERS; NANOCRYSTALS; ROUTE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. UltraPhoton Inc, Fremont, CA 94536 USA. RP Taylor, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Kauzlarich, Susan/H-1439-2011 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 90 EP 93 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00297-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00297-0 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 609DP UT WOS:000178888600006 ER PT J AU Catellani, A Pizzagalli, L Galli, G AF Catellani, A Pizzagalli, L Galli, G TI Si and H adsorption on the silicon terminated beta-SiC(001) surface: an ab initio study SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN-6) CY JUL 09-12, 2001 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA DE silicon carbide; density functional calculations; chemisorption; surface relaxation and reconstruction; hydrogen atom ID ASYMMETRIC-DIMER RECONSTRUCTION; FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; C-INCORPORATION MECHANISMS; CUBIC SIC(001) SURFACES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; SI(100) SURFACE; SI(001); SPECTROSCOPY; CARBIDE AB We review some recent results on the stoichiometric silicon terminated Sic(001) surface: in particular, we discuss the effect of strain on the clean surface, and the subsequent adsorption of Si and H atoms, by means of first principles molecular dynamics simulations. The structural modifications induced by hydrogenation on the stable reconstruction for the clean SiC surface compare fairly well with recent experimental data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, MASPEC, I-43010 Parma, Italy. Met Phys Lab, SP2MI, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Catellani, A (reprint author), CNR, MASPEC, Parco Area Sci 37A, I-43010 Parma, Italy. RI Pizzagalli, Laurent/A-1445-2013; OI Catellani, Alessandra/0000-0001-5197-7186 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00303-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00303-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 609DP UT WOS:000178888600012 ER PT J AU Consorte, CD Fong, CY Watson, MD Yang, LH Ciraci, S AF Consorte, CD Fong, CY Watson, MD Yang, LH Ciraci, S TI Model study of a surfactant on the GaAs (100) surface SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN-6) CY JUL 09-12, 2001 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA DE GaAs (100) surface; atoms; monolayers ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GAAS(001) AB Based on the facts that: (a) the transverse acoustic vibrational branch frequency is softened at the Brillouin zone boundaries of crystalline GaAs; (b) at the surface, the Ga-As bond is stronger than Ga-Te bond; and (c) the requirement that the final bond orientation of the Te surfactant should be rotated by 90degrees with respect to its initial orientation, we carried out a model study of an exchange process in epitaxial growth of GaAs (100). Even with very restrictive conditions imposed on the atomic movements, this study explains why Te is an effective surfactant for this type of growth. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. RP Fong, CY (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fong@physics.ucdavis.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 141 EP 144 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00305-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00305-7 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 609DP UT WOS:000178888600014 ER PT J AU Federman, S Miller, LM Sagi, I AF Federman, S Miller, LM Sagi, I TI Following matrix metalloproteinases activity near the cell boundary by infrared micro-spectroscopy SO MATRIX BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extracellular matrix; infrared micro-spectroscopy; matrix metalloproteinases; imaging; pericellular ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TISSUE INHIBITOR; COLLAGEN MATRIX; TUMOR-CELLS; ACTIVATION; SURFACE; INVASION; DEGRADATION; PRO-MMP-2; INTEGRIN AB Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are cell-secreted soluble and membrane-tethered enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. These proteases play a key role in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, wound repair, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Yet, there is insufficient knowledge on the mode by which cell-produced MMPs conduct their action on the ECM. Specifically, the localization and the mode of the degradation within the pericellular space are of great interest. To provide new insights to these questions we utilized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) micro-spectroscopy to follow proteolytic processes, induced by invasive cancer cells, on insoluble collagen-based matrices. Here we show that FTIR micro-spectroscopy have a great potential for monitoring degradation events near cells. Using this tool we demonstrate that the net proteolysis is unevenly distributed around the cell boundary. The degradation patterns show different levels of proteolytic activity by MMPs within the pericellular space. In addition, our spectral analysis suggests that the enzymatic proteolysis of the collagen-based matrices induces unwinding of the triple helical structures of the macromolecules within the collagen network. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. and International Society of Matrix Biology. All rights reserved. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sagi, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0945-053X J9 MATRIX BIOL JI Matrix Biol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 567 EP 577 AR PII S0945-053X(02)00089-6 DI 10.1016/S0945-053X(02)00089-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 627HW UT WOS:000179928600003 PM 12475641 ER PT J AU Woods, RO AF Woods, RO TI Drawing on experience SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 11 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 610HJ UT WOS:000178954400030 ER PT J AU von Wittenau, AES Logan, CM Aufderheide, MB Slone, DM AF von Wittenau, AES Logan, CM Aufderheide, MB Slone, DM TI Blurring artifacts in megavoltage radiography with a flat-panel imaging system: Comparison of Monte Carlo simulations with measurements SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DETECTORS; PHOTON-BEAM; ELECTRON CONTAMINATION; DOSE CALCULATIONS; PHASE-SPACE; RADIOTHERAPY; SCREENS; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Originally designed for use at medical-imaging x-ray energies, imaging systems comprising scintillating screens and amorphous Si detectors are also used at the megavoltage photon energies typical of portal imaging and industrial radiography. While image blur at medical-imaging x-ray energies is strongly influenced both by K-shell fluorescence and by the transport of optical photons within the scintillator layer, at higher photon energies the image blur is dominated by radiation scattered from the detector housing and internal support structures. We use Monte Carlo methods to study the blurring in a notional detector: a series of semi-infinite layers with material compositions, thicknesses, and densities similar to those of a commercially available flat-panel amorphous Si detector system comprising a protective housing, a gadolinium oxysulfide scintillator screen, and associated electronics. We find that the image blurring, as described by a point-spread function (PSF), has three length scales. The first component, with a submillimeter length scale, arises from electron scatter within the scintillator and detection electronics. The second component, with a millimeter-to-centimeter length scale, arises from electrons produced in the front cover of the detector. The third component, with a length scale of tens of centimeters, arises from photon scatter by the back cover of the detector. The relative contributions of each of these components to the overall PSF vary with incident photon energy. We present an algorithm that includes the energy-dependent sensitivity and energy-dependent PSF within a ray-tracing formalism. We find quantitative agreement (similar to2%) between predicted radiographs with radiographs of copper step wedges, taken with a 9 MV bremsstrahlung source and a commercially available flat-panel system. The measured radiographs show the blurring artifacts expected from both the millimeter-scale electron transport and from the tens-of-centimeters length scale arising from the scattered photon transport. Calculations indicate that neglect of the energy-dependent blurring would lead to discrepancies in the apparent transmission of these wedges of the order of 9%. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP von Wittenau, AES (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schachvonwittenau1@llnl.gov NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2559 EP 2570 DI 10.1118/1.1513159 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 617CG UT WOS:000179342200014 ER PT J AU Agarwal, H Gokhale, AM Graham, S Horstemeyer, MF AF Agarwal, H Gokhale, AM Graham, S Horstemeyer, MF TI Anisotropy of intermetallic particle cracking damage evolution in an Al-Mg-Si base wrought aluminum alloy under uniaxial compression SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SILICON PARTICLES; NUCLEATION; STEEL AB Particle cracking is an important damage mode in numerous engineering alloys having anisotropic microstructures. In this contribution, cracking of anisotropic Fe-rich intermetallic particles in an extruded 6061 (T651) Al-alloy is quantitatively characterized as a function of compressive strain for two loading directions. The Fe-rich intermetallic particles rotate when a compressive load is applied parallel to the extrusion direction, which in turn affects the particle cracking process. At low compressive strains, the number fraction of cracked Fe-rich particles is higher in specimens loaded perpendicular to the extrusion axis as compared to that in specimens loaded parallel to the extrusion axis. However, the reverse is true at the high strain levels. These differences in damage evolution are explained on the basis of particle rotations and microstructural anisotropy. C1 Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Agarwal, H (reprint author), Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3443 EP 3448 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0331-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 614LA UT WOS:000179189700013 ER PT J AU Lassila, DH Goldberg, A Becker, R AF Lassila, DH Goldberg, A Becker, R TI The effect of grain boundaries on the athermal stress of tantalum and tantalum-tungsten alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL THRESHOLD STRESS; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; PENCIL GLIDE; FLOW-STRESS; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; BEHAVIOR; METALS; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS AB The temperature dependence of the yield stress of polycrystalline Ta, Ta-2.47 wt pct W (Ta-2.5W), and Ta-9.80 wt pct W (Ta-10W) was measured to study the effect of grain boundaries and tungsten concentration on athermal strength components. Compression tests were performed over a temperature range from 77 to 1223 K at strain rates of 10(-4) and 10(-1) s(-1). The test results show that the yield stress of Ta becomes independent of temperature above about 400 K, indicating an "athermal" regime. In contrast, the temperature dependence of yield stress was still significant for Ta-10W up to the maximum test temperature. An analysis of the test data using single-crystal data in conjunction with Taylor factors was performed to assess the effect of grain boundaries on the athermal component of flow stress at 600 K. The results indicated that the long-range athermal stress at the yield point due to grain boundaries is approximately 13 to 41 MPa for the study materials and decreases with an increase in tungsten concentration. These results are discussed with regard to constitutive modeling of flow stress. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lassila, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3457 EP 3464 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0333-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 614LA UT WOS:000179189700015 ER PT J AU He, LM Putyera, K Meyer, JD Walker, LR Lee, WY AF He, LM Putyera, K Meyer, JD Walker, LR Lee, WY TI Depth profiling of Hf-doped aluminide coating by glow-discharge mass spectrometry SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Shiva Technol Inc, Syracuse, NY 13211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP He, LM (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3578 EP 3582 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0348-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 614LA UT WOS:000179189700030 ER PT J AU Peele, AG Irving, THK Nugent, KA Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Christenson, TR AF Peele, AG Irving, THK Nugent, KA Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Christenson, TR TI Production issues for high aspect ratio Lobster-eye optics using LIGA SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Microstructure Technology (HARMST 2001) CY JUN, 2001 CL CHIB, JAPAN ID X-RAY OPTICS AB A square packed array of square-channels with long channel axis aligned radially is a useful structure for condensing grazing incidence flux to a focus. These devices, known as Lobster-eye optics for their similarity to the eyes of the macruran crustaceans, show great promise as the focusing optic in the next generation of X-ray all-sky monitors. At X-ray wavelengths the optimal Lobster-eye structure requires an aspect ratio of channel length to width of greater than 30:1. Following recent success in fabricating a low aspect ratio Lobster-eye structure, we discuss some of the parameters for, and production issues involved in making, a useful Lobster-eye prototype using LIGA. We report on our initial attempts to produce high aspect ratio Lobster-eye optics using the LIGA process with a graphite substrate. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Photon & Microfabricat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peele, AG (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s00542-002-0196-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 627HY UT WOS:000179928800011 ER PT J AU Nilson, RH Griffiths, SK Ting, A AF Nilson, RH Griffiths, SK Ting, A TI Modeling acoustic agitation for enhanced development of PMMA resists SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Microstructure Technology (HARMST 2001) CY JUN, 2001 CL CHIB, JAPAN ID FABRICATION AB Although acoustic agitation is known to enhance the development rate of LIGA resists, the operative physical mechanism is not well understood. Analytical and numerical models presented here suggest that the observed enhancement results from steady acoustic streaming and associated polymer fragment transport induced by the high frequency sound waves. The computed steady flow within the feature is torroidal with downflow along the feature walls and upflow in the center. The numerically calculated enhancement of fragment transport is shown to be well approximated by a closed-form expression based on a pair of asymptotic formulas for weak and strong agitation. These transport models are combined with a model of PMMA dissolution kinetics and used to predict development rates for a range of LIGA feature sizes. The results are in good agreement with experimental data from Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nilson, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00542-002-0212-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 627HY UT WOS:000179928800021 ER PT J AU Moldovan, N Mancini, DC Divan, R Makarova, OV Peele, A Podolak, KR AF Moldovan, N Mancini, DC Divan, R Makarova, OV Peele, A Podolak, KR TI Side wall roughness in ultradeep X-ray lithography SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Microstructure Technology (HARMST 2001) CY JUN, 2001 CL CHIB, JAPAN AB An experimental characterization of the roughness of side walls in ultradeep, hard X-ray lithography was performed. Several sources of roughness were distinguished: the roughness of the absorber layer on the mask, the roughness of the mask substrate, nonhomogeneities in the X-ray beam, incomplete developing, cracks generated in the PMMA, and the thermal treatment of PMMA. The intrinsic roughness of the correctly developed PMMA was estimated to about 4 nm rms. The best results showed an anisotropy of roughness with minimal values of 4 nm rms along the Oz direction (parallel with the X-ray beam) and 25 nm rms in the Ox direction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Creatv MicroTech Inc, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Moldovan, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s00542-002-0218-2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 627HY UT WOS:000179928800024 ER PT J AU Zunger, A Wang, LG Hart, GLW Sanati, M AF Zunger, A Wang, LG Hart, GLW Sanati, M TI Obtaining Ising-like expansions for binary alloys from first principles SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE-ORDER; COMPOSITION PHASE-DIAGRAMS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; PD-V ALLOYS; CU-AU; AG-AU; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CLUSTER-EXPANSION AB Many measurable properties of crystalline binary A(1-x)B(x) alloys, such as phase diagrams and excess thermodynamic functions, could be predicted via lattice statistical mechanics methods if one knew the 'configurational energy'. The latter describes the energy at T = 0 for each of the 2(N) possible occupation patterns of the N lattice sites by an A or a B atom. Traditional approaches described the configurational energy either via empirically fitted, truncated Ising Hamiltonians, or through highly approximated coherent-potential constructs. We illustrate here the alternative approach of 'mixed-basis cluster expansion' which extracts from a set of ab initio local density approximation calculations of the total energies of a few ordered A-B compounds a complete configurational energy function. This method includes both pair and multibody terms, whose number and range of interaction are decided by the variational procedure itself, as well as long-range strain terms. In this paper, we describe the computational details of this method, emphasizing methods of construction, interpolations, fits and convergence. This procedure is illustrated for Ni-Pt, Cu-Au and ScS-squareS (where square denotes cation vacancy). The parameters of the final expansions are provided on our webpage (http://www.sst.nrel.gov). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI Hart, Gus L. W./0000-0002-6149-9234 NR 53 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 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Cell PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 MA 1181 BP 210A EP 210A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 621BR UT WOS:000179569101180 ER PT J AU Kasper, G Mennerich, D Kristiansen, G Dahl, E Pilarsky, C Bissell, M Rosenthal, A AF Kasper, G Mennerich, D Kristiansen, G Dahl, E Pilarsky, C Bissell, M Rosenthal, A TI Prostate tumor cell specific upregulation of stromelysin-3 (MMP-11) SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 14-18, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Univ Technol Berlin, Fak 1, Berlin, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Univ Hosp Charite, D-1086 Berlin, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. MetaGen Pharmaceut GmbH, Berlin, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. 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Cell PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 MA 2130 BP 378A EP 378A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 621BR UT WOS:000179569102129 ER PT J AU Killilea, AN Paluh, JL Detrich, HW Downing, KH AF Killilea, AN Paluh, JL Detrich, HW Downing, KH TI Mutation of the Schizosaccaharomyces pombe beta-tubulin residue that corresponds to one implicated in temperature-stability in Antarctic fish, blocks meiosis but not mitosis and does not confer cold-sensitivity SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 14-18, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 MA 2600 BP 462A EP 462A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 621BR UT WOS:000179569102599 ER PT J AU Mott, JD Bhatnagar, S Banda, MJ AF Mott, JD Bhatnagar, S Banda, MJ TI A serine proteinase in medium conditioned by HEK-293 cells processes procollagen C-terminal proteinase enhancer and releases a metalloproteinase inhibitor SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 14-18, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. 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Cell PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 MA 2814 BP 500A EP 500A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 621BR UT WOS:000179569102813 ER PT J AU Nunomura, W An, X Gascard, P Parra, M Narla, M Takakuwa, Y AF Nunomura, W An, X Gascard, P Parra, M Narla, M Takakuwa, Y TI Regulation of 135kDa protein 4.1R interactions with membrane proteins by its head-piece region SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 14-18, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Tokyo, Japan. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 MA 2816 BP 500A EP 500A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 621BR UT WOS:000179569102815 ER PT J AU Nunomura, W Gascard, P Parra, M An, X Narla, M Takakuwa, Y AF Nunomura, W Gascard, P Parra, M An, X Narla, M Takakuwa, Y TI Interactions of protein 4.1G with membrane proteins and calmodulin SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 14-18, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 MA 2815 BP 500A EP 500A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 621BR UT WOS:000179569102814 ER PT J AU Bascom, JL Fata, JE Hirai, Y Bissell, MJ AF Bascom, JL Fata, JE Hirai, Y Bissell, MJ TI Determining the role of epimorphin in mammary gland development SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 14-18, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Osaka R&D Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 MA 2976 BP 528A EP 529A PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 621BR UT WOS:000179569102975 ER PT J AU Williams, KE Carver, TA Miranda, JJL Kautiainen, A Vogel, JS Dingley, K Baldwin, MA Turteltaub, KW Burlingame, AL AF Williams, KE Carver, TA Miranda, JJL Kautiainen, A Vogel, JS Dingley, K Baldwin, MA Turteltaub, KW Burlingame, AL TI Attomole detection of in vivo protein targets of benzene in mice - Evidence for a highly reactive metabolite SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; B6C3F1 MICE; MACROMOLECULAR BINDING; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; POTENTIAL ROLE AB Modified proteins were detected in liver and bone marrow of mice following treatment with [C-14]benzene. Stained sections were excised from one-dimensional and two-dimensional gels and converted to graphite to enable C-14/C-13 ratios to be measured by accelerator mass spectrometry. Protein adducts of benzene or its metabolites were indicated by elevated levels of C-14. A number of proteins were identified by in-gel proteolysis and conventional mass spectrometric methods with the low molecular weight proteins identified including hemoglobin and several histones. The incorporation of C-14 was largely proportional to the density of gel staining, giving little evidence that these proteins were specific targets for selective labeling. This was also true for individual histones subfractionated with Triton-acid-urea gels. A representative histone, H4, was isolated and digested with endopeptidase Asp-N, and the resulting peptides were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. C-14 levels in collected fractions were determined, and the peptides were identified by conventional mass spectrometry. The modifications were distributed throughout the protein, and no particular amino acids or groups of amino acids were identified as selective targets. Thus chemical attack by one or more benzene metabolites upon histories was identified and confirmed, but the resulting modifications appeared to be largely nonspecific. This implies high reactivity toward proteins, enabling such attack to occur at multiple sites within multiple targets. It is not known to what extent, if any, the modification of the core histories may contribute to the carcinogenicity of benzene. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Liver, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burlingame, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Box 0448,521 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01614, RR13461]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK26743] NR 59 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 1 IS 11 BP 885 EP 895 DI 10.1074/mcp.M200067-MCP200 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 654VD UT WOS:000181516000004 PM 12488464 ER PT J AU Deady, JH Boyce, PJ Phillipps, S Drinkwater, MJ Karick, A Jones, JB Gregg, MD Smith, RM AF Deady, JH Boyce, PJ Phillipps, S Drinkwater, MJ Karick, A Jones, JB Gregg, MD Smith, RM TI The Fornax Cluster Spectroscopic Survey: a sample of confirmed cluster dwarfs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : spectroscopic; surveys; galaxies : clusters : individual : Fornax; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; galaxies : statistics ID SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; REDSHIFT SURVEY; RICH CLUSTERS; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; PHOTOMETRY; CATALOG; DENSITY; POPULATION; NUMBER AB The Fornax Cluster Spectroscopic Survey (FCSS) project utilizes the Two-degree Field (2dF) multi-object spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). Its aim is to obtain spectra for a complete sample of all 14 000 objects with 16 5 less than or equal to b(j) less than or equal to 19 7 irrespective of their morphology in a 12 deg(2) area centred on the Fornax cluster. A sample of 24 Fornax cluster members has been identified from the first 2dF field (3.1 deg(2) in area) to be completed. This is the first complete sample of cluster objects of known distance with well-defined selection limits. Nineteen of the galaxies (with -15.8 < M-B < 12.7) appear to be conventional dwarf elliptical (dE) or dwarf S0 (dS0) galaxies. The other five objects (with -13.6 < M-B < 11.3) are those galaxies which were described recently by Drinkwater et al. and labelled 'ultracompact dwarfs' (UCDs). A major result is that the conventional dwarfs all have scale sizes alpha greater than or similar to 3 arcsec (similar or equal to300 pc). This apparent minimum scale size implies an equivalent minimum luminosity for a dwarf of a given surface brightness. This produces a limit on their distribution in the magnitude-surface brightness plane, such that we do not observe dEs with high surface brightnesses but faint absolute magnitudes. Above this observed minimum scale size of 3 arcsec, the dEs and dS0s fill the whole area of the magnitude-surface brightness plane sampled by our selection limits. The observed correlation between magnitude and surface brightness noted by several recent studies of brighter galaxies is not seen with our fainter cluster sample. A comparison of our results with the Fornax Cluster Catalog (FCC) of Ferguson illustrates that attempts to determine cluster membership solely on the basis of observed morphology can produce significant errors. The FCC identified 17 of the 24 FCSS sample (i.e. 71 per cent) as being 'cluster' members, in particular missing all five of the UCDs. The FCC also suffers from significant contamination: within the FCSS's field and selection limits, 23 per cent of those objects described as cluster members by the FCC are shown by the FCSS to be background objects. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. RP Deady, JH (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Drinkwater, Michael/A-2201-2008; OI Drinkwater, Michael/0000-0003-4867-0022; Jones, Bryn/0000-0002-4679-5625; Phillipps, Steven/0000-0001-5991-3486 NR 82 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 336 IS 3 BP 851 EP 866 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05816.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 608RK UT WOS:000178860300022 ER PT J AU Mousseau, VA Knoll, DA Reisner, JM AF Mousseau, VA Knoll, DA Reisner, JM TI An implicit nonlinearly consistent method for the two-dimensional shallow-water equations with Coriolis force SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHODS; MULTIGRID SOLVER; STORM DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MODELS; SPHERE; MINIMIZATION; INTEGRATION; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY AB An implicit and nonlinearly consistent (INC) solution technique is presented for the two-dimensional shallow-water equations. Since the method is implicit, and therefore unconditionally stable, time steps may be used that result in both gravity wave Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) numbers and advection CFL numbers being larger than one. By nonlinearly consistent it is meant that all of the unknown variables appear at the same time level in the equations and are solved for simultaneously in an iterative manner (i.e., no splitting errors in time). The INC method is compared to a more traditional semi-implicit method for stepping over the gravity wave stability constraint. Results are presented that show that the second-order-in-time INC method can maintain a high level of accuracy if the dynamical timescale of the system is resolved by the time step. To investigate this difference in temporal integration accuracy between the nonlinearly consistent method and the semi-implicit method an approximate modified equation analysis was performed. The INC solution technique employed is the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method. Preconditioning of the JFNK method is achieved via a semi-implicit solution method. The height matrix from the semi-implicit algorithm is solved using a multigrid linear solver to provide efficiency and scalability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mousseau, VA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-3,MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 130 IS 11 BP 2611 EP 2625 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2611:AINCMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 599RZ UT WOS:000178350100005 ER PT J AU Charlier, JC Terrones, M Baxendale, M Meunier, V Zacharia, T Rupesinghe, NL Hsu, WK Grobert, N Terrones, H Amaratunga, GAJ AF Charlier, JC Terrones, M Baxendale, M Meunier, V Zacharia, T Rupesinghe, NL Hsu, WK Grobert, N Terrones, H Amaratunga, GAJ TI Enhanced electron field emission in B-doped carbon nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCALE; GAS; MICROTUBULES; CONTAINERS; N-2 AB Field emission properties of B-doped carbon nanotubes are investigated from both theoretical and experimental standpoints. Using tight-binding and ab initio calculations, it is observed that B-saturating tip edges of carbon nanotubes induce the presence of large peaks within the local density of states (LDOS) located in an energy region close to the Fermi level (Ef). These localized states suggest a field emission enhancement for the B-doped tubes. In addition, ab initio theoretical results indicate that the work function for B-doped tubes is 1.7 eV lower when compared to pure carbon-terminated nanotubes. Experimentally, it is found that B-doped tubes, which are produced by arc discharge techniques and contain B mainly at the tips, exhibit stable electron field emission at lower turn-on voltages (1.4 V/mum) when compared to pure single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2.8 and 3.0 V/mum, respectively) measured under the same conditions. We strongly believe our results will bring new insights in the fabrication of stable field emission sources. C1 Univ Sussex, Sussex Nanosci & Nanotechnol Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Catholic Univ Louvain, PCPM, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, CERMIN, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. IPICyT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico. Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Phys, London E1 4NS, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Terrones, M (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Sussex Nanosci & Nanotechnol Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. EM mterrones@ipicyt.edu.mx RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425; Grobert, Nicole/0000-0002-8499-8749 NR 38 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1191 EP 1195 DI 10.1021/nl0256457 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 616JZ UT WOS:000179301800003 ER PT J AU Kahn, MGC Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Kahn, MGC Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI Solubilization of oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes in organic and aqueous solvents through organic derivatization SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBILIZATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; DISSOLUTION; DIAMETER AB The solubilization of oxidized carbon nanotubes has been achieved through derivatization using a functionalized organic crown ether. The resultant synthesized adduct yielded concentrations of dissolved nanotubes on the order of similar to1 g/L in water as well as in methanol, according to optical measurements. The nanotube-crown ether adduct can be readily redissolved in 10 different organic solvents at substantially high concentrations. Characterization of these solubilized adducts was performed with H-1 NMR spectroscopy; Li-7 NMR was also used to examine the ability of the crown ether's macrocyclic ring to bind Li+ ions. The solutions were further analyzed using UV-visible, photoluminescence, and FT-IR spectroscopies and were structurally characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adduct formation likely results from a noncovalent chemical interaction between carboxylic groups on the oxidized tubes and amine moieties attached to the side chain of the crown ether derivative. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@ms.cc.sunysb.edu NR 23 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1215 EP 1218 DI 10.1021/nl025755d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 616JZ UT WOS:000179301800007 ER PT J AU Enderle, BA Labouriau, A Ott, KC Gates, BC AF Enderle, BA Labouriau, A Ott, KC Gates, BC TI Nanoclusters in nanocages: Platinum clusters and platinum complexes in zeolite LTL probed by Xe-129 NMR spectroscopy SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; XENON-ADSORPTION; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; CATION-EXCHANGE; NAY ZEOLITE; Y-ZEOLITES; CHEMISORPTION; CATALYST; EXAFS AB Platinum nanoclusters and mononuclear platinum complexes in zeolite KLTL were characterized by Xe-129 NMR spectroscopy at temperatures from 100 to 296 K; the chemical shift increased with decreasing temperature, consistent with xenon's increasingly strong interactions with the platinum. The room-temperature chemical shift of xenon characterizing the zeolite containing the platinum clusters was 148.7 ppm, but that of the zeolite containing the platinum complexes was only 98.3 ppm, slightly greater than the value representing the bare zeolite, 95.4 ppm. These data, combined with literature data characterizing similar samples, indicate that the 129Xe chemical shift increases with the size of the metal species in the zeolite, up to the point at which entry of the Xe atom into the space containing the metal is constrained by the geometry of the metal species and the zeolite cage; in the limiting case, the chemical shift is substantially reduced because a Xe atom interacts with an encaged nanocluster only through a cage window. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gates, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1269 EP 1271 DI 10.1021/nl025697w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 616JZ UT WOS:000179301800018 ER PT J AU Xiao, ZL Han, CY Welp, U Wang, HH Kwok, WK Willing, GA Hiller, JM Cook, RE Miller, DJ Crabtree, GW AF Xiao, ZL Han, CY Welp, U Wang, HH Kwok, WK Willing, GA Hiller, JM Cook, RE Miller, DJ Crabtree, GW TI Fabrication of alumina nanotubes and nanowires by etching porous alumina membranes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ANODIC ALUMINA; OXIDE; TEMPLATES; ARRAY AB Porous alumina membranes are commercially available and have been widely used in recent nanoscale research, for example, as templates in nanowire fabrication through electrodeposition. In this report, we present a now use for porous alumina membranes in the fabrication of alumina nanotubes/nanowires desired in electrochemical devices and catalytic applications. A high yield of alumina nanotubes/nanowires is obtained by etching porous alumina membranes in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. We studied the effects of etching time and solution concentration and characterized the alumina nanotubes/nanowires using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A discussion of the possible mechanism for the formation of nanotubes/nanowires is given. Our results also imply that in nanowire fabrication through the template approach where alumina membranes are removed with sodium hydroxide solution to release the nanowires special attention is needed in characterizing the nanowires with the SEM because alumina nanotubes/nanowires can be easily mistaken for electrodeposited nanowires. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiao, ZL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xiao@anl.gov RI Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008 NR 27 TC 183 Z9 191 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1293 EP 1297 DI 10.1021/nl025758q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 616JZ UT WOS:000179301800023 ER PT J AU Landi, BJ Raffaelle, RP Heben, MJ Alleman, JL VanDerveer, W Gennett, T AF Landi, BJ Raffaelle, RP Heben, MJ Alleman, JL VanDerveer, W Gennett, T TI Single wall carbon nanotube-Nafion composite actuators SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION AB Single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)-Nafion composite actuators have been demonstrated for 0.1-18% w/w doping of purified SWNTs within the polymer matrix. The high purity SWNTs, >95% w/w, were homogeneously dispersed into the polymer through a series of homogenization and high sheer mixing techniques. The efficient distribution of the high aspect ratio, conductive SWNT materials allowed for the actuation of the Nafion membrane to be reached at SWNT doping levels as low as 0.5% w/w. Utilizing a two-electrode bimorph cantilever actuator immersed into an aqueous lithium chloride solution, tip deflections up to 4.5 mm were observed. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gennett, T (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 13 TC 191 Z9 194 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1329 EP 1332 DI 10.1021/nl025800h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 616JZ UT WOS:000179301800030 ER PT J AU Trivedi, R Liu, S Williams, S AF Trivedi, R Liu, S Williams, S TI Interface pattern formation in nonlinear dissipative systems SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SAFFMAN-TAYLOR PROBLEM; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; LOW-VELOCITY; SELECTION; STABILITY C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trivedi, R (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Williams, Scott/0000-0002-1959-3091 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 1 IS 3 BP 157 EP 159 DI 10.1038/nmat749 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LQ UT WOS:000181498700017 PM 12618802 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Mars, DE Chamberlin, DR Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Geisz, JF AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Mars, DE Chamberlin, DR Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Geisz, JF TI Mutual passivation of electrically active and isovalent impurities SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-INDUCED INCREASE; BAND-GAP; ELECTRON-CONCENTRATION; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ION-IMPLANTATION; QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GANXAS1-X; ALLOYS; DEPENDENCE AB The alloy GaNxAs1-x (with x typically less than 0.05) is a novel semiconductor that has many interesting electronic properties because of the nitrogen-induced dramatic modifications of the conduction band structure of the host material (GaAs). Here we demonstrate the existence of an entirely new effect in the GaNxAs1-x alloy system in which the Si donor in the substitututional Ga site (Si-Ga) and the isovalent atom N in the As sublattice (N-As) passivate each other's electronic activity. This mutual passivation occurs in Si-doped GaNxAs1-x through the formation of nearest-neighbour Si-Ga-N-As pairs and is thermally stable up to 950 degreesC. Consequently, Si doping in GaNxAs1-x, under equilibrium conditions results in a highly resistive GaNxAs1-x layer with the fundamental bandgap governed by a net 'active' N, roughly equal to the total N content minus the Si concentration. Such mutual passivation is expected to be a general phenomenon for electrically active dopants and localized state impurities that can form nearest-neighbour pairs. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kmyu@lbl.gov RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 24 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 1 IS 3 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1038/nmat754 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LQ UT WOS:000181498700023 PM 12618808 ER PT J AU Davey, MJ Jeruzalmi, D Kuriyan, J O'Donnell, M AF Davey, MJ Jeruzalmi, D Kuriyan, J O'Donnell, M TI Motors and switches: AAA+ machines within the replisome SO NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DNA-POLYMERASE-III; REPLICATION FACTOR-C; ORIGIN RECOGNITION COMPLEX; MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE PROTEIN; THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM DELTA-H; ESCHERICHIA-COLI CHROMOSOME; ONE HOLOENZYME PARTICLE; CLAMP-LOADER COMPLEX; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; DOUBLE-STRANDED-DNA AB Clamp loaders are required to load the ring-shaped clamps that tether replicative DNA polymerases onto DNA. Recently solved crystal structures, along with a series of biochemical studies, have provided a detailed understanding of the clamp loading reaction. In particular, studies of the Escherichia coli clamp loader - an AAA+ machine - have provided insights into the architecture of clamp loaders from eukaryotes, bacteriophage T4 and archaea. Other AAA+ proteins are also involved in the initiation of DNA replication, and studies of the E. coli clamp loader indicate mechanisms by which these proteins might function. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP O'Donnell, M (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Davey, Megan/B-4066-2012; OI O'Donnell, Michael/0000-0001-9002-4214 NR 100 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0072 J9 NAT REV MOL CELL BIO JI Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 3 IS 11 BP 826 EP 835 DI 10.1038/nrm949 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 611YN UT WOS:000179045900012 PM 12415300 ER PT J AU Jacobs, SA Harp, JM Devarakonda, S Kim, Y Rastinejad, F Khorasanizadeh, S AF Jacobs, SA Harp, JM Devarakonda, S Kim, Y Rastinejad, F Khorasanizadeh, S TI The active site of the SET domain is constructed on a knot SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOSOME CORE PARTICLE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HISTONE H3; METHYLTRANSFERASES; METHYLATION; PROGRAM; NMR; RESOLUTION AB The SET domain contains the catalytic center of lysine methyltransferases that target the N-terminal tails of histones and regulate chromatin function. Here we report the structure of the SET7/9 protein in the absence and presence of its cofactor product, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy). A knot within the SET domain helps form the methyltransferase active site, where AdoHcy binds and lysine methylation is likely to occur. A structure-guided comparison of sequences within the SET protein family suggests that the knot substructure and active site environment are conserved features of the SET domain. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Pharmacol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khorasanizadeh, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 36 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 11 BP 833 EP 838 DI 10.1038/nsb861 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 609CH UT WOS:000178884700013 PM 12389038 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ Goldstein, RZ AF Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ Goldstein, RZ TI Role of dopamine, the frontal cortex and memory circuits in drug addiction: Insight from imaging studies SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory CY NOV 07-09, 2001 CL IRVINE, CALIFORNIA ID ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; HUMAN BRAIN; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; COCAINE ABUSERS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; D2 RECEPTORS; INTRAVENOUS METHYLPHENIDATE; FUNCTIONAL MRI; GO TASK; ACTIVATION AB Drug addiction is characterized by a set of recurring processes (intoxication, withdrawal, craving) that lead to the relapsing nature of the disorder. We have used positron emission tomography to investigate in humans the role of dopamine (DA) and the brain circuits it regulates in these processes. We have shown that increases in DA are associated with the subjective reports of drug reinforcement corroborating the relevance of drug-induced DA increases in the rewarding effects of drugs in humans. During withdrawal we have shown in drug abusers significant reductions in DA D2 receptors and in DA release. We postulate that this hypodopaminergic state would result in a decreased sensitivity to natural reinforcers perpetuating the use of the drug as a means to compensate for this deficit and contributing to the anhedonia and dysphoria seen during withdrawal. Because the D2 reductions are associated with decreased activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus and in the orbito-frontal cortex we postulate that this is one of the mechanisms by which DA disruption leads to compulsive drug administration and the lack of control over drug intake in the drug-addicted individual. This is supported by studies showing that during craving these frontal regions become hyperactive in proportion to the intensity of the craving. Craving is also associated with activation of memory circuits including the amygdala (implicated in conditioned learning), hippocampus (implicated in declarative learning), and dorsal striatum (implicated in habit learning) all of which receive DA innervation. We therefore postulate that dopamine contributes to addiction by disrupting the frontal cortical circuits that regulate motivation, drive, and self-control and by memory circuits that increase the motivational salience of the drug and drug-associated stimuli. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [K23 DA015517-01, DA 06278, DA 06891, DA 09490, K23 DA015517-02, K23 DA015517-03] NR 76 TC 257 Z9 265 U1 13 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1074-7427 J9 NEUROBIOL LEARN MEM JI Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 BP 610 EP 624 DI 10.1006/nlme.2002.4099 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 620HL UT WOS:000179527900012 PM 12559839 ER PT J AU Chang, L Ernst, T Witt, MD Ames, N Gaiefsky, M Miller, E AF Chang, L Ernst, T Witt, MD Ames, N Gaiefsky, M Miller, E TI Relationships among brain metabolites, cognitive function, and viral loads in antiretroviral-naive HIV patients SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE brain; HIV; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MRS; neuropsychological tests ID AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PROTON MR SPECTROSCOPY; ABSOLUTE QUANTITATION; INFECTED PATIENTS; POSITIVE PATIENTS; MOTOR COMPLEX; ABNORMALITIES; THERAPY; COHORT AB This study aims to determine the relationship among cerebral metabolite concentrations (on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy or H-1 MRS), cognitive function, and clinical variables (CD4, plasma and CSF viral loads, and lipids) in antiretroviral medication-naive HIV patients. We hypothesized that the probable glial markers myo-inositol [MI] and choline compounds [CHO] would correlate with cognitive function, CD4 count, and viral loads, but not with serum lipids. Forty-five antiretroviral-drug-naive HIV patients and 25 control subjects were evaluated. Frontal lobe [MI], [CHO], and total creatine [CR] were elevated, while basal ganglia [CR] were decreased, with increasing dementia severity. As a group, HIV patients showed slowing on fine motor (Grooved Pegboard) and psychomotor function (Trails A & B), and deficits on executive function (Stroop tasks). Lower CD4 counts and elevated plasma viral loads were associated with elevated frontal white matter [MI], which in turn correlated with the Stroop tasks. These findings suggest that systemic factors (resulting from suppressed immune function and higher plasma viral load) may lead to glial proliferation (elevated [MI], [CHO], and [CR]) in the frontal white matter, which in turn may contribute to deficits on executive function in HIV. Studying antiretroviral-naive patients minimized the confounding effects of antiretroviral treatment on the clinical, MRS, and neuropsychological variables, and allowed for a more accurate assessment of the relationships among these measurements. Metabolite concentrations, rather than metabolite ratios, should be measured since [CR], a commonly used reference for metabolite ratios, varies with disease severity in both frontal lobe and basal ganglia. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Chang, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Miller, Eric/0000-0002-0650-714X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00425]; NIDA NIH HHS [K20-DA00280]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01-NS38834] NR 54 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD NOV PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1638 EP 1648 DI 10.1006/nimg.2002.1254 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 611JG UT WOS:000179012800051 PM 12414302 ER PT J AU Karbowiak, N Mech, A Drozdzynski, J Gajek, Z Edelstein, NM AF Karbowiak, N Mech, A Drozdzynski, J Gajek, Z Edelstein, NM TI Optical spectroscopy and crystal-field analysis of U3+: Ba2YCl7 SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; U3+ IONS; MODEL AB High resolution absorption spectra of a U3+(0.3%): Ba2YCl7 single crystal were recorded in the 4000-50000 cm(-1) range at 7 K. The observed crystal-field levels were assigned and fit to the parameters of the simplified angular overlap model (AOM) as well as a semi-empirical Hamiltonian representing the combined atomic and one-electron crystal-field interactions. The starting values of the AOM parameters were obtained from ab intio calculations. The analysis of the spectra allowed the assignment of 65 crystal-field levels with a relatively small rms deviation of 25 cm(-1) and has shown that the AOM approach can predict quite well the B-q(k) crystal-field parameters. The value determined for the crystal-field strength parameter, N-v, corresponds well with those determined for U3+ in other chloride single crystals. C1 Univ Wroclaw, Fac Chem, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, W Trzebiatowski Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50950 Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karbowiak, N (reprint author), Univ Wroclaw, Fac Chem, Ul Joliot Curie 14, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1651 EP 1657 DI 10.1039/b202707k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 620XR UT WOS:000179559300024 ER PT J AU Lombi, E Zhao, FJ Fuhrmann, M Ma, LQ McGrath, SP AF Lombi, E Zhao, FJ Fuhrmann, M Ma, LQ McGrath, SP TI Arsenic distribution and speciation in the fronds of the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Pteris vittata; arsenic; hyperaccumulation; compartmentation; speciation ID CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; HOLCUS-LANATUS; TOLERANCE; PHYTOCHELATINS; ARABIDOPSIS; REDUCTION; PLANTS; SOILS; ZINC AB Pteris vittata is the first plant reported to be a hyperaccumulator of arsenic (As), and little is known about the mechanisms of As hyperaccumulation in this plant. Arsenic distribution at the whole plant (fronds) and cellular level was investigated using chemical analyses and energy dispersive X-ray microanalyses (EDXA). Speciation of As in the fronds was determined using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) analyses. The majority of As was found in the pinnae (96% of total As). The concentration of As in pinnae decreased from the base to the apex of the fronds. Arsenic concentrations in spores and midribs were much lower than in the pinnae. EDXA analyses revealed that As was compartmentalized mainly in the upper and lower epidermal cells, probably in the vacuoles. The distribution pattern of potassium was similar to As, whereas other elements (Ca, Cl, K, Mg, P and S) were distributed differently. XANES analyses showed that approximately 75% of the As in fronds was present in the As(III) oxidation state and the remaining as As(V). C1 Rothamsted Res, Agr & Environm Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP McGrath, SP (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Agr & Environm Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RI Zhao, Fang-Jie/A-8339-2008; McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008; Ma, Lena/E-5854-2010; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013 OI Zhao, Fang-Jie/0000-0002-0164-169X; McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947; Ma, Lena/0000-0002-8463-9957; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375 NR 27 TC 172 Z9 202 U1 5 U2 67 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 156 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00512.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 609BK UT WOS:000178882600007 ER PT J AU Geist, DR Hanrahan, TP Arntzen, EV McMichael, GA Murray, CJ Chien, YJ AF Geist, DR Hanrahan, TP Arntzen, EV McMichael, GA Murray, CJ Chien, YJ TI Physicochemical characteristics of the hyporheic zone affect redd site selection by chum salmon and fall chinook salmon in the Columbia River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; SPAWNING HABITAT; GROUNDWATER AB Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and fall chinook salmon O. tshawytscha spawned at separate locations in a side channel near Ives Island, Washington, in the Columbia River downstream of Bonneville Dam. We hypothesized that measurements of water depth, substrate size, and water velocity would not sufficiently explain the separation in spawning areas and began a 2-year investigation of physicochemical characteristics of the hyporheic zone. We found that chum salmon spawned in upwelling water that was significantly warmer than the surrounding river water. In contrast, fall chinook salmon constructed redds at downwelling sites, where there was no difference in temperature between the river and its bed. An understanding of the specific factors affecting chum salmon and fall chinook salmon redd site selection at Ives Island will be useful to resource managers attempting to maximize available salmonid spawning habitat within the constraints imposed by other water resource needs. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Geist, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1085 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1077:PCOTHZ>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 622MP UT WOS:000179651100001 ER PT J AU May, MJ Finkenthal, M Moos, HW Fournier, KB Goldstein, WH Mattioli, M Pacella, D Mazzitelli, G Leigheb, M Gabellieri, L AF May, MJ Finkenthal, M Moos, HW Fournier, KB Goldstein, WH Mattioli, M Pacella, D Mazzitelli, G Leigheb, M Gabellieri, L TI Improved confinement regime in the current ramp down phase of Frascati Tokamak Upgrade plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID RAY BRIGHTNESS PROFILES; IMPURITY TRANSPORT; FUSION PLASMAS; ULTRAVIOLET; IRON AB The current ramp down phase of the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade plasma has been found to exhibit very different particle transport than that which is observed in the Ohmically heated steady state phase. The current ramp down phase can be characterized by a central (r/a < 0.5) region that has anomalous transport similar to that seen in the steady state phase and an outer region (r/a > 0.5) that has transport two to three times less. The temperature in the inner region had a Gaussian-like shape as a function of minor radius. In the outer region, the temperature had roughly a single value (similar to100eV) with no sharp gradients which implied no gradient driven transport. To study the particle transport, iron was introduced into the ramp down phase by using the laser blow off technique. The time behaviour of several charge states of iron have been measured spectroscopically to determine the transport in the different spatial locations in the plasma. The time histories of the charge state line emission in the ramp down phase have been observed to decay much more slowly than in the,steady state phase which implied the existence of a transport barrier at the half radius. The behaviour of the impurity charge states has been modelled with the MIST transport code using up to date atomic physics rates to infer the particle transport. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Plasma Spect Grp, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, FTU, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP May, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Labs, POB 808 L260, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 2002 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1299 EP 1303 AR PII S0029-5515(02)52406-6 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/11/302 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 622WC UT WOS:000179669300004 ER PT J AU Kodama, K Saoulidou, N Tzanakos, G Baller, B Lundberg, B Rameika, R Song, JS Yoon, CS Chung, SH Aoki, S Hara, T Erickson, C Heller, K Schwienhorst, R Sielaff, J Trammell, J Hoshino, K Jiko, H Kawada, J Kawai, T Komatsu, M Matsuoka, M Miyanishi, M Nakamura, M Nakano, T Narita, K Niwa, K Nonaka, N Okada, K Sato, O Toshito, T Paolone, V Kafka, T AF Kodama, K Saoulidou, N Tzanakos, G Baller, B Lundberg, B Rameika, R Song, JS Yoon, CS Chung, SH Aoki, S Hara, T Erickson, C Heller, K Schwienhorst, R Sielaff, J Trammell, J Hoshino, K Jiko, H Kawada, J Kawai, T Komatsu, M Matsuoka, M Miyanishi, M Nakamura, M Nakano, T Narita, K Niwa, K Nonaka, N Okada, K Sato, O Toshito, T Paolone, V Kafka, T TI Detection and analysis of tau-neutrino interactions in DONUT emulsion target SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE tau neutrino; nuclear emulsion; automatic scanning; NETSCAN ID ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SPECTROMETER; OSCILLATION; PARTICLES; SEARCH AB The DONUT experiment used an emulsion/counter-hybrid-detector, which succeeded in detecting tau-neutrino charged-current interactions. A new method of emulsion analysis, NETSCAN, was used to locate neutrino events and detect tau decays. It is based on a fully automated emulsion readout system (Ultra Track Selector) developed at Nagoya University. The achieved plate-to-plate alignment accuracy of similar to0.2 mum over an area of 2.6 mm x 2.6 mm permitted an efficient and systematic tau decay search using emulsion data. Moreover, this accuracy allowed measurement of particle momenta by multiple Coulomb scattering, and contributed to the efficient background rejection for the v, candidates. This paper describes details of our emulsion analysis methods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Aichi Univ Educ, Kariya, Aichi 448, Japan. Univ Athens, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Gyeongsang Univ, Chinju, South Korea. Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 657, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, F Lab, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Nakamura, M (reprint author), Aichi Univ Educ, Kariya, Aichi 448, Japan. RI Aoki, Shigeki/L-6044-2015 NR 13 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 493 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 66 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01555-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01555-3 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 609GP UT WOS:000178895500006 ER PT J AU Krasa, J Laska, L Stockli, MP Fehrenbach, CW AF Krasa, J Laska, L Stockli, MP Fehrenbach, CW TI Electron yield from Be-Cu induced by highly charged Xeq+ ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE highly charged ion-induced electron emission; angle impact effect; Be-Cu ID EMISSION; SURFACES; DIAGNOSTICS; DETECTOR; GOLD AB The total electron yield, gamma, for emission of electrons induced by impact of Xeq+ (8 less than or equal to q less than or equal to 28) ions with kinetic energy per charge E-i/q from 5 to 150 keV/d on clean Be-Cu is presented for the impact angle, theta, ranging from 0degrees to 60degrees. The theta-dependencies are analyzed with the use of the relation gamma(theta) = gamma(above) + gamma(below)/cos theta which can distinguish above- and below-surface electron emission. Fits of experimental data to this relation give a ratio gamma(below)/gamma(above) < 1 for q > 14 and given range of E-i/q. The analysis also shows that the above-surface electron yield, gamma(above), is proportional to the charge state and the below one, gamma(below) increases with increasing ion impact velocity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Kansas State Univ, JR Macdonald Lab, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krasa, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. EM krasa@fzu.cz RI Krasa, Josef/C-1442-2014 OI Krasa, Josef/0000-0002-3888-8370 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD NOV PY 2002 VL 196 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 67 AR PII S0168-583X(02)01276-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01276-4 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 616QW UT WOS:000179315300007 ER PT J AU Tarkanyi, F Ditroi, F Takacs, S Al-Abyad, M Mustafa, MG Shubin, Y Zhuang, Y AF Tarkanyi, F Ditroi, F Takacs, S Al-Abyad, M Mustafa, MG Shubin, Y Zhuang, Y TI New data and evaluation of He-3-induced nuclear reactions on Cu SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE (CuHe)-He-3; cross section; yield cyclotron ID EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; NATURAL TI; NAT; COMPILATION; PURPOSES; MONITOR; DECAY; BEAMS AB Excitation functions of Cu-nat(He-3, x)Ga-66, Cu-nat(He-3, x)Ga-67, Cu-nat(He-3, x)Zn-63 and Cu-nat(He-3, x)Zn-65 nuclear reactions were measured up to 36 MeV using stacked foil irradiation arrangement and activation technique. The results were compared with compiled literature data. The status of the experimental database was investigated with the goal to produce recommended values for different applications. The application of the deduced data in the field of beam monitoring and thin layer activation is discussed, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Cyclotron Dept, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. AEA Technol, Nucl Res Ctr, Cairo, Egypt. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Russia. China Nucl Data Ctr, China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Tarkanyi, F (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Cyclotron Dept, Bem Ter 18-C, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RI Ditroi, Ferenc/N-7444-2016 OI Ditroi, Ferenc/0000-0002-3520-157X NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD NOV PY 2002 VL 196 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 227 AR PII S0168-583X(02)01286-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01286-7 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 616JH UT WOS:000179300300002 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Sisterson, JM Englert, PAJ Caffee, MW Reedy, RC Vincent, J Castaneda, C AF Kim, KJ Sisterson, JM Englert, PAJ Caffee, MW Reedy, RC Vincent, J Castaneda, C TI Experimental cross-sections for the production of Be-10 from natural carbon targets with 40.6 to 500 MeV protons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE proton cross-sections; Be-10; cosmogenic nuclides ID NUCLIDE PRODUCTION; COSMOGENIC BE-10; ENERGY PROTONS; COSMIC-RAY; AL-26; NUCLEI; METEORITES; HYDROGEN; C-14; MG AB Cross-sections for the production of Be-10 from natural carbon targets were measured for proton energies ranging from 40.6 to 500 MeV. The yield of Be-10 in each target was determined using accelerator mass spectrometry. The values of these new cross-sections ranged from 0.164 to 2.75 mb and confirmed previously published data in this energy range. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Victoria Univ Wellington, Fac Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, NE Proton Therapy Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Purdue Univ, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ British Columbia, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Englert, PAJ (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Fac Sci, POB 600, Wellington, New Zealand. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015; OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967; Kim, Kyeong J/0000-0001-6220-8411; Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD NOV PY 2002 VL 196 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 244 AR PII S0168-583X(02)01297-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01297-1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 616JH UT WOS:000179300300004 ER PT J AU Morfin, JG Sakuda, M Suzuki, Y AF Morfin, JG Sakuda, M Suzuki, Y TI Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeV Region - KEK, Tsukuba, Japan 13-16 December 2001 - Preface SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. KEK, IPNS, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Morfin, JG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS220, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 112 BP V EP V DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)80247-X PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 622TE UT WOS:000179662500001 ER PT J AU Wood, SA AF Wood, SA TI Resonance region to DIS, quark-hadron duality at Jefferson Lab SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeY Region CY DEC 13-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; R=SIGMA-L/SIGMA-T; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; BEHAVIOR AB New measurements of inclusive electron scattering on the proton and deuteron have been made at Jefferson Lab with a four-momentum transfer range of 0.3 less than or equal to Q(2) less than or equal to 4.5 (GeV/c)(2) as a study of quark-hadron duality at low Q(2). The F-2 structure function is found to scale about a common scaling curve down to Q(2) of 0.5 (GeV/c)(2), indicating that higher twist effects are small. Duality in other observables and in electron scattering on nuclei are also discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23602 USA. RP Wood, SA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23602 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 112 BP 63 EP 69 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01768-1 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01768-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 622TE UT WOS:000179662500012 ER PT J AU McFarland, KS Zeller, GP Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Frey, R Formaggio, JA Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Radescu, V Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tzanov, M Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zimmerman, ED AF McFarland, KS Zeller, GP Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Frey, R Formaggio, JA Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Radescu, V Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tzanov, M Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zimmerman, ED TI Nuclear effects and the NuTeV sin(2) theta(W) measurement SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeY Region CY DEC 13-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; CHARGE ASYMMETRY; SCATTERING AB NuTeV measures sin(2) theta(W) by comparing neutral and charged current cross-sections on a heavy nuclear target, and finds a value of sin 2 theta(W)((on-shell)) = 0.2277 +/- 0.0013(stat)+/-0.0009(syst), approximately 3sigma from the predicted value. We discuss the possibility that nuclear effects on parton distribution functions or cross-sections may be responsible for the discrepancy. C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP McFarland, KS (reprint author), Univ Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 112 BP 226 EP 233 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01777-2 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01777-2 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 622TE UT WOS:000179662500034 ER PT J AU Wood, SA AF Wood, SA TI Jefferson lab: Experimental facilities, upgrade plans and potential for research related to neutrino-nucleus interactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeY Region CY DEC 13-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; FORM-FACTOR; SCATTERING AB The electron accelerator at Jefferson Lab (JLab) presently produces 100% duty factor beams at energies up to 6 GeV for use in 3 endstations with a variety of detectors. Plans are presently being made for an energy upgrade to 12 GeV along with new and upgraded experimental equipment. Possibilities of using Jlab facilities to make measurements of relevance to neutrino-nucleus interactions axe discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23602 USA. RP Wood, SA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23602 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 112 BP 246 EP 250 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01779-6 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01779-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 622TE UT WOS:000179662500036 ER PT J AU Morfin, JG AF Morfin, JG TI Neutrino scattering physics opportunities with the NuMI beam at Fermilab SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeY Region CY DEC 13-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID SPIN STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G1(X); SINGLE PION-PRODUCTION; MAGNETIC FORM-FACTOR; QCD ANALYSIS; HIGHER TWIST; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB The NuMI Facility at Fermilab will provide an extremely intense beam of neutrinos for the MINOS neutrino oscillation experiment. The spacious and fully-outfitted MINOS near detector hall will be an ideal place for high statistics (anti)neutrino-nucleon/nucleus experiments. The experiment described here will not only provide the cross sections, measured nuclear effects and detailed neutrino beam composition required by on-and-off axis neutrino oscillation experiments, but will also address a wide variety of open neutrino physics questions inaccessible without the NuMI beam intensity. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Morfin, JG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 112 BP 251 EP 264 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01780-2 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01780-2 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 622TE UT WOS:000179662500037 ER PT J AU Ligeti, Z Nir, Y AF Ligeti, Z Nir, Y TI New physics and future B factories SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th KEK Topical Conference on Frontiers in Flavor Physics CY NOV 20-22, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; CP VIOLATION; PHENOMENOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; ISOSPIN ANALYSIS; MESON SYSTEM; DECAYS; ASYMMETRIES; FLAVOR; K->PI-NU(NU)OVER-BAR; MODELS AB Further experimental and theoretical studies of the physics of flavor and CP violation are well motivated. Within the supersymmetric framework, higher precision measurements will allow to explore classes of models with stronger degree of universality: first, models with no universality, such as alignment or heavy first two squark generations; second, models with approximate universality, such as dilaton dominance or AMSB; and finally models of exact universality, such as GMSB. A broad program, including various rare processes or CP asymmetries in B, D and K decays, will provide detailed information about viable extensions of the Standard Model. Some highlights of future B-physics experiments (the present B-factories with integrated luminosity of 0.5 ab(-1), hadron machines, and future high-luminosity B-factories) are described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Ligeti, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 111 BP 82 EP 89 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01688-2 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01688-2 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 616KP UT WOS:000179303200013 ER PT J AU Murayama, H AF Murayama, H TI GUT, neutrinos, and baryogenesis SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th KEK Topical Conference on Frontiers in Flavor Physics CY NOV 20-22, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID NUMBER NON-CONSERVATION; ELECTROWEAK BARYOGENESIS; LEPTON FLAVOR; BARYON-NUMBER; CP; UNIFICATION; UNIVERSE; VIOLATION; SIGNALS; ANARCHY AB It is an exciting time for flavor physics. In this talk, I discuss recent topics in baryogenesis and leptogenesis in light of new data, and implications in B and neutrino physics, I also discuss current situation of grand unified theories concerning coupling unification, proton decay, and indirect consequence:; in lepton flavor violation and B physics. I explain attempts to understand the origin of flavor based on flavor symmetry, in particular "anarchy" in neutrinos. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 111 BP 136 EP 145 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01696-1 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01696-1 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 616KP UT WOS:000179303200021 ER PT J AU Debevec, PT Brown, HN Bunce, G Carey, RM Cushman, P Danby, GT Deile, M Deng, H Dhawan, SK Deninger, W Druzhinin, VP Duong, L Efstathiadis, E Farley, FJM Fedotovich, GV Giron, S Gray, FE Grigoriev, D Grosse-Perdekamp, M Grossman, A Hare, MF Hertzog, DW Hughes, VW Iwasaki, M Jungmann, K Kawall, D Kawamura, M Khazin, BI Kindem, J Krienen, F Kronkvist, I Larsen, R Lee, YY Logashenko, I McNabb, R Meng, W Mi, J Miller, JP Morse, WM Nikas, D Onderwater, CJG Orlov, Y Ozben, CS Paley, JM Polly, C Pretz, J Prigl, R Putlitz, GZ Redin, SI Rind, O Roberts, BL Ryskulov, N Sedykh, S Semertzidis, YK Shatunov, YM Sichtermann, EP Solodov, E Sossong, M Steinmetz, A Sulak, LR Timmermans, C Trofimov, A Urner, D von Walter, P Warburton, D Winn, D Yamamoto, A Zimmerman, D AF Debevec, PT Brown, HN Bunce, G Carey, RM Cushman, P Danby, GT Deile, M Deng, H Dhawan, SK Deninger, W Druzhinin, VP Duong, L Efstathiadis, E Farley, FJM Fedotovich, GV Giron, S Gray, FE Grigoriev, D Grosse-Perdekamp, M Grossman, A Hare, MF Hertzog, DW Hughes, VW Iwasaki, M Jungmann, K Kawall, D Kawamura, M Khazin, BI Kindem, J Krienen, F Kronkvist, I Larsen, R Lee, YY Logashenko, I McNabb, R Meng, W Mi, J Miller, JP Morse, WM Nikas, D Onderwater, CJG Orlov, Y Ozben, CS Paley, JM Polly, C Pretz, J Prigl, R Putlitz, GZ Redin, SI Rind, O Roberts, BL Ryskulov, N Sedykh, S Semertzidis, YK Shatunov, YM Sichtermann, EP Solodov, E Sossong, M Steinmetz, A Sulak, LR Timmermans, C Trofimov, A Urner, D von Walter, P Warburton, D Winn, D Yamamoto, A Zimmerman, D TI Recent results from the BNL g-2 experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th KEK Topical Conference on Frontiers in Flavor Physics CY NOV 20-22, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; MUON; ELECTRON AB The status of the muon g - 2 experiment at the AGS facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory is discussed. Data obtained in 1999 with positive muons has been analyzed and published. The final data set contained 0.95 x 10(9) events and had an accuracy of 1.3ppm. Approximately four times more data with positive muons and three times more data with negative muons were obtained in 2000 and 2001, respectively. These data were obtained with a more uniform magnetic field and with different storage ring tunes. An accuracy of the order of 0.5ppm is anticipated. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Debevec, PT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013; Logashenko, Ivan/A-3872-2014; Iwasaki, Masahiko/M-8433-2014; OI jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072; Iwasaki, Masahiko/0000-0002-3460-9469; Gray, Frederick/0000-0003-4073-8336 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 111 BP 200 EP 205 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01706-1 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01706-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 616KP UT WOS:000179303200031 ER PT J AU Hsiung, YB AF Hsiung, YB TI Recent results of kaon decays and future plans at Fermilab SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th KEK Topical Conference on Frontiers in Flavor Physics CY NOV 20-22, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID DIRECT CP VIOLATION; PARAMETER EPSILON'/EPSILON; BRANCHING RATIO; NEUTRAL KAON; SEARCH AB We review the current kaon experimental results and status at Fermilab. Those includes recent direct CP violation results, epsilon'/epsilon, and selected rare decay results from KTeV, as well as a new K+/- rare decay result from HyperCP. Status of a newly approved charged kaon experiment, CKM, and the future plans at Fermilab are also reviewed here. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hsiung, YB (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 122,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 111 BP 225 EP 231 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01710-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 616KP UT WOS:000179303200035 ER PT J AU Kettell, SH AF Kettell, SH TI Kaon physics at PNL SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th KEK Topical Conference on Frontiers in Flavor Physics CY NOV 20-22, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID DECAY K+->PI(+)NU(NU)OVER-BAR; K+; VIOLATION; SEARCH; FLAVOR; LIMIT AB The rare kaon decay program at BNL is summarized. A brief review of recent results is provided along with a discussion of prospects for the future of this program. The primary focus is the two golden modes: K+ -->pi(+)nu(ν) over bar and K(L)degrees --> pidegrees nu(ν) over bar. The first step in an ambitious program to precisely measure both branching ratios has been successfully completed with the observation of two K+ --> pi(+)nu(ν) over bar events by E787. The E949 experiment is poised to reach an order of magnitude further in sensitivity and to observe similar to10 Standard Model events. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kettell, SH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 111 BP 232 EP 237 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01711-5 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01711-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 616KP UT WOS:000179303200036 ER PT J AU Quinn, H AF Quinn, H TI Summary and outlook for KEKTC5 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th KEK Topical Conference on Frontiers in Flavor Physics CY NOV 20-22, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID CP VIOLATION; QCD FACTORIZATION; MESON SYSTEM; DECAYS AB This is the summary talk of a meeting held at the KEK, Tsukuba,,Japan, November 20 22, 2001. I give a brief summary of the talks we heard, and a few comments of my own on various points that have been made. Other talks given at this meeting are referred to by the speakers last name; these talks will appear in the same proceedings. See these talks for the detailed references for each subject. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 111 BP 250 EP 258 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01714-0 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01714-0 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 616KP UT WOS:000179303200039 ER PT J AU Murphy, BD Primm, RT AF Murphy, BD Primm, RT TI Simulation of mixed-oxide and low-enriched uranium fuel burnup in a pressurized water reactor and validation against destructive analysis results SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB dThis work examines the capabilities of simulation codes to predict the concentration of nuclides in spent reactor fuel, in particular mixed-oxide (MOX)-fuel, via comparisons with destructive radiochemical analyses performed on irradiated samples. We report on three MOX samples irradiated in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and two UO2 samples irradiated in a different PWR. Actinide and fission-product concentrations. were measured and were compared with concentration values obtained from simulation studies. The actinides include isotopes of uranium, neptunium, plutonium,, americium, and curium. The fission products include isotopes of cesium, neodymium, samarium, europium, and gadolinium as well as Sr-90, Mo-95, Tc-99, Ru-101, Ru-106, Rh-103, Ag-109, Sb-125, I-129, and Ce-144. For many of the actinides, the predictions are, quite good when compared with the measured values; but concentrations of some tend to be overpredicted. The cesium and neodymium, and some samarium concentrations, are well predicted, but some of the. other fission products show variable results. The sensitivity of some of the results to sample-burnup estimates is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Murphy, BD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 142 IS 3 BP 258 EP 269 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614DP UT WOS:000179173300002 ER PT J AU Liscum-Powell, JL Prinja, AK Morel, JE Lorence, LJ AF Liscum-Powell, JL Prinja, AK Morel, JE Lorence, LJ TI Finite element solution of the self-adjoint angular flux equation for coupled electron-photon transport SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID EVEN-PARITY; APPROXIMATION; GEOMETRY AB A novel approach is proposed for charged particle transport calculations using a recently developed second-order, self-adjoint angular flux (SAAF) form of the Boltzmann transport equation with continuous slowing-down. A finite element discretization that is linear continuous in space and linear discontinuous (LD) in energy is described and implemented in a one-dimensional, planar geometry, multigroup, discrete ordinates code for charged particle transport. The cross-section generating code CEPXS is used to generate the electron and photon transport cross sections employed in this code. The discrete ordinates SAAF transport equation is solved using source iteration in conjunction with an inner iteration acceleration scheme and an outer iteration acceleration scheme. Outer iterations are required with the LD energy discretization scheme because the two angular flux unknowns within each group are coupled, which gives rise to effective upscattering. The inner iteration convergence is accelerated using diffusion synthetic acceleration, and the outer iteration convergence is accelerated using a diamond difference approximation to the LD energy discretization. Computational results are given that demonstrate the effectiveness of our convergence acceleration schemes and the accuracy of our discretized SAAF equation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liscum-Powell, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 142 IS 3 BP 270 EP 291 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614DP UT WOS:000179173300003 ER PT J AU Favorite, JA AF Favorite, JA TI An alternative implementation of the differential operator (Taylor series) perturbation method for Monte Carlo criticality problems SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The standard implementation of the differential operator (Taylor series) perturbation method for Monte Carlo criticality problems has previously been shown to have a wide range of applicability. In this method, the unperturbed fission distribution is used as a fixed source to estimate the change in the k(eff) eigenvalue of a system due to a perturbation. A new method, based on the deterministic perturbation theory assumption that the flux distribution (rather than the fission source distribution) is unchanged after a perturbation, is proposed in this paper. Dubbed the F-A method, the new method is implemented within the framework of the standard differential operator method by making tallies only in perturbed fissionable regions and combining the standard differential operator estimate of their perturbations according to the deterministicfirst-order perturbation formula. The F-A method, developed to extend the range of applicability of the differential operator method rather than as a replacement, was more accurate than the standard implementation for positive and negative density perturbations in a thin shell at the exterior of a computational Godiva model. The F-A method was also more accurate than the standard implementation at estimating reactivity worth profiles of samples with a very small positive reactivity worth (compared to actual measurements) in the Zeus critical assembly, but it was less accurate for a sample with a small negative reactivity worth. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys X, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Favorite, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys X, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 142 IS 3 BP 327 EP 341 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614DP UT WOS:000179173300007 ER PT J AU Iliescu, T John, V Layton, WJ AF Iliescu, T John, V Layton, WJ TI Convergence of finite element approximations of large eddy motion SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes equations; large eddy simulation; finite element method ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS-FLOW; SPATIAL DISCRETIZATION; MODEL; SIMULATION; STABILITY; EDDIES; SCHEME; SPACE AB Fluid motion in many applications occurs at higher Reynolds numbers. In these applications dealing with turbulent flow is thus inescapable. One promising approach to the simulation of the motion of the large structures in turbulent flow is large eddy simulation in which equations describing the motion of local spatial averages of the fluid velocity are solved numerically. This report considers "numerical errors" in LES. Specifically, for one family of space filtered flow models, we show convergence of the finite element approximation of the model and give an estimate of the error. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Magdeburg, Fac Math, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. RP Layton, WJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, 301 Thackcray Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM wjl@pitt.edu NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 689 EP 710 DI 10.1002/num.10027 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 607LZ UT WOS:000178794200001 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX White, CM McNeill, DH AF Phuoc, TX White, CM McNeill, DH TI Laser spark ignition of a jet diffusion flame SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN; MIXTURES; GASES; ENERGY; AIR AB In this work we report preliminary results on the laser ignition of a jet diffusion name with jet flow rates ranging from 35 (Re= 1086) to 103 cm(3)/s (Re= 3197). The laser spark energy of about 4 mJ was used for all the tests. The relative amounts of fuel and air concentrations at the laser focus have been estimated using a variant of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The ignition and the flame blow out times were measured using the time-resolved OH emission. Ignition times in the range from 3 to about 10ms were observed depending on the experimental conditions and they increased towards the rich as well as the lean sides. The early time and late-time OH emissions indicate that chemical reactions during the initial stage of the blast wave expansion are not immediately responsible for the ignition. The ultimate fate of an ignition depends on the reactions at later times which determines whether the gas could undergo a transition from hot plasma to a propagating flame. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, MS 84-340,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 217 EP 232 AR PII S0143-8166(01)00173-7 DI 10.1016/S0143-8166(01)00173-7 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 589FX UT WOS:000177749100001 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP Batson, P Denham, P Richardson, D Underwood, J AF Naulleau, PP Batson, P Denham, P Richardson, D Underwood, J TI An in situ scanning-slit alignment system for Kirkpatrick-Baez optics SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Kirkpatrick-Baez; extreme ultraviolet; synchrotron; metrology; system alignment ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; AT-WAVELENGTH; X-RAY; INTERFEROMETRY; RADIATION; METROLOGY; BEAMLINE AB A crucial component to many synchrotron beamlines is the Kirkpatrick-Baez system typically used to condense the synchrotron source to a small illumination spot. The performance of this compound optic often dictates the performance of the entire experimental system. Here, we present the design of a Kirkpatrick-Baez system including numerous in situ alignment controls and an in situ slope-measuring feedback system. Implementation of the system on an extreme ultraviolet undulator beamline is described along with experimental results demonstrating alignment to near diffraction-limited performance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1000 Centennial Dr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 212 IS 4-6 BP 225 EP 233 AR PII S0030-4018(02)02021-7 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)02021-7 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 608BR UT WOS:000178825700004 ER PT J AU Martinez, RA Alvarez, MA Velarde, SP Silks, LAP Stotter, PL Schmidt, JG Unkefer, CJ AF Martinez, RA Alvarez, MA Velarde, SP Silks, LAP Stotter, PL Schmidt, JG Unkefer, CJ TI Large-scale preparation of [C-13]methyl phenyl sulfide from [C-13]methanol by a one-step process SO ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; SULFONES; SULFOXIDES; OXONE(R); DERIVATIVES; ALDEHYDES AB We have developed a large-scale "one-pot" procedure for the conversion of,commercially available [C-13]- or [H-2(3), C-13]. methanol to [C-13]-, or [H-2(3),C-13]methyl phenyl sulfide. [C-13]methyl phenyl sulfide is a potentially versatile, chemically stable, and nonvolatile labeling precursor. In addition, we report an efficient method for the oxidation of [C-13]methyl phenyl sulfide to [C-13]methyl phenyl, sulfone. Finally, we have. used [C-13]methyl phenyl sulfide to produce C-13-labeled methyl iodide, containing exactly one or two deuterons. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Szilard Resource, Natl Stable Isotope Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Coll Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Martinez, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Szilard Resource, Natl Stable Isotope Resource, MS E529, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Schmidt, Jurgen/0000-0002-8192-9940 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1083-6160 J9 ORG PROCESS RES DEV JI Org. Process Res. Dev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 6 IS 6 BP 851 EP 854 DI 10.1021/op025530p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 618BA UT WOS:000179396300021 ER PT J AU Merkle, KL Thompson, LJ Phillipp, F AF Merkle, KL Thompson, LJ Phillipp, F TI Thermally activated step motion observed by high-resolution electron microscopy at a (113) symmetric tilt grain-boundary in aluminium SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIGRATION AB Grain-boundary migration is demonstrated to proceed by lateral propagation of a small step in a (113), [1 (1) over bar0] symmetric Al tilt grain-boundary. In-situ high-resolution (transmission) electron microscopy (HREM) at 523 K allowed the study of atomic-scale detail at video rates during the migration process. The grain-boundary translational states on both sides of the step are identical, which leads to a step dislocation. This defect can move laterally by a combination of climb and glide. Dynamic HREM images indicate considerable atomic agitation within the dislocation core. A detailed temporal analysis of the step movements shows small random displacements of the dislocation core. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Merkle, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 82 IS 11 BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.1080/0950083021000038074 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 618CZ UT WOS:000179401800001 ER PT J AU Asoka-Kumar, P Wirth, BD Sterne, PA Howell, RH Odette, GR AF Asoka-Kumar, P Wirth, BD Sterne, PA Howell, RH Odette, GR TI Composition and magnetic character of nanometre-size Cu precipitates in reactor pressure vessel steels: implications for nuclear power plant lifetime extension SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; EMBRITTLEMENT; IRRADIATION; ALLOYS; APFIM; WELD AB The sensitivity of positrons to nanometre-size Cu precipitates in Fe alloys has enabled us to apply a novel spin-polarized element-specific method to probe the composition and magnetic character of the precipitates responsible for reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel embrittlement. The results clearly show that the precipitates are non-magnetic and place an upper limit of about 10 at% on their Fe content. The practical implication of this result is that the Cu precipitate contribution to RPV steel embrittlement saturates, is, not expected to contribute further during lifetime extension. Our study demonstrates that polarized positrons can be used as a powerful probe of the magnetic character of nanoscale materials, even those embedded in a strongly magnetic host. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Asoka-Kumar, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM asoka@llnl.gov RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 26 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 82 IS 11 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.1080/0950083021000019958 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 618CZ UT WOS:000179401800003 ER PT J AU Cartwright, JHE Piro, O Villacampa, AI AF Cartwright, JHE Piro, O Villacampa, AI TI Pattern formation in solutal convection: vermiculated rolls and isolated cells SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Horizons in Complex Systems CY DEC, 2001 CL MESSINA, ITALY DE isolated cells; pattern formation; solutal convection; Tia Maria instability; vermiculated rolls ID MARANGONI INSTABILITY AB Observations of the peculiar behaviour of a drink of liqueur topped with cream led us to perform experiments showing that the instability is a convection phenomenon that arises through destabilizing surface-tension forces. The convection is solutal: driven by gradients of concentration of a solute, rather than by heat gradients as in the more commonly studied thermal convection. The convective patterns, vermiculated rolls and isolated cells, are quite unlike the usual planforms. They are associated with an elastic surface film, and the Marangoni number is high, characteristic of solutal convection. We have conducted further experiments that reproduce these patterns in simpler working fluids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Lab Estudios Cristalograf, E-18071 Granada, Spain. CSIC, UIB, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cartwright, JHE (reprint author), CSIC, Lab Estudios Cristalograf, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RI Cartwright, Julyan/C-1387-2016 OI Cartwright, Julyan/0000-0001-7392-0957 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 291 EP 298 AR PII S0378-4371(02)01080-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01080-4 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 619XL UT WOS:000179502800041 ER EF